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diff --git a/old/69049-h/69049-h.htm b/old/69049-h/69049-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index de30695..0000000 --- a/old/69049-h/69049-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,51826 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> - <head> <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover" /> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> -<title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Flowering plants of Africa, by Fr. Thonner. -</title> -<style> - -a:link {background-color:#ffffff;color:blue;text-decoration:none;} - - link {background-color:#ffffff;color:blue;text-decoration:none;} - -a:visited {background-color:#ffffff;color:purple;text-decoration:none;} - -a:hover {background-color:#ffffff;color:#FF0000;text-decoration:underline;} - -.big {font-size: 130%;} - -.blk {page-break-before:always;page-break-after:always;} - -body{margin-left:4%;margin-right:6%;background:#ffffff;color:black;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;font-size:medium;} - -.blockquot {margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:2%;} -.blockquot p{text-indent:-2%;margin-left:5%;} - -.blockquott {margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:2%;} -.blockquott p{text-indent:-2%;margin-left:5%; -font-size:90%;} - -.c {text-align:center;text-indent:0%;} - -.caption {font-weight:normal;} -.caption p{font-size:75%;text-align:center;text-indent:0%;} - -.cb {text-align:center;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold; -margin:1em auto .5em auto;} - -.fint {text-align:center;text-indent:0%; -margin-top:2em;} - -.figcenter {margin:3% auto 3% auto;clear:both; -text-align:center;text-indent:0%;} - - h1 {margin-top:5%;text-align:center;clear:both; -font-weight:normal;} - - h2 {margin-top:4%;margin-bottom:2%;text-align:center;clear:both; - font-size:130%;font-weight:normal;} - - h3 {margin:4% auto 2% auto;text-align:center;clear:both;} - - hr {width:90%;margin:2em auto 2em auto;clear:both;color:black;} - - hr.full {width: 60%;margin:2% auto 2% auto;border-top:1px solid black; -padding:.1em;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:none;border-right:none;} - - img {border:none;} - -.letra {font-size:250%;float:left;margin-top:-1%;} - -.nind {text-indent:0%;} - - p {margin-top:.2em;text-align:justify; -margin-bottom:.2em;text-indent:4%;} - -.pagenum {font-style:normal;position:absolute; -left:95%;font-size:55%;text-align:right;color:gray; -background-color:#ffffff;font-variant:normal;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;text-indent:0em;} - -.pdd {padding-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;} - -.r {text-align:right;margin-right: 5%;} - -.rt {text-align:right;} - -.rtb {text-align:right;vertical-align:bottom;} - -small {font-size: 70%;} - - sup {font-size:75%;vertical-align:top;} - -.smcap {font-variant:small-caps;font-size:100%;} - -table {margin:2% auto;border:none;} - -table p{padding-left:2em;text-indent:-1em;} - -td {padding-top:.15em;} - -th {padding-top:.75em;padding-bottom:.25em;} - -tr {vertical-align:top;} - -.spc {padding-left:2em;} -</style> - </head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The flowering plants of Africa, by Franz Thonner</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The flowering plants of Africa</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>An analytical key to the genera of African Phanerograms</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Franz Thonner</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 26, 2022 [eBook #69049]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images available at The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA ***</div> -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="figcenter"> -<a href="images/cover.jpg"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" -height="550" alt="[The image of -the book's cover is unavailable.]" /></a> -</p> - -<div class="blk"> -<table style="border: 2px black solid;margin:1em auto;max-width:15em; -padding:1%;"> -<tr><td class="c"> -<a href="#LIST_OF_PRINCIPAL_WORKS_CONSULTED"><span class="smcap">List of Principal Works Consulted</span></a><br /> -<a href="#TABLE_OF_CONTENTS"><span class="smcap">Table of Contents</span></a><br /> -<a href="#LIST_OF_PLATES"><span class="smcap">List of Plates</span></a><br /> -<a href="#KEY_TO_THE_FAMILIES"><span class="smcap">Key to the Families</span></a><br /> -<a href="#KEY_TO_THE_GENERA"><span class="smcap">Key to the Genera</span></a><br /> -<a href="#STATISTICAL_TABLE"><span class="smcap">Statistical Table</span></a><br /> -<a href="#GLOSSARY_OF_BOTANICAL_TERMS"><span class="smcap">Glossary of Botanical Terms</span></a><br /> -<a href="#ABBREVIATIONS_OF_AUTHORS_NAMES"><span class="smcap">Abbreviations of Authors’ Names</span></a><br /> -<a href="#LIST_OF_POPULAR_NAMES"><span class="smcap">List of Popular Names</span></a><br /> -<a href="#ADDITIONS_AND_CORRECTIONS"><span class="smcap">Additions and Corrections</span></a><br /> -<a href="#INDEX"><span class="smcap">Index</span></a><br /></p> -<p class="c">Some typographical errors have been corrected;<br /> -<a href="#transcrib">a list follows the text</a>.<br /> -(etext transcriber's note)</td></tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_i">{i}</a></span>  </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_ii">{ii}</a></span>  </p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_iii">{iii}</a></span>  </p> - -<p class="c">THE<br /> FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA</p> - -<div class="blk"> -<h1> -THE<br /> -FLOWERING PLANTS<br /> -OF AFRICA</h1> - -<p class="c"> -AN ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA<br /> -OF AFRICAN PHANEROGAMS<br /> -<br /><br /> -<small>BY</small><br /> -FR. THONNER<br /> -<br /><br /> -WITH 150 PLATES AND A MAP<br /> -<br /><br /> -DULAU & CO., LTD.<br /> -37 SOHO SQUARE, LONDON<br /> -1915<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_iv">{iv}</a></span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_v">{v}</a></span>  </p> - -<p class="c"><i>ALL RIGHTS RESERVED</i></p> - -<h2><a id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE</h2> - -<p class="nind"><span class="letra">T</span>HE flora of Africa being now comparatively well known, the author of -the present work considered the time opportune to present to the public -an analytical key for determining in an easy way the generic name of -every phanerogamous plant growing wild, whether indigenous or -naturalized, or cultivated upon a large scale within the geographical -limits of Africa including the islands.</p> - -<p>The names and limits of the genera and families adopted in this work are -those accepted in ENGLER & PRANTL’S “Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien,” -the most recent work containing the description of all genera of -flowering plants, and its supplement “Genera Siphonogamarum” by DALLA -TORRE & HARMS.</p> - -<p>As the present work is intended for the use not only of botanists, but -also of colonists and travellers in Africa, who take an interest in -botany, I have used, wherever it was possible, as distinctive -characters, those which are visible to the naked eye in a plant in -flower, being careful, however, not to deviate too much from the natural -system.</p> - -<p>Besides the diagnostic characters of the genera, I have also indicated -the approximative number of the species described to the end of the year -1910, their geographical distribution, their uses, and their more -important synonyms.</p> - -<p>As to the terms used in indicating the geographical distribution of -African plants, “North Africa” (including North-west-and North-east -Africa) means all northern extratropical Africa, “South Africa” -(including South-west and South-east Africa) southern extratropical -Africa, “tropical Africa” Africa within the tropics, including all -islands, whereas the continent of Africa within the tropics including -only the small islands in the proximity of the coast, is designated by -“Central Africa.”</p> - -<p>The present work was originally published in German under the title “Die -Blütenpflanzen Africas” (Berlin, R. Friedländer & Sohn, 1908). A new -edition being desirable, I have preferred the English language, and I am -indebted to Dr. A. B. RENDLE, of the British Museum, for revising my -translation.</p> - -<p>The plates were drawn by the Vienna artist JOSEPH FLEISCHMANN from -herbarium specimens kindly lent from the collections of the Hofmuseum at -Vienna and the Jardin botanique de l’Etat at Brussels by their -respective keepers Dr. A. ZAHLBRUCKNER and Dr. E. DE WILDEMAN. Drawings -already published have been used for a few plates only; these are duly -indicated.</p> - -<p class="r"> -FRANZ THONNER.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="nind"> -VIENNA (AUSTRIA), September 1913.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_vii">{vii}</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_vi">{vi}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="LIST_OF_PRINCIPAL_WORKS_CONSULTED"></a>LIST OF PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED</h2> - -<div class="blockquott"><p><span class="smcap">A. Engler & K. Prantl</span>, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Leipzig, -1889-1908).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">C. G. De Dalla Torre & H. Harms</span>, Genera Siphonogamarum (Leipzig, -1900-1907).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Engler</span>, Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 6. ed. (Berlin, 1909).</p> - -<p>—Das Pflanzenreich (Leipzig, 1900-1910).</p> - -<p>—Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzenfamilien und-gattungen -(Leipzig, 1898-1904).</p> - -<p>—Die Vegetation Afrikas (Berlin, 1908-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker</span>, Genera plantarum (London, 1862-1883).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. D. Hooker & B. D. Jackson</span>, Index Kewensis plantarum -phanerogamarum (Oxford, 1895-1908).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. De Candolle</span>, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis -(Paris, 1824-1873).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">C. S. Kunth</span>, Enumeratio plantarum (Stuttgart, 1833-1850).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. Walpers</span>, Repertorium botanices systematicae (Leipzig, -1842-1847).</p> - -<p>—Annales botanices systematicae (Leipzig, 1848-1868).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. & C. De Candolle</span>, Monographiae phanerogamarum (Paris, -1878-1896).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">H. Baillon</span>, Histoire des plantes (Paris, 1867-1895).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Th. Durand & H. Schinz</span>, Conspectus florae Africae (Bruxelles, -1895-1898).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. Delile</span>, Flore d’Egypte (Paris, 1810).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. Boissier</span>, Flora orientalis (Basel, 1867-1888).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">P. Ascherson & G. Schweinfurth</span>, Illustrations de la flore d’Egypte -(Le Caire, 1887).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. Sickenberger</span>, Contributions à la flore d’Egypte (Le Caire, -1901).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. Durand & G. Barratte</span>, Florae Libycae prodromus (Genève, 1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. A. Battandier & Trabut</span>, Flore de l’Algérie (Alger, 1888-1910).</p> - -<p>—Flore de l’Algérie et de la Tunisie (Alger, 1902).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. Trelease</span>, Botanical observations on the Azores (St. Louis, -1897).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. T. Lowe</span>, A manual flora of Madeira (London, 1868).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ph. Barker-Webb & S. Berthelot</span>, Phytographia Canariensis (Paris, -1836-1840).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. Pitard & L. Proust</span>, Les îles Canaries (Paris, 1908).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">D. Oliver & W. T. Thiselton-Dyer</span>, Flora of tropical Africa (London, -1868-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. Mildbread</span>, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen -Central-Africa-Expedition; Botanik (Berlin, 1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Engler</span>, Die Pflanzenwelt Ostafrikas (Berlin, 1895).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Richard</span>, Tentamen florae Abyssinicae (Paris, 1847).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. Pirotta</span>, Flora della colonia Eritrea (Roma, 1903-1908).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. A. Grant & D. Oliver</span>, The botany of the Speke and Grant -expedition. (London, 1872-1875).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. Peters</span>, Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach Mozambik (Berlin, -1862-1864).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Th. Sim</span>, Forest flora and forest resources of Portuguese East -Africa (Aberdeen, 1909).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. B. Balfour</span>, Botany of Socotra (Edinburgh, 1888).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">H. Forbes</span>, The natural history of Socotra and Abdelkuri (Liverpool, -1903).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">F. Vierhapper</span>, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flora Südarabiens und der -Inseln Socotra, Semha und Abdelkuri (Wien, 1907).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. A. Schmidt</span>, Beiträge zur Flora der kapverdischen Inseln -(Heidelberg, 1852).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. A. Guillemin</span>, S. Perrotet, & A. Richard, Florae Senegambiae -tentamen (Paris, 1830-1833).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. Palisot Beauvois</span>, Flore d’Oware et de Benin (Paris 1804).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Hooker</span>, Niger flora (London, 1849).<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_viii">{viii}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">H. Pobeguin</span>, Essai sur la flore de la Guinée française (Paris, -1906).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Th. Durand & E. De Wildeman</span>, Matériaux pour la flore du Congo -(Bruxelles, 1897-1901).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. De Wildeman & Th. Durand</span>, Contributions a la flore du Congo -(Bruxelles, 1900).</p> - -<p>—— Reliquiae Dewevreanae (Bruxelles, 1901).</p> - -<p>—— Illustrations de la flore du Congo (Bruxelles, 1898-1904).</p> - -<p>—— Plantae Thonnerianae Congolenses (Bruxelles, 1900).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. De Wildeman</span>, Etudes sur la flore du Katanga (Bruxelles, -1902-1903).</p> - -<p>—Etudes sur la flore du Bas-et du Moyen-Congo (Bruxelles, -1903-1910).</p> - -<p>—Mission E. Laurent (Bruxelles, 1905-1907).</p> - -<p>—Notice sur des plantes utiles ou interessantes de la flore du -Congo (Bruxelles, 1903-1906).</p> - -<p>—Plantae novae horti Thenensis (Bruxelles, 1904-1910).</p> - -<p>—Companie du Kasai (Bruxelles, 1909).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Th. & H. Durand</span>, Sylloge florae Congolanae (Bruxelles, 1909).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. P. Hiern</span>, Catalogue of the African plants collected by Welwitsch -(London, 1896-1901).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">O. Warburg</span>, Die Kunene-Sambesi-Expedition (Berlin, 1903).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. C. Mellis</span>, St. Helena (London, 1875).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Grandidier & Drake Del Castillo</span>, Histoire naturelle de -Madagascar (Paris, 1886-1902).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">P. Baron</span>, Compendium des plants malgaches (Paris, 1901-1906).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. Palacky</span>, Catalogus plantarum Madagascariensium (Prag, 1906).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. G. Baker</span>, Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles (London, 1877).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. B. Balfour</span>, Flora of the Island of Rodriguez (London, 1879).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. De Cordemoy</span>, Flore de l’île de la Réunion (Paris, 1895).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Voeltzkow</span>, Die von Aldabra bis jetzt bekannte Flora und Fauna -(Frankfurt, 1902).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>, The genera of South-African plants, 2. ed. (Capetown, -1868).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>. O. W. Sonder &. W. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora Capensis -(London, 1859-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>, Thesaurus Capensis (Dublin, 1859-1863).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">H. Bolus & A. H. Wolley-Dod</span>, A list of the flowering plants of the -Cape peninsula (Capetown, 1903).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Th. Sim</span>, The forests and forest flora of the Colony of the Cape of -Good Hope (Aberdeen, 1907).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. M. Wood</span>, Handbook to the flora of Natal (Durban, 1907).</p> - -<p>—Natal plants (Durban, 1898-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">H. Schinz</span>, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der afrikanischen Flora (Genève, -1892-1908).</p> - -<p>—Die Pflanzenwelt Deutsch-Südwestafrikas. (Genève, 1896-1900).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Zahlbruckner</span>, Plantae Pentherianae (Wien, 1900-1905).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Challenger</span> Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. -“Challenger” (London, 1885).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">H. Schenk</span>, Vergleichende Darstellung der Pflanzengeographie der -subantarktischen Inseln (Jena, 1905).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Linnean Society</span>, Journal. Botany. (London, 1857-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Kew Gardens</span>, Bulletin of miscellaneous information. (London, -1892-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. Curtis</span>, The Botanical Magazine (London, 1793-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">W. J. & J. D. Hooker</span>, Icones plantarum (London, 1837-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">B. Seemann & J. Britten</span>, The Journal of Botany (London, 1853-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Engler</span>, Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte -und Pflanzengeographie (Leipzig, 1881-1910).</p> - -<p>—Notizblatt des königl. botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin -(Leipzig, 1897-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">K. Schumann & F. Fedde</span>, Just’s botanischer Jahresbericht (Leipzig, -1873-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">F. Fedde</span>, Repertorium novarum specierum regni vegetabilis (Berlin, -1906-1910).<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_ix">{ix}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Botanisches Centralblatt</span> (Leiden, 1880-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Société Botanique De France</span>, Bulletin (Paris, 1854-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Société Linnéenne De Paris</span>, Bulletin (Paris, 1889-1899).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Muséum D’Histoire Naturelle</span>, Bulletin (Paris, 1895-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. Beauverd</span>, Bulletin de l’herbier Boissier, 2me série (Genéve, -1901-1908).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. Pirotta</span>, Annuario del istituto botanico di Roma (Milano, -1885-1908).</p> - -<p>—Annali di Botanica (Roma, 1904-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sociedade Broteriana</span>, Boletim (Coimbra, 1883-1910).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. Lindley & Th. Moore</span>, The treasury of botany (London, 1884).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. C. Willis</span>, A manual and dictionary of the flowering plants and -ferns, 3. ed. (Cambridge, 1908).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. Wiesner</span>, Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs, 2. Aufl. (Leipzig, -1900).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. Dragendorff</span>, Die Heilpflanzen (Stuttgart, 1898).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">L. Lewin</span>, Lehrbuch der Toxikologie, 2. Aufl. (Wien, 1897).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">F. Macmillan</span>, A handbook of tropical gardening and planting -(Colombo, 1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">M. Woodrow</span>, Gardening in the tropics (Paisley, 1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Voss</span>, Vilmorin’s Blumengärtnerei (Berlin, 1896).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Moloney</span>, Sketch of the forestry of West Africa (London, 1887).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. H. Holland</span>, The useful plants of Nigeria (London, 1908).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">R. Sadebeck</span>, Die Kulturgewächse der deutschen Kolonien (Jena, -1899).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">J. L. De lanessan</span>, Les plantes utiles des colonies françaises -(Paris, 1886).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. Niederlein</span>, Ressources végétales des colonies françaises (Paris, -1902).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Sebire</span>, Les plantes utiles du Senegal (Paris, 1899).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A. Chevalier</span>, Les végétaux utiles de l’Afrique tropicale française -(Paris, 1905-1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">E. Heckel</span>, Les plantes utiles de Madagascar (Paris, 1910).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">L. Cuoco</span>, Fauna e flora medica ed industriale della colonia Eritrea -(Napoli, 1897).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">C. De Ficalho</span>, Plantas uteis da Africa portugueza (Lisboa, 1884).</p> - -<p> </p> - -<p><span class="smcap">B. D. Jackson</span>, A glossary of botanic terms, 2. ed. (London, 1905).</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_x">{x}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS"></a>TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2> - -<table> -<tr><th colspan="3"><span class="big">KEY TO THE FAMILIES</span></th></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class="rt"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2">Gymnospermae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_1">1</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2">Monocotyledoneae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_2">2</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2">Apetalae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_6">6</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2">Choripetalae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_18">18</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2">Sympetalae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_49">49</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><span class="big">KEY TO THE GENERA</span></th></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3">I. CYCADALES.</th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_1">1.</a></td><td> Cycadaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_69">69</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3">II. CONIFERAE.</th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_2">2.</a></td><td> Taxaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_70">70</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_3">3.</a></td><td> Pinaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_70">70</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3">III. GNETALES.</th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_4">4.</a></td><td> Gnetaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_71">71</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3">IV. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE.</th></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Pandanales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_5">5.</a></td><td> Typhaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_72">72</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_6">6.</a></td><td> Pandanaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_73">73</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_7">7.</a></td><td> Sparganiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_73">73</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Helobiae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_8">8.</a></td><td> Potamogetonaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_73">73</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_9">9.</a></td><td> Naiadaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_10">10.</a></td><td> Aponogetonaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_11">11.</a></td><td> Scheuchzeriaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_12">12.</a></td><td> Alismataceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_13">13.</a></td><td> Butomaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_77">77</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_14">14.</a></td><td> Hydrocharitaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_77">77</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Triuridales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_15">15.</a></td><td> Triuridaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_78">78</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Glumiflorae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_16">16.</a></td><td> Gramineae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_79">79</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_17">17.</a></td><td> Cyperaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_106">106</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Principes.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_18">18.</a></td><td> Palmae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_110">110</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Spathiflorae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_19">19.</a></td><td> Araceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_114">114</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_20">20.</a></td><td> Lemnaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_119">119</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Farinosae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_21">21.</a></td><td> Flagellariaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_119">119</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_22">22.</a></td><td> Restionaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_119">119</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_23">23.</a></td><td> Mayacaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_120">120</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_24">24.</a></td><td> Xyridaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_121">121</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_25">25.</a></td><td> Eriocaulaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_121">121</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_26">26.</a></td><td> Rapateaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_121">121</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_27">27.</a></td><td> Bromeliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_122">122</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_28">28.</a></td><td> Commelinaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_122">122</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_29">29.</a></td><td> Pontederiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_123">123</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_30">30.</a></td><td> Cyanastraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_124">124</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Liliiflorae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_31">31.</a></td><td> Juncaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_124">124</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_32">32.</a></td><td> Liliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_125">125</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_33">33.</a></td><td> Haemodoraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_134">134</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_34">34.</a></td><td> Amaryllidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_135">135</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_35">35.</a></td><td> Velloziaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_139">139</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_36">36.</a></td><td> Taccaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_139">139</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_37">37.</a></td><td> Dioscoreaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_140">140</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_38">38.</a></td><td> Iridaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_140">140</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Scitamineae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_39">39.</a></td><td> Musaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_145">145</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_40">40.</a></td><td> Zingiberaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_146">146</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_41">41.</a></td><td> Cannaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_147">147</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_42">42.</a></td><td> Marantaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_148">148</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Microspermae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_43">43.</a></td><td> Burmanniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_149">149</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_44">44.</a></td><td> Orchidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_150">150</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3">V. DICOTYLEDONEAE.</th></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>ARCHICHLAMYDEAE.</i></th></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Verticillatae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_45">45.</a></td><td> Casuarinaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_160">160</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_xi">{xi}</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Piperales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_46">46.</a></td><td> Piperaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_161">161</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Salicales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_47">47.</a></td><td> Salicaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_161">161</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Myricales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_48">48.</a></td><td> Myricaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_162">162</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Juglandales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_49">49.</a></td><td> Juglandaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_162">162</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Fagales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_50">50.</a></td><td> Betulaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_162">162</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_51">51.</a></td><td> Fagaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_163">163</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Urticales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_52">52.</a></td><td> Ulmaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_163">163</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_53">53.</a></td><td> Moraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_164">164</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_54">54.</a></td><td> Urticaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_168">168</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Proteales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_55">55.</a></td><td> Proteaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_170">170</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Santalales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_56">56.</a></td><td> Santalaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_172">172</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_57">57.</a></td><td> Opiliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_173">173</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_58">58.</a></td><td> Grubbiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_173">173</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_59">59.</a></td><td> Olacaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_173">173</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_60">60.</a></td><td> Octoknemataceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_175">175</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_61">61.</a></td><td> Loranthaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_175">175</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_62">62.</a></td><td> Balanophoraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_176">176</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Aristolochiales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_63">63.</a></td><td> Aristolochiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_176">176</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_64">64.</a></td><td> Rafflesiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_177">177</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_65">65.</a></td><td> Hydnoraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_177">177</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Polygonales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_66">66.</a></td><td> Polygonaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_177">177</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Centrospermae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_67">67.</a></td><td> Chenopodiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_179">179</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_68">68.</a></td><td> Amarantaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_182">182</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_69">69.</a></td><td> Nyctaginaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_186">186</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_70">70.</a></td><td> Cynocrambaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_187">187</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_71">71.</a></td><td> Phytolaccaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_187">187</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_72">72.</a></td><td> Aizoaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_188">188</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_73">73.</a></td><td> Portulacaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_190">190</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_74">74.</a></td><td> Basellaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_191">191</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_75">75.</a></td><td> Caryophyllaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_191">191</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Ranales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_76">76.</a></td><td> Nymphaeaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_197">197</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_77">77.</a></td><td> Ceratophyllaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_197">197</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_78">78.</a></td><td> Ranunculaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_197">197</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_79">79.</a></td><td> Berberidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_199">199</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_80">80.</a></td><td> Memspermaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_199">199</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_81">81.</a></td><td> Anonaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_203">203</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_82">82.</a></td><td> Myristicaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_206">206</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_83">83.</a></td><td> Monimiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_208">208</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_84">84.</a></td><td> Lauraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_209">209</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_85">85.</a></td><td> Hernandiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_211">211</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Rhoeadales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_86">86.</a></td><td> Papaveraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_211">211</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_87">87.</a></td><td> Capparidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_213">213</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_88">88.</a></td><td> Cruciferae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_216">216</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_89">89.</a></td><td> Resedaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_228">228</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_90">90.</a></td><td> Moringaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_229">229</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Sarraceniales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_91">91.</a></td><td> Nepenthaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_229">229</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_92">92.</a></td><td> Droseraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_230">230</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Rosales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_93">93.</a></td><td> Podostemonaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_230">230</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_94">94.</a></td><td> Hydrostachyaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_231">231</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_95">95.</a></td><td> Crassulaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_232">232</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_96">96.</a></td><td> Saxifragaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_233">233</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_97">97.</a></td><td> Pittosporaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_235">235</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_98">98.</a></td><td> Cunoniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_235">235</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_99">99.</a></td><td> Myrothamnaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_236">236</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_100">100.</a></td><td> Bruniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_236">236</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_101">101.</a></td><td> Hamamelidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_238">238</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_102">102.</a></td><td> Platanaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_238">238</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_103">103.</a></td><td> Rosaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_239">239</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_104">104.</a></td><td> Connaraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_243">243</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_105">105.</a></td><td> Leguminosae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_245">245</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Pandales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_106">106.</a></td><td> Pandaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_289">289</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Geraniales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_107">107.</a></td><td> Geraniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_289">289</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_108">108.</a></td><td> Oxalidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_290">290</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_109">109.</a></td><td> Tropaeolaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_291">291</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_110">110.</a></td><td> Linaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_291">291</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_111">111.</a></td><td> Humiriaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_292">292</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_112">112.</a></td><td> Erythroxylaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_292">292</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_113">113.</a></td><td> Zygophyllaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_293">293</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_114">114.</a></td><td> Cneoraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_295">295</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_115">115.</a></td><td> Rutaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_295">295</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_116">116.</a></td><td> Simarubaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_299">299</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_117">117.</a></td><td> Burseraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_301">301</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_118">118.</a></td><td> Meliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_302">302</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_119">119.</a></td><td> Malpighiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_306">306</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_xii">{xii}</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_120">120.</a></td><td> Polygalaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_308">308</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_121">121.</a></td><td> Dichapetalaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_309">309</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_122">122.</a></td><td> Euphorbiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_309">309</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_123">123.</a></td><td> Callitrichaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_324">324</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Sapindales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_124">124.</a></td><td> Buxaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_324">324</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_125">125.</a></td><td> Empetraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_325">325</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_126">126.</a></td><td> Coriariaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_325">325</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_127">127.</a></td><td> Anacardiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_325">325</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_128">128.</a></td><td> Aquifoliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_329">329</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_129">129.</a></td><td> Celastraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_329">329</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_130">130.</a></td><td> Hippocrateaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_332">332</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_131">131.</a></td><td> Salvadoraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_332">332</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_132">132.</a></td><td> Icacinaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_333">333</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_133">133.</a></td><td> Aceraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_335">335</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_134">134.</a></td><td> Sapindaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_335">335</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_135">135.</a></td><td> Melianthaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_342">342</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_136">136.</a></td><td> Balsaminaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_343">343</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Rhamnales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_137">137.</a></td><td> Rhamnaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_343">343</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_138">138.</a></td><td> Vitaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_345">345</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Malvales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_139">139.</a></td><td> Elaeocarpaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_347">347</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_140">140.</a></td><td> Chlaenaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_347">347</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_141">141.</a></td><td> Tiliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_348">348</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_142">142.</a></td><td> Malvaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_350">350</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_143">143.</a></td><td> Bombacaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_353">353</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_144">144.</a></td><td> Sterculiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_354">354</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_145">145.</a></td><td> Scytopetalaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_357">357</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Parietales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_146">146.</a></td><td> Dilleniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_358">358</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_147">147.</a></td><td> Ochnaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_359">359</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_148">148.</a></td><td> Theaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_360">360</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_149">149.</a></td><td> Guttiferae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_360">360</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_150">150.</a></td><td> Dipterocarpaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_363">363</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_151">151.</a></td><td> Elatinaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_363">363</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_152">152.</a></td><td> Frankeniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_363">363</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_153">153.</a></td><td> Tamaricaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_364">364</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_154">154.</a></td><td> Cistaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_365">365</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_155">155.</a></td><td> Bixaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_365">365</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_156">156.</a></td><td> Cochlospermaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_366">366</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_157">157.</a></td><td> Winteranaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_366">366</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_158">158.</a></td><td> Violaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_366">366</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_159">159.</a></td><td> Flacourtiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_367">367</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_160">160.</a></td><td> Turneraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_373">373</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_161">161.</a></td><td> Passifloraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_374">374</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_162">162.</a></td><td> Achariaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_376">376</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_163">163.</a></td><td> Caricaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_377">377</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_164">164.</a></td><td> Loasaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_377">377</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_165">165.</a></td><td> Begoniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_377">377</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_166">166.</a></td><td> Ancistrocladaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_378">378</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Opuntiales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_167">167.</a></td><td> Cactaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_378">378</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Myrtiflorae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_168">168.</a></td><td> Geissolomataceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_379">379</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_169">169.</a></td><td> Penaeaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_379">379</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_170">170.</a></td><td> Oliniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_380">380</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_171">171.</a></td><td> Thymelaeaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_380">380</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_172">172.</a></td><td> Elaeagnaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_383">383</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_173">173.</a></td><td> Lythraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_383">383</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_174">174.</a></td><td> Sonneratiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_385">385</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_175">175.</a></td><td> Punicaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_386">386</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_176">176.</a></td><td> Lecythidaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_386">386</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_177">177.</a></td><td> Rhizophoraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_387">387</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_178">178.</a></td><td> Alangiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_389">389</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_179">179.</a></td><td> Combretaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_389">389</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_180">180.</a></td><td> Myrtaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_391">391</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_181">181.</a></td><td> Melastomataceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_392">392</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_182">182.</a></td><td> Oenotheraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_397">397</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_183">183.</a></td><td> Halorrhagaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_399">399</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_184">184.</a></td><td> Cynomoriaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_400">400</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Umbelliflorae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_185">185.</a></td><td> Araliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_400">400</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_186">186.</a></td><td> Umbelliferae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_401">401</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_187">187.</a></td><td> Cornaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_414">414</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>METACHLAMYDEAE.</i></th></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Ericales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_188">188.</a></td><td> Clethraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_414">414</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_189">189.</a></td><td> Ericaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_415">415</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Primulales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_190">190.</a></td><td> Myrsinaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_417">417</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_191">191.</a></td><td> Primulaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_419">419</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_192">192.</a></td><td> Plumbaginaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_420">420</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Ebenales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_193">193.</a></td><td> Sapotaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_421">421</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_194">194.</a></td><td> Hoplestigmataceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_424">424</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_195">195.</a></td><td> Ebenaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_424">424</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_196">196.</a></td><td> Styracaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_425">425</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Contortae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_197">197.</a></td><td> Oleaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_425">425</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_198">198.</a></td><td> Loganiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_427">427</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_199">199.</a></td><td> Gentianaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_429">429</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_200">200.</a></td><td> Apocynaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_432">432</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_201">201.</a></td><td> Asclepiadaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_441">441</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Tubiflorae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_202">202.</a></td><td> Convolvulaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_457">457</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_203">203.</a></td><td> Hydrophyllaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_462">462</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_xiii">{xiii}</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_204">204.</a></td><td> Borraginaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_463">463</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_205">205.</a></td><td> Verbenaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_467">467</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_206">206.</a></td><td> Labiatae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_470">470</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_207">207.</a></td><td> Solanaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_481">481</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_208">208.</a></td><td> Scrophulariaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_483">483</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_209">209.</a></td><td> Bignoniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_495">495</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_210">210.</a></td><td> Pedaliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_498">498</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_211">211.</a></td><td> Martyniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_500">500</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_212">212.</a></td><td> Orobanchaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_500">500</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_213">213.</a></td><td> Gesneraceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_500">500</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_214">214.</a></td><td> Lentibulariaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_501">501</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_215">215.</a></td><td> Globulariaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_502">502</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_216">216.</a></td><td> Acanthaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_502">502</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_217">217.</a></td><td> Myoporaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_515">515</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Plantaginales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_218">218.</a></td><td> Plantaginaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_515">515</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Rubiales.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_219">219.</a></td><td> Rubiaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_516">516</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_220">220.</a></td><td> Caprifoliaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_533">533</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_221">221.</a></td><td> Valerianaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_534">534</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_222">222.</a></td><td> Dipsacaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_534">534</a></td></tr> - -<tr><th colspan="3"><i>Campanulatae.</i></th></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_223">223.</a></td><td> Cucurbitaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_535">535</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_224">224.</a></td><td> Campanulaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_541">541</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_225">225.</a></td><td> Goodeniaceae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_544">544</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#FAMILY_226">226.</a></td><td> Compositae</td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_544">544</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap"><a href="#STATISTICAL_TABLE">Statistical Table</a></span></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_585">585</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap"><a href="#GLOSSARY_OF_BOTANICAL_TERMS">Glossary of Botanical Terms</a></span></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_591">591</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ABBREVIATIONS_OF_AUTHORS_NAMES">Abbreviations of Authors’ Names</a></span></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_600">600</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap"><a href="#LIST_OF_POPULAR_NAMES">List of Popular Names</a></span></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_602">602</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap"><a href="#ADDITIONS_AND_CORRECTIONS">Additions and Corrections</a></span></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_607">607</a></td></tr> -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap"><a href="#INDEX">Index</a></span></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_613">613</a></td></tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_xiv">{xiv}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="LIST_OF_PLATES"></a>LIST OF PLATES</h2> - -<table> -<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class="rt"><small>To face page</small></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_1">1.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_1"><i>Cycadaceae.</i> Encephalartos Lemarinelianus De Wild. et Dur. </a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_70">70</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_2">2.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_2"><i>Pinaceae.</i> Callitris cupressoides (L.) Schrad.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_71">71</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_3">3.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_3"><i>Pandanaceae.</i> Pandanus candelabrum Beauv.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_72">72</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_4">4.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_4"><i>Potamogetonaceae.</i> Potamogeton javanicus Hassk.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_73">73</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_5">5.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_5"><i>Aponogetonaceae.</i> Aponogeton leptostachyus E. Mey.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_74">74</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_6">6.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_6"><i>Alismataceae.</i> Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_7">7.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_7"><i>Hydrocharitaceae.</i> Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_78">78</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_8">8.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_8"><i>Gramineae.</i> Chloris Gayana Kunth</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_79">79</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_9">9.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_9"><i>Cyperaceae.</i> Kyllinga alba Nees</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_110">110</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_10">10.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_10"><i>Palmae.</i> Raphia Laurentii De Wild.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_111">111</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_11">11.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_11"><i>Palmae.</i> Raphia Laurentii De Wild.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_114">114</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_12">12.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_12"><i>Araceae.</i> Amorphophallus gratus (Schott) N. E. Brown</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_115">115</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_13">13.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_13"><i>Restionaceae.</i> Restio compressus Rottb.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_120">120</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_14">14.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_14"><i>Xyridaceae.</i> Xyris augustifolia De Wild. et Dur.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_121">121</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_15">15.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_15"><i>Eriocaulaceae.</i> Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_122">122</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_16">16.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_16"><i>Commelinaceae.</i> Aneilema beninense Kunth</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_123">123</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_17">17.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_17"><i>Juncaceae.</i> Prionium serratum Drege</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_124">124</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_18">18.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_18"><i>Liliaceae.</i> Dracaena Perrotetii Bak.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_125">125</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_19">19.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_19"><i>Amaryllidaceae.</i> Crinum abyssinicum Hochst.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_138">138</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_20">20.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_20"><i>Velloziaceae.</i> Barbacenia aequatorialis Rendle</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_139">139</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_21">21.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_21"><i>Dioscoreaceae.</i> Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_140">140</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_22">22.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_22"><i>Iridaceae.</i> Lapeyrousia Fabricii Ker.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_141">141</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_23">23.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_23"><i>Musaceae.</i> Strelitzia Reginae Banks ex Ait.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_146">146</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_24">24.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_24"><i>Zingiberaceae.</i> Aframomum Laurentii (De Wild. et Dur.) K. Schum.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_147">147</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_25">25.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_25"><i>Marantaceae.</i> Clinogyne arillata K. Schum.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_148">148</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_26">26.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_26"><i>Orchidaceae.</i> Listrostachys vesicata Reichb. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_149">149</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_27">27.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_27"><i>Piperaceae.</i> Piper guineense Schum.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_160">160</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_28">28.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_28"><i>Salicaceae.</i> Salix Safsaf Forsk.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_161">161</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_29">29.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_29"><i>Myricaceae.</i> Myrica conifera Burm. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_162">162</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_30">30.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_30"><i>Ulmaceae.</i> Trema guineensis Schum.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_163">163</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_31">31.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_31"><i>Moraceae.</i> Dorstenia elliptica Bureau</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_164">164</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_32">32.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_32"><i>Urticaceae.</i> Fleurya aestuans Gaud.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_165">165</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_33">33.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_33"><i>Proteaceae.</i> Leucospermum conocarpum R. Br.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_170">170</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_34">34.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_34"><i>Loranthaceae.</i> Loranthus capitatus (Spreng.) Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_171">171</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_35">35.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_35"><i>Santalaceae.</i> Osyris tenuifolia Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_172">172</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_36">36.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_36"><i>Opiliaceae.</i> Opilia amentacea Roxb.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_173">173</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_37">37.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_37"><i>Olacaceae.</i> Olax Durandii Eng.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_174">174</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_38">38.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_38"><i>Aristolochiaceae.</i> Aristolochia bracteata Retz.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_175">175</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_39">39.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_39"><i>Polygonaceae.</i> Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. et Steud.) Benth. et Hook.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_178">178</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_40">40.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_40"><i>Chenopodiaceae.</i> Traganum nudatum Del.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_179">179</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_41">41.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_41"><i>Amarantaceae.</i> Achyranthes angustifolia Benth.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_184">184</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_42">42.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_42"><i>Nyctaginaceae.</i> Pisonia aculeata L.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_185">185</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_43">43.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_43"><i>Aizoaceae.</i> Trianthema pentandrum L.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_190">190</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_44">44.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_44"><i>Portulacaceae.</i> Talinum cuneifolium Willd.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_191">191</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_45">45.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_45"><i>Caryophyllaceae.</i> Polycarpaea linearifolia DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_196">196</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_46">46.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_46"><i>Ranunculaceae.</i> Anemone vesicatoria (L. f.) Prantl</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_197">197</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_47">47.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_47"><i>Menispermaceae.</i> Cocculus Leaeba DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_202">202</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_48">48.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_48"><i>Anonaceae.</i> Anona senegalensis Pers.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_203">203</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_xv">{xv}</a></span></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_49">49.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_49"><i>Myristicaceae.</i> Pycnanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_208">208</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_50">50.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_50"><i>Monimiaceae.</i> Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_209">209</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_51">51.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_51"><i>Lauraceae.</i> Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_210">210</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_52">52.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_52"><i>Papaveraceae.</i> Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_211">211</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_53">53.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_53"><i>Cruciferae.</i> Heliophila amplexicaulis L. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_214">214</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_54">54.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_54"><i>Capparidaceae.</i> Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_215">215</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_55">55.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_55"><i>Resedaceae.</i> Oligomeris glaucescens Cambess.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_228">228</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_56">56.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_56"><i>Droseraceae.</i> Drosera Burkeana Planch.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_229">229</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_57">57.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_57"><i>Podostemonaceae.</i> Tristicha alternifolia Tul.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_230">230</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_58">58.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_58"><i>Hydrostachyaceae.</i> Hydrostachys multifida A. Juss.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_231">231</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_59">59.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_59"><i>Crassulaceae.</i> Kalanchoe laciniata DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_232">232</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_60">60.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_60"><i>Saxifragaceae.</i> Brexia madagascariensis Thouars</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_233">233</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_61">61.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_61"><i>Pittosporaceae.</i> Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_234">234</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_62">62.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_62"><i>Cunoniaceae.</i> Weinmannia Hildebrandtii Baill.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_235">235</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_63">63.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_63"><i>Bruniaceae.</i> Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_236">236</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_64">64.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_64"><i>Hamamelidaceae.</i> Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. et Zeyh.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_237">237</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_65">65.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_65"><i>Rosaceae.</i> Parinarium congoense Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_242">242</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_66">66.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_66"><i>Connaraceae.</i> Connarus Smeathmannii DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_243">243</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_67">67.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_67"><i>Leguminosae.</i> Bauhinia macrantha Oliv.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_288">288</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_68">68.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_68"><i>Geraniaceae.</i> Monsonia biflora DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_289">289</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_69">69.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_69"><i>Oxalidaceae.</i> Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_290">290</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_70">70.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_70"><i>Linaceae.</i> Hugonia acuminata Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_291">291</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_71">71.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_71"><i>Erythroxylaceae.</i> Erythroxylon pictum E. Mey.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_292">292</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_72">72.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_72"><i>Zygophyllaceae.</i> Balanites aegyptiaca Del.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_293">293</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_73">73.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_73"><i>Rutaceae.</i> Agathosma ciliata Link</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_298">298</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_74">74.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_74"><i>Simarubaceae.</i> Irvingia Barter Hook. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_299">299</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_75">75.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_75"><i>Burseraceae.</i> Pachylobus edulis G. Don</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_302">302</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_76">76.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_76"><i>Meliaceae.</i> Trichilia retusa Oliv.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_303">303</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_77">77.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_77"><i>Malpighiaceae.</i> Acridocarpus macrocalyx Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_306">306</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_78">78.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_78"><i>Polygalaceae.</i> Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_307">307</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_79">79.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_79"><i>Dichapetalaceae.</i> Dichapetalum leucosepalum Ruhl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_308">308</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_80">80.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_80"><i>Euphorbiaceae.</i> Phyllanthus floribundus Muell. Arg.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_309">309</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_81">81.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_81"><i>Anacardiaceae.</i> Lannea Schimperi (Hochst.) Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_328">328</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_82">82.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_82"><i>Celastraceae.</i> Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_329">329</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_83">83.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_83"><i>Hippocrateaceae.</i> Salacia Dusenii Loesen</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_332">332</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_84">84.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_84"><i>Icacinaceae.</i> Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_333">333</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_85">85.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_85"><i>Sapindaceae.</i> Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_340">340</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_86">86.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_86"><i>Melianthaceae.</i> Bersama abyssinica Fresen.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_341">341</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_87">87.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_87"><i>Balsaminaceae.</i> Impatiens capensis Thunb.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_342">342</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_88">88.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_88"><i>Rhamnaceae.</i> Ventilago leiocarpa Benth.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_343">343</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_89">89.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_89"><i>Vitaceae.</i> Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Planch.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_346">346</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_90">90.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_90"><i>Chlaenaceae.</i> Leptochlaena multiflora Thouars</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_347">347</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_91">91.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_91"><i>Tiliaceae.</i> Grewia occidentalis L.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_350">350</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_92">92.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_92"><i>Malvaceae.</i> Pavonia praemorsa Willd.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_351">351</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_93">93.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_93"><i>Bombacaceae.</i> Bombax lukayensis De Wild. et Dur.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_354">354</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_94">94.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_94"><i>Sterculiaceae.</i> Dombeya Bruceana A. Rich.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_355">355</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_95">95.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_95"><i>Scytopetalaceae.</i> Rhaptopetalum sessilifolium Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_358">358</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_96">96.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_96"><i>Dilleniaceae.</i> Tetracera alnifolia Willd.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_359">359</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_97">97.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_97"><i>Ochnaceae.</i> Ochna Hoepfneri Engl. et Gilg</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_360">360</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_98">98.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_98"><i>Theaceae.</i> Visnea Mocanera L. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_361">361</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_99">99.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_99"><i>Guttiferae.</i> Allanblackia floribunda Oliv.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_362">362</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_100">100.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_100"><i>Elatinaceae.</i> Bergia suffruticosa (Del.) Fenzl</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_363">363</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_101">101.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_101"><i>Tamaricaceae.</i> Tamarix senegalensis DC.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_364">364</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_102">102.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_102"><i>Cistaceae.</i> Cistus heterophyllus Desf.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_365">365</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_103">103.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_103"><i>Violaceae.</i> Rinorea gracilipes Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_366">366</a> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_xvi">{xvi}</a></span></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_104">104.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_104"><i>Flacourtiaceae.</i> Flacourtia Ramontchi L’Her.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_367">367</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_105">105.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_105"><i>Turneraceae.</i> Wormskioldia lobate Urb.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_374">374</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_106">106.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_106"><i>Passifloraceae.</i> Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_375">375</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_107">107.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_107"><i>Begoniaceae.</i> Begonia Favargeri Rechinger</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_378">378</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_108">108.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_108"><i>Penaeaceae.</i> Sarcocolla squamosa (L.) Kunth</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_379">379</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_109">109.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_109"><i>Thymelaeaceae.</i> Lachnaea filamentosa (L. f.) Gilg</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_382">382</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_110">110.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_110"><i>Lythraceae.</i> Nesaea floribunda Sond.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_383">383</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_111">111.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_111"><i>Lecythidaceae.</i> Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_386">386</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_112">112.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_112"><i>Rhizophoraceae.</i> Weihea africana Benth.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_387">387</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_113">113.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_113"><i>Combretaceae.</i> Combretum racemosum Beauv.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_390">390</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_114">114.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_114"><i>Myrtaceae.</i> Eugenia natalitia Sond.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_391">391</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_115">115.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_115"><i>Melastomataceae.</i> Dissotis capitata (Vahl) Hook. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_396">396</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_116">116.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_116"><i>Oenotheraceae.</i> Jussieua linifolia Vahl</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_397">397</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_117">117.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_117"><i>Halorrhagaceae.</i> Laurembergia repens Berg</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_400">400</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_118">118.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_118"><i>Araliaceae.</i> Cussonia spicata Thunb.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_401">401</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_119">119.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_119"><i>Umbelliferae.</i> Annesorrhiza capensis Cham. et Schlechtd.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_414">414</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_120">120.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_120"><i>Ericaceae.</i> Philippia Chamissonis Klotzsch</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_415">415</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_121">121.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_121"><i>Myrsinaceae.</i> Maesa lanceolata Forsk.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_418">418</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_122">122.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_122"><i>Primulaceae.</i> Ardisiandra sibthorpioides Hook.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_419">419</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_123">123.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_123"><i>Plumbaginaceae.</i> Dyerophyton africanum (Lam.) O. Ktze.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_420">420</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_124">124.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_124"><i>Sapotaceae.</i> Mimusops Kummel Bruce</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_421">421</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_125">125.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_125"><i>Ebenaceae.</i> Maba buxifolia (Rottb.) Pers.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_424">424</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_126">126.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_126"><i>Oleaceae.</i> Schrebera alata Welw.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_425">425</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_127">127.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_127"><i>Loganiaceae.</i> Nuxia Autunesii Gilg</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_428">428</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_128">128.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_128"><i>Gentianaceae.</i> Chironia transvaalensis Gilg</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_429">429</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_129">129.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_129"><i>Apocynaceae.</i> Clitandra Arnoldiana De Wild.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_440">440</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_130">130.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_130"><i>Asclepiadaceae.</i> Tacazzea venosa (Hochst.) Decne</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_441">441</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_131">131.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_131"><i>Convolvulaceae.</i> Jacquemontia capitata Don</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_462">462</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_132">132.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_132"><i>Borraginaceae.</i> Cordia senegalensis Juss.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_463">463</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_133">133.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_133"><i>Verbenaceae.</i> Clerodendron formicarum Guerke</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_470">470</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_134">134.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_134"><i>Labiatae.</i> Plectranthus madagascariensis Benth.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_471">471</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_135">135.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_135"><i>Solanaceae.</i> Discopodium penninervium Hochst.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_482">482</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_136">136.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_136"><i>Scrophulariaceae.</i> Chaenostoma Burkeanum (Benth.) Wettst.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_483">483</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_137">137.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_137"><i>Bignoniaceae.</i> Kigelia aethiopica Decne</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_496">496</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_138">138.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_138"><i>Pedaliaceae.</i> Sesamum angolense Welw.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_497">497</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_139">139.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_139"><i>Orobanchaceae.</i> Cistanche lutea Link et Hoffmsg.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_500">500</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_140">140.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_140"><i>Gesneraceae.</i> Streptocarpus Cooperi Clarke</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_501">501</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_141">141.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_141"><i>Lentibulariaceae.</i> Utricularia livida E. Mey.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_502">502</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_142">142.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_142"><i>Acanthaceae.</i> Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) Lindau</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_503">503</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_143">143.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_143"><i>Plantaginaceae.</i> Plantago palmata Hook. f.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_516">516</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_144">144.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_144"><i>Rubiaceae.</i> Pavetta lasiorrhachis K. Schum.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_517">517</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_145">145.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_145"><i>Caprifoliaceae.</i> Viburnum rugosum Pers.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_532">532</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_146">146.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_146"><i>Valerianaceae.</i> Valeriana capensis Vahl</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_533">533</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_147">147.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_147"><i>Dipsacaceae.</i> Cephalaria rigida (Spreng.) Schrad.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_534">534</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_148">148.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_148"><i>Cucurbitaceae.</i> Momordica Charantia L.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_535">535</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_149">149.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_149"><i>Campanulaceae.</i> Lightfootia subulata L’Her.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_544">544</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="rt"><a href="#plt_150">150.</a></td><td class="pdd"><a href="#plt_150"><i>Compositae.</i> Vernonia Baumii O. Hoffm.</a></td><td class="rtb"><a href="#page_545">545</a></td></tr> -</table> - -<h2>MAP</h2> - -<p class="c"> -<span class="smcap">Map of Africa</span>, 1:49,000,000, with list of floral regions and provinces.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_1">{1}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="KEY_TO_THE_FAMILIES"></a>KEY TO THE FAMILIES</h2> - -<h2><a id="EMBRYOPHYTA_SIPHONOGAMA"></a>EMBRYOPHYTA SIPHONOGAMA<br /><br /> -<small>(PHANEROGAMAE)</small></h2> - -<p class="nind"> -1. Ovules naked, borne on a floral axis without carpels, or on open carpels -without a stigma. Perianth simple or none. Flowers unisexual. Stem<br /> -woody. [Subdivision <b>GYMNOSPERMAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovules encased in the ovary formed by stigma-bearing carpels and nearly -always closed to the top, rarely (<i>Resedaceae</i>) open above. [Subdivision<br /> -<b>ANGIOSPERMAE</b>.] <span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaves pinnately compound or dissected, forming a crown at the top of the -stem. Stem simple or scantily branched towards the top. Juice mucilaginous. -Perianth none. Stamens with numerous pollen-sacs. Embryo -with 2 more or less connate cotyledons. [Class CYCADALES.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>1. Cycadaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided, scattered along the branches of the stem, rarely (<i>Gnetaceae</i>) -leaves 2, arising from the top of an undivided turnip-shaped stem -and sometimes splitting lengthwise. Stamens with 1-9 pollen-sacs.<br /> -Embryo with 2-15 free cotyledons<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Perianth present. Juice not resinous. Leaves not needle-shaped. Shrubs.<br /> -[Class GNETALES.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>4. Gnetaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth absent. Juice resinous, rarely scarcely so, but then leaves needle-shaped.<br /> -Leaves needle- or scale-shaped. [Class CONIFERAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Seeds overtopping the fleshy or rudimentary carpels and surrounded by a -fleshy aril. Carpels with 1 ovule<span class="spc">  </span><b>2. Taxaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds concealed between the carpels, without an aril. Carpels usually with<br /> -2 or more ovules<span class="spc">  </span><b>3. Pinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -5. (1.) Embryo with a single cotyledon, rarely undivided. Vascular bundles -scattered in the stem. Leaves usually parallel-veined (net-veined in -many <i>Araceae Dioscoreaceae</i> and <i>Taccaceae</i> and a few <i>Hydrocharitaceae<br /> -Liliaceae</i> and <i>Orchidaceae</i>), generally narrow entire and sessile with a -dilated base. Flowers usually 3-merous. [Class MONOCOTYLEDONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Embryo with 2 cotyledons, rarely with only one well-developed cotyledon -or undivided. Vascular bundles of the stem nearly always disposed in<br /> -a cylinder. Leaves usually net-veined, rarely sessile with a dilated base -and a narrow entire blade. Flowers usually 4- or 5-merous. [Class<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_2">{2}</a></span>DICOTYLEDONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth wanting or rudimentary, that is, reduced to small, hypogynous, free -or partially-united scales, rarely (<i>Potamogetonaceae</i>) replaced by sepaloid -appendages of the connective.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Perianth well developed, calyx- or corolla-like or consisting of calyx and -corolla, rarely (<i>Eriocaulaceae</i> and <i>Restionaceae</i>) wanting in the female -flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers in the axils of membranous or more or less dry bracts (glumes) in -spikelets consisting of one or several flowers and one or several empty -glumes and nearly always arranged in spikes, racemes, panicles, or heads.<br /> -Land-, marsh-, or freshwater-plants. Carpel solitary, with a single basal -or laterally attached ovule<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spadices with a fleshy rachis and surrounded by one or several -spathes, more rarely solitary or in glomerules, heads, or spikes; in the -latter case (<i>Potamogetonaceae</i>) saltwater<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Embryo enclosed in the lower part of the albumen. Seed and ovule attached -at the base, free from the pericarp and the wall of the ovary. Style 1, -with 1-3 stigmas. Anthers usually affixed at the base. Sheaths of -the cauline and inner radical leaves closed all round, usually without a -ligule. Stem usually triangular solid and without nodes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>17. Cyperaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Embryo outside the albumen, at its base. Seed and ovule attached laterally, -but often near the base, usually adnate to the pericarp or the wall of the -ovary. Style 1, with 1-6 stigmas, or styles 2. Anthers usually affixed -at the back. Sheaths of the leaves nearly always split on one side and -ending in a ligule. Stem usually cylindrical and hollow between the nodes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>16. Gramineae.</b><br /> -<br /> -9. Plants without differentiation into stem and leaves, consisting of small -floating leaf- or granule-like shoots. Flowers 2-3 together in cavities -of the shoots<span class="spc">  </span><b>20. Lemnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Plants differentiated into stem and leaves<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers solitary or in glomerules in the axils of the leaves. Carpel solitary. <i>Naias</i>, <b>9. Naiadaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes, spadices, or heads, rarely (<i>Potamogetonaceae</i>) solitary or -in glomerules, but then several separate carpels<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Male flowers in panicles, female in heads or spadices. Flowers dioecious.<br /> -Leaves narrow, usually serrate or prickly. Stem usually woody. <i>Pandanus</i>, <b>6. Pandanaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Male or all flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or cymes<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Flowers in globose heads <i>Sparganium</i>, <b>7. Sparganiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in spikes, spadices, or cymes<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Ovaries several, separate, rarely ovary solitary, and then marine plants, -very rarely freshwater-plants with hermaphrodite flowers. If flowers -in spadices or spikes, then hermaphrodite or polygamous with 1 or several -one-ovuled ovaries<span class="spc">  </span><b>8. Potamogetonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_3">{3}</a></span>Ovary solitary. Land-, marsh-, or freshwater-plants; the latter with unisexual -flowers. Flowers in spadices, unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite, -but then with a several-ovuled ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers monoecious; male inflorescence, at least when young, separated -from the female by a deciduous spathe. Flowers usually surrounded by -hairs. Ovule 1, pendulous. Seed-coat not fleshy. <i>Typha</i>, <b>5. Typhaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual; if monoecious, then male inflorescence -in uninterrupted connexion with the female, or separated from it by an -empty interval or by barren flowers, but not by a spathe. Seed-coat -fleshy.<span class="spc">  </span><b>19. Araceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -15. (6.) Ovary superior.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior or half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -16. Carpel solitary or carpels connate and forming a single entire or slightly -lobed ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Carpels several, separate or cohering only at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -17. Perianth calyx-like, sometimes slightly coloured, but firmly membranous -or leathery, or differentiated by size or coalescence into an inner and -an outer whorl of segments, all of which are sepaloid.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Perianth corolla-like or consisting of outer sepaloid and inner petaloid segments.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -18. Leaves folded in the bud, subsequently splitting into pinnately or palmately -disposed segments, rarely only 2-cleft. Stem woody, but sometimes -very short. Flowers in spadices or panicles with spathes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>18. Palmae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided, rarely divided, but then not folded and springing from a -herbaceous stem.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Flowers in spadices with a spathe forming sometimes a continuation of the -stem.<span class="spc">  </span><b>19. Araceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers not in spadices.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Stamen 1. Ovule 1, erect. Stigmas several. Flowers solitary or in -glomerules in the axils of the leaves. <i>Naias</i>, <b>9. Naiadaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary with 1 ascending ovule in each cell and -with several sessile stigmas. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbuminous. <i>Triglochin</i>, <b>11. Scheuchzeriaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers turned inwards. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Anthers 1-celled. Flowers unisexual, in spikelets usually arranged in spikes -or panicles. Perianth dry. Stamens 2-3. Ovary with 1 pendulous -ovule in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span><b>22. Restionaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. If flowers unisexual and in spikelets, then perianth not -dry.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Flowers monoecious, in heads surrounded by an involucre. Ovary with<br /> -1 pendulous ovule in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span><b>25. Eriocaulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous, or dioecious.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_4">{4}</a></span>24. Style 1 with 3 long and thin stigmas. Perianth dry. Leaves linear.<span class="spc">  </span><b>31. Juncaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style 1 with 3 thick or short stigmas or with a single stigma, or styles 3.<br /> -Perianth usually herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>32. Liliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -25. (17.) Perianth corolla-like. Usually ovules inverted and embryo or its -radicle placed next to the hilum, more rarely ovules straight and embryo -or its radicle remote from the hilum, and then albumen fleshy or cartilaginous.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Perianth differentiated into calyx and corolla. Ovules straight. Embryo -small, remote from the hilum. Albumen more or less mealy.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -26. Seeds with mealy albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with fleshy or cartilaginous albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -27. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. Seeds with a large embryo enclosed in -the albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>29. Pontederiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell. Seeds with a small embryo appressed to the -albumen. Perianth white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Anthers opening lengthwise. Stigmas<br /> -3. Fruit a berry. Stem climbing. Leaves scattered, ending in -tendrils. Flowers in panicles. <i>Flagellaria</i>, <b>21. Flagellariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments united below into a tube. Anthers opening by apical -pores. Stigma 1. Fruit a capsule. Stem erect. Leaves all radical.<br /> -Flowers in heads. <i>Maschalocephalus</i>, <b>26. Rapateaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -29. Stamens 3. Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell. Perianth yellow.<span class="spc">  </span><b>33. Haemodoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6 or more, rarely 3, but then ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Anthers opening at the apex. Stamens affixed to the perianth. Ovary -adnate to the perianth at the base. Ovules numerous in each cell.<br /> -Perianth blue. Leaves linear or lanceolate. <i>Walleria</i>, <b>34. Amaryllidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening lengthwise, rarely at the apex, but then stamens (at least -some of them) and ovary free from the perianth.<span class="spc">  </span><b>32. Liliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -31. (25.) Ovary 2-3-celled. Fertile stamens 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span><b>28. Commelinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Fertile stamens 3. Flowers in heads, short spikes, or umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Sepals 3, subequal. Anthers opening by a terminal lid. Staminodes none.<br /> -Stigma 1. Leaves scattered. Flowers in umbels. <i>Mayaca</i>, <b>23. Mayacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 3, very unequal, or 2. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Staminodes<br /> -3. Stigmas 3. Leaves all radical. Flowers in heads or spikes. <i>Xyris</i>, <b>24. Xyridaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -33. (16.) Leaves divided. Woody plants. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>18. Palmae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided. Herbaceous plants.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Plants without green colour, growing upon mould. Leaves reduced to scales.<br /> -Perianth of 6 petaloid segments. Seeds albuminous. <i>Sciaphila</i>, <b>15. Triuridaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Plants of green colour, growing in the water. Leaves well developed.<br /> -Perianth of 6 segments differentiated into sepals and petals, or of 1-3<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_5">{5}</a></span>segments. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Perianth consisting of 1-3 coloured segments. <i>Aponogeton</i>, <b>10. Aponogetonaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of 6 segments more or less distinctly differentiated into -sepals and petals, rarely in the female flowers only of 3 greenish segments.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Ovules numerous, covering the whole inner surface of the carpels.<span class="spc">  </span><b>13. Butomaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-2, rarely more, and then all inserted at the upper suture of the -carpels.<span class="spc">  </span><b>12. Alismataceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -37. (15.) Stamen 1. Flowers irregular.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-18. Flowers usually regular.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -38. Staminodes small or wanting. Ovary 1-celled with numerous ovules.<br /> -Style adnate to the filament. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves usually -with longitudinal nervation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>44. Orchidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Staminodes, at least some of them, petal-like. Ovary 1-celled with a single -ovule or more frequently 3-celled. Seeds albuminous. Leaves with -pinnate nervation.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Anthers 2-celled. Sepals united below. Flowers symmetrical.<span class="spc">  </span><b>40. Zingiberaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 1-celled. Sepals free. Flowers asymmetrical.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Ovules several or many in each ovary-cell. Seeds with straight embryo.<br /> -Leaf-stalk not thickened. <i>Canna</i>, <b>41. Cannaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules solitary in each cell. Seeds with curved embryo. Leaf-stalk thickened -towards the apex or throughout its whole length.<span class="spc">  </span><b>42. Marantaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -41. Stamens 2-4, usually 3.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-18, usually 6.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -42. Perianth-segments sepal-like or the outer sepal-, the inner petal-like. Ovary<br /> -1-celled, sometimes incompletely 6-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Water -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>14. Hydrocharitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments petal-like. Ovary usually 3-celled. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -Land- or marsh-plants.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Stamens opposite the outer perianth-segments. Anthers opening outwards -or laterally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>38. Iridaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternating with the outer or with all perianth-segments. Anthers -opening inwards or laterally.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Leaves well developed, green. Inner perianth-segments about equalling -the outer. Anthers opening lengthwise. Stigmas 3, linear, or stigma -single.<span class="spc">  </span><b>33. Haemodoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves scale-like, not green, rarely well-developed and green, but then inner -perianth-segments much smaller than the outer or wanting, anthers -provided with an enlarged connective and opening transversely, and -stigmas 3, short and thick.<span class="spc">  </span><b>43. Burmanniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -45. Ovary incompletely 6-15-celled with 6-15 stigmas, more rarely completely<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_6">{6}</a></span>1-celled with 3 stigmas. Perianth consisting of calyx and corolla, more -rarely only of 3 petal-like segments. Water-plants with submerged or -floating leaves.<span class="spc">  </span><b>14. Hydrocharitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled, rarely 1-celled, but then stigmas 6. Perianth usually of 6 -petaloid segments. Land-plants.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Ovary 1-celled. Style umbrella-shaped, 6-lobed. <i>Tacca</i>, <b>36. Taccaceae</b>.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Ovules in each ovary-cell 2, one above the other. Flowers unisexual, regular.<br /> -Stem climbing.<span class="spc">  </span><b>37. Dioscoreaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules in each ovary-cell 1, 2 side by side, or more. Flowers hermaphrodite, -rarely unisexual but irregular.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -48. Perianth distinctly differentiated into calyx and corolla. Leaves toothed.<br /> -Inflorescence spadix-like. <i>Ananas</i>, <b>27. Bromeliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth more or less corolla-like.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -49. Flowers distinctly irregular, in fascicles usually arranged in spikes or racemes.<br /> -Stamens 5, rarely 6. Seeds with more or less mealy albumen. Leaves -with pinnate nervation. Tall plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>39. Musaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so. Stamens 6 or more. Seeds with fleshy or -cartilaginous albumen. Leaves nearly always with longitudinal nervation.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Flowers solitary, terminal. No bulb or tuber; usually a short woody trunk.<br /> -Placentas much projecting, thickened, shield-shaped. <i>Barbacenia</i>, <b>35. Velloziaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels, spikes, racemes, or panicles, more rarely solitary, but -then underground stem a bulb or a tuber. Placentas not much projecting -and thickened.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Ovary half-inferior, with 2 basal ovules in each cell. Anthers opening at -the apex. Seeds with a large embryo adjoining the albumen. Flowers -in racemes or panicles. <i>Cyanastrum</i>, <b>30. Cyanastraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior, rarely half-inferior, but then with more than two ovules in -each cell. Seeds with a small embryo enclosed in the albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>34. Amaryllidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -52. (5.) Perianth wanting or simple or consisting of a calyx and a choripetalous -corolla; petals, if present, free, more rarely cohering at the apex or in -the middle, but free at the base. [Subclass <span class="smcap">Archichlamydeae</span>.]<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of a calyx and a sympetalous corolla; petals more or -less united, at least at the base. [Subclass <span class="smcap">Metachlamydeae</span> or<br /> -<span class="smcap">Sympetalae</span>.]<span class="spc">  </span>551<br /> -<br /> -53. Perianth wanting or simple, that is, consisting of similar segments, more rarely -of 2-7 somewhat dissimilar ones without a distinct differentiation -into sepals and petals. [<span class="smcap">Apetalae</span>.]<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -Perianth differentiated into calyx and corolla, more rarely consisting of 8 -or more slightly dissimilar segments not distinctly separated into sepals -and petals. [<span class="smcap">Choripetalae</span>.]<span class="spc">  </span>188<br /> -<br /> -54. Perianth absent in the hermaphrodite and female flowers, but sometimes<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_7">{7}</a></span>replaced by bracteoles. Ovary naked.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -Perianth present in the hermaphrodite and female flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -55. Ovary completely 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-4-celled, at least in its lower half.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -56. Ovule solitary, rarely (<i>Balanophoraceae</i>) ovules 3.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous, rarely (<i>Casuarinaceae</i>) 2.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -57. Ovule basal or attached by a basal funicle.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -Ovule apical or adnate to the wall of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -58. Ovule straight.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -Ovule incurved or inverted.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -59. Flowers in fascicles, the male with a perianth. Stamens 1-5. Stigma 1.<br /> -Fruit dry. Seed albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>54. Urticaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes, the male without a perianth, but sometimes with 2-6 -bracteoles. Stamens 2-12. Fruit succulent.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Flowers unisexual. Stigmas 2, thread-like. Fruit a drupe. Seed exalbuminous.<br /> -Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves without stipules. <i>Myrica</i>, <b>48. Myricaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, more rarely unisexual, but then -leaves stipulate. Fruit a berry. Seed with copious albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>46. Piperaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -61. Ovule incurved. Stigmas 2-5. Seed with curved embryo. Flowers -usually in glomerule-, or spike-like cymes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>67. Chenopodiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovule inverted. Stigmas 1-2. Seed with straight embryo. Flowers -usually in heads.<span class="spc">  </span><b>226. Compositae.</b><br /> -<br /> -62. Leaves well-developed, stipulate. Green plants. Ovule solitary, free.<span class="spc">  </span><b>53. Moraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves scale-like. Coloured (not green) herbaceous plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>62. Balanophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -63. (56.) Ovules 2, ascending, straight. Male flowers with a 2-parted perianth.<br /> -Stamen 1. Fruit a nut. Trees or shrubs. Leaves whorled, scale-like.<br /> -Male flowers in spikes, female in heads. <i>Casuarina</i>, <b>45. Casuarinaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous, inverted. Male flowers without a perianth, but sometimes -with a disc. Fruit a capsule. Leaves well developed. Flowers -in spikes or catkins.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -64. Flowers with a disc sometimes replaced by scales. Stamens 2 or more.<br /> -Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>47. Salicaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers without a disc. Stamen 1 (or stamens 2 with united filaments.)<br /> -Aquatic herbs. <i>Hydrostachys</i>, <b>94. Hydrostachyaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -65. (55.) Ovary 2-celled at the base, with 1 ovule in each incomplete cell. Styles<br /> -2. Stamens 4. Trees or shrubs. Flowers in spikes or catkins.<span class="spc">  </span><b>50. Betulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 2-4-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -66. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_8">{8}</a></span>Male flowers without a perianth.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -67. Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules with a double coat. <b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-celled. Ovules with a single coat. Styles 2. Stamen 1. Male -flowers without a perianth. Fruit a drupe. Herbs. Leaves opposite. <i>Callitriche</i>, <b>123. Callitrichaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -68. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style 1, with 2 stigmas. Stamens<br /> -2. Fruit a nut. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. <i>Fraxinus</i>, <b>197. Oleaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-4-celled with numerous ovules in each cell. Styles 3-4. Stamens<br /> -3-8. Fruit a capsule or a schizocarp. Leaves undivided, stipulate. <i>Myrothamnus</i>, <b>99. Myrothamnaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -69. (54.) Ovary superior or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior to half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>153<br /> -<br /> -70. Ovary 1, entire or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries 2 or more, distinct or united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>146<br /> -<br /> -71. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely chambered.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -72. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -73. Ovule erect or ascending or attached by a basal funicle.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -74. Ovule straight.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -Ovule incurved or inverted.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -75. Style 1 or none; stigma solitary or stigmas 2 or more, contiguous at the -base. Stamens 1-12.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-4, free or united at the base; stigmas not contiguous at the base.<br /> -Stamens 4-50.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -76. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Seed -with fleshy albumen. Shrubs or trees. Leaves without stipules. <i>Exocarpus</i>, <b>56. Santalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous, but then herbs and stigma penicillate.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Leaves exstipulate. Stamens 2-12. Stigmas 2. Seed without albumen. <i>Myrica</i>, <b>48. Myricaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then stigma 1. Stamens 1-5.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Stamens straight in bud. Juice milky. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>53. Moraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens incurved in bud. Juice not milky.<span class="spc">  </span><b>54. Urticaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -79. Leaves simple, entire toothed lobed or cleft, with a stem-clasping sheath -at the base. Seed with copious mealy albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>66. Polygonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound, exstipulate. Stamens 5. Seed without albumen. <i>Pistacia</i>, <b>127. Anacardiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -80. (74.) Ovule incurved. Embryo distinctly curved; albumen usually -mealy.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -Ovule inverted. Embryo straight or nearly so; albumen usually fleshy<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_9">{9}</a></span>or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -81. Perianth-segments 6, petal-like, free. Stamens 8-10. Style 3-4-cleft.<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Spiny trees. <i>Didierea</i>, <b>134. Sapindaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments 1-5.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -82. Perianth with valvate and folded aestivation, lobed, enlarged in fruit.<br /> -Stamens hypogynous, united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>69. Nyctaginaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth with imbricate or open aestivation, rarely with valvate not folded -aestivation; in the latter case deeply divided.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -83. Stamens 1-10, perigynous, rarely (<i>Queria</i>) 10, hypogynous. Stipules -present, rarely absent, and then leaves opposite and styles 2-3.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 1-5, hypogynous or nearly so, rarely distinctly perigynous, but -then stipules wanting and leaves alternate or style 1.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -84. Stamens as many as the perianth-segments or one less (3-5), alternating -with them, hypogynous. Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the perianth-segments or one less, but opposite to them, -or considerably fewer, or in greater number. Leaves without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -85. Flowers in cymes, 5-merous. Perianth membranous. Embryo hooked.<br /> -Leaves whorled, usually stipulate. <i>Adenogramma</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or racemes, with bracteoles. Perianth herbaceous.<br /> -Embryo nearly ring-shaped. Leaves alternate, usually exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>71. Phytolaccaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -86. Perianth more or less scarious or papery. Seed albuminous; embryo -ring- or horseshoe-shaped. Flowers with bracteoles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>68. Amarantaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth more or less herbaceous or membranous. Stigmas 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span><b>67. Chenopodiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -87. (80.) Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -88. Leaves opposite, undivided. Stamens 2-5. Seed albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Seed exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -89. Stem herbaceous. Flowers in heads, unisexual. Stamens as many as -and alternate with the perianth-segments. Stigmas 2 in the female -flowers. Seed exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>226. Compositae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Stigma 1.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -90. Perianth with imbricate aestivation. Stamens numerous, free or nearly -so. Seed exalbuminous. <i>Calophyllum</i>, <b>149. Guttiferae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Stamens attached to the perianth, as many as its segments, 4, rarely 5; -filaments free. Seed exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -Stamens free from the perianth, as many as its segments or more often in -greater number; filaments more or less united. Seed albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_10">{10}</a></span>92. Stamens opposite the perianth-segments. Flowers in spikes or heads.<span class="spc">  </span><b>55. Proteaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternate with the perianth-segments. Flowers solitary or in -fascicles. <i>Elaeagnus</i>, <b>172. Elaeagnaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -93. Stamens 5-15; filaments united at the base only. Anthers opening -laterally. Perianth 5-toothed. Style slender. Seed without an aril; -embryo large. <i>Pisonia</i>, <b>69. Nyctaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens very numerous or with the filaments united throughout their -length. Anthers opening outwards. Perianth 2-4-, rarely 5-lobed.<br /> -Seed with an aril; embryo small.<span class="spc">  </span><b>82. Myristicaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -94. (73.) Ovule straight.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -Ovule incurved or inverted.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -95. Perianth 4-parted. Stamens 4. Seed without albumen. Shrubs or trees.<br /> -Flowers in spikes or heads.<span class="spc">  </span><b>55. Proteaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth 9-12-parted. Stamens 12-16. Seed with a thin albumen.<br /> -Herbs. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves. <i>Ceratophyllum</i>, <b>77. Ceratophyllaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -96. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -97. Leaves compound, but sometimes with one leaflet only. Ovary tightly -enclosed by the perianth. Seed exalbuminous. Herbs, undershrubs, -or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple, but sometimes (<i>Moraceae</i>) dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -98. Anthers 3-4-celled. Seed albuminous. <i>Macaranga</i>, <b>122. Euphorbiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. Seed usually exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -99. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Stamens straight in the bud. Shrubs -or trees. Juice not milky.<span class="spc">  </span><b>52. Ulmaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes, racemes, panicles, or heads, or inserted upon a dilated -and often concave receptacle, rarely in fascicles, but then stamens bent -inwards in the bud. Shrubs or trees with a milky juice or herbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>53. Moraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -100. Anthers opening by valves. Perianth-segments 4 or 6. Seed without -albumen. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>84. Lauraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -101. Stamens numerous. Flowers unisexual. Seed with copious fleshy albumen.<br /> -Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>83. Monimiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-10.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Style simple. Seed with a straight embryo and a fleshy albumen or without -albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>171. Thymelaeaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles 2. Seed with a curved embryo and mealy albumen. Flowers in -panicles. <i>Galenia</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -103. (72.) Ovules basal or inserted upon a central placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -Ovules parietal or suspended from the apex of the cell.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -104. Perianth of 2-3 minute scales. Ovules numerous, inserted upon a central -placenta. Water-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>93. Podostemonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 4-5 segments.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_11">{11}</a></span>105. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 4-merous. Ovules 2. Stigma 1.<br /> -Seeds without albumen; embryo straight. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. <i>Empleurum</i>, <b>115</b>. <b>Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with mealy albumen; embryo more or -less curved. Usually herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -106. Leaves alternate. Stamens 5.<span class="spc">  </span><b>68. Amarantaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -107. Stigma 1, rarely stigmas 2, and then ovules 2-4. Stamens 5 or more, -perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 3-5, more rarely 2, but then ovules numerous or stamens 1-3.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -108. (103.) Ovules 2, suspended side by side from the apex of the cell or from<br /> -a central placenta. Fruit drupaceous, usually one-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2, one above the other, or more than 2, affixed to one or more -parietal placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -109. Stamens as many as, and alternate with the perianth-segments. Leaves -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>132. Icacinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as, and opposite the perianth-segments, or in greater -number.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -110. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -111. Stamens very numerous. Perianth 4-5-parted. Flowers fascicled. <i>Guya</i>, <b>159. Flacourtiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-8, rarely more, but then perianth 6-8-parted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -112. Ovules 2 or more, attached to a single placenta. Stamens more or less -perigynous. Fruit a legume. Leaves compound or reduced to the -dilated foot-stalk, usually stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more, attached to 2 or more placentas, rarely to a single one, -but then fruit a berry and leaves simple and undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -113. Style simple, or a sessile stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -Styles, style-branches, or sessile stigmas 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -114. Perianth-segments imbricate in bud. Stamens 10 or more. Ovary -sessile. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments valvate in bud, more rarely imbricate, but then ovary -stalked. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -115. Stamens more or less perigynous. Ovary sessile or short-stalked.<br /> -Perianth-segments valvate in bud. Leaves exstipulate. Seeds with -straight embryo.<span class="spc">  </span><b>173. Lythraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens hypogynous, more rarely perigynous, but then ovary long-stalked -and leaves stipulate. Seeds with curved embryo.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -116. Ovary at first open at the apex. Styles or sessile stigmas 3, free. Stamens<br /> -10-30. Perianth 5-6-cleft about halfway down. Seeds exalbuminous;<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_12">{12}</a></span>embryo curved. <i>Ochradenus</i>, <b>89. Resedaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary closed. Stamens 4 or more; if 10 or more, then perianth deeply -divided.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -<br /> -117. Stamens as many as perianth-segments, 4-6, surrounded by a corona.<br /> -Styles 3, free or united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>161. Passifloraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than perianth-segments, 6-40. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -118. (71.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>129<br /> -<br /> -119. Ovules erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>124<br /> -<br /> -120. Style 1, with 1-3 stigmas. Stamens inserted within the disc or at its -edge. Flowers polygamous or unisexual. Seeds albuminous. Leaves -pinnate, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>134. Sapindaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-10, free or united below. Seeds albuminous, rarely exalbuminous, -but then leaves stipulate. Leaves undivided or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -121. Perianth-segments 3 or 6. Stamens 3. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.<br /> -Dwarf shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>125. Empetraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments 4-5. Stamens 4 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -122. Seeds with straight embryo. Fruit drupaceous. Styles 2-4, united -below. Stamens 4-5, perigynous. Perianth valvate in bud. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves stipulate, alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>137. Rhamnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds with curved embryo and mealy albumen. Fruit dry, rarely baccate.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs, but then leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -123. Flowers solitary or in cymes. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or racemes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>71. Phytolaccaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -124. Stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>125<br /> -<br /> -Stamens perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span>127<br /> -<br /> -125. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 4. Stamens 2, 4, or 6.<br /> -Ovary-cells 2. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo curved. Herbs. Leaves -exstipulate. <i>Lepidium</i>, <b>88. Cruciferae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite, but then perianth-segments 5, -ovary-cells 5, and leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>126<br /> -<br /> -126. Flowers unisexual. Leaves simple or palmately compound. Ovary -usually 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, but then leaves pinnate and -ovary surrounded by large scales. Ovary 5-celled. Leaves compound, -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>113. Zygophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -127. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Perianth of the male flowers consisting -of calyx and corolla, that of the female and hermaphrodite flowers -simple, valvate in bud. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Fruit capsular.<br /> -Embryo straight. Leaves stipulate. <i>Trichocladus</i>, <b>101. Hamamelidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth simple. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>128<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_13">{13}</a></span>128. Style and stigma simple. Embryo straight. Shrubs. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>171. Thymelaeaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles or stigmas 2-5. Embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -129. (118.) Flowers unisexual or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>130<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>136<br /> -<br /> -130. Stamens 2. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style 1, with 2 -stigmas. Perianth 4-partite. Flowers polygamous. Leaves opposite, -pinnate, exstipulate. Trees. <i>Fraxinus</i>, <b>197. Oleaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3 or more, rarely 2, but then flowers unisexual. Leaves simple -or digitate, rarely pinnate, but then alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>131<br /> -<br /> -131. Leaves with a pitcher-shaped appendage. Style absent; stigma 4-partite.<br /> -Ovary 4-celled with numerous ovules in each cell. <i>Nepenthes</i>, <b>91. Nepenthaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves without pitchers. Style present.<span class="spc">  </span>132<br /> -<br /> -132. Style 1, with 2-6 stigmas. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate, -without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span><b>134. Sapindaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles 2 or more, free at the base, towards the apex, or throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>133<br /> -<br /> -133. Perianth-segments valvate in bud, united below. Filaments united.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments imbricate or open in bud, rarely valvate, but then free -and filaments also free.<span class="spc">  </span>134<br /> -<br /> -134. Ovules with ventral raphe, 2 in a cell. Fruit usually opening septicidally -and loculicidally. Leaves usually stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules with dorsal raphe. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>135<br /> -<br /> -135. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 4-6. Ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules in -each cell. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Leaves opposite, without -stipules.<span class="spc">  </span><b>124. Buxaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Stamens 10 or more. Fruit a berry -or a drupe. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -136. (129.) Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous or -nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>137<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments evidently united. Stamens usually perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span>142<br /> -<br /> -137. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>138<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout its length.<span class="spc">  </span>140<br /> -<br /> -138. Perianth-segments 2-3. Stamens 1-4. Water-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>93. Podostemonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments 4-5. Land-plants. Seeds with curved embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>139<br /> -<br /> -139. Perianth-segments 4. Stamens 1-6. Ovary-cells 2. Style 1. Seeds -exalbuminous. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments 5. Ovary-cells 3-7. Styles 3-7. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -140. Ovary long-stalked. Perianth-segments 2-4, valvate or imbricate in -bud; in the latter case stamens 4-8. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo -curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary sessile or short-stalked. Stamens 10 or more. Seeds albuminous; -embryo straight.<span class="spc">  </span>141<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_14">{14}</a></span>141. Perianth-segments 5, valvate in bud. <i>Grewia</i>, <b>141. Tiliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments; 3-8, imbricate or open in bud.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -142. (136.) Styles or sessile stigmas 2-5. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style 1 or a sessile stigma. Seeds exalbuminous or with a straight embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>143<br /> -<br /> -143. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 1-2. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>144<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas or stigma-lobes 4. Ovules 2-4 in each ovary-cell. Flowers<br /> -4-merous. Leaves opposite, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>145<br /> -<br /> -144. Stamens 1-16. Ovary sessile or short-stalked. Embryo straight.<br /> -Leaves without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span><b>173. Lythraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens very numerous. Ovary long-stalked. Embryo curved. Leaves -alternate, with small stipules. <i>Maerua</i>, <b>87. Capparidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -145. Perianth with valvate aestivation. Stamens 4. Ovules ascending, at -least the lower ones. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>169. Penaeaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Perianth with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 8. Ovules pendulous.<br /> -Seeds albuminous. <i>Geissoloma</i>, <b>168. Geissolomataceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -146. (70.) Ovules solitary in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>147<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>152<br /> -<br /> -147. Ovules erect, incurved. Perianth regular, 4-5-parted. Seeds with a -curved embryo and mealy albumen. Leaves undivided, without -stipules.<span class="spc">  </span>148<br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous or affixed laterally, rarely erect, but then perianth -irregular and strap-shaped or surrounded by an epicalyx.<span class="spc">  </span>149<br /> -<br /> -148. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Fruit succulent, baccate. <i>Phytolacca</i>, <b>71. Phytolaccaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in cymes. Fruit dry.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -149. Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>150<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments obviously united, at least in the female flowers. Stamens -usually perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span>151<br /> -<br /> -150. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as perianth-segments. Fruits -fleshy, drupaceous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>80. Menispermaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stamens usually more than -perianth-segments. Fruits usually dry.<span class="spc">  </span><b>78. Ranunculaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -151. Leaves undivided, exstipulate. Shrubs or trees. Flowers unisexual.<br /> -Stamens 10 or more. Seeds with copious albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>83. Monimiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves more or less deeply divided or compound, stipulate. Seeds without -albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -152. Perianth of 6 free segments, imbricate in bud. Stamens numerous, -free. Herbs. Leaves floating, peltate, exstipulate. <i>Brasenia</i>, <b>76. Nymphaeaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth 4-8-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens 4 or more, united at the -base. Trees. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaecae.</b><br /> -<br /> -153. (69.) Ovary 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>154<br /> -<br /> -Ovary, at least after fertilisation, completely or almost completely 2- or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_15">{15}</a></span>more-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>177<br /> -<br /> -154. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>155<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>167<br /> -<br /> -155. Ovule erect, ascending, attached by an erect funicle, or adnate to the -ovary-wall.<span class="spc">  </span>156<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>162<br /> -<br /> -156. Ovule adnate to the ovary-wall. Style simple; stigma entire. Stamens -as many as and opposite the perianth-segments. Perianth valvate -in bud. Leaves without stipules. Shrubs growing upon trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>61. Loranthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary free from the ovary-wall. Trees or shrubs growing on the ground, -or herbaceous plants.<span class="spc">  </span>157<br /> -<br /> -157. Ovule straight. Embryo straight. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as -many as and opposite the perianth-segments or more.<span class="spc">  </span>158<br /> -<br /> -Ovule incurved or inverted. Embryo curved, more rarely straight, but -then stamens as many as and alternating with the perianth-segments.<span class="spc">  </span>159<br /> -<br /> -158. Stamens 1-5. Leaves simple or digitate, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>54. Urticaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Stigmas 2. Trees. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. <i>Juglans</i>, <b>49. Juglandaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -159. Ovule inverted. Stamens as many as and alternating with the perianth-segments.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight.<span class="spc">  </span><b>226. Compositae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovule incurved. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments -or more. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>160<br /> -<br /> -160. Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments 2-4, valvate in bud. Stamens<br /> -10-30. Stigma 1. Fruit drupaceous. <i>Cynocrambe</i>, <b>70. Cynocrambaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 5, imbricate in bud. Stamens<br /> -5. Stigmas 2-5. Fruit opening by a lid or bursting irregularly.<span class="spc">  </span>161<br /> -<br /> -161. Style short, with long stigmas. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers -in spike- or panicle-like inflorescences. <i>Beta</i>, <b>67. Chenopodiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style long, with 2 short stigmas. Leaves opposite, linear, stipulate.<br /> -Flowers in heads. <i>Sclerocephalus</i>, <b>75. Caryophyllaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -162. (155.) Ovule straight. Style simple. Stamen 1. Flowers polygamous.<br /> -Reddish-brown herbs, parasitic upon roots. Leaves reduced to scales. <i>Cynomorium</i>, <b>184. Cynomoriaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule incurved or inverted. Green plants. Leaves well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>163<br /> -<br /> -163. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Stamens as many as and opposite the -perianth-segments or fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>164<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens as many as and alternate with the -perianth-segments or more. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>166<br /> -<br /> -164. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Flowers unisexual. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>53. Moraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by valves. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>165<br /> -<br /> -165. Flowers unisexual. Leaves penninerved. <i>Hypodaphnis</i>, <b>84. Lauraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_16">{16}</a></span>Flowers polygamous. Leaves palminerved. <i>Gyrocarpus</i>, <b>85. Hernandiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -166. Stamens 2. Styles 2. Embryo straight. Leaves radical. <i>Gunnera</i>, <b>183. Halorrhagaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-5. Styles 4, or a single style. Embryo curved. Leaves -alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>72. Aizoaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -167. (154.) Ovules 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>168<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>174<br /> -<br /> -168. Ovules adnate to the ovary-wall. Stamens 2-6. Shrubs parasitic on -the stem of trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>61. Loranthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules free from the ovary-wall. Plants growing on the ground or -parasitic upon roots.<span class="spc">  </span>169<br /> -<br /> -169. Ovules suspended from the apex of the ovary-cell. Stamens 8-10, -rarely 4-5. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in spikes, -racemes, or heads.<span class="spc">  </span><b>179. Combretaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules inserted on a central, sometimes subparietal, placenta. Seeds -albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>170<br /> -<br /> -170. Styles 4. Ovules 4. Stamens 4. Perianth of the male flowers consisting -of calyx and corolla. Herbs or undershrubs. <i>Laurembergia</i>, <b>183. Halorrhagaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Style 1. Perianth of all flowers simple.<span class="spc">  </span>171<br /> -<br /> -171. Stigma 6-10-lobed. Stamens 5. Albumen ruminate. Shrubs or trees. <i>Octoknema</i>, <b>60. Octoknemataceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma entire or 2-5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>172<br /> -<br /> -172. Stamens 8, twice as many as the perianth-segments. Embryo with -inferior radicle. Shrubs. Leaves opposite. <i>Grubbia</i>, <b>58. Grubbiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-6, as many as, or fewer than, the perianth-segments. Embryo -with superior radicle or undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>173<br /> -<br /> -173. Stem and leaves or scales green. Embryo with 2 cotyledons.<span class="spc">  </span><b>56. Santalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stem and leaves not green; stem herbaceous; leaves scale-like. Flowers -unisexual, in spikes or heads. Embryo without cotyledons.<span class="spc">  </span><b>62. Balanophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -174. (167.) Placentas apical. Style wanting. Stamens 3-4, united. Flowers -hermaphrodite. Stem herbaceous, not green, bearing neither leaves -nor scales. <i>Hydnora</i>, <b>65. Hydnoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Placentas parietal. Style present. Stem bearing leaves or scales.<span class="spc">  </span>175<br /> -<br /> -175. Filaments united, 8 or more. Style 1. Embryo without cotyledons.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves scale-like, not green. Flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span><b>64. Rafflesiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Filaments free. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Shrubs or trees. Leaves -well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>176<br /> -<br /> -176. Flowers unisexual. Perianth 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5. Style 1. <i>Grevea</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 7-8-parted. Stamens numerous.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_17">{17}</a></span>Styles 2-3. <i>Bembicia</i>. <b>159. Flacourtiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -177. (153.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>178<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>183<br /> -<br /> -178. Ovules erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>179<br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>180<br /> -<br /> -179. Leaves opposite or whorled. Perianth corolla-like. Ovary-cells and -styles 2. Embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>219. Rubiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Perianth calyx-like. Embryo straight.<span class="spc">  </span><b>137. Rhamnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -180. Perianth wanting in the male flowers. Stamens 4. Ovary almost completely<br /> -2-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs. Leaves stipulate. <i>Corylus</i>, <b>50. Betulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth present in all flowers. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs, -rarely shrubs or trees, but then, as usually, leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>181<br /> -<br /> -181. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in whorls, and then leaves stipulate.<br /> -Perianth-segments 5, alternating with as many stamens. Ovary-cells -and styles 2. Seeds with horny albumen; embryo small.<span class="spc">  </span><b>186. Umbelliferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles or in spikes. Leaves exstipulate.<br /> -Perianth-segments 4, rarely 3 or 5. Seeds with fleshy or mealy albumen.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>182<br /> -<br /> -182. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with a curved embryo and mealy albumen.<br /> -Leaves undivided. <i>Tetragonia</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Seeds with a -straight embryo and fleshy albumen. Leaves, at least the lower ones, -deeply divided. <i>Myriophyllum</i>, <b>183. Halorrhagaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -183. (177.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Styles 3-6. Perianth-segments -more or less united. Flowers unisexual, spicate. Leaves stipulate.<br /> -Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>51. Fagaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell, rarely (<i>Lecythidaceae</i>) 2-6, but then -style 1 and flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>184<br /> -<br /> -184. Perianth-segments obviously united below. Seeds albuminous. Leaves -without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span>185<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>186<br /> -<br /> -185. Flowers unisexual, in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles. Perianth -regular. Fruit a berry. Embryo without cotyledons. Herbs. Leaves -scale-like, not green. <i>Cytinus</i>, <b>64. Rafflesiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves.<br /> -Perianth irregular. Stamens adnate to the style. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Leaves well developed, green. <i>Aristolochia</i>, <b>63. Aristolochiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -186. Flowers unisexual, in cymes. Perianth irregular. Stamens numerous.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_18">{18}</a></span>Styles 2-6, free or united at the base. Leaves stipulate. <i>Begonia</i>, <b>165. Begoniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or in racemes or heads. Perianth -regular. Style 1, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>187<br /> -<br /> -187. Stamens 3-6. Leaves stipulate. Herbs. <i>Ludwigia</i>, <b>182. Oenotheraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Leaves exstipulate. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>176. Lecythidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -188. (53.) Ovary superior or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>189<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior to half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>481<br /> -<br /> -189. Ovary 1, entire or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>190<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries 2 or more, separate or united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>451<br /> -<br /> -190. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions or containing one -or more empty rudimentary cells besides the fertile one.<span class="spc">  </span>191<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, the partitions -sometimes not quite reaching the apex; or one cell only fertile, the others -empty but well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>273<br /> -<br /> -191. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>192<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>214<br /> -<br /> -192. Ovule erect or ascending or attached by a basal funicle.<span class="spc">  </span>193<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>205<br /> -<br /> -193. Leaves stipulate. Sepals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>194<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>198<br /> -<br /> -194. Stigma 1, entire.<span class="spc">  </span>195<br /> -<br /> -Stigma 1, five-lobed, or stigmas 2-3. Stamens 1-5, more or less distinctly -perigynous. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>197<br /> -<br /> -195. Flowers regular. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens<br /> -4-5, hypogynous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, undivided. <i>Dovera</i>, <b>131. Salvadoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers irregular, rarely regular, but then leaves alternate and corolla -with valvate aestivation or stamens more than 5. Stamens more or -less distinctly perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span>196<br /> -<br /> -196. Style basal or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens 9-10.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -197. Stigma 5-lobed. Calyx valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs -or trees. <i>Maesopsis</i>, <b>137. Rhamnaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 2-3. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -198. Sepals 2, free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>199<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 3-7, free or more or less united, or an entire calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>201<br /> -<br /> -199. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 8-10. Style 3-4-cleft. Trees. Leaves -undivided. <i>Didierea</i>, <b>134. Sapindaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 2-7. Herbs or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>200<br /> -<br /> -200. Corolla regular. Stamens 4-7, free or nearly so. Style 3-parted.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_19">{19}</a></span>Embryo large, curved. Shrubs. Leaves undivided. <i>Portulacaria</i>, <b>73. Portulacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla irregular. Stamens 2, three-cleft (or 6, united in 2 bundles).<br /> -Style simple. Embryo small. Herbs. Leaves dissected.<span class="spc">  </span><b>86. Papaveraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -201. Stamens numerous. Style 1. Corolla with imbricate or contorted -aestivation. Leaves opposite. Shrubs or trees. <i>Calophyllum</i>, <b>149. Guttiferae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 1-10, rarely more, but then styles 3 or corolla with valvate -aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>202<br /> -<br /> -202. Stamens as many as the petals, 4, opposite and adnate to them. Stigma<br /> -1. Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 4, valvate. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>55. Proteaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or fewer or more -numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>203<br /> -<br /> -203. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 1-2. Stamens 2, 4, or 6. Sepals 4. Petals 4.<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with curved embryo. Herbs or undershrubs, -rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3, rarely only 1, but then fertile stamens<br /> -1, 5, 8, or more. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>204<br /> -<br /> -204. Flowers in axillary clusters, hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals valvate -in bud. Petals hooded. Stamens 8-10, with 4-celled anthers (or<br /> -16-20 united in pairs). Style and stigma simple. <i>Hua</i>, <b>144. Sterculiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles. Petals not hooded. Stamens neither with 4-celled -anthers nor united in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>127. Anacardiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -205. (192.) Leaves stipulate. Stamens 9-10.<span class="spc">  </span>206<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate, rarely (<i>Polygalaceae</i>) stipulate, but then stamens<br /> -8.<span class="spc">  </span>207<br /> -<br /> -206. Flowers irregular. Stamens more or less perigynous. Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Styles 3-4, free or partly -united. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. <i>Erythroxylon</i>, <b>112. Erythroxylaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -207. Flowers distinctly irregular, hermaphrodite. Stamens 8; filaments -united; anthers opening by a pore. Style 1. Shrubs or trees. Leaves -undivided. <i>Securidaca</i>, <b>120. Polygalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so, rarely distinctly irregular, but then unisexual -or with 10 stamens. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span>208<br /> -<br /> -208. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals or -more. Leaves simple or digitate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>80. Menispermaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely (<i>Anacardiaceae</i>) unisexual, -but then stamens alternating with the petals or leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>209<br /> -<br /> -209. Stamens distinctly perigynous, 4, 8, or 10. Style simple; stigma entire.<br /> -Leaves undivided. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>171. Thymelaeaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens hypogynous or nearly so, rarely (<i>Anacardiaceae</i>) distinctly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_20">{20}</a></span>perigynous, but then stigma lobed and leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>210<br /> -<br /> -210. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4-5. Calyx little developed, -entire or obscurely toothed. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>57. Opiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or more. Calyx distinctly -developed.<span class="spc">  </span>211<br /> -<br /> -211. Stamens 6. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved. Herbs or undershrubs, -rarely shrubs. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4 or more, rarely 6, but then sepals 3 and petals 3. Shrubs -or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>212<br /> -<br /> -212. Stamens numerous; filaments united. Style thread-shaped. Corolla -with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves opposite, undivided.<br /> -Shrubs. <i>Endodesmia</i>, <b>149. Guttiferae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-20; if more than 10, then style short and thick, corolla with -valvate aestivation, and leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>213<br /> -<br /> -213. Ovule with ventral raphe. Stamens 10. Leaves with 1-3 transparently -dotted leaflets. <i>Eriander</i>, <b>115. Rutaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule with dorsal raphe.<span class="spc">  </span><b>127. Anacardiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -214. (191.) Ovules 2.<span class="spc">  </span>215<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>231<br /> -<br /> -215. Ovules or their funicle erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>216<br /> -<br /> -Ovules or their funicle pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>224<br /> -<br /> -216. Ovules attached one above the other, rarely side by side; in the latter -case flowers irregular, stamens 9-10, and style terminal or nearly so.<br /> -Leaves usually stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>217<br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached one opposite the other or side by side. Flowers regular, -more rarely irregular, but then stamens 6 or style basal. Leaves usually -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>218<br /> -<br /> -217. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens 5, opposite -the petals, hypogynous. Leaves undivided. <i>Waltheria</i>, <b>144. Sterculiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers irregular, more rarely regular, but then, as usually, stamens -perigynous or more than 5. Leaves usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -218. Ovules straight. Stamens 5 or 10, more or less distinctly perigynous.<br /> -Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>104. Connaraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules incurved or inverted. Leaves simple, undivided or dissected; in -the latter case herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>219<br /> -<br /> -219. Styles 2, free or united below. Stamens 2-5, hypogynous or nearly so.<br /> -Leaves opposite. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style 1, with a single stigma. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, but then -shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>220<br /> -<br /> -220. Style basal. Stamens perigynous. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_21">{21}</a></span>Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous; rarely perigynous, -but then leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>221<br /> -<br /> -221. Stamens 5, perigynous. Sepals united below. Leaves opposite. Shrubs -or trees. <i>Pleurostylia</i>, <b>129. Celastraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6, hypogynous. Sepals free. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>222<br /> -<br /> -222. Flowers irregular. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Fruit a 2-seeded nut. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves dissected. <i>Sarcocapnos</i>, <b>86. Papaveraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Sepals 3-6. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>223<br /> -<br /> -223. Perianth of 4 sepals and 4 petals. Anthers opening by longitudinal -slits. Style distinctly developed. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Undershrubs.<br /> -Flowers white. <i>Dipterygium</i>, <b>87. Capparidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 3-6 sepals, 3 petals, and 6 honey-scales. Anthers opening by -valves. Style none. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. Flowers yellow. <i>Berberis</i>, <b>79. Berberidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -224. (215.) Ovules suspended from a free central placenta. Stamens 4-10.<br /> -Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached to the wall of the ovary, usually near the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>225<br /> -<br /> -225. Ovules one above the other, rarely side by side; in the latter case flowers -irregular with 9-10 stamens. Leaves usually compound and stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules side by side or one opposite the other. Flowers regular, rarely -somewhat irregular, but then stamens 3-6.<span class="spc">  </span>226<br /> -<br /> -226. Ovules attached laterally. Stamens 3-5. Flowers usually unisexual.<br /> -Embryo large. Leaves exstipulate, usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached by the apex, rarely laterally, but then stamens more than<br /> -5. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span>227<br /> -<br /> -227. Stamens 4-5. Shrubs or trees. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>132. Icacinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>228<br /> -<br /> -228. Stamens 6. Style 1. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved. Leaves -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10 or more. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>229<br /> -<br /> -229. Stamens 10, hypogynous. Styles or stigmas 3-4. Sepals 5. Petals 5. <i>Erythroxylon</i>, <b>112. Erythroxylaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 12 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>230<br /> -<br /> -230. Style 1, with a single stigma. Stamens 12-20, perigynous. Sepals<br /> -5-12. Petals 5-12. Seeds with scanty albumen or without any.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-6 or style 1 with 2 stigmas; in the latter case stamens more -then 20. Seeds with copious albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -231. (214.) Ovules basal or attached to a central placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>232<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_22">{22}</a></span>Ovules attached to one or more parietal placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>244<br /> -<br /> -232. Ovules basal.<span class="spc">  </span>233<br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached to a central placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>239<br /> -<br /> -233. Style or sessile stigma 1, entire.<span class="spc">  </span>234<br /> -<br /> -Styles, stigmas, or stigma-lobes 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span>236<br /> -<br /> -234. Stamens 10. Calyx closed in bud, subsequently 2-3-parted. Flowers -solitary or in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>196. Styracaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-6. Calyx with 3-9 imbricate segments.<span class="spc">  </span>235<br /> -<br /> -235. Flowers 5-merous, in cymes. Stamens perigynous. Anthers opening -by longitudinal slits. Style present. Leaves opposite. <i>Pleurostylia</i>, <b>129. Celastraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 6-merous, in racemes. Stamens hypogynous. Anthers opening -by valves. Style wanting. Leaves alternate or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span><b>79. Berberidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -236. Stamens very numerous. Anthers linear. Style 2-cleft. Trees. Leaves -alternate, stipulate. <i>Lophira</i>, <b>147. Ochnaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 1-20; if more than 10, then styles 5.<span class="spc">  </span>237<br /> -<br /> -237. Leaves and flowers clothed with glandular hairs; the former alternate.<br /> -Stamens 10-20. Styles 5, free. Ovules upon a long funicle. Seeds -albuminous, with a minute embryo. Undershrubs. <i>Drosophyllum</i>, <b>92. Droseraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves and flowers without glandular hairs. Stamens 1-10. Seeds -with a large or rather large embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>238<br /> -<br /> -238. Leaves alternate. Disc present. Ovules upon a short funicle. Seeds -exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>153. Tamaricaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -239. (232.) Ovules pendulous. Style 1. Fertile stamens 3-6.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules ascending or horizontal.<span class="spc">  </span>240<br /> -<br /> -240. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals. Style simple; stigma -entire or obscurely lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>241<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or fewer or more numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>242<br /> -<br /> -241. Stamens 3. Leaves opposite. Herbs. <i>Pelletiera</i>, <b>191. Primulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-7. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>190. Myrsinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -242. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Petals perigynous. Style simple with -an entire or 2-lobed stigma. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight.<span class="spc">  </span><b>173. Lythraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Petals hypogynous or nearly so.<br /> -Style simple with a 3-lobed stigma or with several stigmas, or styles<br /> -2 or more. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually curved.<span class="spc">  </span>243<br /> -<br /> -243. Sepals 2. Stamens 8-30. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>73. Portulacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_23">{23}</a></span>Sepals 4-5. Stamens 1-10. Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -244. (231.) Ovules attached to a single placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>245<br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached to two or more placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>248<br /> -<br /> -245. Sepals evidently united, rarely free or nearly so, and then petals 5 or -leaves stipulate. Stamens usually perigynous. Stigma 1. Leaves -usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so. Petals 2-4. Stamens hypogynous. Leaves -exstipulate, simple, but often dissected. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>246<br /> -<br /> -246. Flowers distinctly irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 2-4. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Fruit opening at one side. Embryo straight. <i>Delphinium</i>, <b>78. Ranunculaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals 4 or 8. Petals 4. Stamens 4 or 6.<br /> -Fruit opening in two valves or remaining closed. Embryo more or -less curved.<span class="spc">  </span>247<br /> -<br /> -247. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by valves. Stigma 1. Albumen abundant.<br /> -Leaves dissected. <i>Epimedium</i>, <b>79. Berberidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Albumen scanty or -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -248. (244.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with 2 or more stigmas -contiguous at the base, or 1 sessile stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>249<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-6, free or more or less united with separated stigmas (not contiguous -at the base), or 2-6 free sessile stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>266<br /> -<br /> -249. Fertile stamens as many as petals or fewer, 2-10.<span class="spc">  </span>250<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens more than petals.<span class="spc">  </span>257<br /> -<br /> -250. Fertile stamens 10. Filaments united. Anthers opening outwards.<br /> -Stigmas 5. Sepals 3. Trees. <i>Warburgia</i>, <b>157. Winteranaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span>251<br /> -<br /> -251. Fertile stamens 2-4. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbuminous, -with curved embryo.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5, rarely (<i>Passifloraceae</i>) 4 or 6, but then flowers unisexual.<br /> -Seeds rarely exalbuminous, and then with straight embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>252<br /> -<br /> -252. Fertile stamens opposite the petals. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>253<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens alternate with the petals. Leaves simple. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>254<br /> -<br /> -253. Flowers irregular. Petals perigynous. Anthers opening by a single -slit. Placentas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves pinnate. <i>Moringa</i>, <b>90. Moringaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Anthers opening by 2 slits. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -Leaves simple, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -254. Sepals united below. Petals perigynous, sometimes nearly hypogynous, -and then, as usual, staminodes or a corona interposed between the petals -and the stamens. Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>161. Passifloraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so. Petals hypogynous or nearly so; in the latter<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_24">{24}</a></span>case neither staminodes nor a corona within them.<span class="spc">  </span>255<br /> -<br /> -255. Staminodes present, sometimes petal-like. Placentas 3. Flowers regular.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>147. Ochnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Staminodes wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>256<br /> -<br /> -256. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate and then stem herbaceous or suffruticose.<br /> -Placentas 3.<span class="spc">  </span><b>158. Violaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Stem woody. Flowers regular. Placentas 2, rarely<br /> -3-5. <i>Pittosporum</i>, <b>97. Pittosporaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -257. (249.) Sepals and petals together 6 (2 sepals and 4 petals), rarely 9 (3 -sepals and 6 petals). Stamens 6 or many. Stem herbaceous. Leaves -more or less deeply divided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>86. Papaveraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals together 7, 8, 10, or more, rarely 9, but then stem woody -and leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>258<br /> -<br /> -258. Sepals and petals together 9; sepals 3, small; petals 6, unequal. Stamens -numerous, inserted upon an elevated receptacle. Ovules scattered -over the inner wall of the ovary. Stigma sessile or nearly so. Albumen -ruminate. Trees. Leaves undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. <i>Monodora</i>, <b>81. Anonaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals together 7, 8, 10, or more, rarely (<i>Flacourtiaceae</i>) 9, but -then ovules attached to 2-10 placentas and either style distinctly -developed or stamens 5-15.<span class="spc">  </span>259<br /> -<br /> -259. Perianth of 4 sepals and 4 petals, rarely (<i>Capparidaceae</i>) of 2 sepals and<br /> -6 petals or of 5 sepals and 5 petals; in the latter case ovary long-stalked.<br /> -Albumen scanty or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>260<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 3-6 sepals and 4 or more petals, but not of 4 sepals and 4 -petals. Ovary sessile or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>262<br /> -<br /> -260. Filaments united throughout their whole length, 8. Placentas 3-5, -with 2 ovules each. Calyx 4-lobed. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or -trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or united at the base. Placentas 2 or more, in the latter -case with numerous ovules. Embryo curved. Leaves simple or -digitate.<span class="spc">  </span>261<br /> -<br /> -261. Stamens 6, four of them longer than the other two. Ovary sessile or -nearly so. Placentas 2. Flowers regular or nearly so. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Leaves simple, without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens few or many; if 6, then not four longer than the rest. Ovary -usually stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Flowers mostly irregular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -262. Filaments united in 3-5 bundles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Seeds ex-albuminous.<br /> -Leaves opposite, undivided, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Filaments all free or united at the base. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>263<br /> -<br /> -263. Anthers opening at the apex by pores or very short slits. Sepals 5.<br /> -Petals 5. Leaves alternate, stipulate, usually lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>264<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_25">{25}</a></span>Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Leaves entire or toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>265<br /> -<br /> -264. Anthers curved. Placentas 2. Petals red. Flowers and flower-stalks -clothed with minute scales. <i>Bixa</i>, <b>155. Bixaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers straight. Placentas 3-5. Petals yellow. Flowers and flower-stalks -glabrous or clothed with simple hairs. <i>Cochlospermum</i>, <b>156. Cochlospermaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -265. Embryo distinctly curved, folded, or rolled up. Ovules usually straight.<br /> -Disc and corona usually wanting. Anthers opening inwards or laterally.<br /> -Sepals 3 or 5. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Leaves mostly -opposite. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>154. Cistaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Embryo straight or nearly straight. Ovules inverted. Disc or corona -usually present. Anthers usually opening outwards. Leaves alternate.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -266. (248.) Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, undivided. Land-plants.<span class="spc">  </span>267<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate or all radical, rarely (<i>Droseraceae</i>) whorled, but then -water-plants with 5 stamens and 5 styles.<span class="spc">  </span>268<br /> -<br /> -267. Sepals united below, valvate in bud. Stamens 4-6. Style 2-3-cleft.<br /> -Seeds with abundant albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>152. Frankeniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 9 or more. Seeds without -albumen. <i>Hypericum</i>, <b>149. Guttiferae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -268. Herbs with glandular hairs or with whorled leaves. Sepals, petals, and -stamens equal in number, 4, 5, or 8. Anthers more or less turned -outwards.<span class="spc">  </span><b>92. Droseraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs without glandular hairs or woody plants; if herbs, -then anthers turned inwards, at least when young. Leaves alternate -or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span>269<br /> -<br /> -269. Flowers irregular. Ovary open at the apex. Stigmas sessile. Seeds -exalbuminous; embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>89. Resedaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Ovary closed.<span class="spc">  </span>270<br /> -<br /> -270. Corolla with contorted aestivation, more or less perigynous. Calyx -deciduous, callous or glandular within. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5.<br /> -Anthers turned inwards. Styles 3.<span class="spc">  </span><b>160. Turneraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, not contorted, or with valvate aestivation, very -rarely with contorted aestivation, but then stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>271<br /> -<br /> -271. Seeds exalbuminous, rarely albuminous, and then placentas finally separating -from the wall of the ovary. Anthers usually turned outwards.<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>153. Tamaricaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds albuminous. Placentas not separating from the wall of the ovary.<br /> -Anthers turned inwards, rarely outwards, but then, as usually, leaves -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>272<br /> -<br /> -272. Stem erect, rarely climbing, and then stamens numerous or anthers turned -outwards. Corona, if present, simple or double. Ovary sessile or nearly -so. Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_26">{26}</a></span>Stem climbing, usually tendril-bearing, rarely erect, but then corona 3- or -more-fold or ovary distinctly stalked. Stamens 4-10. Anthers -turned inwards. Sepals 4-6, more or less united, imbricate in bud.<br /> -Petals as many as sepals.<span class="spc">  </span><b>161. Passifloraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -273. (190.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>274<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>319<br /> -<br /> -274. Ovules erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>275<br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous, descending, or horizontal.<span class="spc">  </span>288<br /> -<br /> -275. Disc outside the stamens, sometimes one-sided or broken up into several -glands. Leaves alternate, compound, rarely simple and then stamens<br /> -8-10.<span class="spc">  </span>276<br /> -<br /> -Disc or separate glands within or between the stamens or wanting, rarely -outside the stamens, but then leaves simple and stamens 4-6.<span class="spc">  </span>277<br /> -<br /> -276. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5. Stamens 4-5. Ovary 4-celled.<br /> -Seeds with abundant albumen; embryo straight. <i>Bersama</i>, <b>135. Melianthaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds without albumen; embryo -more or less curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>134. Sapindaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -277. Petals and stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>278<br /> -<br /> -Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Leaves simple, stipulate.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>285<br /> -<br /> -278. Sepals 3. Petals 3 or 6. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>279<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 2. Petals 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>280<br /> -<br /> -279. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening outwards.<br /> -Ovary many-celled. Styles numerous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 3. Anthers opening laterally.<br /> -Ovary 2-9-celled. Style 2-9-cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>125. Empetraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -280. Sepals valvate in bud, 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments -united. Stigmas several. Leaves simple, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>281<br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate in bud, rarely valvate, but then only 2. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>282<br /> -<br /> -281. Anthers 1-celled. Fertile stamens numerous. Ovary 3- or more-celled.<br /> -Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. Fertile stamens 5, rarely more, but then ovary 2-celled -and seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -282. Stamens numerous. Leaves opposite, undivided. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-10. Stigmas 1-2. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>283<br /> -<br /> -283. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees. Stigma 1.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Embryo<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_27">{27}</a></span>curved.<span class="spc">  </span>284<br /> -<br /> -284. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 2-6. Glands present between the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Petals 3-5. Stamens 5-10, united at the base. <i>Limeum</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -285. (277.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10-20. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Style basal. Stigma 1. <i>Parinarium</i>, <b>103. Rosaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Petals 4-8. Stamens 4-8. Style terminal or nearly -so.<span class="spc">  </span>286<br /> -<br /> -286. Petals, stamens, and carpels 8 each. <i>Dirachma</i>, <b>107. Geraniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5. Carpels 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>287<br /> -<br /> -287. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Stamens opposite the petals. Style 1, -with a more or less deeply divided stigma, or several styles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>137. Rhamnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Stamens alternate with the -petals. Style 1, with an entire or lobed stigma.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -288. (274.) Flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>289<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>293<br /> -<br /> -289. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span>290<br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>293<br /> -<br /> -290. Sepals 2-3, united below, valvate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted -aestivation. Stamens numerous. Ovary 2-celled. Style wanting; -stigma lobed. Shrubs or trees. <i>Carpodiptera</i>, <b>141. Tiliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals, at least in the female flowers, 4-6, sometimes almost wholly -united.<span class="spc">  </span>291<br /> -<br /> -291. Ovary slightly sunk in the receptacle, 2-celled. Styles 2. Stamens 5.<br /> -Anthers opening by valves. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Shrubs. <i>Trichocladus</i>, <b>101. Hamamelidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary wholly superior, usually 3-celled. Styles usually 3. Anthers -opening by longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span>292<br /> -<br /> -292. Ovules straight. Stigmas sessile or nearly so. Stamens 10. Calyx-limb -nearly entire. Fruit drupaceous. <i>Panda</i>, <b>106. Pandaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules inverted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -293. Leaves stipulate. Ovary surrounded by scales. Fruit capsular. Spiny -shrubs. <i>Neoluederitzia</i>, <b>113. Zygophyllaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Fruit usually drupaceous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>127. Anacardiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -294. (288.) Flowers distinctly irregular.<span class="spc">  </span>295<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>298<br /> -<br /> -295. Leaves compound. Receptacle expanded into a disc or elongated into a -stalk. Filaments free. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>127. Anacardiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple, undivided. Receptacle small.<span class="spc">  </span>296<br /> -<br /> -296. Stamens 10. Shrubs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>119. Malpighiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_28">{28}</a></span>Stamens 5-8.<span class="spc">  </span>297<br /> -<br /> -297. Filaments free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Petals 5, -perigynous. Style 1; stigmas 3. Climbing herbs. <i>Tropaeolum</i>, <b>109. Tropaeolaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united. Anthers opening by an apical pore. Petals hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>120. Polygalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -298. (294.) Stamens as many as the petals or fewer or more numerous, but less -than twice as many, 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span>299<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals or in greater number, rarely (<i>Thymelaeaceae</i>) -as many as the petals, but then 8-10.<span class="spc">  </span>305<br /> -<br /> -299. Filaments all united below. Fertile and sterile stamens together as many -as the petals, 4-6. Disc not distinctly developed. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>300<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or united in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span>301<br /> -<br /> -300. Stamens all fertile. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>110. Linaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens partly sterile (2 fertile, 3 sterile). Seeds exalbuminous. <i>Cottsia</i>, <b>119. Malpighiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -301. Anthers opening by apical pores. Petals and stamens 5, slightly perigynous.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Style simple; stigma 3-lobed. Seeds with -abundant albumen. Undershrubs. Leaves rolled inwards when young, -undivided, bearing glandular hairs. <i>Roridula</i>, <b>147. Ochnaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with scanty albumen or -without any.<span class="spc">  </span>302<br /> -<br /> -302. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Style 1. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5, rarely 4, but then styles 4 and leaves pinnate. Shrubs or -trees.<span class="spc">  </span>303<br /> -<br /> -303. Flowers 4-merous. Disc within the stamens. Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>116. Simarubaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>304<br /> -<br /> -304. Disc within the stamens. Ovary 3- or 5-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas<br /> -3 or 5. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>127. Anacardiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Disc outside the stamens. Ovary 2-celled. Style simple. Leaves pinnate. <i>Filicium</i>, <b>134. Sapindaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -305. (298.) Filaments free. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>306<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>312<br /> -<br /> -306. Disc present, more or less ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>307<br /> -<br /> -Disc wanting. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>310<br /> -<br /> -307. Flowers polygamous, 4-5-merous. Leaves compound, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>127. Anacardiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous, but then 3-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>308<br /> -<br /> -308. Leaves with glandular dots, compound, exstipulate. Ovary 3-5-celled.<br /> -Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_29">{29}</a></span>Leaves without dots.<span class="spc">  </span>309<br /> -<br /> -309. Leaves stipulate, pinnate with 1-2 pairs of leaflets, more rarely simple -and undivided, and then stigma 3-parted. Ovary 3-5-celled. Style -simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>113. Zygophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves rarely stipulate, but then undivided and stigma entire or 2-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span><b>116. Simarubaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -310. Sepals united into a minute, entire or toothed calyx. Petals 4-6, valvate -in bud. Ovary 3-4-celled. Seeds with abundant albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or united at the base only. Seeds without albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>311<br /> -<br /> -311. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>119. Malpighiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Petals 8-10, rarely 4-5, scale-like, valvate in bud. Sepals free, petaloid.<br /> -Ovary 4-5-celled. <i>Octolepis</i>, <b>171. Thymelaeaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -312. (305.) Stamens numerous. Anthers opening by one slit. Calyx with -valvate aestivation. Seeds with curved embryo. Leaves simple, -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals, 6-12, rarely (<i>Malpighiaceae</i>) a -few more (11-15). Anthers opening by two slits. Calyx with imbricate -or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>313<br /> -<br /> -313. Style 1, undivided with a single stigma or with two or more stigmas -contiguous at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>314<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-5, free or more or less united with separate (not contiguous) -stigmas. Stamens 10, rarely 11-15.<span class="spc">  </span>316<br /> -<br /> -314. Leaves compound, exstipulate. Seeds without albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>315<br /> -<br /> -315. Ovary 5-celled. Disc present. Seeds albuminous. Trees. Leaves exstipulate. <i>Saccoglottis</i>, <b>111. Humiriaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled. Disc wanting. Shrubs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>316<br /> -<br /> -316. Seeds albuminous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Leaves alternate, -stipulate. <i>Nectaropetalum</i>, <b>110. Linaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Flowers in racemose inflorescences, rarely solitary.<br /> -Sepals usually with glands on the outside.<span class="spc">  </span><b>119. Malpighiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -317. Styles and ovary-cells 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>108. Oxalidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles and ovary-cells 2-4. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves -undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>318<br /> -<br /> -318. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Petals with a scale on the inside. Styles -or style-branches 3-4. Fruit a drupe. Seeds usually albuminous.<br /> -Leaves alternate, stipulate. <i>Erythroxylon</i>, <b>112. Erythroxylaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemose inflorescences. Sepals usually with glands on the -outside. Styles or style-branches 2-3. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>119. Malpighiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -319. (273.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>320<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_30">{30}</a></span>Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>389<br /> -<br /> -320. Style 1, undivided, or 2 or more styles united to the base of the stigmas, -or 1 sessile stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>321<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2 or more, free or united below, but not up to the base of the stigmas, -or 2 or more free sessile stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>371<br /> -<br /> -321. Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>322<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>339<br /> -<br /> -322. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>323<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals, or fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>325<br /> -<br /> -323. Stamens 10. Ovary 10-celled. Herbs. Leaves opposite. <i>Augea</i>, <b>113. Zygophyllaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-7. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>324<br /> -<br /> -324. Petals with valvate aestivation. Filaments free. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit<br /> -a berry.<span class="spc">  </span><b>138. Vitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Petals with imbricate-contorted aestivation. Filaments more or less -united. Ovary 3- or more-celled. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -325. Stamens 2-4.<span class="spc">  </span>326<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5.<span class="spc">  </span>333<br /> -<br /> -326. Sepals 2-4. Petals 3-4.<span class="spc">  </span>327<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Petals 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>332<br /> -<br /> -327. Leaves marked with glandular dots, at least at the edges. Stipules -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>328<br /> -<br /> -Leaves without glandular dots.<span class="spc">  </span>329<br /> -<br /> -328. Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Disc cushion-shaped.<br /> -Stigmas 3. Fruit separating into 3 drupe-like, 2-celled mericarps.<br /> -Seeds with curved embryo. <i>Chamaelea</i>, <b>114. Cneoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then fruit not drupe-like.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -329. Leaves stipulate. Ovules usually erect. Corolla imbricate in bud.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>330<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Ovules usually pendulous. Ovary 2-celled or -transversally septate. Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>331<br /> -<br /> -330. Disc present.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Disc wanting. Flowers unisexual. Ovary 2-celled. <i>Azima</i>, <b>131. Salvadoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -331. Leaves opposite. Petals valvate in bud. Receptacle without glands.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>197. Oleaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Petals imbricate in bud. Receptacle provided with -glands. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -332. (326.) Anthers opening outwards. Stamens 3. Disc present. Ovary<br /> -3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>130. Hippocrateaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening inwards. Disc reduced to separate glands or wholly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_31">{31}</a></span>wanting. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>107. Geraniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -333. (325.) Filaments united, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>334<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free.<span class="spc">  </span>336<br /> -<br /> -334. Filaments united nearly to the apex. Petals with valvate aestivation.<br /> -Stigma 1. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. <i>Quivisianthe</i>, <b>118. Meliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united only at the base. Petals with imbricate or contorted -aestivation. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>335<br /> -<br /> -335. Petals with contorted aestivation. Stigma 1. Seeds with an aril.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves undivided. <i>Phyllocosmus</i>, <b>110. Linaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with imbricate aestivation. Stigmas 5. Seeds without an aril.<span class="spc">  </span><b>107. Geraniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -336. Leaves gland-dotted, exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves not dotted, simple, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>337<br /> -<br /> -337. Calyx with valvate aestivation. <i>Triumfetta</i>, <b>141. Tiliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>338<br /> -<br /> -338. Calyx large. Ovules pendulous. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. <i>Dichapetalum</i>, <b>121. Dichapetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx small. Ovules erect, more rarely pendulous, but then leaves -opposite, at least those of the flowering branches.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -339. (321.) Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals, 5-8.<span class="spc">  </span>340<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>343<br /> -<br /> -340. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Disc outside the stamens. Stamens<br /> -8, rarely 5-6; in the latter case ovary 3-celled. Ovules ascending, -at least one of them, or horizontal. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>341<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 5-7. Ovary 2- or 5-celled or transversally -septate. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>342<br /> -<br /> -341. Ovary 2-celled. Leaves opposite, lobed. <i>Acer</i>, <b>133. Aceraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Leaves alternate, pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>134. Sapindaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -342. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled or transversally septate.<br /> -Stigmas 1-2. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>107. Geraniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -343. (339.) Stamens twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>344<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>359<br /> -<br /> -344. Filaments free.<span class="spc">  </span>345<br /> -<br /> -Filaments evidently united, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>354<br /> -<br /> -345. Calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>346<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>349<br /> -<br /> -346. Leaves gland-dotted, without stipules, but sometimes with axillary spines.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_32">{32}</a></span>Leaves not gland-dotted, usually with stipules.<span class="spc">  </span>347<br /> -<br /> -347. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Petals valvate in bud.<br /> -Stamens perigynous. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>177. Rhizophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>348<br /> -<br /> -348. Leaves simple, stipulate. Stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>141. Tiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then, as usual, exstipulate.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>117. Burseraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -349. Stipules present, but sometimes very small and caducous.<span class="spc">  </span>350<br /> -<br /> -Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present.<span class="spc">  </span>352<br /> -<br /> -350. Sepals 3, surrounded by a 6-toothed involucre. Petals 5. Disc cup-shaped.<br /> -Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided. <i>Leptochlaena</i>, <b>140. Chlaenaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-6. Disc ring- or cushion-shaped or reduced to separate scales -or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>351<br /> -<br /> -351. Stigma 1, entire or lobed. Filaments usually provided with an appendage.<br /> -Leaves usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>113. Zygophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 5. Filaments without an appendage. Leaves simple, but sometimes -dissected. Fruit beaked, splitting into 5 nutlets.<span class="spc">  </span><b>107. Geraniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -352. Flowers irregular, 4-merous. Disc outside the stamens, one-sided, -sometimes indistinct. Ovary 2-3-celled. Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>134. Sapindaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>353<br /> -<br /> -353. Bark resinous. Leaves rarely dotted. Ovules pendulous or laterally -attached. Fruit drupe-like, but sometimes dehiscing. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>117. Burseraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Bark not resinous. Leaves gland-dotted. Ovules usually ascending.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -354. (344.) Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>355<br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>356<br /> -<br /> -355. Leaves opposite or whorled. Petals toothed or slit, valvate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span><b>177. Rhizophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Petals nearly always imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -356. Stigmas 5. Ovary lobed. Sepals and petals imbricate in bud. Herbs -or undershrubs. Leaves simple, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>107. Geraniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 1-3. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>357<br /> -<br /> -357. Leaves stipulate, undivided. Petals with contorted aestivation. Disc -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>110. Linaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Stigma 1, entire or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>358<br /> -<br /> -358. Leaves simple, undivided. Ovary 3-celled. Disc wanting. <i>Asteropeia</i>, <b>148. Theaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then ovary 4-20-celled.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_33">{33}</a></span>Disc usually present.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -359. (343.) Petals with valvate aestivation. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>360<br /> -<br /> -Petals with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>362<br /> -<br /> -360. Sepals free. Petals and stamens hypogynous. Anthers opening by an -apical pore. <i>Elaeocarpus</i>, <b>139. Elaeocarpaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united below. Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Anthers -opening by two longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span>361<br /> -<br /> -361. Calyx entire or nearly so. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>145. Scytopetalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx more or less deeply divided. Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>177. Rhizophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -362. Calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>363<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>366<br /> -<br /> -363. Leaves exstipulate, undivided, opposite. Ovules ascending or horizontal.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate. Petals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>364<br /> -<br /> -364. Filaments free. Anthers opening by two slits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>141. Tiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Filaments evidently united.<span class="spc">  </span>365<br /> -<br /> -365. Anthers opening by a single slit.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by two slits. Stigmas 3 or 5. <i>Dombeya</i>, <b>144. Sterculiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -366. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>367<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>368<br /> -<br /> -367. Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation. Ovary 3-celled. Stigmas<br /> -1-3. Fruit opening loculicidally. Leaves entire.<span class="spc">  </span><b>154. Cistaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 15. Ovary 5-celled.<br /> -Stigmas 5. Fruit opening septicidally. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>107. Geraniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -368. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>369<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>370<br /> -<br /> -369. Sepals 3, surrounded by a 3-5-toothed involucre. Disc cup-shaped.<br /> -Fruit dehiscent. <i>Sarcochlaena</i>, <b>140. Chlaenaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Disc wanting. Fruit indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span><b>150. Dipterocarpaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -370. Leaves alternate. Ovules pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>148. Theaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite. Ovules ascending or horizontal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -371. (320.) Stamens as many to twice as many as petals, 4-12.<span class="spc">  </span>372<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as petals.<span class="spc">  </span>382<br /> -<br /> -372. Filaments free.<span class="spc">  </span>373<br /> -<br /> -Filaments obviously united, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>377<br /> -<br /> -373. Stipules present, but sometimes very small and caducous.<span class="spc">  </span>374<br /> -<br /> -Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present.<span class="spc">  </span>376<br /> -<br /> -374. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 8-10.<span class="spc">  </span><b>98. Cunoniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>375<br /> -<br /> -375. Style 1, 2-3-cleft, with undivided branches. Stamens 5. Disc present.<br /> -Sepals imbricate in bud. Petals usually 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe or nut.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_34">{34}</a></span>Seeds exalbuminous. <i>Dichapetalum</i>, <b>121. Dichapetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2, 3, or 5, free or united at the base, usually 2-cleft. Flowers -unisexual. Fruit usually a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -376. Leaves with glandular dots. Petals 4-5. Stamens as many or twice -as many.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves without glandular dots, lobed, opposite. Petals 5. Stamens 8, -inserted at the inner edge of the disc. Ovary-cells and style-branches 2. <i>Acer</i>, <b>133. Aceraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -377. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals.<br /> -Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>378<br /> -<br /> -378. Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Leaves alternate, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>379<br /> -<br /> -379. Petals with a callosity or scale on the inside. Ovary-cells and styles or -style-branches 3-4. Stamens 10. Flowers solitary or in fascicles.<br /> -Leaves undivided, stipulate. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>112. Erythroxylaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Petals without an appendage on the inside. Ovary-cells and styles or -style-branches 5, more rarely 3-4, but then stamens 4-5 or flowers -in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>380<br /> -<br /> -380. Ovary lobed, 5-celled. Styles 5. Stamens 10. Fruit a capsule. Herbs -or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>108. Oxalidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary entire. Stamens 4-5 or 10; in the latter case styles 3 or fruit<br /> -a drupe. Leaves simple, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>381<br /> -<br /> -381. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3. Stamens 10. Flowers in -panicles. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Small trees or climbing -shrubs. <i>Asteropeia</i>, <b>148. Theaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 5, rarely 3-4, but then stamens<br /> -4-5 or flowers in cone-like racemes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>110. Linaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -382. (371.) Leaves stipulate, alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>383<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>386<br /> -<br /> -383. Calyx imbricate in bud, 4-partite. Stamens 10. Filaments free or -united at the base. Anthers turned outwards, 2-celled. Flowers -unisexual. Trees. <i>Heywoodia</i>, <b>122. Euphorbiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx valvate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>384<br /> -<br /> -384. Anthers 1-celled (one half only developed). Filaments united. Seeds -albuminous; embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled (both halves developed, but sometimes finally confluent).<span class="spc">  </span>385<br /> -<br /> -385. Filaments united at the base or higher up. Flowers hermaphrodite or -polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_35">{35}</a></span>Filaments free or united at the base; in the latter case flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span><b>141. Tiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -386. Leaves opposite, undivided. Ovules ascending or horizontal. Seeds -exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>387<br /> -<br /> -387. Sepals 2. Petals 4-5, imbricate in bud. Filaments free. Anthers 2-celled.<br /> -Disc cup-shaped. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules ascending. Style<br /> -1, two-cleft. <i>Talinella</i>, <b>73. Portulacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Disc wanting. Ovary 3-5-celled. Ovules pendulous. Styles<br /> -3-5, free or united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>388<br /> -<br /> -388. Flowers unisexual, in glomerules. Petals in the male flowers 3, valvate -in bud. Anthers 4-celled. <i>Junodia</i>, <b>122. Euphorbiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, in panicles. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Anthers<br /> -2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>148. Theaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -389. (319.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with two or more stigmas -contiguous at the base, or one sessile stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>390<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2 or more, free or united below, but not to the base of the stigmas, -or two or more free sessile stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>439<br /> -<br /> -390. Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>391<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals or more.<span class="spc">  </span>404<br /> -<br /> -391. Petals and stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>392<br /> -<br /> -Petals, and usually also the stamens, more or less perigynous. Leaves -undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>399<br /> -<br /> -392. Stamens 7-9, free. Sepals 3 or 5, petals 5, both with contorted -aestivation. Flowers regular. Leaves entire.<span class="spc">  </span><b>154. Cistaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span>393<br /> -<br /> -393. Ovary 2-celled. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Sepals 4, petals 4. Receptacle -with glands. Leaves simple, without stipules, but often with -auricles at the base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>88. Cruciferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3- or more-celled. Stamens 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>394<br /> -<br /> -394. Sepals valvate in bud, united below. Filaments usually united. Disc -wanting. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>395<br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate or open in bud, free or nearly so, rarely evidently united, -but then leaves exstipulate. Filaments free; anthers sometimes -united.<span class="spc">  </span>396<br /> -<br /> -395. Anthers opening by 1 slit. Leaves palmately compound. Trees. <i>Ceiba</i>, <b>143. Bombacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by 2 slits or pores. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -396. Anthers united, opening at the apex. Stamens 5. Disc wanting.<br /> -Petals 3 or 5. Sepals 3 or 5, one of them spurred. Herbs. Leaves -undivided, exstipulate. <i>Impatiens</i>, <b>136. Balsaminaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free, opening lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>397<br /> -<br /> -397. Flowers irregular. Stamens usually fewer than the petals. Disc present.<br /> -Ovary 4-5-celled. Albumen abundant. Shrubs or trees. Leaves<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_36">{36}</a></span>alternate, pinnate. <i>Melianthus</i>, <b>135. Melianthaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Stamens as many as the petals. Albumen scanty or -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>398<br /> -<br /> -398. Disc present. Leaves stipulate, usually opposite or compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>113. Zygophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Disc wanting. Staminodes in bundles alternating with the fertile stamens.<br /> -Sepals united below. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, undivided. <i>Thomassetia</i>, <b>148. Theaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -399. (391.) Calyx with valvate aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo -straight.<span class="spc">  </span><b>173. Lythraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>400<br /> -<br /> -400. Stem herbaceous. Leaves without glandular dots, exstipulate. Sepals<br /> -4. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled. <i>Subularia</i>, <b>88. Cruciferae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Stamens 3-5, very rarely 6-8, but then sepals 5 and -petals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>401<br /> -<br /> -401. Leaves with glandular dots, alternate, exstipulate. Stamens 5-8.<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. <i>Heteropyxis</i>, <b>180. Myrtaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves without glandular dots. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 3-7-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>402<br /> -<br /> -402. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate and then, as usually, stamens 3. Stamens -inserted upon the disc. Filaments dilated. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds -exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>130. Hippocrateaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Stamens 4-5, inserted below the edge of the disc.<br /> -Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>403<br /> -<br /> -403. Leaves stipulate. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with an -aril.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Ovary 5-7-celled. Fruit a drupe. Seeds without -an aril. <i>Brexia</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -404. (390.) Stamens twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>405<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>416<br /> -<br /> -405. Petals and stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>406<br /> -<br /> -Petals, and usually also the stamens, perigynous. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>413<br /> -<br /> -406. Filaments united in a tube, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>407<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free, rarely (<i>Rutaceae</i>) united in several bundles.<span class="spc">  </span>408<br /> -<br /> -407. Sepals valvate in bud, very rarely at first imbricate; in this case many -ovules in each ovary-cell and leaves undivided. Disc wanting. Leaves -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovules few in each ovary-cell, rarely many, -but then leaves pinnate. Disc usually distinctly developed. Leaves -exstipulate. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -408. Ovary distinctly stalked, entire. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_37">{37}</a></span>Ovary sessile or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>409<br /> -<br /> -409. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Disc wanting. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>141. Tiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate, contorted, or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>410<br /> -<br /> -410. Calyx with contorted aestivation. Disc wanting. Leaves undivided.<br /> -Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>154. Cistaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate, not contorted, or with open aestivation. Disc -ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>411<br /> -<br /> -411. Disc outside the stamens. Flowers usually irregular. Seeds with a -copious albumen and straight embryo. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>135. Melianthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Disc within the stamens. Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>412<br /> -<br /> -412. Leaves with translucent dots, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves without dots, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>113. Zygophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -413. (405.) Anthers opening by 1-2 apical pores. Leaves opposite or whorled, -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>181. Melastomataceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span>414<br /> -<br /> -414. Calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>173. Lythraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. Shrubs -or trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>415<br /> -<br /> -415. Flowers polygamous, without bracteoles. Calyx shortly lobed. Filaments -free. Anthers attached by the base. Fruit indehiscent. Leaves with -translucent dots. <i>Psiloxylon</i>, <b>180. Myrtaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx deeply divided. Anthers attached by -the back. Fruit dehiscing loculicidally. Leaves without dots. <i>Asteropeia</i>, <b>148. Theaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -416. (404.) Petals and stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>417<br /> -<br /> -Petals, and usually also the stamens, perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span>433<br /> -<br /> -417. Stipules present, but sometimes minute and caducous.<span class="spc">  </span>418<br /> -<br /> -Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present.<span class="spc">  </span>428<br /> -<br /> -418. Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>419<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>425<br /> -<br /> -419. Corolla with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>420<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>421<br /> -<br /> -420. Petals toothed or laciniate. Anthers opening by a single pore or slit at the -apex. Trees. Leaves undivided. <i>Elaeocarpus</i>, <b>139. Elaeocarpaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals entire or emarginate. Anthers opening by 2 pores or slits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>141. Tiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -421. Ovary distinctly stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Petals with imbricate, -not contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary sessile or nearly so. Petals usually with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>422<br /> -<br /> -422. Anthers 1-celled, opening by 1 slit or pore. Filaments united. Petals<br /> -5.<span class="spc">  </span>423<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_38">{38}</a></span>Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2, rarely confluent slits or pores.<span class="spc">  </span>424<br /> -<br /> -423. Leaves simple. Flowers with an epicalyx. Filaments united to the apex -or nearly so. Pollen-grains spiny.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves palmately compound. Flowers without an epicalyx. Filaments -united below. Pollen-grains smooth or nearly so. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>143. Bombacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -424. Filaments more or less united. Staminodes present.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Filaments free, rarely shortly united at the base, but then staminodes -absent.<span class="spc">  </span><b>141. Tiliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -425. (418.) Calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation. Petals 5-6.<br /> -Ovary sessile or nearly so. Seeds albuminous. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>426<br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>427<br /> -<br /> -426. Disc present. Ovules inverted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>140. Chlaenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Disc absent. Ovules usually straight.<span class="spc">  </span><b>154. Cistaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -427. Ovary sessile, 2-3-celled. Style awl-shaped. Ovules ascending. Seeds -with copious albumen. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided. <i>Sphaerosepalum</i>, <b>156. Cochlospermaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary stalked. Seeds without albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -428. (417.) Leaves all radical, floating, peltate. Petals numerous. Ovary<br /> -6-or more-celled. Stigma sessile. Seeds albuminous; embryo straight. <i>Nuphar</i>, <b>76. Nymphaeaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves cauline and radical or all cauline, not floating. Petals 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>429<br /> -<br /> -429. Leaves opposite. Calyx with valvate, open, or imbricate, not contorted -aestivation. Filaments usually united in several bundles. Seeds -exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate, more rarely (Cistaceae) opposite, but then calyx and -corolla with contorted aestivation, filaments free, and seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>430<br /> -<br /> -430. Leaves compound, with 1-3 leaflets, translucently dotted. Sepals united -below. Ovary sessile, 5- or more-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple, undivided, not dotted, rarely digitate or dotted, but then -ovary stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>431<br /> -<br /> -431. Ovary stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Disc usually present. Seeds -exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary sessile. Disc not distinctly developed. Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>432<br /> -<br /> -432. Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation. Ovules usually straight.<br /> -Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>154. Cistaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals 5, with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Ovules -inverted or incurved. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>148. Theaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -433. (416.) Calyx with valvate, closed, or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>434<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves undivided. 438<br /> -<br /> -434. Corolla with valvate, calyx with open aestivation. Ovary 3-8-celled.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_39">{39}</a></span>Seeds albuminous. Leaves alternate, undivided. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>145. Scytopetalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or open aestivation; in the latter case calyx valvate.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous, rarely with scanty albumen, but then leaves -digitate.<span class="spc">  </span>435<br /> -<br /> -435. Anthers opening by a single slit. Filaments united. Ovary 5-10-celled, -slightly sunk in the receptacle. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation.<br /> -Seeds albuminous. Leaves digitate, stipulate. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>143. Bombacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by 2 slits. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves undivided, -rarely digitate, but then ovary stalked and 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>436<br /> -<br /> -436. Ovary stalked, 2-celled. Embryo curved. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>87. Capparidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary sessile. Embryo straight. Leaves undivided, usually opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>437<br /> -<br /> -437. Ovary 2-6-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>173. Lythraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary 10-20-celled. Ovules inserted upon the dissepiments. Petals -linear. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. <i>Sonneratia</i>, <b>174. Sonneratiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -438. Calyx and corolla with contorted aestivation. Petals 5-6. Disc present.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Style present. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, -not peltate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>140. Chlaenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Petals -numerous. Disc wanting. Ovary 6- or more-celled. Style wanting.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves all radical, floating, peltate. <i>Nymphaea</i>, <b>76. Nymphaeaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -439. (389.) Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, 3-10.<span class="spc">  </span>440<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>446<br /> -<br /> -440. Petals and stamens perigynous or inserted at the base of an hypogynous -disc. Stamens 8 or 10. Styles free. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>441<br /> -<br /> -Petals and stamens hypogynous. Disc wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>442<br /> -<br /> -441. Stem herbaceous. Leaves usually radical or alternate and exstipulate.<br /> -Placentas thick. <i>Saxifraga</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Ovules in two rows.<span class="spc">  </span><b>98. Cunoniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -442. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Filaments free.<br /> -Styles free. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>151. Elatinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span>443<br /> -<br /> -443. Sepals united below, valvate in bud. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so, imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>444<br /> -<br /> -444. Ovary-cells and styles 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Seeds -albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>108. Oxalidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 3. Stamens 10. Trees or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_40">{40}</a></span>shrubs. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>445<br /> -<br /> -445. Filaments free. Anthers opening at the apex. Style shortly 3-cleft.<br /> -Ovules in several rows. Albumen abundant. Bracteoles absent. <i>Clethra</i>, <b>188. Clethraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united at the base. Ovules in two rows. Albumen scanty -or wanting. Bracteoles present. <i>Asteropeia</i>, <b>148. Theaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -446. (439.) Petals and stamens perigynous, adnate to the ovary at the base, -numerous. Filaments free. Sepals imbricate in bud. Leaves all -radical, stipulate. <i>Nymphaea</i>, <b>76. Nymphaeaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals and stamens hypogynous, free from the ovary. Petals 3-9.<span class="spc">  </span>447<br /> -<br /> -447. Leaves opposite, undivided, exstipulate. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>149. Guttiferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>448<br /> -<br /> -448. Petals 8. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Filaments free. Styles free.<br /> -Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen. Herbs. Leaves -dissected, exstipulate. <i>Nigella</i>, <b>78. Ranunculaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 3-5. Filaments united, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>449<br /> -<br /> -449. Sepals 5, free or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Albumen scanty or wanting.<br /> -Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>148. Theaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 3-5, valvate or open in bud. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>450<br /> -<br /> -450. Anthers opening by a single slit or pore.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by two slits or pores.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -451. (189.) Styles united below or throughout their whole length.<span class="spc">  </span>452<br /> -<br /> -Styles entirely free or loosely cohering above.<span class="spc">  </span>457<br /> -<br /> -452. Anthers 1-celled, opening by a single slit. Stamens numerous. Filaments -united. Disc not distinctly developed. Calyx with valvate -aestivation. Seeds albuminous. Leaves simple, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2 slits or pores. Calyx with imbricate, -more rarely with open or valvate aestivation, in the latter case leaves -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>453<br /> -<br /> -453. Ovules solitary in each carpel. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>454<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>456<br /> -<br /> -454. Receptacle more or less elongated. Stamens 10 or more. Fruits drupaceous.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves undivided, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>147. Ochnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Receptacle expanded into a disc. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>455<br /> -<br /> -455. Stamens inserted within the disc. Ovules ascending.<span class="spc">  </span><b>134. Sapindaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted outside the disc.<span class="spc">  </span><b>116. Simarubaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -456. Sepals 3. Petals 6. Stamens numerous. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-10. Leaves translucently -dotted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>115. Rutaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -457. (451.) Ovules solitary in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>458<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_41">{41}</a></span>Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>470<br /> -<br /> -458. Leaves opposite, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>459<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate or the uppermost whorled, or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span>462<br /> -<br /> -459. Stamens 3-10. Carpels 3-9. Albumen scanty. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>460<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Carpels 2 or many. Albumen abundant.<span class="spc">  </span>461<br /> -<br /> -460. Stamens 3-9. Petals white or reddish. Fruit dehiscent. <i>Crassula</i>, <b>95. Crassulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10. Petals greenish, fleshy. Fruit indehiscent. Shrubs.<br /> -Flowers in racemes. <i>Coriaria</i>, <b>126. Coriariaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -461. Carpels 2. Ovules ascending. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Seeds with an aril.<br /> -Erect shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. <i>Hibbertia</i>, <b>146. Dilleniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels numerous. Ovules pendulous. Seeds without an aril. <i>Clematis</i>, <b>78. Ranunculaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -462. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>463<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>467<br /> -<br /> -463. Stamens as many as the petals, 3-8, hypogynous or nearly so. Styles -terminal. Flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>464<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals or more, rarely as many as the -petals or fewer, but then distinctly perigynous and styles basal. Ovules -inverted.<span class="spc">  </span>465<br /> -<br /> -464. Stem erect, tree-like. Leaves lobed. Flowers in heads. Ovules pendulous, -straight. Fruit dry. <i>Platanus</i>, <b>102. Platanaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stem climbing. Leaves undivided. Flowers in racemes or panicles.<br /> -Ovules laterally affixed, half-inverted. Fruit fleshy. <i>Tiliacora</i>, <b>80. Menispermaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -465. Petals and stamens perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals and stamens hypogynous. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>466<br /> -<br /> -466. Flowers regular. Sepals 3-4, valvate in bud. Stamens numerous, -with united filaments. Disc absent. Trees. <i>Christiania</i>, <b>141. Tiliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers irregular. Sepals 5. Disc present. Shrubs. <i>Astrocarpus</i>, <b>89. Resedaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -467. Disc present. Sepals 2-5. Albumen scanty or wanting. Stem woody.<span class="spc">  </span><b>116. Simarubaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Disc absent. Albumen abundant, rarely scanty or wanting, but then -sepals 6 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>468<br /> -<br /> -468. Flowers unisexual. Sepals 6 or more. Stamens usually as many as petals -or fewer. Fruits drupaceous. Stem usually climbing. Flowers usually -in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>80. Menispermaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely unisexual, but then sepals<br /> -2-3. Stamens usually more than petals. Albumen abundant.<span class="spc">  </span>469<br /> -<br /> -469. Stem woody. Leaves entire or toothed. Sepals 2-3. Albumen<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_42">{42}</a></span>ruminate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, rarely throughout, but then -leaves lobed or dissected and sepals 4 or more. Albumen uniform.<span class="spc">  </span><b>78. Ranunculaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -470. (457.) Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>471<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>474<br /> -<br /> -471. Petals and stamens perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Petals and stamens hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>472<br /> -<br /> -472. Disc one-sided, scale-like. Ovary stalked. Stamens 10-15. Flowers -irregular, 5-merous. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs. Leaves undivided. <i>Caylusea</i>, <b>89. Resedaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Disc stalk-like or wanting. Seeds albuminous. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>473<br /> -<br /> -473. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10 or -more. Petal-like staminodes within the stamens 5-10. Flowers -regular, 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla with imbricate aestivation. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>146. Dilleniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -474. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>475<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous, not exactly twice as many as the petals, hypogynous.<br /> -Seeds with abundant albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>479<br /> -<br /> -475. Sepals 2-3. Petals 3-6. Stamens 6-12, hypogynous. Albumen -abundant. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4 or more, rarely 3, but then stamens 3.<span class="spc">  </span>476<br /> -<br /> -476. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base, rarely throughout, but then, as -usually, ovules numerous. Albumen scanty or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>95. Crassulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout. Ovules 2.<span class="spc">  </span>477<br /> -<br /> -477. Leaves pinnate, with 3 or more leaflets, alternate, rarely dotted and then -stamens 10. Flowers 5-merous. Ovules ascending, straight. Seeds -with an aril.<span class="spc">  </span><b>104. Connaraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple or compound; in the latter case, as usually, leaves translucently -dotted and stamens 3-5. Ovules inverted. Seeds without -an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>478<br /> -<br /> -478. Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens 3-5. Seeds albuminous, with a -thick and hard coat. <i>Fagara</i>, <b>115. Rutaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Styles basal or nearly so. Stamens 5-10. Seeds exalbuminous, with<br /> -a thin coat. Leaves undivided. <i>Suriana</i>, <b>116. Simarubaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -479. Sepals 2-3. Petals 3-6. Albumen ruminate. Shrubs or trees. Leaves -undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-6, imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>480<br /> -<br /> -480. Seeds with an aril. Sepals persistent. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>146. Dilleniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an aril. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves more or less<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_43">{43}</a></span>deeply divided or compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>78. Ranunculaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -481. (188.) Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely chambered.<span class="spc">  </span>482<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, rarely 2 or more -distinct ovaries.<span class="spc">  </span>507<br /> -<br /> -482. Ovules not distinctly differentiated from the placenta. Shrubs parasitic -upon trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Calyx-limb little developed.<br /> -Petals 2-6, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals.<br /> -Stigma 1. <i>Loranthus</i>, <b>61. Loranthaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules distinctly developed. Herbs or non-parasitic shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>483<br /> -<br /> -483. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>484<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>490<br /> -<br /> -484. Ovule erect, straight. Stigmas 2. Stamens numerous. Petals 3-4.<br /> -Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Leaves pinnate. Trees. <i>Juglans</i>, <b>49. Juglandaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous, inverted. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer, -rarely (<i>Alangiaceae</i>) more, but then petals 6-10 and flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>485<br /> -<br /> -485. Filaments wholly united. Anthers 5, twisted. Flowers unisexual.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves angled or lobed. Climbing, tendril-bearing -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or united at the base only. Plants without tendrils.<span class="spc">  </span>486<br /> -<br /> -486. Anthers opening by valves. Stigma 1. Seed exalbuminous. Trees or -climbing shrubs. Leaves palminerved. Flowers in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>85. Hernandiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.<br /> -Seed albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>487<br /> -<br /> -487. Flowers 4-merous, in racemes or panicles. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs -or trees. Fruit a drupe. <i>Polyscias</i>, <b>185. Araliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-10-merous. Leaves simple, but sometimes dissected, and then -herbs or undershrubs with the flowers in umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>488<br /> -<br /> -488. Flowers in umbels. Leaves more or less deeply divided. Herbs or -undershrubs. Fruit a nut.<span class="spc">  </span><b>186. Umbelliferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads, spikes, or cymes. Leaves undivided. Shrubs or -trees. 489.<br /> -<br /> -489. Flowers in cymes. Petals valvate in bud. Fruit a drupe. Embryo large. <i>Alangium</i>, <b>178. Alangiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads or spikes, 5-merous. Petals imbricate in bud. Fruit a -nut. Embryo small.<span class="spc">  </span><b>100. Bruniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -490. (483.) Ovules basal or inserted on a free central placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>491<br /> -<br /> -Ovules parietal or inserted at the apex of the ovary-cell. 499.<br /> -<br /> -491. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer, 2-5.<br /> -Fruit a berry or a nut. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>492<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>493<br /> -<br /> -492. Flowers 4-merous. Styles or sessile stigmas 4, free. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_44">{44}</a></span>Herbs. Leaves undivided. <i>Laurembergia</i>, <b>183. Halorrhagaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Style 1, entire or cleft. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -493. Sepals 2. Fruit opening by a lid. Herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided. <i>Portulaca</i>, <b>73. Portulacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-8, sometimes united into an entire calyx. Style simple.<br /> -Fruit indehiscent. Trees or shrubs, rarely (<i>Bruniaceae</i>) undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>494<br /> -<br /> -494. Stamens numerous. Petals 5. Ovules 2. Fruit a drupe. Leaves -alternate, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, 4-16. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>495<br /> -<br /> -495. Stamens twice as many as the petals, 8-16. Leaves opposite or -whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>496<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the petals, 4-6. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>497<br /> -<br /> -496. Leaves stipulate. Petals 5-8, toothed or lobed, valvate in bud. Anthers -without appendages. Seeds albuminous. <i>Carallia</i>, <b>177. Rhizophoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Petals usually 4. Anthers with appendages. Seeds -exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>181. Melastomataceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -497. Stamens opposite the petals. Petals valvate in bud. Ovules pendulous.<br /> -Fruit a drupe. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternating with the petals. Petals imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>498<br /> -<br /> -498. Stigma 1. Ovules erect. Fruit a drupe. Leaves opposite, stipulate. <i>Pleurostylia</i>, <b>129. Celastraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 2. Ovules pendulous. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Leaves alternate, -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>100. Bruniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -499. (490.) Ovules apical.<span class="spc">  </span>500<br /> -<br /> -Ovules parietal.<span class="spc">  </span>502<br /> -<br /> -500. Ovules numerous, affixed to 2-3 placentas suspended from the apex of -the ovary-cell. Styles 2-3, free. Stamens 5. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Fruit capsular. Seeds with abundant albumen. Herbs. Leaves -opposite, undivided. <i>Vahlia</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2-6, suspended from the apex of the ovary-cell. Style 1, entire -or cleft. Seeds without albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>501<br /> -<br /> -501. Stamens 2-5. Flowers unisexual. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, -usually climbing or prostrate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8 or more, rarely 4-6, but then flowers hermaphrodite. Style -simple. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>179. Combretaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -502. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>503<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs or trees. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>504<br /> -<br /> -503. Flowers 5-merous. Stamens 2-5. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves well-developed.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers 6-merous. Stamens 12 or more. Seeds albuminous. Leaves<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_45">{45}</a></span>scale-like. <i>Pilostyles</i>, <b>64. Rafflesiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -504. Stamens as many as and alternating with the petals, 5. Petals small.<br /> -Style 2-cleft. Ovary inferior. Ovules many. Fruit a berry. Leaves -lobed. <i>Ribes</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and opposite the petals or in greater number. Style -simple, more rarely divided, but then ovary half-inferior. Leaves -undivided or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>505<br /> -<br /> -505. Stamens numerous, not collected in bundles. Ovary inferior. Style -simple, with several stigmas. Fruit a berry. Succulent, usually -leafless plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>167. Cactaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, or collected in several -bundles. Ovary half-inferior. Style simple with an entire or slightly -lobed stigma, or more or less deeply divided into 2-6 branches. Leafy -plants.<span class="spc">  </span>506<br /> -<br /> -506. Petals 5-6, lobed or slit, valvate in bud. Stamens twice their number.<br /> -Style simple. Ovules 6. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite or whorled. <i>Ceriops</i>, <b>177. Rhizophoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4-8, imbricate in bud. Stamens placed singly or in pairs or -bundles opposite the petals; if in pairs or bundles, then style divided.<br /> -Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span><b>159. Flacourtiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -507. (481.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>508<br /> -<br /> -Ovules two or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>527<br /> -<br /> -508. Ovules erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>509<br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous or descending.<span class="spc">  </span>513<br /> -<br /> -509. Stamens 10 or more. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary 4-10-celled. Styles -or style-branches 2-10. Shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>510<br /> -<br /> -510. Flowers 2-merous. Herbs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. <i>Circaea</i>, <b>182. Oenotheraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>511<br /> -<br /> -511. Stamens, at least apparently (by coalescence), fewer than the petals, 3.<br /> -Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary-cells and stigmas 3. Flowers unisexual.<br /> -Tendril-bearing herbs. Leaves alternate. <i>Cayaponia</i>, <b>223. Cucurbitaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the petals, 4-5. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>512<br /> -<br /> -512. Stamens alternating with the petals. Calyx with imbricate or open -aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens opposite the petals. Calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>137. Rhamnaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -513. (508.) Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>514<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-15-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>522<br /> -<br /> -514. Style 1, with a single stigma. Flowers 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>515<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_46">{46}</a></span>Style 1, with 2-3 stigmas, or styles 2.<span class="spc">  </span>517<br /> -<br /> -515. Stamens numerous. Flowers hermaphrodite, in cymes. Fruit a berry.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. <i>Pimenta</i>, <b>180. Myrtaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>516<br /> -<br /> -516. Flowers unisexual, in cymes. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous. Trees -or shrubs. Leaves opposite. <i>Cornus</i>, <b>187. Cornaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary. Fruit a nut. Seeds exalbuminous.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves radical. <i>Trapa</i>, <b>182. Oenotheraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -517. Stamens numerous. Petals 5. Stigmas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves -alternate. <i>Kissenia</i>, <b>164. Loasaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the petals. Stigmas 2. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>518<br /> -<br /> -518. Fruit a capsule, rarely a nut, and then ovary half-inferior. Trees, shrubs, -or undershrubs. Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers in heads or -head-like spikes, rarely in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>519<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a schizocarp (splitting into 2 nutlets), a nut, or a drupe. Ovary -inferior, rarely half-inferior, but then leaves compound or divided.<br /> -Flowers in umbels, more rarely in heads, whorls, spikes, racemes, or -panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>520<br /> -<br /> -519. Leaves stipulate. Flowers usually 4-merous. Styles 2, free. Fruit a -capsule. Albumen scanty.<span class="spc">  </span><b>101. Hamamelidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate, rarely stipulate, but then style 1. Flowers 5-merous.<br /> -Petals clawed, imbricate in bud. Anthers opening by longitudinal -slits. Albumen abundant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>100. Bruniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -520. Fruit a schizocarp splitting into two nutlets, rarely a nut, and then, as -usually, stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Flowers 5-merous.<br /> -Epigynous disc usually 2-parted. Styles free.<span class="spc">  </span><b>186. Umbelliferae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fruit a drupe or a nut. Stem woody throughout. Epigynous disc -usually entire.<span class="spc">  </span>521<br /> -<br /> -521. Leaves compound or more or less deeply divided. Flowers in umbels, -spikes, or racemes. Ovules with ventral raphe.<span class="spc">  </span><b>185. Araliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers in racemes or panicles.<br /> -Ovules with dorsal raphe. Fruit a drupe.<span class="spc">  </span><b>187. Cornaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -522. (513.) Stem herbaceous. Fruit dry.<span class="spc">  </span>523<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Fruit more or less succulent.<span class="spc">  </span>524<br /> -<br /> -523. Flowers 4-merous. Stamens 2-8. Fruit indehiscent or splitting into<br /> -2-4 nutlets. Seeds albuminous. Leaves exstipulate. Water-plants. <i>Myriophyllum</i>, <b>183. Halorrhagaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Stamens 10. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous.<br /> -Leaves stipulate. Land-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -524. Leaves compound or more or less deeply divided, rarely the upper ones -undivided, and then ovary-cells and styles 5. Flowers in umbels or -heads, rarely in spikes or racemes. Stamens as many as petals, 4-16,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_47">{47}</a></span>rarely twice their number, 10.<span class="spc">  </span><b>185. Araliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided, exstipulate. Flowers in spikes, racemes, panicles, or -fascicles. Ovary 3-4-celled. Styles 1-4.<span class="spc">  </span>525<br /> -<br /> -525. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4-5. Style simple. Flowers -in racemes or fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or twice as many.<span class="spc">  </span>526<br /> -<br /> -526. Stamens as many as the petals, 4-10. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>187. Cornaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals, 6-8, but the alternate ones sometimes -without anthers. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Styles 3-4.<br /> -Flowers polygamous. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>177. Rhizophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -527. (507.) Ovules 2-4 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>528<br /> -<br /> -Ovules more than 4 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>537<br /> -<br /> -528. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>529<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals or more.<span class="spc">  </span>533<br /> -<br /> -529. Stamens, at least apparently (by coalescence), fewer than the petals,<br /> -2-4. Flowers 5-merous, unisexual. Ovary inferior. Usually herbaceous -and tendril-bearing plants. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, free or nearly so. Trees or shrubs, -rarely undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>530<br /> -<br /> -530. Stamens opposite the petals. Petals valvate in bud. Ovary inferior.<br /> -Style simple; stigma entire. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. <i>Olinia</i>, <b>170. Oliniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternating with the petals. Ovary usually half-inferior. Leaves -opposite, but stipulate, or alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>531<br /> -<br /> -531. Leaves exstipulate, alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Ovules -pendulous. Seeds with a minute embryo and abundant albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>100. Bruniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>532<br /> -<br /> -532. Calyx large. Petals 5, usually two-cleft. Stigmas 2-3. Ovules pendulous.<br /> -Fruit indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. <i>Dichapetalum</i>, <b>121. Dichapetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx small. Petals imbricate in bud. Style simple or wanting. Ovules -erect, rarely pendulous, but then leaves, at least those of the flowering -branches, opposite.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -533. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Petals with valvate aestivation.<br /> -Style 1. Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>177. Rhizophoraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Petals with imbricate -or contorted aestivation. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>534<br /> -<br /> -534. Style 1, with a single stigma. Ovules in the whole ovary 4 or more.<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>535<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_48">{48}</a></span>Style 1, with 2-5 stigmas, or styles 2-5. Sepals 5. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>536<br /> -<br /> -535. Leaves opposite, gland-dotted. Sepals 4-5. Filaments free or united -into several bundles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>180. Myrtaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate, rarely dotted. Sepals 2-4. Filaments united into a -cup at the base. Fruit indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span><b>176. Lecythidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -536. Stipules absent. Calyx with open aestivation. Filaments collected in<br /> -5 bundles. Ovules in the whole ovary 3, pendulous. Style entire or -cleft at the top. Fruit a nut. <i>Kissenia</i>, <b>164. Loasaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules present. Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Ovules ascending.<br /> -Style more or less deeply divided. Fruit a berry or a drupe.<span class="spc">  </span><b>103. Rosaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -537. (527.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with 2 or more stigmas -contiguous at their base.<span class="spc">  </span>538<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-20, free or united below, the stigmas not contiguous at the -base.<span class="spc">  </span>546<br /> -<br /> -538. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals or fewer, 2-16.<span class="spc">  </span>539<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as the petals, or stamens and petals -very numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>543<br /> -<br /> -539. Stamens fewer than the petals, at least apparently (by coalescence), rarely -as many as the petals, but then, as usually, herbs with tendrils. Leaves -alternate. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous, 5-merous. Fruit -usually succulent and indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. Herbs without tendrils, -or woody plants.<span class="spc">  </span>540<br /> -<br /> -540. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens twice as many, rarely as many as the -petals; in the latter case leaves with small stipules. Anthers opening -by longitudinal slits. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>182. Oenotheraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate or open in bud, rarely valvate, but then either stamens -as many as the petals, leaves without stipules, and seeds albuminous, -or anthers opening by apical pores.<span class="spc">  </span>541<br /> -<br /> -541. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, exstipulate, usually with several -longitudinal nerves. Filaments bent down in bud. Anthers usually -opening by apical pores. Stigma 1. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>181. Melastomataceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Stamens as many as the petals. Fruit capsular.<br /> -Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>542<br /> -<br /> -542. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers -or inflorescences in the axils of the leaves or terminal. Ovules numerous -in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span><b>224. Campanulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout. Flowers or inflorescences in the axils or on the -surface of the leaves. Ovules 6-8 in each ovary-cell. Seeds with an -aril.<span class="spc">  </span><b>129. Celastraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_49">{49}</a></span>543. Petals numerous. Stigmas 4-20. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs. <i>Mesembryanthemum</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4-8. Stigma 1, entire or lobed. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs -or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>544<br /> -<br /> -544. Sepals 5-8, red, with valvate aestivation. Petals crumpled in the bud.<br /> -Ovules at first basal, finally parietal. Leaves not dotted. <i>Punica</i>, <b>175. Punicaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 2-4, rarely more, but then with imbricate, open, or closed aestivation.<br /> -Ovules axile.<span class="spc">  </span>545<br /> -<br /> -545. Leaves alternate, rarely dotted. Sepals 2-4. Filaments united into a -cup at the base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>176. Lecythidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite, gland-dotted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>180. Myrtaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -546. (537.) Stamens 2-10.<span class="spc">  </span>547<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>548<br /> -<br /> -547. Stamens fewer than the petals, at least apparently (by coalescence), -more rarely as many as the petals, but then, as usually, tendril-bearing -herbs. Styles usually 3. Flowers 5-merous, unisexual or polygamous.<br /> -Fruit more or less berry-like. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, and then styles 2 and stem woody, -or twice as many. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous, rarely exalbuminous, -but then flowers 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>96. Saxifragaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -548. Petals 3-5. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>549<br /> -<br /> -Petals numerous. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>550<br /> -<br /> -549. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals not distinctly differentiated, together<br /> -8-9. Ovules many in each ovary-cell. <i>Begonia</i>, <b>165. Begoniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals distinctly differentiated, -together 10. Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Shrubs. <i>Cydonia</i>, <b>103. Rosaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -550. Sepals nearly hypogynous, 4. Ovules inserted upon the dissepiments.<br /> -Fruit bursting irregularly. Embryo straight. Leaves radical, floating, -peltate or cordate. Flowers solitary. <i>Nymphaea</i>, <b>76. Nymphaeaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals epigynous, usually 5. Ovules basal or parietal. Fruit opening -loculicidally. Embryo curved. Leaves not floating. Flowers in -cymes or panicles. <i>Mesembryanthemum</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -551. (52.) Ovary superior or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>552<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior to half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>728<br /> -<br /> -552. Ovary 1, entire or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>553<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries 2 or more, separate or cohering at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>719<br /> -<br /> -553. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely chambered.<span class="spc">  </span>554<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, at least at the -time of flowering (sometimes incompletely septate in the bud).<span class="spc">  </span>604<br /> -<br /> -554. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>555<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_50">{50}</a></span>Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>570<br /> -<br /> -555. Ovule erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>556<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous or descending. Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>564<br /> -<br /> -556. Style 1, entire or cleft at the top into 2 or more stigmas (or branches -stigmatose on the inside).<span class="spc">  </span>557<br /> -<br /> -Styles 3-5, free or united at the base. Stamens 5, opposite the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>563<br /> -<br /> -557. Stamens free from the corolla or inserted on its base.<span class="spc">  </span>558<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted on the upper part or near the middle of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>561<br /> -<br /> -558. Corolla (or corolla-like perianth) with valvate or folded aestivation.<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>69. Nyctaginaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or open aestivation; in the latter case leaves -stipulate. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>559<br /> -<br /> -559. Flowers 5-merous. Stigmas 3. Herbs. Leaves opposite, stipulate. <i>Cometes</i>, <b>75. Caryophyllaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-merous. Stigma 1.<span class="spc">  </span>560<br /> -<br /> -560. Flowers unisexual, solitary or in fascicles. Seeds albuminous. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves all radical, exstipulate. <i>Litorella</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, in racemes or panicles. Seeds exalbuminous.<br /> -Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, stipulate. <i>Salvadora</i>, <b>131. Salvadoraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -561. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 4. Leaves whorled.<br /> -Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>205. Verbenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>562<br /> -<br /> -562. Stamens alternating with the divisions of the corolla (or the petaloid -staminodes). Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>68. Amarantaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens opposite the divisions of the corolla (or petaloid perianth), 4.<br /> -Stigma 1. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>55. Proteaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -563. (556.) Sepals 2. Anthers turned outwards. Styles 3. Seeds with -curved embryo.<span class="spc">  </span><b>74. Basellaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Anthers turned inwards. Styles 5. Seeds with straight -embryo.<span class="spc">  </span><b>192. Plumbaginaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -564. Petals in the male flowers 2-4, united below, in the female 1-2, free.<br /> -Sepals in the male flowers 4, in the female 1-2. Stamens 4-10, with -united filaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>80. Menispermaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Petals united below in the flowers of both sexes, or flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>565<br /> -<br /> -565. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the calyx or corolla, 4. Anthers -opening by a transverse slit. Flowers 5-merous, irregular. Seeds -albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>566<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla, rarely<br /> -(Ericaceae) fewer, but then only 3.<span class="spc">  </span>567<br /> -<br /> -566. Ovary 1-celled from the beginning. Stigma 2-lobed, rarely entire, and -then corolla-lobes very unequal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>215. Globulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary originally 2-celled, one cell becoming rudimentary. Stigma entire.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_51">{51}</a></span>Corolla-lobes almost equal. <i>Microdon</i>, <b>208. Scrophulariaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -567. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla (or corolla-like -perianth), 4, inserted on the upper part or near the middle of the -corolla. Corolla valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>55. Proteaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or -fewer or more numerous, inserted on the base of the corolla or free from -it.<span class="spc">  </span>568<br /> -<br /> -568. Stamens 10, perigynous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits.<br /> -Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>171. Thymelaeaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-8, hypogynous.<span class="spc">  </span>569<br /> -<br /> -569. Flowers regular. Sepals 3-4. Corolla-lobes 3-4. Anthers opening by -two pores or slits. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers irregular. Sepals 5. Corolla-lobes 3 or 5. Stamens 8. Anthers -opening by a single pore or slit. Seeds exalbuminous. <i>Securidaca</i>, <b>120. Polygalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -570. (554.) Ovules 2.<span class="spc">  </span>571<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>578<br /> -<br /> -571. Stamens 4, fewer than the divisions of the corolla. Flowers irregular.<br /> -Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>572<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3 or more, as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>573<br /> -<br /> -572. Anthers opening by pores. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous. Climbing -shrubs. Flowers in clusters. <i>Afromendoncia</i>, <b>216. Acanthaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule or -nut. Seeds albuminous. Prostrate herbs. Flowers solitary. <i>Linariopsis</i>, <b>210. Pedaliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -573. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla, 4-5. Leaves simple, -entire toothed or lobed. Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>574<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, rarely the same number, -but then, as usually, leaves compound.<span class="spc">  </span>576<br /> -<br /> -574. Stamens opposite to the divisions of the corolla. Calyx with valvate, -corolla with contorted aestivation. Ovules ascending. Leaves stipulate. <i>Waltheria</i>, <b>144. Sterculiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternating with the divisions of the corolla. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>575<br /> -<br /> -575. Ovules erect. Style 2-parted, rarely simple, and then herbs. Calyx -with imbricate, corolla with valvate or folded aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>202. Convolvulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous. Style simple or wanting. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>132. Icacinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -576. Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, but fewer than twice -as many, 4-7, usually 6. Anthers opening by pores. Corolla 4-lobed.<br /> -Leaves whorled, undivided, linear. <i>Salaxis</i>, <b>189. Ericaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many or twice as many as the divisions of the corolla, or more.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_52">{52}</a></span>Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>577<br /> -<br /> -577. Corolla regular, 5-partite, with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 10, five -of them sometimes sterile. Ovules erect, straight. Shrubs or trees.<br /> -Leaves compound, exstipulate. Flowers in panicles or racemes. <i>Connarus</i>, <b>104. Connaraceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla regular, with valvate aestivation, or irregular. Ovules inverted.<br /> -Leaves usually stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -578. (570.) Ovules basal or inserted upon a free central placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>579<br /> -<br /> -Ovules parietal.<span class="spc">  </span>587<br /> -<br /> -579. Ovules 3, pendulous. Style simple. Fertile stamens as many as and -opposite the corolla-lobes, 5-6, or fewer, 3. Flowers regular. Fruit<br /> -a drupe. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves alternate. <i>Olax</i>, <b>59. Olacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3, ascending, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>580<br /> -<br /> -580. Style 3-cleft. Stamens more than corolla-lobes, 8-30, rarely fewer, 3.<br /> -Sepals 2. Corolla-lobes 5. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>73. Portulacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style simple or 2-cleft, rarely (<i>Caryophyllaceae</i>) 3-cleft, but then sepals, -corolla-lobes and stamens 5 each.<span class="spc">  </span>581<br /> -<br /> -581. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, 3-7. Style -simple.<span class="spc">  </span>582<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or fewer -or more numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>583<br /> -<br /> -582. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>191. Primulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fruit a nut, berry, or drupe. Shrubs or trees, very rarely herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Leaves alternate, gland-dotted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>190. Myrsinaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -583. Stamens 5. Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>584<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2, 4, or 8.<span class="spc">  </span>585<br /> -<br /> -584. Leaves opposite, stipulate. Corolla deeply divided, with imbricate -aestivation. Styles 1 or 3. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>75. Caryophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Styles 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span><b>202. Convolvulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -585. Stamens 4, free from the corolla, or 8. Flowers regular, 4-merous. Stigma<br /> -1. Seeds albuminous. Low shrubs. Leaves whorled, narrow.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla-tube, or 2.<span class="spc">  </span>586<br /> -<br /> -586. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Stamens 2. Style wanting. Sepals<br /> -2 or 5. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped. Leaves alternate or all radical.<br /> -Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>214. Lentibulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Style present. Ovules 4.<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>205. Verbenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -587. (578.) Ovules attached to a single placenta. Style simple. Stamens as -many as or more than the divisions of the corolla. Leaves alternate, -compound or reduced to the dilated petiole.<span class="spc">  </span><b>105. Leguminosae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_53">{53}</a></span>Ovules attached to two or more placentas. 588.<br /> -<br /> -588. Style simple or 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>589<br /> -<br /> -Style 3-10-cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>603<br /> -<br /> -589. Fertile stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 1-4.<span class="spc">  </span>590<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>595<br /> -<br /> -590. Fertile stamen 1, staminodes 3. Corolla-lobes 4. Stigma 2-cleft. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves opposite, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>199. Gentianaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 2 or 4.<span class="spc">  </span>591<br /> -<br /> -591. Fertile stamens 2. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers -irregular.<span class="spc">  </span>592<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>594<br /> -<br /> -592. Seeds 4, with thin albumen. Fruit a capsule with a drupaceous rind<br /> -Ovules 4-16. Stigma 2-parted. Staminodes 3. <i>Martynia</i>, <b>211. Martyniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds numerous, without albumen. Ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>593<br /> -<br /> -593. Disc wanting. Ovary and fruit ovate. Placentas little projecting.<br /> -Staminodes none. Small water-plants. Leaves opposite. <i>Dintera</i>, <b>208. Scrophulariaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Disc rarely wanting, and then ovary and fruit linear or oblong and placentas -much projecting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>213. Gesneraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -594. Placentas 2. Fruit a berry or nut. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or -trees. Leaves compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>209. Bignoniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Placentas 4. Fruit a capsule. Seeds albuminous. Herbs without -green colour. Leaves scale-like. Flowers irregular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>212. Orobanchaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -595. (589.) Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla, 3-8.<span class="spc">  </span>596<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more numerous than the divisions of the corolla, 7 or more.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>600<br /> -<br /> -596. Style stigmatose beneath the thickened, often 2-lobed apex. Placentas<br /> -2. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Flowers regular or nearly so,<br /> -5-, rarely 4-merous. Juice milky.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Juice not -milky.<span class="spc">  </span>597<br /> -<br /> -597. Leaves and stem without green colour; stem herbaceous, leaves scale-like.<br /> -Flowers irregular. Stamens 4. Placentas 4.<span class="spc">  </span><b>212. Orobanchaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves green, rarely (<i>Gentianaceae</i>) without green colour, but then flowers -regular, stamens 5 and placentas 2.<span class="spc">  </span>598<br /> -<br /> -598. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Stem woody. Bark resinous.<br /> -Flowers regular, 5-merous. Stigma 1. <i>Pittosporum</i>, <b>97. Pittosporaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate or all radical, but then stem -herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>599<br /> -<br /> -599. Stem woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, usually stipulate. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_54">{54}</a></span>4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, rarely throughout, but -then flowers 5-merous. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>199. Gentianaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -600. Stamens 7-18, with united filaments. Placentas 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>601<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 23 or more, with free filaments. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>602<br /> -<br /> -601. Sepals 3. Corolla-lobes 4-6. Stamens 7-9 or 14-18. Anthers -opening outwards. <i>Cinnamosma</i>, <b>157. Winteranaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-5. Corolla-lobes 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Anthers opening -inwards or laterally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -602. Corolla-lobes 6. Sepals 3. Filaments and styles very short. Placentas -numerous, confluent. Albumen abundant, ruminate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla-lobes 11-14. Sepals 2-4. Filaments and styles long. Placentas<br /> -2, two-cleft. Albumen scanty, uniform. <i>Hoplestigma</i>, <b>194. Hoplestigmataceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -603. (588.) Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, 3-5. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>162. Achariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes, 10. Fruit a berry. Trees. <i>Carica</i>, <b>163. Caricaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -604. (553.) Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>605<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3- or more-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>669<br /> -<br /> -605. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>606<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>621<br /> -<br /> -606. Ovules erect or ascending.<span class="spc">  </span>607<br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous, descending, or horizontal.<span class="spc">  </span>611<br /> -<br /> -607. Fertile stamens 2 or 4.<span class="spc">  </span>608<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5 or 6.<span class="spc">  </span>609<br /> -<br /> -608. Seeds borne on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, exalbuminous. Fruit -capsular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle.<span class="spc">  </span><b>205. Verbenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -609. Stamens opposite the divisions of the corolla. Anthers opening outwards.<br /> -Stigma 1. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>193. Sapotaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternate with the divisions of the corolla. Anthers opening -inward.<span class="spc">  </span>610<br /> -<br /> -610. Stigma 1. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Seeds -exalbuminous. Herbs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. <i>Rochelia</i>, <b>204. Borraginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 2. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Seeds albuminous. Trees -or shrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. <i>Gaertnera</i>, <b>219. Rubiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -611. (606.) Fertile stamens 2 or 4.<span class="spc">  </span>612<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>618<br /> -<br /> -612. Stamens 4, free from the corolla. Corolla regular or nearly so, 2-4-lobed.<br /> -Seeds with abundant albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_55">{55}</a></span>Stamens inserted on the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>613<br /> -<br /> -613. Corolla scarious, regular, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 1. Fruit opening -by a lid. Seeds albuminous. <i>Plantago</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not scarious, more or less irregular, rarely regular, but then stamens<br /> -2 or stigmas 2.<span class="spc">  </span>614<br /> -<br /> -614. Corolla regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the ovary-cells. Disc -wanting. Seeds with scanty albumen. Shrubs. Leaves compound, -but sometimes with a single leaflet. <i>Jasminum</i>, <b>197. Oleaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla more or less irregular, rarely regular, but then stamens 4. Leaves -simple.<span class="spc">  </span>615<br /> -<br /> -615. Flowers regular. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by two slits. Style 2-cleft.<br /> -Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. Low shrubs. Leaves -alternate. <i>Wellstedia</i>, <b>204. Borraginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers more or less irregular. Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely -alternate, but then anthers opening by a single slit or pore.<span class="spc">  </span>616<br /> -<br /> -616. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. Anthers opening by a single -slit or pore. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>208. Scrophulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>617<br /> -<br /> -617. Fruit a capsule. Seeds borne on a hook-like process of the funicle, exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fruit a drupe or a nut. Seeds not on a hook-like process of the funicle, -albuminous. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by two slits. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>205. Verbenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -618. (611.) Flowers distinctly irregular. Stamens united at the base with one -another and with the corolla. Anthers opening by a single pore.<span class="spc">  </span><b>120. Polygalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so. Anthers opening by two slits or pores.<span class="spc">  </span>619<br /> -<br /> -619. Flowers unisexual. Stamens free from the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>620<br /> -<br /> -620. Calyx and corolla of 2-4 divisions each. Stamens 6-8, free from the -corolla or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla of 5 divisions each. Stamens 5, attached to the corolla; -filaments free. Stigmas 2.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -621. (605.) Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>622<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each cell of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>640<br /> -<br /> -622. Fertile stamens 2-3.<span class="spc">  </span>623<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4-30.<span class="spc">  </span>626<br /> -<br /> -623. Flowers regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the ovary-cells, rarely 3.<br /> -Disc wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>197. Oleaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers more or less irregular. Stamens not regularly alternating with -the ovary-cells.<span class="spc">  </span>624<br /> -<br /> -624. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Style 2-cleft. Petals 2-cleft. Seeds exalbuminous.<br /> -Trees or shrubs. <i>Tapura</i>, <b>121. Dichapetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate, opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then, as<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_56">{56}</a></span>nearly always, style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>625<br /> -<br /> -625. Seeds borne on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>208. Scrophulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -626. (622.) Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>627<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5-30.<span class="spc">  </span>634<br /> -<br /> -627. Corolla with 4 divisions.<span class="spc">  </span>628<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with 5 divisions.<span class="spc">  </span>632<br /> -<br /> -628. Flowers more or less irregular. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves opposite -or whorled, without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>629<br /> -<br /> -629. Corolla scarious, regular. Stigma entire. Fruit opening by a lid. Leaves -sessile. <i>Plantago</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not scarious.<span class="spc">  </span>630<br /> -<br /> -630. Leaves alternate. Styles or stigmas 2. Ovules erect<span class="spc">  </span><b>202. Convolvulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>631<br /> -<br /> -631. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse -lines or ridges.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves without either stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>197. Oleaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -632. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones. Flowers regular or nearly so.<br /> -Corolla white. Stigma entire or 4-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seeds -albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>217. Myoporaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely the upper ones alternate, but then -flowers irregular, stigma 2-partite and fruit a capsule or nut.<span class="spc">  </span>633<br /> -<br /> -633. Seeds with scanty albumen. Plants with glandular hairs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>210. Pedaliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds without albumen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -634. (626.) Stamens 5.<span class="spc">  </span>635<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-30.<span class="spc">  </span>639<br /> -<br /> -635. Style (or styles) stigmatose beneath the thickened and sometimes 2-lobed -apex. Corolla with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style (or styles) stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>636<br /> -<br /> -636. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate or connected by transverse lines -or ridges. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>637<br /> -<br /> -637. Ovules erect. Corolla lobed or nearly entire, usually folded in bud.<span class="spc">  </span><b>202. Convolvulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules pendulous. Styles or stigmas 2. Corolla lobed, but imbricate -in bud, or deeply divided. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>638<br /> -<br /> -638. Leaves stipulate. Flowers in axillary cymes or panicles. Fruit a drupe. <i>Dichapetalum</i>, <b>121. Dichapetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_57">{57}</a></span>Leaves exstipulate. Flowers in terminal spikes or heads. Fruit a capsule. <i>Lonchostoma</i>, <b>100. Bruniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -639. Stamens 8. Style 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. <i>Salaxis</i>, <b>189. Ericaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10-30. Styles 2. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. <i>Euclea</i>, <b>195. Ebenaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -640. (621.) Fertile stamens 1-4.<span class="spc">  </span>641<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5-16.<span class="spc">  </span>658<br /> -<br /> -641. Flowers more or less irregular.<span class="spc">  </span>642<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>652<br /> -<br /> -642. Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>643<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones.<span class="spc">  </span>648<br /> -<br /> -643. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse -lines or ridges. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves rarely with stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base, -and then herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>644<br /> -<br /> -644. Seeds with distinctly developed albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>645<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with very scanty albumen or without any.<span class="spc">  </span>646<br /> -<br /> -645. Seeds with funicles provided with a wart-like outgrowth. Placentas -remaining attached to the beaked and recurved valves of the capsule.<br /> -Disc not distinctly developed. Calyx deeply divided. Corolla-lobes<br /> -5, with descending aestivation. Anther-halves not confluent. Stigma -lobed. Flowers in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an outgrowth from the funicle or without a funicle. Placentas -usually separating from the valves of the capsule. Disc more or less -distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span><b>208. Scrophulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -646. Seeds with scanty albumen. Plants with glandular hairs. Stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span><b>210. Pedaliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds without albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>647<br /> -<br /> -647. Seeds borne on a large hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, rarely on a small -cushion-shaped one, and then herbs. Fruit a capsule, the valves bearing -the split dissepiment. Ovules usually few. Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>216. Acanthaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds not on a hook-like outgrowth of the funicle, more or less distinctly -winged or marginate. Fruit a capsule, the valves usually separating -from the more or less dilated dissepiment, or a nut or berry. Ovules -numerous. Stamens 4. Leaves usually compound. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>209. Bignoniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -648 (642.) Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation. Partition of the ovary -usually placed obliquely to the median plane of the flower.<span class="spc">  </span><b>207. Solanaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, not folded aestivation. Partition of the ovary -usually placed transversely to the median plane of the flower.<span class="spc">  </span>649<br /> -<br /> -640. Fruit a drupe. Ovules in each ovary-cell 4-6, in pairs placed one above -the other. Stigma 1. Stamens 4. Anther-halves confluent at the apex.<br /> -Shrubs. <i>Oftia</i>, <b>217. Myoporaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_58">{58}</a></span>Fruit a capsule, nut, or berry. Ovules usually numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>650<br /> -<br /> -650. Seeds exalbuminous, usually horizontal and winged. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Stigmas 2. Stamens 4. Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>209. Bignoniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds albuminous. Leaves simple, but sometimes dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>651<br /> -<br /> -651. Albumen very thin, nearly membranous. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 2.<br /> -Stamens 4. Plants with glandular hairs. Lower leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span><b>210. Pedaliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Albumen distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span><b>208. Scrophulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -652. (641.) Corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>653<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate or imbricate, not contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>654<br /> -<br /> -653. Style stigmatose below the apex. Mostly shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Fruit a septicidal -capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>199. Gentianaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -654. Corolla scarious. Stamens 4. Disc wanting. Stigma 1. Fruit dehiscing -by a lid. Flowers in spikes or heads. <i>Plantago</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not scarious. Fruit dehiscing lengthwise or indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>655<br /> -<br /> -655. Anthers with confluent halves, opening by a transverse slit. Disc more -or less distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span><b>208. Scrophulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers with distinct halves, opening by two longitudinal slits or apical -pores.<span class="spc">  </span>656<br /> -<br /> -656. Leaves alternate, simple, but sometimes dissected. Corolla usually -folded in bud. Partition of the ovary usually placed obliquely to the -median plane of the flower. Ovules generally numerous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>207. Solanaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then compound.<br /> -Corolla not folded. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>657<br /> -<br /> -657. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse -lines or ridges, simple, opposite or whorled. Ovules usually numerous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves without either stipules or transverse lines or ridges at their base.<br /> -Ovules 3-4 in each ovary-cell. Disc none.<span class="spc">  </span><b>197. Oleaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -658. (640.) Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>659<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>662<br /> -<br /> -659. Leaves provided with stipules or connected at their base by transverse -lines or ridges. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves without stipules, but sometimes connected by transverse lines; -in this case herbs or undershrubs. Stamens 5.<span class="spc">  </span>660<br /> -<br /> -660. Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose -at the entire apex. Fruit a berry. Shrubs growing upon trees. <i>Dermatobotrys</i>, <b>208. Scrophulariaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_59">{59}</a></span>Corolla with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>661<br /> -<br /> -661. Style stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes. Fruit a septicidal -capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>199. Gentianaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style stigmatose below the apex. Mostly shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -662. Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>663<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>665<br /> -<br /> -663. Stamens free from the corolla. Herbs. <i>Lightfootia</i>, <b>224. Campanulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens attached to the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>664<br /> -<br /> -664. Corolla almost entire, somewhat irregular. Trees. <i>Humbertia</i>, <b>202. Convolvulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla lobed, rarely almost entire, but then herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>207. Solanaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -665. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose beneath the thickened -and sometimes 2-lobed apex.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Style (or styles) -stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>666<br /> -<br /> -666. Styles 2, free or united at the base. Disc wanting. Corolla regular<br /> -Seeds albuminous; embryo straight. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>203. Hydrophyllaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style 1, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>667<br /> -<br /> -667. Seeds winged, exalbuminous. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Stigmas 2.<br /> -Corolla slightly irregular. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>209. Bignoniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds not winged, albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>668<br /> -<br /> -668. Seeds with straight embryo. Fruit a capsule opening lengthwise. Stigma<br /> -1. Corolla slightly irregular; tube short.<span class="spc">  </span><b>208. Scrophulariaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Seeds with curved embryo. Fruit a capsule opening by a lid, or a berry.<br /> -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>207. Solanaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -669. (604.) Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell<span class="spc">  </span>670<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>685<br /> -<br /> -670. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or -fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>671<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>679<br /> -<br /> -671. Flowers unisexual, regular. Corolla divided almost to the base. Disc -wanting. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. <i>Ilex</i>, <b>128. Aquifoliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>672<br /> -<br /> -672. Anthers opening by an apical pore. Stamens 5. Ovary 3-celled. Flowers -irregular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>120. Polygalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits sometimes confluent at the -apex; in the latter case ovary 4-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>673<br /> -<br /> -673. Stamens free from the corolla or scarcely adhering to it, 4. Flowers -regular.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_60">{60}</a></span>Stamens evidently attached to the corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>674<br /> -<br /> -674. Corolla scarious, 4-lobed, regular. Stamens 4. Disc wanting. Stigma 1.<br /> -Ovules pendulous or laterally affixed. Fruit opening by a lid. <i>Plantago</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not scarious.<span class="spc">  </span>675<br /> -<br /> -675. Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation, regular. Stamens 5. Leaves -alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>202. Convolvulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>676<br /> -<br /> -676. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. Ovules with the micropyle -directed upwards. Leaves, all or the upper ones, alternate, undivided.<br /> -Inflorescences cymose, usually one-sided and coiled when -young.<span class="spc">  </span><b>204. Borraginaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, rarely the same number, -but then ovules with the micropyle directed downwards and leaves -opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>677<br /> -<br /> -677. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones, undivided. Corolla regular,<br /> -5-lobed. Stamens 4. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Ovules -pendulous, the micropyle directed upwards. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. <i>Myoporum</i>, <b>217. Myoporaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled, rarely alternate, but then corolla 2-lipped.<br /> -Ovules with the micropyle directed downwards.<span class="spc">  </span>678<br /> -<br /> -678. Ovary deeply divided, more rarely slightly lobed, and then, as usually, -fruit dry. Inflorescence composed of sometimes one-flowered cymes -arranged in false whorls.<span class="spc">  </span><b>206. Labiatae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovary entire, rarely slightly lobed, and then fruit succulent, drupaceous.<br /> -Inflorescence usually of the racemose type.<span class="spc">  </span><b>205. Verbenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -679. (670.) Anthers 1-celled, opening by a single slit. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves simple, -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>680<br /> -<br /> -680. Style 1, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>681<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2 or more, free or partially united.<span class="spc">  </span>683<br /> -<br /> -681. Stamens more than the divisions of the corolla, 4-8. Fruit a capsule -or nut. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as or more than the divisions of the corolla; in the -latter case, 12 or more. Fruit a berry.<span class="spc">  </span>682<br /> -<br /> -682. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5. Leaves pinnate. <i>Leea</i>, <b>138. Vitaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>193. Sapotaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -683. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals free. Corolla 5-partite. Stamens 10.<br /> -Ovary lobed, 5-celled. Styles 5, free. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>108. Oxalidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous, rarely hermaphrodite, but then sepals<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_61">{61}</a></span>united below and ovary-cells twice as many as the styles.<span class="spc">  </span>684<br /> -<br /> -684. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Shrubs or trees. Flowers solitary or in -cymes, axillary. Corolla with contorted or valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>195. Ebenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then herbs or undershrubs, and -corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Flowers in racemes -or panicles, unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span><b>122. Euphorbiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -685. (669.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>686<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>701<br /> -<br /> -686. Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, or -fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>687<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>693<br /> -<br /> -687. Stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>688<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-7, rarely (<i>Dichapetalaceae</i>) 2-3 only fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>691<br /> -<br /> -688. Corolla irregular, 5-lobed. Seeds with scanty albumen. Herbs. Leaves -opposite, lobed, stipulate. <i>Pretrea</i>, <b>210. Pedaliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla regular, 4-lobed or 4-parted. Seeds with abundant albumen.<br /> -Leaves opposite and exstipulate, or alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>689<br /> -<br /> -689. Flowers unisexual. Corolla deeply divided. Fruit a drupe. <i>Ilex</i>, <b>128. Aquifoliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Fruit a capsule or nut.<span class="spc">  </span>690<br /> -<br /> -690. Stamens free from the corolla or slightly adhering to it at the base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens evidently attached to the corolla-tube. <i>Plantago</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -691. Ovary 4-8-celled. Disc wanting. Corolla deeply divided. Flowers -unisexual. <i>Ilex</i>, <b>128. Aquifoliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Disc present.<span class="spc">  </span>692<br /> -<br /> -692. Corolla folded in the bud. Ovules erect. Seeds albuminous. <i>Ipomoea</i>, <b>202. Convolvulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not folded in the bud. Ovules pendulous. Stigmas 3. Seeds -exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>121. Dichapetalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -693. (686.) Stamens as many to twice as many as the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>694<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>698<br /> -<br /> -694. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Sepals united below, valvate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate, rarely (<i>Oxalidaceae</i>) stipulate, but then sepals free and -imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>695<br /> -<br /> -695. Style 1, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>696<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-8, free or partially united.<span class="spc">  </span>697<br /> -<br /> -696. Stamens 8-10; filaments united; anthers opening by longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>118. Meliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-8; filaments free, rarely united, but then anthers opening by<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_62">{62}</a></span>apical pores. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -697. Sepals free. Corolla deeply divided. Stamens 10. Filaments united -in a cup at the base. Styles 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<br /> -Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span><b>108. Oxalidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals united below. Filaments free or united in several bundles. Shrubs -or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>195. Ebenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -698. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Styles 2-8, free or united at the base.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>195. Ebenaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate, but then style 1, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>699<br /> -<br /> -699. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Style simple. Shrubs or trees. Leaves -undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>145. Scytopetalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with contorted, calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>700<br /> -<br /> -700. Anthers 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -701. (685.) Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla, -or fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>702<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>708<br /> -<br /> -702. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 4. Flowers irregular.<br /> -Albumen scanty.<span class="spc">  </span>703<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>704<br /> -<br /> -703. Anthers opening by a transverse slit. Stigma 1. Ovary 3-celled. Leaves -whorled. Shrubs. <i>Bowkeria</i>, <b>208. Scrophulariaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Stigmas 2.<span class="spc">  </span><b>210. Pedaliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -704. Corolla with valvate or folded aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>705<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>706<br /> -<br /> -705. Leaves opposite or whorled. Calyx and corolla with valvate aestivation.<br /> -Ovary 5-7-celled. Embryo straight. Shrubs. <i>Roussea</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Corolla with folded aestivation. Embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span><b>207. Solanaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -706. Stamens free from the corolla or adhering to it at the base.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens attached on the middle or the upper part of the corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>707<br /> -<br /> -707. Fruit a capsule. Disc wanting. Stamens 4. Leaves without stipules. <i>Plantago</i>, <b>218. Plantaginaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry or a drupe. Leaves opposite or whorled, provided with -stipules or connected by transverse lines at the base. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>198. Loganiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -708. (701.) Stamens 3-12.<span class="spc">  </span>709<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>714<br /> -<br /> -709. Flowers unisexual. Fruit a berry. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>710<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>711<br /> -<br /> -710. Flowers monoecious. Calyx subentire. Corolla of the male flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_63">{63}</a></span>with a long tube, of the female ones with free petals. Staminodes -absent in the female flowers. Ovary sessile. Style short. Stigmas 5.<br /> -Leaves lobed. <i>Cylicomorpha</i>, <b>163. Caricaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Calyx of free sepals. Corolla with a short tube.<br /> -Staminodes present in the female flowers. Ovary shortly stalked. Style -long. Stigma 1, lobed. Leaves undivided. <i>Cercopetalum</i>, <b>87. Capparidaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -711. Styles 5, free. Stamens 10, united at the base. Calyx with imbricate, -corolla with contorted, aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>108. Oxalidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style 1, simple or divided; in the latter case calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>712<br /> -<br /> -712. Leaves exstipulate, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>189. Ericaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate. Calyx with valvate or closed, corolla with contorted, -aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>713<br /> -<br /> -713. Anthers 1-celled, opening by a single slit, twisted, 5. Leaves digitate.<br /> -Trees. <i>Ceiba</i>, <b>143. Bombacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled, opening by two slits or pores.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -714. (708.) Corolla of numerous divisions. Styles 5. Leaves without stipules.<br /> -Herbs. <i>Orygia</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of 5 divisions.<span class="spc">  </span>715<br /> -<br /> -715. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>145. Scytopetalaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>716<br /> -<br /> -716. Calyx with valvate or closed, corolla with contorted, aestivation. Leaves -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>717<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Leaves exstipulate, undivided. Shrubs -or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>719<br /> -<br /> -717. Anthers 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>144. Sterculiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Anthers 1-celled. Filaments united. Embryo curved.<span class="spc">  </span>718<br /> -<br /> -718. Leaves palmately compound. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>143. Bombacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -719. Stamens 15. Style simple, with 5 stigmas. Albumen abundant. <i>Ficalhoa</i>, <b>189. Ericaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than 15. Albumen scanty or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>148. Theaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -720. (552.) Style 1, or styles 2 or more, united at the base or apex.<span class="spc">  </span>721<br /> -Styles 2 or more, entirely free.<span class="spc">  </span>725<br /> -<br /> -721. Stamens numerous. Filaments united. Anthers 1-celled. Ovaries 5 or -more. Calyx with valvate, corolla with contorted aestivation. Leaves -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>142. Malvaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-5. Ovaries 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>722<br /> -<br /> -722. Fertile stamens 2 or 4. Ovaries 4, one-ovuled. Flowers usually irregular.<br /> -Leaves usually opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>206. Labiatae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5. Flowers usually regular.<span class="spc">  </span>723<br /> -<br /> -723. Ovaries 4, one-ovuled. Style or style-branches stigmatose at the apex<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_64">{64}</a></span>or between the apical lobes. Disc present. Leaves, at least the upper -ones, alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>204. Borraginaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovaries 2, rarely 3 or 5, very rarely 4, but then 2-ovuled. Style or styles -stigmatose beneath the thickened apex. Leaves usually opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>724<br /> -<br /> -724. Stylar head with 5 gland-like pollen-carriers alternating with and adhering -to the anthers. Styles 2, united at the top. Pollen-grains cohering.<br /> -Disc wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>201. Asclepiadaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stylar head without pollen-carriers, but sometimes adhering to the anthers.<br /> -Styles partially or wholly united. Pollen-grains free.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -725. Styles 2. Ovaries 2 or 4. Ovules together 4. Stamens 5. Corolla -with folded or valvate aestivation. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>202. Convolvulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Styles 3 or more. Ovaries 3 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>726<br /> -<br /> -726. Sepals 2-3. Corolla-lobes 3-6. Stamens 6 or more. Albumen -abundant, ruminate. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>81. Anonaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4 or more, rarely 3, but then stamens 3. Albumen scanty or -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>727<br /> -<br /> -727. Flowers unisexual. Ovules solitary in each ovary. Fruits indehiscent.<br /> -Trees. Leaves alternate, lobed, stipulate. <i>Platanus</i>, <b>102. Platanaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Ovules 2 or more in each ovary, -rarely solitary, but then leaves opposite. Fruits dehiscent. Leaves -exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>728<br /> -<br /> -728. Ovules 2 in each ovary. Flowers 5-merous. Leaves alternate, pinnate.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>104. Connaraceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous, rarely 1-2 in each ovary, but then leaves opposite -and undivided. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>95. Crassulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -729. (551.) Ovary single, 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>730<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2- or more-celled, or 2 separate ovaries.<span class="spc">  </span>747<br /> -<br /> -730. Ovules 1-4, not distinctly separated from the tissues of the ovary.<br /> -Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla. Shrubs -growing upon trees. <i>Loranthus</i>, <b>61. Loranthaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules distinctly developed. Stamens as many as and alternate with -the divisions of the corolla, or more, or fewer, rarely opposite the divisions, -but then ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>731<br /> -<br /> -731. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>732<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>740<br /> -<br /> -732. Ovule erect.<span class="spc">  </span>733<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>734<br /> -<br /> -733. Stigmas 2. Stamens 3-5; anthers coherent. Corolla with valvate or -open aestivation. Calyx little developed. Seed exalbuminous. Flowers -in heads, rarely in spikes or umbels or solitary. Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>226. Compositae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_65">{65}</a></span>Stigmas 3. Stamens 9-10; anthers free. Corolla with contorted, -calyx with imbricate aestivation. Seed albuminous. Flowers in -racemes or panicles. Leaves stipulate. Tendril-bearing shrubs. <i>Ancistrocladus</i>, <b>166. Ancistrocladaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -734. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>735<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite, whorled, or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span>737<br /> -<br /> -735. Flowers unisexual. Seed exalbuminous. Climbing or prostrate plants.<br /> -Stamens 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Seed albuminous. Erect shrubs. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>736<br /> -<br /> -736. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 4 or 5. Stigma 1. Fruit -dry, indehiscent. Flowers in terminal heads. <i>Berzelia</i>, <b>100. Bruniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens 6 or more. Stigmas 2-6.<br /> -Fruit succulent, drupaceous. Flowers in axillary cymes. <i>Alangium</i>, <b>178. Alangiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -737. Style 3-parted. Stamens 5. Fruit drupaceous. Shrubs or trees. <i>Viburnum</i>, <b>220. Caprifoliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Style simple with 1-3 stigmas or 2-parted. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>738<br /> -<br /> -738. Stamens 5. Corolla with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span><b>219. Rubiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 1-4. Corolla with imbricate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>739<br /> -<br /> -739. Flowers in heads. Calyx surrounded by an epicalyx. Stamens 2-4.<br /> -Seed albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>222. Dipsacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers in cymose inflorescences, without an epicalyx. Stamens 1-3.<br /> -Seed exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>221. Valerianaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -740. (731.) Ovules basal or apical or inserted upon a free central placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>741<br /> -<br /> -Ovules inserted upon two or more parietal placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>745<br /> -<br /> -741. Calyx of 2, corolla of 4-6 divisions. Stamens as many as and opposite -the divisions of the corolla or more. Herbs or undershrubs. <i>Portulaca</i>, <b>73. Portulacaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla of 4-5 divisions each. Stamens as many or fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>742<br /> -<br /> -742. Ovules basal or apical. Stamens as many as and alternate with the -divisions of the corolla or fewer. Corolla usually with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>743<br /> -<br /> -Ovules inserted upon a free central placenta. Stamens as many as and -opposite the divisions of the corolla. Corolla with imbricate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>744<br /> -<br /> -743. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens free. Ovules 4, basal. Stigma<br /> -2-lobed. Seeds albuminous. Undershrubs. <i>Merciera</i>, <b>224. Campanulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -744. Staminodes alternating with the fertile stamens. Fruit a capsule. Herbs -or undershrubs. <i>Samolus</i>, <b>191. Primulaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_66">{66}</a></span>Staminodes wanting. Fruit a berry or nut. Shrubs. <i>Maesa</i>, <b>190. Myrsinaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -745. Stamens numerous. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit a berry. Seeds -albuminous. Succulent, usually leafless plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>167. Cactaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-11. Leafy plants.<span class="spc">  </span>746<br /> -<br /> -746. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Stamens 5-11. Fruit capsular.<br /> -Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>219. Rubiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate, rarely with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 2-5.<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Fruit berry- or nut-like. Seeds -exalbuminous. Leaves nearly always alternate.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -747. (729.) Ovaries 2, distinct. Styles more or less united above, stigmatose -beneath the thickened apex. Stamens 5. Leaves usually opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>748<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1.<span class="spc">  </span>749<br /> -<br /> -748. Stylar head with 5 gland-like pollen-carriers alternating with the anthers, -to which the pollen united into masses adheres. Styles free below the -thickened apex. Disc wanting.<span class="spc">  </span><b>201. Asclepiadaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stylar head without pollen-carriers, but sometimes adhering to the anthers.<br /> -Pollen of free grains.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -749. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>750<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>758<br /> -<br /> -750. Leaves opposite, whorled, or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span>751<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>753<br /> -<br /> -751. Stamens fewer than the divisions of the corolla, 1-3. Ovary 3-celled.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>221. Valerianaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>752<br /> -<br /> -752. Leaves pinnately dissected. Stamens 5. Anthers opening outwards.<br /> -Style 3-5-parted. Fruit a drupe. <i>Sambucus</i>, <b>220. Caprifoliaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>219. Rubiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -753. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as or fewer than the divisions of -the corolla. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stamens as many as or more -than the divisions of the corolla. Seeds albuminous. Trees, shrubs, -or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>754<br /> -<br /> -754. Stamens as many as and opposite the divisions of the corolla. Corolla -with valvate aestivation. Ovary 3-4-celled. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>59. Olacaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and alternate with the divisions of the corolla or -more.<span class="spc">  </span>755<br /> -<br /> -755. Flowers irregular. Corolla folded in bud. Ovules erect. Stigma 1, -enclosed by a cup. Leaves undivided. <i>Scaevola</i>, <b>225. Goodeniaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Ovules pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>756<br /> -<br /> -756. Corolla with imbricate aestivation, divided nearly to the base. Styles -or stigmas 2. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span><b>100. Bruniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_67">{67}</a></span>Corolla with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>757<br /> -<br /> -757. Flowers in cymes. Petals slightly cohering at the base. Leaves undivided. <i>Alangium</i>, <b>178. Alangiaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels, heads, racemes, or spikes. Petals usually united -throughout their whole length. Leaves usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span><b>185. Araliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -758. (749.) Stamens as many as or fewer than the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>759<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more numerous than the divisions of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>769<br /> -<br /> -759. Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>760<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>764<br /> -<br /> -760. Leaves stipulate, undivided. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes, inserted -on the corolla, with free filaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>219. Rubiaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>761<br /> -<br /> -761. Flowers unisexual. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes. Seeds -albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>762<br /> -<br /> -762. Stamens free from the corolla or nearly so. Corolla with valvate aestivation.<br /> -Usually herbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>224. Campanulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Stamens evidently inserted upon the corolla, 5. Corolla with imbricate -or contorted aestivation. Usually shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>763<br /> -<br /> -763. Flowers more or less irregular. Corolla with imbricate aestivation.<br /> -Style stigmatose at the apex. Fruit a berry. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>220. Caprifoliaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Style stigmatose -below the apex. Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -764. Leaves stipulate, entire. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled with 2 ovules -in each cell. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees. <i>Dichapetalum</i>, <b>121. Dichapetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate, rarely stipulate, but then more or less deeply divided -or stamens fewer than 5 or ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>765<br /> -<br /> -765. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 5-merous, regular, rarely somewhat -irregular, in the latter case, as usually, stamens fewer than the divisions -of the corolla. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>223. Cucurbitaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual or polygamous, but then -irregular. Stamens as many as the divisions of the corolla. Seeds -albuminous. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>766<br /> -<br /> -766. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Ovary 2-celled. Style simple, stigmatose -beneath the thickened apex.<span class="spc">  </span><b>200. Apocynaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate (not contorted) or valvate aestivation. Style -stigmatose at the apex or between the apical lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>767<br /> -<br /> -767. Corolla imbricate in bud, regular. Ovary 2-celled, with 2-4 ovules in -each cell. Style simple with 2 stigmas or 2-parted. Shrubs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>100. Bruniaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Corolla valvate in bud, rarely imbricate, but then irregular or ovules<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_68">{68}</a></span>numerous. Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>768<br /> -<br /> -768. Style with hairs or glands in its upper part, rarely without, and then -corolla irregular or imbricate in bud. Stigma more or less deeply -divided, at least after the period of flowering.<span class="spc">  </span><b>224. Campanulaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Style without hairs or glands. Stigma entire, capitate. Ovary 3-4-celled -with numerous ovules. Anthers free. Corolla regular, 5-partite, valvate -in bud. Undershrubs. <i>Berenice</i>, <b>96. Saxifragaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -769. (758.) Stamens 8-10. Seeds with a straight embryo and abundant -fleshy albumen. <i>Vaccinium</i>, <b>189. Ericaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>770<br /> -<br /> -770. Corolla of numerous petals united at the base. Seeds with a curved -embryo and mealy albumen. Herbs or undershrubs. <i>Mesembryanthemum</i>, <b>72. Aizoaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of 3-6 petals. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>771<br /> -<br /> -771. Petals united at the base, imbricate in bud. Filaments united at the -base. Ovary inferior. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>176. Lecythidaceae.</b><br /> -<br /> -Petals united into a hood throughout their whole length, sometimes -finally separating. Filaments free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>772<br /> -<br /> -772. Ovary half-inferior. Seeds albuminous. <i>Rhaptopetalum</i>, <b>145. Scytopetalaceae</b>.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves gland-dotted.<span class="spc">  </span><b>180. Myrtaceae.</b><br /> - -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_69">{69}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="KEY_TO_THE_GENERA"></a>KEY TO THE GENERA</h2> - -<p class="c">EMBRYOPHYTA SIPHONOGAMA</p> - -<p class="c">(PHANEROGAMAE)</p> - -<p class="c">SUBDIVISION GYMNOSPERMAE</p> - -<p class="c">CLASS I. CYCADALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_1">FAMILY 1.</a> CYCADACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem simple, rarely branched at the top, woody, with mucilagineous -juice. Leaves pinnate or pinnatisect, forming a tuft at the top of the -stem and intermingled with scales. Flowers solitary, terminal, in the -shape of a cone (but sometimes overtopped by the continued growth of the -stem), dioecious, without a perianth. Stamens bearing many pollen-sacs -on their lower side. Ovules 2-8 to each carpel, straight, with a single -coat. Seeds drupe-like, albuminous. Embryo with two more or less united -cotyledons.—Genera 3, species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 1.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stem growing through the female flower, covered with the remains of the -old leaves. Leaf-segments one-nerved, coiled in bud. Carpels pinnately -toothed or cleft, each with 4-8 ascending ovules.—Species 2, -one growing wild in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, the other -cultivated and sometimes naturalized in various parts of Africa. Used -as ornamental and medicinal plants; the fruits are edible and the pith -contains starch (sago). [Tribe CYCADEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cycas</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem not growing through the female flower. Leaf-segments with several -nerves, straight in bud. Carpels each with 2 descending ovules. [Tribe<br /> -ZAMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaf-segments with pinnate nerves. Stem without remains of old leaves -at the base. Cone-scales (stamens and carpels) imbricate.—Species 2.<br /> -South-east Africa (Natal). Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stangeria</b> Th. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Leaf-segments with parallel nerves. Stem covered with the remains of -old leaves. Cone-scales not imbricate.—Species 20. South and Central<br /> -Africa. The pith (Kaffir-bread) and the seeds of some species are -eaten and also used for making a sort of beer. Several species yield gum -or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 1.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Encephalartos</b> Lehm.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_70">{70}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">CLASS II. CONIFERAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_2">FAMILY 2.</a> TAXACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem branched, woody, with resinous juice. Leaves alternate, linear or -linear-lanceolate. Flowers solitary or the male umbellate, dioecious, -without a perianth. Stamens with 2-9 pollen-sacs. Carpels free, -one-ovuled, shorter than the seeds, sometimes rudimentary. Seeds 1-2, -drupe-like, surrounded by a fleshy aril. Embryo with 2 or more free -cotyledons.—Genera 2, species 9. (Under <i>CONIFERAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Stamens with 2 pollen-sacs and a triangular blade. Pollen-grains with -air-bladders. Carpels distinctly developed. Ovule inverted, with two -coats. Aril enveloping the seed. Leaves with resin-ducts.—Species<br /> -8. South and East Africa, Madagascar, Island of St. Thomas. They -yield timber and bark for tanning. (Including <i>Nageia</i> Gaertn.) [Subfamily<br /> -<b>PODOCARPOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podocarpus</b> L’ Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens with 5-9 pollen-sacs and a peltate blade. Pollen-grains without -air-bladders. Carpels rudimentary. Ovule straight, with one coat.<br /> -Aril cup-shaped. Leaves without resin-ducts.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa. A poisonous, medicinal and ornamental plant, with hard wood.<br /> -“Yew.” [Subfamily <b>TAXOIDEAE</b>].<span class="spc">  </span><b>Taxus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_3">FAMILY 3.</a> PINACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem branched, woody, with resinous juice. Leaves needle-or scale-like. -Flowers unisexual, without a perianth. Stamens in catkins, with 2-5 -pollen-sacs below the scale-like limb. Carpels arranged in the shape of -a cone or bud, leathery woody or fleshy, when ripe. Ovules 2 or more to -each carpel, rarely only 1. Seeds hidden by the carpels, without an -aril. Embryo with 2 or more free cotyledons.—Genera 6, species 25. -(Under <i>CONIFERAE</i>.) (Plate 2.)</p> - -<p> -1. Leaves alternate (as are also the floral leaves), but sometimes fascicled, -needle-like. Stamens with 2 pollen-sacs. Pollen-grains with air-bladders.<br /> -Carpels divided into an inner and an outer scale, leathery -or woody when ripe. Ovules and seeds 2 to each carpel; ovules turned -downwards. [Tribe ABIETINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled. Stamens with 3-5, very rarely 2 pollen-sacs.<br /> -Pollen-grains without air-bladders. Ovules turned upwards.<br /> -[Tribe CUPRESSINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Shoots all alike (all long). Leaves solitary, flat. Pollen-sacs opening -obliquely or transversely; connective without an appendage. Cones -ripening the first year; scales leathery.—Species 2. North-west<br /> -Africa. The wood and the resin are used, the latter especially for the -preparation of turpentine. “Silver fir.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Abies</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Shoots of two kinds, long and short. Leaves of the short shoots in clusters -of two or more, surrounded by scales when young. Pollen-sacs opening -longitudinally; connective with an appendage. Cones ripening the -second or third year; scales woody.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_1" style="width: 334px;"> -<a href="images/plt_001.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_001.jpg" width="334" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CYCADACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 1.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Encephalartos Lemarinelianus De Wild. & Dur.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Young plant. <i>B</i> Male inflorescence. <i>C</i> Stamen. <i>D</i> Pollen-sacs. -<i>E</i> Female inflorescence. <i>F</i> Carpel. (<i>A</i> partly from De Wildeman, -Notices sur des plantes utiles ou intéréssantes de la flore du Congo.)</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_2" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_002.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_002.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 2.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Callitris cupressoides (L.) Schrad.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Fruiting branch. <i>B</i> Male inflorescence. <i>C</i> Stamen. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> -Carpel. <i>F</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_71">{71}</a></span></p> - -<p> -3. Leaves all needle-like; those of the short shoots in clusters of many; those -of the long shoots scattered. Flowers inserted upon short shoots, -the males solitary. Cone-scales flat, imbricate, without a terminal -appendage, deciduous.—Species 2. North-west Africa. They yield -timber and medicinal drugs. “Cedar.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cedrus</b> Loud.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves of the short shoots needle-like, in clusters of two or three, very -rarely solitary; leaves of the long shoots scale-like. Male flowers in -spikes replacing short shoots; female flowers towards the end of the -branches, replacing long shoots. Cone-scales thick, with a terminal -umbonate appendage, persistent.—Species 4. North Africa; also naturalized -in South Africa and St. Helena. Wood, bark, and resin are used -for carpenters’ and joiners’ work, for tanning and for the manufacture -of paper, tar, pitch, colophony, turpentine, and other chemical products, -as well as in medicine. The seeds of some species (especially those of -the stone-pine, <i>P. Pinea</i> L.) are edible. “Pine.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit fleshy, berry- or drupe-like. Seeds not winged, as many as the carpels -or fewer. Leaves usually needle-like.—Species 9. North and East<br /> -Africa. They yield wood, bark for tanning, resin, an essential oil, -brandy (gin), and medicines; some are used as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Arceuthos</i> Ant. & Kotschy and <i>Sabina</i> Spach).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Juniperus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit woody, cone-like. Seeds winged, as many as the carpels or more.<br /> -Leaves usually scale-like.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Carpels 4, valve-like, separating at the apex when ripe, 1-10-seeded.—Species<br /> -8, one of them only naturalized. North, South, and southern<br /> -East Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius. Some of them (especially<br /> -<i>C. quadrivalvis</i> Vent.) yield timber and resin (sandarac) which is used -for the preparation of lacquer, varnish, cement, and in medicine. (Including<br /> -<i>Tetraclinis</i> Mast. and <i>Widdringtonia</i> Endl.) (Plate 2.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callitris</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 8-10, peltate, separating at the margins when ripe, many-seeded.—Species<br /> -1. Cultivated in North Africa as an ornamental plant and -sometimes naturalized. It yields timber and is used in medicine.<br /> -“Cypress.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cupressus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">CLASS III. GNETALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_4">FAMILY 4.</a> GNETACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem woody. Juice not resinous. Leaves opposite, undivided. Flowers in -spikes or panicles or the female solitary, unisexual, but the male -sometimes with rudimentary ovules. Perianth of the male flowers tubular -or 2-4-parted, of the female bladder-like. Stamens 2-8. Ovule 1, erect, -straight. Embryo with 2 cotyledons.—Genera 3 species 8. North and -Central Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Stem turnip-shaped, very short. Leaves 2, very large, sessile, linear, with<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_72">{72}</a></span>parallel nerves. Flowers in panicled spikes; the male consisting of<br /> -a 4-partite perianth, 6 stamens with 3-celled anthers, and a rudimentary -ovule. Ovule with a single coat.—Species 1; German South-west<br /> -Africa and Angola. (<i>Tumboa</i> Welw.) [Subfamily <b>WELWITSCHIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Welwitschia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stem shrubby or twining. Leaves numerous, not very large. Male -flowers consisting of a 2-partite or a tubular, undivided perianth and<br /> -2-8 stamens with 1-2-celled anthers, without rudimentary ovules, -but sometimes accompanied by sterile female flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaves large, with a short foot-stalk, lanceolate oblong elliptical or oval, -penninerved. Stem climbing. Flowers in spikes or panicles, the male -consisting of a tubular, undivided perianth and 2 stamens with 1-celled -anthers. Ovule with two coats.—Species 2. West Africa. The -young leaves are used as a vegetable. [Subfamily <b>GNETOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gnetum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves scale-like. Male flowers in spikes or panicles, female solitary or -in pairs. Male flowers consisting of a 2-partite perianth and 2-8 -stamens with 2-celled anthers. Ovule with a single coat exceeding the -perianth.—Species 5. North Africa and northern Central Africa.<br /> -The fruits of some species are eaten or used in medicine. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>EPHEDROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ephedra</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<h2><a id="SUBDIVISION_ANGIOSPERMAE"></a>SUBDIVISION ANGIOSPERMAE<br /><br /> -<small>CLASS IV. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE</small></h2> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PANDANALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_5">FAMILY 5.</a> TYPHACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic or marsh herbs with a creeping root-stock and simple stems. -Leaves in two ranks, linear. Inflorescences spadix-like, cylindrical, -superposed, interrupted by bracts, the lower female, the upper male. -Flowers unisexual, without a perianth, but usually surrounded by hairs. -Stamens 2-7; connective thickened; anthers opening lengthwise by two -slits. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style and stigma -simple. Fruit tardily dehiscent. Seed with abundant albumen and a long, -axile embryo.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 4. They are used as ornamental plants and in medicine, -and yield potash and also materials for plaiting and stuffing and for the -manufacture of paper and felt. The root-stock and the pollen are -edible. “Reedmace.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Typha</b> Tourn.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_3" style="width: 335px;"> -<a href="images/plt_003.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_003.jpg" width="335" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PANDANACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 3.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del</p> - -<p>Pandanus Candelabrum Beauv.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Whole plant. <i>B</i> Male inflorescence. <i>C</i> Leaf. <i>D</i> Female -inflorescences. <i>E</i> Male flower. <i>A</i> and <i>D</i> (from Palisot-Beauvois -Flore d’Oware et de Benin.)</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_4" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_004.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_004.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>POTAMOGETONACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 4.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del</p> - -<p>Potamogeton javanicus Hassk.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Fruiting branch. <i>C</i> Flower. <i>D</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise. <i>E</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_73">{73}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_6">FAMILY 6.</a> PANDANACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, usually with aerial roots. Leaves in three ranks, -sword-shaped, usually spiny. Flowers dioecious, without bracts, arranged -in solitary or panicled, spike-or head-like spadices, which are inserted -in the axil of spathe-like bracts. Perianth none. Ovaries connate, -1-celled. Ovule 1, descending, inverted. Stigma 1, sessile. Fruits -drupe-like, congested into a globose or ovoid head. Seed with abundant -albumen. (Plate 3.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 65. Tropics. They yield timber, fibres, flowers used in -perfumery, edible fruits, and medicinal drugs. “Screw-pine.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pandanus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_7">FAMILY 7.</a> SPARGANIACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic or marsh herbs with a creeping root-stock. Leaves in two ranks, -linear. Flowers unisexual, in globular heads, the lower of which are -female. Perianth of membranous scales. Stamens 3 or more. Ovary -superior, 1-2-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style -simple, stigmas 1-2. Fruits drupe-like. Seed with a mealy albumen and a -large, axile embryo. (Under <i>TYPHACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. North-west Africa. “Bur-reed.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sparganium</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER HELOBIAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER POTAMOGETONINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_8">FAMILY 8.</a> POTAMOGETONACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs. Leaves with axillary scales. Flowers solitary or spicate, -regular, with 1-4-merous whorls. Perianth simple and little developed or -wanting. Stamens 1-4. Anthers sessile, opening outwards or laterally. -Carpel 1, with a 1-celled ovary, or several distinct or almost distinct -carpels. Ovules solitary in each carpel, very rarely 2, pendulous or -laterally fixed Fruit indehiscent. Seed exalbuminous. Embryo with a -strongly developed radicle.—Genera 8, species 35. (Including -<i>ZOSTERACEAE</i>, under <i>NAIADACEAE</i>.) (Plate 4.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers in spikes, hermaphrodite or polygamous, without a perianth, -but the stamens sometimes provided with a sepal-like connective.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in cymes, unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Spikes with a flat axis, at the time of flowering enclosed in the sheaths -of the uppermost leaves. Stamen 1. Pollen-grains filiform. Carpel<br /> -1. Stigmas 2, on a short style. Embryo with a very large radicle and a -tail-like cotyledon. Submerged marine plants.—Species 2. North and<br /> -South Africa and Madagascar. Used for stuffing and as packing material.<br /> -“Grass-wrack.” [Tribe ZOSTEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zostera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spikes with a cylindrical axis, at the time of flowering not enclosed in the -sheaths of the uppermost leaves. Stamens 2-4. Stigma 1, undivided<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_74">{74}</a></span>or many-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Spikes compound, submerged. Spikelets shorter than their bracts. Flowers -polygamous. Stamens 3, rarely 4. Pollen-grains filiform. Carpel 1.<br /> -Stigma divided (or provided with narrow appendages). Embryo with<br /> -a very large radicle and a straight cotyledon resembling the leaves of -the plumule. Marine plants.—Species 1. Mediterranean Sea. The -leaves are used for packing and thatching, and also in medicine. [Tribe<br /> -POSIDONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Posidonia</b> Koen.<br /> -<br /> -Spikes simple, above the water. Flowers hermaphrodite. Pollen-grains -globular or bent. Carpels usually 4. Stigma simple, more or less -peltate. Embryo with a curved cotyledon. [Tribe POTAMOGETONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Spikes two-flowered. Stamens 2. Anthers with a very short appendage -and kidney-shaped cells opening outwards. Pollen-grains bent. Fruit -stalked. Embryo with a very thick radicle. Salt-water plants. Leaves -subulate.—Species 1.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruppia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spikes several-flowered. Stamens 4. Anthers with a sepal-like appendage -and straight cells opening laterally. Pollen-grains globular. Fruit -sessile. Embryo with a slightly thickened radicle.—Species 20. Used -for manure; some have edible root-stocks. “Pondweed.” (Plate 4.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Potamogeton</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -5. Perianth none. Stamens 2. Pollen-grains filiform. Carpels 2. Stigmas -strap-shaped, longer than the style. Embryo with an accumbent -cotyledon. Marine plants. [Tribe CYMODOCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Perianth present, at least in the female flowers. Stamens 1-2. Pollen-grains -globular. Carpels 3-9. Stigma shield- or funnel-shaped, -shorter than the style. Embryo with a hooked or rolled cotyledon.<br /> -Fresh- or brackish-water plants. [Tribe ZANICHELLIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Stigma 1. Anthers inserted at slightly different heights. Ripe carpels -scarcely compressed.—Species 2. Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Angola.<br /> -(<i>Halodule</i> Endl., under <i>Cymodocea</i> Koen.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplanthera</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 2. Anthers inserted at the same height. Ripe carpels compressed -and keeled.—Species 5. North Africa, Senegambia, East Africa,<br /> -Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Including <i>Phycagrostis</i> Ascherson)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cymodocea</b> Koen.<br /> -<br /> -7. Perianth in the male flowers none, in the female cup-shaped and undivided.<br /> -Anthers stalked, opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Carpels usually 4, -slightly curved, with a peltate stigma.—Species 1. North and South<br /> -Africa, southern West Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zannichellia</b> Mich.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth in the male flowers 3-toothed, in the female consisting of 1-3 -segments. Anthers sessile, opening with one longitudinal slit. Carpels<br /> -3, straight, with a funnel-shaped stigma.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Althenia</b> Fr. Petit<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_5" style="width: 339px;"> -<a href="images/plt_005.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_005.jpg" width="339" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>APONOGETONACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 5.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Aponogeton leptostachyus E. Mey.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Female flower. <i>C</i> Carpel cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_6" style="width: 336px;"> -<a href="images/plt_006.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_006.jpg" width="336" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ALISMATACEAE</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 6.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Limnophyton obtusifolium (L.) Miq.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_75">{75}</a></span></p><p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Male flower from above. <i>C</i> Male flower cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_9">FAMILY 9.</a> NAIADACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs growing in fresh or brackish water. Leaves linear, toothed or -spiny. Flowers axillary, solitary or in glomerules, unisexual. Perianth -little developed, in the male flowers simple or double, sack-like, in -the female simple and sack-like or wanting. Stamen 1. Anthers 1-or -4-celled. Pollen-grains globular or ovoid. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, -erect, inverted. Style 1; stigmas 2-3. Seed with a hard coat, -exalbuminous. Embryo straight, with a large radicle and a well developed -plumule.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 10. (Including <i>Caulinia</i> A. Braun)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Naias</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_10">FAMILY 10.</a> APONOGETONACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Leaves radical, narrow, with -several longitudinal and many transverse nerves. Flowers in 1-4 spikes -connected at the base, enclosed when young in a sheath, and rising above -the water. Perianth of 1-3 more or less brightly coloured segments. -Stamens 6 or more, hypogynous, free. Anthers attached by the base, -opening with two longitudinal slits. Carpels 3-8, distinct. Ovules in -each carpel 2-8, basal or sutural, ascending, inverted. Fruits -membranous, dehiscent. Seeds 2 or more, erect, exalbuminous, with a -straight embryo. (Under <i>NAIADACEAE</i>.) (Plate 5.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants, especially the lattice-leaf (<i>A. fenestralis</i> Hook. fil.) with -perforated leaves. The tubers are edible and contain starch. (Including<br /> -<i>Ouvirandra</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aponogeton</b> Thunb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_11">FAMILY 11.</a> SCHEUCHZERIACEAE</p> - -<p>Marsh herbs. Leaves linear, with axillary scales. Flowers in terminal -racemes or spikes, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 segments, -usually green. Stamens 3-6. Anthers turned outwards; pollen-grains -ovoid. Ovary 3-6-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, ascending, inverted. -Stigmas sessile. Seeds exalbuminous, with a straight embryo. -(<i>JUNCAGINEAE</i>, under <i>NAIADACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 4. North, South, and West Africa. The leaves and fruits -of some species are edible. (<i>Juncago</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triglochin</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ALISMATINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_12">FAMILY 12.</a> ALISMATACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic or marsh herbs, with milky juice. Leaves with axillary scales. -Flowers regular. Perianth of 3 sepals and 3 petals, rarely in the female -flowers of 3 sepals only. Stamens 6 or more, rarely 3. Anthers opening -outwards. Pollen-grains globular. Carpels 6 or more, rarely 3, distinct -or united at the base. Ovules solitary in each carpel, rarely two or -more, inverted. Seeds without albumen; embryo curved.—Genera 9, species -15. Tropical and North Africa. (Plate 6.)<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_76">{76}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -1. Carpels on a large and distinctly convex receptacle. Inner perianth-segments -petal-like, larger than, or almost as large as the outer. Stamens<br /> -6 or more. [Tribe SAGITTARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Carpels on a small and almost flat receptacle.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Ripe carpels numerous, slightly compressed, -with many ribs.—Species 3. Central and North-west Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Alisma</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echinodorus</b> Engelm.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Ripe carpels much compressed laterally.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers monoecious or polygamous. Petals a little longer than the sepals.<br /> -Carpels many. Ripe carpels with two crest-like ribs.—Species 1.<br /> -Tropics. (<i>Lophiocarpus</i> Miq., under <i>Sagittaria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lophotocarpus</b> Th. Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Petals shorter than the sepals, white. Carpels 7-9.<br /> -Ripe carpels with 3 ribs.—Species 1. German South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rautanenia</b> Buchenau<br /> -<br /> -4. Petals much smaller than the sepals or wanting. Stamens 3 or 9. [Tribe<br /> -WIESNEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Petals larger than the sepals, coloured. Stamens 6, rarely 9. [Tribe<br /> -ALISMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers dioecious. Petals in the female flowers wanting. Stamens 9.<br /> -Carpels about 12.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Burnatia</b> Mich.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious. Petals present, but very small and falling off early.<br /> -Stamens 3. Carpels 3-6.—Species 2. East Africa and Madagascar.<br /> -(<i>Wisneria</i> Mich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wiesnera</b> Mich.<br /> -<br /> -6. Carpels 6-8, united at the base and spreading horizontally, containing<br /> -2 or more ovules each and opening by a lid when ripe.—Species 2. North<br /> -Africa. The root-stock is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Damasonium</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 6-20, distinct, with a single ovule in each, indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers polygamous-monoecious. Carpels 15-20. Pericarp bony within, -hollow on either side. Leaves sagittate.—Species 3. Tropics. (Plate<br /> -6.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limnophyton</b> Miq.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves ovate, cordate, or lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Carpels 6-12, irregularly whorled, slightly compressed and 3-5-ribbed -when ripe; pericarp woody within.—Species 2. Tropics and Egypt.<br /> -(Under <i>Alisma</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caldesia</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 15-20, distinctly whorled, much compressed and 2-ribbed when -ripe; pericarp leathery or parchment-like.—Species 1. North and<br /> -East Africa. The root-stock contains starch and is used in medicine.<br /> -“Water-plantain.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alisma</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_77">{77}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BUTOMINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_13">FAMILY 13.</a> BUTOMACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaves linear or lanceolate. Flowers in -umbel-like cymes, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 segments, all, -or the inner ones only, petal-like. Stamens 9, very rarely fewer. -Pollen-grains globular. Carpels 6, very rarely fewer, distinct or united -at the base only, opening when ripe along the ventral suture. Ovules on -irregularly branched parietal placentas, numerous, inverted. Seeds -without albumen.—Genera 2, species 2. North and Central Africa. (Under -<i>ALISMACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Perianth-segments nearly equal, all petal-like, pink, persistent. Embryo -straight. Leaves linear. Juice not milky.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa (Algeria). Used as a garden plant. The root-stock is edible.<br /> -“Flowering-rush.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Butomus</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments unequal, outer sepal-like, inner petal-like, white, falling -off very early. Embryo horseshoe-shaped. Leaves elliptical. Juice -milky.—Species 1. Northern part of Central Africa. (<i>Butomopsis</i><br /> -Kunth)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tenagocharis</b> Hochst.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_14">FAMILY 14.</a> HYDROCHARITACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs. Leaves with axillary scales. Flowers enclosed when young -in a one-or several-flowered spathe of one or two bracts, regular, -rarely somewhat irregular. Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla, -rarely simple. Stamens 2-12. Anthers opening outwards or laterally. -Ovary inferior, more or less distinctly one-celled, with 2-15 parietal -placentas, which sometimes form incomplete dissepiments. Seeds without -albumen.—Genera 10, species 40. (Plate 7.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stigmas 2-5. Placentas as many, slightly raised.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 6 or more. Placentas as many, much projecting and generally -meeting in the centre of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals none. Stamens 3. Pollen-grains filiform. Stigmas several times -as long as the sepals. Embryo with a strongly developed radicle.<br /> -Totally submerged marine plants. Leaves more or less distinctly -stalked.—Species 2. Indian Ocean. [Subfamily <b>HALOPHILOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halophila</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Petals present, but sometimes very small and falling off very early. Pollen-grains -globular. Stigmas at most twice as long as the sepals. Embryo -with a not very strongly developed radicle. Freshwater plants; flowers -raised above the water. Leaves sessile. [Subfamily <b>VALLISNERIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Leaves whorled. Spathes 1-flowered. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 3.—Species<br /> -1. Upper Nile, Madagascar, Mauritius. Used in refining -sugar. [Tribe HYDRILLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrilla</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_78">{78}</a></span>Leaves spirally arranged. Spathes of the male flowers several-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Spathes of the male flowers 2-10-flowered, not breaking away from the -stem. Stamens 3-9. Ovules inverted.—Species 3. Madagascar and<br /> -Angola. [Tribe BLYXEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blyxa</b> Noronha<br /> -<br /> -Spathes of the male flowers many-flowered, breaking away from the stem.<br /> -Stamens 2-3. Ovules straight. [Tribe VALLISNERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Male flowers regular, with 3 fertile and 2-4 sterile stamens. Stigmas -linear, 2-cleft or 2-parted. Leaves one-nerved. Stem elongated.—Species<br /> -10. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lagarosiphon</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers somewhat irregular, with 2-3 fertile stamens and sometimes<br /> -a sterile one. Stigmas ovate, notched or two-toothed. Leaves several-nerved.—Species<br /> -2. North and Central Africa. Used in refining sugar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vallisneria</b> Mich.<br /> -<br /> -6. Leaves in two rows. Ovules inverted, inserted in the angles formed by the -placentas and the wall of the ovary. Radicle of the embryo strongly -developed. Marine plants. [Subfamily <b>THALASSIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Leaves in rosettes. Ovules inverted, but inserted on the whole surface -of the placentas, or straight. Radicle of the embryo not strongly -developed. Freshwater plants. [Subfamily <b>STRATIOTOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Scape of the male flowers short, of the female long and at length spirally -twisted. Male spathes several-flowered; flowers with 3 petals and 3 -stamens.—Species 1. Madagascar and Red Sea. Yields fibres and -edible seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enalus</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Scapes moderately long, not spirally twisted. Male spathes one-flowered; -flowers without petals, with 6 stamens.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thalassia</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -8. Placentas undivided. Ovules straight. Fertile stamens 9. Stem emitting -runners. Leaves floating.—Species 1. Algeria and Madagascar.<br /> -“Frogbit.” [Tribe HYDROCHARITEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrocharis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Placentas two-cleft. Ovules inverted. Seeds very numerous. Fertile -stamens 6-12. Stem very short, without runners. Leaves at least -partially submerged. [Tribe OTTELIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers hermaphrodite. Spathes one-flowered. Stigmas 6.—Species 9.<br /> -Tropics and Egypt. Some are used as vegetables. (Plate 7.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ottelia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Spathes of the male flowers several-flowered. Stigmas<br /> -9-15.—Species 10. Tropics. Some are used as vegetables.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boottia</b> Wall.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER TRIURIDALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_15">FAMILY 15.</a> TRIURIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Small, pale, yellowish or reddish herbs. Leaves reduced to scales. -Flowers in racemes, regular, monoecious. Perianth of 6 petaloid, valvate -segments united at the base. Stamens 3; filaments short or wanting; -anthers 2-celled, opening transversely. Carpels inserted on a convex or -conical receptacle,</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_7" style="width: 337px;"> -<a href="images/plt_007.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_007.jpg" width="337" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>HYDROCHARITACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 7.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Stamen. <i>D</i> Pistil cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_8" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_008.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_008.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>GRAMINEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i> <i>Pl. 8.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Chloris Gayana Kunth</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_79">{79}</a></span></p><p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Spikelet. <i>D</i> Flower. <i>E</i> -Empty glume above the flower.</p></div> -</div> - -<p class="nind">numerous, distinct; styles lateral; ovules solitary, erect, inverted. -Fruits dehiscing by a longitudinal slit.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 3. West Africa and Seychelles. (Including <i>Seychellaria</i><br /> -Hemsl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sciaphila</b> Blume<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER GLUMIFLORAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_16">FAMILY 16.</a> GRAMINEAE</p> - -<p>Stem usually herbaceous and hollow between the nodes. Leaves alternate, -usually linear and furnished at their base with a sheath split open on -one side and ending in a ligule. Inflorescence consisting of spikelets, -rarely of single flowers, usually enclosed by 2 glumes (outer or empty -glumes) and arranged in spikes, racemes, or panicles. Flowers in the -axil of the flowering glume (or valve), subtended by the usually -2-keeled palea and sometimes by one or two, rarely more, minute -lodicules. Perianth none. Stamens 1-6, usually 3. Anthers opening by 2 -slits or pores. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, erect or laterally affixed, -slightly curved, with the micropyle turned downwards. Styles 2, rarely 3 -or 1. Fruit indehiscent; pericarp usually dry and adnate to the seed. -Embryo outside the copious albumen.—Genera 205, species 1600. -“Grasses.” (Plate 8.)</p> - -<p> -1. Spikelets 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered, the upper flower fertile, the lower -male or barren and inserted immediately below the fertile one. Axis -of the spikelet not produced beyond the fertile flower, jointed below the -outer glumes or not jointed; ripe spikelets falling entire from their -stalk or from the rachis of the spike, sometimes together with a part of -it. [Subfamily <b>PANICOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets either 1-flowered with the axis produced beyond the flower or -jointed above the outer glumes, which therefore persist when the spikelet -falls off, or 2-flowered with both flowers fertile or with a distinct interval -between the flowers or with a continuation of the axis beyond the flowers, -or 3- to many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -2. Spikelets distinctly compressed from the side. Stamens usually 6. Seed -with a linear hilum. [Tribe ORYZEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets compressed from front to back or not distinctly compressed.<br /> -Stamens usually 1-3. Seed usually with a punctiform hilum.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -3. Spikelets in terminal clusters of two or three, connate, at length hardened.<br /> -Stamens 3. Style undivided, papillose.—Species 1. North Africa.<br /> -One source of the Esparto-grass, which is used for plaiting and paper-making.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lygeum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in panicles. Stamens nearly always 6. Style 3-cleft or 3-parted, -with feathery stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Spikelets unisexual; 1-2 sessile female and a stalked male on each branch<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_80">{80}</a></span>of the panicle. Flowering glume globose. Stamens 6. Style 1, -long, 3-cleft. Leaves broad-lanceolate, stalked.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptaspis</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets bisexual or polygamous. Styles 3, short, free or united at the -very base. Leaves linear or narrow lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Outer glumes rudimentary. Flowering glume awnless.—Species 4.<br /> -(<i>Homalocenchrus</i> Mieg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leersia</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes distinctly developed. Stamens 6.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Flowering glume and palea slightly compressed, awnless. Leaves linear-lanceolate, -more or less distinctly stalked.—Species 4. Madagascar -and Natal. (Under <i>Potamophila</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maltebrunia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume and palea strongly compressed.—Species 3, two wild in<br /> -Central Africa, the third (<i>O. sativa</i> L., rice) cultivated in various regions.<br /> -The seeds are used for food and for the preparation of meal, starch, oil, -and brandy, the straw for plaiting and for the manufacture of paper and -brush-ware.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oryza</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. (2.) Flowering glume and palea (if present) stiff or at length hardened, -firmer than the outer glumes and awnless, at least in the hermaphrodite -flowers. Lowest glume usually smaller than the others. Rachis of the -spike or raceme or branches of the panicle rarely jointed. [Tribe<br /> -PANICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume and palea (if present) membranous, thinner than the outer -glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers unisexual, monoecious. Spikelets in panicles, the male in the -lower portion of the panicle or in special panicles. Outer glumes in the -male spikelets none, in the female 2. Lodicules 3. Leaves net-veined.—Species<br /> -2. Tropical and South-East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Olyra</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous; in the latter case spikelets arranged -in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Spikelets partly hermaphrodite, partly male or neuter.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets all hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -10. Spikelets in short spikes consisting of a lower hermaphrodite and two or -three upper neuter spikelets; spikes unilateral on the flattened, leaf-like -rachis of a compound spike. Stem erect. Leaves lanceolate, -sagittate.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllorhachis</b> Trimen.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in a simple spike consisting of 1-2 lower female and 4-6 upper -male spikelets; rachis of the spike enlarged at the base, but not leaf-like.<br /> -Stem creeping.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thuarea</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -11. Spikelets in short spikes sunk in pits on a broad rachis. Stem creeping.—Species<br /> -4. Tropical and South Africa. Used for binding the sand -on riverbanks or as fodder; also in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenotaphrum</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_81">{81}</a></span>Spikelets not sunk in pits on a broad rachis.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Spikelets surrounded or subtended singly or 2-3 together by an involucre -formed of one or several bristles or spines or of 2 toothed glumes inserted -below the two empty glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets without an involucre formed of bristles, spines, or toothed glumes.<br /> -Empty glumes 1-3. Stigmas 2, feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -13. Involucre formed by two toothed glumes. Stigma 1, papillose. Aquatic -herbs.—Species 1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Odontelytrum</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre formed by one or several bristles or spines. Stigmas 2, feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Axis of the spikelet jointed above the persistent involucre. Bristles of -the involucre stiff and rough. Styles free from the base. Spikelets in -spike-like panicles.—Species 30. Some of them (especially <i>S. italica</i><br /> -Beauv.) are cultivated as cereals.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Setaria</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Axis of the spikelet jointed below the involucre or not jointed; involucre -falling together with the spikelet; rarely axis jointed above the persistent -involucre, but then styles united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Bristles of the involucre numerous, stiff, thickened and often united at the -base. Spikelets in spikes or racemes.—Species 10. Tropics and Egypt.<br /> -Some have edible seeds; several are fodder-grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cenchrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Bristles of the involucre fine, not thickened at the base.—Species 65. Some<br /> -(especially the duchn, <i>P. typhoideum</i> Rich.) are cultivated as cereals, as -fodder, or as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Gymnothrix</i> Beauv. and<br /> -<i>Penicillaria</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pennisetum</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -16. Spikelets with 2 outer glumes and 1 flower, or with 1 outer glume and 2 -flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets with 3 outer glumes and 1 flower, or with 2 outer glumes and 2 -flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -17. Spikelets containing an hermaphrodite and a male flower, arranged in -panicles. Glumes awnless. Styles free.—Species 1. South-west Africa<br /> -(Nama-land).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthaenantia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 1-flowered, arranged in one-sided, usually digitate or panicled -spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Rachis of the spike prolonged beyond the spikelets. Style 1, with 2 stigmas.—Species<br /> -3. North-west and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spartina</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Rachis of the spike not prolonged beyond the spikelets. Styles 2, free or -shortly united.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Styles united at the base. Flowering glume papery. Upper outer glume -awned. Spikelets in digitate racemes.—Species 1. East Africa.<br /> -(<i>Stereochlaena</i> Hack.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chloridion</b> Stapf.<br /> -<br /> -Styles free. Flowering glume cartilaginous.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Lower outer glume decurrent into a callous swelling. Flowering glume -mucronate.—Species 6. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriochloa</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Lower outer glume without a callus at the base.—Species 15. Tropical<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_82">{82}</a></span>and South Africa. Used as fodder-, medicinal, or ornamental plants.<br /> -The seeds of several species (especially those of the fundi <i>P. exile</i> Kippist) -are sometime used as food.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paspalum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -21. Spikelets containing two hermaphrodite flowers. Axis of the spikelet -jointed above the persistent outer glumes. Outer glumes awnless.<br /> -Spikelets arranged in panicles.—Species 6. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isachne</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets containing a single hermaphrodite flower and sometimes also a -male flower. Axis of the spikelet jointed below the outer glumes; -spikelet falling as a whole.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. First (lowest) outer glume awned, as well as the second. Spikelets one-flowered, -directed to one side and disposed in panicles.—Species 4.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as fodder.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oplismenus</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -First outer glume awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Second outer glume apparently removed from the first by a conical or -cylindrical, strongly-haired swelling at the base, usually awned or mucronate.<br /> -Spikelets in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Second outer glume without a basal swelling.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. First outer glume as large as or larger than the second, papery.—Species 1.<br /> -South-west Africa to Angola. (Under <i>Panicum</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucophrys</b> Rendle<br /> -<br /> -First outer glume much smaller than the second.—Species 20. Some are -used as ornamental or fodder-plants. (Including <i>Monachyron</i> Parl. -and <i>Rhynchelytrum</i> Nees, under <i>Panicum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tricholaena</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -25. Second outer glume bearing, like the third, a long, twisted awn.—Species 1.<br /> -German East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acritochaete</b> Pilger<br /> -<br /> -Second outer glume unawned.—Species 220. Some (especially <i>P. miliaceum</i><br /> -L., millet, and <i>P. sanguinale</i> L.) are cultivated as cereals, others -furnish vegetables, syrup, or fodder, or are used for plaiting-work or as -ornamental plants. (Including <i>Axonopus</i> Beauv., <i>Digitaria</i> Pers.,<br /> -<i>Echinolaena</i> Desv., <i>Sacciolepis</i> Nash, and <i>Syntherisma</i> Walt.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Panicum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -26. (7.) Outer glumes 3, the lowest smaller than the others, the uppermost -sometimes including a male flower. Rachis and branches of the inflorescence -not jointed. [Tribe TRISTEGINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 1-3; if 3, then the lowest larger than the uppermost.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -27. Spikelets arranged in spikes. First and second outer glume minute, the -third awned.—Species 3. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Beckera</b> Fresen.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets arranged in panicles. Second outer glume not very small.<br /> -Flowering glume awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Lowest outer glume minute, like the second awnless, the third more or less -distinctly awned. Spikelets arranged singly along the branches of -the panicle.—Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used as a -fodder-grass.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melinis</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Lowest outer glume not very small; the third awnless, rarely both the -second and third awned.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Outer glumes, at least the second, awned. Spikelets arranged singly along<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_83">{83}</a></span>the branches of the panicle. (See 24.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tricholaena</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes awnless, the first and second about half the length of the -third and the flowering glume. Spikelets in clusters along the branches -of the panicle.—Species 2. West Africa and Mascarene Islands. Used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thysanolaena</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -30. (26.) Flowers unisexual. Male and female spikelets in different inflorescences, -or male spikelets in the upper, female in the lower portion of the -inflorescence. [Tribe MAYDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely (<i>Andropogon</i>) unisexual, -but then male and female spikelets in the same inflorescence and arranged -in pairs, the male spikelets sometimes rudimentary.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -31. Male spikelets in a terminal spike, the female at its base, enclosed singly or<br /> -2-3 together by a hardened globose bract. Style not very long, 2-cleft.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. Lacryma Jobi</i> L., Job’s tears). North-west Africa,<br /> -Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used medicinally and for -making ornamental articles and rosaries.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coix</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Male spikelets in spikes arranged in a terminal panicle, female in spikes or -spadices with membranous bracts or spathes. Style very long, undivided -or shortly 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Female spikelets in fascicled spikes with a jointed rachis. Style 2-cleft.<br /> -Fruit enclosed when ripe in a cartilagineous case.—Species 1 (<i>E. -mexicana</i> Schrad., Teosinte), cultivated as an ornamental or fodder-plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euchlaena</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -Female spikelets connate into a spadix with a thick, not jointed rachis.<br /> -Fruit projecting beyond the membranous glumes, rarely enclosed by -leathery glumes.—Species 1 (<i>Z. Mays</i> L., maize or Indian corn). Cultivated -for the grain or as a fodder- or ornamental plant. The seeds are -also used for the preparation of starch, oil, and spirituous drinks. The -leaves and spathes yield fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -33. Spikelets in heads surrounded by 2 or 3 involucral bracts, containing a single -hermaphrodite flower. Outer glumes 2, membranous, awnless, the -lower one short. Flowering glume larger than the outer glumes, awnless.<br /> -Stamens 2.—Species 1. North Africa and Senegambia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crypsis</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in spikes, racemes, or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Spikelets arranged singly or in clusters of 3-6, very rarely in pairs, -along the continuous rachis of a spike or raceme. Outer glumes 2.<br /> -[Tribe ZOYSIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets arranged in pairs, one sessile, the other stalked, more rarely -singly or in clusters of 3 or more, along the more or less distinctly jointed -rachis of a spike or raceme or along the branches of a sometimes very -narrow (spike-like) panicle. Outer glumes usually 3. [Tribe ANDROPOGONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -35. Spikelets in clusters of 3-6, falling as a whole.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_84">{84}</a></span>Spikelets solitary along the rachis, rarely in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -36. Clusters of spikelets enclosed by a hard, urn-shaped involucre formed by -the lowest outer glumes. Rachis of the spike wavy.—Species 5. Central -and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthephora</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Clusters of spikelets without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Clusters containing 2-4 fertile spikelets and a barren one. Outer glumes<br /> -1-2, the upper one with hooked spines on the nerves. Rachis of the -spike glabrous.—Species 4. (<i>Nazia</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tragus</b> Hall.<br /> -<br /> -Clusters containing 1-2 fertile and 2-3 barren, often awn-like spikelets.<br /> -Outer glume 1, with rough nerves, awned.—Species 1. Southern West<br /> -Africa (Hereroland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monelytrum</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -38. Styles united at the base; stigmas short, feathery. Outer glumes 2, -glabrous, with a long awn or awnless. Flowering glume smaller. Spikelets -diverging from the rachis.—Species 4. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Used as fodder-grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Perotis</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Styles free or the stigmas elongated and short-haired all round.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Outer glume 1, compressed, keeled, awnless. Styles free. Spikelets -pressed close to the rachis. Leaves stiff.—Species 1. Mascarene<br /> -Islands. (<i>Osterdomia</i> Neck.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zoysia</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 2.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Outer glumes subulate, with a long awn, short-haired. Flowering glume -somewhat shorter, with a rather long awn. Palea slightly shorter -than the flowering glume, acuminate. Styles free. Fruit with a large -hilum. Spikelets in pairs.—Species 1. Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetrachaete</b> Chiovenda<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes and flowering glume with a short awn or awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Outer glumes convex, with hooked spines on the back, awnless. Flowering -glume much shorter, unarmed or mucronate. Styles free; stigmas -feathery. Spikelets with a flattened stalk.—Species 1. Northern part -of Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Latipes</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes compressed and keeled, not bearing hooked spines. Flowering -glume broad, 3-nerved, mucronate or shortly awned. Stigmas -long, short-haired all round.—Species 5. North Africa. Used as ornamental -or fodder-plants. “Foxtail grass.” (Including <i>Colobachne</i><br /> -Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alopecurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -42. (34.) Joints of the rachis much thickened, forming, together with the -appressed or adnate pedicels of the stalked spikelets, hollows in which -the sessile spikelets are sunk. Flowering glumes awnless. Lowest -outer glume leathery or hardened. Sessile spikelets hermaphrodite, -stalked ones male or neuter, rarely (<i>Ophiurus</i>) reduced to the adnate -pedicel and therefore apparently absent. [Subtribe <small>ROTTBOELLIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -Joints of the rachis not much thickened, nor forming hollows for the reception -of the spikelets, rarely slightly concave, but then flowering glumes of -the sessile spikelets awned or (<i>Elionurus</i>) the lowest outer glume membranous -or papery and marked with two transparent balsamiferous<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_85">{85}</a></span>streaks.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -43. Lower outer glume awned or tailed, at least in the stalked spikelets.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -Lower outer glume neither awned nor tailed, rarely tailed in the terminal -spikelet only.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -44. Lower outer glume with a long tail (or soft awn). Racemes digitate.<br /> -Aquatic herbs.—Species 1. Central Africa. Forming the chief element -of the grass-barriers (sudd) of the upper Nile.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vossia</b> Wall. & Griff.<br /> -<br /> -Lower outer glume with 1-2 short awns, or in the stalked spikelets with a -long awn, in the sessile awnless. Racemes solitary or arranged in -racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Lower outer glume with 1-2 short awns. Joints of the rachis horizontally -truncate without an appendage.—Species 7. Central Africa. Used -for plaiting-work. (<i>Rhytidachne</i> Hack., including <i>Jardinea</i> Steud.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhytachne</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Lower outer glume in the sessile spikelets awnless, in the stalked ones with<br /> -a long awn or tail. Joints of the rachis obliquely truncate with an -appendage at the tip.—Species 5. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urelytrum</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -46. Lower outer glume globular, pitted. Leaves cordate at the base.—Species<br /> -1. Tropics. Used in medicine. (Including <i>Hackelochloa</i> O.<br /> -Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manisuris</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Lower outer glume more or less ovate, flat or rounded on the back.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Stalked spikelets reduced to the adnate pedicel and therefore apparently -absent.—Species 1. Northern East Africa. (Under <i>Rottboellia</i> L. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ophiurus</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Stalked spikelets containing a male flower or reduced to empty glumes.—Species<br /> -15. (Including <i>Hemarthria</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rottboellia</b> L. fil.<br /> -<br /> -48. (42.) Sessile spikelets 2-flowered, the lower flower male, the upper male -or hermaphrodite. Stalked spikelets 1-2-flowered or reduced to -empty glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Sessile spikelets 1-flowered, rarely all spikelets stalked and 1- or (<i>Imperata</i>)<br /> -2-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -49. Sessile spikelets containing 2 male flowers, stalked spikelets a male and a -female or hermaphrodite flower. Outer glumes of the sessile spikelets -awned. Flowering glumes awnless. Spikelets in compound racemes.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyphochlaena</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -Sessile spikelets containing a male and an hermaphrodite flower. Flowering -glumes of the sessile spikelets nearly always awned. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>ISCHAEMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Racemes reduced to the 3 terminal spikelets, surrounded by sheathing -bracts, fasciculate; fascicles arranged in panicles. Stamens 2-3.—Species<br /> -1. Islands of Réunion and Socotra. Used as an ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apluda</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Racemes consisting of numerous pairs of spikelets, solitary or digitate; -one spikelet of each pair sometimes reduced to the pedicel. Stamens<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_86">{86}</a></span>3.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Stalked spikelets reduced to the pedicel. Lower outer glume tuberculate.—Species<br /> -1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thelepogon</b> Roth<br /> -<br /> -Stalked spikelets 1-2-flowered or reduced to empty glumes.—Species 7.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as fodder- or garden plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ischaemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -52. Spikelets all alike, hermaphrodite. [Subtribe <small>SACCHARINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets of two kinds, the sessile hermaphrodite, rarely female, the stalked -ones male or neuter, sometimes reduced to the pedicel. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>ANDROPOGONINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -53. Rachis of the raceme jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -Rachis of the raceme not jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -54. Racemes more or less palmately arranged on a short main axis, rarely -solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -Racemes arranged in panicles along a slender main axis, silky. Spikelets -in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -55. Spikelets solitary on the branches of the inflorescence, all sessile. Flowering -glumes awned from the back. Leaves cordate-lanceolate.—Species 5.<br /> -Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arthraxon</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in pairs on the branches of the inflorescence, one sessile, the other -stalked. Flowering glumes awned from the tip, rarely awnless. Leaves -linear or lanceolate with a narrow base.—Species 5. South and East<br /> -Africa, Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. (Including <i>Eulalia</i><br /> -Kunth)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pollinia</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -56. Flowering glume produced into a bristle or awn.—Species 5. South Africa, -southern Central Africa, and Algeria. Some are used as ornamental -plants or for plaiting mats.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erianthus</b> Michx.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume unarmed like the other glumes.—Species 5. One of them<br /> -(<i>S. officinarum L.</i>, sugar-cane) known only in a cultivated state. It -is used for the manufacture of sugar, syrup, rum, and wax, also as a -vegetable and a fodder-plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saccharum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -57. Spikelets in pairs along the rachis of the raceme, awnless. Outer glumes 3, -membranous, silky. Stamens 1-2.—Species 1 (<i>I. cylindrica</i> P.<br /> -Beauv.) Sometimes a noxious weed in plantations, but also used for -paper-making, and as a fodder-, medicinal or ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Imperata</b> Cyr.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets scattered along the rachis of the raceme, awned.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -58. Outer glumes 3, the two lower stiff. Flowering glume very small, ending -in a long awn. Panicle spreading, hairy.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleistachne</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 2. Flowering glume rather large, with a usually short awn -in a terminal notch or on the back. Panicle spike-like.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -59. Stigmas projecting at the tip of the spikelet, short-haired all round. Outer<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_87">{87}</a></span>glumes awnless, rarely with a short awn. (See 41.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alopecurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas projecting near the base of the spikelet, feathery. Outer glumes -with usually long awns.—Species 6. North Africa, Abyssinia, and<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Beardgrass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polypogon</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -60. (52.) Racemes bearing at their base a false whorl of 4 male or neuter spikelets -and subtended by a spathe-like bract, more rarely without a bract.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -Racemes without a whorl of male or neuter spikelets at their base, rarely -surrounded by an imperfect whorl of spikelets, but then racemes in pairs -subtended by a common spathe.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -61. Hermaphrodite spikelets produced at the base into an appendage decurrent -along the rachis, easily separating from the whorl of spikelets below them.—Species<br /> -2. (<i>Anthistiria</i> L. fil.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Themeda</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Hermaphrodite spikelets without a decurrent appendage at the base, -falling together with the whorl of spikelets below them.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in the Island of Mauritius. (Under <i>Anthistiria</i> L. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iseilema</b> Anders.<br /> -<br /> -62. Spikelets all stalked, in pairs, the longer-stalked hermaphrodite, the shorter-stalked -male. Rachis of the raceme indistinctly jointed. Racemes -terminal, solitary or 2-3 together.—Species 1. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trachypogon</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets partly sessile, partly stalked. Rachis of the raceme distinctly -jointed, fragile at maturity, rarely indistinctly or not jointed, but then -spikelets in clusters of three, arranged in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -63. Lowest outer glume marked with two transparent balsamiferous streaks, -usually 2-toothed. Glumes awnless. Racemes solitary; rachis nearly -always silky.—Species 10. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elionurus</b> Humb. & Bonpl.<br /> -<br /> -Lowest outer glume without balsamiferous streaks. Flowering glumes of -the sessile spikelets awned, very rarely awnless and then racemes nearly -always panicled.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -64. Flowering glumes awned from the back. Leaves cordate at the base.<br /> -(See 55.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arthraxon</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes awned from the tip or awnless. Leaves not cordate.—Species<br /> -110. The sorghum or Guinea corn (<i>A. Sorghum</i> Brot.) is cultivated -as a cereal and used for manufacturing sugar, spirituous drinks, -dyes, and brushware. Other species are used in perfumery (lemon-grass, -vetiver-root) and medicine, for plaiting-work, or as fodder- or garden-plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Anatherum</i> Beauv., <i>Chrysopogon</i> Trin., <i>Cymbopogon</i><br /> -Spreng., <i>Euclaste</i> Franch., <i>Heterochloa</i> Desv., <i>Heteropogon</i> Pers., <i>Homopogon</i><br /> -Stapf, and <i>Sorghum</i> Pers.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Andropogon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -65. (1.) Leaf-blade jointed with the sheath and finally separating from it, -often contracted at the base into a short stalk, usually transversely<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_88">{88}</a></span>veined. Stem generally woody. [Subfamily <b>BAMBUSOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -Leaf-blade passing into the sheath without a joint and without a stalk, -rarely transversely veined. Stem herbaceous. [Subfamily <b>POOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -66. Stamens 3. Styles 2-3, free. Outer glumes 1-2. Pericarp dry and -thin. [Tribe ARUNDINARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -67. Spikelets 2-flowered. Upper flowering glume keeled. Herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microcalamus</b> Franch.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets many-flowered. Flowering glumes not keeled. Undershrubs -or shrubs.—Species 2. East and South Africa. They yield wood, -fibre, vegetables, edible seeds, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arundinaria</b> Michx.<br /> -<br /> -68. Fruit a nut or a berry; pericarp thick, free from the seed. Tall shrubs -or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a caryopsis; pericarp thin, adnate to the seed. [Tribe BAMBUSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -69. Palea rounded on the back, similar to the flowering glume. Spikelets<br /> -1-flowered. [Tribe MELOCANNEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -Palea 2-keeled. Fruit a nut. [Tribe DENDROCALAMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -70. Spikelets in one-sided spikes, the axis not continued beyond the flower.<br /> -Outer glumes acuminate. Fruit a large apple-like berry. Trees.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the Island of Mauritius. The fruits are edible; -also the wood and the fibres are used.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melocanna</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in panicled clusters, the axis continued beyond the flower in the -form of a bristle. Outer glumes rolled inwards. Fruit a small wrinkled -nut. Shrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizostachyum</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -71. Spikelets 1-flowered, in scattered heads. Lodicules 2-3, large. Fruit -oblong.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalostachyum</b> Munro<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2- or more-flowered, in panicled glomerules. Lodicules 1-2, -very small, or absent. Fruit subglobular, beaked.—Species 1. Naturalized -in the Island of Mauritius. Yields wood, fibre, vegetables, edible -seeds, and medicaments, and is also used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dendrocalamus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -72. Filaments united into a tube. Palea of the uppermost (hermaphrodite) -flower of each spikelet usually 1-keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free. Palea of the uppermost flower 2-keeled, rarely without a -keel.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -73. Spikelets terete. Lodicules none. Tall shrubs.—Species 5. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oxytenanthera</b> Munro<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets compressed. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -74. Outer glumes 2. Fruit spindle-shaped, furrowed; style much broadened -at the base. Spikelets in racemes.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atractocarpa</b> Franch.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 3-4. Fruit subglobular, not furrowed; style not broadened.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_89">{89}</a></span>5. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Puelia</b> Franch.<br /> -<br /> -75. Spikelets 1-flowered. Outer glumes 6-10. Ovary glabrous. Style<br /> -2-3-cleft or -parted. Tall shrubs.—Species 3. Madagascar and<br /> -Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nastus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2- or more-flowered. Outer glumes 1-6.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Lodicules none. Spikelets 2-flowered, in clusters surrounded by two -bracts. Ovary glabrous. Style undivided, hairy.—Species 1. German<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oreobambus</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Lodicules 2-3. Spikelets without bracts. Ovary hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Lodicules 2. Outer glume 1. Palea not winged on the keels. Styles 2, -free. Spikelets many-flowered. Herbs with 4 large leaves.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under <i>Guaduella</i> Franch.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microbambus</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Lodicules 3. Outer glumes usually 2.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Palea with winged keels. Spikelets strongly flattened. Herbs.—Species<br /> -5. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guaduella</b> Franch.<br /> -<br /> -Palea not winged on the keels. Spikelets slightly flattened. Tall shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. They yield wood, -fibre, vegetables, edible seeds, drinks, and medicaments, and are also -used as ornamental plants. “Bamboo.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bambusa</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -79. (65.) Spikelets sessile in the notches on the rachis of a nearly always equal-sided -spike, usually 2-ranked. [Tribe HORDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets along a rachis without notches, in usually one-sided spikes or in -racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -80. Spike one-sided. Spikelets solitary in each notch, 1-flowered. Outer -glume 1, minute. Flowering glume awned. Stigma 1. Leaves stiff.—Species<br /> -1. Azores. “Matgrass.” [Subtribe <small>NARDEAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nardus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spike equal-sided. Stigmas 2.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -81. Spikelets solitary in each notch of the spike.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2-6 in each notch of the spike. [Subtribe <small>ELYMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -82. Spikelets with the back towards the hollows of the rachis. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>LOLIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets with the side towards the hollows of the rachis.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -83. Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, the terminal one with 2 outer glumes, the -others with one.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2- to many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -84. Flowering glumes with a hairy callus at their base. Outer glumes 1-3-nerved.<br /> -Dwarf herbs.—Species 2. South and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oropetium</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with a glabrous, sometimes rudimentary callus.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -85. Joints of the rachis of the spike produced into wing-like appendages.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ischnurus</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Joints of the rachis of the spike without wing-like appendages.—Species 3.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_90">{90}</a></span>Madagascar, South and North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monerma</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -86. Spikelets 2-flowered. Styles long. Outer glumes 2. Flowering glumes -produced into 3 points.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -(Including <i>Kralikiella</i> Coss. et Durieu).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kralikia</b> Coss. et Durieu<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets many-flowered. Styles very short.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -87. Outer glumes 2, awnless. Flowering glumes with 2 points and a dorsal -awn. Lodicules 2-cleft. Fruit hairy at the top.—Species 2. North<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Meringurus</i> Murbeck).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gaudinia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes in the terminal spikelets 2, in the lateral single. Fruit -glabrous.—Species 6. North, South, and East Africa. Two species<br /> -(ray-grass) are cultivated on lawns; one (the darnel, <i>L. temulentum</i> L.) -is poisonous. (Including <i>Arthrochortus</i> Lowe).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lolium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -88. Spikelets 1-, very rarely 2-flowered, in a slender spike; joints of the spike -separating at maturity together with the lower spikelet. Outer glumes -approximate in front. [Subtribe <small>LEPTURINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2- to many-flowered, in usually stout spikes; joints of the spike -separating at maturity together with the upper spikelet or not separating -at all. Outer glumes opposite one another. [Subtribe <small>TRITICINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -89. Outer glume 1, very small. Flowering glumes awned. Stamen 1. Rachis -of the spike with but slightly hollowed joints.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psilurus</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 2, large. Flowering glumes awnless.—Species 4. North<br /> -Africa, Abyssinia, Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepturus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -90. Flowering glumes decurrent into a callus limited by a furrow, falling with -the fruit when ripe. Fruit adhering to the palea.—Species 7. North<br /> -Africa, Abyssinia, South Africa. The quitch grass (<i>A. repens</i> Beauv.) -is used for binding the sand, as fodder, for making syrup, and medicinally.<br /> -(Including <i>Eremopyrum</i> Jaub. et Spach).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agropyrum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes without a callus at the base, persisting at maturity.<br /> -Fruit free.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Outer glumes ovate, 3- to many-nerved. Fertile spikelets ventricose,<br /> -2-5-flowered. Spike usually with a terminal spikelet.—Species 13.<br /> -Ten species spontaneous in North Africa and Abyssinia, the others<br /> -(especially the wheat, <i>T. sativum</i> Lam. and <i>polonicum</i> L.) cultivated -in various regions. The latter are used as cereals and for plaiting-work, -other species as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Aegilops</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triticum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes oblong lanceolate or subulate, 1-2-nerved. Spikelets not -ventricose, 2-, rarely 3-flowered. Spike without a terminal spikelet.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -92. Outer glumes truncate, two-keeled, with a long awn. Flowering glumes -awned from below the tip. Spike very dense.—Species 2. North-west<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haynaldia</b> Schur<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes acuminate, one-nerved. Flowering glumes awned from the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_91">{91}</a></span>tip. Spike rather loose.—Species 3. North Africa, Abyssinia, and<br /> -South Africa. One of them (the rye, <i>S. cereale</i> L.) is cultivated as a -cereal and also used as fodder, for making brandy and paper, and for -plaiting-work.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Secale</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -93. Spikelets 1-flowered, sometimes with an empty glume above the flower.<br /> -Flowering glume awned.—Species 8. North Africa; some species also -cultivated or naturalized in Abyssinia, Madagascar, and South Africa.<br /> -The barley (<i>H. sativum</i> Jessen) is cultivated as a cereal and for making -beer; it is also used as fodder and for medicinal purposes. Other species -are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hordeum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2-6-flowered.—Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental -plants. “Lymegrass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elymus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -94. (79.) Spikelets in two rows approximated to one another, forming one-sided, -sometimes panicled spikes (or spike-like racemes). [Tribe CHLORIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in sometimes spike-like but equal-sided racemes or more frequently -in panicles not consisting of one-sided spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -95. Spikelets containing 1 hermaphrodite flower.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets containing 2 or more hermaphrodite flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -96. Spikelets bearing no male flowers or empty glumes above the hermaphrodite -flower, but sometimes ending in a short bristle.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets bearing above the hermaphrodite flower a male flower or one or -several empty, sometimes very small or awn-like glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -97. Spikelets awned.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -98. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer glumes, with a very long -awn. Spikes 1-4, terminal.—Species 3. Central Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schoenefeldia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume almost as long as the outer glumes, with a short awn.<br /> -Spikes numerous, arranged along a common axis.—Species 4. Southern<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Willkommia</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -99. Spikes solitary, terminal.—Species 3. Central and South Africa. Used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microchloa</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Spikes digitate or in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -100. Spikes digitate, 3-5. Flowering glume usually larger than the outer -glumes.—Species 5. Some are used as pasture-grasses or in medicine.<br /> -“Dogstooth.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynodon</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Spikes arranged along a common axis. Rachis of the spike dilated.<br /> -Flowering glume much smaller than the outer glumes.—Species 2.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craspedorhachis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -101. Outer glumes 4. Second outer glume and flowering glume awned. Spikes -solitary, rarely 2-3 together.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa -and Egypt. (Including <i>Campulosus</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ctenium</b> Panzer<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_92">{92}</a></span>Outer glumes 2.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Spike 1, terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -Spikes 2 or more, sometimes fascicle-like.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -103. Flowering glume many-nerved, awned. Styles united at the base, with -shortly bearded, at length spirally twisted stigmas.—Species 1. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Streptogyne</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume 3-nerved. Styles free, with feathery stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -104. Spikelets awned, imbricate, in slender spikes.—Species 6. East and<br /> -South Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enteropogon</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets awnless, crowded, in stout spikes.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpechloa</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -105. Spikes in false whorls or closely superposed.—Species 25. Some are used -as ornamental or fodder-plants. (Plate 8.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chloris</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Spikes all distant or the lowest only approximate.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -106. Spikes very short and very dense. Outer glumes ciliate, with a straight -awn. Flowering glume with 3 awns. Several empty glumes above the -flowering glume. Low grasses.—Species 1. Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melanocenchris</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spikes more or less elongated and loose. Flowering glume with 1 awn -or awnless. Rather tall grasses.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -107. Flowering glume awned, 2-toothed. Empty glume above the flowering -one awn-like. Spikes very loose, at first erect.—Species 1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnopogon</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume awnless. Spikes rather dense, spreading.—Species 8.<br /> -Central Africa. Some have edible seeds. (Including <i>Cypholepis</i><br /> -Chiov.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptochloa</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -108. (95.) Spikes 1-3, terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -Spikes more than 3.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -109. Flowering glumes with 3, sometimes very short awns. Spikelets many-flowered.<br /> -Spikes long, rather loose.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tripogon</b> Roth<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with one awn or mucro or unarmed. Spikes dense, -usually short.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -110. Flowering glumes with a rather long awn, long-haired on the back. Spikelets<br /> -2-3-flowered.—Species 6. Central and North Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Lepidopironia</i> Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetrapogon</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes unarmed or mucronate.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -111. Spikes 2-3 together. Spikelets 3-4-flowered. Fruit almost orbicular.<br /> -Leaves rather broad.—Species 1. Egypt and Nubia. (Under <i>Eragrostis</i><br /> -Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coelachyrum</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spike solitary. Fruit oblong. Leaves narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -112. Spikelets 2-flowered. Flowering glumes and paleas delicately membranous.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa. (<i>Prionanthium</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prionachne</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 3- to many-flowered. Flowering glumes and paleas firmly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_93">{93}</a></span>membranous, rather stiff.<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -113. Outer glumes subequal.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wangenheimia</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes very unequal or only one present.—Species 50. Some are -used for the manufacture of paper or as ornamental or fodder-plants.<br /> -Fescue.” (Including <i>Ctenopsis</i> De Not., <i>Nardurus</i> Reichb., and<br /> -<i>Vulpia</i> Gmel.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Festuca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -114. (108.) Outer glumes 4. Spikelets falling entire.<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 2, usually persisting on the stalk of the spikelet.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -115. Outer glumes 1-nerved. Flowering glumes 5-nerved. Styles short.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetrachne</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 3-8-nerved. Flowering glumes 7-11-nerved. Styles -long.—Species 2. South Africa and Angola. (Under <i>Tetrachne</i> Nees).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Entoplocamia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -116. Outer glumes shortly awned, much longer than the flowering glumes.<br /> -Spikes short, distant, at length bent downward.—Species 2. Central<br /> -Africa and Egypt. Used as ornamental grasses. (<i>Dineba</i> Jacq.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dinebra</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes unarmed or mucronate, shorter than the flowering glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -<br /> -117. Spikelets very densely crowded. Spikes digitate, at least the upper.<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets not very densely crowded. Spikes distant.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -118. Spikes ending in a point. Outer glumes mucronate.—Species 6. Used -as cereals, fodder-, medicinal, or ornamental plants, and for making beer.<br /> -(Under <i>Eleusine</i> Gaertn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dactyloctenium</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Spikes terminated by a spikelet. Outer glumes usually unarmed. Pericarp -usually loose.—Species 10. The coracan (<i>E. coracana</i> Gaertn.) is -cultivated as a cereal and for the preparation of beer; other species are -used as medicinal or ornamental plants. (Including <i>Acrachne</i> Wight<br /> -Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eleusine</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -119. Flowering glumes rounded on the back. Pericarp more or less adhering -to the palea. (See 113.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Festuca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes keeled. Pericarp free.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -120. Glumes thinly membranous, the outer subequal.<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -Glumes firmly membranous, glabrous, the outer conspicuously unequal.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -121. Flowering glumes 4-toothed, shortly awned.—Species 3. East and South<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Diplachne</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptocarydium</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes entire or obscurely 2-3-toothed. (See 107.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptochloa</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -122. Spikelets 2-8-flowered, with a jointed, ciliate axis. Lodicules very small.<br /> -Fruit linear-oblong, closely enveloped by the glumes.—Species 2. South -and East Africa. Used as fodder-grasses. (Under <i>Eragrostis</i> L. or<br /> -<i>Leptochloa</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pogonarthria</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets many-flowered, with a tough axis. Lodicules rather large.<br /> -Fruit ovate, loosely enveloped by the glumes.—Species 1. East Africa<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_94">{94}</a></span>and Egypt. (<i>Stapfiola</i> O. Ktze., under <i>Eragrostis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmostachya</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -123. (94.) Spikelets 1-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>124<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2- or more-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>153<br /> -<br /> -124. Outer glumes 4, rarely 3. Palea usually 1-nerved. [Tribe PHALARIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>125<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 2, rarely 1 or none. Palea usually 2-nerved. [Tribe<br /> -AGROSTIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>129<br /> -<br /> -125. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical, transversely veined. Spikelets in pairs -on the branches of a panicle. Outer glumes 3.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poecilostachys</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves linear. Flowering glume awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>126<br /> -<br /> -126. Upper two outer glumes, or at least the uppermost, larger than the lower.<br /> -Stamens 6, rarely 3.—Species 25. South and East Africa, Mascarene<br /> -Islands, St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ehrharta</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Upper two outer glumes smaller than the lower, more rarely equalling -them. Stamens 2-3.<span class="spc">  </span>127<br /> -<br /> -127. Upper two outer glumes awnless, smaller than the lower. Flowering glume -and palea hardening. Lodicules present. Stamens 3.—Species 10.<br /> -North, East, and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental -grasses. The seeds of <i>Ph. canariensis</i> L. (Canary-seeds) are used as food -and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phalaris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Upper two outer glumes awned; lower two unequal. Flowering glume -and palea membranous. Lodicules none. Stamens 2.<span class="spc">  </span>128<br /> -<br /> -128. Upper two outer glumes smaller than the lower.—Species 5. North-west -and Central Africa. The vernal grass (<i>A. odoratum</i> L.) imparts a sweet -scent to new-made hay.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthoxanthum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Upper two outer glumes about as large as the lower.—Species 5. South<br /> -Africa and Madagascar. “Holygrass.” (<i>Ataxia</i> R. Br., under <i>Anthoxanthum</i><br /> -L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hierochloë</b> Gmel.<br /> -<br /> -129. (124.) Stigmas shortly branched all round, protruding between the tips -of the slightly gaping glumes. [Subtribe <small>PHLEINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>130<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas feathery, protruding above the base of the spikelet or enclosed in -it.<span class="spc">  </span>133<br /> -<br /> -130. Flowering glume rather stiff, awned or mucronate. Axis of the spikelet -produced beyond the flower into a bristle usually bearing an empty -glume.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fingerhuthia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume thinly membranous, unarmed. Axis of the spikelet -rarely produced beyond the flower into a bristle without empty -glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>131<br /> -<br /> -131. Spikelets in slender simple spikes. Outer glumes obscurely keeled, -unarmed. Flowering glume somewhat shorter than the outer. Leaves -awl-shaped.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mibora</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in spike-like panicles. Outer glumes distinctly keeled. Leaves<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_95">{95}</a></span>flat.<span class="spc">  </span>132<br /> -<br /> -132. Flowering glume somewhat longer than the outer. Outer glumes unarmed.—Species<br /> -4. North Africa to Senegambia, East Africa, Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heleochloa</b> Host<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume much shorter than the outer. Outer glumes mucronate -or shortly awned.—Species 5. North Africa to Senegambia. Some -species have edible seeds or are used as ornamental grasses. <i>Ph. pratense</i><br /> -L. is a valuable fodder-grass. “Timothy-grass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phleum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -133. Flowering glume harder than the outer glumes at maturity, tightly -enclosing the fruit. Axis of the spikelet not prolonged beyond the -flower. [Subtribe <small>STIPINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>134<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume thinner than the outer at maturity, loosely enclosing -or not enclosing the fruit, rarely harder or tightly enclosing the fruit, -but then the axis of the spikelet prolonged into a bristle.<span class="spc">  </span>137<br /> -<br /> -134. Flowering glume awnless.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -Yields edible seeds and is used as an ornamental grass.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Milium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume awned.<span class="spc">  </span>135<br /> -<br /> -135. Flowering glume narrow, with a 3-branched awn, but the lateral branches -sometimes very short. Lodicules 2.—Species 80. Some of them have -edible seeds or are used as fodder. (Including <i>Arthratherum</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aristida</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume with a single awn.<span class="spc">  </span>136<br /> -<br /> -136. Flowering glume narrow, with a strong, kneed, usually twisted, persistent -awn. Palea not distinctly keeled. Lodicules usually 3.—Species 15.<br /> -North Africa, northern East Africa, Madagascar, and South Africa.<br /> -The Esparto-grass (<i>St. tenacissima</i> L.) is used for the manufacture of -paper, ropes, and in plaiting-work, other species as ornamental grasses<br /> -(feather-grass); some have edible seeds. (<i>Stupa</i> L., including <i>Macrochloa</i><br /> -Kunth)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stipa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume broad, with a fine, short, deciduous awn. Palea 2-keeled.<br /> -Lodicules usually 2.—Species 3. North Africa, one species -also introduced into South Africa. (<i>Piptatherum</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oryzopsis</b> Michx.<br /> -<br /> -137. Fruit not enclosed by the glumes; pericarp usually loose and dehiscing.<br /> -Axis of the spikelet not produced beyond the flower. Glumes unarmed.<br /> -Flowering glume usually longer than the outer ones.—Species 60. Some -of them yield edible seeds or are used as fodder and for plaiting-work.<br /> -(Including <i>Triachyrium</i> Hochst. and <i>Vilfa</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sporobolus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit enclosed by the flowering glume and the palea; pericarp usually -adnate to the seed.<span class="spc">  </span>138<br /> -<br /> -138. Spikelets of two kinds, the fertile surrounded by the sterile, which consist -of numerous glumes. Flowering glume 1-nerved, with a dorsal awn.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa and Abyssinia; also introduced into South<br /> -Africa. Used as an ornamental grass. (<i>Chrysurus</i> Pers.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lamarckia</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_96">{96}</a></span>Spikelets all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>139<br /> -<br /> -139. Outer glumes conspicuously shorter than the flowering glume. Flowering -glume firmly herbaceous, 3-5-nerved, with a long, straight, terminal -or subterminal awn. Panicle loose.—Species 2. East and South-east<br /> -Africa (Kilimandjaro and Transvaal). (Under <i>Brachyelytrum</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudobromus</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes almost equalling the flowering glume or exceeding it.<br /> -Flowering glume membranous, rarely firmer, but then many-nerved -or with a distinctly dorsal awn or awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>140<br /> -<br /> -140. Outer glumes feathery, long. Flowering glume with two short terminal -awns or with a long dorsal one. Panicles spike- or head-like.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa; introduced in South Africa. Used as an ornamental -grass. “Harestail-grass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lagurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes not feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>141<br /> -<br /> -141. Outer glumes bladdery at the base, much longer than the flowering glume.<br /> -Panicles spike-like.—Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. “Nitgrass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gastridium</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes not bladdery.<span class="spc">  </span>142<br /> -<br /> -142. Flowering glume cleft into 9-23 awn-shaped teeth. Panicles spike-like.—Species<br /> -13. Some are used as fodder-grasses. (Including<br /> -<i>Enneapogon</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pappophorum</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume with 1-3 awns or awnless.<span class="spc">  </span>143<br /> -<br /> -143. Flowering glume with a delicate dorsal awn and two long and thin lateral -awns.—Species 2. Egypt and Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trisetaria</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume awnless or with a single awn and sometimes 2 short -bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>144<br /> -<br /> -144. Flowering glume with a terminal awn, rounded on the back, sometimes -keeled towards the tip. (See 113.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Festuca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume with a dorsal awn or with a short mucro or unarmed.<span class="spc">  </span>145<br /> -<br /> -145. Flowering glume decurrent into a callus bearing a tuft of long hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>146<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume with a glabrous or shortly and scantily hairy callus or -without a callus.<span class="spc">  </span>147<br /> -<br /> -146. Flowering glume papery, unarmed or shortly mucronate. Spikelets -large, with a glabrous and bristle-like or a club-shaped prolongation -of the axis.—Species 1 (<i>A. arundinacea</i> Host, maram). North Africa.<br /> -Used for binding sand-dunes and as a fodder-grass; the root-stock is -edible. (<i>Psamma</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammophila</b> Host<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume membranous, awned from the back, very rarely awnless.<br /> -Spikelets rather small, sometimes with a bristle-like and usually hairy -prolongation of the axis.—Species 6. Azores, mountains of tropical<br /> -Africa, South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal -plants. (Including <i>Deyeuxia</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calamagrostis</b> Roth<br /> -<br /> -147. Axis of the spikelet not distinctly continued beyond the flower. Flowering -glume shorter than the outer glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>148<br /> -<br /> -Axis of the spikelet produced beyond the flower into a bristle-like appendage<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_97">{97}</a></span>bearing sometimes empty glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>149<br /> -<br /> -148. Palea as long as the flowering glume. Panicles few-flowered.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa. (Under <i>Agrostis</i> L. or <i>Colpodium</i> Trin.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poagrostis</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Palea shorter than the flowering glume. Panicles many-flowered.—Species<br /> -30. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Some are -used as fodder- or ornamental grasses. “Bent-grass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agrostis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -149. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer glumes, with 2 bristles -at the top and an awn on the back near the base. Continuation of the -axis of the spikelet hairy, without glumes. Panicles spike-like.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa. (Under <i>Gastridium</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triplachne</b> Link<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume slightly shorter or longer than the outer glumes. Continuation -of the axis of the spikelet glabrous or bearing empty glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>150<br /> -<br /> -150. Flowering glume with a very long awn. Outer glumes unequal. Continuation -of the axis of the spikelet without glumes. Panicle loose.—Species<br /> -2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as ornamental grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apera</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume with a short or moderate awn or awnless. Outer glumes -subequal. Continuation of the axis of the spikelet usually with empty -glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>151<br /> -<br /> -151. Lower outer glume 1-nerved. Flowering glume 3-5-nerved, membranous, -about as long as the outer glumes. Continuation of the axis -of the spikelet with 1-2 empty glumes or without glumes.—Species<br /> -10. North Africa, Abyssinia, South Africa. Some are used as fodder-grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Koeleria</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Lower outer glume 3-9-nerved. Flowering glume 5- to many-nerved, -leathery or longer than the outer glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>152<br /> -<br /> -152. Fruit deeply grooved. Flowering glume leathery, rounded on the back, -with a kneed dorsal awn. Outer glumes 7-9-nerved.—Species 20.<br /> -Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some (especially<br /> -<i>A. sativa</i> L.) are cultivated as cereals (oat) or fodder, and yield also -oil and medicaments; others are used as ornamental grasses. (Including<br /> -<i>Avenastrum</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Avena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not deeply grooved. Flowering glume keeled, longer than the -outer ones. Outer glumes 3-7-nerved. Empty glumes above the -flower 2 or more.—Species 10. Extra-tropical regions. Some are -used as ornamental grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -153. (123.) Flowering glumes, at least one in each spikelet, bearing a twisted -or kneed, generally dorsal awn, usually shorter than the outer glumes, -rarely awnless, and then spikelets 2-flowered with a very short axis not -prolonged beyond the flowers. [Tribe AVENEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>154<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes bearing a straight, terminal or subterminal awn, or -unawned, usually longer than the outer glumes. Spikelets 2-flowered, -the axis prolonged between the flowers or above them, or 3-many-flowered.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_98">{98}</a></span>[Tribe FESTUCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>177<br /> -<br /> -154. Spikelets 2-flowered without a continuation of the axis beyond the upper -flower. Flowering glumes usually unawned.<span class="spc">  </span>155<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2-flowered with a continuation of the axis beyond the upper -flower, or 3-many-flowered. Flowering glumes awned.<span class="spc">  </span>161<br /> -<br /> -155. Spikelets solitary, enveloped by a spathe. Flowering glumes connate.<br /> -Style 1, undivided. Stigma papillose. (See 3.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lygeum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in panicles, racemes, or spikes. Flowering glumes free. Styles<br /> -2, free. Stigmas feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>156<br /> -<br /> -156. Outer glumes with a cartilaginous, pectinately-toothed keel. Panicle -spike-like. (See 112.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prionachne</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes membranous.<span class="spc">  </span>157<br /> -<br /> -157. Outer glumes hemispherical. Panicle spike-like.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Airopsis</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes not hemispherical. Panicle spreading.<span class="spc">  </span>158<br /> -<br /> -158. Outer glumes shorter than the flowering glumes. Flowering glumes -truncate or minutely toothed.—Species 1. North-west Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Aira</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Molineria</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes somewhat longer than the flowering glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>159<br /> -<br /> -159. Flowering glumes blunt, unarmed, hardened at maturity. Axis of the -spikelet very short. (See 21.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isachne</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes 3-lobed, 2-toothed, or mucronate, usually provided with<br /> -a dorsal awn, not hardened at maturity.<span class="spc">  </span>160<br /> -<br /> -160. Flowering glumes 3-lobed, unarmed. Axis of the spikelet somewhat -elongated between the flowers.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -Used as an ornamental grass. (Under <i>Aira</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antinoria</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes 2-toothed or mucronate, nearly always with a dorsal -awn. Axis of the spikelet very short.—Species 8. Extra-tropical -regions and mountains of the tropics. Some species are used as ornamental -grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aira</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -161. (154.) Flowering glumes with a terminal awn inserted between the apical -lobes or teeth.<span class="spc">  </span>162<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glume with a dorsal awn inserted below the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>168<br /> -<br /> -162. Spikelets 2-flowered; the lower flower male, the upper female or hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>163<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2- or more flowered; all flowers hermaphrodite or the uppermost -male. Flowering glumes 5-11-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>165<br /> -<br /> -163. Spikelets in clusters of 3 at the tips of the branches of a raceme or panicle.—Species<br /> -13. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tristachya</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets solitary at the tips of the branches of a panicle.<span class="spc">  </span>164<br /> -<br /> -164. Palea auricled. Flowering glume of the upper flower not distinctly -toothed. Spikelets small.—Species 4. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some are used for plaiting-work.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arundinella</b> Raddi<br /> -<br /> -Palea not auricled. Flowering glume of the upper flower distinctly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_99">{99}</a></span>toothed. Spikelets large.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichopteryx</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -165. Spikelets with 2 flowers and a minute or bristle-like continuation of the -axis. Flowering glumes with 2-4, at least partly bristle-like teeth.<span class="spc">  </span>166<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets with 3 or more flowers, the uppermost of which is usually incomplete.<br /> -Flowering glumes with 2 rarely bristle-like teeth.<span class="spc">  </span>167<br /> -<br /> -166. Fruit globular; pericarp crusty, almost free from the seed.—Species 5.<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Danthonia</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentameris</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit oblong.—Species 40. Southern and tropical Africa. The seeds -of some species are eaten or used in medicine. (Under <i>Danthonia</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentaschistis</b> (Nees) Stapf<br /> -<br /> -167. Spikelets falling entire with a part of their stalk. Lowest flowering -glume without, the others with side-bristles.—Species 4. South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Danthonia</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaetobromus</b> (Nees) Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets not falling entire; axis jointed between and below the flowering -glumes.—Species 30. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the -tropics. The seeds of several species are eaten or used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Danthonia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -168. (161.) Spikelets in spikes, many-flowered. (See 87.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gaudinia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in sometimes spike-like panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>169<br /> -<br /> -169. Lower flowers male, upper hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>170<br /> -<br /> -Lower or all flowers hermaphrodite, upper sometimes male or barren.<span class="spc">  </span>171<br /> -<br /> -170. Spikelets with 2 flowers and a bristle-like continuation of the axis. Stamens<br /> -3. Styles short.—Species 2. North-west Africa. They yield fodder -and edible seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arrhenatherum</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets with 3 flowers, one of which is sometimes reduced to a glume, -without a continuation of the axis. Stamens in the male flowers 3, in -the hermaphrodite 2. Styles long. (See 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hierochloe</b> Gmel.<br /> -<br /> -171. Axis of the spikelets jointed at the base; spikelets falling entire, 2-flowered, -the upper flower usually male, the lower hermaphrodite with the flowering -glume unarmed.—Species 6. North-west and South Africa. Some are -used as ornamental grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holcus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Axis of the spikelets jointed above the persistent outer glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>172<br /> -<br /> -172. Fruit grooved in front, usually adherent to the glumes. Spikelets large.<span class="spc">  </span>173<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not grooved, free. Spikelets usually small.<span class="spc">  </span>174<br /> -<br /> -173. Fruit slightly grooved. Styles inserted laterally below the summit of the -ovary.—Species 30. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the -tropics. Some species are poisonous, others are used as fodder-, medicinal, -or ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bromus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit deeply grooved. Styles inserted at or near the summit of the -ovary. (See 152.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Avena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -174. Flowering glumes 2-cleft or 2-toothed to 2-awned.<span class="spc">  </span>175<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes irregularly and minutely toothed or 2-lobed with toothed -lobes or entire.<span class="spc">  </span>176<br /> -<br /> -175. Flowering glume of the lower flower awnless, entire. Outer glumes 3-5-nerved.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_100">{100}</a></span>Spikelets linear-oblong.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ventenata</b> Koeler<br /> -Flowering glume of the lower flower awned, 2-toothed. Outer glumes<br /> -1-3-nerved. Spikelets lanceolate-elliptical.—Species 20. Extra-tropical -regions and mountains of the tropics. Some species are used as -fodder- or ornamental grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trisetum</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -170. Awns of the flowering glumes jointed, thickened towards the tip.—Species<br /> -3. North Africa. (Under <i>Aira</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corynephorus</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Awns of the flowering glumes not jointed, slender throughout.—Species<br /> -5. Azores, Canaries, high mountains of Central Africa, subantarctic -islands. Used as ornamental grasses. (Under <i>Aira</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Deschampsia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -177. (153.) Flowering glumes of the fertile flowers cleft in 3-23 awn-like -or awn-bearing lobes. [Subtribe <small>PAPPOPHORINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>178<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes entire or 2-lobed, rarely (<i>Triodia</i>) 3-lobed, bearing a -single awn or unawned.<span class="spc">  </span>182<br /> -<br /> -178. Flowering glumes 3-cleft, with 3 awns. Spikelets 5-15-flowered, in -panicles.—Species 9. Southern and Central Africa, Sahara, Egypt.<br /> -Some are used as fodder-grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triraphis</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes 4-many-cleft, with 5 or more awns. Spikelets 2-6-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>179<br /> -<br /> -179. Flowering glumes with 5-9 awns springing from the back of the lobes.<br /> -Style 1, short and broad, 2-cleft. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, in dense -panicles.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boissiera</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with 5-23 awns springing from the tips of the lobes -or from the notches between them. Styles 2, free.<span class="spc">  </span>180<br /> -<br /> -180. Flowering glumes with 9-23 awn-like lobes. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, -in spike-like panicles. (See 142.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pappophorum</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with 5-7 awns or awn-like lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>181<br /> -<br /> -181. Flowering glumes with 5-7 subequal, awn-like lobes. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, -in heads.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echinaria</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with 9 lobes, 5 of which are awn-like. Spikelets 4-6-flowered, -in rather loose panicles.—Species 3. Central and South<br /> -Africa and Egypt. Used as fodder and in medicine. (<i>Antoschmidtia</i><br /> -Steud.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schmidtia</b> Steud.<br /> -<br /> -182. Axis of the spikelets or flowering glumes covered with long hairs enveloping -the glumes. [Subtribe <small>ARUNDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>183<br /> -Axis of the spikelets and flowering glumes glabrous or short-haired.<span class="spc">  </span>185<br /> -<br /> -183. Flowering glumes firmly membranous, 5-nerved, hairy like the axis of -the spikelets. Ovary hairy at the top. Leaves narrow, more or less -rolled up. Low grasses.—Species 1 (<i>A. tenax</i> Link). North Africa.<br /> -Used for making paper, in plaiting-work, as fodder, and as an ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ampelodesma</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes delicately membranous, 3-nerved; if hairy, then axis -of the spikelets glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Leaves flat and rather<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_101">{101}</a></span>broad. Tall grasses.<span class="spc">  </span>184<br /> -<br /> -184. Flowering glumes glabrous, entire, produced into a fine point. Axis of -the spikelets hairy. Lowest flower of each spikelet usually male.<br /> -Panicles lax.—Species 2. Used in house-building, for plaiting-work and -divers utensils, and as ornamental grasses; the root-stock is edible -and used in medicine. “Reed.” (<i>Trichoon</i> Roth)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phragmites</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes hairy, 2-toothed, with a mucro in the notch. Axis of -the spikelets glabrous. Flowers all hermaphrodite or the uppermost -flower or all flowers of the lower spikelets male. Panicles dense.—Species<br /> -5. North Africa, Madagascar, South Africa. Used in house-building, -for plaiting-work, and as medicinal, fodder-, and ornamental plants.<br /> -Reed.” (<i>Donax</i> Beauv., including <i>Neyraudia</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arundo</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -185. Stigmas shortly papillose on all sides, projecting between the tips of the -flowering glumes; styles long. [Subtribe <small>SESLERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>186<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas feathery, rather short, projecting near the base of the flowering -glumes; styles short or almost wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>191<br /> -<br /> -186. Styles united at the base. Stigmas spirally twisted. Spikelets in one-sided -spikes or spike-like racemes, 2-flowered, very rarely 3-4-flowered.<br /> -Glumes many-nerved; the outer ones unarmed, the flowering ones -awned. Leaves transversely veined. (See 103.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Streptogyne</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Styles free. Spikelets in sometimes spike-like panicles or in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>187<br /> -<br /> -187. Spikelets in spike-like panicles, falling singly and entire, 2-flowered, very -rarely 3-4-flowered, the uppermost flower male. Glumes awned or -mucronate. (See 130.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fingerhuthia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in heads or head-like panicles or in fascicles arranged in spike-like -panicles, not falling entire.<span class="spc">  </span>188<br /> -<br /> -188. Spikelets in fascicles arranged in slender spike-like panicles, rarely in -heads, and then stamen 1. Glumes 1-3-nerved, mucronate or awned.<br /> -Spikelets 3-7-flowered.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elytrophorus</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in head-like panicles. Stamens 3.<span class="spc">  </span>189<br /> -<br /> -189. Glumes 4-7-nerved, long-awned. Spikelets 3-7-flowered. Panicles -enveloped by the sheath of the uppermost leaf. Leaves awl-shaped.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urochlaena</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Glumes 1-3-nerved, not awned, but sometimes mucronate. Leaves -flat.<span class="spc">  </span>190<br /> -<br /> -190. Spikelets 2-3-flowered, in spikes arranged in heads enveloped by the -sheath of the uppermost leaf.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco).<br /> -(Under <i>Ammochloa</i> Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dictyochloa</b> (Murb.) Camus<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 7-15-flowered. Inflorescence not enveloped by a sheath.<br /> -Species 2. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammochloa</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -191. (185.) Spikelets 2-flowered, the lower flower hermaphrodite, the upper -female. Axis of the spikelet elongated between the flowers, but not -continued beyond them. Glumes unarmed, with faint nerves. Spikelets<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_102">{102}</a></span>in loose panicles.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coelachne</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2-flowered, both flowers hermaphrodite or the lower flower -hermaphrodite, the upper one male or rudimentary, or 3-many -flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>192<br /> -<br /> -192. Flowering glumes 1-3-nerved. [Subtribes <small>TRIODIINAE</small> and <small>ERAGROSTINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>193<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes 5-many-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>207<br /> -<br /> -193. Flowering glumes 2-4-toothed or -cleft, rounded on the back, at least -at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>194<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes entire or obscurely toothed, rarely (<i>Diplachne</i>) distinctly<br /> -2-toothed and sometimes awned from the notch, but then keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>196<br /> -<br /> -194. Flowering glumes with 3 rather obtuse lobes.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triodia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with 2 acute lobes and an awn or mucro between -them.<span class="spc">  </span>195<br /> -<br /> -195. Flowering glumes with a long awn, the upper ones empty. Outer glumes -unequal. Spikes approximate, almost digitate.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lophacme</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes with a short awn or a mucro. Outer glumes subequal.—Species<br /> -2. Central and South Africa. (Under <i>Diplachne</i><br /> -Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crossotropis</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -196. Spikelets of two kinds, the fertile 2-3-flowered and surrounded by the -sterile consisting of numerous two-ranked glumes, arranged in one-sided -spike-like panicles. Flowering glumes awned or mucronate.—Species<br /> -8. North and South Africa. Some have edible seeds or are -used as fodder or ornamental grasses. “Dogstail.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynosurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>197<br /> -<br /> -197. Spikelets in spike-like racemes, laterally flattened, falling as a whole, -containing 3-4 fertile flowers and two empty glumes above them.—Species<br /> -1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpachne</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in panicles; empty glume above the fertile flowers 1 or none.<span class="spc">  </span>198<br /> -<br /> -198. Main branches of the panicles two-ranked, usually branched at their -base.<span class="spc">  </span>199<br /> -<br /> -Main branches of the panicles not two-ranked.<span class="spc">  </span>203<br /> -<br /> -199. Panicles spreading, with long, thin branches. Spikelets 2-4-flowered, -with membranous, unarmed glumes.<span class="spc">  </span>200<br /> -<br /> -Panicles contracted (more or less spike-like) or with very short, rather -thick, but somewhat spreading branches.<span class="spc">  </span>201<br /> -<br /> -200. Outer glumes slightly unequal. Perennial, creeping grasses, with flat -leaves.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Catabrosa</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes very unequal the lower very small. Stalk of the spikelet -somewhat thickened. Delicate, annual grasses with narrow leaves.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphenopus</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -201. Panicles with short, rather thick, more or less spreading branches. Glumes<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_103">{103}</a></span>hard. Spikelets 3-13-flowered.—Species 5. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cutandia</b> Willk.<br /> -<br /> -Panicles strongly contracted, dense, more or less spike-like. Glumes -membranous. Spikelets 2-5-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>202<br /> -<br /> -202. Upper outer glume much broader and somewhat longer than the flowering -glumes. Lower outer glume very short, almost bristle-like. Flowering -glumes awned below the tip.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Avellinia</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -Upper outer glume neither broader nor longer than the flowering glumes.<br /> -Lower outer glume almost equalling the upper one. (See 151.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Koeleria</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -203. Branches of the panicle spike-like. Flowering glumes 1-3-nerved, usually -toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>204<br /> -<br /> -Branches of the panicle raceme-like. Flowering glumes 3-nerved, not -distinctly toothed, unarmed or mucronate.<span class="spc">  </span>205<br /> -<br /> -204. Panicles contracted, spike-like. Flowering glumes entire, acuminate.<br /> -Lodicules membranous. Fruit terete.—Species 3. South Africa and -southern East Africa. (<i>Triphlebia</i> Stapf, under <i>Lasiochloa</i> Kunth).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stiburus</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Panicles lax. Lodicules fleshy.—Species 9. Tropical and South Africa -and Egypt. Some are used as fodder-grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplachne</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -205. Flowering glumes rounded on the back. Spikelets conical, loosely 2-4-flowered; -axis jointed, fragile. Fruit oblong, broadly grooved.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used in plaiting-work and as -an ornamental grass.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Molinia</b> Schrank<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes keeled. Spikelets not conical, densely 5-many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>206<br /> -<br /> -206. Outer glumes unequal, the lower 3-nerved, the upper 5-nerved. Axis -of the spikelet fragile. Fruit broadly grooved.—Species 1. Coast -of East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halopyrum</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 1-nerved, rarely the upper one 3-nerved. Axis of the spikelet -usually tough. Fruit usually ovate and not grooved.—Species 130.<br /> -Some are used as fodder- or ornamental grasses, others as sand-binders -or for plaiting-work. The tef (<i>E. abyssinica</i> Link) is cultivated in<br /> -Abyssinia as a cereal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eragrostis</b> Host<br /> -<br /> -207. (192.) Axis of the spikelet bearing above the fertile flowers two or more -empty glumes usually forming a club-shaped body. Flowering glumes -keeled. Outer glumes 3-5-nerved. (See 152.) [Subtribe <small>MELICINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Axis of the spikelet bearing above the fertile flowers a single empty glume -or none, rarely several, but then flowering glumes rounded on the back.<span class="spc">  </span>208<br /> -<br /> -208. Leaves broadly-lanceolate or ovate, with fine transverse veins between -the nerves. [Subtribe <small>CENTOTHECINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>209<br /> -<br /> -Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, without distinct transverse veins.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_104">{104}</a></span>[Subtribes <small>FESTUCINAE</small> and <small>BRACHYPODINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>210<br /> -<br /> -209. Spikelets 2-flowered, in pairs on the spike-like branches of a panicle.<br /> -Outer glumes 3, the uppermost sometimes bearing a barren spikelet -in its axil. (See 125.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poecilostachys</b> Hack.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets many-flowered. Outer glumes 2.—Species 4. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centotheca</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -210. Spikelets in glomerules arranged in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>211<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets not in glomerules.<span class="spc">  </span>212<br /> -<br /> -211. Panicles one-sided. Outer glumes unequal, 1-3-nerved. Flowering -glumes larger, firmer, 5-nerved, mucronate or awned, ciliate on the -keel.—Species 1. North and South Africa. Used as a fodder- and -ornamental grass. “Cocksfoot.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dactylis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Panicles equal-sided. Outer glumes subequal, 5-7-nerved, usually hispid.<br /> -Flowering glumes shorter, thinner, 7-9-nerved, unarmed.—Species 3.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiochloa</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -212. Spikelets tightly imbricate in short spikes arranged in racemes or heads.<br /> -Flowering glumes broad, 7-9-nerved, somewhat shorter than the -palea, mucronate.—Species 4. North and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeluropus</b> Trin.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets tightly imbricate in solitary spikes or not imbricate.<span class="spc">  </span>213<br /> -<br /> -213. Spikelets very tightly imbricate, arranged in a linear false spike. Flowering -glumes sharply keeled from the base, 7-nerved, unarmed.—Species 7.<br /> -North and South Africa and St. Helena. Used as ornamental plants.<br /> -(<i>Brizopyrum</i> Link).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmazeria</b> Dumort.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets not very tightly imbricate; if rather tightly, then flowering -glumes not keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>214<br /> -<br /> -214. Styles inserted on the front of the ovary, conspicuously below the top.<br /> -Flowering glumes usually awned. Fruit linear or oblong, adhering to -the palea. (See 173.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bromus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Styles inserted on the top of the ovary or close to it.<span class="spc">  </span>215<br /> -<br /> -215. Flowering glumes much shorter than the outer ones, 2-lobed or 2-cleft.<br /> -Outer glumes with white, membranous margins.—Species 4. South -and North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schismus</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes slightly shorter or longer than the outer ones.<span class="spc">  </span>216<br /> -<br /> -216. Flowering glumes cordate at the base, very concave, scarious, broader than -the outer glumes. Fruit strongly compressed.—Species 5. North<br /> -Africa, Senegambia, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. “Quaking-grass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Briza</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes not cordate.<span class="spc">  </span>217<br /> -<br /> -217. Flowering glumes distinctly keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>218<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes rounded on the back, sometimes slightly keeled towards -the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>220<br /> -<br /> -218. Flowering glumes shortly awned, scarious. Panicles spike-like. (See<br /> -151.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Koeleria</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes unawned, membranous herbaceous or cartilaginous.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_105">{105}</a></span>Panicles usually spreading.<span class="spc">  </span>219<br /> -<br /> -219. Flowering glumes cartilaginous at the base, herbaceous towards the tip.<br /> -Outer glumes unequal. Axis of the spikelet thickened. Panicles -one-sided.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerochloa</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes membranous or herbaceous at the base or throughout.—Species<br /> -20. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some -are used as ornamental grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -220. Spikelets 2-flowered with very approximate flowers and a bristle-like -continuation of the axis beyond them. Outer glumes rather stiff,<br /> -1-3-nerved. Flowering glumes somewhat shorter, blunt, awnless.—Species<br /> -10. South and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achneria</b> Munro<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets 2-flowered, with perceptibly distant flowers and usually membranous -outer glumes, or 3-many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>221<br /> -<br /> -221. Outer glumes 7-11-nerved, membranous. Flowering glumes toothed, -usually awnless. Paleas narrow, 2-toothed. Spikelets usually 2-flowered.<br /> -Fruit deeply furrowed. (See 152.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Avena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Outer glumes 1-5-nerved, rarely 7-9-nerved, and then flowering glumes -awned and paleas broad. Spikelets usually 3-many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>222<br /> -<br /> -222. Flowering glumes 2-cleft, awned, 7-9-nerved. (See 167.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Danthonia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Flowering glumes entire, rarely toothed or 2-cleft, but then unarmed or<br /> -5-nerved. Styles very short.<span class="spc">  </span>223<br /> -<br /> -223. Side-nerves of the flowering glumes nearly parallel, not joining the -middle-nerve, sometimes obscure. Flowering glumes unarmed. Fruit -oblong or ovate.<span class="spc">  </span>224<br /> -<br /> -Side-nerves of the flowering glumes curved, converging towards the -middle-nerve. Fruit oblong or linear.<span class="spc">  </span>225<br /> -<br /> -224. Lodicules united. Styles distinctly developed. Fruit free, narrowly -or not grooved.—Species 1 (<i>G. fluitans</i> R. Br., manna-grass). North-west<br /> -Africa. The seeds are used as food. (Under <i>Poa</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glyceria</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Lodicules free. Styles wanting. Fruit usually adherent to the palea, -broadly or not grooved.—Species 4. North-west and South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Glyceria</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atropis</b> Rupr.<br /> -<br /> -225. Paleas with rigidly ciliate keels. Flowering glumes 7-9-nerved. Outer -glumes 3-7-nerved, rather stiff. Spikelets in spike-like racemes.—Species<br /> -9. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some -species are used as ornamental grasses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachypodium</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Paleas with finely ciliate or rough keels. Flowering glumes usually<br /> -5-nerved. Outer glumes 1-3-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>226<br /> -<br /> -226. Seed with a linear hilum. (See 113.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Festuca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seed with a punctiform hilum.<span class="spc">  </span>227<br /> -<br /> -227. Spikelets upon stout stalks in one-sided panicles. Flowering glumes -unarmed.—Species 2. North Africa, also introduced into South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Festuca</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scleropoa</b> Griseb.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets in spike-like racemes.—Species 3. North-west Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Festuca</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Catapodium</b> Link<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_106">{106}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_17">FAMILY 17.</a> CYPERACEAE</p> - -<p>Grass-like herbs, very rarely (<i>Schoenodendron</i>) low trees. Stems -usually triangular, rarely jointed. Leaves with a closed sheath, -sometimes without a blade. Flowers in genuine or spurious spikelets -arranged in spikes, heads, or panicles. Perianth much reduced or -wanting. Stamens 1-6. Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary -superior or naked, 1-celled. Ovule 1, basal, inverted. Style simple or -with 2-3 branches. Fruit a nut or a drupe. Seed free. Embryo lateral, -enclosed by the albumen.—Genera 40, species 880. “Sedges.” (Plate 9.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers unisexual, but sometimes (<i>Bisboeckelerieae</i>) apparently hermaphrodite, -single female flowers being surrounded by several male ones; -in this case false spikelets branched at the insertion of one of the lowest -bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Flowers either in centripetal -spikelets without a terminal flower or in centrifugal (false) spikelets -branched at the insertion of the uppermost bract below the terminal -flower.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -2. Spikelets unisexual, rarely partly unisexual, partly bisexual; the female<br /> -1-flowered, the male 2- or more-flowered. Stamens 1-2, rarely 3.<br /> -[Tribe SCLERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets bisexual, rarely 1-flowered and spicate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -3. Perianth consisting of scales or bristles. Partial inflorescences panicled.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Perianth none.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Perianth of numerous bristles. Spikelets in spikes.—Species 6. Central<br /> -Africa to Transvaal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriospora</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 2-5 scales.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Perianth of 2-3 laciniate scales. Spikelets in head-like clusters. Herbs.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microdracoides</b> Hua<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 3-5 ciliate scales. Spikelets in spikes. Small trees.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schoenodendron</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -6. Female flowers in the upper portion of the partial inflorescences. Spikelets -in panicles.—Species 1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Eriospora</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fintelmannia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers in the lower portion of the partial inflorescences or in -special partial inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Style thickened and jointed at the base, deeply 3-cleft. Fruit without a -distinct disc. Spikelets in panicles. Leaves broad.—Species 3.<br /> -Tropics. (Under <i>Scleria</i> Berg)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acriulus</b> Ridl.<br /> -<br /> -Style not thickened at the base. Fruit very hard, surrounded by a disc -at the base.—Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Diplacrum</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scleria</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -8. (2.) Spikelets consisting of a terminal female flower surrounded by 3 or -more male ones. Stamen 1. Female flowers not enclosed by an utricle-like<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_107">{107}</a></span>bracteole. [Tribe BISBOECKELERIEAE, Subtribe <small>CHRYSITRICHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -Spikelets 1-flowered, spicate, rarely 2-flowered or consisting of a basal -female flower and several male ones. Stamens usually 3. Female -flowers enclosed by an utricle-like bracteole. [Tribe CARICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -9. Male flowers 3. Style-branches 3. Spikelets numerous, in spikes which are -sometimes arranged in panicles or heads.—Species 12. Tropics. (Including<br /> -<i>Thoracostachyum</i> Kurz)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mapania</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers 6 or more. Spikelets in spikes arranged in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Style-branches 2. Fruit not ribbed. Spikes consisting of numerous -spikelets. Leaves reduced to the sheath.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -Used for plaiting-work.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepironia</b> Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches 3. Fruit many-striate. Spikes consisting of 1-4 spikelets.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysithrix</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -11. Lateral spikelets consisting of one female flower and 1-6 male inserted -above the female flower upon the distinctly developed axis of the spikelet; -rarely male flowers reduced to empty glumes or wanting. Utricle -usually 2-cleft.—Species 6. South and East Africa. (Including <i>Hemicarex</i><br /> -Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schoenoxiphium</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Lateral spikelets consisting only of 1 female flower and the usually rudimentary -axis. Utricle closed, entire or toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Axis of the spikelet projecting beyond the utricle and hooked at the tip.—Species<br /> -2. Subantarctic islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uncinia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Axis of the spikelet enclosed and straight or more frequently rudimentary -and usually early disappearing.—Species 80. Extra-tropical regions -and mountains of the tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carex</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -13. (1.) Spikelets (false spikelets) centrifugal, with a terminal flower, branched -from the uppermost bract, 1-2-, rarely 3-6-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets centripetal, without a terminal flower, 3-many-, rarely 1-2-flowered; -flowers hermaphrodite, a male one sometimes added.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -14. Spikelets containing 1 terminal male flower and 1-2 lateral hermaphrodite -flowers. Style dilated at the base.—Species 30. South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Elynanthus</i> Nees, including <i>Macrochaetium</i> Steud.) [Tribe GAHNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetraria</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets containing only hermaphrodite flowers, a male one being sometimes -added. [Tribe RHYNCHOSPOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Glumes 2-ranked. Style-branches 3.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Glumes not distinctly 2-ranked.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -16. Perianth-bristles 6, alternately unequal. Fruit crowned by the base of the -style. Spikelets in heads.—Species 9. South Africa, Madagascar and<br /> -Mascarene Islands. (Under <i>Carpha</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asterochaete</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-bristles equal or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Perianth-bristles stiff, not feathery, or wanting. Fruit not beaked.—Species<br /> -6. South Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands, Abyssinia,<br /> -North Africa. (Including <i>Epischoenus</i> C.B. Clarke).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schoenus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_108">{108}</a></span>Perianth-bristles feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Perianth-bristles 3. Glumes 4-5. Style with a thickened, persistent -base. Spikelets in spikes or solitary.—Species 3. South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Ecklonea</i> Steud.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trianoptiles</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-bristles 6. Glumes numerous. Style slightly thickened. Spikelets -in panicles.—Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands.<br /> -(Under <i>Schoenus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclocampe</b> Steud.<br /> -<br /> -19. Style-branches 1-2. Perianth of 6 or more bristles or wanting.—Species<br /> -15. (<i>Rynchospora</i> Vahl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchospora</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches 3.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Perianth of 3-6 bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Perianth none.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Perianth of 3 bristles. Upper leaves with red sheaths.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa. (<i>Decalepis</i> Boeck., under <i>Tetraria</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boeckeleria</b> Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 5-6 bristles. Lowest flower male.—Species 6. Madagascar -and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Costularia</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -22. Partial inflorescences arranged in a panicle.—Species 5.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cladium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Partial inflorescences arranged in a head.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Involucre of the inflorescence short. Stem leafless.—Species 1. Madagascar -and neighbouring islands. (<i>Arthrostylis</i> Boeck.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Actinoschoenus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre of the inflorescence long. Stem leafy.—Species 1. West Africa -and Madagascar. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Remirea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -24. (13.) Bracteoles 1-2. [Tribe HYPOLYTREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles none. [Tribe SCIRPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -25. Bracteoles 1-2, parallel with the glume (bract), i.e. placed before or behind -or before and behind it. Stamens 1-2. [Subtribe <small>LIPOCARPHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles 2, lateral to the glume, sometimes united. Stamens 2-3.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>HYPOLYTRINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -26. Bracteole 1, deciduous. Stamen 1. Spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2-3, -subtended by a single involucral bract.—Species 2. Central and South<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Scirpus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemicarpha</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles 2, persistent. Stamens 1-2. Spikelets in heads surrounded -by several involucral bracts.—Species 10. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Hypaelyptum</i> Vahl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lipocarpha</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -27. Bracteoles united in front, longer than the glume. Spikelets solitary -or in heads. Stem leafy at the base only.—Species 9. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ascolepis</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles free or united behind, as long as or shorter than the glumes.<br /> -Spikelets in heads or panicles. Stem leafy throughout its length.—Species<br /> -10. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypolytrum</b> Rich.<br /> -<br /> -28. (22.) Glumes distinctly 2-ranked. Partial inflorescences usually arranged -in heads or umbels. [Subtribe <small>CYPERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Glumes not distinctly 2-ranked. Partial inflorescences usually arranged<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_109">{109}</a></span>in spikes or panicles. [Subtribe <small>SCIRPINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -29. Perianth consisting of 6 bristles. Spikelets in panicles.—Species 1. Region -of the great lakes. (Under <i>Carpha</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oreograstis</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth none.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Flowers with a toothed or lobed disc at the base of the ovary. Spikelets -solitary or in heads.—Species 3. South Africa. (Under <i>Ficinia</i><br /> -Schrad.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemichlaena</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without a disc.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Style-branches 2. Spikelets containing an hermaphrodite and sometimes -also a male flower, arranged in heads.—Species 40. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. The root-stock of some species is used in perfumery and medicine; -others yield fodder. (Plate 9.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kyllinga</b> Rottb.<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches 3, rarely 1-2, but then spikelets many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Fertile flowers in each spikelet 1-2. Glumes with a winged keel, the -lower glume enclosing the upper one. Spikelets in umbellately arranged -heads.—Species 2. Tropics to Transvaal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Courtoisia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Fertile flowers in each spikelet 3 or more, rarely 1-2, but then glumes not -winged or the lower glume not enclosing the upper one.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Glumes with the margins united into a cylinder at their base, long acuminate -at the top. Spikelets terete, 3-4-flowered, in spikes. Stamens 2.—Species<br /> -1. South-east Africa. (Under <i>Mariscus</i> Gaertn. or <i>Cyperus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cylindrolepis</b> Boeck.<br /> -<br /> -Glumes with free margins.—Species 300. The root-stocks of some (especially<br /> -<i>C. esculentus</i> L.) are eaten and used for the preparation of oil, perfume, -and medicaments; the culms (especially of <i>C. Papyrus</i> L.) are -used for making paper and for plaiting-work; some species serve as -fodder- or ornamental plants, others are noxious weeds. (Including<br /> -<i>Galilea</i> Parl., <i>Juncellus</i> Griseb., <i>Mariscus</i> Vahl, <i>Pycreus</i> Beauv., and<br /> -<i>Torulinium</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyperus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -34. (28.) Style conspicuously thickened at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -Style not or slightly thickened at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -35. Perianth none. Style deciduous.—Species 75. Some are used as fodder.<br /> -(Including <i>Abildgaardia</i> Vahl and <i>Bulbostylis</i> Kunth).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fimbristylis</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of 3-8 bristles. Base of the style usually persistent.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Spikelets in heads. Glumes in 5 rows.—Species 1. Tropics. (Under<br /> -<i>Fuirena</i> Rottb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentasticha</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets solitary.—Species 25. Some are used for plaiting-work or yield -starch. (<i>Eleocharis</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heleocharis</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -37. Flowers with a toothed or lobed, persistent disc at the base of the ovary.<br /> -Glumes usually brown or black.—Species 65. South Africa and mountains -of East Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ficinia</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without a disc.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Perianth-bristles 6 or more, much elongated after flowering. Spikelets -solitary or in umbels.—Species 1. South Africa. The cotton-like<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_110">{110}</a></span>perianth-bristles are used for stuffing cushions. “Cotton-grass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriophorum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-bristles not elongated or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Glumes hairy, like the whole plant. Perianth of 3-6 toothed scales or -bristles.—Species 20.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fuirena</b> Rottb.<br /> -<br /> -Glumes glabrous.—Species 70. Some are used as ornamental plants or -for plaiting-work, others have edible root-stocks, also used in medicine.<br /> -(Including <i>Isolepis</i> R. Br. and <i>Schoenoplectus</i> Reichb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scirpus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PRINCIPES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_18">FAMILY 18.</a> PALMAE</p> - -<p>Stem woody, usually simple. Leaves pinnately or palmately split, at -least 2-cleft, usually collected in a crown at the top of the stem. -Flowers in simple or branched spadices enveloped by spathes, usually -unisexual and provided with rudimentary stamens or carpels. -Perianth-segments 6, similar in texture, but often unequal in size, -leathery or parchment-like, green, white or yellow. Stamens 6 or more, -rarely 3, united at the base or adnate below to the perianth. Carpels 3, -superior, distinct or united and then forming a 1-3-celled ovary; -sometimes 2 carpels empty or reduced to the style. Ovules solitary in -each cell, filling the cell and sometimes adhering to its wall. Fruits -berry-or drupe-like. Seeds with a small embryo and horny -albumen.—Genera 36, species 100. (Plates 10 and 11.)</p> - -<p> -1. Carpels 3, distinct. Fruit consisting of 1-3 smooth berries. Leaf-segments -induplicate in bud. [Subfamily <b>CORYPHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 3, united and forming a 1-3-celled ovary, or carpel 1.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaves fan-shaped. Spadices with 2 or more incomplete spathes. Flowers -polygamous or dioecious. Perianth of the female flowers as in the male.<br /> -Seed ovate, not deeply grooved; albumen ruminate. Stem short, -usually branched.—Species 1 (<i>Ch. humilis</i> L.). North-West Africa.<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant; the leaf-buds are eaten and the fibres -used for making ropes or paper or for stuffing cushions. “Dwarf-palm.”<br /> -[Tribe SABALEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chamaerops</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate. Spadices with one complete spathe. Flowers dioecious.<br /> -Perianth of the female flowers differing from the male. Seed oblong, -with a deep longitudinal groove.—Species 5. Some (especially the -date-palm, <i>Ph. dactylifera</i> L.) have edible fruits, also used for making -brandy and sugar. They yield also palm-wine, wood, and fibres for -plaiting and stuffing, and are used as ornamental plants. [Tribe PHOENICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phoenix</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Leaves fan-shaped. Spadices with many incomplete spathes. Fruit a -drupe with 1-3 distinct stones; epicarp smooth or minutely dotted.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>BORASSOIDEAE</b>, tribe BORASSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnately dissected or 2-cleft. Fruit berry-like or covered with -imbricate scales or containing a single stone; if fruit drupe-like and -one-seeded, then spadices with 1-4 complete spathes.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_9" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_009.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_009.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CYPERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR</i>.</p> - -<p><i>Pl. 9.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Kyllinga alba Nees</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower (the ovary cut -lengthwise).</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_10" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_010.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_010.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PALMAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 10.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Raphia Laurentii De Wild.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Young plant. <i>B</i> Group of fruits. <i>C</i> Fruit. <i>D</i> Seed. (<i>A</i> from De -Wildeman, Expedition Laurent).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_111">{111}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -4. Male flowers many in each pit of the spadix.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers solitary in each pit of the spadix.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Male flowers 20-30 in each pit of the spadix. Stamens about 30. Fruit -nearly always with a single stone. Seeds deeply 2-lobed.—Species 1.<br /> -Seychelles. The fruit (“double cocoa-nut”) is eaten and used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lodoicea</b> Labill.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers 10 in each pit of the spadix. Stamens 6. Fruit with 3 stones.<br /> -Seeds emarginate. Species 1 (<i>B. flabellifer</i> L., Palmyra palm). Tropics.<br /> -It yields timber, fibre (piassave), starch (sago), gum, vegetables, edible -fruits, wine, vinegar, alcohol, sugar, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Borassus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Stamens 15-30. Fruit with 3 stones, very rarely with 1-2. Medium-sized -trees.—Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. They -furnish fibre for plaiting-work and are used as ornamental plants; -one species has edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Latania</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6. Fruit with a single stone. Tall trees.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Albumen ruminate. Fruit medium-sized (the size of a walnut). Stem -simple.—Species 3. Upper Nile and Madagascar. They yield timber, -fibre, edible pith, and alcohol. (Including <i>Bismarckia</i> Hildebr. &<br /> -Wendl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Medemia</b> G. de Wuert. & Braun<br /> -<br /> -Albumen homogeneous. Fruit large. Stem usually branched.—Species<br /> -13. Tropics to Natal and Egypt. They yield wood, fibre, edible -fruits, and wine. “Dum palm.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyphaene</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -8. (3.) Ovary and fruit clothed with imbricate scales. Fruit one-seeded.<br /> -Flowers with bracts and bracteoles. Leaf-segments reduplicate in -bud. [Subfamily <b>LEPIDOCARYOIDEAE</b>, tribe METROXYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit without scales. Flowers usually without bracts. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>CEROXYLOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary incompletely 3-celled. [Subtribe <small>CALAMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 3-celled. [Subtribe <small>RAPHIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -10. Stem erect. Leaves without tendrils. Spadices terminal. Seed depressed-globose.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>M. Rumphii</i> Mart.) Cultivated in Madagascar -and the Mascarenes. It yields wood, fibre for plaiting and -weaving, vegetables, and starch (sago). (<i>Sagus</i> Blume).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Metroxylon</b> Rottb.<br /> -<br /> -Stem climbing. Leaves with tendrils. Spadices lateral.—Species 6.<br /> -Tropics. The stems (cane) are used for plaiting-work and for the -manufacture of walking-sticks and various utensils. “Rattan-palm.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calamus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -11. Stem erect. Flowers monoecious, the male and female on the same branches -of the much-branched terminal spadices. Seed oblong or ovate.—Species<br /> -10. Tropics. The leaf-stalks (false bamboo) are used for building -houses and making furniture, the fibres (piassave) for plaiting, weaving, -and brush-making. The stems, leaf-buds, and fruits of some species -yield starch, meal, vegetables, wine, and oil. (Plates 10 and 11.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Raphia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_112">{112}</a></span>Stem climbing. Leaves with tendrils.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Flowers monoecious, in cymes on the primary branches of the lateral -spadices; cymes consisting of one female and several male flowers.—Species<br /> -2. Equatorial West Africa. They furnish cane for plaiting-work -and for the manufacture of various utensils. (Under <i>Calamus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oncocalamus</b> Mann & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in pairs on the branches of the -spadices.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Spadices lateral. Spathes none.—Species 5. West Africa to the upper<br /> -Nile. They furnish cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of -various utensils. (Under <i>Calamus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eremospatha</b> Mann & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Spadices terminal. Spathes tubular.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Seed flattened, with a thick raphe. Leaves with a short stalk and narrow -segments.—Species 1. West Africa to the upper Nile. They furnish -cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of various utensils.<br /> -(Under <i>Calamus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ancistrophyllum</b> Mann & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Seed roundish, deeply grooved, kidney-shaped in transverse section. Leaves -with a rather long stalk and rather broad segments.—Species 2. West<br /> -Africa. They furnish cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of -various utensils. (Under <i>Ancistrophyllum</i> Mann & Wendl. or <i>Calamus</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laccosperma</b> Mann & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -15. (8.) Fruit a drupe; endocarp very hard, with 3 pores. [Tribe COCOEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry; endocarp membranous, rarely woody. [Tribe ARECEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers sunk singly in deep pits of the spadix-branches. Spadices unisexual, -with 2 deciduous spathes. Stamens united high up. Fruit -rather small; pericarp spongy outside; pores towards the top of the -stone.—Species 1 (<i>E. guineensis</i> L. oil-palm). Central Africa. The -stem and the leaves furnish wood, fibre, vegetables, and wine; the fruits -are edible and used for making oil. [Subtribe <small>ELAEIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elaeis</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers inserted singly or in groups of three in shallow pits or notches of -the spadix-branches. Spadices bisexual, with a woody, persistent -spathe. Stamens free or united at the base. Fruit large; pericarp -fibrous; pores towards the base of the stone.—Species 1 (<i>C. nucifera</i> L., -coco-nut-palm). Cultivated and sometimes naturalised on the shores -of the tropics. The stem and the leaves furnish wood, fibre, tanning -materials, vegetables, wine, and medicaments; the fruits are edible and -yield oil, fodder, and a drink. [Subtribe <small>ATTALEINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cocos</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -17. Leaves with long prickles. Spadices branched; spathes 2 or more, complete.<br /> -Corolla of the female flowers imbricate in bud. Ovary 1-celled, -with a laterally affixed ovule. Stigmas 3.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_113">{113}</a></span>Leaves without prickles.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -18. Leaves with a long sheath. Spadices below the leaves. Seed with homogeneous -albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Leaves with a rather short sheath. Spadices between the leaves. Seed -with ruminate albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Seed obtusely triquetrous. Stamens 9.—Species 1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Deckenia</b> Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Seed ellipsoid, slightly compressed laterally. Stamens usually 12.—Species<br /> -3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Used in house-building and -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthophoenix</b> Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -20. Leaves 2-cleft, with pinnately toothed margins.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Leaves irregularly pinnatisect.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Stamens 6. Seed and endocarp furrowed. Spadices with 3 spathes. Leaf-stalk -prickly.—Species 1. Seychelles. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Verschaffeltia</b> Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 15-20. Seed and endocarp not furrowed. Spadices with 2 -spathes. Leaf-stalk smooth.—Species 1. Seychelles. Used as an -ornamental plant. (<i>Stevensonia</i> Duncan).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phoenicophorium</b> Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -22. Stamens 6. Seed elliptical. Spadices twice branched, with several spathes.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roscheria</b> Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 40-50. Seed kidney-shaped. Spadices once branched, with<br /> -2 spathes.—Species 1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nephrosperma</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -23. (17.) Spadices with many tubular incomplete spathes, twice branched.<br /> -Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled. Stem tree-like.—Species 4. Madagascar -and Mascarenes. Used as ornamental plants. The fruit is said to be -poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyophorbe</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Spadices with 1-4 spathes, all or the uppermost complete (i.e. completely -enveloping the spadix, when young.)<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Spadices with 4 spathes, simple. Flowers sunk in pits on the spadix.<br /> -Corolla valvate in bud. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled. Stem reed-like.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. The fruit is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podococcus</b> Mann & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Spadices with 1-3 spathes; if simple, then corolla of the female flowers -imbricate in bud or stamens 3 or many.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Stamens numerous. Stigma 1. Ovary 1-celled. Corolla valvate in bud.<br /> -Spadices simple. Flowers sunk in pits on the spadix. Stem short.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerosperma</b> Mann & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-6. Stigmas usually 3.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Stamens in the male flowers 3, staminodes in the female 6. Ovary with 1 -fertile and 2 empty cells.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -27. Stamens opposite the petals, united at the base.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichodypsis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens alternating with the petals, free or almost free.—Species 7. Madagascar.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_114">{114}</a></span>Used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Adelodypsis</i> Becc.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dypsis</b> Nor.<br /> -<br /> -28. Ovary 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled, but usually one cell only fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -29. Spadices simple. Leaves deeply forked. Stem short, erect.—Species 5.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haplophloga</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Spadices branched.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Spadices once branched. Stigma usually 1. Stem tree-like.—Species<br /> -5. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used as ornamental plants.<br /> -The fibres of the leaves (piassave) are used in the manufacture of ropes -and stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dictyosperma</b> Wendl. & Drude<br /> -<br /> -Spadices 2-3 times branched. Stigmas usually 3.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Spadices twice branched. Male flowers with valvate or subimbricate -sepals. Anthers sagittate, basifixed, opening outwards or laterally.<br /> -Rudimentary pistil 3-cleft. Female flowers larger than the male.<br /> -Stigmas 3, subsessile. Tall trees.—Species 1 (<i>A. Catechu</i> L., betel palm).<br /> -Cultivated in East Africa. It yields wood, bark for tanning, fibre, -vegetables, wine, and medicaments; the fruits are chewed.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Areca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Spadices thrice branched. Male flowers with imbricate sepals. Anthers -ovoid, opening inwards. Rudimentary pistil entire.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Styles basal. Stem reed-like.—Species 2. Madagascar. (<i>Chrysalidocarpus</i><br /> -Wendl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neodypsis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Styles or stigmas terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Leaves irregularly pinnatisect, with lanceolate segments. Stem low, -reed-like.—Species 1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Dypsidium</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neophloga</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves regularly pinnatisect, with linear segments. Stem tall.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. (Including <i>Vonitra</i> Becc.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phlogella</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -34. Spadices simple. Petals lanceolate. Anther-halves linear. Style conical.—Species<br /> -3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haplodypsis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Spadices much branched. Petals ovate or orbicular. Anther-halves -oblong or ovate. Style 3-partite.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Flowers monoecious. Sepals of the male flowers orbicular. Stamens -unequal in length. Stigmas awl-shaped. Albumen ruminate.—Species<br /> -5. Madagascar. Leaves used for plaiting-work.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phloga</b> Nor.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Sepals of the male flowers elliptical. Stamens subequal.<br /> -Stigmas short and thick. Albumen homogeneous.—Species 2. Madagascar -and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ravenea</b> Hildebr. & Bouché<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER SPATHIFLORAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_19">FAMILY 19.</a> ARACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves usually net-veined. Flowers in spadices, without bracteoles. -Perianth simple or wanting. Fruit indehiscent or bursting irregularly, -usually berry-like. Seed-coat fleshy.—Genera 33, species 150. (Plate -12.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_11" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_011.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_011.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PALMAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 11.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Raphia Laurentii De Wild.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Inflorescence. <i>B</i> Male flower-buds. <i>C</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. -<i>D</i> Stamen. <i>E</i> Female flower.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_12" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_012.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_012.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ARACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 12.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Hydrosme grata Schott</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Inflorescence and spathe. <i>C</i> Stalk of the inflorescence. -<i>D</i> Inflorescence without the spathe. <i>E</i> Stamen. <i>F</i> Stamen from above. -<i>G</i> Pistil. <i>H</i> Pistil cut lengthwise. (<i>B</i>-<i>H</i> partly from a drawing in -the Vienna Hofmuseum.)</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_115">{115}</a></span></p> - -<p> -1. Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Perianth none. Ovary incompletely 2-celled with several ascending -ovules. Climbing shrubs. Leaves stalked, lanceolate.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa. Used as ornamental plants. (<i>Raphidophora</i> Schott).<br /> -[Tribe MONSTEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afroraphidophora</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 4-6 segments.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2 or more. Tall herbs. Juice milky. Root-stock -tuberous. Leaves sagittate; stalk prickly.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa. Used for making salt. [Tribe LASIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyrtosperma</b> Griff.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled. Juice not milky.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovule one in each cell, ascending, inverted. Seeds exalbuminous. Climbing -shrubs. Leaves stalked, lanceolate to ovate. Spathe oblong or ovate.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. [Tribe POTHOEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pothos</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules several in each cell, pendulous, straight. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -Herbs with a creeping root-stock. Leaves sessile, linear, sword-shaped.<br /> -Spathe linear, sword-shaped, forming a continuation of the flowering -stem.—Species 1 (<i>A. Calamus</i> L., sweet-flag). Introduced in the<br /> -Mascarene Islands. Yields tanning-materials and is used in the preparation -of perfumes, liquors, snuff, and medicaments. [Tribe ACOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acorus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Perianth present.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Perianth none.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth cupular. Ovary 1-4-celled with 2 or more ovules in each cell.<br /> -Juice milky. Leaves sagittate; stalk not thickened near the middle.<br /> -Spathe-margins connate below.—Species 20. Central and South-East<br /> -Africa. [Tribe STYLOCHITONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stylochiton</b> Leprieur<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 4 free segments. Ovary 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell.<br /> -Juice not milky. Leaves pinnate; stalk with a thickened joint near -the middle. Spathe-margins free. [Tribe ZAMIOCULCASEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Stamens with free filaments; anthers opening by slits. Leaves several, -once pinnate. Spathe upon a short stalk.—Species 1. East Africa -and Mascarene Islands. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zamioculcas</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens with united filaments; anthers opening by pores. Leaf 1, thrice -pinnate in the adult stage. Spathe upon a long stalk.—Species 2.<br /> -East Africa to the upper Congo.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gonatopus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -8. Stamens united throughout their length or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Stamens free or united in pairs or at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -9. Female (inferior) part of the spadix adnate to the spathe, 1-flowered.<br /> -Stamens 2. Floating water-plants. Juice not milky.—Species 1.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Used medicinally. [Tribe<br /> -PISTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pistia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Female part of the spadix free from the spathe, several-flowered.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_116">{116}</a></span>Stamens 3-8, very rarely 2. Land- or marsh-plants. Juice milky.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Stem creeping. Leaves lanceolate, parallel-veined, with numerous primary -and secondary lateral veins. Ovary completely or incompletely<br /> -2-3-celled with numerous ovules.—Species 12. West Africa. [Tribe<br /> -ANUBIADEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anubias</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect or tuberous. Leaves ovate, ovate-sagittate or dissected, net-veined, -rarely parallel-veined with 5 primary lateral nerves.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovules 1-3. Spadix with barren flowers below and above the male ones.<br /> -Stem short, ascending. Leaves ovate or sagittate, entire, with about<br /> -5 primary lateral nerves and many parallel secondary ones.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands and Zanzibar. They yield -fibre and edible tubers and seeds and are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Typhonodorum</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 4 or more. Leaves sagittate- or cordate-ovate and net-veined, -or dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Ovules 4. Female flowers with staminodes. Spadix with a terminal -appendage. Stem tuberous. Leaves dissected.—Species 1. Seychelles.<br /> -[Tribe PROTAREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Protarum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules more than 4. Leaves sagittate- or cordate-ovate. [Tribe COLOCASIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Ovary completely 1-celled. Ovules straight or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Ovules incompletely 2-3-celled. Ovules inverted. Spadix without a -terminal appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -14. Ovules few, basal. Stem erect. Spadix with a terminal appendage.—Species<br /> -1. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in Madagascar and -the neighbouring islands. Stem and leaves are edible; also used as an -ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alocasia</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Ovules many, parietal. Stem tuberous.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Spadix with a terminal appendage. Spathe erect. Stamens 3-6.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. antiquorum</i> Schott, taro or dinde). Cultivated and sometimes -naturalised in Tropical and North Africa. The tubers and leaves are -eaten and used in medicine; also an ornamental plant. (Under <i>Caladium</i><br /> -Vent.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colocasia</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Spadix without an appendage. Spathes recurved at the top. Stamens<br /> -2-3.—Species 1. Island of Socotra. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Remusatia</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -16. Style disc-like, adnate to the styles of the neighbouring flowers. Ovules -with a long funicle. Leaves leathery.—Species 2. Cultivated and sometimes -naturalised in West Africa and the Mascarene Islands. Used as -ornamental plants or vegetables.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xanthosoma</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Style none. Ovules with a short funicle. Leaves herbaceous, usually -with red spots.—Species 1. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised -in West Africa. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caladium</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -17. (8.) Stem above ground and usually climbing or underground and creeping.<br /> -Spadix without an appendage. Ovary 1-2-celled with 1 ovule in each -cell.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_117">{117}</a></span>Stem underground, short and thick, more or less tuberous. Juice milky.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -18. Juice milky. Leaves cordate or sagittate. Female inflorescence not -adnate to the spathe. Ovary 1-celled. [Tribe NEPHTHYTIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Juice not milky. Leaves lanceolate oblong or elliptical, acute or obtuse -at the base, rarely cordate and then female inflorescence adnate to the -spathe or ovary 2-celled. Seed albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -19. Stem underground, creeping.—Species 3. West Africa. Used as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Oligogynium</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nephthytis</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Stem above ground, climbing, woody.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Leaves perforated or dissected. Male inflorescence three times as long as -the female and contiguous to it. Ovary with a strongly projecting -parietal placenta.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhektophyllum</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Leaves entire or lobed, not perforated. Ovary with a slightly projecting -parietal or sub-basal placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Leaves oblong, shortly cordate at the base. Male inflorescence twice as -long as the female and contiguous to it. Stamens 2-3.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons). (Under <i>Cercestis</i> Schott).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alocasiophyllum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves sagittate or hastate. Stamens usually 4.—Species 7. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cercestis</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -22. Stem creeping. Female inflorescence adnate to the spathe, as long as the -male. Ovary conical. Style present.—Species 1. Central Africa.<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant. [Tribe CALLOPSIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Stem climbing or erect. Female inflorescence free from the spathe.<br /> -Ovary subglobose. Style wanting.—Species 17. Central Africa. Some -are used as ornamental plants. [Tribe CULCASIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Culcasia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -23. (17.) Spadix covered with fertile flowers to the top. Ovary with 4 or -more ovules. Leaves sagittate or hastate. Spathe funnel-shaped.—Species<br /> -10. South Africa and southern Central Africa; one species<br /> -(<i>Z. aethiopica</i> Spreng.) cultivated as an ornamental plant under the name -of “Calla” and naturalised in the island of Madeira. (<i>Aroides</i> Heist.,<br /> -<i>Richardia</i> Kunth). [Tribe ZANTEDESCHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zantedeschia</b> Spreng.<br /> -<br /> -Spadix ending in an appendage which is glabrous or covered with rudimentary -flowers, rarely without an appendage, but then ovary 1-2-ovuled -and leaves dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Ovules inverted. Ovary usually 2-4-celled. Male and female portions -of the spadix contiguous, rarely separated by a glabrous interval without -barren flowers. Leaf 1, dissected. [Tribe AMORPHOPHALLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Ovules straight. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds albuminous. Spadix with a -terminal appendage. [Tribe AREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -25. Spadix ending in a flowerless appendage.—Species 35. Tropics. Some -have edible tubers or are used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Amorphophallus</i><br /> -Blume). (Plate 12.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrosme</b> Schott.<br /> -<br /> -Spadix covered with flowers to the top; upper flowers sometimes reduced<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_118">{118}</a></span>to barren stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Ovary 1-celled. Male inflorescence as long as the female. Spathe boat-shaped.—Species<br /> -7. Central Africa. Some have edible tubers.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anchomanes</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Male inflorescence longer than the female.—Species 2.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa. (Including <i>Zyganthera</i> N.E. Brown).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudohydrosme</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -27. Spadix unisexual (containing male or female flowers only). Stamens 2-4.<br /> -Ovules basal. Leaves dissected.—Species 4. East Africa. Some are -poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arisaema</b> Mart.<br /> -<br /> -Spadix bisexual (containing both male and female flowers).<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Male inflorescence contiguous to the female.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Male inflorescence separated from the female by a distinct interval usually -covered with rudimentary flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -29. Stamen 1. Anther opening by a slit. Ovules basal. Leaves sagittate -or hastate.—Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<br /> -The tubers are poisonous when raw, but edible when cooked, and furnish -starch, medicaments, and a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arisarum</b> Targ. Tozz.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-4. Anthers opening by pores. Ovules basal or apical. Leaves -several dissected.—Species 2. North-west Africa. Used as ornamental -plants. The tubers are poisonous when raw, but edible when cooked, -and furnish starch, medicaments, and a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dracunculus</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -30. Interval between the male and the female inflorescence without rudimentary -flowers. Spathe divided into two chambers, one of which contains a -female flower, the other one several male flowers. Stamens 2. Ovules -numerous. Leaves ovate.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ambrosinia</b> Bassi<br /> -<br /> -Interval between the male and the female inflorescence clothed with -rudimentary flowers. Spathe not 2-chambered. Female flowers -several.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Ovules 6 or more, parietal. Stamens 3-4. Leaves sagittate or hastate.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa. Poisonous and sometimes used as ornamental -plants. The tubers are edible when cooked and yield starch; they are -also used in medicine and as a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-4, basal. Stamens 1-2. Leaves linear, oblong, ovate, or dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Ovule 1. Leaves several, entire.—Species 3. North Africa. Used as -ornamental plants. The tubers are edible when cooked, and yield -starch, medicaments, and a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Biarum</b> Schott<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2-4. Leaf 1, dissected.—Species 2. East Africa and Angola.<br /> -Used as ornamental plants. The tubers are edible when cooked, and -yield starch, medicaments, and a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sauromatum</b> Schott<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_119">{119}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_20">FAMILY 20.</a> LEMNACEAE</p> - -<p>Floating herbs without distinct stems or leaves, consisting of leaf-or -grain-like fronds. Inflorescence seated in a cavity of the frond and -consisting of 1-2 male flowers and a female. Flowers monoecious, without -a perianth. Stamen 1. Ovary 1-celled, with 1-6 basal ovules and a -funnel-shaped stigma. Seed-coat fleshy.—Genera 3, species 12.</p> - -<p> -1. Fronds rootless. Inflorescence on the back of the frond, without a spathe -and consisting of 1 male and 1 female flower.—Species 6. (Including<br /> -<i>Wolffiella</i> Hegelm., under <i>Lemna</i> L.) [Subfamily <b>WOLFFIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wolffia</b> Horkel<br /> -<br /> -Fronds with roots. Inflorescence at the margin of the frond, consisting of<br /> -2 male and a female flower enclosed by a spathe. [Subfamily <b>LEMNOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Fronds with one root each, 3-5-nerved.—Species 5. Some are used in -medicine. “Duckweed.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lemna</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fronds with several roots each, many-nerved.—Species 1. (Under <i>Lemna</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spirodela</b> Schleid.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER FARINOSAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER FLAGELLARIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_21">FAMILY 21.</a> FLAGELLARIACEAE</p> - -<p>Climbing herbs. Leaves lanceolate, ending in a tendril. Flowers in -panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, free, -subpetaloid, yellowish or whitish, the outer somewhat shorter than the -inner. Stamens 6. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary superior, 3-celled, with -a solitary, inverted ovule in the inner angle of each cell. Style with 3 -linear, recurved stigmas. Fruit a 1-2-seeded berry. Seeds with a mealy -albumen and a small marginal embryo.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1. Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used in medicine -and for plaiting-work.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flagellaria</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ENANTIOBLASTAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_22">FAMILY 22.</a> RESTIONACEAE</p> - -<p>Grass-like herbs. Leaves linear or reduced to the sheath. Flowers in -spikelets usually arranged in spikes or panicles, regular, unisexual. -Perianth of 3-6 membranous or scarious segments, imbricate in bud, -rarely absent in the female flowers. Stamens 2-3. Anthers 1-celled. -Ovary superior, 1-3-celled, with 1-3 pendulous, straight ovules. Fruit -dry. Seeds with a mealy albumen and a marginal embryo.—Genera 12. -Species 230. South Africa to Nyasaland. (Plate 13.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes 2-3-celled when young. Fruit 1-celled, -indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_120">{120}</a></span>Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit 1-3-celled, dehiscent. Flowers dioecious.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -2. Spikelets, all or most of them, bisexual, containing a male and a female -flower, arranged in spikes. Styles 2.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllocomos</b> Mast.<br /> -<br /> -Spikelets unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Female spikelets 1-flowered. Styles or stigmas 2.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Female spikelets 2-many-flowered, very rarely 1-flowered, but then stigmas<br /> -3.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Glumes distant. Male spikelets in panicles, female in spikes.—Species<br /> -10. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Including <i>Ceratocaryum</i> Nees).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Willdenowia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Glumes closely imbricate.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Female flowers on a thick stalk. Style 1, with 2 stigmas. Fruits more -or less distinctly stalked.—Species 15. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypodiscus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers on a thin stalk or sessile. Styles 2. Fruits sessile.—Species<br /> -20. South Africa to Nyasaland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypolaena</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -6. Outer perianth-segments of the female flowers winged on the keel.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Outer perianth-segments not winged. Styles 2-3.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Style 1. Female spikelets in spikes.—Species 15. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thamnochortus</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-3. Female spikelets solitary or in fascicles.—Species 5. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony). (Under <i>Thamnochortus</i> Berg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Staberoha</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -8. Female spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2-3 on the top of the stem,<br /> -2-5-flowered. Outer perianth-segments larger than the inner. Styles<br /> -2.—Species 8. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cannomois</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Female spikelets in spikes or panicles. Outer perianth-segments as large -as or smaller than the inner, more rarely larger, but then styles 3.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Leaf-sheaths persistent. Styles 3.—Species 15. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptocarpus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Leaf-sheaths deciduous, more rarely persistent, but then styles 2.—Species<br /> -30. South Africa. (Including <i>Lamprocaulos</i> Mast.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elegia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. (1.) Leaf-sheaths persistent.—Species 100. South Africa. (Plate 13.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Restio</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaf-sheaths, at least the upper ones, deciduous. Spikelets few-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary and fruit 2-celled. Female spikelets in short spikes.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Askidiosperma</b> Steud.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 3-celled.—Species 15. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dovea</b> Kunth<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_23">FAMILY 23.</a> MAYACACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves alternate, linear, 2-toothed at the apex. Flowers in -axillary, 2-3-flowered umbels, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth -consisting of 3 imbricate sepals and 3 imbricate petals. Stamens 3. -Anthers opening by a terminal pore. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 3 -parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, straight. Style and stigma simple. -Fruit capsular. Embryo at the apex of the mealy albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mayaca</b> Aubl.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_13" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_013.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_013.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RESTIONACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 13.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Restio compressus Rottb.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Upper part of a plant in flower. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Male flower. -<i>D</i> Male flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_14" style="width: 323px;"> -<a href="images/plt_014.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_014.jpg" width="323" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>XYRIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 14.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Xyris angustifolia De Wild. & Dur.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower (the third sepal has fallen off). <i>C</i> -Lower part of the flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_121">{121}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_24">FAMILY 24.</a> XYRIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves radical, linear. Flowers in spikes or heads with an -involucre of imbricate bracts, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, one much larger -than the others and deciduous. Petals 3, united below into a tube. -Fertile stamens 3, adnate to the petals; staminodes 3. Anthers opening -by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely -3-celled. Ovules numerous, straight. Style 3-cleft. Fruit capsular. -Embryo at the apex of the mealy albumen. (Plate 14.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xyris</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_25">FAMILY 25.</a> ERIOCAULACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves radical, linear. Flowers in heads surrounded by an -involucre, very small, monoecious. Perianth membranous, simple or -double, rarely in the female flowers none. Stamens 2-6. Anthers -2-celled. Ovary superior, 2-3-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each -cell. Styles or style-branches 2-3. Fruit capsular. Embryo small, at the -apex of the albumen.—Genera 4, species 80. Tropical and South Africa. -(Plate 15.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 2-3, opposite the petals. Petals of the male flowers united -below, without a gland on the inside. Style-branches 6, three of which -bear a stigma, rarely 3. [Subfamily <b>PAEPALANTHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-6, very rarely fewer, but then petals free. Petals usually with<br /> -a gland on the inside near the apex. Style-branches 2-3, without -alternating appendages. [Subfamily <b>ERIOCAULOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals of the female flowers united at their middle part.—Species 6. Central -and South Africa. (Under <i>Paepalanthus</i> Mart.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syngonanthus</b> Ruhl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals of the female flowers free.—Species 3. West Africa and Mascarene<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paepalanthus</b> Mart.<br /> -<br /> -3. Petals united into a tube, but free at the base in the female flowers. Inner -involucral bracts more or less spreading. Stamens 6.—Species 8.<br /> -Tropics. Some are used in medicine. (Plate 15.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mesanthemum</b> Koern.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free or absent. Inner involucral bracts rarely spreading.—Species<br /> -60. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriocaulon</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BROMELIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_26">FAMILY 26.</a> RAPATEACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves radical, lanceolate. Flowers in heads with 2 large -involucral bracts, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth corolla-like, yellow -or whitish, 6-lobed. Stamens 6, inserted in the tube of the perianth. -Anthers linear, opening by two terminal pores. Ovary superior, 3-celled, -with 1 ascending, inverted ovule in each cell. Style simple. Fruit -capsular. Embryo near the apex of the mealy albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. West Africa (Liberia).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maschalocephalus</b> Gilg & Schum.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_122">{122}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_27">FAMILY 27.</a> BROMELIACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves for the most part radical, linear, toothed. Inflorescence -terminal, cone-shaped. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth -consisting of a calyx and a corolla. Petals slightly cohering and -bearing two scales at the base. Stamens 6, slightly adhering to the -petals. Anthers linear, turned inwards. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, -3-celled, with many axile, inverted ovules. Style 1; stigmas 3. Fruits -berry-like, united into a cone-shaped head. Embryo near the base of the -mealy albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1 (<i>A. sativus</i> Schult., pine-apple). Cultivated and often -naturalised in the tropics. The edible fruit and the fibres of the -leaves are used. (<i>Ananassa</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ananas</b> Adans.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER COMMELININEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_28">FAMILY 28.</a> COMMELINACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers hermaphrodite. -Perianth-segments 6, more or less distinctly separated into sepals and -petals. Fertile stamens 2-6. Ovary superior, 2-3-celled. Ovules -straight. Style terminal. Embryo near the apex of the more or less mealy -albumen.—Genera 12, species 160. (Plate 16.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit indehiscent, ovate or globular. Ovary 3-celled. Petals free, white, -more rarely pale pink or blueish. Inflorescence a panicle without -spathe-like bracts. [Tribe POLLIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing loculicidally.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Pericarp succulent. Margin of the leaves silky. Perfect stamens 3.—Species<br /> -10. West Africa and Upper Nile. Some are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Palisota</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp crusty. Margin of the leaves nearly glabrous. Perfect stamens<br /> -3 or 6.—Species 5. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pollia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -3. Fertile stamens 2-3, sterile ones 0-4, often bearing empty anthers.<br /> -[Tribe COMMELINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5-6. [Tribe TRADESCANTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -4. Inflorescence in the axil of spathe-like bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence without spathe-like bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Sterile stamens with linear anther-halves cohering at the base. Ovary<br /> -2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Petals white. Spathes on the -elongate branches of a panicle.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polyspatha</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Sterile stamens with cross-shaped anthers. Ovary usually 3-celled. Petals -usually blue.—Species 80. Some have an edible root-stock or yield -vegetables, medicaments, or dyeing-materials; others are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Commelina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Sepals large, equal, lanceolate, acute. Petals equal. Fruit with 3 equal-sized, -many-seeded cells.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthericopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_15" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_015.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_015.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ERIOCAULACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 15.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Mesanthemum radicans (Benth.) Koern.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Inflorescence cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Bract. <i>D</i> -Male flower. <i>E</i> Male flower laid open. <i>F</i> Older female flower (from -which the sepals have been removed excepting one). <i>G</i> Older female -flower laid open (the ovary cut lengthwise).</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_16" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_016.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_016.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>COMMELINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 16.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Aneilema beninense Kunth</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower (the ovary cut lengthwise).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_123">{123}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Sepals small, unequal, ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse. Petals unequal.<br /> -Fruit with 2 cells, more rarely with 3, one of which is smaller and 1-2-seeded.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants. (Plate 16.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aneilema</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals united below into a tube, but sometimes free at the base, blueish or -reddish. Ovary 3-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Petals free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Stamens inserted towards the top of the corolla-tube. Petals united from -the base.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coleotrype</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla. Petals free at the base.—Species<br /> -15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyanotis</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit ovate. Filaments glabrous.<br /> -Petals red or yellow. Inflorescence a panicle.—Species 9. Tropical -and South-east Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Floscopa</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Ovules 4-10 in each cell. Fruit oblong. Filaments glabrous. Petals -whitish. Inflorescence a panicle.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buforrestia</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-2 in each cell. Fruit ovoid or globular. Stamens hairy. Inflorescence -spike-, head-, or umbel-like.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovules 2 in each cell; in the dorsal cell sometimes solitary. Fruit subglobular.<br /> -Stamens with a narrow connective. Sepals herbaceous, green.<br /> -Inflorescence spike- or head-like. Stem long.—Species 3. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Forrestia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule 1 in each cell. Fruit ovoid. Stamens with a broad connective.<br /> -Sepals subpetaloid. Inflorescence umbel-like and surrounded by an -involucre of two bracts. Stem short.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhoeo</b> Hance<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER PONTEDERIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_29">FAMILY 29.</a> PONTEDERIACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs. Flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles, without bracts, -hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 6, petaloid, white, yellow or blue, -united below into a tube, rarely nearly free. Stamens 3 or 6, affixed to -the perianth. Anthers oblong. Ovary superior, 1-or 3-celled, with -numerous inverted ovules. Style simple. Fruit a loculicidal, many-seeded -capsule. Seeds with a ribbed testa, a copious mealy albumen, and a long -cylindrical embryo.—Genera 3, species 5. Tropics.</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 3. Ovary 1-celled or incompletely 3-celled. Perianth funnel-shaped, -with a distinct tube.—Species 3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteranthera</b> Ruiz & Pav.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_124">{124}</a></span>Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled. Perianth blue or violet.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Perianth funnel-shaped, with a distinct tube; Filaments thread-like. Anthers -attached by the back. Stigma entire or shortly lobed.—Species 1.<br /> -Tropics. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eichhornia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Perianth bell-shaped, with nearly free segments. Filament of the largest -stamen toothed at the base. Anthers attached by the base. Stigma -deeply cleft.—Species 1. Central Africa (Upper Nile and Kasai).<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant, and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monochoria</b> Presl<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_30">FAMILY 30.</a> CYANASTRACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Root-stock tuberous. Leaves elliptical or cordate, with curved -main-nerves. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, provided with -bracts. Perianth-segments 6, petaloid, shortly united at the base. -Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the perianth, more or less united -below. Anthers linear, longer than the filaments, opening by short slits -at the apex. Ovary slightly sunk in the receptacle, deeply lobed, -3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, ascending, inverted. Style simple, with -a 3-lobed stigma. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Seed with a thin testa, a -copious albumen, and a transversely-ovate marginal embryo. (Under -<i>PONTEDERIACEAE</i> or <i>HAEMODORACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 5. Central Africa. Some have edible tubers. (<i>Schoenlandia</i><br /> -Cornu).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyanastrum</b> Oliv.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER LILIIFLORAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER JUNCINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_31">FAMILY 31.</a> JUNCACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves linear or reduced to the sheath. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. -Perianth-segments 6, free, stiff, usually green. Stamens 3 or 6. Ovary -superior, 1-or 3-celled. Ovules 3 or more, inverted. Style 1; stigmas 3, -elongated. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a straight axile embryo and -abundant albumen.—Genera 3, species 55. (Plate 17.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stem woody. Leaves at its top, stiff, serrate. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 or -few ovules in each cell. Style very short. Seeds with a large embryo -and appressed testa.—Species 1. South Africa. It yields fibres and -vegetables and is used for plaiting-work. “Palmiet.” (Plate 17.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prionium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous. Style thread-like. Seeds with a small embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 1-celled, with 3 basal ovules. Leaves with a closed sheath and -ciliate margins.—Species 10. North and South Africa and high mountains -of Central Africa. “Wood-rush.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Luzula</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-3-celled, with numerous parietal or axile ovules.—Species 45.<br /> -Some are used in medicine or for plaiting-work. “Rush.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Juncus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_17" style="width: 339px;"> -<a href="images/plt_017.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_017.jpg" width="339" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>JUNCACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 17.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Prionium serratum Drege</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Inflorescence. <i>B</i> Branch of the inflorescence. <i>C</i> Older flower. -<i>D</i> Younger flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Leaf.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_18" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_018.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_018.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LILIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 18.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dracaena Perrotetii Bak.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_125">{125}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER LILIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_32">FAMILY 32.</a> LILIACEAE</p> - -<p>Perianth more or less corolla-like. Stamens 6, rarely fewer. Ovary -superior, usually 2-5-celled, rarely 1-celled with parietal placentas. -Seeds with a small embryo and abundant, fleshy or horny albumen.—Genera -79, species 1450. (Including <i>COLCHICACEAE</i> and <i>SMILACEAE</i>.) (Plate -18.)</p> - -<p> -1. Underground part of the stem a bulb or a corm.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Underground part of the stem a rootstock or not distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaves all radical, rarely also some much smaller cauline leaves present.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Leaves distributed along the stem or crowded at its top.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -3. Stem arising out of a corm, very short, underground during the time of -flowering, bearing 1-3 flowers at the top. Perianth with a very long, -sometimes split tube. Capsule opening septicidally. [Tribe COLCHICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Stem arising out of a bulb. Flowers in racemes or umbels, very rarely -solitary. Perianth with a not very long tube or without a tube. Capsule -opening loculicidally.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Perianth-segments free.—Species 2. Algeria and Abyssinia. Used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Merendera</b> Ram.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments united below.—Species 5. North Africa. Poisonous -and used as medicinal and ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colchicum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers in cymose umbels or heads surrounded by 2-3 bracts. Scape -distinctly developed. Leaves usually linear. Perianth-segments free -or united at the base only. [Tribe ALLIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes, corymbs, or spikes, very rarely solitary, rarely in -umbels or heads surrounded by 3 or more bracts, but then scape almost -wanting, leaves oblong to ovate, spreading, and perianth-segments -united to the middle or higher up.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Inflorescence surrounded by narrow bracts. Radical leaves 1-3. Perianth -usually yellow.—Species 10. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gagea</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence surrounded by broad membranous bracts usually united -at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Perianth-segments united into a short tube at the base. Filaments dilated.<br /> -Ovules in each ovary-cell 6-12. Smell not alliaceous.—Species 2.<br /> -Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North Africa, the Mascarene<br /> -Islands, and St. Helena. Ornamental plants. (<i>Milla</i> Cav.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nothoscordum</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments free or nearly free. Ovules in each ovary-cell 2, rarely<br /> -3-6. Smell alliaceous.—Species 30. North Africa, Abyssinia, southern<br /> -West Africa, and South Africa. Some of them (onion, leek, garlic) are -cultivated as vegetables or pot-herbs, and yield also condiments, medicaments,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_126">{126}</a></span>and glue; others are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -8. Anthers attached by the base. Stem or inflorescence branched or twining.<br /> -Leaves vanishing before the time of flowering. [Tribe ASPHODELEAE,<br /> -Subtribe <small>ERIOSPERMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Anthers attached by the back. Stem simple. [Tribe SCILLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Inflorescence twining, bearing flowers on its upper branches only. Seeds -oblong, with a small embryo.—Species 1. South Africa. Used as an -ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bowiea</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence bearing flowers on all its branches or not branched. Seeds -ovoid or globose, with a large embryo.—Species 7. South Africa to<br /> -Angola.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizobasis</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers in nearly sessile heads or umbels surrounded by an involucre.<br /> -Perianth-segments united into a tube below. Leaves 2, oblong or -ovate.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes or spikes, rarely solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Perianth-segments very unequal. Filaments free.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daubenya</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments subequal. Filaments united at the base.—Species 30.<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. <b>Massonia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -12. Perianth-segments free or nearly free.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments united into a tube below.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -13. Seeds flattened or sharply angled, more or less distinctly winged. Perianth -white, yellow, or green.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Seeds globose or obovoid.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Perianth persistent; inner segments somewhat shorter than the outer, -connivent at the top, hood-shaped or crested.—Species 70. South and<br /> -Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Albuca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth deciduous; segments subequal, spreading or connivent and -bell-shaped.—Species 55. Some of them are poisonous or used in medicine -or as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urginea</b> Steinh.<br /> -<br /> -15. Inflorescence racemose, crowned by a tuft of leafy bracts. Perianth -greenish.—Species 10. South Africa to Nyasaland. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eucomis</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence without a terminal tuft of bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Perianth-segments convex, connivent at the top, whitish. Flowers in -spikes or spike-like racemes, sessile or short-stalked, the uppermost -abortive. Filaments broadened almost to the top.—Species 17. Central -and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drimiopsis</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments spreading or campanulately-connivent at the base.<br /> -Flowers in racemes, long- or short-stalked, in the latter case filaments -thread-shaped or broadened at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Perianth-segments 1-nerved, blue or red, rarely whitish or greenish. Stamens -affixed to the perianth; filaments thread-shaped or broadened at<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_127">{127}</a></span>the base only.—Species 100. Some have edible bulbs or are used in -medicine or as ornamental plants. “Squill.” (Including <i>Endymion</i><br /> -Dumort.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scilla</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments obscurely many-nerved, white or yellow and usually -striped, rarely brownish or greenish. Stamens usually free from the -perianth and with flattened filaments.—Species 90. Some have edible -bulbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ornithogalum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -18. Perianth-tube cylindrical, linear or oblong in section.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-tube bell-, urn-, funnel-, or saucer-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -19. Perianth-segments very short and broad, more or less ovate.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments narrow and more or less elongated.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -20. Perianth falling off after flowering. Stamens inserted below the throat; -filaments very short. Ovules numerous. Seeds flattened. Leaves -awl-shaped. Flowers solitary or in pairs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Litanthus</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth withering. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; filaments -thread-shaped. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds thick. Leaves strap-shaped.<br /> -Flowers in dense racemes.—Species 3. South Africa. Used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Veltheimia</b> Gled.<br /> -<br /> -21. Seeds flattened. Anthers linear. Perianth-segments unequal, the outer -spreading, the inner erect, as long as or shorter than the outer. Leaves -linear, usually more than 2.—Species 60.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dipcadi</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds thick. Anthers oblong. Perianth-segments equal or, if unequal, -the inner usually longer than the outer. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, -more rarely linear, usually 2.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Perianth-segments equal, lanceolate, shorter than the tube. Stamens inserted -at the throat of the perianth. Leaves 2, oblong.—Species 10.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polyxena</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments more or less unequal in length, oblong or spatulate.<br /> -Stamens inserted in the tube of the perianth.—Species 40. South<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachenalia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -23. Perianth-segments very short, usually blue.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments half as long as the tube or longer.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -24. Perianth urn-shaped. Ovules 2 in each cell.—Species 7. North Africa.<br /> -Several species serve as ornamental plants; the bulbs are used in -medicine and as a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Muscari</b> Mill.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth bell-shaped. Ovules 5-6 in each cell.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhodocodon</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -25. Perianth-segments unequal, the inner longer. Leaves 2, rarely 3-5.<br /> -(See 22.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachenalia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments nearly equal.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Perianth with a very short tube and spreading segments. Filaments -united at the base. Leaves 2, broad. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Whiteheadia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a more or less elongated tube, very rarely with a short tube,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_128">{128}</a></span>but with erect segments. Leaves 2, narrow, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Seeds globular or obovoid, turgid. Ovules 2-6 in each cell.—Species<br /> -12. North and South Africa, southern East Africa, and Madagascar.<br /> -Some species are used in medicine, perfumery, or gardening. (Including<br /> -<i>Bellevalia</i> Lapeyr.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyacinthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds flattened or angular. Ovules 6 or more in each cell. Flowers -whitish.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Perianth-segments erect or converging.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments spreading or bent back.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -29. Perianth funnel-shaped; segments half as long as the curved tube. Stamens -inserted at the throat. Ovary oblong. Style subulate. Leaves large, -lanceolate. Raceme dense, about 100-flowered.—Species 2. German<br /> -South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudogaltonia</b> Kuntze<br /> -<br /> -Perianth bell-shaped; segments as long as the tube or longer. Stamens -inserted below the throat. Ovary ovate. Style short, columnar.<br /> -Leaves short, linear. Raceme lax, 6-20-flowered.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhadamantus</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -30. Perianth withering; segments as long as the tube, the outer oblong, the -inner obovate. Stamens inserted below the throat. Seeds angular.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galtonia</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth falling off after flowering; segments somewhat longer than the -tube, linear or oblong. Stamens inserted at the throat. Seeds discoid.—Species<br /> -30. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drimia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -31. (2.) Anthers turned outwards, opening outwards or laterally. Styles 3.<br /> -[Tribe ANGUILLARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -Anthers turned inwards, opening inwards or laterally. Style 1, sometimes -very short, with 1-3 stigmas. Flowers solitary or in lax, few-flowered -racemes or umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -32. Capsule opening loculicidally. Flowers long-stalked, solitary or in racemes, -rarely short-stalked and then solitary and axillary. Perianth dark -brown.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -Capsule opening septicidally. Flowers sessile or short-stalked, in spikes, -spike-like racemes, or heads, rarely solitary and terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -33. Perianth deciduous; segments without a gland at the base. Stamens -with thickened filaments. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 10.<br /> -Tropics and northern South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iphigenia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Perianth persistent; segments with a gland at the base. Stamens with -thread-shaped filaments. Flowers in racemes.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa, southern Central Africa, and Madagascar. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ornithoglossum</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -34. Perianth-segments united below, persistent. Stigmas capitate. Flowers -in spikes, without bracts.—Species 4. South Africa and mountains<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_129">{129}</a></span>of Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wurmbea</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments free, clawed. Flowers in heads or racemes, rarely -solitary or in spikes; in the latter case perianth deciduous and stigmas -on the inside of the styles.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Flowers in spikes, without bracts. Perianth deciduous, whitish. Ovary<br /> -3-lobed, obovate.—Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Including<br /> -<i>Neodregea</i> Wright).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dipidax</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads or racemes, rarely solitary, provided with bracts. Perianth -persistent.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Flowers in racemes or solitary. Stigmas lateral. Ovary triangular-cylindrical.<br /> -Perianth yellow or red. Stem distinctly developed.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baeometra</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads. Stigmas minute. Ovary usually ovoid.—Species<br /> -20. South, East, and North Africa. (<i>Erythrostictus</i> Schlecht.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Androcymbium</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -37. Flowers large, usually solitary. Perianth deciduous, bell- or funnel-shaped, -usually white or reddish. Anthers linear or oblong. Stigma usually<br /> -3-lobed. [Tribe TULIPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -Flowers rather small, usually umbellate. Perianth persistent, finally more -or less wheel-shaped with spreading segments, usually yellow. Anthers -ovate or oblong. Stigma usually simple.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -38. Perianth funnel-shaped, white; segments recurved at the apex. Anthers -attached by the back. Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. North Africa.<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant. “Lily.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lilium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth bell-shaped, usually reddish; segments more or less erect, not -recurved. Anthers attached by the base. Flowers usually solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Flowers drooping. Perianth-segments with a nectar-bearing pit or spot -at the base. Style long.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fritillaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers erect, sometimes slightly drooping before flowering. Perianth-segments -without a pit, but often with a nectar-bearing spot at the base.<br /> -Style very short.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as -ornamental plants. “Tulip.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tulipa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -40. Perianth funnel-shaped, whitish, with oblong-ovate segments. Style short; -stigma 3-lobed.—Species 1. North Africa (Cyrenaica).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lloydia</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth wheel-shaped, usually yellow and with lanceolate segments. (See 6.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gagea</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -41. (1.) Branches leaf-like, but often awl-shaped. Leaves scale-like. Flowers -axillary, solitary or in pairs, more rarely in fascicles, umbels, or racemes.<br /> -Fruit a berry. [Tribe ASPARAGEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -Branches not leaf-like; stem usually simple. Leaves well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -42. Flowers inserted at the base of the usually linear leaf-like branches. Perianth-segments -free or slightly united at the base. Stamens 6, with free -filaments.—Species 80. Some of them are used as vegetables, medicinal-,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_130">{130}</a></span>ornamental-, or hedge-plants. (Including <i>Myrsiphyllum</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asparagus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers inserted on the surface or margin of the lanceolate or broader -leaf-like branches. Stamens with united filaments.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments united high up. Anthers 6.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Style distinctly developed; stigmas 3.—Species 1.<br /> -Canary Islands, Madeira, and Azores.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Semele</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Perianth-segments free. Anthers 3. Ovary 1-celled.<br /> -Style very short; stigma lobed.—Species 2. North Africa. Used as -ornamental and medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruscus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -44. Flowers solitary, axillary. Anthers turned outwards. Fruit capsular.<br /> -[Tribe UVULARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary but terminal or collected into various inflorescences.<br /> -Anthers turned inwards.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -45. Perianth-segments free, spreading or reflexed. Style bent downwards at -the base.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Poisonous and used -as medicinal and ornamental plants; some of them yield starch.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gloriosa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments united below or connivent. Style not bent downwards.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Perianth-segments free or almost so, with a nectar-bearing cavity at their -base.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Littonia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments united almost to the top into a pitcher-shaped tube, -with a short spur at the base.—Species 1. South-East Africa. Used as -an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sandersonia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -47. Flowers solitary, in 2-3-flowered heads, in axillary cymes, or in umbels, -the latter sometimes arranged in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles, which are sometimes contracted -into many-flowered heads or consist of fascicles or cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -48. Stem herbaceous. Leaves radical, linear, parallel-veined. Inflorescence -terminal. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody at least at the base, usually climbing. Leaves cauline, oblong -or broader, net-veined. Inflorescence axillary. Fruit a berry.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -49. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-3, surrounded by an involucre of 5-7 -bracts, sessile. Perianth-segments free. Ovary-cells with a single -ovule.—Species 1. North Africa. [Tribe APHYLLANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aphyllanthes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels enclosed by 2 bracts. Perianth-segments united below.<br /> -Ovary-cells with many ovules. [Tribe AGAPANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Perianth with a long tube and a corona at the throat. Style short, columnar.—Species<br /> -20. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some -are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tulbaghia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a short tube, without a corona. Style filiform. Seeds -winged.—Species 3. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agapanthus</b> L’ Hér.<br /> -<br /> -51. Flowers in cymes, hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments united below into<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_131">{131}</a></span>a long tube.—Species 1. South Africa. [Tribe LUZURIAGEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Behnia</b> Didrichs.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels, dioecious. Perianth-segments free.—Species 9. Some -of them are used medicinally. [Tribe SMILACEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smilax</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -52. Perianth-segments free or almost so, more or less spreading. Stem herbaceous.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. [Tribe ASPHODELEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments evidently united at their base or connivent into a long -tube, rarely almost free and not connivent into a tube, but then stem -woody, very seldom herbaceous plants growing upon trees and having<br /> -a 1-celled ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -53. Anthers attached by the base or between the lobes of the base.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -Anthers attached by the back.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -54. Anthers opening by terminal pores, sometimes prolonged into slits. Filaments -thickened. Perianth blue, rarely white. Fruit a berry. Leaves<br /> -2-ranked, linear. Flowers in lax panicles.—Species 2, one native in<br /> -Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, the other one naturalized -in the Island of St. Helena. They are used as ornamental and medicinal -plants; the berries are poisonous. [Subtribe <small>DIANELLINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dianella</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Fruit a capsule. Leaves in several -ranks or 1-2 only present. Flowers usually in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -55. Anthers without a pit at the base. Perianth more or less campanulate.<br /> -Seeds woolly. Root-stock tuberous. Leaves 1-3, usually a single -leaf.—Species 50. South and Central Africa. Some are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants. [Subtribe <small>ERIOSPERMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriospermum</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers attached to the filament in a small pit at the base. Perianth more -or less rotate. [Subtribes <small>ANTHERICINAE</small> and <small>ASPHODELINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Perianth spirally twisted after flowering, blue violet or red. Ovules 2 -in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -Perianth not twisted, usually white. Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -57. Stamens free or the inner attached to the perianth; filaments flattened.<br /> -Perianth blue. Stem very short, 2-3-flowered.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nanolirion</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens attached to the perianth; filaments thread-shaped. Stem long, -many-flowered.—Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caesia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -58. Ovules many in each cell. Filaments short and broad. Perianth funnel-shaped, -with erect segments.—Species 3. West Africa. (<i>Debesia</i><br /> -Kuntze).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrospira</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 4-8 in each cell. Filaments thread-shaped or slightly broadened -in the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -59. Stamens as long as or longer than the perianth. Flowers almost sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -Stamens shorter than the perianth. Flowers distinctly stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -60. Perianth-segments erect. Leaves broadly elliptical.—Species 1. Southern<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Verdickia</b> De Wild.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments spreading. Leaves linear or lanceolate.—Species 15.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_132">{132}</a></span>Central Africa. (Under <i>Chlorophytum</i> Ker).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dasystachys</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -61. Fruit deeply 3-lobed or acutely angled. Seeds discoid.—Species 80.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlorophytum</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not distinctly lobed, obtusely angled. Filaments thread-shaped.—Species<br /> -120. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (<i>Phalangium</i><br /> -Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthericum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -62. (53.) Anthers attached to the filament in a small dorsal pit.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -Anthers without a dorsal pit.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -63. Perianth wheel-shaped, with spreading 5-nerved segments, white on the -inner face, violet or red on the outer. Filaments woolly. Seeds globular -or ovoid.—Species 1. North-West Africa. Used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Simethis</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Perianth bell- or funnel-shaped, with more or less connivent, 1-nerved -segments. Seeds triquetrous.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -64. Perianth yellow. Filaments distinctly unequal, bent downwards. Stem -bearing leaves to the middle or higher up.—Species 2. North Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asphodeline</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth white or reddish. Filaments subequal. Stem bearing leaves -at the base only.—Species 10. North Africa, northern East Africa, and<br /> -Mascarene Islands. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants -or for preparing glue.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asphodelus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -65. Filaments glabrous. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Perianth white or -yellow.—Species 9. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bulbinella</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Filaments bearded. Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. Perianth yellow, -rarely whitish.—Species 30. South and Central Africa. Some are -poisonous to cattle.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bulbine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -66. (52.) Stamens free from the perianth, rarely (<i>Lomatophyllum</i>) slightly -attached to it at the base. Anthers attached to the tip of the filament -in a small pit. Perianth-segments evidently united or connivent into<br /> -a narrow tube at the base. Fruit a capsule which is rarely fleshy.<br /> -Leaves leathery and all radical, or more or less fleshy. [Tribe ALOINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Stamens attached to the perianth, rarely almost free, but then anthers -without a pit, perianth-segments almost free, spreading or globosely-connivent, -fruit a berry, and leaves not fleshy.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -67. Leaves leathery, minutely toothed or entire, radical or nearly so. Inflorescence -terminal, simple, densely racemose, upon an almost naked -stalk. Perianth usually yellow or red; limb regular or nearly so, -not 2-lipped. [Subtribe <small>KNIPHOFIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -Leaves fleshy and usually prickly, generally inserted on a woody stem, -rarely leathery, but then inflorescence subcapitate or loosely racemose -or perianth with a 2-lipped limb. Inflorescence axillary, but often -apparently terminal. [Subtribe <small>ALOINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -68. Perianth campanulate, with a short and wide tube. Flowers spreading,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_133">{133}</a></span>rarely erect.—Species 5. South Africa to Angola. <b>Notosceptrum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth cylindrical, with a long and narrow tube. Flowers more or less -drooping, rarely erect.—Species 65. South and East Africa to Katanga -and Madagascar. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kniphofia</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -69. Perianth-segments erect or converging. Flowers usually large and red or -yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments spreading or bent back. Flowers usually small and -whitish.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -70. Perianth-tube long, curved, swollen below, cylindrical above. Perianth -usually red. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Stem short. Leaves -not toothed. Racemes lax, one-sided.—Species 40. South Africa.<br /> -Most of them are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gasteria</b> Duval<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-tube straight or almost so, cylindrical or campanulate. Perianth -usually reddish-yellow. Stamens as long as the perianth or somewhat -longer.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -71. Flowers small, erect, whitish, with minute bracts. Perianth-segments -free. Stamens exserted. Filaments thread-shaped. Leaves not awned.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under <i>Aloë</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chamaealoë</b> Berg.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers large, spreading or drooping, yellow or red, rarely small erect -and whitish, but then bracts large, filaments flattened, and leaves long-awned.—Species<br /> -160. They yield fibre, vegetables, dye-stuffs, vermin-poison, -and medicaments, and are often used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aloë</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -72. Perianth with a 2-lipped limb. Stamens shorter than the perianth. Fruit -dry.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a regular, stellate limb. Stem woody.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -73. Ovary and fruit conical, acuminate. Leaves leathery, jointed, dilated -at the base and forming a bulb.—Species 4. South Africa to Angola.<br /> -(Under <i>Haworthia</i> Duval)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chortolirion</b> Berg.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit rounded at the top. Leaves fleshy, not jointed and not -forming a bulb.—Species 60. South Africa to Angola. Some are used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haworthia</b> Duval<br /> -<br /> -74. Perianth with short segments, whitish. Stamens equalling the perianth-tube.<br /> -Fruit dry.—Species 9. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apicra</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with long segments, red or green. Fruit fleshy.—Species 3. Mascarene<br /> -Islands. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lomatophyllum</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -75. (66.) Anthers attached to the tip of the filament in a pit at their back.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled with many ovules in each cell. Fruit a leathery capsule.<br /> -Flowers yellowish-red, large, panicled. Leaves all radical. [Tribe<br /> -HEMEROCALLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -Anthers without a pit. Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell, or -incompletely 6-celled, or 1-celled. Fruit a berry, rarely a fleshy capsule<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_134">{134}</a></span>or a nut. Flowers usually whitish.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -76. Leaves herbaceous. Inflorescence few-flowered. Seeds ovate, angled.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalised in the Mascarene Islands. A garden-plant.<br /> -“Day-lily.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemerocallis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves leathery. Inflorescence many-flowered. Seeds oblong, winged.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>Ph. tenax</i> Forst., New-Zealand-flax). Cultivated in South<br /> -Africa and the Mascarene Islands. Yields fibre and is used as an -ornamental and medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phormium</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -77. Perianth-segments globosely-campanulately converging, slightly cohering -at the base. Stamens with the filaments thickened at the apex and with -sagittate basifixed anthers. Ovary 3-celled, each cell with an incomplete -partition and numerous ovules. Leaves serrate, crowded at the top -of the woody stem.—Species 2. Cultivated and naturalised in the<br /> -Mascarene Islands and the island of Zanzibar. They yield fibre and -starch and are used as ornamental plants. [Tribe YUCCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Yucca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments spreading towards the tip. Stamens with thread-like -filaments or with dorsifixed anthers. Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 -ovules in each cell, or 1-celled. [Tribe DRACAENEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Ovary 1-celled with numerous ovules. Style short or wanting. Anthers -attached at or near the base, opening laterally. Flowers polygamous, -in panicles formed of spikes. Leaves all radical.—Species 1. Mascarene<br /> -Islands. It yields fibre and is used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astelia</b> Banks & Soland.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled with 1-8 ovules in each cell. Anthers attached by the -back.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -79. Ovules 4-8 in each ovary-cell. Style short and thick. Perianth-segments -almost free. Flowers in repeatedly branched panicles. Stem woody.—Species<br /> -2. Mascarene Islands. Used as ornamental plants. (Under<br /> -<i>Cordyline</i> Commers.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cohnia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. Style long and slender. Perianth-segments -evidently united.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -80. Leaves all radical, springing from a short root-stock, cartilaginous. Flowers -in racemes composed of fascicles. Ovary sessile with a large base.<br /> -Fruit an achene with a membranous pericarp. Seed-coat fleshy.—Species<br /> -25. Tropical and South Africa. Many of them yield fibre and -are used as ornamental plants. “Bowstring-hemp.” (<i>Sanseverinia</i><br /> -Petagna).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sansevieria</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves springing from a sometimes very short woody stem, herbaceous -or leathery. Fruit a berry.—Species 65. Tropical and South Africa -and Canary Islands. Several species yield a resin (dragon’s blood) -employed medicinally and industrially; some are used for plaiting-work -or as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dracaena</b> Vand.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_33">FAMILY 33.</a> HAEMODORACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves narrow, 2-ranked. Flowers in racemes or panicles, rarely -solitary, hermaphrodite. Perianth yellow; segments 6, petal-like, free -or<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_135">{135}</a></span> shortly united at the base. Stamens 3, opposite the inner -perianth-segments and attached at their base. Anthers turned inwards. -Ovary 3-celled; two cells sometimes sterile. Style simple, with a simple -stigma, rarely 3-parted. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds flat. Embryo -small, enclosed by the base of the albumen.—Genera 4, species 6. South -Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior, 3-celled. Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary with 1 fertile cell. Flowers regular, glabrous, in racemes.—Species<br /> -1. Natal and Kaffraria.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barberetta</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 3 fertile cells. Flowers irregular, hairy, in panicles.—Species 2.<br /> -Cape Colony. Used as ornamental plants. The roots contain a red -dye-stuff.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wachendorfia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. Flowers hairy, in panicles.—Species 2.<br /> -Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dilatris</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with numerous ovules in each cell. Flowers glabrous, solitary.—Species<br /> -1. Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pauridia</b> Harv.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_34">FAMILY 34.</a> AMARYLLIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth corolla-like. Stamens 6, rarely -(<i>Gethyllis</i>) more. Anthers introrse. Ovary inferior, rarely -half-inferior or (<i>Walleria</i>) almost superior, 3-celled, with slightly -projecting axillary placentas. Ovules inverted. Embryo small, straight, -lateral, enclosed by the fleshy albumen.—Genera 33, species 310. -(Including <i>HYPOXIDACEAE</i>.) (Plate 19.)</p> - -<p> -1. Underground part of the stem a bulb or a corm, rarely a short root-stock.<br /> -Leaves all radical. Flowers solitary or in umbels; inflorescence surrounded -by a spathe. [Subfamily <b>AMARYLLIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Underground part of the stem a root-stock. Flowers in spikes, racemes or -panicles, rarely solitary or in umbels, but without a spathe.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -2. Perianth furnished with a corona, which sometimes is reduced to a narrow -ring or a crown of hairs. [Tribe NARCISSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Perianth without a corona. [Tribe AMARYLLIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens inserted within the corona. Corona cup- or ring-shaped or consisting -of 12 scales. [Subtribe <small>NARCISSINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted on the edge of the cup- or funnel-shaped corona; corona -rarely reduced to a crown of hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Corona of 12 free scales. Perianth tubular, red. Fruit a berry.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa (British East Africa and Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptostephanus</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Corona cup- or ring-shaped, undivided or lobed. Perianth bell-, funnel-, -or salver-shaped, usually white or yellow. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Perianth funnel-shaped, with a very short tube, yellow. Corona little -developed, 6- or 12-lobed.—Species 1. North-West Africa. (<i>Carregnoa</i><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_136">{136}</a></span>Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tapeinanthus</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth salver- or bell-shaped, with a more or less elongated tube.—Species<br /> -10. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants, in the preparation -of perfumes, and in medicine; some species are poisonous. (Including<br /> -<i>Aurelia</i> Gay and <i>Corbularia</i> Haw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Narcissus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube and linear segments, white.<br /> -Corona funnel-shaped. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. [Subtribe <small>EUCHARIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hymenocallis</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth funnel-shaped. Ovary with many ovules in each cell. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>PANCRATIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers white, regular. Corona large, cup-shaped. Stigma 1.—Species<br /> -8. Northern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants, -for the preparation of starch, and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pancratium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers red, slightly irregular. Corona reduced to a crown of hairs.<br /> -Stigmas 3.—Species 2. Naturalised in the West African islands St.<br /> -Thomas and Princes Island. Ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippeastrum</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -8. (2.) Ovules 1-6 in each cell of the ovary. Perianth-segments free or -united below into a short tube. [Subtribe <small>HAEMANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Ovules many in each cell of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -9. Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary. Spathe consisting of two -narrow bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a distinct tube. Spathe of two broad bracts or of more than -two bracts. Anthers oblong, attached by the back.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -10. Anthers globose, attached by the base. Ovules 1-4 in each ovary-cell.<br /> -Perianth red.—Species 10. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Carpolyza</i> Salisb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hessea</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers oblong, attached by the back. Ovules 5-6 in each ovary-cell.—Species<br /> -5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strumaria</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovules 5-6 in each ovary-cell. Perianth reddish-yellow, funnel-shaped.<br /> -Spathe of more than 2 bracts. Leaves linear.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clivia</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-4 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Spathe consisting of 2 bracts. Pedicels long. Perianth red, salver-shaped.<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Leaves linear.—Species 4. South Africa and southern<br /> -Central Africa. Used for the preparation of arrow-poison, in medicine, -and as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buphane</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -Spathe consisting of more than 2 bracts. Pedicels short or rather short.<br /> -Fruit a berry.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Filaments shorter than the anthers. Perianth-tube very short. Umbels -rather few-flowered. Leaves very long and narrow, strap-shaped.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Demeusea</b> De Wild. & Th. Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments as long as or longer than the anthers. Perianth-tube long.<br /> -Umbels many-flowered. Leaves rather short.—Species 45. South and<br /> -Central Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_137">{137}</a></span>medicinal plants. (Including <i>Choananthus</i> Rendle)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haemanthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a distinct tube.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -15. Perianth divided to the ovary, white, rarely reddish. Flowers regular, -middle-sized, solitary or in few-flowered umbels. [Subtribe <small>GALANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a short tube, usually red. Flowers more or less irregular, -in umbels. [Subtribe <small>AMARYLLIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -16. Perianth-segments spreading, whitish. Anthers deeply sagittate at the -base. Flowers erect, in umbels.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lapiedra</b> Lag.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments converging. Anthers slightly sagittate at the base.<br /> -Flowers drooping.—Species 3. North-west Africa. Used as ornamental -plants and in medicine; the bulb is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucoium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -17. Filaments thickened at the base. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit obtusely angled,<br /> -3-valved.—Species 17. South Africa to Damaraland. Some are used -as ornamental plants. (<i>Imhofia</i> Heist.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nerine</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments thread-shaped, free. Stigma entire.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Ovules sunk in the placentas. Ovary oblong. Fruit obtusely angled, -bursting irregularly. Perianth-segments oblong. Flowers drooping.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony); also naturalised in the Canary<br /> -Islands, Madeira, and the Azores. Used as an ornamental plant; the -bulb is poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amaryllis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules not sunk in the placentas. Ovary top-shaped. Fruit acutely -angled, 3-valved.—Species 10. South Africa and southern Central<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brunsvigia</b> Heist.<br /> -<br /> -19. Flowers solitary. [Subtribe <small>ZEPHYRANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels occasionally reduced to a single flower. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CRININAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -20. Perianth with a short tube, funnel-shaped, yellow. Filaments long.<br /> -Anthers oblong, attached at the back near the base. Scape above-ground.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sternbergia</b> Waldst. & Kit.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a long tube. Filaments very short. Anthers linear, attached -at the base. Scape underground.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Perianth salver-shaped, yellow or whitish. Stamens in a single row.—Species<br /> -9. South Africa (Cape Colony). The fruit of some is eaten or -used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gethyllis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth funnel-shaped, white or reddish. Stamens in 2 rows.—Species<br /> -5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apodolirion</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -22. Perianth-tube perceptibly shorter than the limb.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Perianth about as long as or longer than the limb.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -23. Flowers rather small, yellow or yellowish-white, almost regular. Perianth-segments -lanceolate, slightly longer than or twice as long as the tube.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_138">{138}</a></span>Stigmas 3.—Species 2. South and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anoiganthus</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers large, red, reddish-yellow, or reddish-white. Stigma 1, simple -or 3-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Flowers almost regular. Perianth-segments elliptical, about twice as long -as the tube. Umbels 6-9-flowered. Fruit oblong.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony). Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vallota</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers distinctly irregular. Perianth-segments 3-4 times as long as -the tube.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Umbels 2-4-flowered. Scape hollow. Perianth hairy within. Fruit -globose. (See 7.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippeastrum</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -Umbels many-flowered; spathe of 2 bracts. Scape solid.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa to Damaraland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammocharis</b> Herb.<br /> -<br /> -26. Ovules sunk in the placentas, usually few in each ovary-cell. Stigma very -small, capitate. Anthers linear. Scape solid.—Species 60. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Stenolirion</i> Bak.) (Plate 19.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crinum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules not sunk in the placentas, many in each ovary-cell. Stigma more -or less distinctly 3-lobed or 3-parted. Anthers oblong. Scape hollow.—Species<br /> -25. South and East Africa and Angola. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyrtanthus</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -27. (1.) Leaves fleshy, very long (1-2 m.), in a rosette at the base or the -top of the stem. Very tall plants. [Subfamily <b>AGAVOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Leaves not fleshy and not very long. Smaller plants. [Subfamily <b>HYPOXIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -28. Filaments longer than the perianth. Flowers in spikes or panicles, usually -greenish or yellow. Leaves at the top of a very short stem.—Species<br /> -2. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in North and South Africa -and some tropical islands. They yield fibre, fodder, drinks, medicaments, -and a substitute for soap, and are also used as hedge- or garden-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agave</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments shorter than the perianth.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Filaments strongly thickened at the base. Flowers in panicles, white.<br /> -Fruit ovoid. Leaves at the top of a short stem.—Species 1. Cultivated -and sometimes naturalised in North and South Africa and some tropical -islands. It yields fibre, and is used as a hedge- or garden-plant, also in -medicine. (<i>Furcraea</i> Vent.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fourcroya</b> Schult.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments slightly thickened at the base. Flowers in capitate spikes, -red. Fruit oblong or club-shaped. Leaves at the base of a long stem.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalised in the island of St. Helena. An ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Doryanthes</b> Correa<br /> -<br /> -30. Ovary inferior with many ovules in each cell. Perianth yellow, rarely -white or red. Leaves all radical, usually hairy like the peduncle. [Tribe<br /> -HYPOXIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior with 2 ovules in each cell or half-inferior or almost superior.<br /> -Perianth blue, red, or whitish. Leaves usually radical and cauline.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_19" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_019.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_019.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>AMARYLLIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 19.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Crinum abyssinicum Hochst.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_20" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_020.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_020.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>VELLOZIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 20.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Barbacenia aequatorialis Rendle</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Inflorescence. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_139">{139}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -31. Ovary beaked. Fruit a berry. Flowers solitary or in dense spikes or heads.—Species<br /> -6. Tropical and South Africa. They yield fibre and are -used medicinally and as ornamental plants; some have an edible root-stock.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Curculigo</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary not beaked. Fruit a capsule. Flowers solitary or in lax racemes -or umbels.—Species 60. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used -as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Ianthe</i> Salisb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypoxis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -32. Ovary almost inferior with 2 ovules in each cell. Anthers attached by the back, -bursting lengthwise. Perianth with a distinct tube. Fruit 1-seeded.<br /> -Flowers in panicles. Stem, leaves, and inflorescence woolly.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa (Cape Colony). [Tribe CONOSTYLIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lanaria</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary half-inferior or almost superior, with several or many ovules in -each cell. Anthers attached at the base or near it, bursting at or towards -the apex. Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary. Stem, leaves, -and inflorescence glabrous. [Tribe CONANTHEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Ovary half-inferior. Stamens more or less unequal. Flowers usually -without bracteoles, solitary and terminal or arranged in racemes or -panicles. Leaves, all or most of them, crowded at the base of the stem.—Species<br /> -7. South Africa to Damaraland. Some have edible root-stocks -or are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyanella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary almost superior. Stamens equal. Flowers blue, with bracteoles, -solitary or in pairs and axillary, or arranged in panicles. Leaves -scattered along the stem.—Species 5. Southern tropical Africa. Some -have edible root-stocks.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Walleria</b> Kirk<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_35">FAMILY 35.</a> VELLOZIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves linear. Flowers solitary, terminal, without bracteoles, regular, -hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments free or nearly so, petaloid, usually -white. Stamens 6. Anthers attached by the base. Ovary inferior, -3-celled. Placentas projecting and peltately dilated. Ovules numerous. -Style simple; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule. Seeds black, compressed. -Embryo very small, enclosed by the albumen. (Under <i>AMARYLLIDEAE</i>.) -(Plate 20.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1. Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (<i>Xerophyta</i> Juss., under<br /> -<i>Vellozia</i> Vand.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barbacenia</b> Vand.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_36">FAMILY 36.</a> TACCACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Leaves all radical, large, stalked, -twice pinnately divided. Flowers in an umbel-like inflorescence on a -leafless scape, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth greenish-brown, bell-or -urn-shaped, with a short tube. Stamens 6. Filaments hooded. Anthers -turned inwards. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with parietal placentas. -Ovules numerous, inverted. Style short, umbrella-shaped, 6-lobed. Fruit -a berry. Seeds compressed. Embryo small, enclosed by the albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Tropics. Used as ornamental plants and for plaiting-work; -the tubers yield starch (arrowroot) and are edible when cooked.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tacca</b> Forst.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_140">{140}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_37">FAMILY 37.</a> DIOSCOREACEAE</p> - -<p>Root-stock tuberous. Stem twining. Leaves alternate, net-veined, usually -cordate. Flowers in racemes, inconspicuous, regular, unisexual. Stamens -6. Ovary inferior, 3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, superposed, -inverted. Styles or style-branches 3. Embryo enclosed in a horny or -cartilaginous albumen.—Genera 2, species 45. (Plate 21.)</p> - -<p> -Fruit a berry. Seeds not winged.—Species 3. North Africa. The tubers -are eaten and used in medicine; the berries are poisonous. (<i>Tamnus</i><br /> -Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tamus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged.—Species 40. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some are cultivated for their edible tubers (yams) or used in medicine; -others are poisonous. (Including <i>Testudinaria</i> Salisb.) (Plate 21.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dioscorea</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER IRIDINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_38">FAMILY 38.</a> IRIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers hermaphrodite. -Perianth with 6 petaloid segments. Stamens 3, inserted opposite the -outer perianth-segments. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary inferior, -3-celled, rarely (<i>Hermodactylus</i>) 1-celled. Style-branches usually -divided or dilated. Ovules numerous, inverted. Fruit a loculicidal -capsule. Embryo enclosed by the horny albumen.—Genera 39, species 600. -(Plate 22.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers solitary, terminal, sometimes surrounded by several axillary -flowers, each flower with a spathe. Perianth regular; inner and outer -segments nearly equal. Leaves not exactly 2-ranked. Stem short -or almost wanting. [Subfamily <b>CROCOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in various inflorescences, rarely spathes solitary, but 2- or more-flowered -or (if 1-flowered) the outer perianth-segments very different from -the inner ones. Leaves 2-ranked, folded one above the other, rarely<br /> -(<i>Geosiris</i>) reduced to scales. Stem distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Stem underground, very short. Perianth-tube very long.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Stem partly above ground. Perianth-tube short or moderately long.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Style-branches undivided, stigmatose inside. Perianth red or violet, -rarely white with red streaks.—Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syringodea</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches many-lobed or many-parted, stigmatose at the top.—Species<br /> -3; one of them only cultivated. North-West Africa. Used -as ornamental plants; the tubers are edible. The cultivated species<br /> -(<i>C. sativus</i> L.) yields the saffron, which is used as a condiment and for -dyeing.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crocus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Leaves crowded at the top of the very short stem. Perianth with a rather -long tube, yellow or violet. Filaments united into a tube. Style-branches -dilated above, petal-like.—Species 3. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony). Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galaxia</b> Thunb.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_21" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_021.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_021.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>DIOSCOREACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 21.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower from above. <i>C</i> Male flower cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Group of fruits.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_22" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_022.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_022.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>IRIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 22.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Lapeyrousia Fabricii Ker</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Ovary cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_141">{141}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Leaves scattered along the stem or crowded at its base. Filaments free, -rarely united, but then perianth with a very short tube. Style-branches -not petal-like.—Species 50. South and North Africa and mountains of<br /> -Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (<i>Trichonema</i><br /> -Ker).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Romulea</b> Maratti<br /> -<br /> -5. (1.) Spathes 1-flowered, in spikes. Style-branches well developed, generally -alternate with the anthers, thread-shaped or thickened at the top, -more rarely dilated and almost petal-like, but undivided. Flower -usually more or less irregular. Stem leafy. [Subfamily <b>IXIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Spathes 2- or more-flowered, rarely 1-flowered, but then style-branches -either reduced to short teeth, or opposite the anthers, petal-like, and<br /> -2-lobed. Flowers regular, but the inner perianth-segments often very -different from the outer ones. [Subfamily <b>IRIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -6. Style-branches 2-parted. [Tribe WATSONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers small. Perianth with a short tube, red or blue. Ovules 2 in -each ovary-cell.—Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Micranthus</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers large or rather large. Perianth with a long or rather long tube.<br /> -Ovules many in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Perianth-tube straight or nearly so. Filaments short, inserted at the -throat of the perianth.—Species 40. South and Central Africa. Some -have edible tubers or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 22.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lapeyrousia</b> Pourr.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-tube curved. Filaments long, inserted below the throat of the -perianth.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Spathes short, scarious. Perianth yellowish, with unequal segments.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Freesia</b> Klatt<br /> -<br /> -Spathes rather long, rigid. Perianth red or white, with almost equal segments.—Species<br /> -15. South Africa, Madagascar, and Mascarenes. Some -are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Watsonia</b> Mill.<br /> -<br /> -10. (6.) Flowers distinctly irregular. [Tribe GLADIOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or almost so. Filaments and style straight. [Tribe<br /> -IXIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -11. Perianth curved.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Perianth straight.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Perianth-tube longer than the limb, filiform below, cylindrical above.<br /> -Stamens inserted in the basal part of the tube. Spathes small.—Species<br /> -20. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Anisanthus</i> Sweet).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antholyza</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-tube as long as or shorter than the limb, funnel-shaped.—Species<br /> -120. Some of them have edible bulbs, others are used in medicine<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_142">{142}</a></span>or as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gladiolus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -13. Leaves folded, usually hairy. Perianth with a long tube.—Species 30.<br /> -South Africa and Island of Socotra. Several species have edible bulbs -or are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Babiana</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -Leaves flat, glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Perianth-segments almost free, thinly acuminate, yellowish-green. Ovules<br /> -2-3 in each ovary-cell. Inflorescence paniculate.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melasphaerula</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments evidently united below, obtuse or shortly mucronate.<br /> -Ovules usually numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped (distinctly widened above). Style-branches -filiform. Spathe-bracts lacerated.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-tube more or less cylindrical (slightly or not widened above).<br /> -Style-branches usually dilated. Spathe-bracts entire or toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -16. Perianth 2-lipped, with a long or rather long tube, yellow or violet. Style-branches -short.—Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synnotia</b> Sweet<br /> -<br /> -Perianth regular, with a short or rather short tube, yellow, red or variegated.<br /> -Style-branches long.—Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used -as ornamental plants. The bulbs are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sparaxis</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -17. Spathe-bracts long, green, entire. Inflorescence spicate. Perianth nearly -always with a long tube.—Species 20. South and Central Africa. Used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acidanthera</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Spathe-bracts short, brown, toothed at the top. Inflorescence spicate -or paniculate. Perianth with a short or rather short tube.—Species<br /> -35. South and Central Africa. Many of them are used as ornamental -plants; some yield edible bulbs or a substitute for saffron. (Including<br /> -<i>Crocosmia</i> Planch., <i>Montbretia</i> DC., and <i>Tritonixia</i> Klatt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tritonia</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -18. (10.) Style-branches club-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches linear or subulate.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Stigmas notched. Flowers white or yellow. Spathe-bracts lacerated.<br /> -Leaves short.—Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Streptanthera</b> Sweet<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas entire. Flowers white or red. Spathe-bracts entire. Leaves -long.—Species 2. South and East Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dierama</b> C. Koch<br /> -<br /> -20. Style-branches linear, slightly dilated, short. Outer spathe-bract brown.—Species<br /> -20. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Morphixia</i> Ker).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ixia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches subulate. Spathe-bracts green or brown at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Style long, with short branches.—Species 35. South Africa, southern<br /> -Central Africa, and Madagascar. Some are used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geissorrhiza</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_143">{143}</a></span>Style short, with long branches.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Underground part of the stem a root-stock. Perianth red. Filaments as -long as or longer than the anthers.—Species 2. South Africa. Used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizostylis</b> Backh. & Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Underground part of the stem a corm. Filaments short.—Species 35.<br /> -South Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hesperantha</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -23. (5.) Style-branches undivided, very short or thread-shaped or somewhat -broadened at the top, but not petal-like, nearly always alternate with the -stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches more or less divided or petal-like, opposite the stamens.<br /> -Perianth with a short tube or without a tube. Fruit not enclosed by the -spathe.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -24. Perianth with a distinct tube. Filaments free. Style-branches very -short. Fruit, wholly or for the greater part, enclosed by the spathe.<br /> -[Tribe ARISTEAE, Subtribe <small>ARISTINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Perianth divided nearly or quite to the ovary. Style-branches usually -long. Fruit not enclosed by the spathe. [Tribe SISYRINCHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -25. Perianth-segments very unequal, the inner much larger than the outer, -blueish, the outer black; tube short. Spathes 2-3-flowered, solitary -or in corymbs.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleanthe</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments almost equal.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Stem and leaves without green colour. Leaves short, scale-like. Flowers -in umbel-like cymes. Perianth white, with a short tube.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geosiris</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stem and leaves green. Leaves long, linear or sword-shaped. Perianth -blue, rarely yellowish or whitish.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Spathes 3- or more-flowered, solitary or in spikes, racemes or corymbs.<br /> -Herbs. Perianth with a short tube.—Species 30. Southern and tropical<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aristea</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Spathes 1-2-flowered. Undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Perianth with a short tube and clawed segments, blue. Filaments long.<br /> -Spathes in heads.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Klattia</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a long tube. Filaments short.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Perianth blue, glabrous, with a cylindrical tube. Filaments awl-shaped.<br /> -Anthers small. Spathes solitary or in corymbs.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony). Used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Aristea</i> Ait.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nivenia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth greenish-yellow, hairy outside, with a funnel-shaped tube. Filaments -flat. Anthers large. Spathes surrounded by empty bracts and -arranged in heads.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used as<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_144">{144}</a></span>an ornamental plant; the stem contains sugar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Witsenia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -30. Filaments united into a tube. Perianth blue.—Species 1. Naturalised in -the Mascarene Islands. An ornamental plant. [Subtribe <small>SISYRICHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sisyrinchium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or nearly so. Perianth yellow or red. [Subtribe <small>LIBERTINAE</small>].<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Stem leafy. Spathes in lax corymbs. Perianth orange-coloured. Style -filiform, with club-shaped, erect or spreading stigmas.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalised in the Mascarene Islands. An ornamental and medicinal -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Belamcanda</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Stem leafless. Spathes solitary or in heads. Perianth pale yellow. Style -very short, with thread-shaped, recurved stigmas.—Species 6. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bobartia</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -32. (23.) Stigmas at the tip of the style-branches. Inner and outer perianth-segments -almost equal. Filaments united. Underground part of the -stem a bulb. [Tribe TIGRIDIEAE, subtribe <small>CIPURINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas on the underside of the dilated style-branches. Inner and outer -perianth-segments unequal. [Tribe MORAEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -33. Style-branches simple or one of them forked.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches divided. Perianth-segments usually crisped.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -34. Perianth white, divided to the ovary.—Species 1. South-east Africa<br /> -(Natal).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Keitia</b> Regel<br /> -<br /> -Perianth yellow or brownish-red, with a short tube.—Species 12. South<br /> -Africa; one species also naturalised in St. Helena. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Homeria</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -35. Perianth yellow, divided to the ovary, twisting up in fading. Style-branches -cylindrical, glabrous.—Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hexaglottis</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth greenish brownish or red, with a short tube. Style-branches -dilated, fringed on the margin.—Species 8. South Africa and southern<br /> -West Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ferraria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -36. Style-branches broadened, but not petal-like. Perianth blue; segments -free, the inner with the edges rolled inwards and the tip recurved. Filaments -free. Scape flattened.—Species 1. Angola and islands of -equatorial West Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>MARICINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marica</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches winged, petal-like. [Subtribe <small>IRIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Perianth-segments free, not bearded. Filaments usually united.—Species<br /> -60. Southern and tropical Africa. Several species have edible root-stocks, -others are poisonous, many are used as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Dietes</i> Salisb. and <i>Vieusseuxia</i> Delaroche).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moraea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments united at the base. Filaments free.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Ovary 1-celled with parietal placentas. Inner perianth-segments linear,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_145">{145}</a></span>acuminate.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hermodactylus</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled, with axile placentas.—Species 15. North Africa. Many -of them are used as ornamental plants, some are poisonous; the root-stock -of several species (orris-root) is edible and yields tanning materials, -perfumes, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iris</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER SCITAMINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_39">FAMILY 39.</a> MUSACEAE</p> - -<p>Tall herbaceous plants. Leaves with a large, oblong or ovate, -penni-nerved blade. Flowers subtended by large bracts and arranged in -usually spicate rows or cymes, irregular. Perianth corolla-like. Fertile -stamens 5, rarely 6. Filaments free. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary inferior, -3-celled. Style free from the stamens, 3-6-lobed. Seeds with a straight -embryo and mealy albumen.—Genera 4, species 25. (Under <i>SCITAMINEAE</i>.) -(Plate 23.)</p> - -<p> -1. Leaves spirally arranged. Partial inflorescences consisting of 1-2 rows of -flowers. Flowers monoecious or polygamous. Sepals and two of the -petals united below. Fruit berry-like. Seeds without an aril.—Species<br /> -15, growing wild in the tropics, besides 4 (especially <i>M. paradisiaca</i> L.) -which are cultivated in various regions. They yield fibre (Manila hemp), -tanning and dyeing materials, vegetables, and edible fruits (bananas and -plantains), from which also starch, sugar, vinegar, and alcoholic liquor -are made. Some species are used as ornamental plants. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>MUSOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Musa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves 2-ranked. Partial inflorescences cymose. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Sepals free or the lateral ones united with the petals. Fruit capsular.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>STRELITZIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Odd sepal posterior. Petals united at the base. Ovules solitary in each -ovary-cell. Fruit opening septicidally. Seeds without an aril.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalised on the Canary Islands. An ornamental plant; -the root-stock is edible. [Tribe HELICONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heliconia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Odd sepal anterior. Petals free, at least one of them. Ovules many -in each ovary-cell. Fruit opening loculicidally. Seeds with an aril.<br /> -[Tribe STRELITZIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Petals very unequal, the two lateral ones elongated, connate on one side, -provided with a wing-like appendage on the other, the third petal very -short. Stamens 5. Aril yellow. Inflorescence few-flowered. Stem -moderately tall.—Species 4. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. (Plate 23.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strelitzia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals subequal, free, without an appendage. Stamens 6. Aril blue.<br /> -Inflorescence many-flowered. Stem very tall. Species 1 (<i>R. madagascariensis</i><br /> -Sonn., traveller’s tree). Madagascar and Mascarene Islands.<br /> -The leaves are used in house-building; their sheaths retain much water; -the sap also furnishes a drink. The seeds are edible and yield a fat.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ravenala</b> Adans.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_146">{146}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_40">FAMILY 40.</a> ZINGIBERACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Stem simple, springing from a root-stock. Leaves stalked or -provided with a sheath, oblong or lanceolate. Flowers in spikes racemes -heads or panicles, more or less irregular, hermaphrodite, very rarely -dioecious. Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla. Sepals united -below. Petals subequal, united below. Fertile stamen 1. Anther 2-celled, -opening by longitudinal slits. Staminodes 1-3, petal-like, at least one -of them (the lip). Ovary inferior, more or less completely 3-celled. -Ovules numerous. Style enclosed in a groove of the filament. Stigma -funnel-shaped. Fruit a capsule or a berry. Seed with a straight embryo -and mealy albumen.—Genera 11, species 120. Tropical and South-east -Africa. (Under <i>SCITAMINEAE</i>.) (Plate 24.)</p> - -<p> -1. Leaves spirally arranged; sheath at first closed, articulated with the -petiole. Filaments petal-like. Lateral staminodes wanting. Epigynous -glands none. Stem and leaves not aromatic.—Species 35. Central<br /> -Africa. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants and -in the preparation of rubber. (Including <i>Cadalvena</i> Fenzl). [Subfamily<br /> -<b>COSTOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Costus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves two-ranked; sheath split open, not articulated with the petiole.<br /> -Epigynous glands present, often style-like. Stem and leaves aromatic.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>ZINGIBEROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Lateral staminodes petal-like, but sometimes adnate to the lip, which then -appears 3-lobed. [Tribe HEDYCHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Lateral staminodes linear, tooth-like, or wanting; in the latter case lip -not distinctly 3-lobed. [Tribe ZINGIBEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Connective spurred. Lateral staminodes adnate below to the filament -of the fertile stamen.—Species 1 (<i>C. longa</i> L.). Cultivated and -sometimes naturalised in the tropics. The root-stock yields starch, -condiments, medicaments, perfumes, and dyeing-materials (turmeric); -the leaves are used for plaiting-work.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Curcuma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective not spurred. Lateral staminodes free from the filament of the -fertile stamen.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Connective with a crest-like appendage. Filament short. Lateral staminodes -broad.—Species 15. Central and South-east Africa. Some are -used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kaempfera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Filament long. Lateral staminodes -narrow. Inflorescence terminating the leafy stem.—Species 3, two of -them natives of Madagascar, the third naturalised in the tropics. Ornamental -plants; the tubers yield condiments, perfumes, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hedychium</b> Koen.<br /> -<br /> -5. Connective with a distinct appendage. Flowering stem separated from the -leafy stem.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Connective without a distinct appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_23" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_023.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_023.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MUSACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 23.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Strelitzia Reginae Banks ex Ait.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamens and inner -petals.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_24" style="width: 321px;"> -<a href="images/plt_024.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_024.jpg" width="321" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ZINGIBERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 24.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Aframomum Laurentii (De Wild. & Dur.) K. Schum.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Lower part -of the flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_147">{147}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -6. Connective with a grooved beak. Lip 3-lobed.—Species 2. Cultivated -and sometimes naturalised in the tropics. The root-stock is used as a -condiment, especially for the preparation of liquors, and in medicine.<br /> -“Ginger.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zingiber</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective with an oblong or 3-lobed, not grooved appendage. Lip not -distinctly 3-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Connective with an entire, oblong appendage. Filament adnate to the -base of the lip. Inflorescence lax.—Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons) -and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aulotandra</b> Gagnepain<br /> -<br /> -Connective with a 3-lobed appendage. Filament free from the lip. Inflorescence -dense.—Species 50. Tropics. The fruits (grains of paradise) -of several species (especially <i>A. melegueta</i> Roscoe) are used as a condiment -and for the preparation of perfumes and medicaments; others serve -as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Amomum</i> L.) (Plate 24.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aframomum</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -8. Filament long. Lip not distinctly clawed. Inflorescence terminating -the leafy stem.—Species 3. Naturalised in the tropical regions. Ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alpinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filament short. Lip clawed.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Lip entire, rhomboidical, adnate to the filament at the base. Epigynous -glands lobed. Flowering stem separated from the leafy stem. Inflorescence -very dense, almost head-like, surrounded by a coloured -involucre.—Species 1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used -as an ornamental plant, the fruit as a condiment. (<i>Nicolaia</i> Horan., -under <i>Amomum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaeomeria</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lip more or less distinctly 3-lobed, free from the filament.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an aril. Corolla-tube slightly exceeding -the calyx. Stigma small. Inflorescence springing from the base of -the leafy stem, lax, paniculate.—Species 1 (<i>E. Cardamomum</i> White -et Maton). Cultivated in the tropics and naturalised in the Mascarene<br /> -Islands. The fruits (cardamoms) are used as a condiment and for -the preparation of perfumes and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elettaria</b> Maton<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscent. Seeds with an aril. Calyx closed in bud. Inflorescence -usually terminal.—Species 15. Central Africa. (<i>Ethanium</i> Salisb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Renealmia</b> L. f.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_41">FAMILY 41.</a> CANNACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves large, penninerved. Inflorescence spicate or formed of -cymes. Flowers irregular and asymmetrical, hermaphrodite. Sepals free. -Petals united below. Fertile stamen single, 1-celled, the barren half -leaf-like. Staminodes leaf-like. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with numerous -inverted ovules. Style and stigma simple. Fruit capsular. Seeds -albuminous; embryo straight. (Under <i>SCITAMINEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 5. Cultivated and sometimes naturalised in various regions.<br /> -They yield starch, vegetables, medicaments, and dyeing materials, and -are also used as ornamental plants. “Indian shot.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Canna</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_148">{148}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_42">FAMILY 42.</a> MARANTACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves stalked, with a swelling in the upper part -of the stalk, penninerved. Inflorescence spicate, capitate, or -paniculate. Flowers irregular and asymmetrical, hermaphrodite. Sepals -free. Petals united below. Fertile stamen single, 1-celled. Staminodes -2-4, petal-like. Ovary inferior, 1-or 3-celled. Ovules solitary in each -cell, inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or lobed. Seeds with a mealy -albumen and a curved embryo.—Genera 12, species 60. Tropics. (Under -<i>SCITAMINEAE</i>.) (Plate 25.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary 1-celled. [Tribe MARANTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled, but the ovules of 2 cells sometimes abortive. [Tribe<br /> -PHRYNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Corolla-tube very short. Staminodes 3, one of them with two filiform -appendages. Fruit indehiscent. Bracts enclosing one pair of flowers -each.—Species 7. Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thalia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long. Staminodes 4. Fruit dehiscent. Bracts enclosing<br /> -3 pairs of flowers each.—Species 1 (<i>M. arundinacea</i> L.) Cultivated -and sometimes naturalised in the tropics. The root-stock contains -starch (arrow-root).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maranta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Staminodes 2. Fruit winged. Inflorescence spike-like, springing from -the root-stock. Bracts enclosing one pair of flowers each.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. The fruits are edible and contain sugar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thaumatococcus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes 4, rarely 3.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Bracts approximated in one row, enclosing two pairs of flowers each. Ovary -with 1 fertile and 2 sterile cells.—Species 1. Madagascar. (Under<br /> -<i>Myrosma</i> Benth. or <i>Phrynium</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ctenophrynium</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Bracts in two opposite rows.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Flower-pairs with small, thickened, almost gland-like scales inserted above -the bracts and the 2-keeled bracteoles which usually accompany the -bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Flower-pairs without gland-like scales above the bracts and bracteoles.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary and fruit smooth, the latter fleshy. Leaves having the larger half -all on the same side. Herbs with a simple stem. Inflorescence panicle-, -very rarely spike-like.—Species 13. West Africa. Some have edible -fruits. (Under <i>Phrynium</i> Willd. or <i>Phyllodes</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcophrynium</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit covered with pointed protuberances, the latter dry. Leaves -having the larger half some on the right, some on the left side. Undershrubs -or climbing herbs with a branched stem. Inflorescence spike-like.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit dehiscent, covered with small protuberances. Seeds with an aril.<br /> -Flower-pairs without a bracteole.—Species 1. West Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Trachyphrynium</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hybophrynium</b> K. Schum.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_25" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_025.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_025.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MARANTACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 25.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Clinogyne arillata K. Schum.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_26" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_026.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_026.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ORCHIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 26.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Listrostachys vesicata Reichb. fil.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower in longitudinal section (the -spur cut off near the base).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_149">{149}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent, covered with large protuberances. Seeds without an -aril. Flower-pairs with a bracteole.—Species 6. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trachyphrynium</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -8. Inflorescence springing from the root-stock and separated from the 1-leafed -stem, spike-like. Inner staminodes, at least one of them, equalling -the outer.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (Under <i>Calathea</i><br /> -Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afrocalathea</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence terminating the leafy, sometimes very short stem or its -branches.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Inner staminodes larger than the outer, the hooded one without a strap-shaped -appendage. Bracts enclosing 2-4 sessile pairs of flowers each.<br /> -Inflorescence head-like. Stem branched.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ataenidia</b> Gagnepain<br /> -<br /> -Inner staminodes smaller than the outer.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Sepals very unequal. Fruit dry, indehiscent, with adnate seeds. Inflorescence -consisting of 2-3 spikes. Bracts enclosing one pair of -flowers each, persistent.—Species 1. Equatorial Africa. Used in the -preparation of salt. (Under <i>Clinogyne</i> Benth. or <i>Donax</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halopegia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals subequal. Bracts usually enclosing 2-4 pairs of flowers each.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Inflorescence head-like. Bracts persistent.—Species 2. West Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Calathea</i> Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phrynium</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence raceme- or panicle-like. Bracts deciduous.—Species 25.<br /> -West Africa, Upper Nile, and Island of Réunion. Some species yield -starch or fibre. (<i>Donax</i> Lour., including <i>Marantochloa</i> Griseb.) (Plate<br /> -25.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clinogyne</b> Salisb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER MICROSPERMAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BURMANNIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_43">FAMILY 43.</a> BURMANNIACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves narrow or scale-like. Flowers solitary or in cymose, -usually spike-like inflorescences, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite -or polygamous. Perianth-segments 3 or 6, petaloid, united below. Stamens -3, opposite the inner perianth-segments, or 6. Ovary inferior, 1-or -3-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Style 3-or 6-cleft. Fruit dry, -dehiscing by slits or irregularly. Seeds albuminous; testa -loose.—Genera 4, species 15. Tropical and South Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Anthers erect, opening transversely, 3. Style long, with 3 stigmas. [Tribe<br /> -BURMANNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Anthers recurved, opening lengthwise. Style short. [Tribe THISMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 1-celled.—Species 3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnosiphon</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_150">{150}</a></span>Ovary 3-celled.—Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. <b>Burmannia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Corolla regular. Stamens 3; connective without an appendage. Stigma<br /> -3-parted.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oxygyne</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla irregular. Stamens 6; connective with an appendage. Stigma<br /> -6-toothed.—Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under <i>Thismia</i><br /> -Griff.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afrothismia</b> (Engl.) Schlecht.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER GYNANDRAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_44">FAMILY 44.</a> ORCHIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves with longitudinal nerves. Inflorescence of the racemose type. -Flowers irregular. Perianth more or less corolla-like or distinguished -into calyx and corolla, one of the petals or segments (the lip) -distinctly differing from the others. Receptacle usually continued -beyond the ovary and forming the column upon which the stigma and the -anther are inserted. Fertile stamen 1, belonging to the outer whorl. -Staminodes sometimes present. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with numerous -parietal ovules. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3, one of them rudimentary or -transformed into the rostellum, to which the pollen-masses adhere. Seeds -very small, exalbuminous; embryo imperfectly developed.—Genera 96, -species 1600. (Plate 26.)</p> - -<p> -1. Pollen-masses with basal, stalk-like appendages, which adhere to the -sticky, gland-like appendages of the rostellum. Root thickened into -tubers. [Tribe OPHRYDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses with apical appendages or without appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -2. Anther reflected, forming an angle with the column. Lip with 2 spurs or -without a spur, but sometimes saccate or bearing appendages on the -back.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Anther erect, having the same direction as the column, rarely slightly -reflected, but then lip with one spur.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -3. Lip partly adnate to the column, usually bearing on its upper face a large -appendage. Petals broad, converging and usually cohering with the -middle sepal into a hood. [Subtribe <small>CORYCIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Lip free from the column, inserted at its base, rarely shortly adnate to it, -but then petals not distinctly converging into a hood. [Subtribe <small>SATYRIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -4. Lateral sepals united nearly to the apex.—Species 10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corycium</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Lateral sepals free.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Lateral sepals spurred or saccate.—Species 30. Southern and tropical<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Disperis</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Lateral sepals flat.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Column short. Lip broad at the base. Connective dilated.—Species<br /> -15. South Africa. (Including <i>Ommatodium</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterygodium</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Column long. Lip clawed. Connective not dilated.—Species 8. South<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_151">{151}</a></span>Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratandra</b> Eckl.<br /> -<br /> -7. Lip posticous (uppermost), produced behind into a pair of descending -spurs or sacs.—Species 90. Tropical and South Africa. Some are -used in medicine. (Including <i>Aviceps</i> Lindl. and <i>Satyridium</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Satyrium</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Lip usually anticous, not spurred, but sometimes with a sac-like cavity.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Odd sepal spurred or gibbous.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Odd sepal neither spurred nor gibbous.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -9. Lip more or less saccate at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Lip flat.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -10. Lip very small, adnate to the column. Stem rather rigid. Leaves in -the middle of the stem.—Species 9. South Africa and mountains of -the tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brownleea</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Lip rather large, free from the column. Stem very flexible. Leaves -at the base of the stem.—Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colony).<br /> -(Under <i>Disa</i> Berg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizodium</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -11. Rostellum with 2 distinct glands, to which the pollen-masses are attached; -side-lobes exceeding the middle-lobe.—Species 110. Southern and -tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Penthea</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Disa</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -Rostellum with one gland; sides-lobes, if present, not exceeding the -middle-lobe.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Stigma 2-parted. Rostellum with 3 narrow, subequal lobes.—Species<br /> -10. South Africa to Nyasaland. (Under <i>Disa</i> Berg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Herschelia</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma entire. Rostellum more or less hood-shaped, large.—Species<br /> -15. South Africa. (Under <i>Disa</i> Berg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monadenia</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -13. Petals much narrower than the odd sepal, kneed. Lip kidney-shaped.<br /> -Stigma not extended in two branches.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony). (Under <i>Disa</i> Berg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Forficaria</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals and sepals subequal. Stigma with 2 erect, linear branches.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachites</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -14. (2.) Stigma extended into two, usually elongated processes. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>HABENARIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Stigma not extended into processes, rather flat. Column very short.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -15. Stigmatic processes short, adnate to the lip. Rostellum small, not prolonged -into anther-channels. Column very short.—Species 10. Tropics.<br /> -(Under <i>Habenaria</i> L. or <i>Platanthera</i> Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peristylus</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic processes free<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Column long, curved. Rostellum not prolonged into anther-channels.<br /> -Perianth subglobose.— Species 1. Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrostylia</b> Frapp.<br /> -<br /> -Column short<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Rostellum or stigmatic processes 2-cleft. Base of the anther not enclosed -by a channel, but prolonged into solid processes.—Species 7. Central<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_152">{152}</a></span>Africa. (Under <b>Habenaria</b> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roeperocharis</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Rostellum and stigmatic processes entire, the former prolonged at the -base into two lateral anther-channels.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Anther reflected. Stigma broad.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Anther erect. Stigma more or less slender.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Middle-lobe of the rostellum exceeding the side-lobes. Lip linear, entire, -with a long spur. Petals broad.—Species 1. Southern West Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Habenaria</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barlaea</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Middle-lobe of the rostellum equalling the side-lobes. Lip oblong or -broader, usually lobed.—Species 40. Tropical and South-east Africa.<br /> -(<i>Cynosorchis</i> Thouars, including <i>Amphorchis</i> Thouars, <i>Hemiperis</i> Frapp., -and <i>Camilleugenia</i> Frapp.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynorchis</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -20. Stigmatic processes diverging at a right angle. Spur short.—Species 1.<br /> -North-west Africa. (<i>Tinea</i> Biv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neotinea</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic processes nearly parallel.—Species 210. (Including <i>Bonatea</i><br /> -Willd., <i>Platycoryne</i> Reichb., and <i>Podandria</i> Rolfe).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Habenaria</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -21. (14.) Glands of the rostellum enclosed in 1-2 pouches proceeding from -the rostellum and persisting when the glands are removed. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>SERAPIADINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -Glands of the rostellum enclosed by the processes of the anther or naked, -rarely covered by a thin pellicle proceeding from the rostellum and carried -away with the glands upon removal. [Subtribe <small>GYMNADENIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -22. Glands enclosed in 2 separate pouches. Lip not spurred, usually convex, -gibbous and hairy.—Species 10. North Africa. The tubers yield -medicaments (salep) and mucilage.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ophrys</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Glands enclosed in a common pouch.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Glands 2, free. Lip spurred.—Species 20. North Africa. The tubers -yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orchis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Glands united into one.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Connective distinctly elongated. Rostellum laterally compressed. Lip -not spurred; middle-lobe entire.—Species 4. North-west Africa.<br /> -They yield medicaments and mucilage.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Serapias</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective not or scarcely elongated. Rostellum conical at the apex.<br /> -Lip spurred, rarely without a spur, but then with a 2-cleft middle-lobe.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Lip with a long spur and two protuberances at the base, equally 3-lobed, -flat in the bud.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). It yields -medicaments and mucilage. (Under <i>Orchis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anacamptis</b> Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Lip with a short spur or without a spur, with unequal lobes, bent inwards -or rolled up in the bud.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Middle-lobe of the lip very long, strap-shaped, spirally coiled in the bud.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Under <i>Aceras</i> R. Br. or<br /> -<i>Orchis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Himantoglossum</b> Spreng.<br /> -<br /> -Middle-lobe of the lip moderately long, 2-cleft, bent over the anther in the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_153">{153}</a></span>bud.—Species 2. North Africa. (Including <i>Barlia</i> Parl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aceras</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -27. (21.) Glands of the rostellum transversely connate. Rostellum narrow.<br /> -Stigmatic surface small. Basal appendages of the pollen-masses short.<br /> -Column short. Lip with a short spur.—Species 40. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Bucculina</i> Lindl., <i>Deroemeria</i> Reichb. fil., <i>Monotris</i><br /> -Lindl., <i>Saccidium</i> Lindl., <i>Scopularia</i> Lindl., and <i>Tryphia</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holothrix</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Glands of the rostellum free.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Glands large, surrounded by a thin membrane, which proceeds from the -rostellum and is removed together with the glands. Lip with a very -short spur. Flowers very small.—Species 1. Island of Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Herminium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Glands naked, rarely enclosed by processes of the anther, but then small.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Petals clawed; blade deeply concave, fringed. Lip fringed, not spurred.—Species<br /> -4. South Africa. (Including <i>Hallackia</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Huttonaea</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals not clawed, flat or slightly concave.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Rostellum forming a narrow fold between the anther-cells.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Rostellum broad, triangular, placed below the anther-cells.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -31. Column short. Stigmatic surfaces convex. Lip shortly or not spurred.<br /> -Flowers yellow or white.—Species 5. South Africa and southern East<br /> -Africa. (<i>Schizochilus</i> Sond.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnadenia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Column long. Stigmatic surfaces concave.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Petals partly adnate to the column. Lip not spurred. Sepals and petals -subequal.—Species 1. South Africa. (Under <i>Brachycorythis</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neobolusia</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Petals inserted below the column.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Schwartzkopffia</i> Kraenzl., under <i>Platanthera</i> Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachycorythis</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -33. Lip with a spur.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Lip without a spur.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -34. Lip 3-lobed, the side-lobes inflexed, covering the mouth of the spur.—Species<br /> -3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bicornella</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lip 3-lobed, with erect or spreading side-lobes, or undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Lip fringed. Anther-cells approximate and parallel.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bartholina</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Lip entire or crenate. Anther-cells divergent.—Species 20. The tubers -yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage. (Including <i>Gennaria</i> Parl., -under <i>Habenaria</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platanthera</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -36. Lip 3-lobed. Column with 2 basal staminodes. Basal appendages of the -pollen-masses very short.—Species 3. South Africa and southern East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenoglottis</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lip undivided. Column without distinct staminodes.—Species 2. Madagascar -and Mascarenes. <i>Arnottia</i> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -37. (1.) Pollen-masses soft, granular. Anthers usually persistent and withering.<br /> -Inflorescence terminal. Leaves rolled up in the bud, with overlapping<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_154">{154}</a></span>edges. Usually terrestrial herbs. [Tribe NEOTTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -Pollen-masses firm, waxy. Anthers usually deciduous. Inflorescence -lateral, more rarely terminal, but then leaves folded lengthwise in the -bud.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -38. Anther erect and greatly exceeding the rostellum, or inclined and incumbent -upon the rostellum. Pollen-masses granular or powdery. Rostellum -not distinctly notched after the removal of the pollen-masses, or -not distinctly cohering with them.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -Anther about equalling the rostellum, erect, rarely incumbent, but then -pollen-masses divided into a number of large angular sections. Rostellum -usually distinctly notched after the removal of the pollen-masses.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -39. Lip distinctly articulated into 2-3 portions placed one behind the other.<br /> -Anther erect. [Subtribe <small>CEPHALANTHERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -Lip not distinctly articulated, embracing the column. Anther more or -less incumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -40. Lip produced into a spur. Leaves replaced by scales. Plants of a violet -colour.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limodorum</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Lip not distinctly spurred. Leaves perfectly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Lip saccate at the base; the terminal portion oblong and enclosed by the -connivent sepals.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalanthera</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Lip concave, but not saccate at the base; the terminal portion broad and -projecting between the spreading sepals.—Species 4. North-west<br /> -Africa and northern East Africa. (<i>Helleborine</i> Hill).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epipactis</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -42. Sepals and petals united below. Leafless herbs. [Subtribe <small>GASTRODIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals free.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -43. Sepals and petals united high up, very unequal. Lip ovate, with 2 gibbosities -at the base. Column short. Anther incumbent. Root-stock -branched. Flowers large, in few-flowered spikes.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gastrodia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals united at the base only, subequal. Lip spatulate, -not gibbous. Column long. Anther suberect. Rootstock tuberous, -spindle-shaped. Flowers very small, in many-flowered racemes.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Auxopus</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -44. Stem climbing. Seed-coat crusty or winged. [Subtribe <small>VANILLINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect. Seed-coat membranous, not winged. [Subtribe <small>POGONIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -45. Lip adnate to the column. Fruit fleshy. Seeds not winged. Usually -leafy plants.—Species 15. Tropics. Two of the species (especially<br /> -<i>V. planifolia</i> Andr.) are cultivated for their fruits, which are used as -condiments and for the preparation of perfumes. Some species are -used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vanilla</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Lip not adnate to the column. Fruit dry. Seeds winged. Leafless<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_155">{155}</a></span>plants.—Species 1. Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galeola</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -46. Lip spurred or saccate. Column short. Leaves wanting.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons). (Under <i>Epipogon</i> Gmel.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galera</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Lip neither spurred nor saccate. Column long. Leaves stalked, usually -separated from the flowering stem.—Species 10. Tropics to Transvaal.<br /> -(Including <i>Apostellis</i> Thouars, under <i>Pogonia</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nervilia</b> Gaud.<br /> -<br /> -47. (38.) Pollen-masses divided into a moderate number of rather large, angular -segments. Leaves not folded lengthwise. [Subtribe <small>PHYSURINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses not divided into several large segments.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -48. Pollen-masses connected with the glands of the rostellum by a strap-shaped -stalk detached from the tissue of the rostellum.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses or their appendages adhering directly to the glands of the -rostellum.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -49. Column with 2 narrow, erect arms. Sepals usually united to the middle.<br /> -Lip with two protuberances at the base and with a two-lobed blade.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cheirostylis</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Column without erect arms, but sometimes auricled. Sepals free.—Species<br /> -9. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including <i>Monochilus</i><br /> -Blume).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zeuxine</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -50. Lip similar to the other petals, oblong, slightly concave. Stigmas free, -erect, one on each side of the rather long rostellum.—Species 2. Madagascar -and Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnochilus</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Lip distinctly differing from the other petals.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Column long. Sepals connivent into a tube at the base. Lip with an -oblong blade.—Species 6. Comoro Islands, Seychelles, Natal, West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platylepis</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Column short.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -52. Stigma with a papillose protuberance on each side. Lip tubercled at the -base, with a distinctly limited broad blade.—Species 3. Mascarenes,<br /> -Seychelles, Comoro Islands, and Cameroons.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hetaeria</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Stigma simple. Lip not tubercled, but sometimes hairy at the base; blade -not distinctly separated, undivided, bent back at the tip.—Species 3.<br /> -Mascarene Islands and Madeira. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Goodyera</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -53. (47.) Leaves firm, folded lengthwise. Flowers in panicles. Lip narrow -below, broadened above. Pollen-masses affixed to a slender stalk -arising from the rostellum; gland peltate.—Species 2. Tropics. (<i>Corymbis</i><br /> -Lindl.) [Subtribe <small>TROPIDIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corymborchis</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Leaves soft, not folded, sometimes scale-like. Flowers in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -54. Sepals and petals united into a long tube. Lip uppermost, with 2 lateral -appendages. Column elongated, two-winged.—Species 1. West Africa.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>CRANICHIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manniella</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals free or almost so, suberect. Lip below. Inflorescence<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_156">{156}</a></span>one-sided.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). [Subtribe <small>SPIRANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spiranthes</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -55. (37.) Inflorescence terminal. Leaves folded lengthwise before expansion.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -56. Pollen-masses 8, without an appendage. Lip saccate at the base. Leaves -jointed at the upper end of the sheath. Inflorescence head-like.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar and Seychelles. [Tribe GLOMEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agrostophyllum</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses 2-4.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Column extended below into a foot forming with the base of the perianth<br /> -a chin or spur. Pollen-masses attached to a short, sometimes scarcely -perceptible stalk arising from the rostellum. Mostly epiphytic plants.<br /> -[Tribe POLYSTACHYEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -Column not extended into a foot. Pollen-masses without appendages.<br /> -Sepals and petals usually bent backwards. [Tribe LIPARIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -58. Lip spurred, 3-lobed. Pollen-masses 2, grooved. Leaves not jointed, -linear. Joints of the stem swollen.—Species 6. South Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Eulophia</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrolophia</b> Pfitz.<br /> -<br /> -Lip not spurred. Leaves usually jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -59. Lip undivided. Chin weakly developed. Column short and thick. Stem -slender.—Species 1. German East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neobenthamia</b> Rolfe<br /> -<br /> -Lip 3-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Lateral sepals forming with the column a weakly developed chin.<br /> -Side-lobes of the lip embracing the column. Column slender. Stem -slightly thickened.—Species 6. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some -are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ansellia</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lateral sepals forming with the column a strongly developed chin. Side-lobes -of the lip small. Column short and broad. Stem usually thickened -into pseudo bulbs.—Species 120. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used -as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Epiphora</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polystachya</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -61. Anther erect. Leaves not jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -Anther inclined to horizontal.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -62. Anther adnate to the rostellum; cells widely diverging, opening laterally.<br /> -Column long.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orestia</b> Ridl.<br /> -<br /> -Anther deciduous, opening inwards. Column short. Lip uppermost.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microstylis</b> Nutt.<br /> -<br /> -63. Leaves not jointed. Lip more or less distinctly clawed. Column slender.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Liparis</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves jointed between sheath and blade. Lip not distinctly clawed.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -64. Stem with pseudobulbs. Leaf-blade horizontally flattened.—Species 1.<br /> -Mascarene Islands. (<i>Cestichis</i> Thouars, under <i>Liparis</i> Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stichorchis</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Stem without pseudobulbs. Leaf-blade placed vertically, fleshy. Lip -uppermost, concave at the base.—Species 1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oberonia</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -65. (55.) Leaves with convolute praefoliation (i.e. rolled lengthwise in the bud, -one edge overlapping the other). Stem not swollen, or several joints<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_157">{157}</a></span>of the stem equally thickened. Mostly terrestrial herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -Leaves with conduplicate praefoliation (i.e. folded together along the midrib -in the bud, their edges being applied to each other without overlapping).<br /> -Mostly epiphytic herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -66. Pollen-masses 2-4, without appendages, attached to the glands of the -rostellum by a stalk produced from the latter. Leaves usually jointed.<br /> -[Tribe CYRTOPODIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses 8, appendaged, without a stalk produced from the rostellum.<br /> -Leaves usually continuous. [Tribe PHAIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -67. Lip produced into a spur or pouch at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -Lip without a spur or pouch.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -68. Sepals narrower and less coloured than the petals, usually reflected. Petals -erect or spreading.—Species 90. Tropical and South Africa. Some -are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lissochilus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals equal or nearly so, spreading.—Species 130. Tropical -and South Africa. Some species yield medicaments (salep) and mucilage -or serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Cyrtopera</i> Lindl. and <i>Orthochilus</i><br /> -Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eulophia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -69. Column with 2 basal lobes projecting upon the base of the lip.—Species 4.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pteroglossaspis</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Column without appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Lip and lateral sepals inserted on the foot of the column, the former with<br /> -a narrow, the latter with a broad base.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eulophiella</b> Rolfe<br /> -<br /> -Lip inserted on the foot of the column, the lateral sepals on the margin -of the ovary, both with a narrow base.—Species 1. Madagascar and<br /> -Mascarene Islands. The pseudobulbs yield mucilage.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyrtopodium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -71. Leaves jointed at the upper end of the sheath. Inflorescence 2-3-flowered.<br /> -Lip slightly saccate. Column rather long, with short, roundish wings.<br /> -Pollen-masses affixed to a single appendage.—Species 2. West Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Pachystoma</i> Reichb. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ancistrochilus</b> Rolfe<br /> -<br /> -Leaves not jointed. Inflorescence usually many-flowered. Lip clasping -the column or adnate to it, usually spurred.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -72. Lip adnate to the column; blade spreading, 3-4-lobed. Column short.—Species<br /> -9. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calanthe</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Lip free, clasping the column or broadly concave at the base. Column -slender.—Species 7. Madagascar and neighbouring islands, West<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants or yield dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaius</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -73. (65.) Leafy stems with indeterminate apical growth; side-shoots weakly -developed or wanting. Inflorescences or solitary flowers axillary.<br /> -Epiphytes without pseudobulbs. Lip continuous with the base of the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_158">{158}</a></span>column. [Tribe SARCANTHEAE, subtribe <small>AERIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -Leafy stems with determinate apical growth; annual shoots arising laterally -at their base and forming a sympodium. Mostly epiphytes with -pseudobulbs. Lip more or less distinctly articulated with the foot of the -column.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -74. Lip not spurred. Sepals and petals long and narrow, spreading. Pollen-masses -without an appendage. Leaves broad.—Species 2. Island of<br /> -Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bonniera</b> Cord.<br /> -<br /> -Lip spurred.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -75. Lateral sepals inserted on the foot of the column, forming a chin. Lip -entire, smooth, shortly spurred.—Species 10. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands, Cameroons. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeranthus</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lateral sepals inserted on the apex of the ovary. Column not prolonged -into a foot.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Pollen-masses upon a single, sometimes 2-cleft or almost imperceptible -stalk.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses with 2 stalks, which are entirely distinct or united by the -gland only.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -77. Stalk of the pollen-masses 2-cleft.—Species 10. Madagascar and the -neighbouring islands, West Africa. (Including <i>Ancistrorhynchus</i> Finet,<br /> -<i>Dicranotaenia</i> Finet, and <i>Monixus</i> Finet, under <i>Angrecum</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aerangis</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stalk of the pollen-masses simple.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Stalk of the pollen-masses broadened above or throughout, sometimes -almost imperceptible. Lip with a long and thin spur.—Species 120.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal -plants. (Including <i>Lepervenchea</i> Cord., <i>Radinocion</i> Ridl., and <i>Rhaphidorhynchus</i><br /> -Finet).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Angrecum</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Stalk of the pollen-masses thread-like.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -79. Lip hood-shaped, entire, covering the column. Sepals and petals connivent.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons). (Under <i>Angrecum</i> Thou. -or <i>Saccolabium</i> Blume).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calyptrochilus</b> Kraenzl.<br /> -<br /> -Lip not covering the column.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -80. Lip directed upwards. Flowers fleshy, rather small.—Species 4. Madagascar -and neighbouring islands, Equatorial East Africa. Used as -ornamental plants. (Under <i>Saccolabium</i> Blume).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acampe</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lip directed downwards.—Species 3. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands, West Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saccolabium</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -81. Pollen-masses affixed to the surface of two oblong scales. Lip entire, -with a long spur.—Species 20. Madagascar and neighbouring islands,<br /> -West Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Angrecum</i><br /> -Thou.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macroplectrum</b> Pfitz.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses affixed to thin, not scale-like, but sometimes very short<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_159">{159}</a></span>stalks.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -82. Gland of the rostellum covered by scales. Petals 2-4-lobed. Lip with<br /> -a long spur, a clawed 3-5-lobed middle-lobe, and incurved sickle-shaped -side-lobes.—Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptopus</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Gland of the rostellum without scales.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -83. Lip with a short, conical spur; side-lobes embracing the column.—Species<br /> -9. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (<i>Aeonia</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oeonia</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lip with a long, thread- or club-shaped spur.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -84. Sepals unequal, the lateral much longer than the middle one, united -with the petals above. Lip deeply 3-cleft. Stem climbing.—Species<br /> -1. German East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Angrecopsis</b> Kraenzl.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals subequal, free.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -85. Sepals and petals erect. Lip entire. Pollen-masses with very short -stalks.—Species 1. Island of Réunion. (<i>Pectinaria</i> Cord., under<br /> -<i>Angrecum</i> Thou., <i>Macroplectrum</i> Pfitz. or <i>Mystacidium</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ctenorchis</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals spreading.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Column bent backwards. Stalks of the pollen-masses attached to a common -gland.—Species 70. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used -as ornamental plants. (Plate 26.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Listrostachys</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Column straight. Stalks of the pollen-masses usually attached to two -separate glands.—Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some -are used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Gussonia</i> A. Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mystacidium</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -87. (73.) Pollen-masses 2, grooved, with a large transverse appendage at -the base, attached to the gland of the rostellum by a broad stalk. Lip -usually large. Pseudobulbs formed by several internodes, rarely by a -single one or wanting. [Tribe CYMBIDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses 4, rarely 2, without an appendage and usually without a -stalk. Lip usually small. Pseudobulbs formed by a single internode, -bearing one or two leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -88. Lip distinctly spurred.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -Lip not distinctly spurred.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -89. Pollen-masses grooved. Stem with a pseudobulb.—Species 5. Madagascar -and Mascarenes. (Under <i>Eulophia</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eulophiopsis</b> Pfitz.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses not grooved. Stem without pseudobulbs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lemurorchis</b> Kraenzl.<br /> -<br /> -90. Pollen-masses attached to two processes of the stalk. Stem slender, -without pseudobulbs, many-leaved.—Species 1. Madagascar. Used -as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grammatophyllum</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses attached to a common stalk without processes. Stem with -more or less distinct pseudobulbs.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Pseudobulbs enveloped by the sheaths of the leaves inserted below and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_160">{160}</a></span>upon them.—Species 4. Madagascar. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cymbidium</b> Swartz<br /> -Pseudobulbs bearing leaves at the top only, hence not enveloped by sheaths.<br /> -Lateral sepals forming with the foot of the column a distinct chin.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grammangis</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -92. Pollen-masses attached to a scale-like stalk. Lip spurred, 3-lobed.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa. Used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Eulophia</i><br /> -R. Br.) [Tribe MAXILLARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eulophidium</b> Pfitz.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses without a stalk, rarely with a linear stalk. Lip small, not -distinctly spurred, usually entire. [Tribe BOLBOPHYLLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -93. Pollen-masses with a stalk. Lateral sepals somewhat longer than the -dorsal one. Flowers in racemes. Stem creeping.—Species 3. West<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Bolbophyllum</i> Thou. or <i>Polystachya</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Genyorchis</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses without a stalk.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -94. Lateral sepals much longer than the dorsal one, free at the base, united -towards the tip. Inflorescence almost umbel-like.—Species 1. Madagascar,<br /> -Mascarenes, East Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. (Under<br /> -<i>Bolbophyllum</i> Thou.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cirrhopetalum</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lateral sepals shorter or somewhat longer than the dorsal one or equalling -it, free or almost so. Flowers in spikes or racemes, rarely solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -95. Lateral sepals much shorter than the dorsal one. Inflorescence with a -dilated, almost leaf-like rachis.—Species 40. Tropical and South-East<br /> -Africa. Some species are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Megaclinium</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Lateral sepals about as long as or longer than the dorsal one. Inflorescence -with a cylindrical rachis.—Species 90. Tropical and South-East Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants. (<i>Bulbophyllum</i> Thou.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bolbophyllum</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">CLASS V. DICOTYLEDONEAE</p> - -<p class="c">SUBCLASS ARCHICHLAMYDEAE</p> - -<p class="c">(APETALAE AND CHORIPETALAE)</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER VERTICILLATAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_45">FAMILY 45.</a> CASUARINACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves scale-like, whorled, united into a sheath. -Flowers unisexual, the male in spikes, the female in heads. Perianth of -the male flowers consisting of two scales, in the female absent. Stamen -1. Anther opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2, -ascending, straight. Style very short, with 2 thread-shaped stigmas. -Fruit dry, indehiscent, enclosed by woody bracteoles. Seed 1, without -albumen. Embryo straight; radicle superior.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_27" style="width: 337px;"> -<a href="images/plt_027.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_027.jpg" width="337" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PIPERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 27.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Piper guineense Schum.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Fruiting branch. <i>B</i> Part of the female spike with two flowers and -their bracts. <i>C</i> Female flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_28" style="width: 345px;"> -<a href="images/plt_028.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_028.jpg" width="345" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SALICACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 28.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Salix Safsaf Forsk.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Fruiting branch. <i>B</i> Part of a flowering branch. <i>C</i> Male flower. -<i>D</i> Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_161">{161}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Genus 1, species 2. Spontaneous in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, -cultivated in other tropical countries. The wood (beaf-wood) and the -bark are used, the latter for tanning and dyeing and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Casuarina</b> Rumph.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PIPERALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_46">FAMILY 46.</a> PIPERACEAE</p> - -<p>Flowers in spikes. Perianth none. Stamens 2-6. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, -basal, straight. Fruit a berry. Seed with a copious albumen and a small -embryo.—Genera 3, species 80. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 27.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stigma 1, sometimes penicillate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves exstipulate.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 65. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield -vegetables or condiments or are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peperomia</b> Ruiz & Pav.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 2-5. Leaves stipulate or sheathing at the base. Usually -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Spikes axillary, arranged in an umbel. Stipules -united into a sheath. Shrubs.—Species 1. Tropics. Yields edible -fruits containing an aromatic oil and is also used in medicine. (Under<br /> -<i>Piper</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heckeria</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Spikes leaf-opposed.—Species 17, -two of them only in cultivation. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield spices (pepper) or are used in medicine. (Including <i>Coccobryon</i><br /> -Klotzsch and <i>Cubeba</i> Miq.) (Plate 27.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Piper</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER SALICALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_47">FAMILY 47.</a> SALICACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed, stipulate. -Flowers in spikes or catkins, dioecious, without a perianth. Disc -cup-shaped or reduced to scales. Stamens 2 or more. Anthers opening by -two longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled, with two or more parietal -placentas. Ovules inverted. Stigmas 2-4, sessile or nearly so. Fruit -capsular. Seeds with a basal tuft of hairs, without albumen; embryo -straight.—Genera 2, species 20. (Plate 28.)</p> - -<p> -Disc cup- or urn-shaped. Stamens 4-30. Bracts jagged. Leaves, at -least those of the uppermost branches, broad (ovate or broader).<br /> -Buds terminal and lateral, covered by several scales.—Species 6. North -and East Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and medicaments. “Poplar.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Populus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc reduced to one or several scales or teeth sometimes cohering at the -base. Bracts entire. Leaves narrow or rather broad (linear to ovate).<br /> -Buds lateral, covered by a single scale.—Species 15, two of them only -naturalized. They yield timber, plaiting-, stuffing-, and tanning-materials, -and medicaments. “Willow.” (Plate 28.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salix</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_162">{162}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER MYRICALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_48">FAMILY 48.</a> MYRICACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees, shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. -Flowers in simple or compound spikes, unisexual, without a perianth, but -usually with 2-6 bracteoles. Stamens 2-12, usually 4. Anthers opening by -two longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, erect, straight. Styles -2, united at the base, thread-shaped, stigmatose on the inside. Fruit a -drupe. Seed with a thin coat and a straight embryo, without albumen. -(Plate 29.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 25. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, Azores.<br /> -They yield bark for tanning, wax, and edible fruits, and are also used -in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myrica</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER JUGLANDALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_49">FAMILY 49.</a> JUGLANDACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, without stipules. Flowers in -spikes or catkins, monoecious, with bracteoles which are adnate to the -ovary in the female flowers. Perianth 3-4-parted. Stamens numerous. -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. -Ovule 1, basal, straight. Styles 2, united at the base, stigmatose -lengthwise. Fruit a drupe with an incompletely septate stone. Seed -lobed, with a thin coat, without albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Cultivated in North Africa. They yield timber, tans and -dyes, edible fruits (walnuts), oil, sugar, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Juglans</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER FAGALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_50">FAMILY 50.</a> BETULACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate. Flowers -monoecious, in spikes or catkins, with a perianth of bract-like segments -or without a perianth. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled at the base. Ovules -solitary in each cell, descending, inverted. Styles 2. Fruit a nut. Seed -1, exalbuminous, with a membranous coat.—Genera 2, species 2. -Extra-tropical regions. (Under <i>CUPULIFERAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Male flowers without a perianth, with 2-parted filaments and hairy anthers.<br /> -Female flowers with a small perianth and a jagged involucre free from -the bract but adnate to the fruit. Fruit large. Female spikes bud-shaped, -solitary. Leaves folded at the mid-rib in the bud.—Species 1<br /> -(<i>C. Avellana</i> L., hazel). Cultivated and naturalized in North-west<br /> -Africa. Fruits edible. [Tribe CORYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corylus</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers with a 4-parted perianth, simple filaments, and glabrous anthers.<br /> -Female flowers without a perianth, enclosed by a 5-parted involucre -formed by the connate bracts and bracteoles. Fruit small. Female -spikes cone-shaped, at length woody, arranged in racemes. Leaves<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_29" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_029.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_029.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MYRICACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 29.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Myrica conifera Burm. fil.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Fruiting branch. <i>B</i> Male inflorescence. <i>C</i> Male flower. <i>D</i> Group -of fruits. <i>E</i> Female flower. <i>F</i> Ovary cut lengthwise. <i>G</i> Fruit. <i>H</i> -Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_30" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_030.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_030.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ULMACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 30.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Trema guineensis Schum.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Female flower -cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_163">{163}</a></span></p> - -<p> -folded along the side-nerves in the bud.—Species 1 (<i>A. glutinosa</i> L., -alder). North-west Africa, also naturalized in South Africa. Yields -timber and bark for tanning. [Tribe BETULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alnus</b> Tourn.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_51">FAMILY 51.</a> FAGACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided lobed or pinnately cleft, -stipulate. Flowers in spikes or catkins, monoecious. Perianth-segments -4-7, bract-like, more or less united. Stamens 4-20. Ovary inferior, -3-6-celled at the base. Ovules 2 in each cell, descending, inverted. -Styles 3-6. Fruit a nut surrounded by a cup-shaped involucre. Seeds -without albumen.—Genera 2, species 9. Extra-tropical regions. (Under -<i>CUPULIFERAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Male flowers in fascicles arranged in erect spikes. Female flowers in clusters -of 3, surrounded by an involucre. Filaments long. Styles 6, thread-shaped.<br /> -Fruit enclosed in a prickly involucre. Leaves serrate.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> Lam., chestnut). North-west Africa. Yields timber, -bark for tanning, and edible fruits from which starch and oil are prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Castanea</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers in simple, pendulous catkins. Female flowers each surrounded -by an involucre. Filaments short. Styles 3, rarely 4-5, flattened.<br /> -Fruit seated in a scaly, cup-shaped involucre.—Species 8. North-west<br /> -Africa; one species also introduced into South Africa. They yield -timber, cork, tanning and dyeing materials, chemical and medicinal drugs, -starch, and fodder; some have edible fruits. “Oak.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Quercus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER URTICALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_52">FAMILY 52.</a> ULMACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Juice not milky. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers -axillary, solitary or in cymes. Perianth simple, with 3-8 segments. -Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments, rarely more, -straight in the bud. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary -superior, 1-celled, very rarely (<i>Ulmus</i>) 2-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, -inverted. Styles or stigmas 1-2. Fruit a nut or a drupe. Seed with a -membranous coat and with scanty albumen or without albumen.—Genera 5, -species 35. (Under <i>URTICACEAE</i>.) (Plate 30.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens twice or thrice as many as the perianth-segments. Stigma 1.<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Perianth much enlarged in fruit. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Species 1. Abyssinia. [Subfamily <b>BARBEYOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barbeya</b> Schweinf.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the perianth-segments. Stigmas 2. Flowers monoecious -polygamous or hermaphrodite. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit a compressed, winged nut. Embryo straight; cotyledons flat.<br /> -Flower-clusters in the axils of scale-like bracts.—Species 1 (<i>U. campestris</i><br /> -L., elm). North-west Africa. Yields timber, bast, tanning and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_164">{164}</a></span>dyeing materials, and medicaments. [Subfamily <b>ULMOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ulmus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a more or less globular drupe. Embryo curved; cotyledons folded -or rolled inwards. Flower-clusters or solitary flowers usually in the -axils of the leaves. [Subfamily <b>CELTIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stipules united. Leaves entire, penninerved. Spiny shrubs. Flowers -unisexual. Perianth-segments of the male flowers valvate in the bud.<br /> -Embryo with narrow cotyledons.—Species 4. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaetacme</b> Planch. & Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules free. Leaves usually 3-nerved. Spineless shrubs or trees.<br /> -Flowers usually polygamous. Perianth-segments imbricate in bud, -at least at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Embryo with narrow cotyledons. Perianth-segments imbricate at the -apex only. Flowers almost sessile.—Species 10. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning and dyeing materials, -and medicaments. (<i>Sponia</i> Commers.) (Plate 30.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trema</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Embryo with broad cotyledons. Perianth-segments imbricate. Stigmas -feathery. Upper flowers upon long stalks.—Species 20. Some of them -yield timber, bast, tanning and dyeing materials, oil, medicaments, and -edible fruits. “Nettle-tree.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Celtis</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_53">FAMILY 53.</a> MORACEAE</p> - -<p>Juice usually milky. Leaves stipulate. Flowers unisexual. Perianth -simple or wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments -or fewer, 1-6. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled. -Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted or curved, rarely erect and straight. -Styles 1-2.—Genera 26, species 260. (Under <i>URTICACEAE</i> or <i>ULMACEAE.)</i> -(Plate 31.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens of the male flowers bent inwards in the bud, subsequently bent -backwards. Ovule pendulous. Leaves folded in bud. Stipules not -leaving a stem-clasping scar. [Subfamily <b>MOROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stamens of the male flowers straight from the beginning.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers in lax cymes consisting of one female flower and several male -ones. Perianth with a distinct tube. Stamens 4. Style 2-cleft. Trees.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Madagascar. [Tribe FATOUEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bleekrodia</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Flowers arranged in spike- raceme- or head-like inflorescences or collected -upon flattened receptacles.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers on flattened and more or less expanded receptacles, rarely in -spike-like inflorescences; in the latter case, as usually, male and female -flowers in the same inflorescence. Stamens 1-4, usually 2. [Tribe<br /> -DORSTENIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spike-, raceme- or head-like, unisexual inflorescences (containing -only male or only female flowers), rarely female flowers solitary. Stamens<br /> -4. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers in false spikes containing male and female flowers or male ones -only. Perianth 4-partite. Stamens 4. Trees. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sloetiopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers on flattened receptacles.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_31" style="width: 334px;"> -<a href="images/plt_031.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_031.jpg" width="334" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MORACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 31.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dorstenia elliptica Bureau</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Inflorescence cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Young male flower. <i>E</i> Older male flower. <i>F</i> Female -flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_32" style="width: 323px;"> -<a href="images/plt_032.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_032.jpg" width="323" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>URTICACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 32.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Fleurya aestuans Gaudich.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower. <i>C</i> Older female flower. <i>D</i> -Pistil cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_165">{165}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -5. Inflorescences unisexual, the lateral containing many male flowers, the -middle one a single female flower. Receptacle covered on the outside -by imbricate bracts. Male flowers with a 3-4-partite perianth and<br /> -3-4 stamens. Female flowers without a perianth. Trees or shrubs.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mesogyne</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences bisexual, containing many male flowers and one or several -female ones, usually provided with bracts on the margin only. Perianth<br /> -2-lobed or wanting. Stamens 2, rarely 1 or 3.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Receptacles top-shaped, subsequently cupular, bearing many male flowers -and a single central female flower. Pericarp membranous. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 5. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trymatococcus</b> Poepp. & Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacles expanded, often divided into linear segments, bearing many -male flowers and several female ones. Pericarp crusty within, fleshy -outside. Herbs or low shrubs.—Species 50. Tropics. Some are -poisonous or used medicinally. (Plate 31.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dorstenia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. Female flowers solitary, axillary; male flowers in spike-like inflorescences.<br /> -Perianth 4-toothed. Trees. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Island -of Réunion. Used medicinally. [Tribe STREBLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maillardia</b> Frapp. & Duchartre<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Female flowers in head-like, but sometimes elongated (oblong) inflorescences, -the male in spike-, raceme- or head-like ones. Style simple, -with a thread-shaped stigma, rarely with an abortive side-branch.<br /> -Trees. [Tribe BROUSSONETIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Female and male flowers in spike-like inflorescences. Perianth of the -female flowers divided to the base. Style 2-parted, with thread-shaped, -equal or subequal stigmas. [Tribe MOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -9. Male flowers in head-like inflorescences. Perianth of the female flowers<br /> -4-lobed. Spinous plants.—Species 1. East Africa and Madagascar.<br /> -It yields a dye-wood and edible fruits. (Under <i>Plecospermum</i> Trecul)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cardiogyne</b> Bur.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers in spike- or raceme-like inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Male flowers in lax, raceme-like inflorescences. Spinous plants. Leaves -entire. Perianth of the female flowers deeply 4-cleft, persistent and -enclosing the fruit.—Species 1. Cultivated in North Africa. The -wood is used for joiners’ work, the leaves as food for silkworms.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maclura</b> Nutt.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers in dense, spike-like inflorescences. Spineless plants.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Perianth of the female flowers deeply 4-cleft or 4-parted. Fruit wholly, -or for the greatest part, enclosed by the perianth. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa. They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlorophora</b> Gaud.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of the female flowers shortly toothed. Fruit overtopping the -perianth. Leaves usually lobed.—Species 1 (<i>B. papyrifera</i> Vent., -paper-mulberry). Cultivated in North Africa. Used for making paper;<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_166">{166}</a></span>the fruit is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Broussonetia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -12. Stipules united. Leaves entire, with numerous transverse nerves. Ovary -subglobose. Seed with leaf-like, folded cotyledons. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachytrophe</b> Bur.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules free.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Leaves entire, penninerved, leathery. Ovary compressed. Seed without -albumen; embryo with thick cotyledons. Trees.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ampalis</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves toothed, 3-nerved at the base. Ovary ovoid or subglobose. Seed -with copious albumen.—Species 3. Cultivated and naturalized in -various regions. They yield timber, food for silkworms, edible fruits<br /> -(mulberries), dyes, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Morus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. (1.) Ovule erect, straight. Trees. Leaves folded in the bud. Stipules -leaving an annular scar. [Subfamily <b>CONOCEPHALOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous, curved or inverted. Woody plants with the leaves rolled -inwards in the bud, or herbaceous plants.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Leaves divided into 11-15 segments. Male flowers in false heads arranged -in cymes; perianth with a distinct tube. Stamen 1. Female flowers -upon a flattened, ovate receptacle. Style long.—Species 1 (<i>M. Smithii</i><br /> -R. Br.). West Africa to the Upper Nile. Yields timber (cork-wood) -and edible fruits. The aerial roots contain much water.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Musanga</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided, 3-lobed, or 5-7-parted. Male flowers in false spikes -or heads arranged in cymes; perianth divided quite or nearly to the -base. Stamens 2-4. Female flowers in globose or subglobose false -heads. Style short.—Species 8. Central Africa. Some species yield -timber or edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myrianthus</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers in cymes arranged in spikes or panicles. Fruit dry. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves palmately lobed or dissected. Stipules free. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>CANNABOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Flowers upon a globe-, club-, disc-, or cup-shaped receptacle. Herbs -with undivided, lanceolate, penninerved leaves, or more frequently -shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided or lobed, coiled in the bud. Stipules -usually united and leaving a stem-clasping scar. [Subfamily <b>ARTOCARPOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -17. Stem twining. Leaves opposite, lobed or the upper ones undivided.<br /> -Female flowers in catkins. Embryo spirally twisted, with narrow cotyledons.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>H. Lupulus</i> L., hop). Cultivated in the extratropical -regions. It is used for making beer, as a vegetable and a fibre-plant, -and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Humulus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect. Leaves opposite below, alternate above, dissected. Female -flowers in panicles. Embryo curved, with broad cotyledons.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. sativa</i> L., hemp). Cultivated in various regions. It yields fibre, -oil, and an intoxicating drug (hashish).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cannabis</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -18. Flowers enclosed within a pouch-shaped, usually bisexual receptacle provided -at the top with a small opening surrounded by bracts. Embryo<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_167">{167}</a></span>curved. Shrubs or trees.—Species 160. Some of them yield timber, -bast-fibres, bark for clothing, india-rubber, shellac, vegetables, medicaments, -and edible fruits (especially the figs, from <i>F. carica</i> L.) which are -also used for making brandy and a substitute for coffee. Some species -are poisonous or serve as ornamental plants. [Tribe FICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ficus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers collected on a globe-, club-, disc-, or cup-shaped receptacle.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Receptacles more or less cup-shaped, containing many male flowers and a -single central female one. Stamen 1. Embryo straight. [Tribe<br /> -BROSIMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Receptacles of two kinds, some containing only male flowers, the others -only female or many female intermixed with several male. Shrubs or -trees.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -20. Perianth distinctly developed. Ovary free. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -3. Equatorial West Africa. (Including <i>Cyatanthus</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scyphosyce</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth not distinctly developed. Ovary immersed in and adnate to the -receptacle. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Receptacles covered with peltate bracts on their whole surface. Male -flowers with, female without bracts.—Species 2. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bosqueiopsis</b> De Wild. & Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacles bearing bracts on the margin only. Female flowers with, -male without bracts.—Species 6. Tropics. Some yield timber and -dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bosqueia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -22. Male flowers on a discoid or concave receptacle bearing numerous bracts -on the edge or the whole surface; female flowers on a similar receptacle -or solitary. [Tribe OLMEDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers on a globular or club-shaped receptacle bearing bracts at the -base only and between the flowers, or destitute of bracts; female flowers -on a more or less globular receptacle. [Tribe ARTOCARPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -23. Male inflorescences many-flowered, discoid; female 1-flowered. Male -flowers with, female without a perianth.—Species 3. Central Africa.<br /> -Poisonous, used medicinally, and yielding timber and fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antiaris</b> Leschen.<br /> -<br /> -Male and female inflorescences many-flowered, more or less concave. Male -flowers without, female with a perianth.—Species 2. Cultivated in the -tropics. Yielding india-rubber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Castilloa</b> Cerv.<br /> -<br /> -24. Inflorescences without bracts at the base. Flowers monoecious. Stamen<br /> -1.—Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield timber, bark -used for making cloth, bast-fibres, mucilage, starch, edible fruits, and -medicaments. “Breadfruit tree.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artocarpus</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences with some bracts at the base. Flowers dioecious. Stamens<br /> -1-5.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Female flowers surrounded each by two rows of very unequal bracts or -perianth-segments, not intermixed with male flowers.—Species 1.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_168">{168}</a></span>Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthotreculia</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers surrounded by subequal bracts and intermixed with some -male flowers.—Species 9. Tropics. Some species have edible seeds -from which also oil and meal are prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Treculia</b> Decne.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_54">FAMILY 54.</a> URTICACEAE</p> - -<p>Juice not milky. Leaves usually stipulate. Flowers unisexual, rarely -(<i>Parietaria)</i> polygamous. Perianth simple, with 1-5 segments, sometimes -wanting in the female flowers. Stamens in the male flowers as many as -perianth-segments. Filaments broadened at the base, bent inwards in the -bud. Anthers attached by the back, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary -1-celled. Ovule 1, erect or ascending, straight. Style 1 or 0. Fruit -indehiscent. Seed with a thin coat and a straight embryo, usually -albuminous.—Genera 20, species 150. (Plate 32.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamen 1. Perianth of the male flowers entire or divided in 2-3 segments, -of the female entire 4-toothed or wanting. Stigma linear. Herbs or -undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Hairs not stinging. Stipules free. [Tribe<br /> -FORSKOHLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Flower-clusters without an involucre and not surrounded by woolly hairs.<br /> -Female flowers with a perianth.—Species 4. South and East Africa.<br /> -(<i>Didymodoxa</i> E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Australina</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -Flower-clusters with an involucre and usually surrounded by woolly hairs.<br /> -Female flowers without a perianth.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Involucral bracts free or united at the base only. Stem rough. Herbs -undershrubs or shrubs.—Species 5.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Forskohlea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts united high up. Stem smooth. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -5. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Droguetia</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -4. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, entire. Plants without stinging hairs.<br /> -Female flowers in glomerules surrounded by an involucre; perianth 4-cleft.<br /> -[Tribe PARIETARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Stipules present, very rarely rudimentary, but then leaves toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Stem herbaceous. Flowers polygamous. Stigma spatulate and recurved.—Species<br /> -8. Some are used in medicine. “Pellitory.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parietaria</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Flowers unisexual. Stigma linear.—Species 1. Canary<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gesnouinia</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -6. Plants with stinging hairs, very rarely (<i>Fleurya)</i> almost glabrous, and then -stigma linear-oblong and shortly papillose and perianth of the female -flowers 3-4-partite. Perianth-segments of the female flowers 4, rarely<br /> -1-3. Embryo with orbicular cotyledons. [Tribe UREREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Plants without stinging hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit straight. Stigma penicillate. Leaves opposite. Herbs.—Species<br /> -10. They yield material for spinning and paper-making and are used -as pot-herbs and in medicine. “Nettle.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urtica</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_169">{169}</a></span>Fruit oblique. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Stigma more or less capitate. Perianth surrounding the fruit fleshy. Shrubs -or trees, rarely undershrubs.—Species 20. Tropical and South-East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urera</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma linear or oblong.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Perianth of the female flowers reduced to a single, sometimes 2-parted, large -segment, more rarely consisting of 2 unequal segments. Herbs with -punctiform cystoliths.—Species 3. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Girardinia</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of the female flowers with 4 segments, of which 1-2 are sometimes -rudimentary.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Cystoliths linear. Annual herbs. Fruit gibbous, as long as or longer than -the perianth.—Species 7. South and Central Africa. They yield -fibre and fish-poison. (Plate 32.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fleurya</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -Cystoliths punctiform. Perennial herbs or woody plants.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Fruit as long as or longer than the perianth, smooth.—Species 3. Central<br /> -Africa. (<i>Urticastrum</i> Heist.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laportea</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much shorter than the membranous perianth. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -6. Madagascar, Mascarenes, East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Obetia</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -12. (6.) Stigma penicillate. Perianth of the female flowers 3-partite, rarely<br /> -4-5-partite or rudimentary, free from the ovary. Embryo with -orbicular or ovate cotyledons. Cystoliths linear. Herbs or undershrubs, -rarely shrubs; in this case leaves penninerved. Stipules -connate. [Tribe PROCRIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Stigma filiform, rarely capitate and somewhat hairy, but then shrubs with<br /> -3-nerved leaves and perianth shortly toothed and adnate to the ovary.<br /> -Perianth of the female flowers 2-4-toothed, entire, or wanting. Embryo -with elliptical or oblong cotyledons. Cystoliths usually punctiform.<br /> -Mostly woody plants. [Tribe BOEHMERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -13. Leaves opposite, but sometimes the pairs consisting of unequal leaves.<br /> -Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate or subopposite, i.e., one leaf of each pair very small, -stipule-like.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers on a disc- or bell-shaped receptacle.—Species 1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lecanthus</b> Wedd.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in glomerules arranged in panicles.—Species 35. Tropics. Some -are used as vegetables or textile plants. (<i>Adicea</i> Rafin.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pilea</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -15. Flowers on an expanded receptacle. Perianth-segments of the female -flowers linear or lanceolate. Herbs. Leaves unequal-sided.—Species<br /> -15. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elatostema</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in glomerules or heads without an involucre. Perianth-segments -ovate. Shrubs or undershrubs.—Species 3. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Procris</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -16. Female flowers without a perianth. Stigma filiform. Shrubs. Leaves -alternate. Flowers in axillary glomerules.—Species 1. Naturalized -on the Island of Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phenax</b> Wedd.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_170">{170}</a></span>Female flowers with a perianth.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Perianth of the female flowers free or almost free from the ovary, dry or -membranous in fruit. Stipules free or nearly so. Stigma filiform.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of the female flowers adnate to the ovary, more or less succulent -in fruit. Stipules evidently united. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or -trees.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -18. Stigma persistent. Perianth surrounding the fruit neither winged nor -ribbed. Leaves toothed.—Species 7. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Two of them (especially <i>B. nivea</i> Hook. & Arn., ramie or Chinese grasscloth -plant) are cultivated as textile plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boehmeria</b> Jaqu.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma deciduous. Perianth surrounding the fruit usually winged or -ribbed. Leaves usually entire.—Species 10. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pouzolzia</b> Gaudich.<br /> -<br /> -19. Stigma filiform, deciduous.—Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pipturus</b> Wedd.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma capitate, more or less penicillate.—Species 1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Debregeasia</b> Gaudich.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PROTEALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_55">FAMILY 55.</a> PROTEACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, rarely (<i>Brabeium</i>) whorled. Stipules -none. Flowers in heads, spikes, or racemes. Perianth with 4 petaloid, -valvate segments, usually surrounded by excrescences of the receptacle. -Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-segments. Anthers opening inwards. -Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, ascending and inverted, more rarely -pendulous and straight, very rarely ovules 2. Style simple, with a small -stigma. Fruit a one-seeded nut or drupe. Seed exalbuminous.—Genera 13, -species 400. Southern and tropical Africa. (Plate 33.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens inserted at the base of the perianth-segments; anthers stalked.<br /> -Perianth regular, divided to the base. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.<br /> -[Tribe PERSOONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted on the middle or the upper part of the perianth-segments; -anthers usually sessile. Perianth more or less deeply divided, but -rarely to the base. [Tribe PROTEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Receptacle with a short cupular excrescence at the base. Ovule pendulous.<br /> -Fruit a drupe. Flowers in fascicles arranged in racemes. Leaves -whorled, undivided.—Species 1. South Africa. The fruits are -edible and used as a substitute for coffee.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brabeium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle with 4 scale-like excrescences at the base. Flowers in spikes -arranged in racemes. Leaves alternate, 2-lobed.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -The wood is used for torches, the seeds yield oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dilobeia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers unisexual, regular.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Male flowers in spikes or racemes, female in heads. Bracts narrow.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aulax</b> Berg<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_33" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_033.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_033.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PROTEACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 33.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Leucospermum conocarpum R. Br.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower laid open. <i>C</i> Perianth-segment and -stamen.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_34" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_034.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_034.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LORANTHACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 34.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Loranthus capitatus (Spreng.) Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Lower part of the flower cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Anther.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_171">{171}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Male and female flowers in heads. Bracts broad.—Species 75. South<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments; the silvery-haired -leaves of the silver-tree (<i>L. argenteum</i> R. Br.) also form an -article of commerce.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucadendron</b> Herm.<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers regular or almost so, disposed in heads which are sometimes -reduced to a single flower. Perianth-segments united below, free and -recurved above.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Flowers distinctly irregular. Perianth-segments more or less united, -except the hindmost, which is separated from the others.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -6. Leaves, at least the inferior, more or less divided.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Leaves all undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Heads arranged in sometimes very short spikes, 4-flowered. Ovary glabrous -or almost so. Fruit sessile.—Species 15. South Africa. (<i>Nivenia</i> R.<br /> -Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paranomus</b> Salisb. & Knight<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary or arranged in corymbs or heads, usually many-flowered.<br /> -Ovary hairy, usually woolly or hispid. Fruit short-stalked.—Species<br /> -70. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Serruria</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -8. Heads solitary, 4- or more-flowered. Fruit sessile.—Species 20. South<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Orothamnus</i> Eckl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mimetes</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Heads arranged in spikes, racemes, or umbels, 1-6-flowered. Fruit with a -short stalk.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers somewhat irregular. Stigma lateral, or very oblique, or seated in -the centre of a disc-like expansion of the style-apex. Heads in lax -spikes or racemes.—Species 25. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spatalla</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Stigma terminal or nearly so, conical or club-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Style more or less lateral, not constricted at the base. Perianth-tube<br /> -4-angled. Inflorescence cylindrical.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spatallopsis</b> Phillips<br /> -<br /> -Style terminal, constricted at the base. Perianth-tube short, not 4-angled.<br /> -Inflorescence globose.—Species 12. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sorocephalus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -11. (5.) Anterior perianth-segments separating above. Anthers oblong or -ovate. Style deciduous. Fruit glabrous. Flowers in sometimes oblong -heads, usually yellow.—Species 40. South and East Africa. Some -species yield timber and bark for tanning. (Plate 33.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucospermum</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Anterior perianth-segments united almost to the top into a lip. Anthers -linear. Style persistent. Fruit covered with dense hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Anthers obtuse.—Species 15. Tropical -and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Faurea</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads. Anthers usually with a prolonged connective.—Species<br /> -130. South and Central Africa. Some species yield timber, -bark for tanning, or medicaments. (<i>Leucadendron</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Protea</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_172">{172}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER SANTALALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER SANTALINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_56">FAMILY 56.</a> SANTALACEAE</p> - -<p>Terrestrial plants, sometimes parasitic on roots. Leaves undivided, -exstipulate, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth simple. -Stamens 3-6, as many as and inserted on the perianth-segments, equalling -them or shorter. Anthers stalked, 2-celled. Ovary inferior, rarely -almost superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, basal, or ovules 2-5, pendulous from -the apex of a central or subparietal placenta. Style simple or wanting. -Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without a testa, with copious fleshy albumen; -radicle of the embryo superior.—Genera 6, Species 140. (Plate 34.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary superior. Ovule 1. Style absent; stigma 2-lobed. Stalk of the -fruit fleshy. Shrubs or trees.—Species 1. Madagascar. Used -medicinally. [Tribe ANTHOBOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Exocarpus</b> Labill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior. Ovules 2-5. Style present.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Perianth-tube above the ovary coated by a disc on the inside, or wanting.<br /> -Placenta thick, straight. Ovules recurved. Stigma 3-4-parted or<br /> -4-5-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. [Tribe OSYRIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-tube above the ovary not coated by a disc on the inside. Placenta -thin, usually flexuous. Ovules straight. Stigma entire or obscurely<br /> -2-3-lobed. [Tribe THESIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Leaves, at least most of them, opposite. Flowers in panicles which are -sometimes composed of false umbels, 4-6-merous, hermaphrodite or -polygamous. Stigma 4-5-lobed. Embryo with very short cotyledons.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa. They yield timber and tanning material.<br /> -(<i>Rhoiocarpus</i> A. DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colpoon</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Flowers in false umbels, which are often arranged in -racemes, or the female and hermaphrodite solitary, 3-4-merous, -dioecious or polygamous. Stigma 3-4-partite. Embryo with long -cotyledons.—Species 8. North and East Africa to Natal. Some -species yield fragrant wood (African sandalwood), tanning and dyeing -materials, and medicaments. (Plate 34.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osyris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube above the ovary very shortly campanulate; -segments usually with a tuft of hairs in the male flowers.<br /> -Anther-halves elliptical. Style short.—Species 6. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thesidium</b> Sond.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above the ovary campanulate or -cylindrical; segments with tufts or rows of hairs. Anther-halves -usually oblong. Style long or rather short.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit a drupe. Flowers axillary, solitary or in glomerules. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -7. East and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osyridicarpus</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a nut.—Species 120.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thesium</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_35" style="width: 335px;"> -<a href="images/plt_035.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_035.jpg" width="335" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SANTALACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 35.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Osyris tenuifolia Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower. <i>C</i> Male flower from above. <i>D</i> -Male flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_36" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_036.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_036.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OPILIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 36.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Opilia amentacea Roxb.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_173">{173}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_57">FAMILY 57.</a> OPILIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers in spikes, racemes or -umbels, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx (or calyx-like excrescence of the -receptacle) entire or obscurely 4-5-toothed. Petals (or -perianth-segments) 4-5, free. Stamens equal in number and opposite to -them, free or adnate at the base. Disc present. Ovary superior or nearly -so, 1-celled, with a thick central placenta. Ovule 1, pendulous from the -apex of the placenta, with no coat. Style simple. Fruit succulent. Seed -without a testa; albumen abundant; embryo large, with superior -radicle.—Genera 2, species 15. (Under <i>OLACINEAE.)</i> (Plate 35.)</p> - -<p> -Axis of the inflorescence with cushion-shaped swellings at the base of the -pedicels. Flowers in short racemes or umbels. Receptacle broad, -cupular. Disc lobed. Petals with inflected tips. Filaments short.<br /> -Anthers broad.—Species 5. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhopalopilia</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Axis of the inflorescence without swellings. Flowers in racemes. Receptacle -small.—Species 10. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. (<i>Groutia</i> Guill. &<br /> -Perr., including <i>Urobotrya</i> Stapf). (Plate 35.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Opilia</b> Roxb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_58">FAMILY 58.</a> GRUBBIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, entire, leathery. Inflorescences -axillary, cymose. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth 4-partite, -with sepaloid, valvate segments. Stamens 8, almost free from the -perianth. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary inferior, 1-celled or at first -incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 2, pendulous from a central or subparietal -placenta, straight, with no coat. Style simple; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a -drupe. Seed 1, with a thin testa and fleshy albumen; embryo straight, -with inferior radicle. (Under <i>SANTALACEAE</i> or <i>HAMAMELIDACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 4. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grubbia</b> Berg<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_59">FAMILY 59.</a> OLACACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers regular. -Calyx usually small. Petals or corolla-lobes 3-6, nearly always valvate -in bud. Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary superior or -nearly so, rarely half-inferior or almost inferior, 1-celled, usually -septate at the base, rarely 2-5-celled to the top. Ovules 1-5, pendulous -from the apex of a usually free placenta, inverted. Style simple. Fruit -indehiscent. Seed 1, with a small embryo and abundant albumen.—Genera -11, species 70. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 36.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary superior, 1-celled, sometimes septate at the base. Ovules 2-3, -with no coat.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior, 1-celled with 4-5 ovules, or completely or nearly completely<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_174">{174}</a></span>3-4-celled, or more or less inferior. Ovules with 1-2 coats.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Filaments united into a long tube. Stamens 4-5, as many as and opposite -the divisions of the corolla. Disc 4-5-lobed. Calyx enlarged in fruit.<br /> -Flowers in racemes or panicles. [Tribe APTANDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or nearly so. [Tribe OLACEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers 4-merous, unisexual. Ovules 2. Calyx cupular, not splitting -at the time of maturity.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aptandra</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Ovules 3. Calyx splitting into 3 segments at the -time of maturity.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. They yield -timber and oily seeds which are also used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ongokea</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovules 2. Stamens 5-10. Calyx not enlarged in fruit.—Species 6. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ptychopetalum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3. Stamens 6-12, of which 3-6 are fertile. Calyx enlarged in -fruit.—Species 40. Tropics. Some species yield timber. (Plate<br /> -36.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Olax</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4-6, free or nearly so. [Tribe<br /> -ANACOLOSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-4 times as many as the petals. Ovary superior, completely -or almost completely 3-4-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary superior, septate at the base, with 4-5 ovules. Flowers 5-merous, -in panicles.—Species 1. Island of Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stolidia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Flowers in axillary spikes, racemes or -fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers 6-merous. Calyx entire or toothed. Ovary very incompletely<br /> -2-celled. Ovules 2.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anacolosa</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-5-merous. Ovary completely or almost completely 3-4-celled.<br /> -Ovules 3-4.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx shortly toothed. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit a -drupe.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strombosiopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Calyx deeply divided. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit a berry.—Species<br /> -7. Central Africa. (Including <i>Lavalleopsis</i> Van Tiegh.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strombosia</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -9. Stamens 3-4 times as many as the petals, 12-20. Calyx entire, not -enlarged in fruit. Juice resinous.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa. Yields timber and edible oily seeds. [Tribe COULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coula</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals, 8-12. Calyx 4-6-toothed. Juice -not resinous.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Anthers globose. Ovary incompletely 3-celled. Style short. Petals<br /> -5-6. Calyx much enlarged in fruit. Leaves with milky juice.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa. [Tribe HEISTERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heisteria</b> Jaqu.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers linear. Ovary almost completely 3-4-celled. Style as long -as the ovary. Petals 4-5. Calyx not enlarged in fruit. Leaves with -watery juice.—Species 3. Tropical and South-East Africa. They -yield fragrant wood, bark for tanning, edible fruits, and oily seeds, and -are also used in medicine. [Tribe XIMENIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ximenia</b> Plum.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_37" style="width: 323px;"> -<a href="images/plt_037.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_037.jpg" width="323" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OLACACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 37.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Olax Durandii Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Branch of another specimen. <i>C</i> Flower cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_38" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_038.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_038.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 38.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Aristolochia bracteata Retz.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Lower part of the flower (the ovary -cut lengthwise).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_175">{175}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_60">FAMILY 60.</a> OCTOKNEMATACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers -in axillary racemes. Petals 5, valvate in bud. Stamens 5, opposite the -petals; filaments short. Disc obscure. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with a -free filiform placenta and 3 pendulous ovules. Style divided into 3-5 -two-or three-cleft lobes. Fruit woody, surrounded by the fleshy -receptacle. Seeds with a thin coat; embryo minute, situated at the apex -of the 8-furrowed albumen. (Under <i>OLACACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 3. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Octoknema</b> Pierre<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER LORANTHINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_61">FAMILY 61.</a> LORANTHACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs, parasitic upon trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate, sometimes -scale-like. Perianth simple, with 2-6 valvate segments, often surrounded -at the base by a calyx-like outgrowth of the receptacle. Stamens as many -as and opposite the perianth-segments and inserted on them. Ovary -inferior, with 1-4 indistinctly developed ovules. Style and stigma -simple. Fruit succulent. Seeds albuminous.—Genera, 4, species 300. -(Plate 37.)</p> - -<p> -1. Receptacle with a calyx-like outgrowth surrounding the base of the perianth.<br /> -Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Anthers usually stalked and opening -by two longitudinal slits. Style more or less filiform. Leaves -well-developed.—Species 250. Tropical and South Africa. Some -are used medicinally. (Plate 37). [Subfamily <b>LORANTHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>LORANTHUS</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without a calyx-like outgrowth. Flowers unisexual. Anthers -sessile. [Subfamily <b>VISCOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Anthers adnate to the perianth; cells several or many, opening by pores.<br /> -Placenta basal. Flowers in clusters of 3 or more.—Species 50. Some -of them yield bird-lime or are used medicinally. “Mistletoe.” [Tribe<br /> -VISCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Viscum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers seated on the perianth, but not adnate to it; cells 1-2, opening -by longitudinal or transverse slits. Placenta central. Leaves scale-like.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Anthers 1-celled, opening by a transverse slit. Perianth of the male flowers<br /> -2-5-parted, of the female 2-parted. Flowers dioecious, solitary.—Species<br /> -1. North-West Africa. [Tribe ARCEUTHOBIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arceuthobium</b> Marsch. Bieb.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled, opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Perianth 3-parted.<br /> -Flowers monoecious, disposed in rows.—Species 5. Madagascar and -neighbouring islands. (<i>Bifaria</i> Van Tiegh.) [Tribe PHORADENDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Korthalsella</b> Van Tiegh.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_176">{176}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BALANOPHORINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_62">FAMILY 62.</a> BALANOPHORACEAE</p> - -<p>Succulent herbs without green colour, parasitic on roots, upon which -their root-stock is seated. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in -spadix-like spikes or heads, red, unisexual. Perianth in the male -flowers of 3-6 segments, in the female 3-lobed or wanting. Stamens as -many as and opposite the perianth-segments, sometimes one of them -abortive. Ovary inferior or naked, 1-celled. Ovules 1-3, pendulous from -a central placenta or from the apex of the cell or adnate to the wall of -the ovary, without coats. Style simple, sometimes very short; stigma -entire or lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seed without a testa; albumen copious; -embryo small, apical, undivided.—Genera 4, species 6. Tropical and -South Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Fertile stamens 2. Female flowers with a 3-lobed perianth. Ovules 3.<br /> -Stigma 3-lobed, borne on a long filiform style. Spadices oblong, solitary.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa. [Subfamily <b>MYSTROPETALOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mystropetalon</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 3 or more. Female flowers without a perianth, but the -base of the style sometimes surrounded by a tubular outgrowth of the -receptacle. Stigma entire or sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Stamens free. Anthers globose, many-celled. Ovules 3. Stigma sessile.<br /> -Spadices panicled. Root-stock not resinous.—Species 1. South and<br /> -East Africa. [Subfamily <b>SARCOPHYTOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcophyte</b> Sparrm.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens united. Anthers 2-4-celled. Ovule 1. Style and stigma -simple. Spadices solitary. Root-stock resinous. [Subfamily <b>BALANOPHOROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Anthers 3-6, linear, 4-celled. Ovary linear. Ovule adnate to the wall -of the ovary. Perianth-segments of the male flowers linear. Spadices -hemispherical.—Species 2. Tropics. [Tribe LANGSDORFFIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thonningia</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Anthers numerous, 2-celled. Ovule free, pendulous.—Species 1. Comoro<br /> -Islands. [Tribe BALANOPHOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Balanophora</b> Forst.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_63">FAMILY 63.</a> ARISTOLOCHIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, entire or lobed. Flowers axillary, solitary or in -clusters, irregular, hermaphrodite. Perianth simple, corolla-like, with -a distinct tube. Stamens 5-24, adnate to the style. Anthers opening -outwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 4-6-celled. -Ovules several or many in each cell, pendulous descending or horizontal, -inverted. Style or stigma 6-lobed. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a small -embryo and copious albumen. (Plate 38.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 30. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aristolochia</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_177">{177}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_64">FAMILY 64.</a> RAFFLESIACEAE</p> - -<p>Parasitic herbs, partly immersed in the tissue of the plants upon which -they grow. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers terminal, solitary or in -racemes, regular, unisexual. Perianth-segments 4 or more. Stamens 8 or -more; filaments united into a column. Ovary inferior, 1-celled with 4 or -more parietal placentas, or several-celled with axile placentas. Ovules -numerous. Style simple; stigmas situated beneath its thickened apex. -Fruit a berry. Seeds minute, with a hard testa, oily albumen, and -undivided embryo.—Genera 2, Species 4. (<i>CYTINACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Ovary 1-celled, with usually 4 slightly projecting parietal placentas.<br /> -Ovules inverted. Anthers affixed beneath the thickened apex of the -staminal column, opening by transverse slits. Perianth-segments free.<br /> -Flowers solitary.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under<br /> -<i>Apodanthes</i> Poiteau). [Tribe APODANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pilostyles</b> Guill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary more or less completely 6- or more-celled; placentas parietal, but -much projecting, sometimes uniting in the middle. Ovules straight.<br /> -Anthers laterally affixed to the thickened apex of the staminal column, -opening by longitudinal slits. Perianth-segments united below. Flowers -in spikes, racemes, or panicles.—Species 3. North and South Africa and<br /> -Madagascar. They have edible fruits and are used medicinally. [Tribe<br /> -CYTINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cytinus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_65">FAMILY 65.</a> HYDNORACEAE</p> - -<p>Fleshy, herbaceous, leafless root-parasites with a creeping root-stock. -Flowers solitary, regular, hermaphrodite. Perianth simple, fleshy, -tubular, with 3-4 (very rarely 5) valvate segments. Stamens as many as -and alternate with the perianth-segments, inserted in the tube; -filaments united; anther-cells numerous, linear, opening by longitudinal -slits. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with many placentas hanging down from -the top of the cell. Stigma sessile. Fruit succulent. Seeds with a hard -testa, copious albumen, and undivided embryo. (Under <i>CYTINACEAE</i>).</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 8. Tropical and South Africa. Some are edible or -used for tanning.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydnora</b> Thunb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER POLYGONALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_66">FAMILY 66.</a> POLYGONACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, undivided or pinnately cleft, provided at the base -with a stem-clasping sheath. Flowers regular. Perianth-segments 3-6. -Stamens 4-50. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1. Styles 2-4, free or -united at the base. Fruit a nut. Seed with an abundant, mealy albumen -and a usually lateral embryo.—Genera 9, species 120. (Plate 39.)<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_178">{178}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -1. Stamens as many as perianth-segments, 6, rarely 4; occasionally fewer than -perianth-segments, and then stamens 4-5 and perianth-segments 5-6 -in the male, 6 in the female flowers; in this case stem herbaceous and -flowers monoecious. [Subfamily <b>RUMICOIDEAE</b>, Tribe RUMICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than perianth-segments, rarely equal in number, but then 5.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs with hermaphrodite or polygamous flowers, or -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Perianth at the time of maturity firm, tubular, tightly clasping the fruit.<br /> -Flowers unisexual. Annual herbs.—Species 2. North and South<br /> -Africa, also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Emex</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth at the time of maturity more or less membranous, not tubular and -not clasping the fruit very tightly.—Species 45. Some are used as -vegetables, for tanning and dyeing, or in medicine. “Dock.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rumex</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Seed with ruminate albumen. Shrubs with 5, 7-10, or 20-50 stamens.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>COCCOLOBOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Seed with homogeneous albumen. Herbs or undershrubs, more rarely -shrubs with 6 or 12-18 stamens. [Subfamily <b>POLYGONOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments 4 or 6, the outer deciduous. Stamens<br /> -20-50. Erect shrubs or trees.—Species 1. West Africa. [Tribe<br /> -TRIPLARIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symmeria</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments 5, united at the base into a -tube becoming two-winged in fruit. Stamens 5-10. Mostly climbing, -tendril-bearing plants.—Species 3. West Africa. [Tribe COCCOLOBEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brunnichia</b> Banks<br /> -<br /> -5. Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves small. Stamens 6 or 12-18. Filaments -united at the base. [Tribe ATRAPHAXIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Stamens 8, more rarely<br /> -5-7. Filaments free, but sometimes inserted on a ring-shaped disc.<br /> -[Tribe POLYGONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth-segments 4, the inner much enlarged in fruit. Stamens 6, the -outer with a callosity at the base. Stigmas 2. Fruit glabrous. Embryo -lateral. Leaves ovate or orbicular.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atraphaxis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments 5-6, not enlarged in fruit. Stamens 12-18, with<br /> -a hairy appendage at the base. Stigmas 4. Fruit bristly. Embryo -axile. Leaves linear or subulate.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calligonum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. Perianth-segments of the hermaphrodite and female flowers united below -into a narrow tube. Flowers polygamous.—Species 17. Central and<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as vegetables and for making bread.<br /> -(Including <i>Raphanopsis</i> Welw.) (Plate 39.) Oxygonum Burch.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments not united below into a narrow tube.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Seed with broad, folded cotyledons. Perianth shorter than the fruit.<br /> -Leaves cordate.—Species 1 (<i>F. esculentum</i> Moench, buckwheat).<br /> -Cultivated as a cereal or fodder-plant. (Under <i>Polygonum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fagopyrum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_39" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_039.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_039.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>POLYGONACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 39.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. and Steud.) Benth. and Hook.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Fruiting plant. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_40" style="width: 336px;"> -<a href="images/plt_040.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_040.jpg" width="336" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CHENOPODIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 40.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Traganum nudatum Del.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Part of a fruiting branch,. <i>C</i> End of a -branch. <i>D</i> Flower with bracts and bracteoles. <i>E</i> Flower cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_179">{179}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Seed with narrow, not folded cotyledons.—Species 50. Some are poisonous, -others serve as ornamental, medicinal, or fodder-plants, or yield -tanning and dyeing materials.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polygonum</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER CENTROSPERMAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CHENOPODIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_67">FAMILY 67.</a> CHENOPODIACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem erect, ascending, or prostrate. Leaves exstipulate, sometimes -wanting. Flowers inconspicuous, greenish. Perianth simple, of 1-5 -imbricate segments, herbaceous or membranous, persistent, rarely -wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer, -inserted on the receptacle or the base of the perianth. Anthers attached -by the back, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits, curved -inwards in the bud. Ovary superior, rarely (<i>Beta</i>) half-inferior, -1-celled. Ovule 1, on a basal funicle, curved. Stigmas 2-5. Fruit -dehiscing by a lid or indehiscent. Seed with a curved, peripheral -embryo.—Genera 26, species 120. (<i>SALSOLACEAE.</i>) (Plate 40.)</p> - -<p> -1. Embryo spiral. Albumen wanting or separated in two parts by the embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Embryo more or less ring- or horseshoe-shaped or folded together. Albumen -wholly or partly enclosed by the embryo, rarely wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -2. Bracteoles small, scale-like. Perianth herbaceous or fleshy. Stigmas -thread-shaped, papillose all round. Leaves glabrous, fleshy.—Species<br /> -10. Some are used as vegetables or for making soda. (Including<br /> -<i>Chenopodina</i> Moq., <i>Lerchia</i> Hall., <i>Schanginia</i> C. A. Mey., <i>Schoberia</i> C. A.<br /> -Mey., and <i>Sevada</i> Moq.) [Tribe SUAEDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Suaeda</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles equalling or exceeding the perianth. Perianth usually membranous.<br /> -Stigmas papillose on the inside. Leaves usually hairy.<br /> -[Tribe SALSOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Seed horizontal. Disc usually inconspicuous. [Subtribe <small>SODINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Seed vertical. Disc usually lobed. [Subtribe <small>ANABASINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Perianth 5-lobed, hardening to the top and wingless in the fruit. Filaments -flattened. Disc inconspicuous. Embryo in a conical spiral. Shrubs -with continuous branches and alternate leaves.—Species 2. North<br /> -Africa to the Sahara. (Plate 40.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Traganum</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth 4-5-parted or of 4-5 free segments, not hardening or at the -base only and furnished with a horizontal wing in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Branches jointed. Leaves scale-like, opposite, connate in pairs. Shrubs.<br /> -Perianth-segments free. Anthers blunt. Disc lobed, enlarged in the -fruit. Embryo in a flat spiral.—Species 2. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haloxylon</b> Bunge<br /> -<br /> -Branches continuous. Disc usually inconspicuous.—Species 20. Some -of them are used as vegetables or in medicine or furnish soda. “Saltwort.”<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_180">{180}</a></span>(Including <i>Caroxylon</i> Thunb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salsola</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth of 2 inner and 3 outer segments of which two are in front and one -behind. Fruiting perianth winged, not hardened. Seed compressed -dorsally. Flowers solitary, more rarely in clusters, and then branches -jointed and leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 3 inner and 2 outer segments of which one is in front and one -behind. Fruiting perianth more or less hardened. Seed compressed -laterally. Branches continuous.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Branches jointed. Leaves opposite, sometimes reduced to scales. Filaments -awl-shaped. Style short.—Species 5. North Africa and<br /> -Nubia. Some yield soda or are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anabasis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Branches continuous. Leaves alternate. Spinous shrubs. Flowers solitary.<br /> -Filaments flattened; connective pointed. Style long. Pericarp -membranous.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Noaea</b> Moq.<br /> -<br /> -8. Perianth-segments united at the base, wingless in the fruit, but one of them -sometimes produced into a prickle. Style long. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments free, winged in the fruit, at least some of them. Style -short. Disc lobed. Leaves alternate. Flowers in clusters.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Leaves opposite. Flowers in pairs, hermaphrodite. Disc indistinct.—Species<br /> -1. Sahara.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nucularia</b> Battand.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Flowers in clusters, polygamous. Disc lobed.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa and Northern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cornulaca</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -10. Inner perianth-segments not winged in the fruit. Stamens with a 2-lobed -connective. Shrubs.—Species 1. North Africa. (Under <i>Halogeton</i><br /> -C. A. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agathophora</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Inner and outer perianth-segments winged in the fruit. Stamens with<br /> -a blunt connective. Herbs.—Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria).<br /> -Used as a vegetable or for making soda.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halogeton</b> C. A. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -11. (1.) Branches more or less distinctly jointed. Leaves little developed, -glabrous. Flowers in clusters, usually of 3, arising in the axils of -scale-like bracts or apparently sunk in hollows of the rachis and collected -in cone-shaped inflorescences. Stamens 1-2. [Tribe<br /> -SALICORNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Branches continuous. Leaves well developed, usually hairy. Flowers -solitary or in clusters, more rarely in spike-like inflorescences. Stamens<br /> -3-5, more rarely 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -12. Bracts and upper leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Bracts and upper leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -13. Perianth slightly flattened from the side, 4-5-toothed, surrounded by a -wing-like border. Stamens 2. Ovule with a short funicle. Micropyle -of the ovule and radicle of the embryo inferior. Low shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. North-West Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kalidium</b> Moq.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth flattened from the back, 3-toothed, without a wing-like border.<br /> -Ovule with a long funicle. Micropyle and radicle superior or ascending.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_181">{181}</a></span>2. North Africa to Nubia. Yield soda.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halopeplis</b> Bunge<br /> -<br /> -14. Bracts free, peltate, deciduous. Perianth 3-parted. Stamen 1, inserted -in front. Ovule on a long, curved, almost ring-shaped funicle. Micropyle -and radicle superior. Shrubs.—Species 1. North Africa -to Eritrea. Yields soda.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halocnemum</b> Marsch. Bieb.<br /> -<br /> -Bracts united, persistent; flower-clusters apparently sunk in hollows of -the branch-joints. Perianth 3-4-toothed or -cleft. Stamen 1, -inserted behind, or stamens 2. Ovule on a short funicle. Micropyle -and radicle inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Seed smooth or tubercled; embryo curved; albumen abundant, lateral.<br /> -Stamens 2. Stigmas 2. Shrubs.—Species 3. North and Central<br /> -Africa. They yield soda and are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arthrocnemum</b> Moq.<br /> -<br /> -Seed hairy; embryo folded together; albumen scanty and central or -wanting.—Species 4. Sea-coasts. They yield soda and are used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salicornia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers unisexual, sometimes intermixed with a few hermaphrodite, of -two kinds, the male and hermaphrodite with a 3-5-parted perianth and -without bracteoles, the female without a perianth, but with 2 sometimes -united or 2-parted bracteoles. Stamens 3-5. Leaves glabrous, -mealy or cottony, usually hastate. [Tribe ATRIPLICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, sometimes intermixed with similar unisexual -ones, all with 4-5 perianth-segments.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -17. Bracteoles small, narrow, free, unchanged in the fruiting stage, not enclosing -the fruit. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 5. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa and St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Exomis</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles large, broad, usually united and hardening, completely enclosing -the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Bracteoles united nearly to the top, hardened in the fruit and sometimes -prolonged into 2-4 prickles. Flowers dioecious. Stigmas 4-5. Stem -and leaves glabrous. Herbs.—Species 1 (<i>S. oleracea</i> L., spinach).<br /> -Cultivated in the extra-tropical regions. It serves as a vegetable; -the seeds are sometimes used for making bread.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spinacia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles free and herbaceous, or more or less united, but not nearly to -the top, and at length hardened. Stigmas 2-3. Stem and leaves -clothed, when young, with bladdery hairs, afterwards mostly with a close -minute whitish pubescence.—Species 20. Some are used as vegetables, -for making soda, in medicine, or as ornamental plants. “Orache.” (Including<br /> -<i>Obione</i> Gaertn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atripex</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -19. Ovary half-inferior. Perianth-segments connivent in the fruit. Fruit -dehiscing by a lid. Herbs with a fleshy taproot. Bracteoles usually -present.—Species 3. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands; one of -them (<i>B. vulgaris</i> L., beet) also cultivated in South Africa and Madagascar.<br /> -The latter species yields sugar, vegetables, fodder, and a -substitute for coffee and tobacco. [Tribe BETEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Beta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior. Fruit indehiscent, rarely dehiscing by a lid, but then<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_182">{182}</a></span>perianth-segments spreading in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Flowers with bracteoles, solitary. Perianth membranous, unchanged in -the fruit; segments erect. Stigmas 2. Ovule on a long funicle.<br /> -Pericarp membranous. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves subulate, -rigid, pungent.—Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria). [Tribe<br /> -POLYCNEMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycnemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without bracteoles.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Perianth 4-5-lobed, membranous. Leaves narrow, clothed with thin -hairs. [Tribe CAMPHOROSMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -Perianth 5-parted, rarely 4-parted or 5-lobed, more or less herbaceous.<br /> -Leaves usually broad and clothed with bladdery hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -22. Perianth unequally 4-toothed, scarcely changed in the fruit. Stamens<br /> -4. Seed erect. Embryo horseshoe-shaped. Flowers in spikes. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camphorosma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth 5-toothed, 5-lobed, or 5-cleft. Stamens 5. Seed nearly always -horizontal. Embryo ring-shaped. Flowers solitary or in clusters, -in the axils of the leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Fruiting perianth unchanged and unappendaged. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -3. North and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chenolea</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting perianth winged, gibbous, or prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Fruiting perianth gibbous or prickly.—Species 2. North Africa. (<i>Echinopsilon</i><br /> -Moq., under <i>Chenolea</i> Thunb. or <i>Kochia</i> Roth).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bassia</b> All.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting perianth with one or several wings.—Species 3. South Africa to<br /> -Hereroland and North Africa to Nubia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kochia</b> Roth<br /> -<br /> -25. Fruit not enclosed in the perianth, dehiscing with a lid. Perianth-segments -spreading, linear-oblong. Stamens 5, much shorter than the perianth.<br /> -Stigmas 2, short. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, entire, glabrous.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 1. North-West Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oreobliton</b> Durieu & Moq.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit wholly or partly enclosed in the perianth, indehiscent. Leaves -usually broad, toothed, and mealy or glandular-hairy.—Species 25.<br /> -Some of them yield edible seeds, dyes, and medicaments, or are used as -vegetables or ornamental plants; several are poisonous. “Goosefoot.”<br /> -(Including <i>Blitum</i> L. and <i>Roubieva</i> Moq.) [Tribe CHENOPODIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chenopodium</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_68">FAMILY 68.</a> AMARANTACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves without stipules. Perianth more or less dry, simple, of 1-5 -imbricate segments. Stamens as many as and opposite the -perianth-segments or fewer. Anthers attached by the back, opening -inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules -erect or suspended from a basal funicle, curved. Fruit dehiscing by a -lid or indehiscent. Embryo surrounding the mealy albumen.—Genera 32, -species 200. (Plate 41.)<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_183">{183}</a></span></p> - -<p> -1. Anthers 1-celled. Ovule 1. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Inflorescences head-or shortly spike-shaped. [Subfamily <b>GOMPHRENCIDEAE</b>, -tribe GOMPHRENEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. [Subfamily <b>AMARANTOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Stigma 1, capitate. Fertile stamens alternating with staminodes.—Species<br /> -7. Some are used as ornamental plants, others are noxious -weeds. (Including <i>Telanthera</i> R. Br.) [Subtribe <small>FROEHLICHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alternanthera</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 2-4, subulate. [Subtribe <small>GOMPHRENINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Filaments entire.—Species 1. Central Africa. (<i>Philoxerus</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iresine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments fringed, toothed, or 3-parted.—Species 1. Tropical and South<br /> -East Africa. A weed, sometimes used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gomphrena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovule 1. [Tribe AMARANTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more, very rarely ovule 1, erect; in this case filaments united -below into a membranous tube and flowers hermaphrodite. [Tribe<br /> -CELOSIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovule erect. Radicle of the embryo descending. Filaments free or united -in a ring at the base. Flowers unisexual, polygamous, or hermaphrodite -but intermixed with sterile ones. Leaves alternate. [Subtribe <small>AMARANTINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous. Radicle of the embryo ascending. [Subtribe <small>ACHYRANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth spreading. Filaments united at the base. Stigmas 3. Fruit a -berry. Shrubs. Flowers polygamous, in spikes or racemes.—Species<br /> -1. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bosia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth erect. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers unisexual or polygamous; no sterile ones. Filaments free.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them have edible seeds or are used as vegetables, -in medicine or as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Albersia</i> Kunth, <i>Amblogyna</i><br /> -Rafin., and <i>Euxolus</i> Rafin.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amarantus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Partial inflorescences consisting of one fertile -and two sterile flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Sterile flowers comb-shaped. Filaments free. Style short; stigma 2-lobed.—Species<br /> -1. Tropical and North Africa. Used as a vegetable.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Digera</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Sterile flowers wing-shaped. Filaments united at the base. Style long; -stigmas 2.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleuropterantha</b> Franch.<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers solitary in the axil of each bract.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in clusters of two or more; usually some of them sterile.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -10. Spurious staminodes (sterile processes) interposed between the fertile -stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_184">{184}</a></span>Spurious staminodes wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -11. Perianth densely covered with silky or woolly hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Perianth glabrous or scantily hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -12. Perianth-segments firmly leathery, silky-hairy, 3-nerved. Shrubs. Leaves -alternate, fleshy.—Species 1. South Africa to Damaraland. (Under<br /> -<i>Sericocoma</i> Fenzl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calicorema</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments more or less membranous.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Branches jointed. Leaves very small, opposite, ovate, acuminate. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Hereroland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arthraerua</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Branches continuous.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Perianth-segments silky, more or less thickened and hardened at the -base, 1-nerved. Flowers small. Ovary hairy. Stigma capitate.—Species<br /> -8. Southern and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sericocoma</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments woolly, not thickened. Flowers very small, in dense -spikes.—Species 10. Some are used as vegetables or as ornamental -plants. (<i>Ouret</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aerva</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -15. Spurious staminodes minute, narrow, acute, unappendaged. Perianth-segments -brownish-red, stiff-leathery, large, oblong, 3-nerved. Inflorescence -head-like, ovoid. Leaves usually alternate. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Angola and Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mechowia</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Spurious staminodes more or less quadrate, fringed or appendaged. Leaves -opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Spurious staminodes fringed below the top. Perianth-segments erect, -oblong, blunt, thickened below. Flowers erect, spicate. Leaves small, -sessile, linear-oblong. Herbs.—Species 1. Southern East Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Pandiaka</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argyrostachys</b> Lopr.<br /> -<br /> -Spurious staminodes fringed at the top or prolonged into appendages.<br /> -Perianth-segments pointed. Flowers usually bent downwards.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Perianth-segments red or yellow, elliptical, hardened at the base, faintly<br /> -1-5-nerved. Shrubs or undershrubs.—Species 7. Central Africa to<br /> -Transvaal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centema</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments white, green or brown, lanceolate, stiff-leathery, -usually 3-ribbed.—Species 30. Some of them yield a substitute for -soap or are used in medicine. (Including <i>Achyropsis</i> Moq. and <i>Pandiaka</i><br /> -Moq.) (Plate 41.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achyranthes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -18. (10.) Stamens 1-2. Perianth-segments 3-5, membranous, woolly, 1-nerved.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nothosaerua</b> Wight<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Outer perianth-segments densely clothed with silky hairs, faintly 3-nerved.<br /> -Style slender. Shrubs.—Species 2. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chionothrix</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Outer perianth-segments glabrous or scantily hairy, with 3 strong ribs.<br /> -Flowers greenish.—Species 15. Central and South East Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Psilostachys</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psilotrichum</b> Blume<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_41" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_041.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_041.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>AMARANTACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 41.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Achyranthes angustifolia Benth.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Branch of the inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_42" style="width: 328px;"> -<a href="images/plt_042.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_042.jpg" width="328" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>NYCTAGINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 42.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Pisonia aculeata L.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Branch with inflorescences. <i>B</i> Male flower. <i>C</i> Female flower. <i>D</i> -Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Fruit cut lengthwise. <i>G</i> -Group of fruits.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_185">{185}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -20. (9.) Spurious staminodes interposed between the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Spurious staminodes none.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -21. Spurious staminodes small, entire. Ovary hairy. Either perianth clothed -with long silky hairs or leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -Spurious staminodes usually quadrate and fringed, more rarely narrow, -but then perianth not clothed with long silky hairs and leaves (as nearly -always) opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -22. Ovary with a horn-like appendage.—Species 6. South and Central Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Sericocoma</i> Fenzl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyphocarpa</b> Lopr.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary without a horn. (See 14.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sericocoma</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -23. Partial inflorescences consisting of 3 fertile flowers without sterile ones.<br /> -Perianth hairy. Erect shrubs.—Species 4. South and Central Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Sericocoma</i> Fenzl or <i>Cyphocarpa</i> Lopr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sericocomopsis</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Partial inflorescences consisting of fertile and sterile flowers, or of 2 fertile -ones only.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Stem woody, climbing. Leaves ovate. Sterile flowers reduced to long -tufts of hairs. Perianth glabrous. Spurious staminodes narrow, entire -or toothed.—Species 2. Equatorial regions (Uganda and Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sericostachys</b> Gilg & Lopr.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, erect or ascending. Sterile -flowers usually reduced to spines. Spurious staminodes usually broad -and fringed.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Perianth-segments thickened and hardening at the base, yellow or red.<br /> -(See 17.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centema</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments not hardening.—Species 15. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some are used in medicine. (<i>Desmochaeta</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyathula</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -26. (20.) Partial inflorescences consisting of 2 fertile flowers without sterile -ones, and arranged in globose heads. Perianth white, with silky hairs.<br /> -Ovary hairy. Shrubs.—Species 1. German South-West Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Marcellia</i> Baill., <i>Sericocomopsis</i> Schinz, or <i>Sericocoma</i> Fenzl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucosphaera</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Partial inflorescences consisting of fertile and sterile flowers, the latter -sometimes reduced to bristles or spines.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Perianth-segments thickened and hardened at the base, yellow or red.<br /> -Ovary glabrous. (See 17.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centema</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments not hardening.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Sterile flowers consisting of hooked spines.—Species 6. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pupalia</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Sterile flowers consisting of not hooked spines, bristles, or hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Partial inflorescences consisting of 2 fertile and 2 sterile flowers, the latter -reduced to bristles or spines. Ovary hairy. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -10. Southern West Africa to Namaland. (Under <i>Sericocoma</i><br /> -Fenzl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marcellia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Partial inflorescences consisting of 1-3 fertile and 4-6 sterile flowers.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_186">{186}</a></span>Ovary glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Partial inflorescences consisting of 1-3 fertile and 4-6 sterile flowers, the -latter reduced to branched spines. Collective inflorescence interrupted -below. Style very short. Herbs.—Species 2. South Africa and<br /> -German South-West Africa. (Under <i>Marcellia</i> Baill. or <i>Sericocoma</i><br /> -Fenzl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sericorema</b> Lopr.<br /> -<br /> -Partial inflorescences consisting of 3 fertile and 6 sterile flowers, the latter -reduced to long simple spines or bristles. Style thread-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Sterile flowers elongating in the fruit into yellow spines. Herbs.—Species<br /> -1. German East Africa. (Under <i>Marcellia</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kentrosphaera</b> Volk.<br /> -<br /> -Sterile flowers elongating in the fruit into yellow or brown, rather soft -bristles. Shrubs.—Species 3. East Africa. (Under <i>Marcellia</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dasysphaera</b> Volk.<br /> -<br /> -32. (4.) Perianth-segments spreading. Style short, with 2-4 stigmas. Fruit -succulent, baccate. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves ovate.—Species<br /> -1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Deeringia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-segments erect. Fruit dry.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Fruit opening lengthwise. Style very short, with 2-3 stigmas. Filaments -united at the base only. Leaves narrow. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Henonia</b> Moq.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by a lid. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Spurious staminodes longer than the stamens, 2-lobed. Style short.<br /> -Leaves narrow.—Species 10. South Africa and southern Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hermbstaedtia</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Spurious staminodes shorter than the stamens or wanting.—Species 30.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as vegetables or as textile, -ornamental, medicinal, or fodder-plants. (Including Lestiboudesia<br /> -Thou.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Celosia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER PHYTOLACCINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_69">FAMILY 69.</a> NYCTAGINACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers regular. Perianth simple, but -often surrounded by a calyx-like involucre, 3-6-lobed, valvate or folded -in the bud, persistent. Stamens with the filaments united below; -connective narrow; anthers opening laterally. Ovary superior, 1-celled. -Ovule 1, erect, inverted. Style 1, lateral. Fruit a nut, enclosed by the -enlarged and hardened perianth. Seed albuminous.—Genera 5, species 30. -(Plate 42.)</p> - -<p> -1. Seed with a straight embryo. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers -in corymbs, inconspicuous. Involucre consisting of 2-3 small bracts.<br /> -Perianth tubular or campanulate, 4-5-toothed. Stamens 5-15.—Species<br /> -6. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Plate 42.) [Tribe<br /> -PISONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pisonia</b> Plum.<br /> -<br /> -Seed with a curved embryo. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or trees, -but then leaves alternate or fascicled and flowers in fascicles. Stamens<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_187">{187}</a></span>1-10. [Tribe MIRABILEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Stem woody, spinous. Leaves alternate or fascicled. Flowers in fascicles.<br /> -Stamens 5-10, unequal. Ovary oblong. [Subtribe <small>BOUGAINVILLEINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, not spinous. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary ovoid or globose. [Subtribe <small>BOERHAVIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Clusters of flowers surrounded by an involucre of 3 large, coloured bracts.<br /> -Fruit not winged. Leaves scattered.—Species 1. Naturalized in the -tropics. Ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bougainvillea</b> Commers.<br /> -<br /> -Clusters of flowers without an involucre. Fruit winged. Leaves fascicled.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa, southern West Africa, and Madagascar.<br /> -(Including <i>Amphoranthus</i> S. Moore).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaeoptilon</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers large, surrounded by a calyx-like, 4-5-cleft involucre.—Species 1<br /> -(<i>M. Jalapa</i> L., marvel of Peru). Naturalized in various regions. An ornamental -and medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mirabilis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers surrounded singly or in clusters by some early deciduous bracts.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them are used as vegetables or in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boerhavia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_70">FAMILY 70.</a> CYNOCRAMBACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves undivided, stipulate, the lower opposite, the upper -alternate. Flowers monoecious, the male in groups of 2-4 opposite the -leaves, the female in axillary clusters of 3. Perianth of the male -flowers 2-3-parted, valvate in bud, of the female tubular, 2-4-toothed. -Stamens 10-30, free; anthers linear. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, -basal, curved, with the micropyle turned downwards. Style simple, basal. -Fruit a drupe. Seed with a curved embryo and cartilaginous albumen. -(<i>THELIGONACEAE</i>, under <i>CHENOPODIACEAE</i> or <i>URTICACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. North Africa. (<i>Theligonum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynocrambe</b> Gaertn.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_71">FAMILY 71.</a> PHYTOLACCACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, entire, without stipules. Flowers in racemes or -spikes, bracteolate. Perianth 4-5-parted, herbaceous or membranous, -coloured, imbricate in bud, persistent in fruit. Stamens 3-33, -hypogynous. Filaments free or united at the base. Anthers affixed at the -back, opening by two longitudinal slits. Carpels superior. Ovules -solitary in each ovary-cell or in each distinct carpel, basal, curved; -micropyle turned downwards and outwards. Seed with an annular embryo -surrounding the albumen.—Genera 5, species 15.</p> - -<p> -1. Style 1, undivided. Ovary 1-celled. Stamens 4. Anthers linear. Perianth<br /> -4-parted. Flowers in racemes. Leaves elliptical. Undershrubs.<br /> -[Tribe RIVINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2 or more, free or nearly so. Perianth neatly always 5-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers irregular. Fruit nearly dry. Species 1. Tropics. Used -medicinally. (<i>Mohlana</i> Mart.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hilleria</b> Vell.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular. Fruit succulent. Species 1. Naturalized in the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_188">{188}</a></span>tropics. Used as an ornamental and a dye-plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rivina</b> Plum.<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary solitary, 1-celled. Stamens 3-5. Anthers ovate or globose.<br /> -Flowers in spikes. Leaves linear.—Species 4. South Africa and -southern West Africa. (Including <i>Lophiocarpus</i> Turcz. and <i>Wallinia</i><br /> -Moq.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microtea</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Ovary solitary, 2-16-celled, or several separate ovaries. Stamens 6-33.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate, elliptical, or ovate. [Tribe PHYTOLACCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Carpels 2. Stamens numerous. Fruit dry, capsular. Climbing shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barbeuia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 5-16. Fruit succulent, baccate.—Species 8, five of them -spontaneous in tropical and South Africa, the others cultivated and -sometimes naturalized in various regions. They yield vegetables, -dyes (chiefly from <i>Ph. decandra</i> L.), a substitute for soap, and medicaments; -some are poisonous. “Poke.” (Including <i>Pircunia</i> Moq.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phytolacca</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_72">FAMILY 72.</a> AIZOACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. -Flowers regular. Perianth usually simple. Stamens 3 or more. Ovary -usually several-celled. Ovules curved or inverted. Fruit dry. Seeds with -a curved embryo and a usually mealy albumen.—Genera 20, species 480. -(<i>FICOIDEAE</i> or <i>MESEMBRIACEAE</i>). (Plate 43.)</p> - -<p> -1. Perianth divided to the base or nearly so, free from the ovary. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>MOLLUGINOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Perianth with a distinct tube sometimes adnate to the ovary, simple.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>FICOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary solitary, 1-celled. Ovule 1, suspended from a basal funicle. Style 1.<br /> -Stamens 5. Perianth simple. Flowers in panicles. Leaves whorled.—Species<br /> -7. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenogramma</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary solitary but 2- or more-celled, or several separate ovaries.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary 2-celled. Style 2-cleft. Inflorescence cymose. [Tribe LIMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-7-celled, or 3-5 separate ovaries.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Perianth of 4 thin-membranous, fringed segments, surrounded by bracts.<br /> -Stamens 4, much exceeding the perianth. Fruit capsular. Flowers in -false spikes. Leaves stipulate.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polpoda</b> Presl<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 5 herbaceous entire segments, to which 3-5 petals are sometimes -added. Stamens 5-10, not or scarcely exceeding the perianth.<br /> -Fruit separating in two nutlets. Leaves exstipulate.—Species 15.<br /> -South and Central Africa. (Including <i>Semonvillea</i> Gay).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limeum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Carpels separate. Ovules solitary. Perianth simple. Flowers in cymes.<br /> -Leaves opposite.—Species 5. Some of them are used as vegetables or in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Giesekia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_189">{189}</a></span>Carpels united in the ovarial portion.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary-cells one-ovuled. Stamens 5. Perianth simple. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -5. South Africa and southern West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psammatropha</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells several- or many-ovuled.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals or petaloid staminodes numerous, united at the base. Stamens -numerous. Flowers conspicuous. Leaves exstipulate, fleshy.—Species<br /> -1<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orygia</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Petals none, but the stamens sometimes intermixed with staminodes.<br /> -Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Styles linear or slightly club-shaped. Stipules membranous, entire.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Styles obovate or wedge-shaped. Stipules fringed or sheath-like.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovules with a long funicle. Seeds crowned by an appendage of the funicle.<br /> -Pericarp firm.—Species 3. Used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules with a short funicle. Seeds without an appendage of the funicle.<br /> -Pericarp thin. Stamens 3-10. Glabrous herbs with narrow leaves.—Species<br /> -10. Tropical and South Africa. Some species are used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mollugo</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. Disc cup-shaped, lobed or divided. Stamens 3-5. Stipules fringed.—Species<br /> -17. South Africa, Madagascar, St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pharnaceum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc none. Stipules sheath-like. Leaves thread-shaped.—Species 4.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyperstelis</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -11. (1.) Ovary superior. Petals none.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior. [Tribe MESEMBRIANTHEMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -12. Fruit transversely dehiscent, circumscissile. Leaves opposite. [Tribe<br /> -SESUVIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Fruit longitudinally dehiscent, loculicidal or septicidal. [Tribe AIZOEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -13. Ovary 1-2-celled. Ovules solitary or few, basal or subbasal. Pericarp -thick in the upper part. Seed-coat wrinkled.—Species 10. Some of -them are used as vegetables or in medicine. (Plate 43.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trianthema</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-5- rarely 2-celled. Ovules numerous, axile. Pericarp thin.<br /> -Seed-coat smooth. Flowers red.—Species 6. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some of them have edible seeds, or serve as vegetables. (Including<br /> -<i>Diplochonium</i> Fenzl and <i>Halimus</i> Rumph.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sesuvium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. Stamens 4-5. Ovary-cells and styles 3.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled. Filaments long. Fruit roundish. Shrubs with -silky hairs. Leaves all cauline, opposite or alternate, imbricate, triangular-ovate, -without stipules. Flowers axillary, yellowish.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plinthus</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells several-ovuled. Filaments short. Fruit linear-oblong. Glabrous -herbs. Radical leaves lanceolate to ovate, with fringed stipules; -cauline leaves whorled, filiform. Flowers in cymes, whitish-green.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_190">{190}</a></span>2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coelanthum</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -16. Stamens numerous. Ovary 4-5-celled. Styles 4-5. Ovules 2 or more -in each cell. Flowers yellow.—Species 12. Some of them have edible -seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aizoon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-10, rarely more, but then ovary 2-celled and styles 2. Ovules<br /> -1 or 2 in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Stamens 10 or more. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2. Ovules basal. Stem -glabrous.—Species 4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrosanthes</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8, rarely 10, but then ovary 3-5-celled, styles 3-5, and stem -hairy or warty. Ovules pendulous, 1 in each cell.—Species 20. South<br /> -Africa to Angola.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galenia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -18. (11.) Petals (or petaloid staminodes) numerous. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Ovary 4-20-celled, with many basal or parietal ovules. Fruit a -capsule.—Species 330. Some of them have edible fruits or seeds or -serve as vegetables, as ornamental or medicinal plants, or for making -soda.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mesembrianthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals (or petaloid staminodes) none. Ovary 2-8-celled with one pendulous -ovule in each cell, or ovary 1-celled. Fruit a nut or drupe.<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Ovary 1-celled. Styles 4, two of them shorter than the others and without<br /> -a stigma.—Species 1. South-west Africa (Namaland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisostigma</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-8-, very rarely 1-celled. Styles as many as ovary-cells.—Species<br /> -35. Southern and Central Africa. One species (<i>T. expansa</i> Murr., New<br /> -Zealand spinach) is cultivated as a vegetable in various regions.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetragonia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER PORTULACINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_73">FAMILY 73.</a> PORTULACACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Flowers regular or nearly so, -hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, free or united at the base, imbricate in the -bud. Petals 4-6, free or united at the base, falling off very early. -Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, or fewer, or more numerous. -Ovary usually superior and 1-celled. Ovules basal or affixed to a free -central placenta, curved, the micropyle lateral or inferior. Style -2-8-cleft or parted, rarely (<i>Portulaca</i>) undivided. Fruit a capsule or -a nut. Seeds albuminous; embryo more or less curved.—Genera 6, species -35. (Plate 44.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by a -lid.—Species 12. Some are used as vegetables, fodder-, medicinal, or -ornamental plants. “Purslane.” [Tribe PORTULACEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Portulaca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior. Fruit dehiscing by valves or indehiscent. [Tribe CALANDRINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style-branches 2. Stamens -numerous. Shrubs.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Talinella</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled with 1, 3, or many ovules. Style-branches 3.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_43" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_043.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_043.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>AIZOACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 43.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Trianthema pentandrum L.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Mericarp cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_44" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_044.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_044.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PORTULACACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 44.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Talinum cuneifolium Willd.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit. <i>D</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_191">{191}</a></span></p> - -<p> -3. Ovule 1. Stamens 4-7. Petals reddish. Fruit indehiscent. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa. Used as ornamental or fodder-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Portulacaria</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more. Stamens 3 or 8-30. Fruit 3-valved. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovules 3. Stamens 3. Corolla 5-cleft, slightly irregular, white. Calyx -persistent.—Species 1. North Africa and subantarctic islands. Used -as a vegetable.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Montia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous. Stamens 8-30. Corolla of 5 free or almost free -petals, regular. Calyx deciduous.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Stipules present, but sometimes reduced to a tuft of hairs. Embryo -slightly curved.—Species 15. South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anacampseros</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules absent. Embryo ring-shaped. Funicle of the seed with an -appendage.—Species 4. Central and South Africa. Used as vegetables.<br /> -(Plate 44.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Talinum</b> Adans.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_74">FAMILY 74.</a> BASELLACEAE</p> - -<p>Glabrous, twining herbs. Leaves alternate, broad, entire. Flowers in -spikes, racemes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, adnate to -the corolla at the base. Corolla 5-cleft or 5-parted, imbricate in the -bud, persistent. Stamens 5, opposite the corolla-lobes and affixed to -them at the base. Filaments straight or bent outwards in the bud. -Anthers 2-celled, turned outwards. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, -basal, curved; micropyle inferior. Style 3-partite. Fruit indehiscent. -Seed albuminous; embryo curved or spirally twisted.—Genera 2, species -4, Tropics. (Under <i>CHENOPODIACEAE</i> or <i>PORTULACACEAE.</i>)</p> - -<p> -Flowers sessile, in spikes or panicles. Filaments broadened below. Stigmas -entire. Pericarp membranous. Seed subglobose. Embryo spiral.—Species<br /> -3, two spontaneous in East Africa and Madagascar, the third -cultivated in various tropical countries. They are used as vegetables, -in medicine, and as dye-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Basella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers short-stalked, in racemes. Filaments thread-shaped. Stigmas -forked. Pericarp somewhat fleshy. Seed sublenticular. Embryo semicircular.—Species<br /> -1. Cultivated in various regions and naturalized in -the Mascarene Islands. Used as a vegetable or an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boussaingaultia</b> H. B. & K.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CARYOPHYLLINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_75">FAMILY 75.</a> CARYOPHYLLACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves undivided. Perianth usually -separated into calyx and corolla. Stamens 1-10. Ovary 1-celled or -incompletely 2-5-celled, superior, rarely (<i>Sclerocephalus</i>) -half-inferior. Ovules on<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_192">{192}</a></span> basal or central placentas, with a distinct -funicle, curved or inverted. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually -curved.—Genera 45, species 280. (Including <i>PARONYCHIEAE</i> or -<i>ILLECEBRACEAE</i>, <i>ALSINACEAE</i>, and <i>SILENACEAE</i>.) (Plate 45.)</p> - -<p> -1. Sepals free or united up to the insertion of the stamens. Petals not -distinctly clawed, sometimes wanting. Receptacle concave or small -and rather flat. [Subfamily <b>ALSINOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united beyond the insertion of the stamens. Petals present, usually -clawed. Receptacle stalk-like or small and flat. Styles free. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>SILENOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit indehiscent or irregularly bursting at the base, rarely at the top.<br /> -Ovule 1, rarely ovules 2, and then sepals 5. Petals usually scale-like or -wanting. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate; in the latter case -styles 2.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening from the top by teeth or valves. Ovules numerous, rarely 2, -and then sepals 4, very rarely ovule 1; in this case leaves exstipulate -and styles 3. Petals usually perfectly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers in clusters of 3, the middle one hermaphrodite, the side flowers male -or rudimentary. Stamens nearly hypogynous. Style 1. Ovule one.<br /> -Embryo almost straight. Leaves opposite, stipulate. [Tribe PTERANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Flowers all alike. Stamens perigynous.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens 2-3. Staminodes and petals absent. Sepals 5. Stigmas 3.<br /> -Clusters of flowers on a rather thin stalk, with entire involucral bracts.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicheranthus</b> Webb<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-5. Clusters of flowers with pinnately divided involucral -bracts. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Sepals 4. Petals and staminodes none. Stamens 4. Stigmas 2. Clusters -of flowers on a much broadened and hollow stalk.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pteranthus</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Petals or staminodes 5. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3. Clusters of -flowers on a rather thin stalk.—Species 1. Northern East Africa to<br /> -Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cometes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Leaves exstipulate. Petals none. Styles 2. Ovule 1. Herbs. Leaves -opposite.—Species 3. North Africa, Abyssinia, and South Africa.<br /> -[Tribe SCLERANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scleranthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate. [Tribe PARONYCHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2. Undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -8. Style-branches, stigmas, or stigma-lobes 2, very rarely 1, and then style -very short.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches, stigmas, or stigma-lobes 3, very rarely 1, but then style<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_193">{193}</a></span>elongated.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -9. Stem woody, shrubby, nodose. Bracts brown. Sepals mucronate.<br /> -Petals 5, thread-shaped. Style elongated. Stigmas 2.—Species 1.<br /> -Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lochia</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous, rarely woody at the base; in the latter case sepals -obtuse.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers in globose heads; involucre becoming prickly. Sepals prickly -beneath the tip. Petals wanting. Ovary adnate below to the calyx-tube.<br /> -Fruit bursting at the top.—Species 1. North Africa and<br /> -Cape Verde Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerocephalus</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in fascicles; involucre not prickly. Petals thread-shaped or -wanting. Ovary free.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Sepals blunt, green. Style very short; stigmas 2. Embryo curved.<br /> -Stipules small.—Species 10. North and South Africa, Abyssinia,<br /> -Cape Verde Islands. Some are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Herniaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals more or less hooded, with a dorsal point beneath the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Seed with a straight embryo. Stigma 1, entire or 2-lobed, nearly sessile.<br /> -Stamens 5. Petals thread-shaped. Sepals white. Leaves in false -whorls; stipules very small.—Species 1. North-west Africa. Used -in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Illecebrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seed with a curved embryo. Stigma 1, two-lobed, or more frequently -stigmas 2. Stipules large or rather large.—Species 15. North Africa -and northern Central Africa. Some are used in medicine or yield a -substitute for tea.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paronychia</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -13. Sepals awned. Petals awl-shaped. Style long, with 3 stigmas. Low -shrubs with knotty branches. Leaves narrow.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnocarpos</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals blunt. Petals scale-like. Style long with 1 stigma, or short with<br /> -3 stigmas. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Style long, with 1 stigma. Leaves whorled, obovate.—Species 1. Island -of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haya</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Style short, with 3 stigmas. Leaves opposite or alternate, narrow.—Species<br /> -3. North and South Africa and mountains of East Africa and<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corrigiola</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -15. (7.) Petals 5. Stamens 5. Embryo curved. Leaves linear, fleshy.—Species<br /> -1. Nubia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaerocoma</b> Anders.<br /> -<br /> -Petals none. Stamens 1-2. Embryo straight or almost so. Leaves -lanceolate, flat.—Species 2. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pollichia</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -16. (2.) Styles united below. [Tribe POLYCARPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Styles free from the base.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -17. Sepals 4, concave, minutely toothed. Petals none. Stamens 3. Ovules -few. Style short; stigmas 2. Flowers solitary, axillary, with two -bracteoles. Leaves very small, densely crowded.—Species 1. Island -of Kerguelen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lyallia</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_194">{194}</a></span>Sepals 5. Stamens 3-5. Ovules numerous. Stigmas 3 or 1.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Petals none. Sepals keeled, entire. Stamens 3. Leaves linear. Stipules -dark red at the base.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ortegia</b> Loefl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Petals 2-parted.—Species 1. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drymaria</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Petals entire, notched, or 2-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Sepals with a tooth on each side. Leaves awl-shaped. Stipules cut up -into bristles.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Loeflingia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals entire.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Sepals keeled. Style short, 3-cleft.—Species 6. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycarpon</b> Loefl.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals rounded on the back. Style long or rather long.—Species 25.<br /> -Some are used medicinally. (<i>Polycarpia</i> Webb, <i>Polia</i> Lour., including<br /> -<i>Robbairea</i> Boiss.) (Plate 45.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycarpaea</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -22. (16.) Leaves with scarious stipules. Ovules numerous. [Tribe SPERGULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Leaves without stipules. [Tribe ALSINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -23. Ovary incompletely 3-celled. Ovules basal. Styles 3. Stamens 5.<br /> -Flowers white. Leaves oblong or ovate.—Species 5. North Africa and<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Telephium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 1-celled. Ovules central. Flowers in raceme-like -cymes. Leaves linear or subulate.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Styles and fruit-valves 3.—Species 10. North and South Africa, Abyssinia.<br /> -Some are used medicinally. (<i>Lepigonum</i> Fries, <i>Tissa</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spergularia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Styles and fruit-valves 5.—Species 4. North Africa; also naturalized in<br /> -Central and South Africa. Used as fodder. “Spurry.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spergula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -25. Ovule 1. Styles 3. Stamens 10. Petals none, but usually 5 thread-like -scales opposite the sepals. Fruit 3-valved to the middle. Leaves -subulate. Flowers in clusters consisting of fertile and sterile flowers.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Queria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more, rarely (<i>Buffonia</i>) 2.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Petals 2-parted, 2-cleft, or distinctly notched. Flowers solitary or in -panicle-like cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Petals entire, minutely toothed, obscurely notched, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -27. Fruit globose. Styles 2-3, rarely 4-5, alternating with the sepals.—Species<br /> -6. Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics.<br /> -Some are used medicinally. “Stitchwort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stellaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit cylindrical. Styles 5, rarely 3-4, opposite the sepals.—Species 20.<br /> -Extra-tropical regions and mountains of the tropics. Some are used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cerastium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -28. Petals minutely toothed. Styles 3. Ovules numerous. Fruit cylindrical.<br /> -Seeds peltate, compressed dorsally. Flowers in umbel-like cymes.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holosteum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_195">{195}</a></span>Petals entire, slightly notched, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Styles as many as the sepals, 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -Styles fewer than the sepals, 2-4, very rarely 5.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -30. Styles opposite the sepals. Stamens 8. Fruit opening at the top by 8 -recurved teeth. Leaves lanceolate.—Species 1. North Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Cerastium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moenchia</b> Ehrh.<br /> -<br /> -Styles alternating with the sepals. Stamens 4, 5, or 10. Fruit opening -to the base in 4-5 valves.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Stamens as many as and alternating with the sepals. Petals none.—Species<br /> -2. Subantarctic islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colobanthus</b> Bartl.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as and opposite the sepals, or twice as many. Leaves -subulate.—Species 7. North Africa, high mountains of Central Africa -and subantarctic islands. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Pearlwort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sagina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -32. Styles 2. Ovules 2-4. Stamens 2-4. Sepals 4. Fruit opening to the -base in 2 valves. Seeds 1-2. Leaves subulate.—Species 5. North-west<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buffonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 3-5, rarely 2, but then (as usually) ovules more than 4. Sepals -nearly always 5.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Valves of the fruit entire, as many as styles.—Species 8. North Africa -and northern East Africa. (Including <i>Minuartia</i> L., under <i>Arenaria</i> L.) Alsine Wahlenb.<br /> -<br /> -Valves of the fruit 2-toothed or 2-parted; in the latter case apparently -twice as many as styles.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Seeds with an appendage at the hilum. Flowers white.—Species 2.<br /> -North-west Africa. (Under <i>Arenaria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moehringia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an appendage. Stamens 10.—Species 10. North Africa -and northern Central Africa. “Sandwort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arenaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -35. (1.) Calyx with an odd number of ribs. Petals usually with contorted -aestivation. Styles or stigmas 2. [Tribe DIANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with an even number of ribs. Petals usually with quincuncially-imbricate -aestivation. Styles or stigmas 3-5. [Tribe LYCHNIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -36. Calyx with scarious stripes between the lobes and with 5-35 ribs.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -Calyx without scarious stripes, with 15-55 ribs.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -37. Seeds peltate; embryo nearly straight. Leaves linear.—Species 2.<br /> -North Africa. (Including <i>Dianthella</i> Clauson).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tunica</b> Scop.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds reniform; embryo curved. Leaves lanceolate, oblong, elliptical, -or ovate.—Species 2. North-east Africa to the Island of Socotra. The -roots are used in medicine and as a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gypsophila</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -38. Petals with scales at the base of the blade, which are sometimes reduced to -hairs. Calyx not surrounded by bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -Petals without scales at the base of the blade, but usually with a winged<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_196">{196}</a></span>claw.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -39. Flowers small. Calyx tubular, 15-ribbed. Petals notched; scales small -or reduced to hairs. Stamens 5-10. Fruit linear. Seeds with an -anterior hilum and a straight embryo. Leaves linear.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Velezia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers rather large. Calyx 15-25-ribbed. Petals with wing-like outgrowths -on the claw and with scales at the base of the blade. Stamens<br /> -10. Seeds with a lateral hilum and a curved embryo. Leaves lanceolate.—Species<br /> -4. North Africa. They are used as ornamental or medicinal -plants and yield also a substitute for soap. “Soapwort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saponaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -40. Calyx ventricose, acutely angled, with 15-25 ribs, not surrounded by -bracts. Petals minutely toothed. Fruit ovoid. Seeds with a lateral -hilum and a curved embryo.—Species 1. North Africa. The roots -are used as a substitute for soap. (Under <i>Saponaria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vaccaria</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx tubular, with 35-55 ribs, surrounded by two or more bracts at -the base. Seeds with an anterior hilum and a straight embryo.—Species<br /> -25. North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa.<br /> -Many of them are used as ornamental plants or for the preparation of -perfumes. “Pink.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dianthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -41. (35.) Styles 5, alternating with the sepals. Ovary and fruit completely<br /> -1-celled. Petals without scales at the base of the blade.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -Styles 5, opposite the sepals, or 3-4. Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -42. Petals with a two-winged claw. Stamens 10. Styles hairy. Ovules -numerous.—Species 1. North Africa, also introduced into South<br /> -Africa. The seeds are poisonous and used in medicine. “Corncockle.”<br /> -(<i>Githago</i> Desfont., under <i>Lychnis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agrostemma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a wingless claw. Stamens 5. Styles glabrous. Ovules few.—Species<br /> -3. Northern East Africa and Cameroons.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uebelinia</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -43. Ovary and fruit completely 1-celled. Calyx more or less inflated, 10-20-ribbed.<br /> -Petals with scales at the base of the blade. Fruit opening by<br /> -6-10 teeth. Seeds tubercled.—Species 6. North-west and South<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants, or as a substitute for soap.<br /> -(Under <i>Lychnis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melandryum</b> Roehl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit divided into cells at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Fruit a berry. Calyx shortly and widely bell-shaped. Petals greenish-white, -with a recurved 2-cleft blade provided with two scales at its base.<br /> -Styles 3. Stem climbing. Leaves ovate or oblong.—Species 1.<br /> -North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cucubalus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule, opening by 6 or more teeth.—Species 75. North and South<br /> -Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as a substitute -for soap, as vegetables, in medicine or as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Eudianthe</i> Rohrb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Silene</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_45" style="width: 318px;"> -<a href="images/plt_045.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_045.jpg" width="318" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CARYOPHYLLACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 45.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Polycarpaea linearifolia DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit. <i>D</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_46" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_046.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_046.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RANUNCULACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 46.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Anemone vesicatoria (L. f.) Prantl</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_197">{197}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="ORDER_RANALES"></a>ORDER RANALES</h2> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER NYMPHAEINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_76">FAMILY 76.</a> NYMPHAEACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs. Leaves floating, undivided, usually peltate. Flowers -solitary. Sepals 3 or more. Petals 3 or more. Stamens numerous. Anthers -opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels 6 or more, distinct or -united below into a many-celled ovary. Stigmas free or partly united. -Fruit indehiscent or bursting irregularly. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 3, -species 20.</p> - -<p> -1. Carpels separate, few-ovuled. Sepals 3. Petals 3. Flowers red, axillary.<br /> -Leaves ovate, without stipules.—Species 1. Southern West Africa<br /> -(Angola). Used medicinally. (<i>Hydropeltis</i> Michx.) [Subfamily <b>CABOMBOIDEAE.</b>]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brasenia</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels united, at least on the outside, many-ovuled. Sepals 4-5. Petals -numerous. [Subfamily <b>NYMPHAEOIDEAE.</b>]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Sepals 4. Ovary more or less free from the calyx, but adnate to the -corolla and the stamens. Seeds with an aril. Leaves with a stipule.<br /> -Leaf- and flower-stalks with 4-7 large air-canals.—Species 20. Used as -ornamental and fodder-plants; the root-stock and the seeds are -edible and yield a drink, medicaments, and a dye. “Water-lily.”<br /> -(<i>Castalia</i> Salisb.) [Tribe TETRASEPALEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nymphaea</b> Smith<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Petals smaller. Flowers yellow. Ovary free. Seeds without -an aril. Leaves without stipules. Leaf- and flower-stalks with many -small air-canals.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as -ornamental plants, as fodder, and for the preparation of a drink. (<i>Nymphaea</i><br /> -Salisb.) [Tribe NUPHAREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nuphar</b> Smith<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_77">FAMILY 77.</a> CERATOPHYLLACEAE</p> - -<p>Branched submerged aquatic herbs. Leaves whorled, deeply divided into -forked, linear segments. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of -the leaves, without bracteoles, unisexual. Perianth simple; segments -9-12, subequal, united at the base, greenish or whitish. Stamens 12-16, -inserted upon a convex receptacle; anthers opening outwards. Ovary -superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, straight. Style simple; stigma -entire, grooved. Fruit a nut. Seed with a thin albumen; embryo with a -large, many-leaved plumule.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 3.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratophyllum</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER RANUNCULINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_78">FAMILY 78.</a> RANUNCULACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves usually divided. Perianth simple -or consisting of a calyx and a corolla of free petals, hypogynous or -nearly so. Stamens usually numerous. Anthers opening by longitudinal -slits. Carpels<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_198">{198}</a></span> superior, solitary or separate, rarely (<i>Nigella</i>) -united. Ovules inverted. Seeds with a straight embryo and copious -albumen.—Genera 11, species 140. (Plate 46.)</p> - -<p> -1. Carpels containing each a single perfect ovule and sometimes some rudimentary -ones, separate, indehiscent. [Tribe ANEMONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Carpels containing several perfect ovules each, dehiscing at the suture.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals with a pit or scale at the base or the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Petals without a pit or scale, or wanting. Ovule pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovule pendulous. Carpels arranged in a spike. Sepals with a short -spur, yellowish. Petals narrow. Stamens few. Pericarp without a -hardened layer. Small herbs. Leaves radical, undivided, linear.—Species<br /> -2. North-west Africa. Poisonous plants. “Mousetail.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myosurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule ascending. Pericarp with a hardened layer.—Species 50. Many of -them are poisonous, some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Ceratocephalus</i> Pers. and <i>Ficaria</i> Dill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ranunculus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary and fruit with 1-3 longitudinal veins or without veins. Ovule -with a single coat.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit with 4 or more longitudinal or transverse veins. Ovule -with 2 coats. Leaves alternate or all radical.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Leaves opposite. Herbs or more frequently climbing shrubs. Perianth-segments<br /> -4-8, petal-like, usually valvate in the bud.—Species 40.<br /> -Many of them are poisonous; some are used as ornamental or medicinal -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clematis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves radical and alternate, or the uppermost whorled. Herbs, rarely -low shrubs. Perianth-segments 4-20, imbricate in the bud.—Species<br /> -15. North, South, and East Africa. Several are poisonous; some are -used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Knowltonia</i> Salisb.)<br /> -(Plate 46.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anemone</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth simple, of 3-5 segments. Carpels inserted upon a flat receptacle, -marked with longitudinal veins. Flowers in racemes or cymes.—Species<br /> -4. Poisonous plants, used for dyeing and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thalictrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of 5 sepals and 5-16 petals. Carpels inserted upon a cylindrical -receptacle, marked with transverse veins. Flowers solitary, terminal.—Species<br /> -4. North Africa. Poisonous, also used in medicine and as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adonis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. (1.) Perianth consisting of 5 or more sepals and 5-8 red, not glandular -petals. Stamens united at the base, slightly perigynous. Carpels -several, separate, fleshy. Outer coat of the ovules longer than the inner.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used as an ornamental -and medicinal plant. [Tribe PAEONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paeonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of 5 petal-like, usually blue sepals and 1-8 glandular -petals (nectaries). Stamens free, hypogynous. Carpels not fleshy.<br /> -Outer coat of the ovules as long as or shorter than the inner. [Tribe<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_199">{199}</a></span>HELLEBOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Perianth regular. Petals 5-8.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Perianth irregular. Petals 1-4, usually 2.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Petals 5, large, with a long spur. Carpels separate. Leaves ternately -dissected; segments broad. Tall, perennial herbs.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa. Used as an ornamental plant and in medicine. “Columbine.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aquilegia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 8, small, not distinctly spurred. Carpels more or less united.<br /> -Leaves pinnately dissected; segments narrow. Low annual herbs.—Species<br /> -6. North Africa. Some (especially <i>N. sativa</i> L.) yield condiments -and medicaments, others serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nigella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. Petals with a long claw, enclosed by the sepals. Upper sepal erect, helmet-shaped.<br /> -Flowers yellow.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco).<br /> -Poisonous and used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aconitum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals sessile, projecting beyond the sepals. Upper sepal spreading, spur-shaped.—Species<br /> -18. North and East Africa. Some are poisonous or -used in medicine or as ornamental plants. “Larkspur.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Delphinium</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_79">FAMILY 79.</a> BERBERIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate or all radical. Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite. -Sepals 4-9, more or less petal-like and yellow, at least the inner ones. -Petals (nectaries) 4-8. Stamens 4-6, free. Anthers turned inwards, -opening by valves. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules 2 or more, basal or -inserted along the ventral suture. Stigma 1. Fruit a capsule or a berry. -Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen.—Genera 3, species 6. -North and East Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves undivided. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers<br /> -6-merous. Fruit a berry.—Species 4. North and East Africa.<br /> -They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, fish-poison, medicaments, -and edible fruits which are also used for the preparation of -drinks and confectionery. “Barberry.” [Tribe BERBERIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berberis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous, low. Leaves dissected. Inflorescence lateral. Fruit<br /> -a capsule. [Tribe EPIMEDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers 4-merous. Ovules many, inserted along the ventral suture.<br /> -Fruit opening by two valves. Seeds with an aril.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epimedium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 6-merous. Ovules few, basal. Fruit bursting irregularly. Seeds -without an aril.—Species 1. North-west Africa. The tubers are -used in medicine and as a substitute for soap.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leontice</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_80">FAMILY 80.</a> MENISPERMACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem usually woody and twining. Leaves alternate, undivided, palmately -lobed or digitate, nearly always exstipulate. Flowers small, unisexual, -nearly always dioecious, mostly in racemes or panicles. Sepals usually -6. Petals<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_200">{200}</a></span> usually 6, smaller than the sepals, sometimes absent. Stamens -generally as many as and opposite the petals. Anthers opening by slits. -Carpels 3-30, separate, more rarely solitary. Ovule 1, pendulous or -laterally affixed, half-inverted with superior micropyle, sometimes -accompanied at first by a second which is soon suppressed. Fruits -drupaceous.—Genera 27, species 100. (Plate 47.)</p> - -<p> -1. Sepals 4 in the male flowers, 1-2 in the female. Petals of the male flowers<br /> -2-4, united below, of the female 1-3. Stamens united. Carpels -solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 6-24, rarely (<i>Stephania</i>) in the female flowers only 3-4. Petals -free or wanting. Carpels 3-30, free, rarely (<i>Stephania</i>) solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Female flowers with 1 sepal and 1 petal, rarely with 2-3 petals, in cymes.<br /> -Leaves broad. Usually high-climbing plants.—Species 12. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cissampelos</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers with 2 sepals and 2 petals, solitary or in pairs. Leaves -usually narrow. Low-growing plants.—Species 4. South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Cissampelos</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antizoma</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -3. Sepals 6-8, usually 6, rarely in the female flowers 3-4.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 9-24.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -4. Sepals 6-8 in the male flowers, 3-4 in the female, usually equal in length.<br /> -Petals 2-4. Carpels solitary.—Species 5. Central and South Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Homocnemia</i> Miers and <i>Perichasma</i> Miers).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stephania</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 6-8 in both sexes. Petals usually 6. Carpels 3-6.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Sepals nearly equal in length.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Sepals very unequal in length, the outer usually much shorter than the inner.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals none. Filaments entirely united. Anthers opening lengthwise.<br /> -Stigmas thick, entire.—Species 5. Central Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Ropalandria</i> Stapf).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dioscoreophyllum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 6. Anthers opening transversely. Stigmas lobed. Leaves lobed.—Species<br /> -2. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used medicinally.<br /> -“Calumba-root.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iatrorrhiza</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals 3. Stamens 3. Filaments united beyond the middle. Anthers -opening by a transverse slit. Flowers in spreading panicles. Leaves -sinuated or dissected.—Species 3. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syntriandrium</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 5-8, usually 6, rarely (<i>Tiliacora</i>) 3, but then stamens 6-9 and -leaves undivided, very rarely (<i>Penianthus</i>) petals wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Stamens 15-30. Filaments united. Anthers opening outwards by a -transverse slit. Carpels 4-6. Inner sepals united nearly to the top.<br /> -Male flowers fascicled, female solitary.—Species 2. Central Africa to<br /> -Delagoa Bay.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epinetrum</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-9, usually 6.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Filaments free or united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_201">{201}</a></span>Filaments, at least the inner ones, united to the middle or beyond.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -10. Anthers opening by 1-2 transverse slits.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by 2 longitudinal slits.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -11. Anthers opening by two slits. Staminodes in the female flowers 6 or 0.<br /> -Stigmas entire. Fruits ovoid, reniform, or globular; scar of the style -nearly basal. Endocarp ribbed. Seeds with a scanty uniform albumen -and thick-fleshy cotyledons. Flowers in fascicles sometimes arranged -in racemes.—Species 5. Tropics to Delagoa Bay, Sahara and Egypt.<br /> -They yield dyes, drinks, and medicaments. (<i>Cebatha</i> Forsk.) (Plate 47.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cocculus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by one slit. Fruits oblong or elliptical; scar of the style -nearly terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Anthers opening by a slit across the apex. Staminodes in the female -flowers 6 or 0. Stigmas entire. Endocarp smooth. Seeds exalbuminous, -with fleshy cotyledons. Stem erect. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, -penninerved. Flowers in glomerules or false umbels.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa. (Including <i>Heptacyclum</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Penianthus</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by a semicircular slit on the inside. Staminodes 3.<br /> -Stigmas 3-cleft. Endocarp spiny. Seeds with a ruminate albumen and -thin leaf-like cotyledons. Stem climbing. Leaves cordate-ovate, 5-nerved.<br /> -Male flowers in spreading panicles, female in racemes.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kolobopetalum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -13. Anthers opening laterally, almost outwards. Carpels 3. Leaves cordate-ovate, -palmately 5-7-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening inwards. Leaves palmately 3-nerved, peltate, or penninerved.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Leaves deeply cordate at the base. Styles short. Staminodes in the female -flowers 6.—Species 1. Northern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tinospora</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Leaves slightly cordate. Styles none. Filaments united at the base.—Species<br /> -7. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmonema</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -15. Leaves palmately 3-nerved, oblong. Carpels 3. Seeds straight.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Cocculus</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orthogynium</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves peltate or penninerved. Seeds curved.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Leaves peltate. Flowers in racemes. Filaments free, flattened. Endocarp -tubercled, hairy. Cotyledons thin, leaf-like.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Cameroons). (Under <i>Tinospora</i> Miers).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platytinospora</b> Diels<br /> -<br /> -Leaves lanceolate to ovate, not peltate. Carpels 6 or more. Staminodes -in the female flowers none. Fruits with a basal style-scar; endocarp -smooth or wrinkled. Cotyledons thick, fleshy.—Species 12, Central<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Glossopholis</i> Pierre, under <i>Limacia</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tiliacora</b> Colebr.<br /> -<br /> -17. (9.) Outer stamens free, inner united to the middle. Carpels 9; scar of -the style basal. Seeds spirally twisted, without albumen. Leaves -oblong or lanceolate. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spirospermum</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_202">{202}</a></span>Outer and inner stamens more or less united.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Outer stamens united at the base, inner up to the anthers. Anthers -opening lengthwise, the inner laterally, the outer inwards. Carpels 3; -endocarp spiny. Leaves cordate-ovate. Flowers fascicled in racemes.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. (<i>Miersiophyton</i> Engl., under <i>Chasmanthera</i><br /> -Miers).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhigiocarya</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Outer and inner stamens united to the middle or beyond.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Anthers opening by a semicircular slit. Carpels 3; stigmas 3-cleft.<br /> -Endocarp spiny. Flowers in panicles. (See 12.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kolobopetalum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Endocarp smooth, wrinkled, or -tubercled.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Carpels 6-30. Scar of the style basal. Cotyledons fleshy. Anthers -opening inwards. (See 16.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tiliacora</b> Colebr.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 3. Scar of the style terminal. Flowers fascicled in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Petals unequal. Style none. Leaves undivided. (See 14.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmonema</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Petals subequal. Stamens 6. Styles short. Stigmas cleft. Leaves -broadly cordate.—Species 2. Central Africa. One species has edible -tubers.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chasmanthera</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -22. (3.) Inner sepals united nearly to the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Inner sepals free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -23. Stamens 6-9. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening lengthwise.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in pairs.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synclisia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 15-30. Filaments united throughout their whole length.<br /> -Anthers opening transversely. Male flowers fascicled, female solitary.<br /> -(See 8.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epinetrum</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -24. Petals none.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Petals 3-9, usually 6.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -25. Stamens 3. Filaments united. Anthers opening by two transverse -slits. Carpels 3-4. Scar of the style near the base of the fruit. Leaves -broad-cordate. Flowers in fascicled glomerules.—Species 2. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syrrheonema</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3, with free filaments, or 5-6. Anthers opening by sometimes -confluent longitudinal slits. Scar of the style terminal or lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Carpels 3. Styles absent. Stigmas peltate. Anthers opening by confluent -slits. Stem erect. Flowers in glomerules. (See 12.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Penianthus</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 6 or more. Styles present. Stem climbing. Flowers in lax -cymes or in panicles.—Species 12. Tropics. (Including <i>Pycnostylis</i><br /> -Pierre, <i>Rameya</i> Baill., and <i>Welwitschiina</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triclisia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -27. Petals 9. Stamens 21. Carpels 12.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphenocentrum</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Petals 3-6.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Stamens 3.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6-18.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_47" style="width: 335px;"> -<a href="images/plt_047.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_047.jpg" width="335" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MENISPERMACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 47.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cocculus Leaeba DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Female flower -cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_48" style="width: 334px;"> -<a href="images/plt_048.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_048.jpg" width="334" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ANONACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 48.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Anona senegalensis Pers.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stigma. <i>D</i> Anther. <i>E</i> Young -fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_203">{203}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -29. Filaments free. Sepals hairy. Stem climbing. (See 26.) <b>Triclisia</b> Benth.<br /> -Filaments united high up.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Sepals glabrous. Leaves distinctly 3-nerved. Stem climbing.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strychnopsis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals hairy. Leaves not distinctly 3-nerved. Stem erect.—Species 5.<br /> -Madagascar. (Including <i>Gamopoda</i> Bak. and <i>Tripodandra</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaptonema</b> Miers<br /> -<br /> -31. Stamens 9-18. Filaments united throughout their whole length. Anthers -opening transversely. Male flowers with 6 petals, female with 3 petals -and 3 staminodes. Carpels 6. Flowers in false racemes or corymbs.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 7. Tropics to Delagoa Bay.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisocycla</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 9 with the filaments free or united at the base, or 6. Anthers -opening lengthwise, but sometimes obliquely.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Carpels 3-4. Flowers in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 6-30. Flowers in cymes or panicles, or the female in racemes.<br /> -Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -33. Petals ovate. Fruits ovoid; embryo nearly straight. Stem erect. Leaves -compound, with 3 leaflets.—Species 4. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Burasaia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Petals oblong, lobed. Fruits reniform; embryo much curved. Stem -climbing. Leaves simple, undivided.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Congo). <i>Limaciopsis</i> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -34. Sepals densely hairy. Petals minute. Staminodes in the female flowers -present. Carpels hairy. (See 26.) <i>Triclisia</i> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals glabrous or scantily hairy. Staminodes in the female flowers -absent. (See 16.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tiliacora</b> Colebr.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MAGNOLIINEAE.</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_81">FAMILY 81.</a> ANONACEAE.</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers usually -hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, rarely 2, usually valvate in the bud. Petals -3-6, free or united at the base. Stamens hypogynous, 6 or more, usually -numerous, rarely (<i>Bocagea</i>) 3. Anthers nearly always turned outwards. -Carpels 3 or more, separate, more rarely united and forming a one-or -many-celled ovary. Ovules inverted. Fruit usually a berry. Seeds with a -copious, ruminate albumen and a small embryo.—Genera 27, species 240. -(Plate 48.)</p> - -<p> -1. Carpels whorled and united, forming a 1-celled ovary with parietal placentas.<br /> -[Tribe MONODOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Carpels spirally arranged, free, more rarely united, and then forming a -many-celled ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals unequal, free or the outer united below, frequently with a wavy -margin.—Species 15. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. The seeds of some<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_204">{204}</a></span>species are used as condiments and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monodora</b> Dun.<br /> -<br /> -Petals equal, more or less united below, not wavy at the margin.—Species<br /> -15. Tropics. (Under <i>Monodora</i> Dun.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isolona</b> (Pierre) Engl.<br /> -<br /> -3. Petals 6, the inner greatly exceeding the outer. Carpels 4-6, with united -stigmas; ovules 6-10 to each. Trees with long-haired branches.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 5. West Africa (Cameroons). [Tribe<br /> -MILIUSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Piptostigma</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 6, about equal in length, or the inner shorter, or petals 3-4.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Petals thick, more or less distinctly jointed into an inferior hollow portion -and a superior flat or thickened one, erect or connivent, rarely spreading, -valvate in the bud, very rarely (<i>Anona</i>) the inner imbricate at the apex.<br /> -[Tribe XYLOPIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Petals thin or rather thin, rarely thick, not jointed and usually spreading, -but sometimes hollow or with a short claw appressed to the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -5. Carpels united in fruit. Ovule 1. Styles oblong. Petals 3, alternate -with the sepals, or 6.—Species 10, six of them spontaneous in tropical -and South-east Africa, 4 cultivated in various regions. They yield -cork-wood, fibre, gum-lac, tans and dyes, poisons, medicaments, a -substitute for tea, and edible fruits (custard-apple, sour-sop, and others) -from which also drinks are prepared. (Plate 48.) [Subtribe <small>ANONINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anona</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels free till maturity. [Subtribe <small>XYLOPIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovules solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more to each carpel. Petals 6.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals 3, opposite the sepals. Stigmas sessile. Trees with a yellow bark -and yellow hairs.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, -dyes, and medicaments. (Under <i>Xylopia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enantia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 6, the outer greatly exceeding the inner. Stigmas borne upon -linear styles.—Species 6. Equatorial West Africa. (Under <i>Oxymitra</i><br /> -Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenanthera</b> (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels<br /> -<br /> -8. Carpels containing numerous ovules or seeds, coiled spirally when ripe and -contracted between the seeds. Trees.—Species 1. German East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polyceratocarpus</b> Engl. & Diels<br /> -<br /> -Carpels containing 2-8 ovules or 1-8 seeds, straight or slightly curved -when ripe.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Petals spreading, subequal. Ovules 2. Stalks of the inflorescence and the -flowers usually thickened and hooked. Mostly climbing or scrambling -shrubs.—Species 18. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some have edible -fruits or are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artabotrys</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Petals suberect or connivent, the inner shorter and triangular above.<br /> -Sepals more or less united. Receptacle usually concave. Ovules<br /> -2-8, inserted along the ventral suture. Styles long.—Species 30.<br /> -Tropics. Some yield timber, spices (guinea-pepper), and medicaments.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_205">{205}</a></span>(<i>Xylopicrum</i> P. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylopia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. (4.) Petals transversely folded, at least in the bud, united at the base, -subequal. Carpels 3-12, hairy; ovules numerous; styles 2-cleft.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics. [Tribe HEXALOBEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hexalobus</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Petals not folded, usually free. [Tribe UVARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Petals valvate in the bud. Carpels free. [Subtribe <small>UNONINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Petals, at least the inner ones, imbricate in the bud. [Subtribe <small>UVARIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -12. Petals 3-4. Sepals or calyx-lobes 2. Connective of the stamens not or -scarcely prolonged. Carpels and ovules numerous. Flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Petals 6. Sepals 3. Connective usually prolonged beyond the anther-cells.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -13. Petals 3, thick. Flowers in clusters springing from the old wood, the -female somewhat larger than the male. Trees.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thonnera</b> De Wild.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Petals free. Flowers in clusters springing from the old wood, the female -much larger than the male. Trees.—Species 2. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetrastemma</b> Diels<br /> -<br /> -Petals united below. Flowers solitary, axillary, the female about as -large as the male. Shrubs.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa<br /> -(Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uvariopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -15. Petals in 1 row, rather thick. Stamens 12, six of them sometimes sterile.<br /> -Anther-cells ovate. Carpels numerous, 1-seeded.—Species 2. West<br /> -Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monanthotaxis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Petals in 2 rows.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Outer petals spreading, inner smaller and converging.—Species 30. Tropical -and South-east Africa. (Including <i>Clathrospermum</i> Planch.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Popowia</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Outer and inner petals spreading or erect.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Stamens 3-6; connective ovate, prolonged above, but not dilated. Carpels<br /> -3, one-seeded.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bocagea</b> St. Hil.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Stamens with an acuminate connective. Ovules several. Style short.<br /> -Fruit slightly constricted between the seeds. Trees. Flowers in -axillary clusters.—Species 1 (<i>C. odorata</i> Hook. f. & Thoms., Ylang-Ylang).<br /> -Cultivated in the tropics for its fragrant flowers, which yield a -perfume.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cananga</b> Rumph.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens with a truncate or rounded connective.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Style long. Ovules 2. Peduncles thick and hooked. Climbing shrubs.<br /> -(See 9.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artabotrys</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Style short or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Ovules 1-2 to each carpel, rarely 3-8, and then fruits constricted between -the seeds, and young branches, leaves and flowers glabrous or clothed<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_206">{206}</a></span>with simple hairs. Carpels usually numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 10-30 to each carpel, rarely 8, but then fruits not constricted -between the seeds, and young branches, leaves and flowers clothed with -stellate hairs. Carpels usually few.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Fruit-carpels with a single seed appressed to the pericarp, or with 2-8 -seeds, and then constricted between them. Style present. Flowers -hermaphrodite.—Species 9. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Unona</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-carpels with a single seed not appressed to the pericarp, or with 2 -seeds without a distinct constriction between them. Ovules 1-2.—Species<br /> -8. Tropics. Several species yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polyalthia</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -22. Sepals small. Plants covered with stellate hairs.—Species 2. Central<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Unona</i> L. f.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Meiocarpidium</b> Engl. & Diels<br /> -<br /> -Sepals large. Plants covered with simple hairs or glabrous.—Species 3.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uvariastrum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -23. (11.) Ovules 1-2 in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -24. Carpels united as to the ovary and sunk in the receptacle, numerous, one-seeded.<br /> -Flowers unisexual, with two large bracteoles enclosing the -bud. Sepals 3, small.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Anona</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anonidium</b> Engl. & Diels<br /> -<br /> -Carpels free. Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Sepals large, leathery, cohering in the bud. Outer petals ovate, scarcely -larger than the inner. Receptacle rather flat. Carpels 6-9, one-ovuled; -styles linear. Shrubs.—Species 1. Southern East Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Unona</i> L. f.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleistochlamys</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals small, membranous. Outer petals oblong, larger than the inner.<br /> -Receptacle convex. Carpels usually 2-ovuled; stigmas usually sessile.—Species<br /> -9. West Africa. (Under <i>Oxymitra</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleistopholis</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -26. Carpels united, at least in fruit, numerous. Petals much overlapping in -the bud. Flowers on dwarf shoots, with a thick stalk and two large -bracteoles enclosing the bud. Plants covered with stellate hairs.—Species<br /> -2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachypodanthium</b> Engl. & Diels<br /> -<br /> -Carpels free.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Stigmas lanceolate; margin not rolled inwards, or at the base only. Carpels -about 10. Sepals triangular. Petals lanceolate, united at the base, -greatly exceeding the calyx.—Species 1. East Africa. (<i>Asteranthopsis</i><br /> -O. Ktze., under <i>Uvaria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asteranthe</b> Engl. & Diels<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas truncate; margin rolled inwards all round. Petals usually -free.—Species 55. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species -yield edible fruits, dyes, or medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uvaria</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_82">FAMILY 82.</a> MYRISTICACEAE.</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, penninerved, without stipules. Flowers -dioecious. Perianth simple, 2-5-, usually 3-lobed. Stamens 2-40; -fila<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_207">{207}</a></span>ments more or less, usually wholly, united; anthers 2-celled, -turned outwards. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovule 1, ascending, inverted; -stigma 1. Fruit fleshy, usually dehiscent. Seed with an aril; albumen -copious; embryo small.—Genera 9, species 25. Tropics. (Plate 49.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 30-40; filaments united at the base. Style distinctly developed.<br /> -Aril very small. Inflorescence head-like.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mauloutchia</b> Warb.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-24; filaments wholly united. Style very short or absent.<br /> -Aril distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers with a bracteole at the base of the perianth, rather large, in racemes -or panicles, or the female solitary. Anthers 8-24. Fruit ovoid, -dehiscent. Aril slit. Albumen ruminate. Embryo with spreading -cotyledons.—Species 2. Cultivated in several tropical islands. The -seeds (nutmeg) and the arils (mace) are used as spices and medicaments -and for the preparation of perfumes; the pericarp is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myristica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers, at least the male, without bracteoles. Anthers 2-10.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers rather large, stalked, in cymosely arranged fascicles. Perianth -funnel-shaped. Anthers 4-10, somewhat shorter than the united -filaments. Fruit very large, subglobose, indehiscent. Aril entire.<br /> -Albumen ruminate. Embryo with spreading cotyledons. Lateral -nerves of the leaves not forked, joined by distinct arches close to the -margin; transverse veins faint.—Species 3. West Africa. They -yield timber and oil. (Including <i>Ochocoa</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scyphocephalium</b> Warb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers very small, in fascicles or heads, which are sometimes arranged in -racemes or panicles. Fruit ovoid or elliptical, dehiscent. Embryo with -suberect cotyledons.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers in simple, fascicle- or head-like inflorescences, subsessile. Anthers<br /> -3-4. Aril almost entire. Albumen not ruminate. Leaves with -forked lateral nerves and distinct transverse veins.—Species 4. West<br /> -Africa. They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Staudtia</b> Warb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads or fascicles, which are arranged in racemes or panicles.<br /> -Aril slit.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers stalked, in fascicles. Anthers 2-7. Albumen ruminate. Lateral -nerves of the leaves not distinctly confluent at the margin.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Flowers sessile, in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Partial inflorescences supported by an involucral disc. Perianth cup-shaped.<br /> -Anthers 3-5. Albumen with a cavity in the centre.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa. They yield timber and oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coelocaryon</b> Warb.<br /> -<br /> -Partial inflorescences without an involucral disc. Perianth funnel- or -pitcher-shaped. Albumen solid in the centre.—Species 1. Cultivated -in the tropics. The seeds yield a fat.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Virola</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -7. Heads distinctly stalked. Perianth obovoid or club-shaped. Anthers<br /> -2-4, shorter than the filaments. Albumen ruminate. Lateral nerves<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_208">{208}</a></span>of the leaves joined by arches near the margin.—Species 5. West<br /> -Africa and Upper Nile. They yield timber and oil. (Under <i>Myristica</i><br /> -L.) (Plate 49.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnanthus</b> Warb.<br /> -<br /> -Heads sessile or nearly so. Perianth cupular. Anthers 3-10. Albumen -uniform.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Heads large, distant on the branches of a panicle. Anthers 3-4, as long as -or somewhat shorter than the filaments. Leaves whitish below; lateral -nerves joined by arches distant from the margin; transverse veins faint.—Species<br /> -1. German East Africa. (Under <i>Brochoneura</i> Warb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalosphaera</b> Warb.<br /> -<br /> -Heads arranged in dense racemes or panicles. Anthers 4-10, usually -longer than the filaments. Leaves with forked lateral nerves and nearly -as strong transverse veins.—Species 4. Madagascar. The seeds are -used as a condiment and yield a fat. (Under <i>Myristica</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brochoneura</b> Warb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_83">FAMILY 83.</a> MONIMIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers unisexual. -Perianth simple, 3-6-lobed. Stamens 10 or more. Carpels solitary or -several and then separate at the time of flowering, often sunk in the -receptacle. Ovule 1. Seeds with a small embryo and fleshy -albumen.—Genera 6, species 30. (Plate 50.)</p> - -<p> -1. Anthers opening by valves. Stamens numerous. Carpels 4 or more, -sunk in the receptacle. Ovules erect. Perianth irregular, strap-shaped.<br /> -Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or in clusters.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa. (Plate 50.) [Subfamily <b>ATHEROSPERMOIDEAE</b>, -tribe SIPARUNEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glossocalyx</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovule pendulous. Perianth regular -or nearly so. [Subfamily <b>MONIMIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Receptacle (floral axis) small. Perianth-segments of the female flowers -falling off singly. Stamens numerous. Carpel 1. [Tribe TRIMENIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle large, cup- or urn-shaped, at length bursting. Perianth -falling off entire and lid-like, or little developed and persistent. Carpels -several or many.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Perianth of the male flowers protruding beyond the stamens. Flowers -on long stalks, in lax racemes. Leaves alternate.—Species 2. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chloropatane</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth of the male flowers concealed by the stamens. Flowers on short -stalks, in dense racemes. Leaves opposite.—Species 3. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. They yield timber. (Including <i>Paxiodendron</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xymalos</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -4. Receptacle cup-shaped, subsequently spreading, not enclosing the carpels.<br /> -Perianth falling off as a whole, lid-like. Stamens 10-12. Anther-halves -confluent above. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary or in<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_49" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_049.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_049.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MYRISTICACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 49.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Pycnanthus Kombo (Baill.) Warb.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Part of a flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male partial inflorescence. <i>C</i> Male -flower. <i>D</i> Fruit, the pericarp cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_50" style="width: 323px;"> -<a href="images/plt_050.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_050.jpg" width="323" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MONIMIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 50.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Female flower. <i>C</i> Female flower cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Carpel (the ovary cut lengthwise).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_209">{209}</a></span></p> - -<p> -clusters, monoecious.—Species 1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Mollinedia</i><br /> -Ruiz & Pav.) [Tribe MOLLINEDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ephippiandra</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle narrowly pitcher-shaped, subsequently increasing in size and -enclosing the carpels. Perianth little developed. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Anther-halves separate. [Tribe MONIMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens with a gland on each side. Carpels few, not sunk in the receptacle.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in cymes, dioecious.—Species 4.<br /> -Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. They yield timber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monimia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Stamens without glands. Carpels numerous, sunk in the receptacle.—Species<br /> -20. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Some -species yield timber, dyes, or medicaments. (<i>Ambora Juss.</i>)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tambourissa</b> Sonn.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_84">FAMILY 84.</a> LAURACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules, sometimes -scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth of 4 or 6 segments. Fertile -stamens 4-14, perigynous. Anthers opening by 2-4 valves. Ovary superior, -very rarely (<i>Hypodaphnis</i>) inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, -inverted. Style simple. Seed exalbuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 15, -species 75. (Plate 51.)</p> - -<p> -1. Anthers 2-celled. [Subfamily <b>LAUROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 4-celled. [Subfamily <b>PERSEOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -2. Anthers all turned inwards, 8-14, usually 12. Perianth 4-cleft. Flowers -in umbels, dioecious or polygamous. Leafy shrubs or trees.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa. They yield timber, oil, perfumes, spices, and medicaments, -and are also used as ornamental plants. “Laurel.” [Tribe<br /> -LAUREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers partly (the outer) turned inwards, partly outwards, 4-12, usually<br /> -9. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stem thread-shaped, twining, parasitic. Leaves reduced to minute scales.<br /> -Perianth 6-cleft, the outer segments much smaller than the inner.<br /> -Fertile stamens 9.—Species 4. Southern and tropical Africa. Some -are used medicinally. [Tribe CASSYTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cassytha</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem shrub- or tree-like. Leaves perfectly developed. Perianth with 6, -rarely 4, subequal segments.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Receptacle accrescent, cupuliform, enclosing the fruit. Perianth-segments<br /> -6. Fertile stamens 9, rarely 12. [Tribe CRYPTOCARYEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle scarcely or not accrescent, not enclosing the fruit. [Tribe<br /> -APOLLONIADEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit incompletely 6-celled. Pericarp adnate to the receptacle, but free -from the seed. Cotyledons 6-lobed. Leaves penninerved.—Species 8.<br /> -Madagascar. They yield timber, oil, condiments, and medicaments.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_210">{210}</a></span>(<i>Agathophyllum</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ravensara</b> Sonn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit completely 1-celled. Pericarp easily separable from the receptacle, -but adnate to the seed.—Species 10. Madagascar, South and East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptocarya</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth 4-parted. Fertile stamens 4. Shrubs. Leaves linear-lanceolate.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Potameia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Perianth 6-parted or 6-cleft. Fertile stamens 6-9.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fertile stamens 6, each with 2 glands. Flowers in racemes.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berniera</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 9, rarely 6, all or the outer ones without glands. Flowers -in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Staminodes within the fertile stamens none. Filaments oblong or obovate, -the inner ones each with 2 oblong, wholly adnate glands.—Species 3.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tylostemon</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes within the fertile stamens present. Inner fertile stamens -with 2 roundish glands at their base.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Perianth persistent. Leaves herbaceous.—Species 1. Canary Islands -and Madeira. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apollonias</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Perianth deciduous. Leaves leathery.—Species 20. Tropics. Some -species yield timber or edible seeds. (<i>Afrodaphne</i> Stapf, <i>Hufelandia</i><br /> -Nees, <i>Nesodaphne</i> Hook., under <i>Tylostemon</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Beilschmiedia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -10. (1.) Anthers 9-14 (usually 12), all turned inwards. Flowers dioecious, in -umbels.—Species 2. Naturalized in the Mascarenes and Seychelles.<br /> -They yield timber, a fat, and medicaments. (<i>Tetranthera</i> Jaqu.) [Tribe<br /> -LITSEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Litsea</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 9, the outer turned inwards, the inner outwards. Flowers hermaphrodite -or polygamous, usually in panicles. [Tribe CINNAMOMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Staminodes very small and awl-shaped or wanting. Receptacle accrescent.<br /> -Flowers usually polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes well developed, thickened at the apex. Receptacle scarcely -or not accrescent. Flowers usually hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Anther-valves side by side. Ovary inferior.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Cameroons). (Under <i>Ocotea</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypodaphnis</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Anther-valves in superposed pairs. Ovary superior.—Species 15. Tropical -and South Africa, Canary Islands, Azores. They yield timber, fat, -condiments, and medicaments. (Including <i>Mespilodaphne</i> and <i>Oreodaphne</i><br /> -Nees). (Plate 51.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ocotea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -13. Leaves trinerved. Perianth-segments falling singly after the time of -flowering.—Species 2 (<i>C. zeylanicum</i> Breyn, cinnamon, and <i>C. camphora</i><br /> -Nees & Eberm., camphor). Cultivated in the tropics. They -yield timber, spices, and drugs for industrial and medicinal uses.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cinnamomum</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Leaves penninerved. Perianth persisting or falling off as a whole.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_51" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_051.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_051.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LAURACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 51.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Benth.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamens. <i>D</i> -Staminode. <i>E</i> Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>F</i> Group of fruits. <i>G</i> -Young fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_52" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_052.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_052.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PAPAVERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 52.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Trigonocapnos curvipes Schlecht.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Petals (<i>a</i> the upper, <i>b</i> one of -the lateral, <i>c</i> the lower). <i>D</i> Bundle of stamens (the third anther not -visible). <i>E</i> Pistil (the ovary cut lengthwise).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_211">{211}</a></span></p> - -<p> -14. Perianth yellow, with oblong segments, deciduous. Fruit large, greenish.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>P. gratissima</i> Gaertn., avocado-pear). Cultivated in the -tropics. It yields edible fruit, from which also a fat and a dye are -prepared, and is used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Persea</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth white, with ovate segments, persistent. Fruit small, blackish.—Species<br /> -1. Canary Islands and Azores. Yields timber. (Under<br /> -<i>Persea</i> Gaertn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phoebe</b> Nees<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_85">FAMILY 85.</a> HERNANDIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, without stipules. -Flowers in panicles, regular, hermaphrodite polygamous or monoecious. -Perianth 4-10-parted. Fertile stamens 3-5, alternating with the inner -perianth-segments. Anthers 2-celled, turned inwards, opening by valves. -Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style and stigma -simple. Seed exalbuminous. Embryo with folded or coiled -cotyledons.—Genera 3, species 7. Tropics. (Under <i>LAURACEAE</i> or -<i>COMBRETACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers without bracteoles, polygamous. Perianth very small. Stigma -capitate. Fruit with 2 terminal wings. Cotyledons spirally twisted.<br /> -Trees. Leaves undivided or lobed.—Species 1. East Africa, Angola,<br /> -Madagascar. Yields timber. [Subfamily <b>GYROCARPOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gyrocarpus</b> Jaqu.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers with bracteoles, which sometimes form an involucre, hermaphrodite -or monoecious. Perianth rather small. Stigma discoid and more or -less lobed. Cotyledons more or less folded or crumpled. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>HERNANDIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 10-parted. Fertile stamens 5, with 2 -scales at the base. Fruit with 2-4 lateral wings. Climbing shrubs.<br /> -Leaves digitate.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Illigera</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious, the female surrounded by a cupular, truncate or -lobed, ultimately inflated involucel. Perianth of the male flowers<br /> -6-8-parted, of the female 8-10-parted. Fertile stamens 3-4. Trees.<br /> -Leaves undivided. Partial inflorescences surrounded by an involucre -of several bracts, and consisting of a female flower and two or more -male.—Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber and are used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hernandia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER RHOEADALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER RHOEADINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_86">FAMILY 86.</a> PAPAVERACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves more or less lobed or divided. Flowers hermaphrodite. -Sepals 2, very rarely 3. Petals 4, very rarely 6, free, hypogynous. -Anthers <span class="pagenum"><a id="page_212">{212}</a></span>opening by slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely 2-or -more-celled. Ovules parietal, curved or inverted. Fruit a capsule or a -nut. Seeds with a small embryo and a copious, oily albumen.—Genera 11, -species 50. (Including <i>FUMARIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 52.)</p> - -<p> -1. Petals, at least one of them, prolonged into a spur. Stamens 2, tripartite<br /> -(or 6 in two bundles); the middle segment of each stamen bearing a -two-celled anther, the lateral ones a one-celled. Juice not milky.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>FUMARIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Petals not spurred. Stamens 4 or many, all with 2-celled anthers.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary with 3 or more ovules. Fruits, at least some of them, dehiscent,<br /> -3- or more-seeded.—Species 9. South and North Africa and high -mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Cysticapnos</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corydalis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 1-2 ovules. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Seeds not -appendaged.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary with 2 ovules. Fruit 2-seeded, compressed, with 3 nerves on each -side. Leaves fleshy.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcocapnos</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 1 ovule. Fruit 1-seeded, compressed but 1-nerved on each -side, or triquetrous, or globular.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit triquetrous, pendulous. Superior petal helmet-shaped, inferior -spoon-shaped, lateral ones clawed. Stem climbing.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa (Cape Colony). (Plate 52.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trigonocapnos</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit globular or compressed, erect.—Species 15. North, South, and East<br /> -Africa; also naturalized in West Africa and the Mascarene Islands.<br /> -“Fumitory.” (Including <i>Discocapnos</i> Cham. & Schlechtend. and<br /> -<i>Platycapnos</i> Bernh.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fumaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens 4. Petals 3-cleft. Placentas and styles 2. Juice not milky.—Species<br /> -7. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>HYPECOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypecoum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. [Subfamily <b>PAPAVEROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Juice not milky. Flowers solitary. Petals yellow. Placentas 2. Stigma -subsessile, with 4 spreading lobes. Fruit linear, 10-ribbed, 1-celled,<br /> -2-valved to the base. Seeds unappendaged.—Species 1. Naturalized -in the Canary Islands. Fodder-plant. [Tribe ESCHSCHOLTZIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hunnemannia</b> Sweet<br /> -<br /> -Juice milky. Placentas 4 or more, more rarely 2, but then stigmas or -stigma-lobes only 2, or at least partly erect.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Stigmas (or style-branches) 2, alternating with the 2 placentas and borne -upon a short, but distinct style. Ovary and fruit linear. Seeds appendaged.<br /> -Flowers in umbels, yellow. Juice reddish-yellow.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally.<br /> -“Celandine.” [Tribe CHELIDONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chelidonium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas (or style-branches) 3 or more, rarely 2, as many as and opposite<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_213">{213}</a></span>to the placentas or more numerous, sessile or nearly so. [Tribe PAPAVEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit linear, dehiscing to the base. Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves<br /> -2-4. Juice yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Fruit oblong, ovoid, or globular, dehiscing near the top only or indehiscent.<br /> -Placentas, stigmas, and fruit-valves 4-16.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Petals yellow or reddish-yellow, twisted in the bud. Style ending in 2 -erect and 2 spreading lobes. Fruit with a false partition.—Species 2.<br /> -North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Used as ornamental or medicinal -plants; the seeds yield oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glaucium</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Petals violet or red, crumpled in the bud. Style ending in 2-4 connivent -lobes. Fruit 1-celled.—Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roemeria</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -10. Stigmas in the sinuses between the connivent style-lobes. Petals yellow -or whitish. Fruit oblong, usually bristly. Juice yellow.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. Used as an ornamental and -medicinal plant; the seeds yield oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argemone</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas radiating upon a disc-like expansion of the style-apex. Ovary incompletely -septate. Juice white. Buds nodding.—Species 12.<br /> -North and South Africa, Abyssinia, and Cape Verde Islands; also -cultivated in various regions. Some species are poisonous or are used -as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. <i>P. somniferum</i> L. yields -opium, oil, and edible seeds. “Poppy.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Papaver</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CAPPARIDINEAE.</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_87">FAMILY 87.</a> CAPPARIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, simple or digitate. Flowers solitary or in racemes or -umbels, usually irregular. Petals wanting or free, usually 4, rarely -(<i>Cercopetalum</i>) united at the base. Disc ring-or scale-like, rarely -tubular. Ovary superior, usually stalked. Ovules 4 or more, rarely -(<i>Dipterygium</i>) 1-2, curved, usually parietal. Seeds reniform, -exalbuminous. Embryo curved, with folded or coiled cotyledons.—Genera -20, species 260. (Plate 53.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit succulent, baccate, indehiscent, rarely at length dehiscing in two -valves to which the placentas remain attached. Embryo coiled. Shrubs -or trees. [Subfamily <b>CAPPARIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dry, capsular and usually siliquiform, rarely nut-like. Embryo -curved. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Stamens very numerous. Ovary with<br /> -a long stalk. [Tribe MAERUEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube indistinct or wanting, rarely distinctly developed, but then -stamens 10 and ovary with a very short stalk. [Tribe CAPPARIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Calyx bursting transversely. Petals none. Stamens inserted upon<br /> -a convex receptacle. Placentas 6-10.—Species 10. East Africa,<br /> -Madagascar and Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thylachium</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx bursting lengthwise. Stamens usually inserted upon an elongated,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_214">{214}</a></span>stalk-like receptacle. Placentas 2-4.—Species 50. Some of them -yield timber, vegetables, or medicaments. (Including <i>Niebuhria</i> DC. -and <i>Streblocarpus</i> Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maerua</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Petals none. Stamens about 10. Disc -and androphore wanting. Ovary with a very short stalk. Placentas 2.<br /> -Leaves digitate.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bachmannia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube indistinct or wanting. Petals present, more rarely wanting, -but then leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Receptacle produced behind into a tube- or strap-shaped appendage. Stamens<br /> -4-8, inserted upon a stalk-like androphore. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used in medicine.<br /> -(Including <i>Schepperia</i> Neck.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cadaba</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle produced into scale-like appendages or unappendaged. Stamens -rarely upon a distinct stalk-like androphore, and then fertile and -sterile stamens together 10 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals none. Stamens without a distinct androphore. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4 or more. Ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -7. Ovary 2-, rarely 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, supported upon a long -stalk. Stamens numerous. Disc cup-shaped, crenate. Sepals 3, -rarely 2 or 4, united at the base.—Species 6. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Courbonia</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 6 or more.<br /> -Sepals 4, rarely 5.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Disc cup-shaped, crenate, accrescent. Stamens numerous. Ovules -numerous. Stigma 4-lobed.—Species 3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buchholzia</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Disc ring-shaped. Stamens 6-20. Ovules 6-12. Stigma entire.—Species<br /> -30. Central Africa, northern South Africa, and Sahara. The -fruits and roots of some are eaten or used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boscia</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 5. Petals 5, united at the base. Stamens<br /> -10-13, borne upon a short androphore. Ovary 5-celled, with axile -ovules. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cercopetalum</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, very rarely dioecious, but then -stamens numerous. Flowers nearly always 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Stamens inserted on an elongated stalk-like androphore, united in two -bundles, one of which contains 5-9 fertile, the other as many sterile -stamens. Petals 4. Placentas 2. Leaves ternately compound.—Species<br /> -3. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cladostemon</b> A. Br. & Vatke<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted on a very short androphore or without an androphore.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Petals very unequal, two much larger than the others, wing-like. Stamens<br /> -5-7. Placentas 2. Leaves ternately compound.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. (<i>Pteropetalum</i> Pax).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euadenia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals not very unequal. Stamens 8 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Petals open in aestivation, with a long claw; sepals imbricate or open.<br /> -Stamens upon a short androphore bearing scales within. Ovary upon a<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_53" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_053.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_053.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CRUCIFERAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 53.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Heliophila amplexicaulis L. fil.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant with inflorescences. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruiting branch. <i>E</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_54" style="width: 369px;"> -<a href="images/plt_054.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_054.jpg" width="369" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CAPPARIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 54.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Polanisia hirta (Klotzsch) Sond.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Branch with flowers and fruits. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> -Anther. <i>D</i> Ovary cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_215">{215}</a></span></p> - -<p> -long gynophore, 1- or incompletely 2-celled, with 2 placentas. Leaves -ternately compound.—Species 6. Tropics. Some species yield timber, -edible fruit, or medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crataeva</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals imbricate in aestivation; sepals usually valvate. Disc and androphore -little developed or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Leaves ternately compound, rarely simple and undivided, and then petals -numerous. Petals clawed. Ovary with a long stalk, 1-celled.—Species<br /> -25. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ritchiea</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple, undivided. Petals 4, very rarely 5.—Species 50. Some -of them yield timber, salad, condiments (capers from <i>C. spinosa</i> L.), -edible fruits, and medicaments; some are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capparis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. (1.) Fruit indehiscent, winged, 1-seeded. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary -with a very short stalk, 1-celled. Ovules 1-2. Style short. Undershrubs.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Egypt and Nubia. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>DIPTERYGIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dipterygium</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing by 2 or more valves. Ovules 4 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Fruit 1-seeded, dehiscing by many valves. Sepals 2. Petals 5. Stamens<br /> -40-60. Ovary sessile, 1-celled. Ovules 4-6. Style long. Shrubs.<br /> -Flowers fascicled.—Species 2. East Africa. [Subfamily <b>CALYPTROTHECOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calyptrotheca</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Fruit several- or many-seeded, dehiscing by 2 valves which separate from -the persistent placentas. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Ovules numerous.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>CLEOMOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Calyx-tube distinctly developed. Petals violet. Stamens 10-12, borne -upon a short androphore. Ovary with a long stalk. Herbs. Leaves -ternately compound.—Species 2. East Africa. (Under <i>Cleome</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chilocalyx</b> Klotzsch<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube none.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Stamens inserted upon a stalk-like androphore, 6, all fertile. Ovary stalked.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves digitate.—Species 1. Tropical and South Africa and<br /> -Egypt. Yields vegetables, condiments, and medicaments, and is also -used as an ornamental plant. (<i>Pedicellaria</i> Schrank).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gynandropsis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted upon the receptacle, which is not prolonged into a -distinct androphore.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Stamens numerous or intermixed with staminodes. Herbs. Leaves -digitate.—Species 20. Some of them are used as vegetables. (Including<br /> -<i>Dianthera</i> Klotzsch and <i>Tetratelia</i> Sond., under <i>Cleome</i> L.)<br /> -(Plate 53.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polanisia</b> Raf.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-6, all fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Disc reduced to 4 small glands. Ovary sessile. Style long. Trees.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleomodendron</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Disc ring- or saucer-shaped, sometimes produced into scales. Herbs or -undershrubs.—Species 30. Some of them are used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleome</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_216">{216}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_88">FAMILY 88.</a> CRUCIFERAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely the lower -opposite, simple, but often divided, without stipules, but frequently -with auricles at the base. Flowers without bracteoles, usually in -racemes, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4. Petals 4, rarely -0. Stamens 6, of which 4 are longer, rarely 2-4, hypogynous, rarely -subperigynous. Glands at the base of the stamens more or less developed. -Ovary superior, 1-2-celled or transversely septate, very rarely -3-celled. Ovules parietal, curved. Style simple, with 1-2 stigmas. Fruit -dry, usually 2-valved. Albumen scanty or wanting. Embryo curved.—Genera -88, species 420. (Plate 54.)</p> - -<p> -1. Hairs, all or some of them, branched, at least at the base. Stigma more -developed above the placentas than between them. [Tribe HESPERIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Hairs simple or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad, or broader than long.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -3. Fruit-valves with a horn-like appendage. Radicle of the embryo accumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves without an appendage, but the style sometimes appendaged.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit-valves with a basal appendage. Seeds margined. Style appendaged -at the base. Petals violet. Lateral sepals gibbous at the base.<br /> -Herbs covered with glandular tubercles.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lonchophora</b> Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with an apical appendage. Seeds not margined. Petals -white, yellow, or red. Plants without glandular tubercles.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit-valves with a forked appendage. Petals pink. Leaves linear, -entire. Undershrubs.—Species 1. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parolinia</b> Webb<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with an entire appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit-valves with a blunt appendage below the apex. Petals red. Leaves -oblong or ovate, sinuate or toothed. Undershrubs with star-shaped -hairs.—Species 5. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diceratella</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with a pointed appendage at the apex. Petals white or -yellow. Leaves linear. Herbs with 2-cleft hairs.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Notoceras</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -7. Lateral glands alone present, one on each side of the lateral stamens.<br /> -Stigmatic lobes usually long and erect, but sometimes united.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Lateral and median (anterior and posterior) glands present, sometimes -blended into a ring. Stigmatic lobes usually short and spreading or -indistinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -8. Plants covered with glandular tubercles. Style with a dorsal gibbosity; -stigma not sharply limited. Seeds flat; radicle accumbent.—Species<br /> -15. North, East, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants or in medicine. “Stock.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Matthiola</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Plants without glandular tubercles. Stigma more or less sharply limited<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_217">{217}</a></span>at the base.<br /> -<br /> -9. Longer filaments united to the top. Sepals connivent. Petals linear, -white or pink. Seeds minute, in two rows. Bracts leaf-like. Leaves -divided into narrow segments.—Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptaleum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Longer filaments free or slightly cohering.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Seeds thick; radicle incumbent. Fruit-valves more or less convex.<br /> -Petals white or pink.—Species 10. North Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants. (Including <i>Maresia</i> Pomel).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malcolmia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds flat; radicle accumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Fruit-valves convex, with a faint middle-nerve, constricted between -the seeds. Sepals saccate at the base. Petals pink. Hairs stellate.—Species<br /> -3. North Africa. (Under <i>Farsetia</i> Desv. or <i>Malcolmia</i> R. Br.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eremobium</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves flat, sometimes keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Fruit-valves projecting inwards between the seeds, thick, obtusely angled.<br /> -Stigma acutely 2-lobed. Sepals erect. Petals pink.—Species 3.<br /> -North and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Morettia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves not projecting between the seeds.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Petals purple, narrow. Sepals erect, not saccate. Stigma acutely 2-lobed.<br /> -Seeds winged. Leaves narrow. Hairs 2-cleft.—Species 13. East -and North Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Farsetia</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals white, rarely yellowish, reddish, or bluish. Fruit-valves with a -faint middle-nerve. Seeds in one row.—Species 15. North, East, and<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Rock-cress.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arabis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. (7.) Median glands 4. Style 2-lobed; stigma dilated, not sharply limited.<br /> -Fruit-valves convex or keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Median glands 2, usually confluent with the lateral ones into a ring.<br /> -Style short, truncate or somewhat depressed at the apex; stigma -usually sharply limited.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Seeds flat; radicle accumbent.—Species 4. North Africa. Used as -ornamental plants or in medicine. “Wallflower.” (Including <i>Dichroanthus</i><br /> -Webb).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cheiranthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds thick; radicle incumbent.—Species 5. North Africa to Abyssinia.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erysimum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Partition of the fruit with two bundles of fibres; valves with a strong -midrib. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species<br /> -4. North Africa to Abyssinia. (Under <i>Sisymbrium</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Descurainia</b> Webb & Berth.<br /> -<br /> -Partition of the fruit without bundles of fibres. Petals white, rarely -yellowish, reddish, or bluish.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Fruit-valves flat, with a faint middle-nerve. Seeds in one row; radicle -accumbent. (See 13.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arabis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_218">{218}</a></span>Fruit-valves more or less convex, with a strong middle-nerve.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Seeds with an accumbent radicle, in 2 rows.—Species 1. South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Arabis</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Turritis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with an incumbent radicle, usually in 1 row.—Species 2. East,<br /> -South, and North Africa, and Cape Verde Islands. (Under <i>Arabis</i> L. or<br /> -<i>Sisymbrium</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenophragma</b> Celak.<br /> -<br /> -19. (2.) Fruit 1-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2- or more-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -20. Sepals petal-like. Petals reddish. Glands none. Ovary 3-celled. Style -very short. Fruit elliptical, much compressed. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schlechteria</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Sepals not petal-like. Petals yellow or whitish. Glands present. Ovary<br /> -2-celled. Fruit orbicular. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Filaments with a tooth-like appendage. Style none. Fruit flat, without a -partition. Radicle accumbent. Fruit-stalk bent back. Leaves linear.<br /> -Hairs star-shaped.—Species 2. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clypeola</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments not appendaged. Style thread-shaped. Fruit thick, with a -rudimentary partition. Radicle incumbent. Fruit-stalk erect or -spreading. Cauline leaves sagittate. Hairs 2-3-cleft.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Vogelia</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neslia</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -22. Fruit 2-4-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Fruit many-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -23. Petals yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Petals white or reddish.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -24. Sepals, at least the lateral, saccate at the base. Filaments without an -appendage. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit with laterally compressed, boat-shaped -valves and a linear partition. Seeds 2-3; radicle incumbent.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 1.<br /> -Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachnocapsa</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals not saccate. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in spikes or racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Median and lateral glands present. Filaments without an appendage.<br /> -Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit winged, 4-celled, indehiscent. Seeds 4; funicle -very short. Embryo spirally twisted; radicle incumbent. Plants -covered with glandular tubercles. Leaves toothed.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bunias</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Median glands absent. Filaments usually appendaged. Stigma obscurely -lobed. Fruit dehiscing in two valves. Embryo not spiral; radicle -accumbent. Plants without glandular tubercles.—Species 13. North -and South Africa. Some are used in medicine or as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Meniocus</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alyssum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -26. Fruit-valves with a large, wing-like appendage near the top, projecting -inwards between the seeds. Style long. Seeds 4. Leaves toothed.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. “Rose of Jericho.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anastatica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_219">{219}</a></span>Fruit-valves without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Fruit-valves boat-shaped, laterally compressed; partition narrow. Stigma -sessile. Seeds 4.—Species 2. North Africa. (Including <i>Hinterhubera</i><br /> -Reichb. and <i>Hornungia</i> Reichb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hutchinsia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves flat or convex, dorsally or not compressed; partition -broad.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Fruit-valves strongly convex; partition thick, woody. Fruit elliptical, -tapering into the style. Seeds 2. Median glands wanting. Flowers -short-stalked.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euclidium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves flat or slightly convex; partition thin, membranous.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Median glands wanting. Partition of the fruit without fibres. Fruit -orbicular. Spinous undershrubs.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Alyssum</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ptilotrichum</b> C. A. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Median and lateral glands present. Partition of the fruit with scattered -fibres.—Species 6. North and South Africa, Cape Verde Islands, and<br /> -St. Helena. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (<i>Koniga</i><br /> -Adans., under <i>Alyssum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lobularia</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -30. Petals yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Petals white or red.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -31. Sepals, at least the lateral, saccate at the base. Shorter filaments with a tooth-like -appendage. Fruit elliptical, flat. Seeds numerous, winged.—Species<br /> -1. North-east Africa (Egypt). (Under <i>Farsetia</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fibigia</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals not saccate.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Filaments, at least some of them, with an appendage, more rarely without, -but then, as usually, seeds 2-8. Fruit-valves marked with a mid-rib at -the base. (See 25.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alyssum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments without an appendage. Seeds 10 or more. Fruit-valves with -the mid-rib extending to the top.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Fruit ovate or elliptical, with rather flat valves and a faint middle-nerve.<br /> -Radicle accumbent.—Species 5. North-west Africa. Some are -used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Erophila</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Draba</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit obovate or pear-shaped, with very convex valves and a strong middle-nerve.<br /> -Radicle incumbent. Leaves sagittate.—Species 3. North<br /> -Africa. They yield oil and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camelina</b> Crantz<br /> -<br /> -34. Petals red. Stigma 2-cleft. Seeds winged. Hairs 2-cleft. (See 13.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Farsetia</b> Turr.<br /> -<br /> -Petals white. Stigma entire or notched. Seeds not winged.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Valves of the fruit flat or slightly convex, with a faint middle-nerve; -partition broad. Radicle accumbent. Leaves undivided. (See 33.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Draba</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_220">{220}</a></span>Valves of the fruit boat-shaped; partition narrow. Radicle incumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Fruit broadened or notched at the apex.—Species 1. North Africa and -northern East Africa, also naturalized in South Africa and the islands -of St. Helena and St. Thomas. Used medicinally. “Shepherds purse.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capsella</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit rounded or pointed at the apex. (See 27.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hutchinsia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -37. (1.) Stigma equally developed all round. Style-apex entire, rarely notched -at right angles to the placentas. Cotyledons usually folded or twisted.<br /> -[Tribe THELYPODIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -Stigma more developed above the placentas than between them. Style-apex -entire or 2-lobed. [Tribe SINAPEAE.].<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -38. Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad. Cotyledons transversely folded -or spirally twisted.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -39. Fruit without a partition, oblong, with convex, angled valves. Seed-coat -spongy. Cotyledons neither folded nor twisted; radicle accumbent.<br /> -Leaves roundish.—Species 1. Island of Kerguelen. Used as a vegetable -and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pringlea</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a partition. Cotyledons folded or twisted; radicle incumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Sepals connivent, the lateral saccate at the base. Petals white. Fruit -oblong. Seeds flat. Cotyledons twice inflected lengthwise. Leaves -reniform-cordate.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chamira</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals erect, not saccate. Cotyledons rolled inwards or folded transversely.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Seeds turgid, separated by transverse partitions. Fruit linear. Petals -blue or red. Leaves linear.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carponema</b> Sond.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds flat, not separated by transverse partitions, but the fruit often constricted -between the seeds.—Species 60. South Africa. Some are -used as ornamental plants. (Plate 54.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heliophila</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -42. Fruit 1-seeded. Seed winged. Leaves thread-shaped.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Palmstruckia</b> Sond.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2- or more-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Fruit dehiscent, rather flat, with usually more than 2 seeds. (See 41.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heliophila</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent, 2-seeded. Leaves linear or lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Fruit compressed dorsally; valves with elevated ridges radiating from -the centre. Style long. Seeds flat; cotyledons folded. Petals red.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cycloptychis</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit compressed laterally; valves ventricose; dissepiment very narrow.<br /> -Style short. Seeds subglobose; cotyledons involute. Petals yellow -or red.—Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachycarpaea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -45. (37.) Fruit at least 4 times as long as broad.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_221">{221}</a></span>Fruit less than 4 times as long as broad, or broader than long.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -46. Fruit transversely divided into two or more fertile cells. Cotyledons -folded; radicle incumbent. [Subtribe <small>BRASSICINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes produced into a seedless -beak.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -47. Fruit with 2 transverse cells (joints).<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 3 or more transverse cells.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -48. Upper joint of the fruit 3-4-seeded, flat. Seeds oblong. Petals -yellow. Undershrubs.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemicrambe</b> Webb<br /> -<br /> -Upper joint of the fruit 1-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -49. Fruit-valves flat, usually 1-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves convex.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -50. Sepals connivent, the lateral saccate. Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes -long, erect, connate.—Species 7. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moricandia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals spreading, not saccate. Stigmatic lobes short. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species<br /> -10. North Africa, northern Central Africa, and<br /> -Island of St. Thomas; one species also naturalized in South Africa.<br /> -The seeds of some species are used as a condiment.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplotaxis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -51. Beak of the fruit flat, sharp-edged. Valves usually 3-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -Beak of the fruit cylindrical or conical, terete or but slightly flattened.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -52. Petals red. Lateral sepals saccate. Seeds ovoid. Fruits erect. Leaves -dissected.—Species 2. North Africa. (Under <i>Erucaria</i> Gaertn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Reboudia</b> Coss. & Durieu<br /> -<br /> -Petals yellow or whitish with violet veins. Seeds globose. Leaves -lyrate.—Species 5. North Africa, one species also cultivated in the<br /> -Mascarene Islands. The white mustard (<i>S. alba</i> L.) yields salad, oil, -condiments, and medicaments. (Under <i>Brassica</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sinapis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -53. Lower joint of the fruit indehiscent, narrower than the upper one, 3-4-seeded.<br /> -Petals yellow. Lateral sepals saccate.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Rapistrum</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cordylocarpus</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Lower joint of the fruit dehiscing in two valves, as broad as the upper -one, rarely narrower, but then petals violet.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -54. Seeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Petals -yellow or white, sometimes with violet veins.—Species 25, five of -them only cultivated or naturalized. Some species yield vegetables, -salad, oil, condiments, or medicaments, especially <i>B. oleracea</i> L., cabbage,<br /> -<i>B. campestris</i> L., rapeseed, <i>B. Napus</i> L., turnip, and <i>B. nigra</i> Koch, -black mustard. (Including <i>Melanosinapis</i> Schimp. & Spenn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brassica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds ovoid or oblong. Leaves pinnatipartite.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -55. Fruit-valves net-veined with a strong midrib. Cotyledons truncate.<br /> -Sepals spreading. Petals white or yellow.—Species 6. North and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_222">{222}</a></span>East Africa. (Including <i>Hirschfeldia</i> Moench, under <i>Brassica</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erucastrum</b> Presl<br /> -Fruit-valves with several longitudinal nerves. Sepals connivent. Petals -violet.—Species 4. North Africa. (Including <i>Hussonia</i> Coss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erucaria</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -56. Seeds pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -Seeds partly (the upper ones) erect.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -57. Fruit flat or 4-angled. Stem very short. Leaves radical. Flowers -solitary, axillary.—Species 3. North-west Africa. (<i>Raffenaldia</i><br /> -Godr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cossonia</b> Durieu<br /> -<br /> -Fruit turgid. Stem branched. Leaves radical and cauline. Flowers -racemose.—Species 2, one spontaneous in North Africa and naturalized -in South Africa, the second (<i>R. sativus</i> L.) cultivated and naturalized -in various regions. The latter yields salad, oil, and medicaments.<br /> -“Radish.” (<i>Raphanus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphanus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -58. Lower joint of the fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, 1-4-seeded. Hispid herbs.<br /> -Leaves lyrate, the upper toothed. Flowers, at least the lower, subtended -by bracts.—Species 4. North Africa to Nubia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enarthrocarpus</b> Labill.<br /> -<br /> -Lower joint of the fruit 2-celled lengthwise, usually dehiscing in two -valves, 4-12-seeded. Almost glabrous herbs. Leaves dissected.<br /> -Flowers without bracts. (See 55).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erucaria</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -59. (46.) Fruit 1-seeded, flat, winged, 6-nerved, indehiscent. Stigma sessile.<br /> -Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow. Leaves undivided.—Species 5.<br /> -North Africa. Woad (<i>I. tinctoria</i> L.) yields a dye, other species are used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isatis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2- or more-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Fruit-valves flat, but sometimes with a prominent midrib.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves convex or keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -61. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes connate. Median glands none.<br /> -Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals -violet or purple. Glabrous plants.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic lobes short or not developed. Median, sometimes confluent, -glands besides the lateral ones present, rarely only the latter, but then -radicle accumbent. Radicle accumbent or incumbent; in the latter -case cotyledons flat, rarely folded, but then sepals not saccate.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -62. Seeds broadly winged, in a single row. Fruit broadly linear. Petals -with a broad claw. Shrubs. Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, entire.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Including <i>Oudneya</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Henophyton</b> Coss. & Durieu<br /> -<br /> -Seeds narrowly or not winged. Fruit narrowly linear. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Leaves undivided, the upper stem-clasping, or pinnately -divided. (See 50.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moricandia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -63. Radicle of the embryo incumbent. Seeds usually in 2 rows. Leaves, at -least the lower, pinnately divided.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_223">{223}</a></span>Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Seeds usually in a single row.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -64. Seeds oblong. Cotyledons not folded. Sepals converging or erect, the -lateral saccate at the base. Petals purple or violet.—Species 2. North<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammosperma</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds ovoid or globose. Cotyledons folded. Fruit-valves 1-nerved.<br /> -Sepals erect or spreading, not saccate. (See 50.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplotaxis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -65. Fruit-valves without distinct veins, opening elastically. Fruit linear or -linear-lanceolate. Seeds in a single row, oblong or elliptical, not winged.<br /> -Sepals not saccate. Leaves usually pinnately divided.—Species 8. Some -of them are used as salad or in medicine. “Bittercress.” <b>Cardamine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with distinct veins, not elastic. Fruit linear. Leaves usually -undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -66. Fruit-valves with a faint midnerve. Seeds in a single row. (See 13.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arabis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with a prominent midnerve. Seeds in two rows, ovoid.<br /> -Sepals spreading. Petals white. Leaves undivided. (See 18.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Turritis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -67. (60.) Median glands absent. Fruit-valves with a prominent midnerve.<br /> -Cotyledons convex or folded; radicle incumbent. Sepals erect or -converging. Petals yellow or violet. Glabrous plants.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -Median and lateral glands present, sometimes blended into a ring, rarely<br /> -(<i>Nasturtium</i>) median glands absent, but then fruit-valves with a faint -or scarcely visible midnerve. Sepals erect or spreading. Petals white -or yellow, sometimes with red or violet veins.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -68. Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, sometimes cohering. Cotyledons -folded. (See 50.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moricandia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Petals yellowish. Stigmatic lobes short or imperceptible. Seeds in a -single row, oblong. Cotyledons convex. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa to Nubia. Used as a vegetable.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conringia</b> Heist.<br /> -<br /> -69. Radicle of the embryo accumbent. Sepals not saccate.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -Radicle of the embryo incumbent; cotyledons usually folded.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -70. Fruit-valves with a strong midnerve. Seeds in a single row. Petals -yellow.—Species 3. North, East, and South Africa, also naturalized in -the Mascarene Islands. Used as vegetables, salad, or fodder. “Wintercress.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barbarea</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with a faint midnerve not reaching to the top. Seeds usually -in two rows.—Species 15. Some of them (especially <i>N. officinale</i><br /> -R. Br., watercress) yield salad, condiments, and medicaments. (Including<br /> -<i>Roripa</i> Scop.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nasturtium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -71. Cotyledons not folded. Fruit not beaked; valves with 1-3 strong ribs.<br /> -Glands confluent into a ring.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -Cotyledons folded. Fruit usually beaked.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -72. Style-apex truncate beneath the stigma. Seeds striate. Petals white.<br /> -Leaves broad-cordate, toothed.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_224">{224}</a></span>Used medicinally. (Under <i>Sisymbrium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alliaria</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex notched beneath the stigma. Petals usually yellow.—Species<br /> -25. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine. (Including <i>Kibera</i><br /> -DC. and <i>Nasturtiopsis</i> Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sisymbrium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -73. Fruit with a flat, sharp-edged beak, dehiscing in two valves. Seeds -globular. Herbs with lyrate leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a cylindrical or conical, terete or slightly flattened beak, or -without a beak.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -74. Fruit-valves with a single strong longitudinal nerve. Seeds in 2 rows.<br /> -Sepals converging. Fruits erect, pressed against the stem.—Species 4.<br /> -North Africa and northern East Africa. The seeds are used as a condiment -or in medicine. (Including <i>Rytidocarpus</i> Coss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eruca</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit valves with 3 longitudinal nerves. Seeds in 1 row. Sepals spreading.<br /> -(See 52.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sinapis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -75. Seeds oblong. Fruit-valves with a strong midrib. Lateral sepals saccate.<br /> -Petals yellow. Undershrubs. Leaves undivided.—Species 6. Madeira -and Cape Verde Islands. (Under <i>Brassica</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sinapidendron</b> Lowe<br /> -<br /> -Seeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Fruit indehiscent, spongy. Leaves lyrate. (See 57.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphanus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing in two valves. (See 54.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brassica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -77. (45.) Fruit indehiscent, transversely divided into 2-7 cells (joints), the -lowest cell sometimes seedless.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes prolonged into a seedless -beak.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -78. Fruit 3-7-jointed, oblong, flat. Style rather long. Seeds solitary in -each cell, pendulous. Sepals erect or connivent, the lateral saccate.<br /> -Stem very short. Leaves radical, lyrate. Flowers solitary, axillary.<br /> -(See 57.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cossonia</b> Durieu<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2-jointed. Flowers racemose.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -79. Fruit compressed, the lower joint with a pendulous, the upper with -an erect seed. Stigma sessile. Radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals -saccate. Petals pale-violet or rose-coloured.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cakile</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not essentially compressed. Radicle incumbent. Cotyledons folded.<br /> -Petals white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -80. Upper joint of the fruit with a partition and an erect seed; lower joint<br /> -1-2-seeded or seedless. Sepals spreading. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species<br /> -7. North Africa; one species also naturalized in South Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Ceratocnemon</i> Coss. et Balansa, <i>Didesmus</i> Desv., <i>Otocarpus</i><br /> -Durieu, and <i>Rapistrella</i> Pomel).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rapistrum</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Upper joint of the fruit without a partition, one-seeded; lower joint -seedless. Sepals not saccate. Petals white.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -81. Upper joint of the fruit tubercled, beaked. Seed erect or pendulous from -the top of the cell. Cotyledons not lobed. Sepals suberect. Filaments -not toothed. Leaves lobed.—Species 2. North-west Africa. (Including<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_225">{225}</a></span><i>Kremeria</i> Coss.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Muricaria</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Upper joint of the fruit ribbed or smooth, not beaked. Seed pendulous -from the long, ascending funicle. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Sepals spreading.—Species<br /> -7. North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables<br /> -(sea-kale).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crambe</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -82. (77.) Fruit prolonged into a broad beak. Radicle incumbent. Petals yellow, -often marked with violet veins.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not distinctly beaked.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -83. Fruit indehiscent, 1- or 3-celled, with a single perfect seed and usually a -rudimentary one below it. Seed oblong. Herbs. Leaves toothed, -lobed, or cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing in 2 valves, completely or incompletely 2-celled, with 2 or -more seeds, but the seed of one cell sometimes rudimentary (in this case -shrubs). Seeds globose or nearly so. Cotyledons folded.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -84. Fruit 1-celled, with an oblique, sword-shaped beak.—Species 1. North-east<br /> -Africa (Egypt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schimpera</b> Hochst. & Steud.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 3-celled, with a broad, hollow, chambered beak.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myagrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -85. Fruit with 2 seeds. Longer filaments united in pairs. Small shrubs.<br /> -Leaves entire.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 6 or more seeds. Filaments free. Herbs. Leaves divided, -at least some of them.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Fruit with 6-8 seeds and a leaf-like beak. Leaves twice pinnately dissected.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carrichtera</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with many seeds and a sword-shaped beak. Leaves lyrate or undivided.<br /> -(See 74.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eruca</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -87. (82.) Fruit 1-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2- or more-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -88. Fruit slightly or not compressed, ovoid, with a crusty rind. Seed globular.<br /> -Cotyledons folded; radicle incumbent. Petals white. Filaments -without an appendage. Glands confluent. Radical leaves pinnately -divided. Fruit-stalks spreading-erect.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calepina</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much compressed. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -89. Sepals petal-like. Petals rose-coloured. Filaments without an appendage.<br /> -Glands wanting. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit elliptical. Radicle accumbent.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves entire. (See 20.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schlechteria</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Sepals not petal-like. Glands present. Ovary 2-celled. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -90. Petals rose-coloured. Longer filaments with a tooth-like appendage.<br /> -Median glands wanting. Apex of the style truncate beneath the stigma.<br /> -Fruit discoid, winged.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aethionema</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Petals yellow. Filaments without an appendage. Median and lateral<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_226">{226}</a></span>glands confluent into a ring. Apex of the style more or less 2-lobed -beneath the stigma. Fruit with 6 longitudinal nerves. Fruit-stalks -bent downwards. (See 59.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isatis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -91. (87.) Fruit 2-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 4- or more-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -92. Fruit much compressed from the back, oblong, with a soon vanishing -partition and flat, net-veined valves. Seeds horizontal, winged; -radicle accumbent. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals pale-violet. Leaves -pinnatisect.—Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ricotia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit compressed from the side, and then with a narrow partition, or not -compressed; partition well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -93. Fruit distinctly compressed laterally.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not distinctly compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -94. Fruit moderately compressed, with a lanceolate or elliptical partition, -opening by 2 valves. Seeds pendulous; radicle incumbent, rarely -obliquely accumbent; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the -embryo. Petals white, more rarely yellowish or wanting.—Species 20.<br /> -Some of them (especially <i>L. sativum</i> L., garden-cress) yield salad, oil, and -medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepidium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit strongly compressed, with a linear partition.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -95. Seeds horizontal, inserted in the middle of the cell. Radicle short, accumbent; -cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo. Petals -yellow. Median and lateral glands present.—Species 6. North<br /> -Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Biscutella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds pendulous from the top of the cell. Petals, when present, white, -red or violet.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -96. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons inserted behind the bend of the embryo.<br /> -Style very short. Fruit reniform, wrinkled, indehiscent.—Species 7.<br /> -Some of them are used medicinally. (<i>Senebiera</i> Poir.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coronopus</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Radicle accumbent; cotyledons inserted at the bend of the embryo.<br /> -Style distinctly developed. Fruit ovate. Outer petals larger than -the inner. Median glands wanting.—Species 4. North-west Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. “Candytuft.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iberis L.</b><br /> -<br /> -97. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, globular, prickly, with a pierced partition.<br /> -Style subulate, with short, blunt lobes. Seeds globose, with a thread-shaped -funicle. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded, inserted -at the bend of the embryo. Sepals erect. Petals yellow. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves pinnatisect.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Succowia</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent, with a thick partition. Style conical. Seeds with a -very short funicle.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -98. Fruit angular-subglobose, tubercled. Style very short, with short lobes.<br /> -Seeds oblong. Radicle obliquely accumbent; cotyledons inserted -behind the bend of the embryo. Sepals spreading. Petals yellow.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided.—Species 1. North-east Africa<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_227">{227}</a></span>(Egypt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ochthodium</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit ovoid. Style rather long, with long lobes. Radicle incumbent; -cotyledons folded, inserted at the bend of the embryo. Sepals erect.<br /> -Petals rose-coloured. Spinous shrubs. Leaves undivided.—Species 2.<br /> -North Africa to Nubia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zilla</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -99. (91.) Fruit compressed from the back or not compressed; hence partition -as broad as the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -Fruit laterally compressed; partition narrower than the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -100. Seeds 4, in a single row, flat, with a long free funicle; radicle accumbent.<br /> -Fruit with a soon vanishing partition; valves flat, without a distinct -median nerve; style very short. Lateral sepals saccate. Petals -violet. Only two lateral glands present. Leaves pinnately dissected.<br /> -Fruit-stalks bent downwards. (See 92.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ricotia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds more than 4, nearly always in two rows. Fruit with a persistent -partition. Sepals not saccate.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -101. Seeds flat, winged. Funicle adnate to the partition at the base. Radicle -incumbent; cotyledons folded. Fruit with a stalk-like appendage at -the base; valves slightly convex. Petals rose or violet. Leaves -undivided or lobed.—Species 2. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Savignya</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds turgid or flat but not winged. Funicle free. Radicle accumbent.<br /> -Petals white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Fruit-valves with a very faint median nerve not reaching the top, or without<br /> -a distinct median nerve, convex. Seeds turgid. Style-apex lobed.<br /> -Median and lateral glands developed. (See 70.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nasturtium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves with a distinct median nerve reaching the top. Median -glands wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -103. Fruit-valves distinctly convex. Seeds turgid. Style-apex truncate -beneath the stigma. Petals white. Filaments curved.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in the Island of St. Helena. (Under <i>Cochlearia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kernera</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves rather flat. Style-apex lobed or depressed beneath the -stigma. Glands 4. Leaves undivided. (See 33.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Draba</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -104. (99.) Median and lateral glands present. Sepals erect. Fruit winged.<br /> -Style long. Seeds numerous. Radicle incumbent; cotyledons folded.<br /> -Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -Median glands absent. Style short, rarely long, but then radicle accumbent.<br /> -Cotyledons not folded.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -105. Petals white, with dark veins. Fruit obcordate. Style-apex shortly -and obtusely lobed. Hispid herbs.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psychine</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Petals violet or red. Fruit ovoid. Style-apex distinctly and acutely<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_228">{228}</a></span>lobed. Glabrous herbs.—Species 1. North Africa and Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schouwia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -106. Stamens more or less perigynous. Petals white. Seeds 4-6. Cotyledons -inserted behind the bend of the embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -Stamens hypogynous. Cotyledons inserted at the bend of the embryo.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -107. Filaments with an appendage at their base. Fruit winged above. Style -short. Seeds 4. Radicle accumbent. Leaves lanceolate, ovate, or -pinnatipartite.—Species 2. North-west Africa. Used as vegetables.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Teesdalia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments without an appendage. Fruit not winged. Style absent.<br /> -Seeds 6. Radicle incumbent. Leaves linear.—Species 1. High -mountains of East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Subularia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -108. Filaments, at least the longer ones, with a tooth-like appendage. Lateral -sepals saccate at the base. Petals rose-coloured. Style short. Radicle -incumbent. Flowers in racemes. (See 90.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aethionema</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments without an appendage. Sepals not saccate.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -109. Flowers solitary in the axils of the radical, undivided leaves. Petals -rose-coloured. Fruit-valves wingless, separating from the laterally -dilated placentas. Seeds 6. Radicle incumbent.—Species 2. North-west<br /> -Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ionopsidium</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes. Fruit-valves separating from the narrow or thickened -but not dilated placentas, or fruit indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -110. Fruit-valves not winged. Fruit oblong or ovate. Petals white. Leaves -pinnately divided. (See 27.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hutchinsia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-valves winged.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -111. Radicle accumbent. Petals white or rose. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -6. North Africa and Abyssinia. Used medicinally. “Penny-cress.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thlaspi</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Radicle incumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -112. Fruit oblong or elliptical. Stigma sessile. Petals white or yellow.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 2. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Including<br /> -<i>Pastorea</i> Tod.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bivonaea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit obcordate. Stigma borne upon a short style. Funicle free. Petals -white. (See 36.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capsella</b> DC.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER RESEDINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_89">FAMILY 89.</a> RESEDACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, -irregular. Sepals 4-8. Petals 2-8, free, rarely 0. Disc hypogynous, -one-sided, rarely wanting. Stamens 3-40, free or united at the base. -Carpels 2-6, superior and usually stalked, open at the top, distinct or -united and then forming a 1-celled ovary. Ovules inverted. Stigmas -sessile. Seeds reniform, exalbuminous, with a curved embryo.—Genera 6, -species 45. (Plate 55.)</p> - -<p> -1. Carpels 5-6, distinct or cohering at the base only. Petals 5. Leaves -lanceolate, entire.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_55" style="width: 369px;"> -<a href="images/plt_055.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_055.jpg" width="369" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RESEDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. APR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 55.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Oligomeris glaucescens Cambess.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Petal. <i>D</i> Stamens. <i>E</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise and across. <i>F</i> Fruit. <i>G</i> Seed cut lengthwise. <i>H</i> Part of a -branch with clusters of leaves.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_56" style="width: 369px;"> -<a href="images/plt_056.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_056.jpg" width="369" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>DROSERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 56.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Drosera Burkeana Planch.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Petal. <i>D</i> Flower without the -corolla (the calyx cut lengthwise). <i>E</i> Style. <i>F</i> Older flower. <i>G</i> -Older flower cut lengthwise. <i>H</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_229">{229}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Carpels 2-4, united at least to the middle, forming a 1-celled ovary open -at the top with parietal placentation; if carpels united to the middle -only, then petals 4.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Carpels with a single descending ovule attached in the middle of the cell, -stellately spreading when ripe. Shrubs.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astrocarpus</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels with 2-3 basal ovules. Herbs.—Species 3. North and Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caylusea</b> St. Hil.<br /> -<br /> -3. Petals none. Sepals 6. Stamens 10-30, hypogynous. Stigmas 3.<br /> -Fruit berry-like, closed at the top. Shrubs. Leaves linear.—Species<br /> -5. North Africa and northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ochradenus</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 2-8. Fruit capsular, open at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Petals 2. Disc wanting. Stamens 3-10, hypogynous. Ovary sessile.<br /> -Stigmas 4. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 6. South Africa and<br /> -North Africa to Nubia. (Plate 55.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oligomeris</b> Cambess.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4-8. Disc present.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Petals perigynous, 6-8. Stamens perigynous, numerous. Disc double.<br /> -Stigmas 2-3. Shrubs.—Species 2. North Africa and northern<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Randonia</b> Coss.<br /> -<br /> -Petals hypogynous, 4-7. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary stalked. Herbs -or undershrubs.—Species 30. North Africa and northern East Africa; -one species also introduced in South Africa. Some species (especially<br /> -<i>R. luteola</i> L.) yield a dye, oil, and medicaments, others (especially <i>R. -odorata</i> L.) are used as ornamental plants and in perfumery. “Mignonette.”<br /> -(Including <i>Luteola</i> Tourn.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Reseda</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MORINGINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_90">FAMILY 90.</a> MORINGACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate. Stipules gland-like or wanting. -Flowers in panicles, irregular, hermaphrodite. Petals 5, perigynous, -imbricate in bud. Fertile stamens 5, perigynous, alternating with 5 -staminodes. Anthers 1-celled, turned inwards. Ovary short-stalked, -1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, pendulous, -inverted. Style simple. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo -straight. (Under <i>CAPPARIDACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 6. Five species spontaneous in northern East Africa,<br /> -Madagascar, and Egypt; the sixth (<i>M. oleifera</i> Lam., horse-radish-tree) -cultivated and sometimes naturalized on the coasts of the tropics.<br /> -This species yields gum, fibre, tanners’ bark, fodder, vegetables, oil, condiments, -and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moringa</b> Juss.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER SARRACENIALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_91">FAMILY 91.</a> NEPENTHACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, terminating in a -pitcher. Flowers regular, dioecious. Perianth-segments 4. Stamens 4 or<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_230">{230}</a></span> -more, with united filaments; anthers 2-celled, opening outwards. Ovary -superior, 4-celled. Ovules numerous, axile, inverted. Stigmas 4, -sessile, 2-lobed. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a straight, -axile embryo and fleshy albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Madagascar and Seychelles. Used as ornamental -plants. “Pitcher plant.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nepenthes</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_92">FAMILY 92.</a> DROSERACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves usually covered with glandular hairs and -rolled up in the bud. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-8-lobed or -parted, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-8, usually 5, free, clawed, imbricate -or contorted in aestivation. Stamens 4-20, as many as or more than the -petals, hypogynous or nearly so, free. Anthers usually turned outwards, -opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules numerous -(10 or more), inverted. Styles or style-branches 2-5. Fruit a -loculicidal capsule. Seeds albuminous, with a small embryo.—Genera 3, -species 15. (Plate 56.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 10-20. Styles 5, free, with capitate stigmas. Ovules basal or -nearly so. Undershrubs. Leaves linear, glandular-hairy, rolled up -in the bud. Flowers in corymbs.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Morocco).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drosophyllum</b> Link<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-8. Styles or style-branches 2-5, with not much thickened -stigmas. Ovules parietal. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Blade of the leaves jointed to the stalk, folded lengthwise, surrounded by -bristles, without glands at the edges. Leaves whorled. Flowers -solitary, axillary. Stamens 5. Styles 5, free, with branched stigmas.<br /> -Ovules few, affixed at the middle of the placentas. Floating water-plants.—Species<br /> -1. Upper Nile.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aldrovanda</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Blade of the leaves not jointed, flat, rolled up in the bud, bearing long-stalked -glands at the edges. Ovules numerous.—Species 13. Southern and -tropical Africa. Some species are used in the preparation of liquors and -in medicine. “Sundew.” (Plate 56.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drosera</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER ROSALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER PODOSTEMONINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_93">FAMILY 93.</a> PODOSTEMONACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs resembling mosses or algae. Flowers solitary or in cymes, -usually enclosed when young in a spathe, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 2-3 -minute scales, rarely larger and 3-parted. Stamens 1-4, hypogynous. -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled, with -a central placenta. Ovules numerous, sub-sessile, inverted. Fruit -capsular. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera 9, species 25. Tropical and South -Africa. (Plate 57.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_57" style="width: 369px;"> -<a href="images/plt_057.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_057.jpg" width="369" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PODOSTEMONACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 57.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Tristicha alternifolia Tul.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_58" style="width: 369px;"> -<a href="images/plt_058.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_058.jpg" width="369" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>HYDROSTACHYACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 58.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Hydrostachys multifida A. Juss.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Male flower with its bract. <i>C</i> Female flower, -and ovary cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_231">{231}</a></span></p> - -<p> -1. Flowers without a spathe, regular. Perianth 3-parted. Stamen 1.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3. Leaves undivided.—Species 5. Tropical -and South Africa. (Plate 57.) [Tribe TRISTICHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tristicha</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Flowers at first enclosed in a spathe, irregular. Perianth of 2, rarely of<br /> -3 small scales. Stamens 2-4. Ovary 1-2-celled. Styles 1-2.<br /> -Leaves usually dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Style 1, very short; stigma entire. Ovary 1-celled. Stamens 3-4; -filaments free or nearly so. Stem elongate. Spathe close to the flower.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Angola). [Tribe MARATHREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Angolaea</b> Wedd.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2, free or united at the base. Stamens 2, rarely (<i>Winklerella</i>) 3, -but then filaments united about halfway up. [Tribe PODOSTEMONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Filaments free or nearly so. Ovary stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Filaments obviously united.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit with unequal valves, the persistent valve 5-nerved, the deciduous -one 3-nerved. Stem little branched. Leaves linear or the lower with -two teeth at the base.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ledermanniella</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with two equal, persistent, linear, 5-nerved valves. Stem much -branched. Leaves divided in 2-5 narrow segments.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa. Used as salad.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicraeanthus</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovary and fruit 1-celled, the latter with somewhat unequal valves. Flowers -drooping.—Species 4. Central and South Africa. Used as salad.<br /> -(Including <i>Isothylax</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaerothylax</b> Bisch.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit with unequal valves, one of which falls off, and with prominent ribs.<br /> -Pollen-grains united in pairs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podostemon</b> Mich.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with equal valves.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit smooth, without distinct ribs. Pollen-grains separate. Flowers -drooping.—Species 3. Southern Central Africa. (<i>Leiocarpodicraea</i><br /> -Engl., under <i>Dicraea</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leiothylax</b> Warm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with prominent ribs.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit 2-toothed at the top, with boat-shaped valves, one of them or both -falling off. Pollen-grains separate.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Winklerella</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with persistent valves. Pollen-grains united in pairs.—Species 9.<br /> -Tropics. (Under <i>Podostemon</i> Mich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicraea</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_94">FAMILY 94.</a> HYDROSTACHYACEAE</p> - -<p>Aquatic herbs. Stem tuberous. Leaves with a sheath and a ligule. Flowers -in spikes, bracteate, without a perianth, dioecious. Stamen 1, with -separated<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_232">{232}</a></span> anther-halves (or 2 with united filaments), hypogynous. -Anthers turned outwards. Pollen-grains united in groups of 4. Ovary -1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles -2. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. (Under <i>PODOSTEMONACEAE</i>.) (Plate -58.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrostachys</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER SAXIFRAGINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_95">FAMILY 95.</a> CRASSULACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Stem and leaves usually succulent. -Leaves without stipules. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Petals 3-20, -free or united below, hypogynous or nearly so. Stamens as many or twice -as many as the petals. Filaments free. Anthers turned inwards. Carpels -as many as the petals, free or united at the base, usually with a -scale-like appendage. Ovules numerous, rarely (<i>Crassula</i>) 1-2 in each -carpel. Fruit-carpels follicular. Seeds with a very scanty albumen or -without albumen.—Genera 10, species 400. (Plate 59.)</p> - -<p> -1. Petals free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Petals united below into a distinct, usually long tube.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Stamens as many as the sepals or petals, 3-9, usually 5. Sepals free or -nearly so. Petals white or reddish. Leaves opposite.—Species 180.<br /> -Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Bulliarda</i> DC., <i>Dinacria</i> Harv., <i>Helophytum</i> Eckl. & Zeyh., and <i>Tillaea</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crassula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the sepals, rarely (<i>Sedum</i>) equalling the sepals in -number, but then leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers 4-5-merous, very rarely 6-7-merous. Sepals free or nearly -so. Leaves usually scattered.—Species 25. North Africa and high -mountains of East Africa. Some species are used as vegetables or as -medicinal or ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sedum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 6-20-merous, very rarely 5-merous. Sepals more or less united.<br /> -Leaves usually rosulate.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Scale-like appendages of the carpels broad, petaloid. Petals linear-lanceolate, -inconspicuous, reddish or yellowish.—Species 10. North-west<br /> -Africa. (<i>Petrophyes</i> Webb).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monanthes</b> Haw.<br /> -<br /> -Scale-like appendages of the carpels small or wanting. Petals lanceolate, -brightly coloured.—Species 70. North Africa and northern Central<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “House-leek.”<br /> -(Including <i>Aeonium</i> Webb, <i>Aichryson</i> Webb, and <i>Greenovia</i><br /> -Webb & Berth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sempervivum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-6-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_59" style="width: 331px;"> -<a href="images/plt_059.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_059.jpg" width="331" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CRASSULACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 59.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Kalanchoë laciniata DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -carpels. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_60" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_060.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_060.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SAXIFRAGACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 60.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Brexia madagascariensis Thouars</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_233">{233}</a></span></p> - -<p> -6. Calyx cleft nearly to the middle, large, inflated. Corolla urn- or almost -bell-shaped. Stamens 8. Carpels not diverging. Stigmas capitate.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used -as ornamental or medicinal plants. (<i>Crassuvia</i> Comm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bryophyllum</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx divided to the middle or beyond, usually small.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Calyx divided to the middle, small, bell-shaped. Corolla tube- or bell-shaped; -segments short and broad, triangular to orbicular. Stamens<br /> -8. Carpels diverging. Stigmas capitate.—Species 15. Madagascar.<br /> -(Under <i>Kalanchoe</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kitchingia</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx divided nearly to the base, rarely only to the middle, but then -corolla with oblong, elliptical, or ovate segments. Corolla usually -salver-shaped, with spreading segments. Stigmas obliquely truncate.—Species<br /> -45. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield an aromatic -resin or are used in medicine. (Plate 59.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kalanchoë</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -8. Stamens twice as many as the sepals or petals, 10, rarely 12.—Species 40.<br /> -Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Echeveria</i> DC., <i>Mucizonia</i> DC., <i>Pistorinia</i> DC., and <i>Umbilicus</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotyledon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens as many as the sepals or petals, 5, rarely 6. Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Calyx as long as the corolla-tube, bell-shaped, divided to about the middle.<br /> -Corolla bell-shaped, yellow. Small, stiff, glaucous herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grammanthes</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx shorter than the corolla-tube, divided nearly or quite to the base.<br /> -Corolla funnel-shaped. Thick, succulent herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -4. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rochea</b> DC.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_96">FAMILY 96.</a> SAXIFRAGACEAE</p> - -<p>Petals 4-5, free or united below. Stamens as many or twice as many as -the petals, perigynous or epigynous. Anthers opening by two longitudinal -slits. Ovary 1-7-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Seeds with copious -albumen, rarely (Montinia) without albumen. Genera 11, species 25. -(Including <i>GROSSULARIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 60.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stem herbaceous. Styles 2-5, free. [Subfamily <b>SAXIFRAGOIDEAE</b>.] 2<br /> -Stem woody, rarely (<i>Berenice</i>) herbaceous above, but then style simple.<br /> -Leaves without stipules. Placentas parietal or septal.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, -with 2-3 placentas suspended from the apex of the cell. Leaves -opposite, entire.—Species 4. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vahlia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Stamens 8-10. Ovary 2-5-celled, -with the placentas attached to the dissepiments.—Species 9. North<br /> -Africa and Abyssinia. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_234">{234}</a></span>plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saxifraga</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens 8-10. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, completely or incompletely<br /> -2-5-celled. Styles 2-5, free or united at the base. Corolla with -valvate aestivation. Outer flowers of the inflorescence often barren with -enlarged sepals. Leaves opposite.—Species 1 (<i>H. Hortensia</i> DC.)<br /> -Naturalized in several islands (Madeira, St. Helena, Réunion). An -ornamental plant. [Subfamily <b>HYDRANGEOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrangea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-5. Styles 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary 1-celled, inferior. Style simple with 2 stigmas, or styles 2. Fruit a -berry. Leaves alternate. Flowers hermaphrodite.—Species 2.<br /> -North-west Africa (Algeria). One of them (<i>R. Grossularia</i> L., gooseberry) -yields edible fruit, from which also a drink is prepared. (Including<br /> -<i>Grossularia</i> A. Rich.) [Subfamily <b>RIBESOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ribes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-7-celled, rarely 1-celled, but then leaves opposite and flowers -unisexual. [Subfamily <b>ESCALLONIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovary 1-celled, inferior. Ovules 8-10. Style simple; stigma 2-lobed.<br /> -Flowers unisexual. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grevea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-7-celled. Style simple with an entire or 5-7-lobed stigma, or<br /> -2-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary superior, 5-7-celled. Style simple with a 5-7-lobed stigma.<br /> -Fruit a berry or drupe.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 2-4-celled. Style simple with an entire -stigma or 2-parted. Fruit a capsule. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Sepals persistent. Petals united at the base, campanulately connivent, -rolled back at the tip. Stamens inserted between the lobes of the disc.<br /> -Anthers opening outwards. Ovary pyramidal. Fruit a berry. Embryo -shorter than the seed. Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers -solitary or in few-flowered clusters.—Species 1. Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roussea</b> Smith<br /> -<br /> -Sepals deciduous. Petals free, blunt. Stamens inserted on the margin of -the disc. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary ovoid. Fruit a -drupe with a woody, 1-celled stone. Embryo as long as the seed. Low -trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in umbel-shaped cymes.—Species 2.<br /> -East Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles. The fruits are edible. (<i>Venana</i><br /> -Lam.) (Plate 60.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brexia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -8. Ovary 3-4-celled. Style 1, simple. Petals 5, united at the base. Seeds -linear-oblong. Undershrubs. Leaves serrate. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berenice</b> Tul.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, free or united at the base (sometimes also at the -top, when young). Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary inferior. Flowers 4-merous, unisexual. Petals imbricate in bud.<br /> -Seeds winged, exalbuminous. Leaves entire. Male flowers panicled, -female solitary.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Montinia</b> L.f.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_61" style="width: 329px;"> -<a href="images/plt_061.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_061.jpg" width="329" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PITTOSPORACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 61.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary. <i>D</i> Fruiting branch. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_62" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_062.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_062.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CUNONIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 62.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Weinmannia Hildebrandtii Baill.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_235">{235}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Ovary half-inferior. Flowers 5-merous. Petals valvate in bud. Seeds -albuminous. Leaves glandular-serrate. Flowers in panicles or in -umbel-shaped cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Sepals subulate. Petals ovate. Filaments thin. Seeds oblong. Shrubs -with thin branches. Flowers small, polygamous.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa and southern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Choristylis</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals lanceolate to ovate. Petals linear or oblong. Filaments thick.<br /> -Trees with thick branches. Flowers rather large.—Species 1. Island -of Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Forgesia</b> Comm.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_97">FAMILY 97.</a> PITTOSPORACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers -regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free or nearly so. Petals 5, free or -united below. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Disc none. Ovary superior, sessile -or short-stalked, 1-celled or incompletely 2-5-celled. Style simple; -stigma entire or lobed. Ovules numerous, ascending or horizontal, -inverted, with a single coat. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a -hard albumen and a small embryo situated near the hilum. (Under -<i>SAXIFRAGACEAE</i>.) (Plate 61.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 35. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some -are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pittosporum</b> Banks<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_98">FAMILY 98.</a> CUNONIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. Flowers in -spike-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences, hermaphrodite. Sepals -4-5, free or united at the base. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10, inserted -beneath the disc. Ovary superior, 2-3-celled; ovules 2 or more to each -cell. Styles 2-3, free. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 3, -species 17. South Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. (Under -<b>SAXIFRAGACEAE</b>.) (Plate 62.)</p> - -<p> -1. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals 3-cleft or 3-toothed, shorter than the calyx.<br /> -Disc perigynous, deeply 4-5-lobed. Connective acuminate. Ovary<br /> -2-celled, with 2 pendulous ovules in each cell. Trees. Leaves of 3 -leaflets. Stipules free. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platylophus</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Calyx imbricate in bud. Disc 8-10-lobed. Stipules united in pairs.<br /> -Flowers in clusters arranged in spikes or racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Disc perigynous, adnate to the base of the ovary. Stamens 10. Ovary<br /> -2-celled, with numerous ovules. Seeds compressed, with a narrow wing.<br /> -Leaves compound, with 3 or more leaflets.—Species 1. South Africa.<br /> -Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cunonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc hypogynous, free from the ovary. Seeds hairy.—Species 15. Madagascar -and the neighbouring islands. Some species yield timber, tans, -dyes, and medicaments. (Plate 62.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Weinmannia</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_236">{236}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_99">FAMILY 99.</a> MYROTHAMNACEAE</p> - -<p>Balsamiferous shrubs. Leaves opposite, folded fan-like, undivided, -stipulate. Flowers in spikes, dioecious, without a perianth. Stamens -3-8; connective produced into a point; anthers attached at the base, -opening by lateral slits; pollen-grains cohering in groups of four. -Ovary lobed, 3-4-celled. Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 3-4, free, -short and thick, with broadened stigmas. Fruit capsular or separating -into 2-4 nutlets. Seeds with copious albumen. (Under <i>HAMAMELIDEAE</i> or -<i>SAXIFRAGACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Tropical and South Africa. The resin is used as a -fumigant and in medicine. (Including <i>Myosurandra</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myrothamnus</b> Welw.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_100">FAMILY 100.</a> BRUNIACEAE</p> - -<p>Undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, small, undivided, without -stipules, rarely (<i>Staavia</i>) with gland-like stipules. Flowers in heads, -more rarely in spikes or racemes or solitary, hermaphrodite, 5-merous, -very rarely 4-merous. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Petals -free or united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternate -with the petals. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary -inferior or half-inferior, rarely (<i>Lonchostoma</i>) almost superior, -1-3-celled. Ovules 1-4 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style 1-3. -Fruit a capsule or nut. Seeds with a copious albumen and a minute embryo -next the hilum.—Genera 12, species 55. South Africa. (Plate 63.)</p> - -<p> -1. Anthers linear or oblong, with parallel, wholly adnate cells. Petals clawed, -the claw without distinct glands. Ovary and receptacle (calyx-tube) -glabrous. Style 1, with 2-3 punctiform stigmas. [Tribe AUDOUINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Anthers sagittate or cordate, with partly free and divergent cells. [Tribe<br /> -BRUNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 3-celled. Ovules 6. Stigmas 3. Connective prolonged beyond -the anther-cells, strap-shaped. Receptacle obconical. Petals red.<br /> -Flowers in head-like spikes. Bracteoles 7-10.—Species 1. Cape<br /> -Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Audouinia</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled or later on 1-celled. Ovules 4 or 8. Stigmas 2. Connective -not prolonged. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Flowers solitary or in -racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary inferior. Receptacle obconical or cupular. Sepals hairy, deciduous.<br /> -Petals lanceolate. Flowers solitary.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thamnea</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary half-inferior. Ovules 4. Receptacle globular-urceolate. Sepals -glabrous, persisting in fruit. Petals obovate, white. Flowers in -racemes. Bracteoles 6.—Species 1. Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tittmannia</b> Brongn.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_63" style="width: 328px;"> -<a href="images/plt_063.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_063.jpg" width="328" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BRUNIACECAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 63.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_64" style="width: 320px;"> -<a href="images/plt_064.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_064.jpg" width="320" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>HAMAMELIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 64.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Trichocladus ellipticus Eckl. and Zeyh.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (the petals cut off -excepting one). <i>C</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_237">{237}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -4. Anthers sagittate. Petals sessile or with a glandless claw. Ovary 2-celled -with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit consisting of 2 dehiscing parts.<br /> -Flowers in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Anthers cordate. Petals clawed, the claw with 2 glands.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Petals with the claws united into a tube. Sepals, anthers, and ovary -hairy. Ovary almost superior. Bracteoles 2.—Species 3. Cape<br /> -Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lonchostoma</b> Wickstr.<br /> -<br /> -Petals sessile, free. Flowers glabrous. Sepals very short. Ovary almost -inferior. Styles free. Bracteoles 4-8.—Species 3. Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Linconia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1. Style and stigma simple. Glands at the base -of the petals crest-like. Flowers hairy. Fruit indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, or a single style with 2 stigmas. Glands at the -base of the petals tubercle- or pouch-like.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Sepals short and broad, triangular. Stamens curved inwards, shorter than -the petals; anthers shortly cleft. Flowers solitary, axillary, spicately -arranged. Bracteoles thread-shaped.—Species 1. Cape Colony.<br /> -(Under <i>Berzelia</i> Brongn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mniothamnea</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals awl-shaped. Stamens curved outwards, longer than the petals; -anthers deeply cleft. Flowers in heads. Bracteoles club- or spoon-shaped.—Species<br /> -9. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berzelia</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit one-seeded, usually indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Fruit consisting of two dehiscent, usually one-seeded parts. Flowers in -heads.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Receptacle obconical. Sepals united beyond the ovary. Petals short, -with a very short, 2-tubercled claw. Stamens shorter than the petals, -equal. Anthers adnate, shortly cleft. Style short and thick, kneed.—Species<br /> -8. South Africa. (Under <i>Brunia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudobaeckea</b> Nied.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle cylindrical. Sepals free above the ovary. Petals long, with<br /> -a long claw bearing a 2-lobed pouch. Stamens longer than the petals, -unequal, the anterior longer. Anthers versatile, deeply cleft. Style -long or rather long, almost straight. Ovules 2 in each cell. Flowers -in heads.—Species 4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brunia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. Style 1, short and thick; stigmas 2, obliquely terminal, slightly thickened.<br /> -Anthers pointed at the apex. Receptacle rather long. Sepals united -beyond the ovary. Petals oblong, shortly clawed, 2-tubercled at the -base. Bracteoles thread-shaped.—Species 9. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Staavia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2, free or more or less cohering, but then long and thread-shaped; -stigmas simple, terminal. Anthers rounded at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Sepals united beyond the ovary, triangular. Petals oblong, with a short -claw bearing two tubercles at the base. Styles free, kneed above.<br /> -Bracts broad, shorter than the flowers. Bracteoles linear.—Species 8.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_238">{238}</a></span>South Africa. (Under <i>Berardia</i> Sond.) (Plate 63.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Raspalia</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free above the ovary, linear. Petals strap-shaped, with a long claw -bearing two tubercles in the upper part. Styles more or less cohering, -long, almost straight. Bracts narrow, longer than the flowers. Bracteoles -spatulate or sickle-shaped.—Species 5. South Africa. (<i>Berardia</i><br /> -Brongn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diberara</b> Baill.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_101">FAMILY 101.</a> HAMAMELIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Flowers in heads or -head-like spikes, 4-5-merous. Petals narrow, sometimes wanting in the -female flowers. Fertile stamens as many as and alternating with the -petals, sometimes accompanied by staminodes. Filaments free. Anthers -opening by lateral slits or by valves. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 1 in each -cell, pendulous, inverted. Styles 2, free. Fruit capsular. Seeds with a -straight embryo and thin albumen.—Genera 3, species 20. Tropical and -South Africa. (Plate 64.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous, 5-merous. Staminodes none.<br /> -Anthers ovoid., opening by valves. Shrubs. Stipules short and narrow.<br /> -Flowers in many-flowered heads.—Species 3. South and East Africa.<br /> -(Plate 64.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichocladus</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, usually 4-merous. Sepals short. Ovary inferior -or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Staminodes none. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Trees. Flowers -in many-flowered heads, 4-merous.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Franchetia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes as many as and alternate with the stamens. Anthers oblong.<br /> -Shrubs. Stipules long and broad. Flowers in 3-8-flowered head-like -spikes.—Species 15. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Some species -yield timber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicoryphe</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ROSINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_102">FAMILY 102.</a> PLATANACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, palmately lobed; stipules connate. Flowers on a -thickened receptacle in spicately arranged globose heads, monoecious. -Sepals 3-8, free, hairy. Petals the same number, nearly hypogynous. -Stamens as many as and alternating with the petals; connective peltate; -anthers opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Carpels the -same number, free. Ovules solitary, pendulous, straight. Fruit -consisting of achenes densely crowded in a head. Seed with scanty -albumen; cotyledons linear.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p>Genus 1, species 2. Cultivated in North Africa as avenue-trees. -They also yield timber. “Plane.” <b>Platanus</b> L.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_239">{239}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_103">FAMILY 103.</a> ROSACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, stipulate. Receptacle (floral axis) more or less -concave, saucer-, cup-, urn-, or tube-shaped, in the male flowers -sometimes very small. Stamens curved inwards in the bud, usually -numerous. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels -superior, solitary or free, or inferior and then more or less united. -Ovules inverted.—Genera 32, species 230. (Including <i>AMYGDALACEAE</i> and -<i>POMACEAE</i>.) (Plate 65.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovaries 1-10, inferior (adnate to the concave receptacle) and usually -connate. Petals 5. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries (or ovary) superior, free from the receptacle, but sometimes tightly -enclosed by it.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -2. Stem herbaceous. Leaves lobed or dissected. Petals yellow. Stamens 10.<br /> -Carpels 1-10, one-ovuled. Fruiting receptacle dry. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>NEURADOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Petals white or red. Carpels 1-5. Fruiting receptacle -succulent. [Subfamily <b>POMOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers small, with a persisting epicalyx. Carpels 10. Leaves lobed.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa to Nubia, German South West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neurada</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers large. Epicalyx none.—Species 6. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grielum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Carpels 2-5, distinct from each other on their inside, 2-ovuled. Fruit -small. Endocarp bony. Leaves undivided.—Species 3. North-west<br /> -Africa (Algeria). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotoneaster</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 2-5, united as to the ovaries, or carpel 1.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Carpels 3-5, incompletely divided in two cells each; hence cells twice -as many as the style-branches and containing a single ovule each.<br /> -Fruit small. Endocarp membranous. Petals narrow. Leaves undivided.<br /> -Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amelanchier</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels not divided, containing 2 or more ovules each.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovules and seeds more than 2 to each carpel (or ovary-cell). Carpels 5.<br /> -Fruit large. Endocarp cartilagineous. Seed-coat mucilagineous. Leaves -undivided.—Species 1 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> Pers., quince). Cultivated in<br /> -North and South Africa and in some tropical islands. The fruit is -edible and used for the preparation of confectionery and in medicine.<br /> -(Under <i>Pyrus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cydonia</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules and seeds 1-2 to each carpel (or ovary-cell).<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit with a bony endocarp and a mealy mesocarp. Ovules 2, one of -them sterile and covering the fertile one.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a membranous, parchment-like, or cartilagineous endocarp.<br /> -Carpels 2-5.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Style furrowed. Carpel 1. Embryo with coiled cotyledons. Stamens<br /> -10-15. Flowers in racemes. Leaves undivided, persistent.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_240">{240}</a></span>1. Madeira.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chamaemeles</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Style not furrowed. Embryo with flat cotyledons. Leaves usually -lobed or divided and deciduous.—Species 5. North-west Africa.<br /> -They yield timber, tanners’ bark, edible fruits (medlars) and medicaments -and are also used as ornamental plants (hawthorn). (Including<br /> -<i>Crataegus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mespilus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -9. Carpels projecting above the receptacle; hence cells of the fruit reaching -to the cavity at its top. Styles 5, free. Fruit with a membranous -endocarp. Seeds very large, with thick cotyledons. Leaves undivided, -persistent.—Species 1 (<i>E. japonica</i> Lindl., loquat). Cultivated -in North Africa and some tropical islands for its edible fruits.<br /> -(Under <i>Photinia</i> Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriobotrya</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels completely enclosed in the receptacle; hence cells of the fruit -not reaching to its top. Leaves usually deciduous.—Species 8, of -which 6 are growing wild in North Africa, the other two (<i>P. communis</i><br /> -L., pear, and <i>P. Malus</i> L., apple) cultivated in North and South Africa -and Madagascar. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, and edible fruits, -from which also drinks and medicaments are prepared. Several species -are used as ornamental plants. (<i>Pyrus</i> L., including <i>Malus</i> Tourn. and<br /> -<i>Sorbus</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pirus</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -10. (1.) Carpels 2 or more, with 1-2 ovules each, rarely carpel 1, with a -single ovule. Flowers regular. [Subfamily <b>ROSOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Carpel 1, with 2 ovules, sometimes more or less completely 2-celled or -one ovule abortive; in this cases flowers distinctly irregular. Fruit<br /> -a drupe. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -11. Receptacle of the female flowers deeply concave, tube- or urn-shaped, -tightly enclosing the carpels, especially in fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle flat, convex, or moderately concave (cup- or saucer-shaped), -not tightly enclosing the carpels. Carpels 5 or more. Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -12. Carpels numerous. Ovules pendulous. Stamens numerous. Petals 4-6, -large, red, white or yellow, imbricate in bud. Sepals imbricate. Flowers -hermaphrodite. Receptacle becoming succulent in fruit. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves pinnate.—Species 10. North Africa and Abyssinia; also -naturalized in several tropical islands. Used as ornamental plants, and -in the preparation of perfumes and medicaments; some have edible -fruits. [Tribe ROSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rosa</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 1-4. Petals small, yellow or white, or wanting. [Tribe SANGUISORBEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Perianth consisting of an epicalyx, a calyx, and a corolla. Carpels 2-4.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of calyx and corolla, or of epicalyx and calyx, or of the -calyx only.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers hermaphrodite. Epicalyx of 5-6 small segments. Petals broad.<br /> -Stamens 10-12. Shrubs. Leaves pinnatipartite. Flowers in racemes.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_241">{241}</a></span>1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucosidea</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Epicalyx of 4-5 large segments. Petals -narrow. Stamens 20. Trees. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Brayera</i> Kunth)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hagenia</b> Gmel.<br /> -<br /> -15. Perianth consisting of a corolla and a calyx surrounded by several rows -of hooked bristles. Stamens 10 or more. Styles 2, subterminal.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves pinnate. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1. North and<br /> -South Africa. Yields tanning and dyeing materials, and is also used -in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agrimonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of a calyx with an epicalyx, or only of a calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Epicalyx of 4-5 segments alternating with the sepals. Stamens 1-5.<br /> -Ovules ascending. Styles basal. Stigmas capitate. Leaves lobed -or digitate.—Species 25. Some of them yield tanning and dyeing -materials and medicaments. “Lady’s mantle.” (Including <i>Aphanes</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alchimilla</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Epicalyx none. Stigmas more or less penicillate.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious; in the latter case receptacle of -the male flowers resembling that of the female. Leaves pinnate. Flowers -in spikes or heads.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Flower dioecious. Stamens numerous. Receptacle of the male flowers -very small. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -18. Receptacle armed with hooked bristles, at least in fruit. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Stamens 2-5. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acaena</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Fruiting receptacle dry, not -coloured, wrinkled and pitted or winged. Herbs.—Species 10.<br /> -North Africa, one species also introduced in South Africa. Some -species yield tans, dyes, and medicaments, or are used as potherbs.<br /> -(Under <i>Poterium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sanguisorba</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious. Fruiting receptacle somewhat fleshy, coloured, -smooth. Stamens numerous. Spinous shrubs.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Sarcopoterium</i> Spach).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poterium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -20. Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Flowers in spikes. Fruiting -receptacle somewhat fleshy.—Species 2. Canary Islands and<br /> -Madeira.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bencomia</b> Webb<br /> -<br /> -Leaves 1-3-foliolate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Fruiting receptacle cartilaginous, -rarely somewhat fleshy.—Species 40. South Africa and -southern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cliffortia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -21 (11.) Filaments narrowed towards the base. Petals 5, white. Ovules 2.<br /> -Styles terminal. Ripe carpels dry and indehiscent. Herbs. Leaves -pinnatisect. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Algeria). Used as an ornamental plant. (<i>Ulmaria</i> Tourn., under<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_242">{242}</a></span><i>Spiraea</i> L.) [Tribe FILIPENDULEAE].<span class="spc">  </span><b>Filipendula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments broadened at the base. Sepals valvate in bud. Carpels usually -inserted on an elevated receptacle. [Tribe POTENTILLEAE].<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Carpels with 2 ovules each, drupe-like when ripe. Style subterminal.<br /> -Epicalyx none.—Species 30. Many of them yield edible fruits, from -which also drinks are prepared; some are used as ornamental plants, -for tanning, and in medicine. “Bramble.” [Subtribe <small>RUBINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rubus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels with 1 ovule each, nut-like when ripe. Epicalyx nearly always -present.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Ovule ascending. Style persistent, terminal. Herbs. Radical leaves -pinnatisect.—Species 4. North and South Africa; one species also -naturalized in St. Helena. They yield tanning and dyeing materials and -medicaments. “Avens.” [Subtribe <small>DRYADINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule pendulous. Style deciduous. [Subtribe <small>POTENTILLINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Ripe carpels on a greatly enlarged, coloured, and succulent receptacle.<br /> -Petals white. Herbs. Leaves usually trifoliolate.—Species 5. Cultivated -in various regions; one species also growing wild in the Azores,<br /> -Madeira, and the Canary Islands. They yield edible fruits (strawberries), -dyeing and tanning materials, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fragaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ripe carpels on a slightly or not enlarged, not coloured, dry (sometimes -spongy, but not succulent) receptacle. Flowers hermaphrodite.—Species<br /> -10. Some of them yield tanning and dyeing materials, or serve -for the preparation of ink and medicaments, or as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Potentilla</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -25. (10.) Style terminal or nearly so. Ovules pendulous. Flowers regular.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>PRUNOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Style basal. Ovules erect. [Subfamily <b>CHRYSOBALANOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -26. Petals sepaloid. Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. Central and South-east<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pygeum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Petals petaloid.—Species 9; six of them spontaneous in North Africa, -the others, as well as the former, cultivated in various regions. They -yield timber, tanners’ bark, gum, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits<br /> -(plums, cherries, apricots, peaches, almonds), from which also drinks and -confectionery are prepared. Several species are used as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Amygdalus</i> L., <i>Armeniaca</i> Juss., <i>Cerasus</i> Juss., and<br /> -<i>Persica</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prunus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -27. Flowers almost regular. Stamens 10 or more. Carpel inserted at or -near the base of the bell- or funnel-shaped receptacle. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CHRYSOBALANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Flowers distinctly irregular. Fertile stamens 3-20, all on one side of the -flower. Carpel inserted at or near the upper margin of the more or less -tubular receptacle. [Subtribe <small>HIRTELLINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -28. Receptacle swelling on one side; carpel slightly excentrical. Stamens<br /> -10-15. Fruit with a 3-angled stone. Flowers in racemes.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar and Mascarenes. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grangeria</b> Comm.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_65" style="width: 335px;"> -<a href="images/plt_065.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_065.jpg" width="335" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ROSACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 65.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Parinarium congoënse Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Flower from above. -<i>D</i> Unripe fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_66" style="width: 322px;"> -<a href="images/plt_066.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_066.jpg" width="322" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CONNARACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 66.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Connarus Smeathmannii DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> End of branch with young fruits. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed with aril.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_243">{243}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Receptacle not swelling on one side; carpel central. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Fruit with an irregularly 5-angled stone. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa. They yield tanning and dyeing materials, oil, -medicaments, and edible fruits (cocoa-plums).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysobalanus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -29. Filaments united in a long strap. Anthers 10-20. Ovary completely<br /> -1-celled.—Species 17. Central Africa. Some species yield timber<br /> -(<i>Griffonia</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acioa</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Receptacle prolonged above into a scale-like appendage. Stamens 6-7.<br /> -Ovary completely 1-celled. Stipules large.—Species 3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Magnistipula</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without a scale-like appendage. Stipules small.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Ovary completely 1-celled. Fertile stamens 3-10. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species<br /> -3. East Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hirtella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Fertile stamens 10-20. Fruit -usually 2-seeded.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some of -them yield timber, tanners’ bark, medicaments, and edible fruits, from -which also oil, glue, and an inebriating drink are prepared. (<i>Parinari</i><br /> -Aubl.) (Plate 65).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parinarium</b> Juss.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_104">FAMILY 104.</a> CONNARACEAE.</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, but sometimes with 3 -leaflets only, exstipulate. Flowers in fascicles, racemes or panicles, -regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals -5, free, rarely slightly united, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5-10, -free or united at the base. Carpels 1-5, free, superior. Ovules 2 to -each carpel, erect or ascending, straight. Ripe carpels dry, dehiscing -by a longitudinal slit, rarely indehiscent, usually solitary. Seeds with -an aril often adnate to the testa.—Genera 12, species 140. Tropical and -South Africa. (Plate 66.)</p> - -<p> -1. Sepals imbricate in the bud. Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe CONNAREAE.].<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Sepals valvate in the bud. Seeds albuminous. Stamens 10. Carpels 5.<br /> -[Tribe CNESTIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -2. Ripe carpel indehiscent, nearly always 2-seeded. Seeds with a large, -adnate aril. Calyx hardened in fruit. Petals greatly exceeding the -sepals. Stamens 10, very unequal, surrounded by a disc. Carpel 1.<br /> -Flowers in clusters, springing from the old wood.—Species 3. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Gaboon). (<i>Anthagathis</i> Harms).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jollydora</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise, usually 1-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Fruit-carpels narrowed at the base into a distinct stalk. Seeds attached -to the ventral suture, with a free aril. Calyx not enlarged in fruit.—Species<br /> -18. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 66.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Connarus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-carpels not stalked. Seeds attached at their base. Carpels (at the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_244">{244}</a></span>time of flowering) 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in fruit, small, usually flaccid.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Calyx conspicuously enlarged and hardened in fruit, leathery to woody.<br /> -Stamens 10. Carpels 5.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Leaves trifoliolate.—Species 25. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agelaea</b> Sol.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Stamens 10. Carpels 5.<br /> -Styles 2-cleft at the apex. Calyx persistent.—Species 7. Tropics.<br /> -Some are poisonous. (Under <i>Rourea</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Byrsocarpus</b> Schum. & Thonn.<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx tightly clasping the fruit, herbaceous at the time of flowering. Styles -short; stigmas capitate. Seeds with very convex cotyledons.—Species<br /> -40. Tropics. Some are poisonous or used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rourea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not clasping the fruit. Stamens very unequal. Styles long.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Stem twining. Inflorescence paniculate. Calyx leathery at the time -of flowering. Seeds with flat cotyledons.—Species 2. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paxia</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect. Inflorescence racemose-fasciculate. Anther-halves distant -from one another, the pollen-sacs placed crosswise.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa. (<i>Jaundea</i> Gilg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Yaundea</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -8. (1.) Ripe carpel indehiscent, not stalked, with a crusty pericarp. Seeds -enveloped by a thin aril. Carpel 1. Stamens 5-7, alternating with as -many glands. Calyx deeply divided, persistent, but not enlarged in -fruit. Low trees. Leaves unifoliolate. Flowers in clusters.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemandradenia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Receptacle prolonged into a stalk-like androphore. Sepals red, free. Petals -yellow, clawed, with 2 glands above the claw. Styles long. Erect -shrubs.—Species 1. Northern West Africa (Liberia).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dinklagea</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle not prolonged. Petals without glands. Mostly climbing -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Sepals united to the middle, ovate-triangular. Petals linear, four times -as long as the calyx, rolled inwards at the tip. Stamens very unequal.<br /> -Styles long; stigmas lobed.—Species 6. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spiropetalum</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so. Petals not more than twice as long as the calyx.<br /> -Styles short; stigmas capitate.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Fruit-carpels glabrous on the inside, short-haired on the outside, prolonged -into a stalk at the base. Seeds without a distinct aril, but with<br /> -a fleshy testa. Embryo long and narrow. Petals longer than the -calyx.—Species 10. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manotes</b> Sol.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit-carpels covered with long stiff hairs on the inside and usually also -on the outside. Seeds with a very small adnate aril at the base. Petals -as long as or shorter or somewhat longer than the calyx. Stamens -subequal.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cnestis</b> Juss.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_245">{245}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_105">FAMILY 105.</a> LEGUMINOSAE</p> - -<p>Leaves usually compound and stipulate. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, -1-celled. Ovules inserted at the ventral suture. Style simple, but -sometimes with a tooth near the apex. Stigma entire. Fruit 1-, 2-, or -transversely several-celled, opening in two valves or along the ventral -suture, or separating transversely in two or more joints, or -indehiscent.—Genera 261, species 3300 (<i>FABACEAE</i>, including -<i>PAPILIONACEAE</i>, <i>CAESALPINIACEAE</i> and <i>MIMOSACEAE</i>.) (Plate 67.)</p> - -<p> -1. Petals valvate in bud. Flowers regular. Leaves twice pinnate, rarely<br /> -(<i>Acacia</i>) reduced to the broadened stalk. [Subfamily <b>MIMOSOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Petals imbricate in bud or wanting. Flowers more or less irregular (sometimes -nearly regular.)<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Unarmed trees. [Tribe PARKIEAE].<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers in long spikes, yellowish. Fertile stamens 5, sterile ones 10-15.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa. They yield timber, oil, and edible seeds.<br /> -(ovala-seeds)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentaclethra</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in globular or club-shaped heads. Fertile stamens 10.—Species<br /> -7. Tropics. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, vegetables, medicaments, -edible fruits, from which a drink is prepared, and oily seeds, -which are also used as a condiment, a substitute for coffee, a fish-poison, -and for improving bad water.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parkia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -5. Anthers without glands. [Tribe MIMOSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Anthers crowned, at least in the bud, by a sometimes caducous gland.<br /> -Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit dehiscing by two valves which separate from the persistent sutures.<br /> -Petals united below.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing by two valves which do not separate from the sutures, or -indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit and seeds slightly 4-angled, the former prickly. Petals red. Stamens<br /> -8-10. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in heads.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schranckia</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit and seeds flat.—Species 20. Tropics to Egypt, one species -naturalized. Some yield timber or medicaments or serve as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mimosa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit broadly linear. Seeds placed transversely. Petals free, white.<br /> -Stamens 10. Ovary stalked. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Flowers in -heads.—Species 1 (<i>L. glauca</i> Benth.). Naturalized in the Tropics. It -yields timber, fodder, edible fruits, ornamental seeds, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucaena</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit narrowly linear. Seeds placed obliquely or longitudinally.—Species<br /> -7. One of them naturalized in the Tropics, the others natives of Madagascar.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_246">{246}</a></span>Seeds used as ornament. (<i>Acuan</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmanthus</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -9. Seeds albuminous. [Tribe ADENANTHEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe PIPTADENIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Flowers partly (the upper) hermaphrodite, partly (the lower) male or -neuter. Ovary stalked. Ovules numerous. Fruit obliquely-oblong, -opening by two valves. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules membranous, -cordate.—Species 1. Tropics. Used as a vegetable.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neptunia</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers all hermaphrodite. Ovary sessile. Ovules 1-2. Fruit sickle-shaped, -indehiscent. Shrubs. Stipules spinous, recurved.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xerocladia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -12. Flowers partly (the upper) hermaphrodite and yellow, partly (the -lower) neuter and white or red. Fruit not winged. Shrubs or trees.—Species<br /> -12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield ebony-like -wood and medicaments. (<i>Cailliea</i> Guill. & Perr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichrostachys</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly male or female, or all hermaphrodite; -no neuter flowers. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Fruit winged or distinctly 4-angled, transversely septate, indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Fruit neither winged nor distinctly 4-angled.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -14. Fruit 2-winged. Ovary stalked. Flowers sessile.—Species 1. Madagascar -and Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gagnebina</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 4-winged or 4-angled. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Flowers stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Fruit 4-winged.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, a -substitute for soap, poison, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetrapleura</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 4-angled. Leaves with 4-5 pairs of pinnae.—Species 1. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amblygonocarpus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -16. Fruit distinctly dehiscing in two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -17. Seeds few, very flat, winged, with a long funicle.—Species 3. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Newtonia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds numerous, thick, red. Leaflets numerous.—Species 1 (<i>A. pavonina</i><br /> -L.). Naturalized in the tropics. It yields timber, gum, dyes, -medicaments, and edible oily seeds, which are also used as ornaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenanthera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -18. Calyx large, tube- or urn-shaped, with ovate, acute teeth. Stamens -inserted at the base of the petals. Leaves with one pair of pinnae -and several pairs of very large oblong leaflets. Spikes arranged in -panicles.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Yields -timber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calpocalyx</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Calyx small, bell-shaped, with short segments. Stamens free. Leaves -with 2-5 pairs of pinnae and small or rather small leaflets.—Species 3.<br /> -North and Central Africa. They yield timber and edible fruits. (Including<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_247">{247}</a></span><i>Anonychium</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prosopis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -19. (9.) Flowers in heads. Ovary sessile, with many ovules. Fruit transversely -septate. Trees.—Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber -and a substitute for soap. (Under <i>Parkia</i> R.Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or racemes. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Flowers sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Flowers short-stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -21. Calyx saucer-shaped, cleft to the middle. Petals free. Disc cupular, -thick. Fruit large, elliptical, 1-celled. Seeds winged, with a long -funicle. Trees. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of pinnae. Spikes panicled.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fillaeopsis</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Calyx bell-shaped, shortly toothed. Disc inconspicuous or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Petals obviously united below. Fruit 1-celled, opening in two valves.—Species<br /> -13. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some species yield ebony-like -wood.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Piptadenia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free or nearly so. Fruit with thick, persistent sutures, the valves -splitting transversely into one-seeded joints. Endocarp separating -from the exocarp and persisting round the seeds. Shrubs.—Species 10.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especially <i>E. scandens</i> L. -with fruits attaining a yard in length) yield soap-bark, fibre, vegetables, -fish-poison, and edible oily seeds which are also used in medicine and as -ornaments. (<i>Gigalobium</i> P.Br., <i>Pusaetha</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Entada</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -23. Disc cupular, thin. Ovary stalked. Seeds winged. Trees. Leaves -with one pair of pinnae. Flowers with a very short stalk.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. (Including <i>Cyrtoxiphus</i> Harms)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cylicodiscus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Disc inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves with 3-12 pairs of pinnae.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Calyx-teeth more or less unequal. Buds oblique. Fruit woody, transversely -septate, opening in two valves. Leaves with 3-6 pairs of pinnae.—Species<br /> -1. German East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudoprosopis</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth equal. Fruit leathery, with persistent sutures, the endocarp -separating from the exocarp. Leaves with 6-12 pairs of pinnae.—Species<br /> -5. South Africa and southern Central Africa. They yield -fish-poison and are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elephantorrhiza</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -25. (4.) Filaments free or the inner united into a ring. Petals white or yellow.—Species<br /> -80. They yield timber, fibre, soap-bark, gum (especially -from <i>A. Senegal</i> Willd., Verek), tanning and dyeing materials, perfumes, -oil, and medicaments; some are used as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Vachellia</i> Arn.) [Tribe ACACIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acacia</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base. Petals white or red.<br /> -Flowers in heads. Unarmed plants. [Tribe INGEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Fruit strongly curved or coiled, thick, leathery, separating into one-seeded<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_248">{248}</a></span>joints or indehiscent. Petals united beyond the middle. Trees.—Species<br /> -3. Tropics; one species naturalized. They yield timber, -gum, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pithecolobium</b> Mart.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit straight or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Fruit dehiscing elastically. Petals united to the middle. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -5. Tropics. They yield timber, gum, and medicaments, and -are used also as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calliandra</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing in two straight and thin, not elastic valves, or indehiscent.<br /> -Petals united to the middle or beyond.—Species 45. Tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa; several species also cultivated in Egypt. Some -species (especially <i>A. Lebbek</i> Benth.) yield timber, tanners’ bark, gum, -condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Zygia</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Albizzia</b> Durazz.<br /> -<br /> -28. (1.) Petals 1-6, the posterior one (the one next the placenta) inside of all -in the bud, not forming a papilionaceous corolla, or wanting altogether.<br /> -Embryo usually with a straight radicle. [Subfamily <b>CAESALPINIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Petals 5, the posterior outside in bud, usually constituting a papilionaceous -corolla. Sepals united below. Stamens 10, more rarely 5-9. Embryo -usually with an inflexed radicle. Leaves simple, unifoliolate, digitate, -or once pinnate. [Subfamily <b>PAPILIONATAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -29. Calyx undivided or shortly lobed in the bud, usually more deeply divided -at the time of flowering.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -Calyx, already in the bud, divided down to the receptacle or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -30. Stamens 1-10. Corolla of 5 petals, nearly regular. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 16 or more. Corolla of 6 petals, or of a single petal, or wanting.<br /> -Calyx undivided in bud. Leaves imparipinnate or unifoliolate. Trees.<br /> -[Tribe SWARTZIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -31. Leaves undivided, 2-lobed, 2-parted, or of 2 leaflets. [Tribe BAUHINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, with many leaflets. Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -32. Ovary and fruit with a very long stalk, the fruit turgid. Ovules few.<br /> -Style short. Stamens 10. Petals red. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricate -in bud. Climbing shrubs. Leaves undivided, penninerved or faintly -trinerved.—Species 3. West Africa. (<i>Bandeiraea</i> Welw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Griffonia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit with a short or rather short stalk, the fruit not turgid.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very long. Petals yellowish. Stamens 10, partly -sterile. Leaves undivided, ovate or elliptical. Racemes many-flowered.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Bauhinia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gigasiphon</b> Drake<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle (calyx-tube) not very long.—Species 40. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa, and Egypt. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning -and dyeing materials, edible roots, oily seeds, and medicaments, or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_249">{249}</a></span>serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 67.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bauhinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -34. Leaves once pinnate, with a terminal leaflet. Calyx campanulate, -subequally 5-lobed. Petals subequal, white or red. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Fruit opening by two valves. Shrubs. Flowers solitary or in racemes.—Species<br /> -8. Madagascar and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cadia</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves twice pinnate. [Tribe DIMORPHANDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Ovules 2. Style very short. Fruit with a -thin, leathery rind, indehiscent. Seeds suborbicular. Flowers in -spikes.—Species 2. Central Africa to Transvaal. They yield -gum.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Burkea</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary stalked. Ovules more than 2. Fruit with a thick, leathery rind.<br /> -Flowers in racemes. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Calyx-lobes unequal. Petals with a long claw. Stamens with a glandular -connective. Style long. Fruit long, wavy, indehiscent. Leaflets -small.—Species 1. Madagascar and Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brandzeia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes subequal. Stamens with a glandless connective. Style -short. Fruit oblong, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds oblong. Leaflets -large.—Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing -materials, medicaments, and poisons especially used in ordeals. “Sassy -tree.” (<i>Fillaea</i> Guill. & Perr.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrophloeum</b> Afz.<br /> -<br /> -37. (30.) Corolla of 6 petals, almost regular. Stamens 16-18. Ovary sessile.<br /> -Ovules 2. Leaves unifoliolate.—Species 2. West Africa to the<br /> -Great Lakes. They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baphiopsis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla reduced to a single petal or wanting. Ovary stalked. Ovules -more than 2. Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very short, almost wanting. Petal 1. Fruit linear.—Species<br /> -2. Tropics. Yielding timber. (<i>Tounatea</i> Aubl.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Swartzia</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle bell-shaped. Petals none. Fruit ovate.—Species 1 (<i>C. -africana</i> Lour.). Central Africa. Yields timber, gum, edible fruits, -and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cordyla</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -39. (29.) Leaves, at least some of them, twice pinnate. [Tribe CAESALPINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -Leaves all once pinnate, rarely simple.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -40. Common petiole very short, ending in a spine; rachis of the pinnae very -long, flattened, leaf-like; leaflets very small. Stipules spinous.<br /> -Trees or shrubs. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals 5, subequal, yellow.<br /> -Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, tardily dehiscing or -indehiscent. Seeds oblong, placed lengthwise, albuminous.—Species 2, -one of them a native of South Africa, the other naturalized in the tropics.<br /> -They yield timber, bast for paper-making, a substitute for coffee, and -medicaments, and serve also as garden- or hedge-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parkinsonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Common petiole distinctly developed; rachis of the pinnae not leaf-like.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Petals 5, subequal, yellow.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_250">{250}</a></span>Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, -membranous or thin-leathery. Seeds transverse, ovoid, exalbuminous.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa and southern Central Africa. (<i>Melanosticta</i><br /> -DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hoffmannseggia</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout, shrub- or tree-like.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Flowers sessile, in elongate panicled spikes. Calyx 5-cleft, with semiorbicular -lobes. Petals 5, equal, oblong, much exceeding the calyx. Stamens<br /> -10, unequal. Anthers basifixed. Ovules 2-3. Trees.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stachyothyrsus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Flowers more or less stalked, in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Flowers polygamous. Calyx slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 3-5, -subequal, white or greenish. Stamens 6-10. Seeds transverse, albuminous.<br /> -Trees. Leaves without stipules.—Species 2, one a native of<br /> -Central Africa, the other naturalized in North Africa. Used as hedge-plants -and yielding timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gleditschia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Petal 1, greenish-yellow. Calyx valvate in bud. Ovules very numerous.<br /> -Styles long. Trees.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aprevalia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Sepals united high up, excepting one, valvate in bud. Petals unequal, -red. Ovules numerous. Fruit straight, turgid, dehiscing by two -valves. Seeds transverse. Trees. Bracts coloured.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colvillea</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free above the receptacle.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Sepals valvate in bud. Petals yellow or red. Ovules numerous. Style -thread-shaped. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse, -oblong, albuminous. Trees. Stipules indistinct. Flowers large.—Species<br /> -3. Tropics; also cultivated in various regions. Ornamental -plants. “Flame-tree.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poinciana</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals imbricate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Ovule 1, very rarely ovules 2. Seed 1, placed lengthwise. Fruit winged -at the top, indehiscent. Petals subequal, white or yellow. Spinous -climbing shrubs. Flowers small.—Species 1. Abyssinia. (<i>Cantuffa</i><br /> -Gmel.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterolobium</b> R.Br.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more. Seeds placed transversely.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -48. Fruit woody, not winged, 2-seeded, opening by two valves. Ovary short-stalked,<br /> -2-ovuled. Stigma peltate. Stamens hairy at the base. Petals -unequal. Receptacle oblique.—Species 2. German East Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Peltophorum</i> Vog.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bussea</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Fruit membranous or leathery.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -49. Fruit winged at both sutures, indehiscent. Stigma broad-peltate. Filaments -hairy at the base. Petals subequal, yellow. Trees—Species 1.<br /> -Central Africa and northern South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peltophorum</b> Vog.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit winged at one suture only or not winged. Stigma small, sometimes<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_251">{251}</a></span>concave.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Fruit winged, indehiscent. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very oblique. Petals -subequal, yellow. Stamens bent downwards.—Species 5. West<br /> -Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mezoneurum</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not winged. Receptacle not very oblique.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Fruit membranous, lanceolate, dehiscing in the middle of the valves.<br /> -Seeds oblong. Sepals subequal. Petals oblong, subequal, yellow.<br /> -Stamens erect, hairy at the base. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2-3.<br /> -Trees.—Species 1 (<i>H. campecheanum</i> L.). Cultivated in the tropics.<br /> -Yields timber (log-wood), dyes, gum, and medicaments, and serves also -as a garden- and hedge-plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haematoxylon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit leathery, dehiscing at the sutures or indehiscent. Seeds ovoid or -globose. Petals yellow or red. Stamens bent downwards. Ovules -few.—Species 10, of which 7 are natives of tropical and South Africa,<br /> -3 naturalized there as well as in Egypt and Madeira. They yield timber, -tanning and dyeing materials, oily seeds, and medicaments, and are also -used as garden- and hedge-plants. (Including <i>Guilandina</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caesalpinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -52. (39.) Anthers attached by the base or nearly so, rarely by the back, and -then opening by apical pores. Seeds usually albuminous. [Tribe<br /> -CASSIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -Anthers distinctly attached by the back, opening by longitudinal slits.<br /> -Seeds usually exalbuminous. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -53. Petals 1-2 or 0. Ovules 2-3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Trees.<br /> -Leaves unequally pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -Petals 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -54. Stamens 2-3.—Species 10. Tropics. They yield timber and edible -fruits from which an intoxicating drink is prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dialium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-10. Petals none.—Species 1. East Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Andradia</b> Sim<br /> -<br /> -55. Petals 3, narrow, yellow. Fertile stamens 2; anthers opening by a terminal -pore. Staminodes 3, petaloid. Ovules 4-5. Trees. Leaves -unequally pinnate.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields -timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Distemonanthus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 5. Stamens 4-10.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Sepals 4. Petals unequal, red. Stamens 4-5, some of them with cohering -anthers. Ovules 2. Fruit 4-winged. Leaves unequally pinnate.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa. (<i>Oligostemon</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Duparquetia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5. Leaves equally pinnate or simple.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10. Filaments thickened above.<br /> -Anthers opening below the top. Ovules few. Fruit fleshy, with -transverse partitions. Trees.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baudouinia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate.—Species 40. They yield timber, gum, tanning and -dyeing materials, fish-poison, medicaments (especially senna-leaves),<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_252">{252}</a></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"><p class="nind">fodder, vegetables, edible fruits, and a substitute for coffee; -several species are used as ornamental plants. <b>Cassia</b> L.</p> - -<p>58. (52.) Ovules 2, rarely 3 or 1, occasionally in some flowers 4. -Ovary or its stalk usually free at the base of the receptacle, more -rarely adnate to it. [Tribe CYNOMETREAE.]. 59</p> - -<p>Ovules 4 or more, occasionally in some flowers only 3. Ovary or its -stalk usually adnate to the receptacle by the back. Leaves pinnate. -[Tribe AMHERSTIEAE.] 80</p> - -<p>59. Petals none. 60</p> - -<p>Petals 1-5. 64</p> - -<p>60. Sepals 6, very small and unequal. Stamens 6. Ovary sessile. -Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Bracteoles large.—Species 1. Southern West -Africa (Congo). <b>Dewindtia</b> De Wild.</p> - -<p>Sepals 4-5. Stamens 8-10 or 4. Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate. -Bracteoles small or wanting. 61</p> - -<p>61. Sepals 5, distinctly imbricate in bud. Stamens 10. Ovary -sessile. Stigma acute. Bracteoles present.—Species 2. West Africa -(Cameroons). They yield timber. (Under <i>Copaiba</i> Mill. or -<i>Hardwickia</i> Roxb.) <b>Oxystigma</b> Harms</p> - -<p>Sepals 4. 62</p> - -<p>62. Stamens 4, inserted on the outside of a spathe-like disc cleft -on one side. Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovary nearly sessile. -Bracteoles present.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). -<b>Stemonocoleus</b> Harms</p> - -<p>Stamens 8-10. 63</p> - -<p>63. Ovary sessile. Fruit sessile, drupe-like, indehiscent. -Bracteoles present.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, -fragrant resin, arrow-poison, and medicaments. The fruits of one -species are edible, of another poisonous. “Dattock.” <b>Detarium</b> Juss.</p> - -<p>Ovary stalked. Fruit stalked, oblique, with a leathery rind, -dehiscing by two valves. Bracteoles none.—Species 9. Central -Africa. They yield timber, a resin (copal) used for making -ornaments, lacs and varnishes, dye stuffs, medicaments, and edible -seeds. (<i>Copaiba</i> Mill.) <b>Copaifera</b> L.</p> - -<p>64. Petals 1-2. Bracteoles large. Trees. Leaves pinnate. 65</p> - -<p>Petals 5. 67</p> - -<p>65. Stamens 3. Sepals 4, small, scale-like. Petals 1, -orbicular.—Species 10. Central Africa. <b>Cryptosepalum</b> Benth.</p> - -<p>Stamens 10. 66</p> - -<p>66. Sepals reduced to minute teeth or wanting. Leaves with a single -pair of leaflets.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. <b>Aphanocalyx</b> -Oliv.</p> - -<p>Sepals 5, three of them very small, the other two larger and -connate. Petal 1, spatulate. Filaments united at the base, -excepting one. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets.—Species 2. West -Africa. <b>Monopetalanthus</b> Harms</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_253">{253}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -67. Fertile stamens 3. Ovules 3. Bracteoles large. Tree—Species 20.<br /> -Central Africa. Some species yield timber. (<i>Vouapa</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrolobium</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 10, rarely (<i>Cynometra</i>) more.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -68. Petals very unequal. Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -Petals equal or nearly equal.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -69. Corolla of 1 large and 4 very small petals. Receptacle shortly cup-shaped.<br /> -Bracteoles minute. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of leaflets.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eurypetalum</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of 3 large and 2 small petals.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Bracteoles petal-like. Receptacle cup- or top-shaped.—Species 4.<br /> -West Africa. (Under <i>Cynometra</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hymenostegia</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles sepal-like, hairy outside, equalling the bracts. Receptacle -funnel-shaped. Sepals 4. Shrubs. Leaves with 3-4 pairs of leaflets.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Loesenera</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -71. Sepals 5, very unequal, the lowest very large. Receptacle very short.<br /> -Trees. Leaves pinnate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cymbosepalum</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-5, equal or nearly equal.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -72. Receptacle (calyx-tube) long and narrow. Sepals 4. Stalk of the ovary -obliquely adnate to the receptacle.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle short and usually broad.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -73. Bracteoles large, petaloid, enclosing the bud. Receptacle with a thick -disc on one side. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate, with 2-4 leaflets.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plagiosiphon</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, or wanting. Leaves simple -or pinnate with many leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -74. Leaves simple. Shrubs.—Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zenkerella</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves abruptly pinnate. Trees.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<br /> -The bark is used as a condiment.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scorodophloeus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -75. Ovule 1. Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the receptacle. Sepals 4.<br /> -Trees. Leaves simple.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podogynium</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2, rarely 3. Leaves abruptly pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Filaments united into a ring at the base, unequal, hairy. Sepals 5. Ovary -glandular. Trees. Leaves with 3-6 pairs of leaflets. Flowers in -terminal, many-flowered racemes.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stuhlmannia</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free. Bracteoles none.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Flowers in panicles. Sepals short. Petals white. Filaments hairy at -the base. Fruit flat, lanceolate, opening by two valves. Trees.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Umtiza</b> Sim<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_254">{254}</a></span>Flowers in racemes or corymbs. Sepals usually long.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Flowers in terminal, few-flowered corymbs. Filaments hairy at the -base. Fruit flat, ovate, beaked, opening by two valves. Low, glandular -shrubs.—Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). The seeds are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cordeauxia</b> Hemsl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes springing from the axils of the leaves or from the old -wood.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -79. Fruit lanceolate, flat, bursting in the middle of the valves, but remaining -closed at the sutures. Sepals 5. Corolla yellow. Filaments erect, -hairy at the base. Stalk of the ovary free. Trees. (See 51.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haematoxylon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit more or less ovate and turgid, opening in two valves. Filaments -usually glabrous.—Species 20. West Africa and Madagascar. Some -species yield timber and resin (copal).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynometra</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -80. (58.) Petals reduced to minute scales or wanting. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -Petals well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -81. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud, persisting during the time of flowering.<br /> -Calyx consisting of 1-5 scale-like sepals, or replaced by a 10-lobed -disc, or wanting altogether.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, falling off early. Calyx of 4-5 -well-developed sepals.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -82. Disc fleshy. Petals 5, awl-shaped. Stamens 5-6. Stipules small, connate.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Didelotia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Disc none. Stamens 10-20, more or less united at the base. Ovules few.<br /> -Fruit oblong or linear, opening in two valves. Seeds exalbuminous.—Species<br /> -20. Central Africa. The seeds of some species are eaten and -the bark is used as a substitute for cloth. (Under <i>Didelotia</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachystegia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -83. Sepals 5. Petals 0. Stamens 5. Disc expanded. Ovary in its centre, -subsessile. Ovules numerous. Style very short; stigma peltate.<br /> -Fruit linear, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. Leaves equally pinnate.<br /> -Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Bracteoles very small, deciduous.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. Siliqua</i> L., carob-tree). North Africa. The fruits are -edible, and used as fodder and for preparing brandy and medicaments; -the seeds serve as a substitute for coffee.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4. Stamens 8-10. Disc not expanded.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -84. Petals 5, scale-like. Stamens 10. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 12. Central and South Africa. They yield timber, -gum, and edible seeds from which meal is prepared. (<i>Theodora</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schotia</b> Jaqu.<br /> -<br /> -Petals none.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -85. Stamens 8, alternatingly unequal. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Leaves unequally pinnate. Flowers in compound racemes. Bracteoles<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_255">{255}</a></span>linear.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hylodendron</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10, rarely 8, but then equal in length. Ovary short-stalked.<br /> -Ovules few.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Stamens unequal, 10. Fruit oblong, winged, indehiscent. Seeds pendulous.<br /> -Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers in simple racemes.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apaloxylon</b> Drake<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal in length. Fruit broad-oblong to orbicular, dehiscing in -two valves. Leaves unequally pinnate.—Species 5. Central Africa -to Delagoa Bay. (<i>Apalatoa</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crudia</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -87. (80.) Well developed petal 1; sometimes 2-4 rudimentary petals in -addition. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -Well developed petals 3-6. Leaves abruptly pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -88. Petal sessile. Sepals 4. Leaves abruptly pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -Petal with a long claw.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -89. Receptacle minute. Sepals scale-like. Petal orbicular. Stamens 3, -short. Ovary with a short stalk. Ovules 4. Stigma truncate. Bracteoles -large, enclosing the bud, persistent at flowering. (See 65.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptosepalum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle rather large, narrowly top-shaped. Sepals large, coloured.<br /> -Petal oblong. Stamens 10, long. Ovary with a long stalk. Ovules -numerous. Stigma capitate. Bracteoles falling off early.—Species 3.<br /> -West Africa. They yield timber and an aromatic resin.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daniella</b> Benn.<br /> -<br /> -90. Fertile stamens 3.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5-10.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -91. Bracteoles enclosing the bud, persisting at flowering. Petal folded -together in the bud. Flowers small or middle-sized. (See 67.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrolobium</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles shorter than the bud, falling off during the time of flowering.<br /> -Receptacle elongated. Sepals 4. Fruit oblong. Flowers rather large.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. It yields timber, -edible seeds, and medicaments. (Under <i>Afzelia</i> Smith).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Intsia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -92. Fertile stamens 6-8. Sepals 4. Bracteoles shorter than the bud. Seed -with an aril.—Species 4. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. They yield -timber; the aril is edible, the seeds are poisonous and used medicinally.<br /> -(Under <i>Intsia</i> Thouars)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afzelia</b> Smith<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 5 or 10. Sepals usually 5. Petal folded in bud, whitish.<br /> -Bracteoles enclosing the bud.—Species 15. Central Africa. The -wood and the bark are used, the latter for making cloth.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berlinia</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -93. (87.) Sepals 6-7. Petals 6, subequal. Fertile stamens 6-8, barren ones<br /> -4-7. Trees.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Englerodendron</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -94. Sepals 5. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_256">{256}</a></span>Sepals 4.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -95. Petals more or less unequal, white or yellowish. Stamens 5 or 10. Fruit -dehiscent. Bracteoles enclosing the bud. (See 92.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berlinia</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -Petals subequal, red. Stamens 10. Fruit winged, indehiscent. Seeds -pendulous.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bathiaea</b> Drake<br /> -<br /> -96. Fertile stamens 3. Petals unequal, 3 of them larger than the other two.<br /> -Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 10 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -97. Filaments united nearly half their length. Petals yellowish or red-striped.<br /> -Fruit indehiscent. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets. Bracteoles -narrow, falling off early.—Species 3. Tropics. They yield timber, -tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits from which drinks and -medicaments are prepared, and oily seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tamarindus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free. Fruit dehiscent. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud.<br /> -(See 67.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrolobium</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -98. Stamens numerous, united at the base. Anthers linear. Petals subequal.<br /> -Bracteoles enclosing the bud. Trees.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polystemonanthus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -99. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, falling off early.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -100. Petals very unequal, 3 large, 2 very small. Filaments united at the base.<br /> -Ovules numerous. Leaves with several pairs of leaflets. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and resin.<br /> -(Under <i>Daniella</i> Benn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyanothyrsus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Petals subequal. Ovules few. Shrubs. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of -leaflets. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles petaloid. (See 73.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plagiosiphon</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -101. Filaments, excepting one, united high up. Petals pink, narrow; blade -passing gradually into the claw. Sepals unequal, subvalvate in bud.<br /> -Receptacle very short. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Leaflets 7-9, -alternate.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tessmannia</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Petals sessile or nearly so, subequal, red. Leaves with 2-16 pairs of -leaflets. Flower in panicles. (See 84.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schotia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a long or rather long claw. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -103. Sepals slightly imbricate. Petals subequal. Filaments, excepting one, -united at the base. Leaves with 1-4 pairs of leaflets. Flowers large, in -racemes.—Species 7. West Africa to the Great Lakes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baikiaea</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals much imbricate. Petals white. Filaments free. Ovules few.<br /> -Leaves with one pair of leaflets. Flowers in panicles.—Species 2.<br /> -Tropics. They yield timber and resin (copal) which is used for turnery -and carving and for making lacs and varnishes. (Under <i>Hymenaea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trachylobium</b> Hayne<br /> -<br /> -104. (28.) Filaments free or nearly so. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_257">{257}</a></span>Filaments, all or all excepting one, united into a tube or sheath.<span class="spc">  </span>126<br /> -<br /> -105. Stamens 4-5. Filaments very short. Anthers attached by the base, -opening at the top; 2-3 of them united. Ovary 4-winged. Ovules 2.<br /> -Stigma terminal. Calyx-lobes 4, unequal. Petals 5, shorter than the -calyx, unequal, red. Leaves pinnate. (See 56.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Duparquetia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-10. [Tribes SOPHOREAE and PODALYRIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -106. Leaves simple and undivided or unifoliolate. Corolla papilionaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate or palmately trifoliolate.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -107. Calyx shortly toothed, not slit. Corolla whitish; petals of the keel -slightly cohering. Ovules few. Shrubs with arched or climbing -branches. Stipules ovate or lanceolate. Flowers in racemes or panicles.<br /> -Bracteoles large, enclosing the flower, persistent.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dalhousiea</b> Grah.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx shortly toothed but slitting as the flower expands, on one or both -sides, or deeply cleft. Bracteoles not enclosing the flower, rather large -but deciduous, or small.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -108. Calyx shortly toothed, but deeply slit in one or two places. Corolla white -or yellow; petals of the keel free or nearly so. Ovules few.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -Calyx subequally 4-5-cleft. Stipules awl-shaped or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -109. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary long-stalked. Calyx slit -on one side. Corolla white; petals of the keel free. Fruit long-stalked, -falcate-ovate, turgid. Seeds oblong, with a thick aril. Flowers in -panicles. Bracteoles small.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucomphalus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers shorter than the filaments. Ovary nearly sessile. Fruit compressed.<br /> -Seeds ovate or orbicular.—Species 50. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa. Some of them yield timber (camwood), dye-stuffs, or -edible fruits. (Including <i>Bracteolaria</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baphia</b> Afz.<br /> -<br /> -110. Petals of the keel free. Flowers in 5-10-flowered racemes.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ormosia</b> Jacks.<br /> -<br /> -Petals of the keel united. Flowers solitary or in 2-4-flowered fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -111. Corolla yellow; keel shortly beaked. Fruit compressed. Leaves sessile, -without stipules. Flowers solitary.—Species 10. South Africa. The -leaves are used as a substitute for tea or as a medicament.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclopia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla red or reddish-white; keel blunt. Ovary sessile. Fruit turgid.<br /> -Leaves short-stalked, with deciduous stipules. Hairy plants.—Species<br /> -20. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podalyria</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -112. (106.) Leaves palmately trifoliolate. Corolla papilionaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -113. Petals subequal, yellow, those of the keel united. Ovary sessile or nearly -so. Fruit oblong, not septate. Erect shrubs. Leaves sessile, leathery, -exstipulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, with bracteoles. (See 111.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclopia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Petals of the keel free. Ovary stalked. Fruit linear. Leaves stalked,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_258">{258}</a></span>stipulate. Flowers in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -114. Standard shorter than the wings. Petals yellow. Fruit septate between -the seeds. Erect shrubs. Leaves herbaceous; stipules connate.<br /> -Flowers without bracteoles.—Species 2. North Africa. Poisonous -and medicinal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anagyris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Standard as long as or longer than the wings. Petals clawed, yellowish-white.<br /> -Climbing shrubs. Leaves leathery. Flowers with small, deciduous -bracteoles.—Species 3. West Africa. (<i>Giganthemum</i> Welw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camoënsia</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -115. Corolla nearly regular; petals subequal.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -Corolla papilionaceous; petals conspicuously unequal, at least one of -them (the standard) very different from the others.<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -116. Petals entire. Anthers linear, Ovules more than 2. (See 34.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cadia</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Anthers ovate. Ovules 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -<br /> -117. Petals shortly lobed. Ovary short-stalked. Leaflets 9-11. Flowers -in racemes.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicraeopetalum</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Petals deeply left. Ovary long-stalked. Leaflets 13-19. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphimas</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -118. Petals of the keel united.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -Petals of the keel free.<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -119. Petals long-clawed, red. Ovary sessile. Ovules few. Fruit compressed, -not winged, leathery, dehiscing in two valves. Trees. Flowers -in racemes. Bracteoles none.—Species 1. South Africa and St.<br /> -Helena. Yields timber and is used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Virgilia</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Petals short- or not clawed, white, yellow or violet. Ovary more or less -distinctly stalked. Fruit tardily or not dehiscing.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -120. Fruit compressed, winged at the upper suture, membranous. Calyx-lobes -unequal. Petals yellow; those of the keel curved. Flowers in racemes.<br /> -Bracteoles none.—Species 9. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calpurnia</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit terete or nearly so, constricted between the seeds, 4-winged or -wingless, leathery, woody or fleshy.—Species 6. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, dye-stuffs, and medicaments, and are -also used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sophora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -121. Standard broad-oblong or narrow-ovate, clawed and auricled. Calyx -very shortly toothed. Filaments slightly united at the base, excepting -one. Ovary long-stalked, hairy. Style very short, almost straight.<br /> -Ovules numerous. Trees. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -(Under <i>Cadia</i> Forsk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudocadia</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Standard broad-ovate or orbicular. Ovary short-stalked or almost<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_259">{259}</a></span>sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -122. Calyx shortly toothed or entire. Stigma terminal. Fruit almost terete, -constricted between the seeds.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply cleft. Fruit flat.<span class="spc">  </span>124<br /> -<br /> -123. Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the curved receptacle (calyx-tube).<br /> -Standard suborbicular, slightly exceeding the other petals. Filaments -free. Flowers in racemes arising from the old wood.—Species 5.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Angylocalyx</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -Stalk of the ovary not adnate to the receptacle. Style curved at the -apex. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. (See 120.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sophora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -124. Ovule 1. Stigma terminal. Flowers in racemes. Leaflets 5-7.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platycelephium</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more. Leaflets 7-13.<span class="spc">  </span>125<br /> -<br /> -125. Stigma terminal. Corolla blue. Flowers in racemes. Leaflets curved -and pointed.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bolusanthus</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Stigma lateral. Corolla red or green. Flowers in panicles.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa. They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afrormosia</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -126. (104.) Filaments all, or the alternate ones, broadened at the apex. [Especially -tribe LOTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>127<br /> -<br /> -Filaments not broadened at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>147<br /> -<br /> -127. Filaments monadelphous, i.e., all united into a tube or sheath, at least -when young.<span class="spc">  </span>128<br /> -<br /> -Filaments diadelphous, i.e., united into a sheath, excepting one, which is -free from the others, at least at the base, but sometimes connate with -them in the middle or slightly cohering with them at the very base.<span class="spc">  </span>131<br /> -<br /> -128. Leaves equally pinnate or reduced to the broadened stalk, usually ending -in a tendril or bristle. Stipules large, leaf-like. Flowers solitary or in -racemes, without bracteoles. Petals short-clawed. Anthers all alike.<br /> -Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Style-apex bearded on the inner -face. Fruit opening by two valves. Herbs.—Species 35. North<br /> -Africa and the mountains of the tropics. Several species yield edible -tubers or seeds, vegetables, fodder, medicaments, or perfumes; some -are poisonous or used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Orobus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathyrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves unequally pinnate, digitate, or unifoliolate. Style glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>129<br /> -<br /> -129. Leaflets minutely toothed, 1 or 3, very rarely more. Stipules adnate -to the leaf-stalk. Flowers solitary or in racemes. Calyx-lobes long, -subequal. Petals short-clawed. Anthers usually of two kinds. Ovary -more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.—Species<br /> -60. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some are used as vegetables -or in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets entire. Stipules small or wanting. Flowers in heads or umbels, -sometimes almost solitary. Petals long-clawed. Anthers all alike.<br /> -Fruit not or tardily dehiscing.<span class="spc">  </span>130<br /> -<br /> -130. Ovary sessile. Ovules 2. Fruit protruding beyond the calyx, linear,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_260">{260}</a></span>shortly or not beaked, slightly 4-angled, spirally coiled. Silky herbs.<br /> -Flowers in umbels, very small, reddish-yellow, without bracteoles.—Species<br /> -1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helminthocarpum</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit enclosed by the calyx or -slightly protruding; in the latter case beaked. Flowers in heads or -nearly solitary.—Species 12. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some -species (especially <i>A. Vulneraria</i> L.) are used as fodder-, dyeing-, medicinal-, -or ornamental plants. (Including <i>Cornicina</i> Boiss., <i>Dorycnopsis</i><br /> -Boiss., and <i>Physanthyllis</i> Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthyllis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -131. (127.) Keel beaked.<span class="spc">  </span>132<br /> -<br /> -Keel blunt or somewhat pointed.<span class="spc">  </span>138<br /> -<br /> -132. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2. Calyx deeply and equally divided.<br /> -Corolla yellow. Fruit spirally coiled, flat, margined, indehiscent.<br /> -Herbs. Lowermost leaves simple, with adnate stipules, upper pinnate, -without stipules. Flowers in few-flowered heads.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa. (<i>Circinus</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hymenocarpos</b> Savi<br /> -<br /> -Ovary sessile. Ovules more than two. Calyx more or less unequally -divided. Flowers solitary or in umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>133<br /> -<br /> -133. Leaves simple, undivided. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Upper -calyx-teeth united high up. Petals long-clawed, yellow. Fruit spirally -coiled, almost terete, ribbed. Herbs.—Species 5. North Africa and<br /> -Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scorpiurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, sometimes apparently digitate.<span class="spc">  </span>134<br /> -<br /> -134. Fruit jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>135<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>136<br /> -<br /> -135. Joints of the fruit and seeds curved. Fruit more or less flattened, with -the upper edge notched at each seed. Corolla yellow. Leaves with 5 -or more leaflets.—Species 9. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippocrepis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Joints of the fruit and seeds straight, oblong. Fruit not or slightly -flattened. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, stipulate.—Species 12.<br /> -North Africa. Some species are poisonous or used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coronilla</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -136. Leaves with many leaflets. Stipules small, membranous. Corolla -yellow. Fruit flat, slightly curved. Seeds quadrate. Glabrous herbs.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. (<i>Bonaveria</i> Scop., <i>Securidaca</i> Gaertn.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Securigera</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves with 4-5 leaflets, of which the 1-2 lowest have usually the -appearance of stipules. Stipules very small or wanting. Keel gibbous -on each side. Seeds globular or lenticular.<span class="spc">  </span>137<br /> -<br /> -137. Fruit longitudinally 4-winged or 4-angled.—Species 5. North Africa.<br /> -Used as fodder or as vegetables. (Under <i>Lotus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetragonolobus</b> Scop.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit neither 4-winged nor 4-angled.—Species 50. Some of them are -used as vegetables, fodder, or ornamental plants. (Including <i>Heinekenia</i><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_261">{261}</a></span>Webb, <i>Lotea</i> Medik., and <i>Pedrosia</i> Lowe).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lotus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -138. (131.) Petals, at least the lower, adnate below to the staminal tube.<br /> -Standard oblong or ovate. Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves pinnate -or palmate; leaflets 3-5, usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the -leafstalk. Flowers solitary or in umbels, heads, or spikes.—Species 70.<br /> -North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Many of -them are used as fodder or in medicine. “Clover.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trifolium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free from the staminal tube. Leaflets entire, rarely toothed, but -then more than 5. Stipules usually free or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>139<br /> -<br /> -139. Leaves unifoliolate, stipellate; stalk winged. Flowers in spikes. Calyx-lobes -unequal. Uppermost stamen free at the base, but united with -the others in the middle. Ovary sessile. Ovules 3-4.—Species 4.<br /> -Central Africa. (Under <i>Desmodium</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Droogmansia</b> De Wild.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, digitate, or reduced to the usually broadened stalk.<span class="spc">  </span>140<br /> -<br /> -140. Leaves equally pinnate or reduced to the stalk. Leaflets entire. Stipules -leaf-like. Flowers solitary or in racemes. Ovary more or less distinctly -stalked. Style-apex broadened and bearded. Fruit 2-valved.<br /> -Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>141<br /> -<br /> -Leaves unequally pinnate or digitate. Ovary sessile or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>142<br /> -<br /> -141. Style-apex laterally compressed with reflexed edges, hence grooved -above. Corolla white or red; wings adhering to the keel. Herbs with -tendrils. Leaflets 2-6.—Species 3. North Africa, also cultivated -in the tropics. They yield fodder and edible seeds (peas), from which -also starch is prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pisum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex compressed dorsally, with the edges bent downwards or -straight. (See 128.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathyrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -142. Stem woody throughout. Leaves unequally pinnate. Flowers in -racemes or fascicles. Upper calyx-teeth united for the greatest part.<br /> -Corolla red or violet; wings slightly adhering to the keel; standard -with a callus at the base. Fruit linear, flat.—Species 15. Tropical -and South-east Africa. The seeds of some species are used as a fish-poison.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mundulea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>143<br /> -<br /> -143. Flowers in racemes. Calyx-teeth unequal. Corolla blue; standard -suborbicular, with a callus and two auricles; keel somewhat longer -than the wings and the standard. Uppermost stamen cohering with -the others at the base. Style-apex bearded. Ovules 2. Twining undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial East Africa (Kilimandjaro).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spathionema</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in umbels or heads.<span class="spc">  </span>144<br /> -<br /> -144. Leaflets toothed. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers solitary. Corolla white -or blue. Fruit ovate to oblong, turgid, 2-valved.—Species 2. North<br /> -Africa and Abyssinia; one species also cultivated in Angola. They -yield edible seeds (chick-peas) and are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cicer</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets entire. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely solitary, but then<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_262">{262}</a></span>corolla yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>145<br /> -<br /> -145. Leaflets numerous. Leaf-stalk long. Flowers very small, in heads or -umbels. Keel nearly straight. Fruit jointed.—Species 6. North<br /> -Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as fodder.<br /> -“Birds-foot.” (Including <i>Arthrolobium</i> Desv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ornithopus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 3-5, the lower usually stipule-like. Leaf-stalk short or -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>146<br /> -<br /> -146. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular, with a long claw. Fruit jointed.<br /> -Undershrubs with long silky hairs. Stipules small. Flowers solitary or<br /> -2-3 together in the axils of the leaves.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Algeria). (<i>Ludovicia</i> Coss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hammatolobium</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Corolla white or red; standard oblong or ovate, short-clawed; wings -coherent towards the apex, longitudinally folded or transversely -gibbous; keel gibbous on each side. Fruit continuous, terete, 2-valved.<br /> -Stipules very small or wanting.—Species 6. North Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Bonjeania</i> Reichb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dorycnium</b> Vill.<br /> -<br /> -147. (126.) Anthers of two kinds, five shorter and attached by the back, the -others longer and attached by the base, or the alternate ones rudimentary.<span class="spc">  </span>148<br /> -<br /> -Anthers all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>205<br /> -<br /> -148. Leaves digitate, unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. [Tribe GENISTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>149<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, but sometimes with three leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>195<br /> -<br /> -149. Uppermost stamen free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>150<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen united with the others into a tube or sheath.<span class="spc">  </span>158<br /> -<br /> -150. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>151<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout. Leaves usually exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>154<br /> -<br /> -151. Keel with a straight beak. Anthers bearded. Stigma lateral. Fruit -linear. Leaves simple, sessile. Flowers in axillary racemes.—Species<br /> -2. Southern West Africa. (Under <i>Indigofera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchotropis</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Keel with a spirally twisted beak or without a beak. Anthers not bearded.<br /> -Stigma terminal. Leaves unifoliolate or digitate.<span class="spc">  </span>152<br /> -<br /> -152. Keel spirally beaked. Fruit oblong. Flowers opposite the leaves, -solitary or 2-3 together. Bracteoles 2.—Species 2. South Africa to<br /> -Amboland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bolusia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Keel curved inwards, not beaked. Flowers in axillary or terminal -inflorescences. Bracteoles none.<span class="spc">  </span>153<br /> -<br /> -153. Keel somewhat pointed. Ovules several. Fruit linear. Leaves digitate.<br /> -Corolla reddish.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parochetus</b> Hamilt.<br /> -<br /> -Keel blunt. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate. Gland-dotted plants.—Species 60.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -154. Keel with a lateral gibbosity or spur. Anthers distinctly unequal. Leaves -simple.<span class="spc">  </span>155<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_263">{263}</a></span>Keel without a lateral appendage. Anthers nearly equal.<span class="spc">  </span>156<br /> -<br /> -155. Keel beaked. Corolla yellowish-green, shorter than the calyx. Ovule<br /> -1. Flowers in small terminal heads.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathriogyne</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Keel blunt. Corolla red or white, longer than the calyx.—Species 10.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphithalea</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -156. Corolla blue, red, or white. Ovule 1. Leaves unifoliolate or digitate, -stipulate. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla yellow. Ovules 2 or more. Leaves simple, exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>157<br /> -<br /> -157. Calyx-lobes very unequal, the lowest very large and petaloid. Standard -ovate or oblong; wings oblong. Inflorescence surrounded by large -bracts.—Species 4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Liparia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes about equal. Standard suborbicular; wings obovate. Bracts -not very large.—Species 15. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Priestleya</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -158. (149.) Filaments united into a sheath which is slit above.<span class="spc">  </span>159<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united into a tube which is closed all round.<span class="spc">  </span>180<br /> -<br /> -159. Style bearded or ciliate on the inside towards the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>160<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous inside.<span class="spc">  </span>161<br /> -<br /> -160. Fruit flat, oblong or ovate, stalked, downy, 2-seeded. Shrubs. Leaves -trifoliolate.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Priotropis</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit turgid.—Species 220. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt.<br /> -Some yield fibres, dyes, vegetables, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crotalaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -161. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>162<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>163<br /> -<br /> -162. Leaves stipulate. Flowers ebracteolate, blue, pink or white. Keel -incurved. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an outgrowth at the -hilum, adhering to the pericarp. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate. Flowers bracteolate, red, yellow or white. Keel -almost straight, gibbous at each side. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.<br /> -Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Silky-hairy shrubs. Leaves -simple, sessile. Flowers usually in pairs in the axils of the leaves.—Species<br /> -8. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coelidium</b> Vog.<br /> -<br /> -163. Leaves simple and undivided or unifoliolate, usually exstipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>164<br /> -<br /> -Leaves digitate, with 3, rarely 5-7 leaflets, usually stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>171<br /> -<br /> -164. Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal, the 1-3 lowest usually narrower than -the rest.<span class="spc">  </span>165<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes about equal.<span class="spc">  </span>169<br /> -<br /> -165. Petals adnate at the base to the staminal tube, yellow; wings auricled -at the base; keel with a blunt spur at each side. Ovules 2. Shrubs -clothed with long hairs. Leaves stalked, linear. Flowers axillary.<br /> -Bracteoles leaf-like.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Walpersia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_264">{264}</a></span>Petals free from the staminal tube.<span class="spc">  </span>166<br /> -<br /> -166. Petals red, long-clawed, glabrous. Fruit ovate, turgid. Prostrate -undershrubs clothed with long reddish-brown hairs. Leaves imbricate -sessile, lanceolate. Flowers in short racemes.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euchlora</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Petals yellow, rarely white or red, but then short-clawed and leaves -fascicled.<span class="spc">  </span>167<br /> -<br /> -167. Leaves in tufts of 3 or more, usually thread-shaped.—Species 150. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aspalathus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves scattered, flat. Petals yellow. Fruit linear or lanceolate, more or -less flattened.<span class="spc">  </span>168<br /> -<br /> -168. Plant hairy. Leaves stalked.—Species 90.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lotononis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Plant glabrous.—Species 30. South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rafnia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -169. Leaves more or less distinctly stalked, narrow, usually thread-shaped.<br /> -Flowers in racemes, yellow. Fruit linear. Funicle very short.—Species<br /> -25. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lebeckia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>170<br /> -<br /> -170. Leaves many-nerved, flat, stiff. Calyx 5-cleft, with pungent segments.<br /> -Corolla yellow; standard villous. Fruit linear or lanceolate, slightly -flattened.—Species 15. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Borbonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves one- or few-nerved, usually thread-shaped and in tufts. Fruit -obliquely-ovate or -lanceolate. Funicle filiform. (See 167.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aspalathus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -171. (163.) Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-toothed or 2-parted, the lower<br /> -3-toothed or 3-parted. Corolla yellow. Fruit linear.<span class="spc">  </span>172<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not 2-lipped, all segments subequal or the 4 upper ones united -in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span>174<br /> -<br /> -172. Keel longer than the standard and the wings. Calyx deeply two-lipped.<br /> -Fruit flat, somewhat constricted and with thin partitions between the -seeds, not glandular. Undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers -solitary. Bracteoles small.—Species 4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichilus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Keel shorter than the standard. Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>173<br /> -<br /> -173. Fruit glandular-hairy or viscid, flat, usually constricted between the -seeds. Calyx tubular, usually shortly two-lipped. Shrubs or undershrubs.<br /> -Flowers in spikes or racemes. Bracteoles mostly leaf-like.—Species<br /> -12. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melolobium</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit hairy, but not glandular. Calyx deeply two-lipped. Standard -suborbicular. Bracteoles usually small.—Species 60. (<i>Tephrothamnus</i><br /> -Sweet, including <i>Macrolotus</i> Harms)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argyrolobium</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -174. Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal, the upper 4 united in pairs, the lowest -separate and narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>175<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_265">{265}</a></span>Calyx-lobes about equal.<span class="spc">  </span>177<br /> -<br /> -175. Keel and style straight. Standard spatulate. Bracteoles bristle-like.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa. (<i>Pleiospora</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaenohoffmannia</b> O. Ktze.<br /> -<br /> -Keel and style curved inwards. Bracteoles none.<span class="spc">  </span>176<br /> -<br /> -176. Fruit flattened, repeatedly folded and twisted from side to side. Corolla -yellow; keel exceeding the standard. Stigma oblique. Herbs.<br /> -Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Listia</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit slightly flattened or turgid, straight or curved. (See 168.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lotononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -177. Fruit winged, flat, ovate or oblong, stalked, indehiscent. Petals long-clawed, -yellow; keel exceeding the standard. Ovary stalked. Ovules -few. Shrubs. Flowers in racemes.—Species 7. South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Viborgia</i> Thunb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wiborgia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not winged. Ovules usually numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>178<br /> -<br /> -178. Fruit ovate, 1-3-seeded. Corolla white, yellowish, or red; standard -with a long claw, clothed with long hairs. Shrubs. Flowers in spikes -or heads, without bracteoles.—Species 10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buchenroedera</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit linear, lanceolate, or oblong.<span class="spc">  </span>179<br /> -<br /> -179. Seeds with a very short funicle. Fruit linear. Corolla yellow. Shrubs -or undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers in terminal racemes.<br /> -(See 169.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lebeckia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with a long funicle. Fruit flattened or slightly inflated. Leaves -usually stipulate. (See 168.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lotononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -180. (158.) Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed.<br /> -Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping. Corolla blue, rose, -or white. Bracteoles none. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>181<br /> -<br /> -181. Calyx 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>182<br /> -<br /> -Calyx subequally 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Leaves 1- or 3-foliolate.<span class="spc">  </span>191<br /> -<br /> -182. Calyx deeply 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>183<br /> -<br /> -Calyx slightly 2-lipped. Leaves 1-3-foliolate or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>188<br /> -<br /> -183. Leaves reduced to scales or spines. Spinous shrubs. Calyx and corolla -yellow. Fruit oblong or ovate, 1-4-seeded.—Species 6. North<br /> -Africa; one species (<i>U. europaeus</i> L.) also naturalized in South Africa, -the Mascarenes, and St. Helena. This species is used as a garden- or -hedge-plant and furnishes a dye-stuff, fodder, and a substitute for tea.<br /> -“Furze.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ulex</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves digitate, with 2-9 leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>184<br /> -<br /> -184. Leaflets 5-9. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Keel beaked; wings -cohering at the apex.—Species 10. North and Central Africa. They<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_266">{266}</a></span>yield manure, fodder, vegetables, medicaments, and edible seeds which -serve also as a substitute for coffee; several species are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lupinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 2-4. Stipules usually free. Wings free.<span class="spc">  </span>185<br /> -<br /> -185. Leaflets 2 or 4, very rarely 3. Lateral calyx-lobes much shorter than the -others. Fruit jointed, bristly or spiny, indehiscent. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -3. Tropical and South Africa. Used as fodder.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zornia</b> Gmel.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 3. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>186<br /> -<br /> -186. Fruit covered with glandular tubercles or hairs. Seeds without an -outgrowth at the hilum. Corolla yellow; keel curved inwards.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 7. North and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenocarpus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not glandular, but usually hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>187<br /> -<br /> -187. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs.—Species 15. North<br /> -Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental or medicinal -plants. (Including <i>Sarothamnus</i> Wimm., <i>Spartocytisus</i> Webb, and<br /> -<i>Teline</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cytisus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely -shrubs. Corolla yellow. (See 173.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argyrolobium</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -188. (182.) Calyx sheath-like, split on one side after flowering. Corolla -yellow; keel and wings adnate below to the staminal tube; -keel acuminate, curved inwards; wings obovate. Stigma oblique.<br /> -Fruit linear. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs or -trees. Leaves unifoliolate, without stipules.—Species 1 (<i>S. junceum</i><br /> -L., Spanish broom). North Africa. Yields fibres and medicaments -and is used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spartium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not sheath-like. Keel obtuse or free from the staminal tube.<span class="spc">  </span>189<br /> -<br /> -189. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Fruit linear or oblong, flat.<br /> -Petals free from the staminal tube. Shrubs. (See 187.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cytisus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum.<span class="spc">  </span>190<br /> -<br /> -190. Keel distinctly curved inwards; wings and keel free from the staminal -tube; standard suborbicular. Fruit linear or oblong, flat, covered -with glandular tubercles or hairs. Shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, with -small stipules. Flowers in racemes, yellow. (See 186.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenocarpus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Keel straight or nearly so, blunt, gibbous at each side; wings and keel -usually adnate to the staminal tube; the former oblong; standard -ovate. Fruit usually inflated. Shrubs or undershrubs.—Species 40.<br /> -North Africa. Some species yield fibres, dyes, and medicaments, or -serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Retama</i> Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Genista</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -191. (181.) Calyx deeply divided. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked.<br /> -Leaflets minutely toothed. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. (See<br /> -129.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx shortly toothed. Filaments not broadened above. Ovary sessile<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_267">{267}</a></span>or nearly so. Leaflets entire.<span class="spc">  </span>192<br /> -<br /> -192. Calyx obscurely toothed, coloured. Corolla yellow, free from the staminal -tube. Fruit thickened or winged at the upper suture. Seeds without -an outgrowth at the hilum. Spinous shrubs. Leaves digitate, without -stipules. Flowers solitary or in fascicles.—Species 3. North Africa.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calycotome</b> Link<br /> -<br /> -Calyx distinctly toothed. Corolla red, blue, or white.<span class="spc">  </span>193<br /> -<br /> -193. Petals with a long claw, blue or violet; wings and keel adnate at the -base to the staminal tube. Fruit oblong, glandular-hairy. Seeds -without an outgrowth at the hilum. Spinous shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate -on the young branches, unifoliolate on the older. Flowers -solitary or in fascicles. Bracteoles small, leaf-like.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa (Algeria). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erinacea</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a short claw or sessile, free from the staminal tube. Seeds -with an outgrowth at the hilum. Unarmed plants. Leaves trifoliolate.<br /> -Flowers in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>194<br /> -<br /> -194. Keel shorter than the standard. Corolla red or violet. Fruit linear, -many-seeded. Shrubs. Bracteoles bristle-like.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypocalyptus</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Keel longer than the standard. Corolla red or white. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, -few-seeded. Undershrubs.—Species 1. South Africa<br /> -(Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Loddigesia</b> Sims<br /> -<br /> -195. (148.) Leaves equally pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>196<br /> -<br /> -Leaves unequally pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>197<br /> -<br /> -196. Leaflets 4. Flowers solitary or in spikes. Calyx with a long, narrow -tube and unequal lobes. Corolla yellow or whitish; keel beaked.<br /> -Filaments all united. Ovules 2-3. Fruit oblong, inflated, continuous -within, indehiscent, ripening beneath the soil. Stem herbaceous.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>A. hypogaea</i> L., ground-nut). Cultivated.<br /> -The seeds are edible and yield oil; the leaves are used as a vegetable -or as fodder.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arachis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets numerous. Flowers in racemes. Calyx with a wide tube, -truncate or with subequal lobes. Keel blunt or somewhat pointed.<br /> -Filaments united, excepting one. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, -with transverse partitions.—Species 15. Tropics to Natal and Egypt.<br /> -Some species yield timber, fibre, fodder, or medicaments, or serve as -garden- or hedge-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sesbania</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -197. Leaflets 3.<span class="spc">  </span>198<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>203<br /> -<br /> -198. Leaflets with stipels.<span class="spc">  </span>199<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets without stipels.<span class="spc">  </span>201<br /> -<br /> -199. Filaments all united. Corolla red; standard unappendaged; keel almost -straight, blunt, shorter than the wings. Style short and thick. Flowers -very small. Twining herbs.—Species 3. Tropical and South-east<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_268">{268}</a></span>Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Teramnus</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united, excepting the uppermost, which is free at least at the -base. Standard auricled at the base; keel curved. Flowers large or -rather large.<span class="spc">  </span>200<br /> -<br /> -200. Uppermost stamens free at the base, but united with the others at the -middle. Corolla red; keel somewhat shorter than the wings. Twining -shrubs.—Species 1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dioclea</b> H. B. & K.<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamens free throughout. Corolla red or yellowish-green; -keel as long as or longer than the wings.—Species 20. Tropics.<br /> -Some of them yield poisons, medicaments, vegetables, fodder, and -dyes, or serve as ornamental plants. (<i>Stizolobium</i> P. Br.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mucuna</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -201. Stipules free, stem-clasping. Corolla red, blue, or white; keel blunt.<br /> -Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Corolla red or yellow; keel usually -beaked. Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>202<br /> -<br /> -202. Leaflets toothed. Calyx with a short tube and subequal segments.<br /> -Fruit dehiscing by two valves, usually terete. (See 129.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets entire. Calyx with a thread-shaped tube and unequal segments, -four of which are connate. Corolla yellow. Ovules 2-3. Base of the -style persistent. Fruit flat, separating in two joints or indehiscent.<br /> -Herbs. Flowers usually intermixed with feathery bristles.—Species<br /> -5. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stylosanthes</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -203. (197.) Stem woody. Corolla white or red; wings free. Stamens diadelphous -at the base, at first monadelphous at the middle. Ovary stalked.<br /> -Style hairy at the apex. Fruit flat.—Species 1 (<i>R. Pseudacacia</i> L.).<br /> -Naturalized in North Africa. Yields timber and medicaments and is -used as an ornamental plant. The bark and the leaves are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Robinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous. Corolla blue, yellow, or whitish. Ovary sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>204<br /> -<br /> -204. Filaments united, excepting one, or all united into a sheath split above.<br /> -Wings free. Fruit oblong or ovate, flat or constricted between the -seeds.—Species 2. North Africa. They yield medicaments (liquorice), -dyes, and material for papermaking.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycyrrhiza</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments all united into a closed tube. Wings slightly adhering to the -keel. Style glabrous. Fruit linear, subterete.—Species 1. North<br /> -Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental, medicinal, or fodder-plant.<br /> -“Goats rue.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galega</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -205. (147.) Leaves abruptly pinnate. [Especially tribe VICIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>206<br /> -<br /> -Leaves imparipinnate, digitate, unifoliolate, simple, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>220<br /> -<br /> -206. Calyx distinctly two-lipped, the upper lip entire or shortly 2-toothed, the -lower one entire, 3-toothed, or 3-parted. Corolla yellow; standard -suborbicular. Fruit jointed. Flowers in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>207<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_269">{269}</a></span>Calyx equally or subequally toothed or divided, or entire.<span class="spc">  </span>210<br /> -<br /> -207. Bracts very large, imbricate, hiding the flowers and fruits. Bracteoles -none. Flowers very small. Filaments all united. Ovules 2. Herbs.<br /> -Stipules produced at the base into a spur-like appendage.—Species 9.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geissaspis</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Bracts not hiding the flowers, usually small and deciduous. Bracteoles -present.<span class="spc">  </span>208<br /> -<br /> -208. Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx. Filaments all united. Ovules more -than two.—Species 30. Tropical and South-east Africa. (<i>Damapana</i><br /> -Adans., including <i>Kotschya</i> Endl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smithia</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much exceeding the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>209<br /> -<br /> -209. Ovary sessile. Uppermost stamen free. Keel obtuse. Fruit ring-shaped -or spirally twisted, flat, glabrous except at the shortly spinous -sutures, 2-valved. Herbs. Leaves with 2-4 pairs of leaflets. Stipules -spurred at the base. Bracts not spurred.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclocarpa</b> Afz.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary stalked. Fruit straight, curved, or spirally twisted; in the -latter case covered with glandular hairs.—Species 60. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some species (especially the ambatch, <i>A. Elaphroxylon</i><br /> -Taub.) yield cork-wood, fibre, and medicaments. (Including <i>Herminiera</i><br /> -Guill. & Perr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeschynomene</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -210. Style hairy, usually bearded lengthwise. Fruit more or less flattened,<br /> -1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. Herbs.<br /> -Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>211<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>214<br /> -<br /> -211. Staminal tube obliquely truncate at its mouth.<span class="spc">  </span>212<br /> -<br /> -Staminal tube evenly truncate.<span class="spc">  </span>213<br /> -<br /> -212. Style bearded on the inner face. Flowers small. Corolla bluish-white; -keel somewhat pointed. Uppermost stamen free. Ovary almost -sessile. Ovules 2. Seeds flat.—Species 3. North Africa; also -cultivated in northern Central Africa. The seeds of <i>L. esculenta</i><br /> -Moench (lentils) are used as food, for the preparation of starch, and in -medicine. (Under <i>Ervum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lens</b> Gren. & Godr.<br /> -<br /> -Style hairy all round or on the back only; in the latter case flowers large -or middle-sized. Seeds globose or slightly flattened.—Species 40.<br /> -North and East Africa; some species also naturalized in South Africa -and the Mascarene Islands. They yield fodder, edible fruits and seeds<br /> -(especially beans from <i>V. Faba</i> L.), and medicaments; some are used as -ornamental plants. “Vetch.” (Including <i>Ervum</i> L. and <i>Faba</i><br /> -Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vicia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -213. Style-apex compressed laterally, with the margins bent upwards, hence -grooved above. Ovary subsessile. Ovules more than 2. Corolla -white or red; keel blunt. Uppermost stamens free at the base.<br /> -Leaves with 1-3 pairs of leaflets. (See 141.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pisum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex compressed dorsally, with the margins straight or bent downwards.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_270">{270}</a></span>(See 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathyrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -214. Stamens 9. Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla white or pink; standard -adhering to the staminal tube at its base; wings oblong, shorter than -the keel. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves ending in a bristle. Bracteoles -present.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Several species<br /> -(especially <i>A. praecatorius</i> L.) yield fibres, poisonous ornamental seeds<br /> -(crab-eyes), and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Abrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>215<br /> -<br /> -215. Connective of the stamens ending in a small point, a gland, or a tuft of -hairs. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely -chambered, opening by two valves. Herbs undershrubs or shrubs, -clothed with appressed hairs fixed at the middle. Bracteoles none.—Species<br /> -320. Tropical, South, and North-east Africa. Several species -yield a dye (indigo), or are used in medicine or as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>216<br /> -<br /> -216. Fruit indehiscent, not jointed. Calyx-teeth obscure or wanting. Standard -auricled at the base; petals of the keel free. Alternate filaments with<br /> -a scale at the base. Trees. Leaflets alternate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xanthocercis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscent or jointed. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>217<br /> -<br /> -217. Fruit jointed, dehiscing on one side or indehiscent. Corolla yellow; -standard orbicular. Stamens usually all united. (See 209.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeschynomene</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>218<br /> -<br /> -218. Fruit transversely septate. Bracteoles bristle-like, deciduous. Uppermost -stamen free. (See 196.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sesbania</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit longitudinally septate or 1-celled. Wings adhering to the keel.<span class="spc">  </span>219<br /> -<br /> -219. Fruit 1-celled, compressed. Petals with a short claw. Herbs. Leaves -ending in a bristle or a tendril. Bracteoles none. (See 212.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vicia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2-celled, rarely 1-celled but then turgid.—Species 70. North and<br /> -East Africa to Transvaal and the Cape Verde Islands. Several species -yield fodder, tragacanth-gum, manna-like exudations, or edible -seeds which are also used as a substitute for coffee. (Including <i>Acanthyllis</i><br /> -Pomel, <i>Erophaca</i> Boiss., and <i>Phaca</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astragalus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -220. (205.) Leaves unifoliolate, simple, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>221<br /> -<br /> -Leaves digitate or pinnate, with 3 or more leaflets<span class="spc">  </span>251<br /> -<br /> -221. Leaves exstipulate or wanting<span class="spc">  </span>222<br /> -<br /> -Leaves stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>224<br /> -<br /> -222. Branches leaf-like. Leaves usually wanting. Trees. Corolla red. Fruit -turgid, indehiscent.—Species 5. Madagascar. They yield timber.<br /> -(Including <i>Neobaronia</i> Bak.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phylloxylon</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Branches not leaf-like. Leaves present. Shrubs. Corolla yellow. Fruit -flat, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with an outgrowth near the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_271">{271}</a></span>hilum.<span class="spc">  </span>223<br /> -<br /> -223. Flowers in heads surrounded by large imbricate bracts. Lowest calyx-lobe -very large, petaloid. Standard ovate or oblong; wings oblong.<br /> -(See 157.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Liparia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in racemes, umbels, or heads with small or medium-sized -bracts. Lowest calyx-lobe equalling or slightly exceeding the -others. Standard suborbicular; wings obovate. Bracteoles bristle-like.<br /> -(See 157.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Priestleya</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -224. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>225<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>241<br /> -<br /> -225. Uppermost stamen united with the others at least in its lower half.<span class="spc">  </span>226<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the others throughout or at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>229<br /> -<br /> -226. Ovule 1. Ovary sessile. Style slender. Calyx-teeth long and pointed.<br /> -Petals shortly clawed. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, ovate, indehiscent.<br /> -Flowers 1-3 in the axils of the leaves.—Species 6. South Africa<br /> -(Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hallia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>227<br /> -<br /> -227. Style bearded. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Seeds with an -aril. Leaves reduced to the broadened or tendril-bearing petiole.<br /> -(See 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathyrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous. Leaves unifoliolate.<span class="spc">  </span>228<br /> -<br /> -228. Style short and broad. Ovary sessile. Petals red, long-clawed. Fruit -compressed. Leaflets entire. Stipules awl-shaped. Flowers very -small, in axillary racemes.—Species 5. Central Africa to Transvaal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microcharis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Style awl-shaped. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Calyx deeply -divided. Petals short-clawed. Leaflets toothed. Stipules adnate -to the leaf-stalk. Flowers 1-3 in the axils of the leaves. (See 129.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -229. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when -young, free at the base, later sometimes free throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>230<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly from the base.<span class="spc">  </span>234<br /> -<br /> -230. Fruit jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>231<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>232<br /> -<br /> -231. Upper calyx-lobes separate. Wings small; standard subsessile. Ovary -stalked. Ovules 1-3. Leaflets without stipels. Flowers in axillary, -few-flowered racemes, with small bracteoles.—Species 5. Nileland and<br /> -Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Taverniera</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Upper calyx-lobes more or less united. Wings oblong, adhering to the -keel. Ovules 2 or more. Leaflets usually with stipels.—Species 40.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental, medicinal, -or textile plants. (<i>Meibomia</i> Moehr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmodium</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -232. Flowers very small, in pairs in the axils of the leaves, with minute bracteoles.<br /> -Fruit oblong, with a membranous pericarp, indehiscent.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_272">{272}</a></span>Leaflets without stipels.—Species 2. South Africa to Angola.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sylitra</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers not very small, in usually terminal or leaf-opposed racemes.<br /> -Fruit with a more or less herbaceous pericarp, dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>233<br /> -<br /> -233. Flowers with rather large bracteoles, violet. Ovary shortly stalked.<br /> -Stigma penicillate. Fruit 4-winged, septate. Stem twining. Leaflets -with stipels. Stipules spurred.—Species 4. Tropics. The roots and -the fruits are used as vegetables. (<i>Botor</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psophocarpus</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without bracteoles. Ovary sessile. Fruit flat. Leaflets without -stipels, usually with numerous parallel side-nerves.—Species 130.<br /> -Some of them yield dyes, poisons, and medicaments. (<i>Cracca</i> L., -including <i>Pogonostigma</i> Boiss. and <i>Requienia</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -234. Connective of the stamens ending in a small point, a gland, or a tuft of -hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved. Fruit with transverse partitions.<br /> -Plants clothed with appressed hairs fixed by the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>235<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely affixed by the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>236<br /> -<br /> -235. Keel beaked. Anthers bearded at base and apex. Style boat-shaped -below. Ovules 4-6. Fruit short-stalked, turgid. (See 151.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchotropis</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Keel blunt or somewhat pointed, gibbous or spurred on each side. Style -thread-shaped. Fruit sessile or nearly so. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -236. Ovule 1.<span class="spc">  </span>237<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>238<br /> -<br /> -237. Leaflets with stipels. Flowers in racemes, with broad bracteoles. Calyx-lobes -narrow, subequal. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptodesmia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets without stipels. Leaves gland-dotted. Fruit indehiscent; pericarp -adnate to the seed. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -238. Ovules 2. Corolla usually yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>239<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more. Corolla usually red.<span class="spc">  </span>240<br /> -<br /> -239. Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the -funicle affixed at its apex. Upper calyx-lobes separate or shortly united.<br /> -Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining -plants.—Species 55. Tropical and South Africa. The roots of one -species are used in making beer.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriosema</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the -hilum; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle affixed at or nearly in the -middle. Upper calyx-lobes more or less united. Standard orbicular or -obovate. Twining or decumbent, more rarely erect plants.—Species<br /> -100. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. (<i>Dolicholus</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchosia</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -240. Calyx-lobes long, stiff, very unequal, the two upper ones united high up.<br /> -Style thread-shaped, glabrous. Fruit jointed, indehiscent. Leaves<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_273">{273}</a></span>unifoliolate, usually stipellate. Stipules membranous. Flowers small, -in racemes, with bracteoles.—Species 9. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Fabricia</i> Scop.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alysicarpus</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes subequal. Style flattened, bearded towards the apex.<br /> -Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with a small aril.<br /> -Leaves reduced to the broadened or tendril-bearing petiole. Stipules -leaf-like. Flowers without bracteoles. (See 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathyrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -241. (224.) Filaments all united into a tube split on one or on both sides.<br /> -Bracteoles present.<span class="spc">  </span>242<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united into a tube, excepting one which is free, at least at the -base.<span class="spc">  </span>240<br /> -<br /> -242. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Standard suborbicular. Fruit jointed.<br /> -Seeds oblong. Shrubs, usually erect. Flowers in few-flowered -racemes.—Species 10. Tropics. (<i>Diphaca</i> Lour., including <i>Arthrocarpum</i><br /> -Balf. f.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ormocarpum</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary stalked. Ovules 2-3. Anthers basifixed. Fruit not jointed, -indehiscent. Seeds reniform. Trees or climbing shrubs. Flowers in -cymes arranged in many-flowered raceme- or panicle-like inflorescences.—Species<br /> -65. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield -timber (Senegal-ebony) and gum-resin. (<i>Amerimnon</i> P.Br., including<br /> -<i>Ecastaphyllum</i> Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dalbergia</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -243. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when -young.<span class="spc">  </span>244<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>245<br /> -<br /> -244. Fruit jointed, indented at one or at both sutures. Leaflets usually -with stipels. (See 231.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmodium</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, very thinly or not septate, opening by two valves.<br /> -Standard clawed, suborbicular. Ovary sessile. Stigma usually hairy.<br /> -Leaflets usually with numerous parallel side-nerves and without -stipels. Bracteoles none. (See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -245. Connective of the stamens ending in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs.<br /> -Keel straight or slightly curved. Fruit transversely septate. Shrubs -with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. <b>Bracteoles</b> none.<span class="spc">  </span>246<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely fixed by the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>247<br /> -<br /> -246. Fruit separating into joints. Petals red, clawed. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Leafstalk not jointed at the apex.—Species 1. Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bremontiera</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. Standard sessile or short-clawed; -keel gibbous or spurred on each side. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -247. Bracteoles present. Trees. Petals yellow, more rarely white marked -with violet; those of the keel free or slightly cohering. Ovules 2-4.<br /> -Fruit compressed, more or less winged, indehiscent.—Species 15.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber (rose-wood) -and a resin (kino) used for tanning and dyeing and for medicinal -purposes, also edible fruits and seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterocarpus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_274">{274}</a></span>Bracteoles wanting. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>248<br /> -<br /> -248. Ovule 1. Petals blue, red, or white; standard short-clawed; keel -curved. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed.<br /> -Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>249<br /> -<br /> -249. Ovules 3 or more. Petals red. Fruit subterete, constricted between -the seeds, indehiscent. Spinous shrubs. Racemes with the rachis -ending in a spine.—Species 1. Egypt and Nubia. The resinous -exudations (Persian manna) are used for food and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alhagi</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2. Petals red or yellow; standard auricled at base. Fruit -dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>250<br /> -<br /> -250. Fruit compressed. Seeds with a linear hilum. (See 239.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriosema</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit turgid. Seeds with a short hilum.—Species 5. Tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa. Used for dyeing and in medicine. (<i>Moghania</i><br /> -St. Hil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flemingia</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -251. (220.) Leaflets 3.<span class="spc">  </span>252<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 4 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>330<br /> -<br /> -252. Leaves digitate.<span class="spc">  </span>253<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>264<br /> -<br /> -253. Uppermost stamen united with the others into a tube or sheath. Ovules -numerous. Bracteoles bristle-like.<span class="spc">  </span>254<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>257<br /> -<br /> -254. Filaments united into a closed tube. Seeds with an outgrowth at the -hilum. Herbs or hairy shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>255<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united into a sheath split above. Seeds without an outgrowth -at the hilum. Glabrous undershrubs, shrubs, or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>256<br /> -<br /> -255. Calyx-lobes unequal, the upper approaching in pairs. Standard spatulate; -wings obliquely ovate. Anthers slightly unequal. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, -dehiscing by two valves. Tall shrubs with brownish -hairs. Flowers in head-like spikes. (See 175.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaenohoffmannia</b> O. Ktze.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes subequal. Standard ovate or oblong; wings narrow; petals -of the keel scarcely cohering. Fruit linear or lanceolate, dehiscing -at the upper suture. Decumbent herbs. Flowers very small, solitary -or in short racemes.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rothia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -256. Keel longer than the standard. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, few-seeded.<br /> -Undershrubs. (See 194.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Loddigesia</b> Sims<br /> -<br /> -Keel shorter than the standard. Fruit linear, many-seeded. Shrubs -or trees. (See 194.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypocalyptus</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -257. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when -young.<span class="spc">  </span>258<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free. Bracteoles absent.<span class="spc">  </span>260<br /> -<br /> -258. Petals, at least the four lower ones, adnate below to the staminal tube.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_275">{275}</a></span>Fruit not jointed, scarcely dehiscent. Herbs. Leaflets usually -toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers solitary or in -spikes, heads, or umbels. Bracteoles absent. (See 138.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trifolium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free from the staminal tube. Ovary sessile. Fruit flat. Leaflets -entire.<span class="spc">  </span>259<br /> -<br /> -259. Flowers very small, solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, with -small bracteoles. Petals yellowish. Fruit oblong; pericarp membranous.<br /> -Undershrubs. (See 232.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sylitra</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers not very small, in racemes, without bracteoles. Petals usually -red. Fruit dehiscing by two valves; pericarp more or less herbaceous.<br /> -(See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -260. Connective of the stamens ending in a gland, a tuft of hairs, or a small -point. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely -septate, dehiscing by two valves. Plants with appressed hairs fixed -by the middle. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>261<br /> -<br /> -261. Ovule 1. Keel curved. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering -to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>262<br /> -<br /> -262. Ovules 2. Petals free from the staminal tube; standard auricled at -base. Fruit turgid, 1-celled, 2-valved. Shrubs. (See 250.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flemingia</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more, rarely 2, but then lower petals adnate to the staminal -tube. Wings exceeding the keel. Herbs. Stipules adnate to the -leafstalk.<span class="spc">  </span>263<br /> -<br /> -263. Petals, at least the four lower ones, adnate to the staminal tube. Keel -blunt. Ovules 2-8. Fruit scarcely dehiscent. (See 138.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trifolium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free from the staminal tube, red. Keel somewhat pointed, curved.<br /> -Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.<br /> -Flowers solitary. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parochetus</b> Hamilt.<br /> -<br /> -264. (252.) Leaflets with stipels. [Especially tribe PHASEOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>265<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets without stipels.<span class="spc">  </span>310<br /> -<br /> -265. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>266<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>303<br /> -<br /> -266. Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base. Flowers -small, red, in racemes, with the rachis not thickened.—Species 20.<br /> -Tropical and South-east Africa; one species (<i>G. hispida</i> Maxim., soy-bean) -only cultivated. The latter yields edible oily seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free or almost so, or united with the others in the -middle only.<span class="spc">  </span>267<br /> -<br /> -267. Uppermost stamen, at least when young, free at the base, but united with -the others in the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>268<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_276">{276}</a></span>Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>272<br /> -<br /> -268. Flowers in racemes, the rachis of which is thickened at the insertion of the -pedicels. Bracteoles present. Wings usually free from the keel.<br /> -Fruit not jointed, opening in two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>269<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes with the rachis not thickened, or in fascicles, or -solitary. Wings adhering to the keel. Fruit compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>271<br /> -<br /> -269. Fruit 4-angled or 4-winged. Seeds oblong. Stigma villous. Corolla -violet. Bracteoles rather large, falling off tardily. Stipules spurred.<br /> -(See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psophocarpus</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2-3-angled or 2-winged. Stigma small. Bracteoles small, falling -off early. Stipules small.<span class="spc">  </span>270<br /> -<br /> -270. Calyx-lobes very unequal, the upper much larger than the lower. Seeds -ovate or orbicular.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. The -seeds of several species are eaten and used for dyeing and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Canavalia</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes not very unequal, the upper united higher up, but not considerably -larger than the lower. Seeds oblong.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pueraria</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -271. Fruit more or less distinctly jointed. Bracteoles usually present. (See<br /> -231.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmodium</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, opening by two valves. Stigma usually penicillate.<br /> -Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Bracteoles wanting.<br /> -(See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -272. Style hairy above.<span class="spc">  </span>273<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous or hairy at the base only, sometimes with a hairy stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>287<br /> -<br /> -273. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or racemes with the rachis not thickened -at the insertion of the pedicels. Keel curved. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Fruit linear.<span class="spc">  </span>274<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes, the rachis of which is thickened at the insertion of -the pedicels.<span class="spc">  </span>277<br /> -<br /> -274. Calyx tubular; upper lobes united high up. Corolla white, blue, or violet; -wings oblong, adhering to the much shorter and pointed keel. Ovary -stalked. Style broadened above, bearded lengthwise.—Species 5.<br /> -Tropics. Used as medicinal, dyeing, and ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clitoria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx campanulate. Wings obovate. Ovary almost sessile.<span class="spc">  </span>275<br /> -<br /> -275. Upper calyx-teeth united to the middle. Corolla red or violet; standard -equalling the wings, spurred or gibbous on the back; keel not beaked.<br /> -Style-apex broadened, hairy round the stigma. Fruit flat. Seeds -without an outgrowth at the hilum. Climbing herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in West Africa. Used as a medicinal and ornamental -plant. (<i>Bradburya</i> Rafin., under <i>Clitoria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centrosema</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Upper calyx-teeth united wholly or for the greatest part. Standard -not spurred at the back, but auricled at the base. Style-apex slightly -or not thickened. Fruit more or less inflated. Seeds with an outgrowth<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_277">{277}</a></span>near the hilum.<span class="spc">  </span>276<br /> -<br /> -276. Style with a crown of hairs beneath the large ovoid stigma. Wings -longer than the keel, but shorter than the standard. Stipules long-spurred.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vignopsis</b> De Wild.<br /> -<br /> -Style bearded on the inner face towards the top, or penicillate round the -small terminal stigma. Wings adhering to the keel.—Species 60.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield fodder and edible -fruits or seeds, or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dolichos</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -277. Keel spirally twisted. Ovary surrounded by a cupular disc. Stigma -lateral or oblique.<span class="spc">  </span>278<br /> -<br /> -Keel more or less curved inwards, but not spiral.<span class="spc">  </span>279<br /> -<br /> -278. Keel with a long spur; wings free. Ovary stalked. Ovules 2-3.<br /> -Style with a pointed dorsal appendage at the apex. Flowers violet -or whitish, without bracteoles.—Species 3. Central Africa. One -species (<i>Ph. venenosum</i> Balf., Calabar bean) has poisonous seeds used -in ordeals and medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physostigma</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -Keel without a spur, but sometimes with two gibbosities; wings adhering -to the keel. Ovary almost sessile. Ovules numerous. Style without a -dorsal appendage at the apex.—Species 20. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa; one species (<i>Ph. vulgaris</i> L.) cultivated also in extra-tropical -regions. The fruits and seeds of some species (beans) are eaten -and used for preparing starch and medicaments, those of others are -poisonous. Several species are used as ornamental or fodder-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaseolus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -279. Stigma lateral, situated beneath the apex of the style.<span class="spc">  </span>280<br /> -<br /> -Stigma terminal, but sometimes oblique.<span class="spc">  </span>283<br /> -<br /> -280. Style-apex bent down towards the stigma. Stigma globose, blunt or -notched. Wings oblong, equalling the blunt keel. Fruit flat. Leaflets -usually toothed.—Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. They -yield fibre used for rope-making, and edible roots and seeds, from -which also starch and medicaments are prepared. (<i>Cacara</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachyrrhizus</b> Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex bent back. Fruit turgid.<span class="spc">  </span>281<br /> -<br /> -281. Fruit subglobular, 1-2-seeded, ripening under ground. Ovules 2-3.<br /> -Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla yellow; keel blunt. Creeping herbs. Racemes<br /> -1-3-flowered.—Species 1 (<i>V. subterranea</i> Thouars). Cultivated -in Tropical and South Africa. Yields edible fruits and oily -seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Voandzeia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Fruit linear, several- or many-seeded, ripening above ground. Ovules -several or many.<span class="spc">  </span>282<br /> -<br /> -282. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, with acuminate segments. Keel pointed; wings -auricled. Undershrubs with erect or ascending branches.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Vigna</i> Savi).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Otoptera</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 4-5-toothed or 5-cleft. Keel blunt or beaked.—Species 65.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_278">{278}</a></span>Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some species yield fibre used -for rope-making, and edible fruits or seeds. (Including <i>Liebrechtsia</i><br /> -De Wild.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vigna</b> Savi<br /> -<br /> -283. Stigma very oblique. Style-apex wedge-shaped, hairy. Calyx-teeth -very short and broad. Keel blunt. Fruit linear.—Species 5. Central -and South-east Africa. (Under <i>Vigna</i> Savi).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphenostylis</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma slightly oblique or straight.<span class="spc">  </span>284<br /> -<br /> -284. Upper lip of the calyx entire. Style bearded lengthwise. Fruit oblong,<br /> -2-4-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>285<br /> -<br /> -Upper lip of the calyx notched.<span class="spc">  </span>286<br /> -<br /> -285. Keel almost straight, blunt. Standard oblong, straight, folded over -the other petals. Corolla yellow-green. Style flat at base, hairy above.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa. (Under <i>Dolichos</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chloryllis</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Keel sharply bent upwards, pointed. Standard orbicular, bent back, -expanded. Corolla white or red. Style flat and bearded above.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>L. vulgaris</i> Savi). Tropical and South-east Africa; also -cultivated in Egypt. It yields edible fruits and seeds, fodder, and -medicaments, and serves also as an ornamental plant. (Under <i>Dolichos</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lablab</b> Savi<br /> -<br /> -286. Ovules 2. Style flattened and hairy above. Keel pointed. Upper -calyx-teeth united to about the middle. Glandular plants.—Species<br /> -10. Central Africa. (Under <i>Dolichos</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenodolichos</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more. Style thread-shaped. Keel shortly beaked. Glandless -plants. (See 276.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dolichos</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -287. (272.) Ovules 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span>288<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>295<br /> -<br /> -288. Connective of the stamens produced into a gland, a tuft of hairs, or a -short point. Calyx-teeth subequal. Corolla usually red; keel -gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit more or less turgid, with -transverse partitions. Plants clothed with appressed hairs fixed by -the middle. Bracteoles none. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Fruit more or less compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>289<br /> -<br /> -289. Ovule 1. Calyx-teeth about equal, bristle-like. Keel obtuse. Fruit enclosed -by the calyx. Bracts broad. (See 237.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptodesmia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2, rarely ovule 1, but then calyx-teeth unequal (the upper ones -more or less united).<span class="spc">  </span>290<br /> -<br /> -290. Bracteoles present.<span class="spc">  </span>291<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles absent. Corolla usually yellow; standard auricled at the -base.<span class="spc">  </span>293<br /> -<br /> -291. Style hairy at the base, bent almost at a right angle above the middle.<br /> -Ovary surrounded at the base by a cupular disc. Calyx-teeth and -bracteoles ending in a club-shaped gland. Corolla spotted with -violet. Fruit 1-celled. Leaflets toothed.—Species 5. Central<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Rhynchosia</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eminia</b> Taub.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_279">{279}</a></span>Style glabrous, slightly curved. Fruit transversely chambered.<span class="spc">  </span>292<br /> -<br /> -292. Corolla yellowish; keel as long as the wings; standard not auricled.<br /> -Flowers two or several together in the axils of the leaves, subsessile.<br /> -Fruit ripening under ground.—Species 1. West Africa. Cultivated -for its edible seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kerstingiella</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Corolla red; keel shorter than the wings; standard slightly auricled.<br /> -Flowers in axillary racemes or false-racemes. Fruit ripening above -ground. (See 266.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -293. Calyx-lobes very unequal. Standard oblong or ovate; wings shorter -than the keel, auricled at the base. Style downy below.—Species 4.<br /> -Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cylista</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes about equal, but the two upper ones sometimes more or less -united.<span class="spc">  </span>294<br /> -<br /> -294. Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the -funicle affixed at its apex. Upper calyx-teeth free or shortly united.<br /> -Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining -plants. (See 239.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriosema</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the -hilum; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle affixed in the middle.<br /> -Upper calyx-teeth more or less united. Standard orbicular or obovate.<br /> -Twining or decumbent, more rarely erect plants. (See 239.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchosia</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -295. (287.) Calyx entire or obscurely toothed, gibbous at the base. Corolla -yellow or red. Ovary surrounded at the base by a tubular disc.<br /> -Style broadened in the middle. Fruit flattened, 2-valved. Twining -herbs. Bracteoles present.—Species 1. South and East Africa and<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dumasia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx distinctly toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>296<br /> -<br /> -296. Upper sepals wholly united; hence calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft. Twining -herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>297<br /> -<br /> -Upper sepals more or less separate; calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>298<br /> -<br /> -297. Calyx-lobes short. Corolla red; keel shorter than the wings. Rachis -of the inflorescence not thickened at the insertion of the pedicels.<br /> -Bracts striate.—Species 1. Mountains of Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Shuteria</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes long. Corolla yellow; keel as long as or longer than the -wings. Rachis of the inflorescence thickened at the insertion of the -pedicels. Bracts bristle-like.—Species 2. East Africa to Natal -and Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galactia</b> P. Browne<br /> -<br /> -298. Wings free from the keel. Flowers small, red. Leaflets large.<span class="spc">  </span>299<br /> -<br /> -Wings adhering to the keel.<span class="spc">  </span>300<br /> -<br /> -299. Fruit septate between the seeds, oblong. Seeds globose. Ovules 3-5.<br /> -Style thickened below. Standard auricled at the base.—Species 1.<br /> -German South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neorautanenia</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not septate between the seeds, flat, with transversely veined valves.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_280">{280}</a></span>Seeds reniform. Style awl-shaped. Upper calyx-lobes united high up.<br /> -Hairy plants.—Species 5. Central and South-east Africa (<i>Anarthrosyne</i><br /> -E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudarthria</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -300. Bracteoles wanting. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Connective -ending in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Plants with appressed -hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles present.<span class="spc">  </span>301<br /> -<br /> -301. Standard spurred or gibbous at the apex of the claw. Style broadened -above. Fruit flat. Seeds oblong. Stem twining. Flowers large.<br /> -Bracteoles larger than the bracts. (See 275.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centrosema</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Standard neither spurred nor gibbous. Flowers small or medium-sized.<span class="spc">  </span>302<br /> -<br /> -302. Fruit jointed, flat, usually indehiscent. (See 231.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmodium</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, but septate between the seeds, dehiscing by two valves.<br /> -Corolla red; standard auricled at the base; wings exceeding the keel.<br /> -Bracts bristle-like. (See 266.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -303. (265.) Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle. Calyx-lobes -blunt and very short. Fruit not jointed, indehiscent.—Species<br /> -30. Tropics. Some species yield timber, dyes, fish-poison, and -medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lonchocarpus</b> H. B. & K.<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly so, rarely (<i>Desmodium</i>) -united with the others in the middle, but then calyx-lobes pointed.<br /> -Fruit jointed or dehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>304<br /> -<br /> -304. Connective of the stamens produced in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs.<br /> -Calyx-teeth subequal. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Ovary -sessile or nearly so. Fruit transversely septate. Shrubs with appressed -hairs fixed by the middle. Bracteoles none. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>305<br /> -<br /> -305. Standard with two auricles at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>306<br /> -<br /> -Standard without an appendage at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>308<br /> -<br /> -306. Calyx-teeth blunt, nearly equal. Corolla usually red; keel beaked.<br /> -Bracteoles deciduous.—Species 6. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strongylodon</b> Vog.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth pointed, unequal, the upper united high up. Corolla yellow; -keel blunt. Bracteoles none.<span class="spc">  </span>307<br /> -<br /> -307. Standard oblong or ovate; keel longer than the wings. Ovary and -base of the style hairy. Style thread-shaped. Ovules 2.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baukea</b> Vatke<br /> -<br /> -Standard orbicular; keel somewhat shorter than the wings. Ovary and -base of style glabrous or downy. Style thickened in the middle and -at the apex. Ovules numerous.—Species 1 (<i>C. indicus</i> Spreng., -pigeon-pea). Tropics, also cultivated. Yields edible, pea-like fruits<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_281">{281}</a></span>and seeds, medicaments, fodder, food for silkworms, and manure.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cajanus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -308. Style bearded above. Upper calyx-teeth almost entirely united. Wings -adhering to the shorter and pointed keel. Fruit not jointed. Bracteoles -persistent. (See 274.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clitoria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>309<br /> -<br /> -309. Fruit separating into joints, when ripe. Flowers usually small. Wings -adhering to the keel. (See 231.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmodium</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed. Flowers large. Wings much shorter than the standard, -sometimes wanting. Ovary stalked.—Species 20. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Several species yield wood, vegetables, and medicaments, -or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -310. (264.) Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base.<span class="spc">  </span>311<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>314<br /> -<br /> -311. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, not jointed, indehiscent. Gland-dotted plants.<br /> -Bracteoles absent. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more. Fruit linear or oblong, dehiscent or separating into -joints.<span class="spc">  </span>312<br /> -<br /> -312. Staminal tube split. Ovary sessile. Fruit breaking up into several -joints. Shrubs. Bracteoles persistent. (See 242.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ormocarpum</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Staminal tube closed. Fruit not jointed, opening by two valves. Herbs -or undershrubs. Bracteoles absent.<span class="spc">  </span>313<br /> -<br /> -313. Connective of the stamens ending in a small point. Ovary sessile. Corolla -red; keel blunt. Fruit slightly 4-angled, transversely septate.<br /> -Stipules bristle-like. Flowers small, in racemes, without bracteoles.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyamopsis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Ovary stalked. Calyx deeply -divided. Standard suborbicular. Leaflets minutely toothed. Stipules -adnate to the leaf-stalk. (See 129.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ononis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -314. Bracteoles present. Calyx-teeth subequal. Wings short. Ovary -stalked. Ovules few.<span class="spc">  </span>315<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles absent.<span class="spc">  </span>316<br /> -<br /> -315. Keel beaked. Standard clawed, auricled. Uppermost stamen free.<br /> -Fruit opening by two valves. Seeds subglobular. Twining shrubs.<br /> -Rachis of the raceme thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. (See<br /> -306.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strongylodon</b> Vog.<br /> -<br /> -Keel not beaked. Standard scarcely clawed. Uppermost stamen at -first united with the others in the middle. Fruit breaking up into -several joints. Seeds reniform. Erect undershrubs. (See 231.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Taverniera</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -316. Petals, at least the lower ones, adnate to the staminal tube. Herbs.<br /> -Leaflets usually toothed. Flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or -umbels. (See 138.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trifolium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free from the staminal tube.<span class="spc">  </span>317<br /> -<br /> -317. Connective of the stamens produced into a gland, a point, or a tuft of<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_282">{282}</a></span>hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved inwards, gibbous or spurred on -each side. Fruit transversely septate. Plants with appressed hairs -fixed by the middle. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>318<br /> -<br /> -318. Ovule 1. Corolla red, blue, or white; standard clawed. Fruit ovate, -indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants.<br /> -Stipules stem-clasping, not adnate. Bracts membranous. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more, rarely ovule 1, but then fruit more or less curved or -coiled, corolla usually yellow, standard almost sessile, and stipules -adnate to the leafstalk.<span class="spc">  </span>319<br /> -<br /> -319. Uppermost stamen, at least when young, united with the others in the -middle. Corolla red or white; standard suborbicular, clawed; wings -adhering to the keel. Stigma usually hairy. Fruit dehiscing by two -valves. Leaflets entire, usually with numerous parallel side-nerves.<br /> -Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, more rarely in axillary -racemes or clusters. Bracts distinctly developed. (See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the base, rarely united with the others -in the middle, but then standard oblong or ovate, sessile or nearly so, -corolla usually yellow, fruit not or tardily dehiscent, leaflets usually -toothed, stipules adnate to the leafstalk, inflorescence axillary, and -bracts minute or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>320<br /> -<br /> -320. Ovules 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span>321<br /> -<br /> -Ovules more than 2.<span class="spc">  </span>325<br /> -<br /> -321. Calyx-lobes very unequal, the upper two almost wholly united, the -side ones small, the lowest the longest, enlarged after flowering, scarious.<br /> -Corolla reddish-yellow; standard auricled at base. Fruit -falcate-ovate, enclosed by the calyx, 1-seeded, 2-valved. Twining -undershrubs. (See 293.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cylista</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes about equal, but the upper ones sometimes more or less united, -not or scarcely enlarged after flowering.<span class="spc">  </span>322<br /> -<br /> -322. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, more or less flattened, straight or nearly -so. Upper calyx-teeth usually more or less united. Standard auricled -at base. Leaflets usually entire.<span class="spc">  </span>323<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not or very tardily dehiscing, turgid or curved to spiral, exceeding -the calyx. Upper calyx-teeth scarcely or not united. Leaflets usually -toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk.<span class="spc">  </span>324<br /> -<br /> -323. Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at -the hilum; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle attached in the -middle or nearly so. Standard orbicular or obovate. Twining or -decumbent, rarely erect plants. (See 239.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchosia</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the -funicle attached at its apex. Upper calyx-teeth not or shortly united.<br /> -Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_283">{283}</a></span>plants. (See 239.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriosema</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -324. Fruit straight, globular or ovoid, thick, wrinkled. Flowers in slender, -more or less spike-like racemes, yellow, rarely white. Herbs.—Species<br /> -10. North Africa and Abyssinia; several species also naturalized -in South Africa. Used as fodder or in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melilotus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit more or less curved (sickle- or kidney-shaped) or spirally coiled, -usually flattened. Flowers in short racemes or in heads.—Species<br /> -35. North Africa to Abyssinia and South Africa; several species -also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Some of them (especially<br /> -<i>M. sativa</i> L., lucern) are used as fodder, or medicinal plants, and for -making paper and brush-wares, others are noxious as burs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Medicago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -325. Upper calyx-lobes more or less, sometimes entirely united. Corolla -yellow. Standard suborbicular, auricled at base. Fruit linear or -oblong, constricted between the seeds, dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets -entire, gland-dotted.<span class="spc">  </span>326<br /> -<br /> -Upper calyx-lobes not or scarcely united. Standard oblong or obovate.<br /> -Fruit dehiscing at the upper suture or indehiscent, rarely tardily -dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets usually toothed. Stipules adnate -to the leafstalk.<span class="spc">  </span>328<br /> -<br /> -326. Upper calyx-lobes shortly united. Keel exceeding the wings. Fruit -oblong, curved, turgid, 1-celled. Seeds with an outgrowth at the -hilum. Viscid, twining herbs or undershrubs.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fagelia</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Upper calyx-lobes united for the greater part or entirely. Fruit compressed -and transversely septate.<span class="spc">  </span>327<br /> -<br /> -327. Fruit oblong, blunt or shortly pointed. Seeds with an outgrowth at the -hilum. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules persistent. Flowers in -fascicles or short racemes.—Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<br /> -(Under <i>Atylosia</i> Wight & Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cantharospermum</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit linear, ending in a long point. Seeds without an outgrowth at the -hilum. Style broadened in the middle and towards the apex. Erect -shrubs or undershrubs. Stipules deciduous, awl-shaped. Flowers in -racemes. (See 307.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cajanus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -328. Flowers in long, more or less spike-like racemes. Ovules few. Fruit -oblong to globose, thick, straight, indehiscent, 1-3-seeded. Herbs.<br /> -(See 324.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melilotus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in short racemes, heads, or umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>329<br /> -<br /> -329. Fruit linear or oblong, straight or slightly curved. Herbs.—Species 25.<br /> -North Africa, Nile-land, and South Africa. <i>T. foenumgraecum</i> L. is -cultivated for its seeds, which are used as food, fodder, vermin-poison, -in medicine, and in the manufacture of cloth; it is also used as a -vegetable.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trigonella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_284">{284}</a></span>Fruit spirally twisted, more rarely sickle- or kidney-shaped. (See 324.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Medicago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -330. (251.) Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>331<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>347<br /> -<br /> -331. Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base, at least when -young.<span class="spc">  </span>332<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>336<br /> -<br /> -332. Filaments united into a closed tube, at least when young. Corolla red, -blue, or white. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>333<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united into a sheath split on one or both sides. Corolla yellow, -sometimes veined with red. Fruit breaking up into joints, more -rarely indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>335<br /> -<br /> -333. Stem twining. Leaflets 5-7, stipellate. Bracteoles present. Uppermost -stamen finally separating from the others. (See 266.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect or decumbent. Leaflets not stipellate. Bracteoles absent.<br /> -Uppermost stamen remaining united with the others.<span class="spc">  </span>334<br /> -<br /> -334. Leaflets 5-7. Stipules bristle-like. Corolla red; standard sessile; -wings free. Connective ending in a short point. Fruit septate.<br /> -(See 313.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyamopsis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets numerous. Stipules semi-sagittate. Corolla blue or white; -standard short-clawed; wings adhering to the keel. Connective -without an appendage. Fruit 1-celled. (See 204.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galega</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -335. Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx, folded, with 2 or more flat joints.<br /> -Calyx 2-lipped. (See 208.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smithia</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much exceeding the calyx. Ovary stalked. (See 209.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeschynomene</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -336. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when -young.<span class="spc">  </span>337<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>339<br /> -<br /> -337. Standard clawed. Wings adhering to the keel. Ovules several or -many, very rarely only 2. Stigma usually penicillate. Fruit linear, -rarely oblong or ovate, dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets usually -with many parallel side-nerves. Flowers white or red, in terminal or -leaf-opposed racemes, rarely in axillary fascicles or racemes; in this -case ovules numerous. Bracteoles absent. (See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Standard nearly sessile. Wings short. Ovules 1-3. Fruit oblong to -orbicular, indehiscent, very rarely dehiscing by two valves. Flowers -in axillary spikes or racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>338<br /> -<br /> -338. Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube, feathery. Corolla red; keel -adhering to the staminal tube. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, oblong -or ovate. Unarmed, hairy plants. Stipules connate.—Species 2.<br /> -North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ebenus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes as long as or shorter than the tube. Fruit projecting beyond<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_285">{285}</a></span>the calyx, hemispherical or spirally twisted.—Species 10. North<br /> -Africa and Abyssinia. Sainfoin (<i>O. sativa</i> Lam.) is cultivated in -various regions for fodder, sometimes also as a medicinal or ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Onobrychis</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -339. Style bearded lengthwise towards the top. Fruit 2-valved.<span class="spc">  </span>340<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous above or penicillate round the stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>343<br /> -<br /> -340. Style thread-shaped, bearded on the outside or all round. Calyx-teeth -subequal. Petals red or white, clawed; standard exceeding the -wings and the keel. Seeds kidney-shaped, with a filiform funicle.<br /> -Flowers in racemes.—Species 40. South Africa to Angola. Some are -used medicinally. (<i>Coluteastrum</i> Heist.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lessertia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Style flattened, bearded on the inner side.<span class="spc">  </span>341<br /> -<br /> -341. Calyx-teeth unequal, the two upper ones united high up. Corolla blue -or white. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Leaflets usually -stipellate. Bracteoles persistent. (See 274.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clitoria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth about equal. Seeds with a small aril covering the hilum.<br /> -Leaflets not stipellate. Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>342<br /> -<br /> -342. Staminal tube obliquely truncate. Keel somewhat pointed. Ovary -almost sessile. Ovules 2. Aril ovate or oblong. Flowers small, -bluish-white. (See 212.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lens</b> Gren. & Godr.<br /> -<br /> -Staminal tube evenly truncate. Keel shorter than the wings, usually -blunt. Ovules 3 or more. Aril usually linear. (See 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lathyrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -343. Connective of the stamens bearing a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs.<br /> -Fruit transversely septate, 2-valved. Plants with appressed hairs -fixed by the middle. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely fixed by the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>344<br /> -<br /> -344. Leaflets stipellate, 5-7. Flowers in terminal racemes, without bracteoles.<br /> -Fruit jointed, enclosed by the calyx; joints ovate, slightly flattened.—Species<br /> -1. Central Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uraria</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets not stipellate. Fruit jointed, with orbicular or quadrate flattened -joints, or not jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>345<br /> -<br /> -345. Fruit breaking up into joints, flat. Wings clawed, auricled, shorter than -the scarcely clawed standard. Flowers in axillary racemes, with -bristle-like bracteoles.—Species 12. North Africa. Some are used as -fodder- or ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hedysarum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, usually septate lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>316<br /> -<br /> -346. Fruit sessile, linear, flat, longitudinally 2-celled, indehiscent, the valves -boat-shaped with a wavy and toothed keel. Hairy herbs. Leaflets -emarginate. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers in axillary -spikes or fascicles, bluish or whitish.—Species 1. North Africa and<br /> -Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Biserrula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not flat and with wavy and toothed valves, tardily dehiscent.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_286">{286}</a></span>(See 219.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astragalus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -347. (330.) Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base into a -tube usually split in one or two places, rarely (<i>Dalbergia</i>) wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>348<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>354<br /> -<br /> -348. Fruit breaking up into two or more joints, very rarely reduced to a single -ovate, not winged joint. Calyx usually two-lipped. Corolla yellow or -white, sometimes with red stripes or veins. Standard suborbicular.<br /> -Erect shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>349<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not jointed, indehiscent, more or less distinctly winged, rarely -not winged but curved. Ovules few. Trees or climbing, very rarely -erect shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>351<br /> -<br /> -349. Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx, folded, jointed. Seeds 2 or more, -reniform or orbicular, flat. Calyx two-lipped. Racemes short.<br /> -Bracteoles persistent. (See 208.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smithia</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much exceeding the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>350<br /> -<br /> -350. Joints of the fruit 2 or more, oblong, usually striate. Ovary sessile, -with several or many ovules. Racemes few-flowered. Bracteoles -persistent. (See 242.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ormocarpum</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Joints of the fruit quadrate to semiorbicular, not striate. Ovary usually -stalked. (See 209.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeschynomene</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -351. Staminal tube closed all round. Calyx subtruncate, very shortly or -obscurely toothed. Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets opposite—Species<br /> -15. Tropics. Some are poisonous. (<i>Deguelia</i> Aubl., -including <i>Leptoderris</i> Dunn)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Derris</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Staminal tube split in one or two places. Leaflets usually alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>352<br /> -<br /> -352. Anthers attached by the base, with erect cells opening by a short apical -slit, or with divergent cells opening lengthwise. Calyx-lobes unequal.<br /> -Ovary stalked. Seeds kidney-shaped. Flowers in copious panicles -composed of cymes. (See 242.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dalbergia</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers attached by the back, opening by parallel longitudinal slits.<br /> -Fruit more or less oblique or curved.<span class="spc">  </span>353<br /> -<br /> -353. Bracteoles persistent. Calyx bell-shaped, obtuse at base. Corolla -violet; standard silky outside. Ovary stalked. Ovules 1-2. Fruit -thick-leathery, crescent-shaped, not winged. Seed 1, kidney-shaped.<br /> -Small spiny trees.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drepanocarpus</b> G. F. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles deciduous. Calyx more or less top-shaped at the base. Corolla -yellow, more rarely white marked with violet; standard glabrous.<br /> -Ovules 2-6. Fruit membranous or leathery, hardened in the middle, -more or less distinctly winged. (See 247.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterocarpus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -354. (347.) Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least -when young.<span class="spc">  </span>355<br /> -<br /> -Uppermost stamen free throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>361<br /> -<br /> -355. Wings free from the keel. Ovules more than two. Fruit 2-valved.<br /> -Leaflets usually with stipels.<span class="spc">  </span>356<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_287">{287}</a></span>Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets usually without stipels.<span class="spc">  </span>357<br /> -<br /> -356. Flowers in axillary racemes, without bracteoles. Corolla white. Ovary -stalked, not surrounded by a disc. Style hairy at the apex. Stipules -spine-like. (See 203.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Robinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, with bracteoles. Corolla red, -bluish, or white. Ovary usually surrounded at the base by a disc.<br /> -Style glabrous.—Species 60. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some -species yield timber, dyes, and poison.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Millettia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -357. Calyx-teeth distinctly developed. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Shrubs.<br /> -Bracteoles absent.<span class="spc">  </span>358<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth very short or wanting. Fruit indehiscent. Trees or climbing -shrubs. Bracteoles present.<span class="spc">  </span>359<br /> -<br /> -358. Petals acuminate, red; standard lanceolate; keel beaked. Style -glabrous.—Species 10. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chadsia</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Petals obtuse or subacute, white or red; standard suborbicular; keel -not beaked. (See 233.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tephrosia</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -359. Fruit winged. Seeds flat. Ovary sessile or short-stalked. (See 351.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Derris</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not winged.<span class="spc">  </span>360<br /> -<br /> -360. Fruit with a thick-leathery, almost woody pericarp, oblique-oblong, not -thickened at the sutures. Seed 1, kidney-shaped, rather thick. Ovary -subsessile, with 2 ovules. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in racemes, -reddish.—Species 1. Seychelles. The wood and the oily seeds are -used. (<i>Galedupa</i> Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pongamia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a membranous or leathery pericarp. Seeds flat. (See 303.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lonchocarpus</b> H. B. & K.<br /> -<br /> -361. (354.) Stem shrubby, erect or climbing.<span class="spc">  </span>362<br /> -<br /> -Stem tree-like.<span class="spc">  </span>371<br /> -<br /> -362. Style bearded lengthwise towards the apex. Ovules numerous. Fruit -indehiscent or dehiscing at the top only. Flowers in axillary racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>363<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous, or hairy at the base only, or bearing a penicillate stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>365<br /> -<br /> -363. Style bearded on the back or all round. Stigma terminal. Corolla red -or white; keel blunt, shorter than the standard. Fruit finally dehiscing -at the top. (See 340.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lessertia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Style bearded on the inner side only. Ovary stalked. Fruit inflated, -indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>364<br /> -<br /> -364. Stigma terminal. Corolla red; keel pointed, exceeding the standard.<br /> -Bracteoles present.—Species 1. South Africa. Used as an ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sutherlandia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma placed beneath the hooked apex of the style. Corolla yellow; -keel blunt; standard with two callosities on the inner side.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa and Abyssinia. They (especially <i>C. arborescens</i> L. -bladder senna) are used as ornamental plants and yield a dye and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_288">{288}</a></span>medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colutea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -365. Connective of the stamens bearing a gland, a short point, or a tuft of hairs.<br /> -Wings adhering to the keel. Fruit 2-valved. Hairs fixed by the -middle. Bracteoles absent. (See 215.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indigofera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective without an appendage. Bracteoles usually present.<span class="spc">  </span>366<br /> -<br /> -366. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed.<br /> -Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psoralea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>367<br /> -<br /> -367. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip hooded, notched, equalling the standard, -the lower lip divided into 3 narrow teeth. Corolla yellowish. Ovary -sessile. Ovules 5-7. Flowers in panicles, with large persistent -bracteoles.—Species 8. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platysepalum</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx obscurely 2-lipped, with a not very large upper lip, or equally<br /> -4-5-toothed, or almost entire.<span class="spc">  </span>368<br /> -<br /> -368. Wings adhering to the keel.<span class="spc">  </span>369<br /> -<br /> -Wings free from the keel.<span class="spc">  </span>370<br /> -<br /> -369. Calyx-teeth very short or wanting. Fruit flat, narrowly winged, transversely -chambered or 1-celled, indehiscent. Usually climbing plants.<br /> -(See 351.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Derris</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth distinctly developed. Fruit longitudinally 2-celled, more -rarely 1-celled, but turgid, finally dehiscing by two valves. (See<br /> -219.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astragalus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -370. Inflorescence axillary. Corolla yellowish. Ovary sessile. Ovules free.<br /> -Fruit leathery, suborbicular, not winged, indehiscent. Seed 1, oblong -or ovate. Climbing plants. Leaflets without stipels.—Species 3.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ostryocarpus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence terminal. Ovary usually surrounded by a disc. Fruit -linear or oblong, tardily dehiscing by two valves. Seeds orbicular or -reniform. (See 356.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Millettia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -371. (361.) Calyx 2-lipped, with large entire lips. Corolla yellow; wings -free; petals of the keel free. Ovary subsessile, surrounded by a -lobed disc. Ovules 3-4. Bracteoles small, deciduous.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dewevrea</b> Mich.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 2-lipped with divided lips, or more or less equally 4-5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>372<br /> -<br /> -372. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip hooded, notched, equalling the standard, -the lower lip divided into 3 narrow teeth. Corolla yellow. Ovary -sessile. Ovules 5-7. Flowers in panicles. Bracteoles large, persistent.<br /> -(See 367.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platysepalum</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx obscurely 2-lipped, with a not very large upper lip, or equally<br /> -4-5-toothed, or almost entire.<span class="spc">  </span>373<br /> -<br /> -373. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.<span class="spc">  </span>374<br /> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent. Ovules 2-6.<span class="spc">  </span>375<br /> -<br /> -374. Leaflets alternate, gland-dotted on the lower face. Petals gland-dotted.<br /> -Ovary long-stalked. Ovules 3-4. Fruit woody, turgid.—Species 2.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schefflerodendron</b> Harms<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_67" style="width: 340px;"> -<a href="images/plt_067.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_067.jpg" width="340" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LEGUMINOSAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 67.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Bauhinia macrantha Oliv.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Anther from the -side and the front. <i>D</i> Staminodes. <i>E</i> Stigma. <i>F</i> Ovary. cut -lengthwise. <i>G</i> Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_68" style="width: 337px;"> -<a href="images/plt_068.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_068.jpg" width="337" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>GERANIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 68.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Monsonia biflora DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Whole plant. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Sepal. <i>D</i> Cross-section -of ovary. <i>E</i> Unripe fruit. <i>F</i> Ripe fruit. <i>G</i> Mericarp.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_289">{289}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Leaflets opposite. Petals not gland-dotted. Fruit more or less leathery -and flattened. Inflorescence terminal. (See 356.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Millettia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -375. Calyx-teeth very short or wanting. Corolla red or white; standard -distinctly clawed; petals of the keel free. Ovary stalked. Fruit -drupe-like with a woody endocarp and a more or less fleshy exocarp.<br /> -Seed 1. Inflorescence terminal.—Species 2. West Africa. They -yield timber and are used in medicine. (<i>Vouacapoua</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Andira</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth distinctly developed. Corolla yellow or white, sometimes -marked with red or violet. Fruit more or less distinctly winged, with<br /> -a membranous or leathery pericarp. Leaflets alternate or subopposite.<br /> -(See 247.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterocarpus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PANDALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_106">FAMILY 106.</a> PANDACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in fascicled racemes, or in false -racemes formed of fascicles, or in panicles, unisexual. Calyx small, -slightly toothed. Petals 5, large, oblong, red. Stamens 10. Ovary -superior, slightly lobed, 3-4-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, -straight. Stigmas 3-4, sessile or nearly so, oblong. Fruit a drupe; -stone with many pits and cavities, 3-4-seeded. Seeds with a large axile -embryo and an oily albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. Equatorial West Africa. The seeds yield oil. (<i>Porphyranthus</i><br /> -Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Panda</b> Pierre<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER GERANIALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER GERANIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_107">FAMILY 107.</a> GERANIACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. -Sepals 5, imbricate, rarely 4, valvate in bud. Petals 2-8, more or less -distinctly perigynous, imbricate in bud. Stamens twice or thrice as many -as the petals, some frequently sterile, the outer opposite the petals. -Anthers opening inwards. Ovary lobed, 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each -cell, rarely 8-celled with 1-ovuled cells. Fruit beaked, the carpels -separating at maturity. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 6, species 350. (Plate -68.)</p> - -<p> -1. Sepals 4, valvate in bud. Petals 8, white. Stamens 8, opposite the -petals, free. Ovary 8-celled, with 1 ascending ovule in each cell. Tails<br /> -(awns) of the carpels not recurved at maturity. Shrubs. Flowers -solitary, with 4 bracteoles.—Species 1. Island of Socotra. [Tribe<br /> -DIRACHMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dirachma</b> Schweinf.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals 2-5. Stamens 10 or 15, some frequently<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_290">{290}</a></span>sterile. Ovary 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Tails (awns) of -the carpels curved or twisted backwards at maturity. [Tribe GERANIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers irregular, with a spur-like appendage along the pedicel and without -glands at the base of the stamens. Fertile stamens 5-7, rarely 2-4.—Species<br /> -250. Southern and tropical Africa; two species also naturalized -in North Africa. Many of them are used as ornamental plants, -some have edible roots or yield perfumes or medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pelargonium</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or almost so, without a spur-like appendage, with glands -at the base of the stamens. Fertile stamens 5, 10, or 15.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens 10, all or 5 of them fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 15, all fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Tails of the carpels spirally twisted, hairy. Fertile stamens 5. Petals -entire. Flowers usually in umbels.—Species 40. North Africa to<br /> -Abyssinia and South Africa. Some are used medicinally; hygrometres -are made from the carpel-tails. “Storks-bill.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erodium</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Tails of the carpels arched, generally glabrous. Fertile stamens usually 10.<br /> -Petals mostly notched. Flowers usually solitary or in pairs.—Species<br /> -30. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Some -species are used as ornamental plants or yield tanning and dyeing -materials or medicaments. “Cranes-bill.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geranium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Filaments united in 5 bundles. Stem herbaceous.—Species 25. Some -are used medicinally. (Plate 68.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monsonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free almost to the base. Stem fleshy, armed with spines formed -from the persistent leafstalks.—Species 7. South Africa, southern<br /> -Central Africa, and Madagascar. Some species yield an aromatic -resin. (Under <i>Monsonia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcocaulon</b> DC.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_108">FAMILY 108.</a> OXALIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5, -free or united at the base, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10, -rarely 5 of them sterile. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening -inwards. Glands at the base of the stamens present. Ovary superior, -5-celled. Ovules axile. Styles 5, free. Fruit a capsule or a berry. -Seeds with a fleshy albumen and a straight embryo.—Genera 3, species -160. (Under <i>GERANIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 69.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit a berry. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate, sensitive. Flowers in -cymes.—Species 2. Cultivated in the Mascarene Islands. They -yield timber, medicaments, and edible fruits, which are also used for -preparing a scouring water.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Averrhoa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule. All stamens fertile. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_69" style="width: 322px;"> -<a href="images/plt_069.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_069.jpg" width="322" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OXALIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 69.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit. <i>D</i> -Fruit-valve. <i>E</i> Seed. <i>F</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_70" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_070.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_070.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 70.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Hugonia acuminata Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary. <i>D</i> Tendrils.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_291">{291}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -2. Valves of the fruit finally spreading. Leaves pinnate, sensitive.—Species<br /> -15. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Under Oxalis L.) (Plate<br /> -69.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Biophytum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Valves of the fruit persisting around the central column. Leaves usually -digitate.—Species 140. Some are used as salad or fodder or for preparing -chemical drugs and medicaments. (Including <i>Bolboxalis</i> Small).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oxalis</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_109">FAMILY 109.</a> TROPAEOLACEAE</p> - -<p>Twining, succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided, peltate. Flowers -solitary, axillary, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, the hindmost -spurred. Petals 5, yellow or red, imbricate in bud. Stamens 8, free; -anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovule 1 -in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style 1, with 3 stigmas. Fruit -separating in 2-3 nutlets. Seeds without albumen. (Under <i>GERANIACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1 (<i>T. majus</i> L., Indian cress). Naturalized in the Island -of St. Helena. Ornamental plant, also yielding salad, condiments, -and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tropaeolum</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_110">FAMILY 110.</a> LINACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx imbricate in -bud. Petals free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens as -many or twice as many as the petals. Filaments united at the base. Ovary -2-10-celled. Ovules 1-2 in the inner angle of each cell, pendulous, -inverted. Fruit a capsule or a drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen.—Genera -7, species 60. (Plate 70.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, furnished with glands at their -base. Styles or style-branches 2-5. Petals deciduous. Fruit capsular.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs, very rarely shrubs. [Tribe LINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens twice as many as the petals, 10, rarely the same number,<br /> -5, but then without glands at their base and style simple. Shrubs or -trees. [Tribe HUGONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Sepals 3-toothed at the tip. Petals very small, white. Flowers 4-merous.<br /> -Stem repeatedly forked. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. North Africa -and high mountains of Central Africa. “Alseed.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Radiola</b> Gmel.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals entire. Flowers nearly always 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stipules bristle-like. Corolla yellow. Stamens partly (2-4 of them) -with, partly without glands. Styles 3. Stigmas kidney-shaped.<br /> -Shrubs or undershrubs.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene<br /> -Islands. Ornamental plant. (Under <i>Linum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Reinwardtia</b> Dumort.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules gland-like or wanting. Stamens all furnished with glands.—Species<br /> -25. North, East, and South Africa and Madagascar. <i>L. -usitatissimum</i> L. is cultivated for fibre and oil and yields also fodder and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_292">{292}</a></span>medicaments; other species are used as ornamental plants. “Flax.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Linum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Styles 5, free or united at the base. Stamens 10. Petals deciduous.<br /> -Fruit a drupe.—Species 25. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(Plate 70.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hugonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style 1, undivided or 2-3-cleft at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Style shortly 2-cleft. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Stamens<br /> -10. Anthers linear or oblong. Petals elongated, with a glandular pit -at the claw.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nectaropetalum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Style 3-cleft or undivided. Ovary 3-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Style shortly 3-cleft. Ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Stamens<br /> -10. Anthers ovoid or globose. Petals short. Inflorescence racemose, -cone-shaped when young, with roundish vaulted bracts.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepidobotrys</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Style undivided. Stamens usually 5. Corolla persistent. Fruit capsular.<br /> -Inflorescence racemose with small bracts, or paniculate.—Species<br /> -5. Central Africa. (Under <i>Ochthocosmus</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllocosmus</b> Klotzsch<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_111">FAMILY 111.</a> HUMIRIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers in cymes or panicles, -regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, yellow or -greenish, imbricate in bud, deciduous. Stamens 10, at first united -below, with a prolonged connective and 1-celled anther-halves. Ovary -surrounded by a cupular disc, superior, 5-celled. Ovules solitary in -each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a nut or drupe. -Seeds with fleshy albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. West Africa. Yields timber and edible fruits from -which a spirituous drink is prepared. (<i>Aubrya</i> Baill., under <i>Humiria</i><br /> -Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saccoglottis</b> Mart.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_112">FAMILY 112.</a> ERYTHROXYLACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers -solitary or in clusters, regular, hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. -Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, free, with a callosity or an -appendage on the inner face, imbricate or contorted in aestivation. -Stamens 10. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening by two -longitudinal slits. Ovary 3-, rarely 4-celled, usually a single cell -fertile. Ovules 1-2, pendulous, inverted. Styles or style-branches 3, -rarely 4. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen, rarely without -albumen; embryo straight.—Genera 2, species 40. Tropical and South -Africa. (Under <i>LINACEAE</i>.) (Plate 71.)</p> - -<p> -Petals scarcely clawed, provided with a longitudinal callosity. Filaments -united into a ring. Ovary with 3-4 two-ovuled cells. Fruit 3-4-celled.<br /> -Leaves opposite. Stipules 2.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aneulophus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Petals distinctly clawed, with a usually 2-cleft scale. Filaments united -into a cup. Ovary with 1 fertile one-ovuled cell and 2 empty ones.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_71" style="width: 344px;"> -<a href="images/plt_071.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_071.jpg" width="344" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ERYTHROXYLACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 71.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Erythroxylon pictum E. Mey.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Petal from within. -<i>D</i> Stamen from front and back. <i>E</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>F</i> Fruit. -<i>G</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_72" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_072.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_072.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 72.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Balanites aegyptiaca Del.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Branch with flowers and young fruits. <i>B</i> Part of branch with -spines. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Ovary and disc cut lengthwise. -<i>E</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>F</i> Fruit. <i>G</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_293">{293}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Fruit 1-celled. Leaves alternate. Stipule 1.—Species 40. Tropical -and South Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments. (Plate<br /> -71.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythroxylon</b> P. Browne<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_113">FAMILY 113.</a> ZYGOPHYLLACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves stipulate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, rarely -(<i>Neoluederitzia</i>) dioecious. Petals 4-5, free, rarely wanting. Stamens -1-3 times as many as the petals. Filaments usually with an appendage at -the base. Anthers attached by the back. Ovary superior, 3-10-celled, -lobed, angled or winged. Style simple, rarely (<i>Seetzenia</i>) styles -5.—Genera 12, species 90. (Plate 72.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit drupaceous, one-seeded. Seeds without albumen. Ovary 3-5-celled -with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Filaments without an -appendage. Corolla yellowish-green. Leaves alternate, simple and -undivided or of 2 leaflets. Shrubs or trees. [Subfamilies <b>BALANITOIDEAE</b> -and <b>NITRARIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit capsular or separating into several nutlets, several- or many-seeded.<br /> -Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones, more rarely all alternate, but -then dissected or pinnate with many leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit with a very thick endocarp. Ovary 5-celled, surrounded by a -cupular disc; ovules attached at the top of the cells. Style rather -long; stigma 1. Stamens 10. Petals oblong. Sepals hairy. Leaves -with two leaflets. Spiny plants.—Species 3. Central Africa, Sahara,<br /> -Egypt. They yield timber, fish-poison, vegetables, medicaments, oily -seeds, and edible fruits which are also used as a substitute for soap and -for preparing a spirituous drink. “Zachun-oil-tree.” (<i>Agialid</i> Adans.)<br /> -(Plate 72.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Balanites</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a thin endocarp, opening finally by 6 teeth at the top. Ovary<br /> -3-celled; ovules attached near the middle of the cells. Style very -short; stigmas 3, converging. Stamens usually 15. Petals concave, -induplicate-valvate in bud. Sepals fleshy, imbricate in bud. Leaves -simple, undivided, fleshy.—Species 2. North Africa and northern<br /> -Central Africa. They yield soda and edible fruits which are said to be -inebriating. “Nitre bush.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nitraria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Leaves pinnately dissected or irregularly many-cleft, alternate. Filaments -without an appendage. Ovary 3-4-celled with several or many -ovules in each cell. Seeds albuminous. Herbs. [Subfamilies <b>TETRADICLIDOIDEAE</b> -and <b>PEGANOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Leaves undivided, unifoliolate, digitate, or pinnate, usually opposite.<br /> -Ovary 4-10-, usually 5-celled. [Subfamily <b>ZYGOPHYLLOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Leaves pinnately dissected. Flowers small. Calyx 3-4-toothed. Petals<br /> -3-4, obovate. Stamens 3-4. Ovary deeply lobed, the lobes incompletely<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_294">{294}</a></span>3-celled, 6-ovuled.—Species 1. North-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetradiclis</b> Stev.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves irregularly many-cleft. Flowers rather large. Sepals 4-5, -linear. Petals 4-5, oblong. Stamens 8-15. Ovary slightly lobed, -with undivided, many-ovuled cells.—Species 1. North Africa. The -seeds are used medicinally, as a condiment, and for dyeing.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peganum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Leaves unequally pinnate or digitate, rarely unifoliolate; in the latter -case disc indistinct and ovules ascending. Filaments without an -appendage. Ovary 5-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Leaves equally pinnate or undivided, rarely reduced to the stalk. Disc -distinctly developed. Ovules pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Leaves alternate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets. Flowers dioecious. Ovary -surrounded by strap-shaped scales. Spiny shrubs.—Species 1. South-west<br /> -Africa (Namaland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neoluederitzia</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite, with 1 or 3 leaflets. Flowers hermaphrodite. Herbs -or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals none. Disc 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovule 1 -in each ovary-cell, pendulous. Styles 5, with capitate stigmas. Prostrate -undershrubs. Leaflets 3.—Species 2. South and North-east<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seetzenia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals 5, rose, violet or yellowish. Disc obscure.<br /> -Stamens 10. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell, suspended from ascending -funicles. Style 1; stigma simple.—Species 15. North Africa, northern<br /> -Central Africa, and South-west Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fagonia</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -8. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, with 6-8 pairs of leaflets. Flowers -large. Sepals saccate at base. Corolla yellow. Disc lobed, with 5 -glands projecting into the sacks of the sepals. Stamens 10, unappendaged.<br /> -Ovary 5-lobed, with 2 ovules in each cell. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kelleronia</b> Schinz<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary 10-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals -narrow, 3-cleft. Disc cupular, 10-toothed. Stamens 10, with awl-shaped -appendages at the base. Fruit winged. Seeds exalbuminous.<br /> -Erect, succulent herbs. Leaves undivided, club-shaped.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Augea</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-5-celled. Calyx imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Ovary-cells with one ovule in each. Style long; stigma club-shaped. Disc<br /> -5-lobed, with five 3-cleft scales opposite the sepals. Stamens 10, -appendaged. Fruit capsular. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sisyndite</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells with 2 or more ovules in each.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary-cells later on transversely chambered, 3-5-ovuled. Style very short, -with a large stigma. Disc thin, lobed. Fruit separating into nutlets, -bristly or warty, usually with outgrowths. Seeds exalbuminous. Herbs.<br /> -Flowers cymose, 5-merous.—Species 12. Some of them have edible<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_295">{295}</a></span>seeds or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tribulus</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells undivided. Style awl-shaped, with a small stigma. Disc -fleshy. Filaments usually appendaged. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in pairs, whitish or yellowish.—Species<br /> -55. Some of them yield soda, edible seeds, medicaments, or poison.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zygophyllum</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_114">FAMILY 114.</a> CNEORACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, gland-dotted, without -stipules. Flowers in cymes, 3-4-merous, hermaphrodite, with an elongated -receptacle. Petals free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 3-4, alternating with -the petals; filaments without an appendage. Ovary 3-4-lobed, 3-4-celled. -Ovules 2 in each cell, one above the other, pendulous, curved. Style -simple; stigmas 3. Fruit separating in two 2-celled drupes. Seeds with a -curved embryo and fleshy albumen. (Under <i>SIMARUBACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. Canary Islands. Used medicinally. (Under <i>Cneorum</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chamaelea</b> Tourn.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_115">FAMILY 115.</a> RUTACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves gland-dotted, at least at the margin, rarely (<i>Empleuridium</i>) -without dots. Petals free, rarely (<i>Empleurum</i>) wanting. Disc usually -present. Anthers versatile, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal -slits. Embryo rather large, the radicle turned upwards.—Genera 33, -species 320. (Including <i>AURANTIACEAE</i> and <i>XANTHOXYLEAE</i>.) (Plate 73.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit dehiscent and more or less dry. Carpels, at least when ripe, more -or less separate, rarely only one present. [Subfamily <b>RUTOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent and more or less fleshy. Carpels usually united, even -when ripe, rarely only one present. Shrubs or trees. Leaves compound, -but sometimes with a single leaflet.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -2. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Corolla yellow. Stamens 8-10. Ovules 2, or more frequently more than<br /> -2 in each carpel. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved. [Tribe RUTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Corolla green, white, red, or violet, rarely (Empleurum) -wanting. Fertile stamens 3-5, rarely (<i>Pelea</i>) 8-10. Ovules 2 in each -carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Carpels 2, with 5-6 ovules in each. Flowers 4-merous. Petals entire.<br /> -Seeds spiny. Undershrubs. Leaves undivided or 3-parted.—Species<br /> -2. German South-west Africa (Hereroland) and Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thamnosma</b> Torr.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 4-5. Seeds tubercled.—Species 8. North Africa and northern<br /> -Central Africa. Some species yield condiments and medicaments.<br /> -“Rue.” (Including <i>Desmophyllum</i> Webb and <i>Haplophyllum</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Seeds albuminous. Corolla greenish or whitish. Leaves usually compound.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_296">{296}</a></span>[Tribe XANTHOXYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Corolla white, red, violet, or wanting. Leaves -simple, undivided. [Tribe DIOSMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens 8-10. Carpels 4-5. Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided.<br /> -Flowers polygamous.—Species 1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Melicope</i><br /> -Forst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pelea</b> A. Gray<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Leaves opposite. Flowers unisexual. Carpels 4-5. Styles united.<br /> -Seeds oblong. Unarmed plants.—Species 15. Madagascar and -neighbouring islands. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Evodia</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Carpels 1-5. Styles free or united above.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, vegetables, -condiments, and medicaments. (Including <i>Pterota</i> P. Br., under<br /> -<i>Zanthoxylum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fagara</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. Carpels 1-2. Fertile stamens 4. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.<br /> -Shrubs. [Subtribe <small>EMPLEURINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 4-5. Fertile stamens 5. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers dioecious. Sepals united at the base. Petals 4. Disc 4-lobed.<br /> -Anthers roundish, without terminal glands. Leaves needle-like, three-edged, -without glandular dots.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Empleuridium</b> Sond.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers polygamous-monoecious. Sepals united beyond the middle.<br /> -Petals wanting. Disc none. Anthers oblong, with a gland at the top.<br /> -Ovary beaked. Stigma entire. Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, glandular-serrate.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Empleurum</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -9. Endocarp cartilaginous, adnate at the back and separating from the -tubercled exocarp at the margins only. Seeds with thick cotyledons.<br /> -Ovules one above the other. Ovary with a long and thin stalk. Staminodes -linear, glandulose. Trees.—Species 2. East and South Africa.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>CALODENDRINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calodendron</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Endocarp separating from the exocarp. Seeds with flat cotyledons.<br /> -Ovules usually side by side. Shrubs. [Subtribe <small>DIOSMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Staminodes 5.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes none.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -11. Style long. Stigma small.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Style short or rather short. Stigma capitate or discoid. Inflorescences -terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Petals clawed. Stamens with glabrous filaments and gland-tipped anthers.<br /> -Staminodes petaloid, with hairy claws. Disc crenate or lobed. Carpels<br /> -2-4. Flowers in terminal umbels or heads, rarely solitary and axillary.—Species<br /> -100. South Africa (Cape Colony). Some are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants. (Plate 73.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agathosma</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Petals subsessile, glabrous. Carpels 5. Flowers solitary or in cymes in -the axils of the leaves.—Species 20. South Africa (Cape Colony).<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_297">{297}</a></span>Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barosma</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -13. Petals with a very short, glabrous claw. Anthers ending in a stalked -gland. Staminodes exceeding the fertile stamens. Disc lobed. Ovary -covered with stalked glands. Flowers rather large.—Species 25.<br /> -South Africa (Cape Colony). Several species are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants, or as a substitute for tea.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenandra</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a long or rather long, usually channelled or bearded claw.<br /> -Anthers with a sessile gland or without a gland.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Petals channelled inside, glabrous. Anthers bearing a sessile gland.<br /> -Staminodes adnate below to the petals or enclosed by their channelled -claw. Ovary glabrous. Leaves alternate.—Species 6. South Africa<br /> -(Cape Colony). Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coleonema</b> Bartl. & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals not channelled, usually with a hairy claw. Stamens short. Staminodes -very small.—Species 15. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acmadenia</b> Bartl. & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -15. Style long. Stigma small. Petals with a hairy claw.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Style short or rather short. Stigma capitate. Filaments glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -16. Disc 5-parted. Filaments and style hairy. Carpels 5. Flowers solitary -or in clusters, white.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllosma</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Disc entire, urn-shaped. Filaments glabrous. Carpels 3-5.—Species<br /> -10. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrostylis</b> Bartl. & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -17. Petals sessile, obovate, glabrous.—Species 15. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony). Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diosma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals clawed, hairy within.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Petals oblong or lanceolate, slightly exceeding the calyx. Anthers with a -terminal gland. Flowers very small.—Species 6. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euchaetis</b> Bartl. & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals obovate. (See 14.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acmadenia</b> Bartl. & Wendl.<br /> -<br /> -19. (1.) Fruit a drupe. Flowers usually unisexual. Stigma sessile or nearly -so. [Subfamily <b>TODDALIOIDEAE</b>, tribe TODDALIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. [Subfamily <b>AURANTIOIDEAE</b>, -tribe AURANTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -20. Fruit 1-celled. Seed 1, exalbuminous. Ovary 1-celled. Petals imbricate -in bud. Leaflets 1-3. [Subtribe <small>AMYRIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2-7-celled or consisting of 2-4 carpels cohering at the base only,<br /> -1-3 of them sometimes abortive. Ovary 2-7-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fertile stamens 10. Disc cup-shaped. Style -long, with a minute stigma. Ovule 1.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriander</b> H. Winkl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Fertile stamens 4-5. Disc ring-shaped. Style -short, with a broad stigma. Ovules 2.—Species 18. Tropical and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_298">{298}</a></span>South Africa. (Under <i>Toddalia</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Teclea</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -22. Carpels almost free when ripe, some of them rudimentary. Seeds exalbuminous.<br /> -Ovary distinctly 2-4-lobed. Stamens 4. Petals valvate -in bud. Leaves digitate. [Subtribe <small>ORICIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Carpels united up to maturity, forming a 2-7-celled fruit. Ovary not -or obscurely lobed. Petals imbricate in bud. [Subtribe <small>TODDALIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -23. Carpels 2, one of them rudimentary at maturity. Seeds with equal cotyledons.<br /> -Ovary almost glabrous. Petals oblong. Flowers in racemes.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diphasia</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 4, of which 1-3 are rudimentary at maturity. Seeds with unequal -cotyledons. Ovary very hairy. Petals oval. Flowers in panicles, unisexual.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oricia</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -24. Fruit with 2-seeded cells. Seeds albuminous. Flowers 4-merous. Trees.<br /> -Leaves digitate, with 5 leaflets.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa<br /> -(Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Araliopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 1-seeded cells. Flowers unisexual. Leaves digitate with<br /> -3 leaflets, rarely pinnate with 7-9 leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Fertile stamens as many as the petals. Flowers 5-merous. Seeds albuminous; -embryo curved. Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate.—Species 1.<br /> -Tropics. Yields condiments and is used in medicine. (<i>Cranzia</i> Schreb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Toddalia</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens twice as many as the petals. Flowers 2-4-merous.<br /> -Embryo straight or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Filaments awl-shaped. Flowers 4-merous. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves digitate.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Toddaliopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments flattened. Seeds albuminous.—Species 30. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some species yield timber and medicaments. (Under<br /> -<i>Toddalia</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vepris</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -27. (19.) Ovary 2-5-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each cell. Stamens twice -as many as the petals. [Subtribe <small>LIMONIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 5- or more-celled, with 4 or more ovules in each cell. Leaves with<br /> -1-3 leaflets. [Subtribe <small>CITRINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -28. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Ovules two or more in each ovary-cell. Unarmed plants.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -29. Flowers solitary or in groups of three in the axils of the leaves, 3-, rarely<br /> -4-merous. Calyx toothed. Seeds usually with unequal and lobed -cotyledons. Spiny shrubs. Leaflets 3, unequal.—Species 1. Cultivated -in the tropics. Yields timber, fragrant flowers, and edible -fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triphasia</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes or panicles, 4-5-merous. Calyx lobed or more deeply -divided. Leafstalk winged.—Species 10. Tropics. They yield -timber, edible fruits, oily seeds, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -30. Style very short, not jointed with the ovary. Leaves unifoliolate.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycosmis</b> Correa<br /> -<br /> -Style long or rather short, jointed with the ovary. Leaves unequally -pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_73" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_073.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_073.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RUTACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 73.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Agathosma ciliata Link</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Petal. <i>D</i> Stamen. <i>E</i> Staminode. -<i>F</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>G</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>H</i> Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_74" style="width: 323px;"> -<a href="images/plt_074.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_074.jpg" width="323" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SIMARUBACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 74.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Irvingia Barteri Hook. fil.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_299">{299}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -31. Filaments awl-shaped. Petals 5, linear lanceolate or oblong. Flowers -rather large.—Species 1. Cultivated and naturalized in the tropics.<br /> -Yields timber, fragrant flowers, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Murraya</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments broadened below. Petals 4-5, elliptical or roundish. Flowers -rather small.—Species 6. Central and South Africa. Some are used -medicinally. (Including <i>Myaris</i> Presl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clausena</b> Burm.<br /> -<br /> -32. Ovary with 4-8 ovules in each cell. Anthers oblong. Pericarp leathery.<br /> -Seed-coat white, leathery. Leaves leathery.—Species 4. Cultivated; -also naturalized in the tropics. They serve as ornamental plants and -afford wood, fragrant flowers, and edible fruits (especially oranges and -citrons) from which drinks, medicaments, and perfumes are prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Citrus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with numerous ovules in each cell. Anthers linear. Pericarp -hard. Leaves with 3 leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Stamens 10. Seed-coat smooth. Leaves leathery.—Species 1. Region -of the great lakes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Balsamocitrus</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Seed-coat woolly and sticky. Leaves herbaceous.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. Yields timber and is used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aegle</b> Correa<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_116">FAMILY 116.</a> SIMARUBACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple or pinnate, not gland-dotted. Flowers in -spikes racemes or panicles, regular. Sepals 2-5. Petals 3-9, free. Disc -usually present. Anthers versatile, opening inwards by longitudinal -slits. Carpels free or united and then forming a several-celled ovary. -Ovules 1-2, pendulous or laterally attached. Seeds with a very thin -albumen or without albumen.—Genera 16, species 40. Tropical and South -Africa. (Under <i>RUTACEAE</i>.) (Plate 74.)</p> - -<p> -1. Carpels 5, free, 2-ovuled. Disc indistinct. Stamens 5-10, without an -appendage. Corolla yellow. Fruit drupe-like. Embryo curved, with<br /> -a large radicle. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Tropics.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>SURIANOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Suriana</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels united at least by the base or the apex of the style, 1-ovuled.<br /> -Disc distinctly developed. Embryo with a very short radicle. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>SIMARUBOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Filaments with a scale-like appendage at the base. [Tribe SIMARUBEAE.] 3<br /> -Filaments without a scale at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens 6-14, twice as many as the petals. Anthers oblong or oval.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 15-18, thrice as many as the petals or more. Anthers linear.<br /> -Ovaries 5. Style 1. Corolla red. Trees. Leaves pinnate. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>MANNIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovaries and style-tips united. Fruit a drupe with 4-5 stones. Embryo -curved. Shrubs. Leaves compound.—Species 2. Central Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_300">{300}</a></span>[Subtribe <small>HARRISONIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harrisonia</b> (R.Br.) Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries free. Styles united. Fruit consisting of 1-5 nuts or drupes.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>SIMARUBINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Leaves undivided. Flowers in umbels. Calyx 3-5-lobed, imbricate in -bud. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments with a minute -scale at the base. Style long; stigma small, entire. Fruits woody.<br /> -Trees.—Species 2. Madagascar. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Samadera</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate. Flowers in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation.<br /> -Filaments with a short scale. Style long; stigma slightly 5-lobed.<br /> -Leaflets lanceolate, acuminate.—Species 1. West Africa. Yields -arrow-poison and is used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Quassia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 2-4-lobed or -cleft. Petals with imbricate aestivation. Filaments -with a long scale. Style short. Flowers in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Calyx 4-, rarely 5-lobed. Petals 4, rarely 5. Fruits woody. Leaflets -oblong or obovate.—Species 3. Equatorial regions. The seeds -yield a fat. (Under <i>Quassia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Odyendea</b> (Pierre) Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx at first closed, later on unequally 2-4-cleft. Petals 5, rarely 6-9.<br /> -Stigma 5-parted. Fruits drupe-like.—Species 4. Central Africa.<br /> -They yield timber, oily seeds, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hannoa</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -8. Calyx shortly lobed. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Ovaries -united below. Leaflets with a spoon-shaped appendage at the tip.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pierreodendron</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply divided. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovaries free.<br /> -Leaflets with an awl-shaped appendage at the tip.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mannia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -9. (2.) Stamens 4-6. Carpels free, either as to the ovaries or as to the -styles. Flowers usually polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-10. Fruit drupe-like. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -10. Sepals 3. Petals 3. Stamens 6. Carpels 2, united at the base. Stigma -subsessile, discoid. Fruit 2-celled, winged. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles. [Tribe SOULAMEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Soulamea</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels 4. Stigma small. Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovaries and styles free or united at the base only. Petals short. Fruit -consisting of 4 drupes. Rusty-hairy plants.—Species 5. Central<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally. [Tribe PICRASMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brucea</b> J. S. Muell.<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries united; styles free. Petals long. Fruit separating into 4 leathery -mericarps suspended from a central column.—Species 5. Central<br /> -Africa. [Tribe KIRKIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kirkia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -12. Carpels free for the greater part. Leaves pinnate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -Poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Perriera</b> Courchet<br /> -<br /> -Carpels wholly united. Leaves undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Stigma 2-parted. Ovary 2-celled. Disc ring-shaped, lobed. Anthers -oblong. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the axils of the leaves.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_301">{301}</a></span>1. South Africa. (Under <i>Nectaropetalum</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peglera</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Stigma entire. Disc cushion-shaped. Anthers ovate. Flowers in panicles.<br /> -[Tribe IRVINGIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Ovary 4-5-celled. Fruit broader than long, angled, 4-5-celled, with<br /> -a thin fleshy layer.—Species 3. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Klainedoxa</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Fruit oblong, 1-2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Fruit much compressed, broadly winged all round, 2-celled, 2-seeded, -with a thin fleshy layer.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Irvingia</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desbordesia</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Fruit slightly compressed, not winged, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with a thick -fleshy layer.—Species 5. Central Africa. They yield timber, edible -fruits, and oily seeds (dika). (Including <i>Irvingella</i> van Tiegh.) (Plate<br /> -74.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Irvingia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_117">FAMILY 117.</a> BURSERACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees, rarely shrubs. Bark resinous. Leaves usually pinnate. Flowers -panicled, regular, mostly polygamous. Perianth consisting of a calyx and -a corolla of 3-5 free petals. Stamens twice as many as the petals, -inserted on the margin or the outside of the disc, rarely within. -Anthers versatile, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary -2-5-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous or attached laterally. -Style simple or wanting; stigma lobed. Fruit drupe-like, but sometimes -dehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo with a superior radicle and -usually folded or twisted cotyledons.—Genera 7, species 160. Tropical -and South Africa. (Under <i>TEREBINTHACEAE</i>). (Plate 75.)</p> - -<p> -1. Receptacle concave; tube-, cup-, or urn-shaped; sepals, petals, and stamens -inserted at its upper rim. Sepals 4 and petals 4, valvate in bud. Ovary<br /> -2-3-celled. Fruit drupaceous, but dehiscent, with a 2-3-celled -stone; one cell only fertile.—Species 110. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Several species yield timber and odorous resins (especially myrrh) -which are used for preparing varnish, incense, and medicines. Some are -also used as hedge plants. (<i>Balsamea</i> Gled., <i>Balsamodendron</i> Kunth. -including <i>Hemprichia</i> Ehrenb. and <i>Hitzeria</i> Klotzsch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Commiphora</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle flat or convex, usually bearing a free disc, outside of which -the sepals and petals are inserted. Leaves pinnate. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers 3-merous. Petals valvate in bud. Fruit with a 2-3-celled -stone, indehiscent, sometimes only one cell fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-5-merous. Fruit with 2-5 stones.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Fruit depressed, obliquely hemispherical, broader than long, with a lateral -style and 1-2 fertile cells; endocarp thin, mesocarp rather thick.<br /> -Embryo with a short radicle and thick, pinnately divided cotyledons.<br /> -Stamens inserted outside the thick disc. Ovary 3-celled; one cell<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_302">{302}</a></span>sterile.—Species 6. Equatorial West Africa. They yield timber, -edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under <i>Pachylobus</i> Don or <i>Santiria</i><br /> -Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Santiriopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit oblong, ovate, or subglobose.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit with 2 cells, one of which is sterile, and with a terminal style or -style-scar; endocarp thin crusty, mesocarp thick fleshy. Embryo with<br /> -a long radicle and thick, much divided cotyledons. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Sepals united at the base.—Species 13. West Africa. They yield -timber, resin, and edible oily fruits (safu). (Under <i>Canarium</i> L.)<br /> -(Plate 75.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachylobus</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 3 cells, two of them sometimes sterile; endocarp usually thick, -woody or bony; mesocarp usually thin. Embryo with a short radicle -and slightly divided cotyledons. Ovary 3-celled. Sepals united high -up.—Species 13. Tropics. Some species yield timber, resin (elemi) -used in medicine and manufacture, and edible oily fruits and seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Canarium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Disc situated outside the stamens. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary<br /> -5-celled. Fruit top-shaped, with 5 stones, dehiscent.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber and an aromatic resin.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aucoumea</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Disc situated inside the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals 4-5, valvate in bud. Ovary 4-5-celled. Fruit globular or ovoid.<br /> -Species 4. Madagascar and Mascarenes. They yield timber and -resin. (<i>Marignia</i> Comm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Protium</b> Burm.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit with 2-3 stones, -dehiscent. Flowers hermaphrodite.—Species 15. Central Africa.<br /> -The resin of several species (frankincense) is used as an incense and in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boswellia</b> Roxb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_118">FAMILY 118.</a> MELIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves without stipules, usually pinnate. Flowers -regular, mostly panicled. Petals 3-6, usually free. Stamens as many or -more frequently twice as many as the petals. Filaments usually united. -Anthers 2-celled, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. -Ovary superior, usually 2-or more-celled. Ovules inverted. Style simple -or wanting; stigma entire or lobed.—Genera 23, species 150. (Including -<i>AITONIEAE</i>, <i>CEDRELEAE</i>, and <i>PTAEROXYLEAE</i>.) (Plate 76.)</p> - -<p> -1. Filaments free. Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell. Seeds winged. Leaves -pinnate. [Subfamily <b>CEDRELOIDEAE</b>]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Filaments more or less united into a tube.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary and fruit 2-celled. Petals 4. Stamens 4.—Species 2. South and<br /> -East Africa. They yield timber (sneezewood).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ptaeroxylon</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 5-celled.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cedrelopsis</b> Baill.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_75" style="width: 347px;"> -<a href="images/plt_075.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_075.jpg" width="347" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BURSERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 75.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Pachylobus edulis G. Don</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamen. <i>D</i> -Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Staminode. <i>F</i> Cross-section of -ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_76" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_076.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_076.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MELIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 76.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Trichilia retusa Oliv.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Anther.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_303">{303}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -3. Seeds winged. Ovules 4 or more, rarely 2 in each ovary-cell. Stamens<br /> -8-10. [Subfamily <b>SWIETENIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Seeds not winged. Ovules 1-2, rarely 3-8 in each ovary-cell or on -each placenta. [Subfamily <b>MELIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma small. Disc -wanting. Anthers 10, seated between the teeth of the staminal tube.<br /> -Leaves whorled, undivided. Flowers in panicles.—Species 2. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pynaertia</b> De Wild.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell. Leaves pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell. Disc shortly stalk-shaped. Staminal tube -campanulate, the mouth crenate and with short teeth bearing the -anthers. Petals imbricate in bud.—Species 7. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lovoa</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 6 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovules 6 in each ovary-cell. Ovary sessile. Disc none. Staminal tube -entire at the mouth, or with short teeth bearing the anthers. Petals -with imbricate aestivation. Flowers 5-merous.—Species 2. Southern<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wulfhorstia</b> C. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 12 or more in each ovary-cell. Petals with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Disc shortly stalk-shaped, connected with the staminal tube by longitudinal -ridges. Seeds winged below. Leaflets entire.—Species 15. Central<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, gum, and a dye-stuff. (Including <i>Leioptyx</i><br /> -Pierre, under <i>Swietenia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Entandophragma</b> C. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Disc cup- or cushion-shaped, not connected with the staminal tube by -longitudinal ridges.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Disc cup-shaped. Fruit oblong. Seeds about 5 in each cell of the fruit, -winged below.—Species 1. Central Africa. Yields timber and -gum. (Under <i>Cedrela</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudocedrela</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Disc cushion-shaped. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit globose. Seeds numerous -in each cell, winged all round.—Species 7. Tropics. They yield -timber (African mahogany), tanning bark, gum, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Khaya</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -9. (3.) Ovules more than 2 in each ovary-cell. Ovary 4-5-celled. Anthers<br /> -8-10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal tube. Seeds large, -pyramidal; seed-coat woody or corky.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell or on each placenta. Seeds small or medium-sized; -testa crustaceous, leathery, parchment-like, or membranous.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers 4-merous. Staminal tube with 2-toothed lobes. Seed-coat -corky or spongy. Radicle of the embryo lateral. Leaves pinnate, -with 1-3 pairs of leaflets, or simple. Panicles rather small, lax, few-flowered.—Species<br /> -3. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning bark, -and oily seeds. (Under <i>Carapa</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylocarpus</b> Koen.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Staminal tube with entire lobes. Ovules 6-8 to<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_304">{304}</a></span>each ovary-cell. Seed-coat woody. Radicle superior. Leaves pinnate, -with many pairs of leaflets. Panicles very large, many-flowered.—Species<br /> -4. Tropics. They yield timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. <span class="smcap">Carapa</span> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary 2-3-celled, rarely 1-celled with 2-3 placentas. Stamens 6-12.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-20-celled, rarely later on 1-celled with 4-5 placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -12. Anthers inserted below the mouth of the staminal tube, entirely or almost -included. Disc stalk-like or wanting. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaflets<br /> -6-25.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Anthers inserted at the upper edge of the staminal tube, or at the top of -its lobes, or in the notches between them.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -13. Leaflets serrate. Flowers 5-merous. Anthers inserted at the base of the -lobes of the staminal tube. Disc none. Ovary septate. Stigma<br /> -2-3-parted. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe. Radicle of the embryo exserted.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa. Yields timber, oily seeds, and -medicaments. (Under <i>Melia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Azadirachta</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets entire. Stigma discoid. Fruit a 2- or more-seeded capsule -or berry. Radicle included.—Species 7. West Africa. Yield timber.<br /> -(Including <i>Bingeria</i> A. Chev. and <i>Heckeldora</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guarea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. Filaments united at the base only, 2-toothed at the top; anthers inserted -between the teeth. Petals 5, valvate in bud. Fruit a berry or drupe.<br /> -Seeds albuminous. Leaves 3-foliolate.—Species 2. Madagascar and<br /> -Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cipadessa</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united high up, rarely (<i>Trichilia</i>) at the base only, but then -fruit a capsule and seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Ovary 1-celled, adnate to the staminal tube. Stigma sessile. Anthers -inserted at the rim of the almost entire staminal tube. Disc stalk-like.<br /> -Flowers 4-merous. Leaflets usually 5.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symphytosiphon</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers solitary, axillary, rarely in spikes. Anthers 10, inserted at the -tips of the teeth of the staminal tube. Disc ring-shaped. Style long.<br /> -Fruit capsular, subglobose. Seeds with 3 narrow wings and with -fleshy albumen. Small shrubs. Leaves with a narrowly winged -stalk and 3 woolly leaflets.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<br /> -Used medicinally. (<i>Nelanaregam</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Naregamia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles, rarely in racemes. Leaves with 5 or more leaflets, -rarely with 3, but then seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Leaflets 5-7, toothed, clothed with stellate hairs; leafstalk winged.<br /> -Anthers 10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal tube, which are -divided in filiform segments. Disc ring-shaped. Style short.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons). The bark is eaten and used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterorhachis</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets entire, very rarely toothed, but then anthers 8, inserted at the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_305">{305}</a></span>entire mouth of the staminal tube. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seed-coat crustaceous. Staminal tube entire or -shortly toothed.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some -of them yield timber, tanners’ bark, and medicaments. (Including<br /> -<i>Charia</i> C. DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ekebergia</b> Sparm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule with a leathery rind. Seed-coat thin-leathery. Staminal -tube usually more or less deeply divided.—Species 35. Tropical -and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, dyes, oily seeds, and -medicaments. (Plate 76.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichilia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -19. (11.) Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers solitary or in cymes or racemes.<br /> -Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate. Flowers in panicles, racemes, or cymes. Stamens -united high up.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -20. Stamens united at the base only, 8. Disc cup-shaped. Stigma small.<br /> -Flowers solitary.—Species 1. South Africa. (<i>Aitonia</i> Thunb.,<br /> -<i>Carruthia</i> O. Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nymania</b> Lindb.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens united high up, 8-10. Disc ring-shaped or absent. Stigma -usually thick.—Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some are -used medicinally. (Including <i>Calodryum</i> Desv., <i>Grevellina</i> Baill., -and <i>Quivisia</i> Comm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tourraea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -21. Leaves twice pinnate, with usually serrate leaflets. Anthers 10-12, -inserted between the teeth of the staminal tube. Fruit a drupe. Seeds -with scanty albumen.—Species 4, two natives of Central Africa, the -others (especially <i>M. Azederach</i> L., beadtree or Persian lilac) cultivated -as ornamental plants and sometimes naturalized. They yield timber, -gum, oil, and medicaments, and are also used for the preparation of -liquors. The fruits are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves once pinnate, with entire leaflets. Seeds exalbuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Leaves equally pinnate. Anthers 5 or 8.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Leaves unequally pinnate. Anthers 8 or 10.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -23. Leaflets 2-6. Flowers 4-merous. Petals with contorted aestivation.<br /> -Anthers 8, inserted below the notches between the lobes of the staminal -tube. (See 10.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylocarpus</b> Koen.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 10-16. Flowers 5-merous. Petals with valvate aestivation.<br /> -Anthers 5, inserted at the rim of the nearly entire staminal tube.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Quivisianthe</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -24. Anthers inserted at the upper margin of the staminal tube or at the top -of its teeth. Disc ring- or cup-shaped. Style short, with a lobed -stigma. Leaflets opposite. (See 18.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ekebergia</b> Sparm.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers inserted below the mouth of the staminal tube, included. Leaflets -usually alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Petals united high up and adnate to the staminal tube, valvate in bud.<br /> -Ovary at first 4-5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, later 1-celled.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_306">{306}</a></span>4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Turraeanthus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Petals free, or united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -26. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. (See 13.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guarea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. (See 10.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carapa</b> Aubl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MALPIGHIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_119">FAMILY 119.</a> MALPIGHIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or undershrubs, with branched hairs, usually climbing. Leaves -undivided, usually stipulate. Flowers in racemose inflorescences, -bracteolate. Sepals 3-5, free or united at the base, mostly furnished -with glands on the outside. Petals 5, free, imbricate in bud, usually -clawed and toothed. Stamens usually 10, hypogynous. Filaments free or -united at the base. Anthers opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. -Ovary 2-3-celled, with 1 pendulous and inverted ovule in each cell. -Styles 1-3. Fruit usually separating into 3 mericarps. Seeds -exalbuminous.—Genera 16, species 80. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate -77.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruiting receptacle flat. Mericarps not winged. Calyx without glands.<br /> -Petals clawed, almost entire. Stamens 10. Leaves stipulate. Flowers -in terminal racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting receptacle pyramidal. Mericarps winged.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit covered with short hairs, dehiscent. Petals equal. Anthers glabrous.<br /> -Ovary covered with short hairs. Styles free, long and thin, with small -stigmas. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. Madagascar. [Tribe GALPHIMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galphimia</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit covered with long, soft, hairy, spine-shaped processes. Petals -unequal. Anthers hairy. Ovary clothed with long hairs. Styles -converging, rather short and thick, with oval reflexed stigmas. Leaves -alternate or subopposite.—Species 1. Madagascar. [Tribe TRICOMARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echinopteris</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -3. Mericarps with a large dorsal wing, without a lateral wing. Petals more -or less distinctly clawed. [Tribe BANISTERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Mericarps with a large, sometimes divided, lateral wing and a small dorsal -wing, or without a dorsal wing. Stamens 10. [Tribe HIRAEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -4. Style 1. Ovary 3-celled, 3-lobed. Stamens 5, two only fertile. Sepals -with two large glands each. Flowers solitary, terminal. Leaves -mucronate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cottsia</b> Dubard & Dop<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-3. Stamens 10-15.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Styles 2, long. Ovary with 2 perfect and 1 rudimentary cell. Stamens<br /> -10. Petals with a long claw. Leaves usually alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Styles 3. Ovary with 3 perfect cells. Corolla regular. Leaves usually -opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Corolla distinctly irregular. Mericarps with an almost semi-circular, -cockscomb-shaped, palmately nerved dorsal wing. Bracteoles awl-shaped.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhinopteryx</b> Nied.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_77" style="width: 335px;"> -<a href="images/plt_077.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_077.jpg" width="335" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MALPIGHIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 77.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Acridocarpus macrocalyx Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Part of branch with fruits. <i>B</i> Leaf. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Mericarp. <i>E</i> Mericarp cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_78" style="width: 338px;"> -<a href="images/plt_078.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_078.jpg" width="338" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>POLYGALACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 78.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Branch with flower-buds. <i>B</i> Flower (from which one of the lateral -sepals has been removed). <i>C</i> Flower without the perianth, cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Group of fruits. <i>E</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_307">{307}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Corolla regular. Mericarps with a more or less parallel-nerved dorsal -wing.—Species 20. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species -are used as ornamental plants or in medicine. (Plate 77.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acridocarpus</b> Guill. & Perr.<br /> -<br /> -7. Styles very long, divaricate; stigmas small, capitate. Stamens 10.<br /> -Petals with a very short claw. Sepals with very scantily developed -glands.—Species 4. Central and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphedamnocarpus</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Styles short or rather short, erect or slightly divergent; stigmas obliquely -truncate, hooked, or broadened.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Stigmas broadened, semi-orbicular. Ovary with 3 tufts of hairs. Stamens<br /> -11-15. Petals with a very short claw. Sepals without glands.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tricomariopsis</b> Dubard & Dop<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas not broadened. Stamens 10.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Styles hooked at the apex, bearing the stigma at the bent. Petals with a -distinct claw. Sepals with glands.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteropteris</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Styles not hooked above, bearing the stigma at the obliquely truncate tip.<br /> -Petals with a very short claw. Sepals without glands.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. (Under <i>Sphedamnocarpus</i> Planch.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Banisterioides</b> Dubard & Dop<br /> -<br /> -10. (3.) Styles shorter than the ovary. Stigma terminal. Petals with a -short claw. Calyx without glands. Mericarps with an undivided side-wing.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Styles longer than the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary 2-celled. Petals slightly toothed. Leaves alternate.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diaspis</b> Nied.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Mericarps with an air-cavity extending all round. Leaves -usually opposite and crowded upon dwarf-shoots.—Species 4. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caucanthus</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -12. Petals sessile, entire. Calyx without glands. Styles 3, very long, with the -stigma on the inside of the thickened apex. Mericarps with an undivided -side-wing.—Species 1. West Africa to the upper Nile.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flabellaria</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Petals clawed.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Petals with a very short claw, entire. Calyx without glands. Styles 3, -rather short, with a 2-lobed stigma. Flowers polygamous-dioecious, -in umbels. Mericarps with a 3-parted side-wing.—Species 5. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microsteira</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a long or rather long claw. Style long. Flowers usually -hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Stigma at the inside of the thickened style-apex. Styles 3, all perfectly -developed. Calyx without glands. Petals more or less toothed or -fringed. Mericarps with a shield-shaped, usually notched side-wing.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_308">{308}</a></span>25. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triaspis</b> Burch.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma small, at the slightly or not thickened style-apex. Usually a -single style perfectly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Flowers distinctly irregular. Calyx with a large gland. Petals fringed.<br /> -Mericarps with a 3-parted side-wing.—Species 2, one a native of West<br /> -Africa, the other one naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental -plants. (<i>Gaertnera</i> Roxb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hiptage</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers more or less regular. Calyx with several small glands or without -glands. Petals entire. Mericarp with a stellate, many-parted side-wing.—Species<br /> -17. Madagascar, East and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tristellateia</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER POLYGALINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_120">FAMILY 120.</a> POLYGALACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves simple, entire. Inflorescence racemose, bracteolate. Flowers -irregular. Sepals 5, the two inner usually petal-like. Petals 3-5, more -or less adnate to the staminal tube, the lowest more or less concave and -boat-shaped. Stamens 5-8. Filaments more or less united. Anthers -attached by the base, at length one-celled, opening towards the apex. -Ovary superior, 1-3-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. -Style simple or 2-cleft, usually curved and flattened.—Genera 6, -species 240. (Plate 78.)</p> - -<p> -1. Petals 5, all well-developed, unappendaged. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Petals 3, 4, or 5, two of which are rudimentary. Stamens 6-8. Ovary<br /> -1-2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals unequal, clawed, the lowest boat-shaped. Stigma capitate. Fruit<br /> -a drupe. Seeds ellipsoid.—Species 3. West Africa. They yield -timber, edible fruits, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carpolobia</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Petals subequal, sessile, the lowest not boat-shaped. Stigma punctiform.<br /> -Fruit a nut. Seeds globose.—Species 4. West Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Carpolobia</i> Don)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atroxima</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary 1-celled; a second rudimentary cell sometimes present. Stigma -entire or lobed. Sepals unequal. Concave petal with an appendage.<br /> -Stamens 8. Fruit a winged nut. Seeds without an aril, exalbuminous.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.—Species 3. Central and South Africa. They yield -bast-fibres, soap-bark, oily seeds, and medicinal drugs; the roots are -said to be poisonous. (<i>Lophostylis</i> Hochst.) (Plate 78.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Securidaca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule or a drupe.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Sepals subequal. Concave petal with an appendage. Stamens 7, rarely<br /> -8. Style almost straight. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with an aril, albuminous.—Species<br /> -60. South Africa to Nyasaland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Muraltia</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals unequal, the two inner usually wing-like.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous. Style almost straight. Stamens 7, -rarely 8. Filaments united quite or nearly to the top. Concave<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_79" style="width: 321px;"> -<a href="images/plt_079.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_079.jpg" width="321" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>DICHAPETALACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 79.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dichapetalum leucosepalum Ruhl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_80" style="width: 336px;"> -<a href="images/plt_080.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_080.jpg" width="336" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>EUPHORBIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 80.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Phyllanthus floribundus Müll. Arg.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower. <i>C</i> Stamens and disc. <i>D</i> Fruit. -<i>E</i> Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>F</i> Cross section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_309">{309}</a></span></p> - -<p> -petal with an appendage. Shrubs.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony). The fruits are edible. (<i>Mundtia</i> Kunth).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mundia</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Stamens 8, rarely 6 or 7.—Species 170. Some of -them yield fibres or fat from the seeds, others serve as ornamental or -medicinal plants. “Milkwort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polygala</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER DICHAPETALINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_121">FAMILY 121.</a> DICHAPETALACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate. Inflorescence -cymose. Sepals 4-5, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-5, usually 2-cleft. Disc -present, but sometimes reduced to separate glands. Stamens 5, sometimes -only 2-3 fertile. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary 2-3-celled, usually -superior. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted; raphe ventral. -Style 2-3-cleft or undivided with 2-3 stigmas. Fruit a nut or drupe. -Seeds 1-2, exalbuminous.—Genera 2, species 75. Tropical and South -Africa. (<i>CHAILLETIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 79.)</p> - -<p> -Petals unequal, united below into a long tube, 2-cleft, imbricate in bud.<br /> -Sepals united below, unequal. Fertile stamens 2-3. Disc semi-annular.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tapura</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals equal, free or united at the base, rarely higher. Fertile stamens<br /> -5.—Species 75. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous.<br /> -(<i>Chailletia</i> DC.) (Plate 79.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichapetalum</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER TRICOCCAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_122">FAMILY 122.</a> EUPHORBIACEAE</p> - -<p>Flowers unisexual. Stamens hypogynous, rarely (<i>Bridelia</i>) perigynous. -Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior or naked, usually 3-celled. Ovules -solitary in each cell, or 2 side by side, pendulous, inverted; raphe -ventral; micropyle usually covered by an outgrowth of the placenta. -Fruit generally separating into 3 dehiscing mericarps. Seeds usually -albuminous; embryo axile, radicle superior.—Genera 122, species 1200. -(Including <i>DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE</i>.) (Plate 80.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily <b>CROTONOIDEAE</b>.].<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Juice not milky. [Subfamily <b>PHYLLANTHOIDEAE</b>.].<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -2. Inflorescence consisting of partial inflorescences having the appearance -of a single flower and containing one female flower and several or many -male ones surrounded by a lobed involucre with glandular appendages.<br /> -Petals none. Stamen 1. Ovary 3-4-celled. Juice milky. [Tribe<br /> -EUPHORBIEAE.].<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence not consisting of partial inflorescences looking like a single<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_310">{310}</a></span>flower.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -3. Male flowers with a cupular, entire or 3-6-lobed perianth. Female -flowers with a 3-4-toothed or -cleft perianth. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers without a perianth.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Involucre of the partial inflorescences split at one side and consisting of 4 -or more bracts. Ovary 3-celled. Style 3- or 6-cleft. Trees.—Species<br /> -3. Tropics. Poisonous and used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthostema</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre closed all round and consisting of 4 bracts. Ovary 4-celled.<br /> -Style 4-parted.—Species 3. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichostemma</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -5. Involucre of the partial inflorescences with unequal lobes and with an -appendage, in the axil of which the glands are inserted. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pedilanthus</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre with equal lobes, but sometimes surrounded by a one-sided -gland.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Involucre irregular, with a single gland sometimes embracing the partial -inflorescence and split at one side only.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Involucre regular, with several glands sometimes united into a ring or -cup.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -7. Involucre with a narrow gland not enveloping the partial inflorescence.<br /> -Female flowers with a perianth. Bracts subtending the involucres united -high up. Spiny shrubs.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenadenium</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Involucre with a broad gland enveloping the partial inflorescence. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Female flowers with a perianth. Bracts subtending the involucres united -at the base.—Species 2. East Africa. (Under <i>Monadenium</i> Pax).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lortia</b> Rendle<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers without a perianth. Bracts subtending the involucres -united high up.—Species 10. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monadenium</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -9. Glands of the involucre united into a ring or cup.—Species 10. Tropical -and South-east Africa. Some are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synadenium</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Glands of the involucre separate.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Fruit a drupe.—Species 1. West Africa. (Under <i>Euphorbia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elaeophorbia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule.—Species 320. Many of them are poisonous, some yield -timber, gum, rubber, oil, and medicaments, or serve as garden- or -hedge-plants. “Spurge.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euphorbia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -11. (2.) Filaments bent inwards in the bud. Calyx 4-6-partite, imbricate -or subvalvate in bud. Corolla present, at least in the male flowers.<br /> -Inflorescence spike- or raceme-like. Leaves and young shoots clothed -with scales or stellate hairs.—Species 100. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Several species are poisonous, some yield gum-lac, incense-wood, oil, -and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. [Tribe CROTONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Croton</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_311">{311}</a></span>Filaments straight in the bud.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx of the male flowers with valvate or closed aestivation. [Especially -tribe ACALYPHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the male flowers with imbricate or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -13. Corolla present in the male flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Corolla absent in the male flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -14. Petals of the male flowers more or less united. Rudimentary pistil cup-shaped -or wanting. Style-branches 2. Flowers dioecious. Hairy -undershrubs, shrubs, or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Petals of the male flowers free from each other, but sometimes (<i>Caperonia</i>) -adnate to the staminal tube; in this case rudimentary pistil club-shaped -and style with many branches.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -15. Petals united high up. Calyx bursting irregularly. Disc of 5 glands -alternating with the petals. Stamens 12-20. Rudimentary pistil -absent. Climbing shrubs with reddish-brown hairs. Leaves 3-7-nerved.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 5. West Africa. Fibre-yielding -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manniophyton</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -Petals united at the base only. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5.<br /> -Undershrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers 4-merous. Anthers turned inwards. Disc within the stamens.<br /> -Trees. Leaves 3-nerved. Young shoots with rusty-brown hairs.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schubea</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Anthers turned outwards. Glands alternating with -the stamens; a cupular disc also present within them. Undershrubs.<br /> -Young shoots with white hairs. Flowers in axillary clusters.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gilgia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -17. Style many-cleft. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers club-shaped.<br /> -Stamens 5-10, united below. Petals adnate to the staminal tube.<br /> -Disc indistinct. Flowers in racemes. Herbs or undershrubs, usually -hispid.—Species 9. Tropics. Several species yield fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caperonia</b> St. Hil.<br /> -<br /> -Style 2-4-cleft. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers 2-3-cleft or -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, hairy or cottony. Flowers in -racemes, monoecious. Male flowers without a disc.—Species 7. Northern -and tropical Africa. Some are poisonous or yield dyes and medicaments.<br /> -“Turnsole.” (<i>Tournesolia</i> Scop.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrozophora</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Male flowers usually with a disc reduced to separate glands.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Young branches and leaves clothed with scales. Inflorescence spicate or -racemose. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 15-20.—Species 12. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crotonogyne</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -Young branches and leaves glabrous, downy, or clothed with star-like -hairs. Inflorescence spicate, racemose, or paniculate; in the two<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_312">{312}</a></span>former cases stamens 6-14.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Young branches and leaves clothed with 2-cleft or star-like hairs. Trees.<br /> -Leaves palmately nerved. Flowers in panicles, monoecious. Stamens<br /> -8-20. Fruit a drupe.—Species 2. Cultivated and naturalized in -the tropics. They yield timber, gum-lac, tanning bark, dye-stuffs, and -edible oily seeds (“candle-nuts”).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aleurites</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Young branches and leaves clothed with simple hairs, or glabrous. Shrubs.<br /> -Inflorescence spicate or racemose, more rarely paniculate, but then -leaves pinnately nerved. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Flowers in panicles, dioecious. Calyx 2-3-partite in the male flowers,<br /> -4-partite in the female. Corolla in the female flowers falling off very -early, or wanting. Stamens numerous, free. Male flowers without a -rudimentary pistil. Branches downy, at least when young.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grossera</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spicate or racemose inflorescences. Stamens 6-13.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-partite. Stamens 10, united at the base.<br /> -Anthers attached by the back. Male flowers without a rudimentary -pistil. Branches glabrous.—Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tannodia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Branches glabrous. Anther-halves suspended from the connective.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agrostistachys</b> Dalz.<br /> -<br /> -Branches hairy. Styles 2-cleft. Leaves stalked.—Species 2. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holstia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -24. (13.) Styles united to about the middle or beyond.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Styles free or united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -25. Styles united nearly to the top into a usually hollow column.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Styles united about to the middle, undivided. Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -26. Calyx of the female flowers entire or shortly toothed. Anthers 3-4-celled.<br /> -Ovary 1-2-, rarely 3-celled. Trees or shrubs.—Species 50. Tropical -and South Africa. (Including <i>Mappa</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macaranga</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the female flowers 4-12-partite. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary<br /> -3-4-, rarely 5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the female flowers 4-partite. Ovary 4-celled, -winged. Style rather long, columnar, with a 4-lobed stigma. Seeds -with an outgrowth at the hilum. Trees.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetracarpidium</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious. Calyx of the female flowers 5-12-, rarely 4-partite.<br /> -Seeds usually without an outgrowth.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Calyx of the male flowers 3-partite, of the female 5-6-partite. Stamens 3, -with united filaments. Ovary 3-celled. Style united into a globose -body. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaerostylis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the male flowers 4-6-partite. Stamens 4-30.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Stamens 4-6. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers columnar. Ovary<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_313">{313}</a></span>3-celled. Trees or shrubs, with stellate hairs. Leaves undivided, -palmately nerved. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1. Madagascar and<br /> -Comoro Islands. (Including <i>Niedenzua</i> Pax).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenochlaena</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-30, inserted upon an elevated receptacle. Rudimentary -pistil none. Shrubs or undershrubs, usually climbing.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Flowers in cymes surrounded by two large, brightly coloured bracts.<br /> -Anther-halves parallel. Style columnar.—Species 15. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some are used for dyeing, in medicine, or as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dalechampia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes, without conspicuous bracts. Anther-halves spreading.<br /> -Climbing plants. Leaves undivided.—Species 5. Central and South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plukenetia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -31. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, usually climbing, often with -stinging hairs. Stamens 3, rarely more.—Species 45. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including <i>Ctenomeria</i><br /> -Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tragia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout. Stamens numerous, free.—Species 20. Tropics.<br /> -The fruits of some species are used for tanning.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnocoma</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -32. (24.) Filaments repeatedly branched. Anther-halves numerous, separate, -globose. Tall herbs or shrubs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers -monoecious.—Species 1 (<i>R. communis</i> L., castor-oil-plant). Spontaneous -in the tropics, naturalized in other parts of Africa. An ornamental -plant yielding fibre, fodder, and poisonous oily seeds used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ricinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments not branched.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Anther-halves plainly separate, oblong or linear, often twisted. Filaments<br /> -6-20, free. Styles free, usually divided. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves contiguous or nearly so, oblong to globular.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -34. Bracts of the female flowers leaf-like. Sepals of the female flowers 3-5, -small. Stamens usually 8. Disc none. Male flowers spicate, female -spicate, paniculate, or solitary.—Species 80. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acalypha</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Bracts of the female flowers small. Sepals of the female flowers 4-6, -broad. Disc absent in the male flowers, flat and lobed in the female.<br /> -Flowers spicate.—Species 4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mareya</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -35. Anthers 2-celled, at least after opening.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 3-4-celled, even after opening. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -36. Anther-halves oblong, attached lengthwise or above the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves ovoid or globose, attached by the base or the tip, rarely in -the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -37. Stamens 3-10. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -38. Calyx valvate in bud. Stamens 5-10; filaments united throughout.<br /> -Rudimentary pistil exceeding the staminal tube. Styles very short,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_314">{314}</a></span>2-lobed. Trees. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers in panicles, monoecious.—Species<br /> -2. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield rubber (para-rubber):<br /> -(<i>Siphonia</i> Schreb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hevea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx closed in bud. Stamens 3-10; filaments free or united at the -base only. Styles distinctly developed. Leaves simple, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Stamens 6-10. Filaments free, -bent twice. Styles divided into many branches. Flowers monoecious.<br /> -Shrubs with stellate hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Filaments united at the base.<br /> -Styles undivided or with 2 branches. Flowers usually dioecious.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -40. Sepals of the female flowers 6, entire, united halfway up. Styles free.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Socotra. (Under <i>Cephalocroton</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalocrotonopsis</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Sepals of the female flowers pinnately dissected. Styles united at the -base.—Species 8. East Africa to Transvaal, Madagascar, and German<br /> -South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalocroton</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -41. Styles at first united, finally free. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum.<br /> -Glabrous shrubs. Leaves 3-5-nerved at the base. Male inflorescences -catkin-like, springing from the old wood.—Species 5. Tropics. Some -yield dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepidoturus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Styles free or nearly so. Seeds without an outgrowth. Male inflorescences -spike- or panicle-like, axillary.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Styles united at the base, two-cleft. Trees. Leaves penninerved.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar. (Including <i>Orfilea</i> Baill., under <i>Alchornea</i><br /> -Swartz)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lautembergia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Styles free, undivided.—Species 10. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some -of them yield dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alchornea</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -43. (37.) Styles laciniate. Ovary nearly glabrous. Disc in the male flowers -consisting of glands situated outside the stamens, in the female indistinct.<br /> -Sepals 5. Trees. Leaves penninerved, without stipules.<br /> -Flowers dioecious, the male in clusters arising from the old wood, the -female in axillary racemes.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crotonogynopsis</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Styles two-cleft or undivided, but usually ciliate within. Ovary usually -hairy. Disc indistinct in the male flowers. Sepals 2-4, very rarely 5.<br /> -Flowers in spikes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Styles two-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -Styles undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -45. Flowers dioecious, in panicles. Calyx of the male flowers 2-partite. Disc -indistinct. Plants clothed with stellate hairs. Leaves palminerved.—Species<br /> -5. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neoboutonia</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious, all or the female in spikes. Calyx of the male flowers<br /> -4-5-partite. Disc distinctly developed in the female flowers. Trees.<br /> -Leaves penninerved.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Disc of the female flowers expanded. Styles thick. Leafstalk rather<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_315">{315}</a></span>short. Stipules lanceolate, persistent.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Necepsia</b> Prain<br /> -Disc of the female flowers cupular. Styles awl-shaped. Leafstalk very -short. Stipules awl-shaped, deciduous. Spikes unisexual.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. (Under <i>Alchornea</i> Swartz)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Palissya</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -47. Calyx of the male flowers 2-partite. Stamens numerous. Styles thickish, -united at the base. Shrubs. Leaves narrow, penninerved. Flowers in -axillary spikes, monoecious.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neopycnocoma</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the male flowers 3-5-partite.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -48. Flowers in leaf-opposed spikes, monoecious. Calyx 4-partite. Styles 4.<br /> -Stem herbaceous. Leaves broad.—Species 2. Southern West Africa<br /> -(Amboland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudotragia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary or terminal spikes or panicles. Stem woody.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -49. Leaves narrow, penninerved. Flowers monoecious, in spikes. Calyx -of the male flowers 3-partite. Styles thin.—Species 1. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argomuellera</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Leaves broad, palminerved. Flowers usually dioecious.—Species 10.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>Echinus</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mallotus</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -50. (36.) Anther-halves attached at the middle. Stamens 6-12. Calyx<br /> -5-partite. Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3, united at the base, 2-cleft. Herbs.<br /> -Flowers in cymes.—Species 8. South Africa. (Including <i>Paradenocline</i><br /> -Muell. Arg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenocline</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves attached at the base or the top. Styles undivided or many-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Anther-halves attached at the top, pendulous, spreading downwards.<br /> -Styles 2, rarely 3, undivided. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves attached at the base, erect, spreading upwards.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -52. Stamens 8-20. Disc of the female flowers reduced to two scales. Calyx<br /> -3-partite. Leaves opposite.—Species 3. North Africa; also introduced -in South Africa. Used as dye-plants, pot-herbs, and in medicine.<br /> -“Mercury.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mercurialis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-7. Disc none. Flowers monoecious. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -53. Calyx of the female flowers 3-partite. Stamens 2-3. Leaves narrow, -entire. Flowers in clusters.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seidelia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the female flowers reduced to a single scale or absent. Stamens<br /> -4-7. Leaves broad, more or less toothed. Flowers in racemes.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leidesia</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -54. Stem herbaceous. Flowers monoecious. Calyx of the female flowers -imbricate in bud. Stamens 3-10. Disc of the female flowers reduced -to 3-4 linear scales. Ovary 3-4-celled. Styles undivided.—Species<br /> -1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Micrococca</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Flowers dioecious, rarely monoecious, but then calyx of -the female flowers valvate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -55. Styles undivided. Disc of the female flowers entire or lobed. Stamens 5<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_316">{316}</a></span>or more, usually numerous.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Several species yield timber or are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Claoxylon</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Styles many-cleft. Stamens 3-12. Flowers dioecious. Shrubs. Stipules -spiny.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Disc of the female flowers consisting of numerous, more or less ciliate -scales; also 3 staminodes present. Sepals of the female flowers broad.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Fruit a 3-celled capsule. Female flowers in pendulous -spikes.—Species 1. Southern West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poggeophyton</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Disc of the female flowers consisting of 2 narrow scales; no staminodes.<br /> -Fruit a drupe. Female flowers in clusters.—Species 8. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrococca</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -57. (35.) Disc of the female flowers formed of 3 petal-like scales. Styles -recurved, appressed to the ovary, united at the base, 2-cleft. Ovary<br /> -3-celled. Stamens 3. Anthers 4-celled. Flowers dioecious, the male -ones in spikes, the female solitary or 2-3 together. Leaves pinnately -nerved.—Species 3. West Africa. Yielding timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hasskarlia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Disc absent. Styles erect or spreading. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or -panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -58. Calyx of the female flowers 3-5-partite. Stamens numerous. Anthers<br /> -4-celled. Ovary 2-3-celled. Styles long and thin, 2-parted. Seed-coat -leathery. Trees or shrubs. Inflorescence spicate or racemose.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleidion</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the female flowers entire or shortly toothed. Connective not -prolonged. Ovary 1-2-, rarely 3-celled. Styles undivided, usually -short and thick. Seed-coat crustaceous. Leaves usually palmately -nerved. (See 26.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macaranga</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -59. (12.) Corolla present in the male flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -Corolla absent in the male flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -60. Flowers in corymb- or panicle-like inflorescences composed of cymes, -nearly always monoecious. Stamens 5 or more, all or the outer opposite -the petals, all or the inner united below. [Tribe JATROPHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in clusters or panicles, dioecious. Stamens free, but -often inserted on a stalk-like process of the receptacle. Shrubs or -trees. [Tribe CLUYTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -61. Flowers dioecious. Petals free. Stamens 16-17, the five outer nearly -free, the inner irregularly united. Seeds without an outgrowth. Leaves -undivided.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neojatropha</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious. Stamens in 2-6 whorls, usually 8-10. Seeds with -an outgrowth at the hilum.—Species 50. Central and South Africa; -two species cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. Several species -yield gum, oil, and medicaments; some are poisonous or used as garden- -or hedge-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jatropha</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -62. Stamens 5. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Petals free. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_317">{317}</a></span>solitary or in clusters in the axils of the leaves. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -Stamens 12 or more. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Flowers -in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -63. Stamens opposite the sepals, inserted upon a flat receptacle, free. Fruit<br /> -a drupe.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microdesmis</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens opposite the petals, inserted upon a stalk-like receptacle. Fruit<br /> -a capsule.—Species 40. South and Central Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cluytia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -64. Petals free. Stamens free. Fruit a capsule. Leaves undivided, pinnately -nerved. Shrubs.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mildbraedia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Petals united below. Fruit a drupe. Leaves lobed or dissected, palmately -nerved at the base. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -65. Leaves lobed.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Givotia</b> Griff.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves dissected.—Species 3. West Africa. Yield timber and fat from -the seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ricinodendron</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -66. (59.) Stamens 1-4, rarely more, and then ovary many-celled. Disc little -developed or wanting. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil.<br /> -Style-branches undivided. [Tribe HIPPOMANEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5 or more. Ovary 2-4-celled. Style-branches two-cleft or -lobed. Sepals 4-8. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -67. Stamens 8 or more. Calyx cup-shaped, almost entire. Ovary many-celled.<br /> -Style columnar, many-branched at the top. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Trees. Inflorescence spicate; bracts adnate to the rachis throughout -their whole length, at first enclosing the flower-buds. Flowers monoecious.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>H. crepitans</i> L., sandbox-tree). Naturalized in the -tropics. Ornamental tree, yielding oil and medicaments; the fruits -are used as sand-boxes; the juice is poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hura</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 1-4. Ovary 2-4-celled. Bracts adnate to the rachis of the -inflorescence by their base only.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -68. Stamens 1-3, the filaments entirely or almost entirely united. Shrubs or -trees. Flowers monoecious.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-4, the filaments free or united at the base only. Styles free -or united at the base. Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -69. Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 1-3; filaments free at the top, connective not -broadened. Ovary 3-4-celled. Styles united high up. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Seeds with a large outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maprounea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 2-3; filaments united into a short column.<br /> -Anthers turned outwards. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit a capsule or a -drupe. Seeds without an outgrowth.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Calyx-segments broad. Connective broadened, peltate. Styles united -high up. Flowers in panicles.—Species 2. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Omphalea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments narrow. Connective not broadened. Styles free or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_318">{318}</a></span>united at the base. Flowers in spikes.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Excoecariopsis</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -71. Calyx of the male flowers 2-3-toothed or -lobed. Inflorescence terminal.<br /> -Bracts with two glands. Flowers monoecious.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the male flowers 2-5-parted. Fruit a capsule with a persistent -central column.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -72. Ripe carpels separating from a 3-parted central column. Seeds without an -outgrowth.—Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. They yield -timber; one species (<i>S. sebiferum</i> Roxb.) is cultivated for its oily seeds.<br /> -(Including <i>Conosapium</i> Muell. Arg.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sapium</b> P. Browne<br /> -<br /> -Ripe carpels separating from the base of the pericarp, leaving no central -column. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum.—Species 5. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stillingia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -73. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers monoecious. Inflorescences -terminal or terminal and lateral. Leaves alternate.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa. (<i>Cnemidostachys</i> Mart.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sebastiania</b> Spreng.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers usually dioecious.<br /> -Inflorescences usually lateral.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Taenosapium</i> Muell. Arg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Excoecaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -74. (66.) Flowers in racemes, monoecious, with a disc. Sepals of the male -flowers evidently united below. Stamens 10, free. Leaves palmately -divided, sometimes alternating with undivided ones.—Species 3.<br /> -Cultivated in the tropics. <i>M. Glaziovii</i> Muell. Arg. yields rubber,<br /> -<i>M. utilissima</i> Pohl and <i>M. dulcis</i> Pax (cassava or mandioc-plants) -furnish vegetables, medicaments, and edible roots, from which meal, -starch (tapioca), and a spirituous drink are prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manihot</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in glomerules, dioecious, rarely monoecious, but then without a -disc. Sepals of the male flowers free or nearly so. Leaves undivided.<br /> -[Tribe GELONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -75. Sepals 5. Filaments free. Male flowers without a disc and without a -rudimentary pistil.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. (<i>Ceratophorus</i><br /> -Sond., including <i>Suregada</i> Roxb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gelonium</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals of the female flowers 7-8, the inner petaloid. Filaments united.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaetocarpus</b> Thwait.<br /> -<br /> -76. (1.) Calyx of the male flowers with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5-7.<br /> -Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the male flowers with imbricate or open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -77. Petals absent. Disc none. Styles 2, undivided. Ovary-cells 2, each -with an incomplete partition.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Martretia</b> Beille<br /> -<br /> -Petals small. Disc outside the stamens. Styles 2-parted. Ovary-cells -undivided. [Tribe BRIDELIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2. Stamens borne upon a short androphore.<br /> -Leaf-veins of the third order almost parallel.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3. Disc of the female flowers cup-shaped. Fruit a<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_319">{319}</a></span>capsule. Leaf-veins of the third order netted.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -79. Disc of the female flowers bottle-shaped, enclosing the ovary to the top.<br /> -Inflorescence paniculate.—Species 1. East Africa. (Under <i>Bridelia</i><br /> -Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neogoetzea</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Disc of the female flowers double, the outer cup-shaped, adhering to the -calyx, the inner consisting of 5 scales. Fruit usually a drupe.—Species<br /> -25. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield dye-stuffs.<br /> -(Including <i>Gentilia</i> Beille)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bridelia</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -80. Receptacle of the male flowers elevated, forming a short androphore.—Species<br /> -10. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleistanthus</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle not prolonged into an androphore. Flowers clustered, dioecious.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenonia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -81. (76.) Anthers 4-celled, even after opening, numerous. Filaments united.<br /> -Male flowers with 5 sepals and 3 valvate petals. Ovary 3-4-celled.<br /> -Styles 3, undivided. Carpels enlarging and separating after the time of -flowering. Downy shrubs. Leaves without stipules. Flowers in -axillary glomerules.—Species 1. South-east Africa. [Tribe JUNODIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Junodia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled, at least after opening.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -82. Seeds with a very small embryo. Fruit an oblong drupe. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Styles 2, undivided. Male flowers with 9-18 free, central stamens, -without a disc and without a rudimentary pistil. Corolla none. Flowers -dioecious, in racemes. Trees.—Species 1. West Africa. [Tribe<br /> -DAPHNIPHYLLEAE]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daphniphyllum</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with a large embryo. Ovary-cells and styles usually 3; if 2, then -stamens 2-6 or surrounding a central disc. [Tribe PHYLLANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -83. Corolla present, at least in the flowers of one sex.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -Corolla absent.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -84. Stamens 8-10. Anthers opening outwards. Sepals, petals, and carpels<br /> -4-5. Flowers dioecious, in glomerules. Trees.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heywoodia</b> Sim<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-5. [Subtribe <small>ANDRACHNINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -85. Flowers 3-merous, dioecious. Petals exceeding the sepals in the male -flowers, absent in the female. Male flowers without a rudimentary -pistil. Stamens 6, each surrounded at the base by a gland; anthers -opening transversely. Ovary 4-5-celled. Shrubs. Flowers in glomerules.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bricchettia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-6-merous. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Ovary 5-celled. Styles 5, two-cleft. Disc cup-shaped, lobed in the male -flowers, entire in the female. Stamens inserted upon a short androphore.<br /> -Petals exceeding the sepals. Flowers fascicled, monoecious. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles. (Under <i>Savia</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wielandia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas 3.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -87. Styles very short, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_320">{320}</a></span>Styles well developed, two-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -88. Flowers monoecious, in spikes or fascicles. Petals short. Rudimentary -pistil 3-lobed. Stigmas thick. Seeds solitary in each cell, exalbuminous, -with thick-fleshy cotyledons. Trees or shrubs.—Species 6. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amanoa</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious, in panicles. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -89. Panicles terminal. Petals small. Disc of the male flowers of separate -glands. Rudimentary pistil obconical, flattened at the top. Seeds with<br /> -a spongy coat, scanty albumen, and flat cotyledons.—Species 2.<br /> -Equatorial regions.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Megabaria</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Panicles axillary. Petals large. Disc of the male flowers cupular. Rudimentary -pistil narrowed above. Seeds with copious albumen.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centroplacus</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -90. Stamens inserted upon a prolonged, stalk-like receptacle. Petals shorter -than the sepals. Disc and ovary densely woolly. Seeds with scanty -albumen and folded cotyledons. Shrubs. Flowers dioecious, the -male ones fascicled, the female solitary.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachnostylis</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted upon a receptacle which is not stalk-like.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Stamens inserted upon the disc. Seeds exalbuminous, with folded cotyledons.<br /> -Trees or shrubs. Flowers in fascicles.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa. (<i>Pentabrachium</i> Muell. Arg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Actephila</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted inside the disc round the rudimentary pistil. Seeds -with copious albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -92. Male flowers without a corolla, with 4 sepals and 6 stamens. Female -flowers with 2 sepals and 5 petals. Flowers dioecious, the male in -glomerules, the female solitary. Shrubs or trees.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neochevaliera</b> Beille<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers with a corolla, rarely without, but then with 5 sepals and 5 -stamens. Flowers dioecious, the male in spikes, racemes, or panicles, -or monoecious.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -93. Lobes of the disc alternating with the petals. Flowers monoecious, in glomerules -or the female solitary. Shrubs.—Species 8. Madagascar and -neighbouring islands. (Under <i>Savia</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petalodiscus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Lobes of the disc opposite the petals. Male flowers in spikes, racemes, or -fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -94. Flowers monoecious. Anther-halves adnate lengthwise. Rudimentary -pistil of the male flowers columnar or 3-partite. Styles short. Herbs, -undershrubs, or shrubs.—Species 6.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Andrachne</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Anther-halves at first suspended from the thick connective.<br /> -Rudimentary pistil thick, usually obovate. Styles long.<br /> -Shrubs or trees.—Species 9. West Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thecacoris</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -95. (83.) Leaves digitate. Male flowers in glomerules, with a 5-8-partite -calyx. Trees. [Subtribe <small>BISCHOFIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_321">{321}</a></span>Leaves simple, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -96. Leaflets 1-3. Flowers monoecious. Stamens 14-15.—Species 1.<br /> -Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aristogeitonia</b> Prain<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 5-7. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 4-10.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -97. Leaves opposite. Leaflets stalked. Fruit a capsule.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa. Yields timber (African teak).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oldfieldia</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Leaflets sessile. Male flowers with a 6-8-cleft calyx -and 6-8 stamens. Female flowers solitary, with 3 bracteoles, a disc -consisting of 6-7 scales, a 2-celled ovary, and 2 short, thick, undivided -styles. Fruit a drupe.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paivaeusa</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -98. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers dioecious, the male in fascicles or -panicles, the female solitary. Stamens numerous. Disc none. Fruit<br /> -a capsule. Trees. [Subtribe <small>TOXICODENDRINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -99. Sepals 2-5. Stamens inserted upon a stalk-like receptacle. Styles -united high up.—Species 1. Southern East Africa (Mosambic).<br /> -Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Androstachys</b> Prain<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5-12. Stamens inserted upon a flat receptacle. Styles united -at the base only.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Fruit -poisonous. (<i>Hyaenanche</i> Lamb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Toxicodendron</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -100. Male flowers in catkins, spikes, racemes, or panicles, more rarely in heads -or umbels with a calyx-like involucre. Flowers dioecious. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>ANTIDESMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers in axillary glomerules, fascicles, or short cymes, rarely in -umbels without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -101. Male flowers in umbels or heads with a calyx-like involucre, female solitary.<br /> -Male flowers without a disc, but with a rudimentary pistil. Stamens<br /> -4-5. Ovary 2-4 celled. Styles branched. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent.<br /> -Trees.—Species 30. Tropics. Some yield timber or edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uapaca</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit a drupe. Trees or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -103. Styles 3, 2-lobed. Male flowers with a disc. Stamens 2-5.—Species<br /> -25. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some yield timber and dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antidesma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style 1, undivided. Male flowers without a disc.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -104. Sepals in the male flowers 3-5. Stamens 3-5. Disc of the female -flowers ring-shaped.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cometia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Sepals in the male flowers 6-8. Stamens numerous. Disc none.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa. The seeds yield oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plagiostyles</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -105. Ovary 2-celled. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Trees or -shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_322">{322}</a></span>Ovary 3-, rarely 4-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -106. Ovary and fruit winged. Styles long, undivided. Disc none. Stamens<br /> -4-6.—Species 12. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hymenocardia</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit not winged. Styles short.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -107. Disc in the male flowers consisting of 5 scales, in the female cup-shaped, -entire. Stamens 5. Fruit one-seeded.—Species 4. West Africa and<br /> -Upper Nile.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maesobotrya</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Disc, especially in the female flowers, little developed or absent. Styles -shortly lobed. Fruit several-seeded.—Species 10. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baccaurea</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -108. Disc indistinct or wanting. Styles short, very shortly lobed. (See 107.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baccaurea</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Disc distinctly developed. Stamens 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -109. Disc entire or nearly so. Styles undivided, united high up. Rudimentary -pistil salver-shaped. Shrubs.—Species 1. Equatorial regions.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baccaureopsis</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Disc lobed or divided. Styles more or less deeply two-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -110. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Stipules hair-like. Flowers -very small. Rudimentary pistil salver-shaped. Styles free, thick, 2-cleft.—Species<br /> -5. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyathogyne</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Rudimentary pistil not salver-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -111. Stipules large, kidney-shaped. Inflorescence springing from the old -wood. Seeds with an aril.—Species 5. West Africa. (Under <i>Maesobotrya</i><br /> -Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Staphysora</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Stipules not kidney-shaped. Flowers 5-merous. Anther-halves at first -suspended from the thickened connective. Styles long. (See 94.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thecacoris</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -112. (100.) Styles or sessile stigmas much broadened, sometimes wholly united.<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Disc present. Fruit indehiscent. Trees or shrubs.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>DRYPETINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -Styles or style-branches rather thin or broadened at the apex only. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>PHYLLANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -113. Stamens 3. Ovary 1-celled. Stigmas peltate, nearly sessile. Disc cup-shaped -in the male flowers, ring-shaped in the female. Sepals unequal.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sibangea</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -114. Fruit 1-seeded. Ovary 1-2-celled. Stamens usually 4.—Species 4.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drypetes</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 2-4-seeded. Ovary 2-4-celled. Stamens usually numerous.—Species<br /> -20. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclostemon</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -115. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil and a disc usually divided into -glands.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -116. Receptacle of the male flowers prolonged into an androphore. Stamens<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_323">{323}</a></span>5-6. Shrubs, undershrubs, or herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -Receptacle not prolonged into an androphore. Disc of the male flowers -divided into glands alternating with the sepals, rarely entire. Seeds -without an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs and trees.<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -117. Disc of the male flowers nearly entire, of the female divided into 5 glands -alternating with the sepals. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with an outgrowth -at the hilum. Shrubs. Male inflorescence many-flowered.—Species 3.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudolachnostylis</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Disc of the male flowers 5-lobed or divided into 5 glands opposite the -sepals. Fruit a capsule. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum.<br /> -Flowers monoecious, fascicled.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cluytiandra</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -118. Disc of the male flowers slightly lobed. Styles undivided. Flowers -monoecious, large. Stipules large.—Species 1. German East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zimmermannia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Disc of the male flowers deeply lobed or divided. Styles two-cleft.<br /> -Flowers usually dioecious.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -119. Anthers opening outwards. Disc of the female flowers lobed. Seeds -grooved on the ventral face; testa thick; embryo curved.—Species 8.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some yield timber. (Under <i>Securinega</i><br /> -Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flueggea</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Disc of the female flowers undivided.<br /> -Seeds not grooved; testa thin; embryo straight.—Species<br /> -6. Some of them yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Securinega</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -120. Disc present.<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -Disc absent. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>124<br /> -<br /> -121. Disc of the male flowers consisting of 5-6 scales adnate below to the -sepals which consequently appear much thickened. Stamens 3. Filaments -very short, united. Anthers opening outwards. Style-branches<br /> -2-cleft. Flowers monoecious. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar and neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agyneia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Disc of the male flowers not adnate to the sepals; hence sepals not much -thickened.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -122. Stamens 2-10. Styles usually two-cleft.—Species 80. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa; one species naturalized in Egypt. Some of them serve -as garden- or hedge-plants or yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, -edible fruits, and medicaments. (Including <i>Cicca</i> L. and <i>Pleiostemon</i><br /> -Sond.) (Plate 80.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllanthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 12-18. Disc many-lobed or many-parted. Styles 3. Shrubs -or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -123. Flowers monoecious. Sepals 5. Disc lobed. Styles entire or notched, -flattened.—Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Humblotia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious with 6 sepals, or dioecious with 5. Disc deeply -divided. Styles two-cleft. Stipules gland-like.—Species 2. Equatorial<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_324">{324}</a></span>West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lingelsheimia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -124. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 6-lobed. Stamens 3; filaments united; -anthers opening outwards. Male flowers in glomerules.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. (<i>Melanthesopsis</i> Muell. Arg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Breynia</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 5; filaments free; anthers -opening inwards. Male flowers in umbels.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptonemea</b> Juss.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_123">FAMILY 123.</a> CALLITRICHACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flowers solitary or in clusters -in the leaf-axils, minute, without a perianth, but sometimes with two -bracteoles, monoecious. Stamens 1. Anther 2-celled. Ovary 4-celled. -Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with a single coat -and a ventral raphe. Styles 2, free, awl-shaped. Fruit separating into 4 -drupe-like mericarps. Seeds albuminous; embryo axile. (Under -<i>HALORRHAGIDACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 6. North and South Africa and high mountains of Central<br /> -Africa; one species also naturalized in Madagascar and the Mascarene<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callitriche</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER SAPINDALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BUXINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_124">FAMILY 124.</a> BUXACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. -Flowers in lateral fascicles, heads or spikes, regular, monoecious. -Perianth simple, of 4 segments in the male flowers, of 4-6 in the -female. Disc absent. Stamens 4, opposite the sepals, or 6. Filaments -free. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, -pendulous or nearly so, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Styles 3, free, -short and thick, undivided, persisting in fruit. Fruit a loculicidal -capsule. Seeds albuminous; embryo axile, straight.—Genera 3; species 8. -(Under <i>EUPHORBIACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 4; filaments long. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil.<br /> -Perianth of the female flowers of 4-6 segments.—Species 6. The box<br /> -(<i>B. sempervirens</i> L.) is used as a garden-plant and yields wood and -medicaments; another species affords arrow-poison. [Tribe BUXEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buxus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6; filaments very short or absent. Male flowers without a -rudimentary pistil. Perianth of the female flowers of 4 segments.<br /> -[Tribe STYLOCEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers in fascicles, the male on long pedicels, very small. Leaves narrowed -into a long point.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macropodandra</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in groups of 3, nearly sessile, not very small. Leaves blunt or -slightly pointed.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Notobuxus</b> Oliv.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_325">{325}</a></span></p> - -<p>SUBORD ER EMPETRINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_125">FAMILY 125.</a> EMPETRACEAE</p> - -<p>Low shrubs. Leaves alternate, sometimes almost whorled, undivided, -grooved on the under surface, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in -heads, bracteolate, unisexual or polygamous. Sepals 3. Petals 3 or none. -Stamens 3, hypogynous, opposite to the sepals, free. Disc absent. Ovary -superior, 2-9-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, erect, inverted, -with ventral raphe. Style branched. Fruit a drupe. Seeds without an -outgrowth at the hilum, albuminous. Embryo axile; radicle turned -downwards.—Genera 2, species 2. North and South Africa.</p> - -<p> -Flowers, at least the male, crowded in terminal heads. Ovary cells, style-branches, -and fruit-stones 2-5. Style with linear branches.—Species<br /> -1. Canary Islands and Azores. The fruits are used as a condiment and -in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corema</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary, on lateral dwarf-shoots. Ovary-cells, style-branches, and -fruit-stones 6-9. Style with broadened branches.—Species 1. Island -of Tristan da Cunha. The fruits (crawberries) are eaten and used for -preparing drinks and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Empetrum</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CORIARIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_126">FAMILY 126.</a> CORIARIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, 3-nerved, without stipules. -Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 5, imbricate in -bud. Petals shorter, fleshy, enlarged after flowering. Stamens 10. -Anthers opening inwards. Carpels 5, distinct. Ovule 1 in each carpel, -pendulous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Fruit with a crustaceous rind, -indehiscent. Seeds with scanty albumen.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used for tanning -and dyeing.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coriaria</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ANACARDIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_127">FAMILY 127.</a> ANACARDIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Juice resinous. Leaves usually alternate, without -stipules. Flowers in panicles, usually polygamous. Corolla present, -rarely (<i>Pistacia</i>) absent. Ovary superior, 1-5-celled. Ovules solitary -in each cell, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Fruit usually a drupe. -Albumen of the seeds scanty or wanting.—Genera 29, species 250. -(<i>TEREBINTHACEAE</i>.) (Plate 81.)</p> - -<p> -1. Carpel 1. Style simple, lateral; stigma entire. Funicle basal. Fertile -stamen 1, rarely 5. Leaves simple, entire. Trees. [Tribe MANGIFEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 2-5, sometimes 1-4 of them rudimentary. Style simple with a -lobed stigma, or more or less deeply divided, or several free styles.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_326">{326}</a></span>Fertile stamens 3 or more. Leaves usually compound.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Stamen 1. Filament broad. Calyx 4-lobed. Petals 4. Disc one-sided.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate.—Species 2. West Africa. The fruits are edible.<br /> -(Under <i>Mangifera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fegimanra</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-10, but usually 1 only fertile. Petals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Fertile stamens 5. Calyx bursting irregularly.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -The juice is used for preparing varnishes and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gluta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamen 1, usually accompanied by 4 or 9 sterile ones, which bear -small anthers. Calyx 5-partite.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens and staminodes together 5. Disc cushion-shaped. Fruit egg-shaped, -with a fleshy pericarp and a slightly thickened stalk. Leaves -lanceolate.—Species 1 (<i>M. indica</i> L., mango-tree). Cultivated in the -tropics. Yields timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, edible -fruits from which a spirituous drink is prepared, starch from the seeds, -and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mangifera</b> Burm.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens and staminodes together 10. Disc indistinct. Fruit kidney-shaped, -with a resinous pericarp and a much thickened, fleshy stalk.<br /> -Leaves obovate.—Species 1 (<i>A. occidentale</i> L., cashew-tree). Cultivated -in the tropics. Yields timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, -oil, vermin-poison, edible seeds and fruit-stalks from which vinegar and -brandy are prepared, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anacardium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. (1.) Ovary with 1 fertile cell and sometimes 1-2 empty and usually -rudimentary ones, rarely (<i>Protorhus</i>) with 3 fertile cells; in this case -stamens 5 and leaves simple. [Tribe RHOIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 3-5 fertile cells. Stamens 6-15 and leaves compound, -rarely stamens 5 and leaves simple, but then ovary-cells and styles 5.<br /> -[Tribe SPONDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -6. Perianth simple, consisting of 1-2 segments in the male, of 2-5 in the -female flowers. Stamens 3-5. Style 3-cleft. Leaves compound.—Species<br /> -5, one of them only cultivated. North Africa and northern East<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, resins (mastic -and turpentine) which are used industrially, in medicine, as fumigatories, -masticatories, or condiments, and for preparing spirituous drinks, also -edible oily fruits and seeds (pistachio-nuts) and various medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pistacia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Perianth consisting of a calyx and a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Style 1, undivided, rarely (Micronychia) shortly cleft at the top, or a -slightly lobed sessile stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Styles 3, free or united at the base, sometimes recurved and adnate to the -ovary, or 3 free sessile stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -8. Leaves simple, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound, pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -9. Stamens 6-10, twice as many as the petals. Ovary with 1 fertile and 1 -sterile cell. Style absent. Trees with small flowers.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar and Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Campnosperma</b> Thwait.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_327">{327}</a></span>Stamens 4-5, as many as the petals. Ovary 1-celled. Style present.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla of the male flowers equalling the calyx. Disc broad, fleshy. Filaments -thread-shaped. Ovary and fruit much compressed. Style -short, undivided, with a 3-lobed stigma. Shrubs. Leaves serrate.<br /> -Flowers small. Female inflorescence finally with broadened branches -and hardened bracts.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<br /> -(<i>Botryceras</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laurophyllus</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla much exceeding the calyx. Disc cup-shaped. Filaments broad.<br /> -Ovary and fruit slightly compressed. Style long, shortly 3-cleft at the -top. Trees. Leaves entire. Flowers rather large.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Micronychia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -11. Receptacle deeply cupular; hence petals and stamens distinctly perigynous.<br /> -Calyx valvate, corolla imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5-10. Ovary -sessile. Style thin. Fruit dry, indehiscent.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thyrsodium</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle flattish or convex; hence petals and stamens hypogynous or -nearly so. Style thick or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Petals imbricate in the bud; sepals imbricate. Stamens 4-5, as many -as the petals. Ovary and fruit with a compressed stalk. Stigma -sessile. Fruit sickle-shaped, dry, indehiscent.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Faguetia</b> March.<br /> -<br /> -Petals valvate in the bud. Stamens 5-20, usually more than petals.<br /> -Ovary and fruit sessile, the latter drupaceous.—Species 20. Tropics.<br /> -Some species yield timber, gum, and edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sorindeia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -13. (7.) Ovule basal or suspended from a basal funicle.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Ovule suspended from the top or the flank of the cavity.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -14. Ovule subbasal, ascending. Styles lateral, thread-shaped. Ovary compressed.<br /> -Stamens 5, alternating with 2-cleft scales. Petals of the male -flowers longer, of the female shorter than the sepals. Sepals lanceolate, -enlarged in the fruit. Flowers dioecious. Leaves pinnate; stalk winged.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Loxostylis</b> Spreng. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule suspended from the basal funicle. Styles terminal. Flowers -polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Endocarp crusty or bony, finally separating from the mesocarp. Seedcoat -thin. Leaves alternate, usually compound.—Species 100. Some -of them yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials (sumac), condiments, -medicaments, and edible fruits; others are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Endocarp leathery, not separating from the mesocarp. Seed-coat thick.<br /> -Leaves undivided, narrow, with numerous parallel side-nerves.—Species<br /> -18. Tropical and South Africa. Some yield timber. (<i>Anaphrenium</i><br /> -E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heeria</b> Meissn.<br /> -<br /> -16. Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 5.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Leaves compound, trifoliolate or pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -17. Filaments broadened. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule attached laterally. Styles<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_328">{328}</a></span>sickle-shaped, united at the base, with capitate stigmas. Fruit transversely -oblong; endocarp very thin. Embryo with thick cotyledons.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baronia</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments awl-shaped. Ovary usually 3-celled. Ovule attached at -the top of the cell. Stigmas sessile. Fruit oblong; endocarp woody.<br /> -Leaves opposite or nearly so, with numerous parallel side-nerves.—Species<br /> -10. Madagascar and South-east Africa. Some species are -poisonous or used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Protorhus</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -18. Leaflets 3, toothed. Stamens 5. Ovary compressed. Styles lateral, -thread shaped. Fruit winged; endocarp very thin, mesocarp resinous.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smodingium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets 5 or more. Styles more or less terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Stamens 4-5. Fruit with a crusty endocarp, a fibrous mesocarp, and a -fleshy exocarp. Embryo with a short radicle.—Species 30. Central<br /> -Africa. Some have edible fruits. (<i>Emiliomarcelia</i> Hel. et Th. Dur.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichoscypha</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10. Fruit with a hard endocarp, an oily mesocarp, and a parchment-like -exocarp. Embryo with a long radicle. Shrubs.—Species 2.<br /> -Cultivated in North Africa, the Cape Verde Islands, and the Mascarenes.<br /> -They yield timber, resin used industrially and medicinally, tanning -and dyeing materials, vinegar, syrup, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -20. (5.) Stamens 5, as many as the petals. Disc consisting of 5 scales. Styles<br /> -5. Leaves simple, undivided.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spondianthus</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6-15, twice as many as the petals or more. Leaves compound.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Petals valvate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -Petals imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -22. Flowers dioecious, 4-merous. Petals lanceolate, with inflexed tips. Male -flowers with a sterile ovary and a simple style. Leaflets 3, serrate.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spondiopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers polygamous, usually 5-merous. Petals oblong ovate or elliptical, -finally recurved. Styles in the female and hermaphrodite flowers 4-5, -free. Leaflets 5 or more, usually with a marginal nerve.—Species 4, -two of them growing wild in equatorial West Africa, the others cultivated -in the tropics. They yield timber, gum, tanning material, medicaments, -and edible fruits from which a spirituous drink is prepared.<br /> -(Including <i>Antrocaryon</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spondias</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -23. Sepals free. Stone of the fruit with 3-4 lids at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Sepals more or less united.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -24. Flowers dioecious, 3-4-merous. Anthers subglobose, versatile. Seeds -oblong, terete.—Species 2. Central Africa. The fruits are edible.<br /> -(Under <i>Spondias</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudospondias</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers polygamous, 4-5-merous. Anthers oblong, continuous with the -filament. Ovary-cells and styles usually 3. Seeds club-shaped, somewhat<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_81" style="width: 322px;"> -<a href="images/plt_081.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_081.jpg" width="322" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ANACARDIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 81.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Lannea Schimperi (Hochst.) Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower. <i>C</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. -<i>D</i> Older female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_82" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_082.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_082.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CELASTRACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 82.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_329">{329}</a></span></p> - -<p> -compressed.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. They -yield timber, gum, dyes, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits and seeds -from which a spirituous drink is prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerocarya</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -25. Flowers 3-merous, dioecious. Fruit 1-2-seeded. Leaflets numerous.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa. They yield timber and edible fruits (blood-plums).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haematostaphis</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit usually 1-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Fruit 2-5-seeded. Leaflets 5 or more. Sepals -united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -27. Sepals united high up. Petals oblong. Disc 4-partite. Style simple, -club-shaped. Flowers in panicled fascicles. Leaflets numerous, alternate.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nothospondias</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united at the base only. Petals obovate. Disc 8-crenate. Styles<br /> -3-4. Stone of the fruit with 1-2 fertile cells bearing a lid at the top -and with 2-3 sterile cells. Seeds 1 or 2; in the latter case leaflets 3.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber, -bark used for making cloth, gum, edible fruits, and medicaments.<br /> -(<i>Calesiam</i> Adans., <i>Odina</i> Roxb., including <i>Lanneoma</i> Del.) (Plate 81.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lannea</b> Rich.<br /> -<br /> -28. Male flowers with a narrow disc and 3 styles. Stone of the fruit with 2 -fertile and 2 sterile cells.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpephyllum</b> Bernh.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers with a broad disc and 5 styles. Ovary 5-celled. Stone of the -fruit with 3-5 fertile cells. Panicles spike-like.—Species 5. Madagascar -and Mascarenes. They yield timber, resin, and edible fruits.<br /> -(Under <i>Spondias</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poupartia</b> Comm.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CELASTRINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_128">FAMILY 128.</a> AQUIFOLIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed. Flowers -regular, dioecious. Calyx 4-7-cleft. Petals 4-7, united at the base, -imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as the petals, hypogynous. Anthers -2-celled, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Disc none. Ovary -superior, 4-8-celled. Style short or absent; stigma lobed. Ovules -solitary in each cell or two side by side, pendulous, inverted, covered -by a cupular expansion of the funicle. Fruit a drupe with 4-8 one-seeded -stones. Embryo minute, at the apex of the albumen (<i>ILICINEAE.</i>)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 5. They yield timber, bird-lime, tea, and medicaments.<br /> -The holly (<i>I. Aquifolium</i> L.), with poisonous fruits, is also planted as a -garden- or hedge-plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ilex</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_129">FAMILY 129.</a> CELASTRACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers regular. Sepals 4-5, -imbricate or open in bud. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate in bud. Disc -present.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_330">{330}</a></span> Stamens as many as and alternating with the petals. Filaments -free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits sometimes confluent at -the top. Ovary superior, but sometimes sunk in the disc and adnate to -it, 2-5-celled, rarely (<i>Pleurostylia</i>) 1-celled. Ovules 1-8 in each -cell, inverted. Style 1 or 0. Seeds usually albuminous. Embryo axile, -with leaf-like cotyledons.—Genera 15, species 160. (Plate 82.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with an aril. [Subfamily <b>CELASTROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a drupe or a nut. Seeds without an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaves opposite, at least those of the flowering and fruiting branches. Unarmed -shrubs. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Petals spreading. Disc thick. Anthers opening by 1 slit. Ovary-cells -and stigmas 4-5. Seeds enveloped by a red aril. Leaves elliptical.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Yields timber and medicaments -and serves as an ornamental plant; the fruits are poisonous. “Spindle-tree.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Evonymus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals erect. Disc thin. Anthers opening by 2 slits. Ovary-cells and -stigmas 3. Seeds with a white, wing-like aril. Leaves lanceolate.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. edulis</i> Forsk.). Central and South Africa. The wood -and the leaves are used, the latter for chewing and for preparing a tea -and medicaments. (<i>Methyscophyllum</i> Eckl. & Zeyh.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Catha</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers in axillary racemes or umbels, or more frequently solitary or in -clusters and inserted upon the leaves, 5-merous. Ovary-cells and -stigmas 5, very rarely 3-4. Seeds with a laciniate aril. Unarmed -shrubs or trees.—Species 7. Madagascar. (Under <i>Celastrus</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycardia</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary fascicles or cymes. Ovary 2-3-celled, very rarely<br /> -4-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovules 3-6 in each cell of the ovary. Disc thick, almost hemispherical, -ribbed, red. Seeds enveloped by the aril. Spiny shrubs.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Celastrus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Putterlickia</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Ovary 2-3-celled. Disc not hemispherical.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit with usually wing-like appendages. Seeds with a gaping aril. Ovary -usually ribbed. Stigmas 2-3. Disc 5-lobed or 5-parted. Flowers<br /> -5-merous. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves entire.—Species 9.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterocelastrus</b> Meissn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit without appendages. Ovary not ribbed. Disc faintly lobed, not -ribbed.—Species 80. Some of them yield timber, rubber, or medicaments.<br /> -(Including Scytophyllum Eckl. & Zeyh., under <i>Celastrus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnosporia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -7. (1.) Fruit broadly winged, with a leathery rind. Flowers 4-merous.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_331">{331}</a></span>Stamens inserted within the disc. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary<br /> -2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell. Stigma 1, small. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescences terminal and axillary.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. [Subfamily <b>TRIPTERYGIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ptelidium</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not winged. Stamens inserted on the edge or outer face of the disc.<br /> -Anthers usually opening inwards. [Subfamily <b>CASSINIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2-8, erect. Style lateral. Stigma peltate.<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Fruit with a thin endocarp and a thin-fleshy -mesocarp. Seeds with copious albumen. Leaves opposite.—Species<br /> -5. East and South Africa and Malagasy Islands. (Including <i>Cathastrum</i><br /> -Turcz.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleurostylia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-4-celled, with 1-2 ovules in each cell. Style terminal, rarely -lateral in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovules pendulous. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit a drupe. Glabrous shrubs.<br /> -Upper leaves opposite, broad.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<br /> -Yields timber. (Under <i>Cassine</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maurocenia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules erect.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Stigma entire. Anthers turned inwards. Petal-like staminodes usually -present. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves opposite, unequal, the lower -lanceolate, the upper oval. Trees.—Species 1. Isle of Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Herya</b> Cordem.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma 2-4-lobed, very rarely entire, but then anthers turned outwards.<br /> -Petal-like staminodes none.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Flowers in short racemes, unisexual, 4-merous. Stamens inserted at the -margin of the thin disc; filaments strap-shaped. Fruit almost dry.<br /> -Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony). (Under <i>Elaeodendron</i> Jacq.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lauridia</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in fascicles or cymes; usually hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Leaves alternate. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit almost dry.—Species 20.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. (Under <i>Cassine</i> L. or <i>Elaeodendron</i> Jacq.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mystroxylon</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or the upper alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Pericarp neither fleshy nor hardened. Seeds exalbuminous. Anthers -opening outwards. Glabrous shrubs. Leaves more or less distinctly -toothed.—Species 3. South Africa and Madagascar. (Under <i>Schrebera</i><br /> -Thunb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hartogia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp more or less fleshy or hardened. Seeds albuminous. Anthers -usually opening inwards.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Pericarp fleshy. Leaves opposite.—Species 10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cassine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp dry.—Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some species -yield timber, dyes, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under <i>Cassine</i> L.)<br /> -(Plate 82.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elaeodendron</b> Jacq.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_332">{332}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_130">FAMILY 130.</a> HIPPOCRATEACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-partite, -imbricate in bud. Petals 5, free, inserted below the disc. Stamens 3-5, -inserted upon or within the disc. Filaments free, strap-shaped. Ovary -3-celled, with 2-10 inverted ovules in each cell. Style 1 or 0. Fruit -drupaceous or capsular or separating into several mericarps. Seeds -exalbuminous.—Genera 3, species 110. Tropical and South Africa. (Under -<i>CELASTRINEAE</i>.) (Plate 83.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 5. Anthers opening inwards by a transverse slit. Disc indistinct.<br /> -Ovules 6-8 to each ovary-cell. Leaves opposite, serrate.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Campylostemon</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3. Anthers opening outwards. Disc distinct.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit drupaceous. Petals imbricate in bud. Flowers usually in fascicles -or in fascicled cymes.—Species 60. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Several species yield rubber or edible fruits. (Plate 83.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salacia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit capsular or separating into several mericarps. Anthers roundish.<br /> -Leaves opposite. Flowers usually in simple cymes.—Species 50.<br /> -Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some are used medicinally. (Including<br /> -<i>Helictonema</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippocratea</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_131">FAMILY 131.</a> SALVADORACEAE.</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, simple, entire, with minute stipules. -Flowers solitary or in spikes, racemes or panicles, regular. Calyx -2-4-cleft. Petals 4, very rarely 5, free or united at the base, with -imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens as many as and alternate -with the petals; sometimes 4-5 staminodes also present. Ovary superior, -1-2-celled. Ovules 1-2 in each cell, erect, inverted. Style simple, -short. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo with the -radicle turned downwards.—Genera 3, species 6.</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers dioecious. Petals 4, free, narrow. Filaments free from one -another and from the corolla. Glands between the stamens absent.<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Shrubs with 2-6 spines in the axils of the leaves.—Species<br /> -2. Tropical and South Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Monetia</i><br /> -L’Hér.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Azima</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Filaments united together or -to the corolla. Glands between the stamens nearly always present.<br /> -Ovary 1-celled. Unarmed shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals free, narrow. Filaments united at the base. Anthers oblong.—Species<br /> -3. East Africa. Yielding timber. (Including <i>Platymitium</i><br /> -Warb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dobera</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Petals united at the base, broad, 4. Filaments free. Anthers ovoid or -globose.—Species 1 (<i>S. persica</i> Garcin). North-east and Central<br /> -Africa to Delagoa Bay. Yields edible fruits and medicaments; the -twigs are used as tooth-brushes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salvadora</b> Garcin<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_83" style="width: 320px;"> -<a href="images/plt_083.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_083.jpg" width="320" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>HIPPOCRATEACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 83.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Salacia Dusenii Loesen.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower from above. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. -<i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_84" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_084.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_084.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ICACINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 84.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Apodytes dimidiata E. Mey.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit. <i>D</i> Fruit -cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_333">{333}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ICACININEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_132">FAMILY 132.</a> ICACINACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire toothed or lobed, without stipules. -Flowers regular, 4-5-merous. Stamens as many as the petals or -perianth-segments and alternate with them. Anthers opening by 2 -longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules 2, pendulous, -inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style 1 or 0. Fruit a drupe. Seed 1, with a -thin testa, without an aril.—Genera 19, species 90. Tropical and South -Africa. (Under <i>OLACINEAE</i>.) (Plate 84.)</p> - -<p> -1. Pericarp warty or spiny on the inner face. Embryo equalling the albumen.<br /> -Climbing or twining shrubs. Leafstalk terete. [Tribe PHYTOCRENEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp smooth or wrinkled on the inside. Leaves entire.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -2. Perianth simple, 3-5-parted. Stigma sessile. Leaves palminerved.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Perianth, at least in the female flowers, consisting of a sometimes very -small calyx and a corolla of united petals. Leaves penninerved.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, hermaphrodite. Stem -tuberous, with slightly twining branches. Leaves undivided, wavy at the -margin.—Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trematosperma</b> Urban<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads or spikes, dioecious.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers in heads arranged in spikes or panicles. Perianth of the male -flowers 3-lobed.—Species 3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycephalium</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes. Perianth usually 4-parted.—Species 15. Tropical -and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pyrenacantha</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -5. Calyx minute. Corolla not enlarged in the fruit. Flowers in spikes -arising from the lower part of the stem. Leaves oval.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Endacanthus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx distinctly developed, at least in the female flowers. Corolla enlarged -in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx of the male flowers 5-toothed. Petals 5. Filaments rather long.<br /> -Anthers linear. Flowers in spikes at the nodes of the older branches.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stachyanthus</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx of the male flowers indistinct or wanting. Petals 4. Filaments -short. Anthers ovate. Flowers in spikes or heads. Species 7.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlamydocarya</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -7. (1.) Flowers dioecious, with a corolla of united petals, with or without a -calyx. Stamens with flat filaments; anthers opening inwards. Embryo -nearly equalling the albumen. Climbing shrubs, usually with tendrils.<br /> -Leaves opposite. Flowers in panicles.—Species 6. Tropics. [Tribe<br /> -IODEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iodes</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely unisexual, but then with a -calyx and a corolla of free petals, or without a corolla, and the anthers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_334">{334}</a></span>opening outwards. Embryo usually much shorter than the albumen.<br /> -Trees or erect, rarely climbing shrubs; in the latter case leaves alternate -or flowers in spikes. [Tribe ICACINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers unisexual, dioecious. Calyx 5-partite. Petals minute and free, -or wanting. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary with a ring-shaped -appendage at the top. Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grisollea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Perianth consisting of a calyx -and a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Petals free. Sepals usually united high up.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Petals more or less united. Sepals usually united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -10. Embryo nearly as long as the albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Embryo much shorter than the albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Petals bearded within. Disc present. Style long; stigma small or shield-shaped.<br /> -Fruit with a crusty endocarp. Embryo with flat cotyledons.<br /> -Shrubs with ascending or somewhat twining branches.—Species 7.<br /> -Tropics. Some have edible fruits or seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Icacina</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Petals not bearded within. Disc absent. Fruit with a woody endocarp -and a fleshy mesocarp. Embryo with folded cotyledons. Climbing -shrubs.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. The fruits and seeds are -eaten and used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lavigeria</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -12. Stem climbing. Flowers in spikes. Petals hairy outside. Disc present.<br /> -Ovary without swellings. Style terminal; stigma slightly lobed.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desmostachys</b> Planch. & Miers<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect, tree-like. Flowers in fascicles or panicles. Ovary with 2 -swellings. Style lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Filaments broadened below. Ovary usually -with two narrow swellings at the top.—Species 12. Central Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Apodytes</i> Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphiostyles</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal panicles. Filaments awl-shaped. Ovary with two -broad swellings on the ventral face.—Species 10. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Several species yield timber or edible fruits. (Plate 84.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apodytes</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -14. Petals united at the base or nearly to the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Petals united beyond the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Petals imbricate in the bud. Style short. Leaves opposite. Flowers in -repeatedly forked cymes.—Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cassinopsis</b> Sond.<br /> -<br /> -Petals valvate in the bud. Style long. Leaves alternate. Flowers in -few-flowered fascicles or panicles.—Species 9. Central Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Alsodeiidium</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alsodeiopsis</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -16. Petals imbricate in the bud. Sepals and stamens unequal. Disc indistinct.<br /> -Stigma sessile. Leaves opposite, elliptical. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tridianisia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_335">{335}</a></span>Petals valvate in the bud.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Petals bent backwards at the tip. Disc thick. Style short. Leaves -opposite, lanceolate. Flowers in few-flowered axillary cymes.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrocoelium</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Petals bent inwards at the tip. Disc absent. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Sepals united at the base only. Filaments adnate to the corolla-tube -throughout their whole length, without appendages. Style long, -filiform. Ovary and fruit without a swelling.—Species 5. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptaulus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united high up. Filaments free from the corolla, with two tufts -of hairs at the apex. Style short, conical. Ovary and fruit with a -lateral swelling. Flowers in head-like cymes.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasianthera</b> Beauv.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER SAPINDINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_133">FAMILY 133.</a> ACERACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, palmately lobed, without stipules. -Flowers in terminal corymbs, regular, polygamous. Sepals 5, free. Petals -5, free. Stamens 8, very rarely 4 or 12, perigynous, inserted on the -inner edge of the thick disc. Filaments free. Ovary superior, 2-lobed -and 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 2 or a single style -with 2 branches or stigmas. Fruit winged, splitting into 2 mericarps. -Seeds exalbuminous. (Under <i>SAPINDACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 4. North-west Africa. They yield timber, tanning bark, -and sugar, and serve as ornamental plants. “Maple.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acer</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_134">FAMILY 134.</a> SAPINDACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs, rarely (<i>Cardiospermum</i>) herbs or undershrubs. Leaves -alternate, usually compound. Flowers in racemes or panicles, rarely -solitary or in clusters, polygamous, rarely unisexual. Petals 4-5, -mostly with a scale on the inner face, or absent. Stamens 4-24, usually -8, inserted within the disc, rarely upon it; sometimes disc indistinct. -Anthers opening inwards by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-8-, -usually 3-celled, sometimes not quite completely septate or with a -single fertile cell, frequently lobed. Ovules 1-2, rarely (<i>Cossignia</i>) -3 in each ovary-cell, curved. Style 1, undivided, rarely cleft. Seeds -exalbuminous; embryo usually curved.—Genera 51, species 200. (Including -<i>DIDIEREACEAE</i>.) (Plate 85.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary with 1 fertile cell and sometimes 2 sterile ones. Ovule 1. Style<br /> -3-4-cleft. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the edge of the ring-shaped -disc. Petals 4. Sepals 2. Flowers dioecious. Leaves undivided, -deciduous. Spiny trees.—Species 6. Madagascar. Some species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_336">{336}</a></span>yield timber. (Including <i>Alluaudia</i> Drake). [Tribe DIDIEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Didierea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 2-8 fertile cells. Stamens inserted within the disc, rarely -upon it (<i>Pistaciopsis</i>) or no distinct disc present (<i>Dodonaea</i>); in both -these cases petals wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovule 1 in each cell of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2, very rarely 3, in each cell of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovule pendulous. Ovary 2-celled. Style undivided, with 2 decurrent -stigmatic lines at the apex. Stamens 5. Disc regular. Petals 5, -small. Sepals 5, slightly imbricate in bud. Fruit succulent, indehiscent.<br /> -Seeds without an aril. Embryo with pinnately cut cotyledons. Branches -and leaves with a resinous coating. Leaves equally pinnate, with a -winged rachis.—Species 2. Equatorial East Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Filicium</b> Thwait.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule erect or ascending. Stamens usually 8.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Flowers irregular, with a one-sided disc. Petals 4.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so, with a complete disc. Petals 5 or 0. Leaves -exstipulate, equally pinnate, rarely unequally pinnate (<i>Pistaciopsis</i>) -or simple (<i>Pappea</i>).<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -5. Leaves stipulate, unequally pinnate with 5 leaflets or twice ternate. Herbs -or undershrubs or climbing tendril-bearing shrubs. Petals with a -crested, and hooded scale. Stamens 8. Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Leaves exstipulate, simple trifoliolate or equally pinnate. Trees or shrubs -without tendrils. Seeds without an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Fruit capsular, inflated, with a -membranous rind. Seeds without an aril.—Species 5. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa, one species (<i>C. Helicacabum</i> L.) also naturalized in North<br /> -Africa. They yield fodder, vegetables, oil, and medicaments, and -serve also as decorative plants. “Heartseed.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cardiospermum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, climbing, bearing tendrils. Fruit capsular, not inflated, -with a leathery or woody rind, or separating into mericarps. Seeds with<br /> -a more or less distinct aril.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Leaves twice ternate. Fruit 3-winged below, separating into 3 nutlets.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Serjania</b> Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate. Fruit wingless, capsular.—Species 1. Tropics. Poisonous -and yielding fibres and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paullinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -8. Leaves simple or trifoliolate. Sepals 4, broadly imbricate in bud. Petals -with a crestless, notched or 2-parted scale. Stamens 8. Ovary deeply -lobed. Fruit of 1-3 drupes.—Species 50. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments.<br /> -(Under <i>Schmidelia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allophyllus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves abruptly pinnate. Sepals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Sepals free, broadly imbricate in bud. Petals with a notched scale. Stamens<br /> -8. Fruit separating into 3 mericarps. Seed-coat hard.—Species<br /> -3. Naturalized in the Mascarenes and Seychelles. The wood and the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_337">{337}</a></span>fruits (soap-berries) are used; the latter afford a substitute for soap, -mucilage, oil, poison, and medicaments; the seeds serve as ornaments -and for making buttons and rosaries. (Including <i>Dittelasma</i> Hook.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sapindus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals more or less united, narrowly imbricate or valvate in bud. Fruit -furrowed or lobed, indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Calyx shortly bell- or top-shaped; sepals united at the base only. Petals -with a 2-crested scale. Stamens 6-8. Pericarp crustaceous or leathery.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply urn-shaped or almost globular; sepals united high up.<br /> -Pericarp more or less fleshy.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Disc obliquely cupular. Ovary 2-celled. Sepals imbricate in bud. Petals -with a very broad scale. Shrubs. Leaflets 10.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plagioscyphus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Disc not cupular. Ovary 3-celled. Leaflets 4-8.—Species 7. West<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Erioglossum</i> Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pancovia</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -12. Stamens 12-15. Petals sessile; scale adnate below by the margin, -bearing a short crest. Ovary 6-8-celled. Trees. Leaflets 10-12.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glossolepis</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6-8. Petals clawed.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Scales of the petals adnate below by the margins, bearing an incurved -crest; claws elongate. Calyx subglobose, shortly toothed. Ovary<br /> -7-celled. Trees. Leaflets numerous.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Radlkofera</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Scales of the petals adnate by a ridge, more rarely free. Ovary 3-4-celled, -rarely 7-8-celled, but then petals with a free and crestless scale.<br /> -Species 10. West Africa. Some have edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chytranthus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -14. (4.) Petals absent.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Petals present.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -15. Sepals 4-6, united at the base only, valvate or almost valvate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5, united high up.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -16. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled. Sepals 4. Leaves with 4-6 leaflets.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crossonephelis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-8. Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Sepals 4-5, hairy outside. Stamens<br /> -7-8. Seeds without an aril. Leaves with 4-6 leaflets.—Species 2.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melanodiscus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in clusters. Stamens 5, rarely 6-7, but then seeds with an -aril.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Stamens inserted inside the disc; filaments short, not exceeding the -calyx; anthers linear. Sepals 5-6, hairy above. Seed 1, with an -aril. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 4-10 leaflets.—Species 2. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haplocoelum</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the edge of the disc, 5; filaments long, much exceeding -the calyx; anthers oblong or oval. Sepals 5. Leaves with a narrowly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_338">{338}</a></span>winged rachis.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pistaciopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -19. Sepals imbricate in bud, finally slashed. Stamens 8-10, bent twice in the -bud. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds with an aril; embryo almost straight.<br /> -Trees. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles.—Species 2. Central<br /> -Africa. Flowers fragrant, used for preparing an aromatic water.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lecaniodiscus</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens 8.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds with an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Fruit covered with wart-like protuberances. Aril free from the seedcoat.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>L. chinensis</i> Sonn.) Cultivated in the tropics -and naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. It yields timber, edible -fruits, and medicaments. (Under <i>Nephelium</i> L. or <i>Euphoria</i> Commers.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Litchi</b> Sonn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit covered with soft spine-like processes or glabrous. Aril adnate to -the seed-coat.—Species 1 (<i>N. lappaceum</i> L., Rambutan). Cultivated -in the tropics. It yields edible fruits and fat-containing seeds. (Under<br /> -<i>Euphoria</i> Comm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nephelium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -22. Fruit dehiscent. Seeds with an aril. Calyx cup-shaped. Flowers in -axillary panicles.—Species 1. Mascarene Islands. Yields timber<br /> -(iron-wood), edible fruits, and oily seeds. (Under <i>Nephelium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stadmannia</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an aril. Calyx top-shaped. Flowers -in racemes or panicles springing from the older parts of the stem.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Placodiscus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -23. (14.) Calyx 5-lobed; lobes open or slightly imbricate in bud. Stamens<br /> -6-10.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -24. Calyx urn-shaped. Petals with a scale adnate by a ridge. Fruit indehiscent,<br /> -3-lobed, with a leathery pericarp. Seeds without an aril. Inflorescences -arising from the older branches. Leaves pinnate. (See 13.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chytranthus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx cup- or saucer-shaped, small. Petals with a scale adnate by the -margins, or with a free scale, or without a scale. Fruit dehiscent.<br /> -Seeds with an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Petals hairy, without a scale or with the inflexed margins prolonged into -small scales. Ovary lobed. Pericarp leathery. Leaves simple, undivided, -oblong.—Species 4. East and South Africa. They yield -timber, edible fruits, and oily seeds. (Under <i>Sapindus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pappea</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a free scale or with a scale adnate by the margins. Leaves -pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Petals with a scale adnate by the margins, hence funnel-shaped. Disc -clothing the base of the calyx. Filaments hairy. Fruit 3-angled, almost -glabrous. Inflorescences axillary.—Species 5. Central Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_339">{339}</a></span>Some yield timber. (Under <i>Blighia</i> Koen.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phialodiscus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with an almost free, notched scale. Disc free. Filaments glabrous.<br /> -Fruit almost globose; pericarp crustaceous or woody, hispid on the -outside, woolly within.—Species 3. West Africa. Yielding timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriocoelum</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -27. (23.) Sepals narrowly imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Sepals broadly imbricate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -28. Stamens 5. Petals hooded, without scales. Disc 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Fruit indehiscent, with a crustaceous pericarp. Seeds with an -aril. Leaves with numerous leaflets. Inflorescences arising from the -older parts of the stem.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudopteris</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 6-10.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Stamens 6-7. Petals hairy, with 1-2 scales adnate by their edges.<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Fruit compressed, dehiscent, with a cartilagineous -endocarp. Seeds with an adnate aril. Leaves with 4-11 pairs of -leaflets. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species 3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aporrhiza</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-10.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent. Stamens 8.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Fruit tardily dehiscent. Stamens 8-10. Petals furnished -at the base with a scale adnate at each side.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -31. Leaflets in 3-4 pairs, toothed, pellucidly dotted, beset with scaly glands -when young. Fruit 2-lobed, with a fleshy pericarp. Seeds without an -aril.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). (Under <i>Sapindus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smelophyllum</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets in 5 pairs, entire, beset with stellate hairs. Fruit with a crustaceous -pericarp. Seeds with a free aril.—Species 1 (<i>E. Longana</i><br /> -Lam.). Cultivated in the tropics and in Egypt and naturalized in the<br /> -Mascarene Islands. Yields timber and edible fruits. (Under <i>Nephelium</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euphoria</b> Commers.<br /> -<br /> -32. Petals saccate at the base. Stamens 8, rarely 10. Fruit large, bluntly<br /> -3-angled. Seeds enveloped at the base by an adnate aril.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa. The aril is poisonous when unripe or over-ripe, but -edible when ripe, and used for preparing oil and medicaments; from the -fragrant flowers an aromatic liquid is prepared. “Akee-tree.” (Under<br /> -<i>Cupania</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blighia</b> Koen.<br /> -<br /> -Petals funnel-shaped. Stamens 10. Seeds enclosed in the fleshy testa.<br /> -Leaflets in 4-6 pairs, toothed.—Species 3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lychnodiseus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -33. (27.) Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit compressed, dehiscent, with<br /> -a spongey pericarp. Seeds with a free aril.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tinopsis</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-24.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Stamens 8.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_340">{340}</a></span>Stamens 10-24. Seeds without an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -35. Leaves twice pinnate. Petals small. Fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, with<br /> -a crustaceous pericarp. Seeds with a membranous aril and a crustaceous -testa.—Species 10. Madagascar and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macphersonia</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Leaves once pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Petals with 1 scale. Seeds without an aril; testa membranous, leathery, -or crustaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -Petals with 2 scales, usually formed by the inflexion of their edges, rarely<br /> -(<i>Molinaea</i>) without scales. Seeds with an aril, rarely (<i>Sapindus</i>) without, -but then with a bony testa.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -37. Leaflets prickly toothed, in several pairs. Stem shrubby. Inflorescences -springing from the older parts of the stem. Petals with a hooded scale.<br /> -Disc cup-shaped, crenate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotylodiscus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets entire. Stem tree-like. Fruit lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Leaflets in 2 pairs. Fruit drupaceous, not separating into mericarps.<br /> -Seeds with a thin testa; embryo nearly straight.—Species 1 (<i>A. -senegalensis</i> Radlk.). Central Africa. It yields timber and edible -fruits which are also used as a substitute for soap; the seeds are poisonous.<br /> -(Under <i>Sapindus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aphania</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Leaflets in 3 or more pairs. Fruit separating into 2-3 berry-like mericarps.<br /> -Seeds with a leathery testa.—Species 20. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Plate 85.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Deinbollia</b> Schum. & Thonn.<br /> -<br /> -39. Petals with large scales. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit capsular.—Species 10.<br /> -Madagascar. (Under <i>Cupania</i> L., <i>Jagera</i> Blume, or <i>Ratonia</i> DC.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tina</b> Roem. & Schult.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with small scales or without scales. Ovary 3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Petals very small, with 2 linear scales at the base. Filaments bent twice -in the bud. Shrubs. Leaflets in 6-10 pairs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriandrostachys</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Petals small or rather large, with the margins bent inwards at the base -or without any appendage. Usually trees.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Seeds with an aril and a crustaceous testa. Fruit winged, capsular.—Species<br /> -8. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Some species yield timber -and medicaments. (Under <i>Cupania</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Molinaea</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds without an aril; testa bony. Fruit not winged, drupaceous or -separating into mericarps. (See 9.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sapindus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -42. (34.) Petals without a scale. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit capsular, -bristly. Climbing shrubs clothed with rust-coloured hairs.<br /> -Leaflets in 3-4 pairs, toothed.—Species 1. West Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Cupania</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laccodiscus</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a scale. Trees or erect shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Ovary entire. Stamens 10-12. Leaves without glands.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa. (Under <i>Deinbollia</i> Schum. & Thonn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camptolepis</b> Radlk.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_85" style="width: 341px;"> -<a href="images/plt_085.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_085.jpg" width="341" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SAPINDACEAE</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 85.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Deinbollia pycnophylla Gilg</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Inflorescence. <i>B</i> Male flower. <i>C</i> Male flower cut lengthwise (two -anthers have fallen off). <i>D</i> Older female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> -Leaf.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_86" style="width: 339px;"> -<a href="images/plt_086.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_086.jpg" width="339" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MELIANTHACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 86.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Bersama abyssinica Fresen.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Flower without the -perianth. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Group of fruits. <i>F</i> Fruit. -<i>G</i> Seed with aril. <i>H</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_341">{341}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Ovary lobed or divided. Stamens 12-24. Leaves with sunken glands.<br /> -Fruit separating into mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Fruit winged; pericarp leathery. Ovary 2-celled. Stamens 20-24.<br /> -Sepals densely clothed with silky hairs. Leaflets 4, with conspicuous -veins.—Species 1. Island of Mauritius. The seeds contain oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hornea</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not winged; pericarp fleshy. (See 38.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Deinbollia</b> Schum. & Thonn.<br /> -<br /> -45. (2.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4. Disc one-sided. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit -capsular.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so. Petals 5 or 0. Disc complete or indistinct.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -46. Petals with a long claw and a crisped scale, red. Disc cup-shaped. Stamens<br /> -8. Ovary stalked. Fruit inflated, bursting irregularly. Seeds -with a red, bony testa and a spiral embryo. Shrubs. Leaves unequally -pinnate with a winged rachis and 11-13 leaflets.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrophysa</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with a short claw and without a scale. Disc flat. Ovary sessile.<br /> -Fruit opening regularly. Seeds with a leathery or crusty testa. Leaves -with 3-10 leaflets clothed with stellate hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Stamens 5-6. Fruit with septifragal dehiscence. Embryo spirally -twisted. Leaves unequally pinnate, with 3-7 leaflets.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar and Mascarenes. Yielding timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cossignia</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence. Embryo curved. Leaves -equally pinnate, with 6-10 leaflets.—Species 3. Tropics. (<i>Majidea</i><br /> -Kirk)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpullia</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -48. Petals present. Stamens 8. Ovary 3-celled. Leaves equally pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Petals absent.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -49. Disc somewhat one-sided. Petals green or yellowish. Fruit capsular.<br /> -Leaves with 8-10 leaflets. (See 47.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpullia</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -Disc equal-sided. Petals red or reddish.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Leaves with 4-6 leaflets. Petals with the margins bent back at the -base. Fruit capsular, 3-celled.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conchopetalum</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves with 8-14 usually serrate leaflets along a winged rachis. Petals -minutely toothed. Fruit indehiscent, leathery, usually 1-celled.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippobromus</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -51. Disc indistinct. Stamens 5-15, usually 8. Ovary 2-6-, usually 3-celled.<br /> -Stigma lobed. Fruit capsular, 2-6-celled. Embryo spirally -twisted. Leaves usually simple.—Species 4. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, medicaments, and edible fruits; the -beaten branches are used as torches.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dodonaea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc distinctly developed. Stamens 4-5. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent, -usually drupaceous and 1-celled. Embryo not spiral. Leaves<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_342">{342}</a></span>pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -52. Flowers 4-merous. Leaves unequally pinnate. Tall trees.—Species 1.<br /> -Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zanha</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Leaves equally pinnate.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -53. Calyx slightly lobed. Seeds with a thin testa and short radicle. Leaflets -elliptical, entire. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Talisiopsis</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply divided.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -54. Stamens alternating with the sepals. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds with a thin -testa and short radicle. Leaflets oval, crenate. Flowers in few-flowered -cymes.—Species 1. East Africa. The seeds are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dialiopsis</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens opposite to the sepals. Stigma entire. Seeds with a leathery -testa and long radicle. Leaflets lanceolate oblong or elliptical, entire.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Mascarene Islands. It yields timber, -edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under <i>Hippobromus</i> Eckl. & Zeyh. -or <i>Melicocca</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Doratoxylon</b> Thouars<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MELIANTHINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_135">FAMILY 135.</a> MELIANTHACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate or simple and -undivided. Flowers in racemes, more or less irregular, hermaphrodite. -Sepals 4-5, free or united at the base, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-5, -imbricate in bud, sometimes cohering in the middle. Stamens 4-10, -inserted within the disc. Anthers opening lengthwise by lateral slits. -Ovary superior, 4-5-celled. Style simple; stigma entire or lobed. Fruit -a capsule. Seeds with a straight embryo and copious albumen.—Genera 3, -species 30. (Under <i>SAPINDACEAE</i>) (Plate 86.).</p> - -<p> -1. Leaves simple, undivided, exstipulate. Flowers almost regular. Disc -equal-sided, with 10 processes. Petals sessile. Stamens 10. Ovary 5-celled, -with numerous ovules in each cell. Capsule septicidal.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa. [Tribe GREYIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Greyia</b> Hook. & Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, stipulate. Flowers more or less irregular. Disc one-sided.<br /> -Petals clawed. Stamens 4-5. Ovary usually 4-celled. Ovules<br /> -1-12 in each cell. Capsule loculicidal. [Tribe MELIANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Sepals very unequal. Petals 4, rarely 5, cohering in the middle, shorter -than the sepals. Disc pouch-shaped. Stamens 4. Ovules 4-12 in -each ovary-cell. Seeds without an aril.—Species 5. South Africa; -one species also naturalized in the Canary Islands. The latter serves -as an ornamental plant and is said to render honey poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melianthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals nearly equal. Petals 5, free, longer than the sepals. Disc semi-orbicular.<br /> -Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. Seeds with an aril.—Species<br /> -20. Central and South-east Africa. (Including <i>Natalia</i><br /> -Hochst.) (Plate 86.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bersama</b> Fres.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_87" style="width: 331px;"> -<a href="images/plt_087.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_087.jpg" width="331" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BALSAMINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 87.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Impatiens capensis Thunb.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_88" style="width: 321px;"> -<a href="images/plt_088.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_088.jpg" width="321" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RHAMNACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 88.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Ventilago leiocarpa Benth.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Sepal. <i>D</i> Petal -expanded. <i>E</i> Younger and older stamen. <i>F</i> Fruit. <i>G</i> Lower part of the -fruit cut open.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_343">{343}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BALSAMININEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_136">FAMILY 136.</a> BALSAMINACEAE</p> - -<p>Succulent herbs. Leaves herbaceous, undivided, penninerved, without -stipules. Flowers solitary or in clusters or racemes, without -bracteoles, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3, rarely 5, imbricate in -bud, the hindmost more or less distinctly spurred. Petals 3 or 5. -Stamens 5; filaments short and broad; anthers united, turned inwards, -opening towards the apex. Disc none. Ovary superior, 5-celled. Ovules 3 -or more, in the inner angle of each cell, pendulous, inverted, with -dorsal raphe. Style 1; stigmas 1 or 5. Fruit succulent, dehiscing -elastically. Seeds exalbuminous. (Under <i>GERANIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 87.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 100. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants (balsams), others yield dyes, medicaments, or edible oily -seeds. (Including <i>Trimorphopetalum</i> Bak.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Impatiens</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER RHAMNALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_137">FAMILY 137.</a> RHAMNACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, rarely (<i>Helinus</i>) undershrubs. Leaves undivided, -stipulate, more rarely (<i>Phylica</i>) exstipulate. Flowers regular, -hermaphrodite or polygamous. Receptacle more or less cup-shaped. Sepals -4-5, valvate in bud. Petals 4-5 or 0. Stamens as many as and alternate -with the sepals. Anthers opening by 1-2 slits. Disc within the stamens, -sometimes indistinct. Ovary 2-4-celled, sometimes not quite completely -septate, rarely (<i>Maesopsis</i>) 1-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, -basal, inverted. Style undivided or cleft. Seeds with a large, straight -embryo.—Genera 18, species 140. (Plate 88.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary superior or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior or half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 1-celled. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit one-seeded, indehiscent. Leaves -opposite or nearly so, penninerved.—Species 2. Equatorial regions.<br /> -The fruits are edible. (Including <i>Karlea</i> Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maesopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or almost completely 2-4-celled. Stigma 2-4-lobed, -or 2-4 stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Anthers opening outwards. Sepals with a far projecting ledge on the -inside. Disc ring-shaped. Style undivided, with a 2-lobed stigma.<br /> -Leaves opposite or nearly so, crenate, with 2-4 lateral nerves on each -side. Flowers in axillary spikes or in terminal panicles.—Species 1.<br /> -Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lamellisepalum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers dehiscing inwards or laterally. Flowers solitary or in cymes, -rarely in racemes or panicles, but then style 2-4-cleft or with 3 stigmas.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Leaves 3-, more rarely 5-nerved from the base. Style 2-4-cleft. Fruit -wingless, fleshy, indehiscent, with a 1-4-celled stone.—Species 10.<br /> -Some of them yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, gum-lac,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_344">{344}</a></span>food for silk-worms, medicaments, and edible fruits (jujubes) from which<br /> -a sort of bread and a beverage are prepared; others have poisonous -fruits; some are used as hedge plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zizyphus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves penninerved.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers in terminal panicles, 5-merous. Stigmas 3. Fruit with 3 stones.<br /> -Shrubs with spiny branches. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. Northern<br /> -East Africa. The fruits are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sageretia</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Receptacle united with the fruit for the greatest part. Fruit with 2-4 -indehiscent stones. Seeds not grooved. Disc thick. Spines in the -axils of the leaves.—Species 3. Tropical and South Africa. (<i>Adolia</i><br /> -Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scutia</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle free from the fruit for the greatest part. Disc thin, rarely -thick, but then spines, as usually, wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7 Fruit with 1 two-celled stone. Disc thick. Style 2-cleft. Flowers 5-merous.<br /> -Leaves alternate.—Species 1. East Africa. The fruits -are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berchemia</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 2-4 stones. Disc thin.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit with a red skin and a woody stone separating into 3 elastically -dehiscing portions. Seed-coat crustaceous, shining. Flowers 5-merous.<br /> -Leaves alternate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrorhamnus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 2-4 leathery or thin-woody, scarcely or not dehiscing stones.<br /> -Seed-coat thin.—Species 17. North, East, and South Africa. They -yield timber, dyes, a substitute for hop, fish-poison, and medicaments.<br /> -“Buckthorn.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhamnus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -9. (1.) Ovary half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -10. Style simple; stigma 3-lobed. Leaves penninerved, serrate or crenate.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Style 2-4-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary incompletely 2-3-celled, 1-2-ovuled. Fruit drupaceous, 1-celled,<br /> -1-2-seeded. Trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so. Flowers in -axillary, raceme-like cymes. (See 2.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maesopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 3-celled, 3-ovuled. Fruit separating into 3 dehiscing -mericarps, 3-seeded. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in axillary -and terminal cymes or panicles.—Species 1. South Africa and St.<br /> -Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Noltia</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -12. Leaves 3-5-nerved from the base, alternate. Fruit a drupe. Stem erect -or decumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Leaves penninerved. Fruit a nut, a schizocarp, or a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -13. Fruit with a horizontal wing; epicarp leathery, endocarp woody. Leaves<br /> -3-nerved, serrate; stipules transformed into spines. Flowers in -axillary and terminal, raceme-like cymes.—Species 1. Cultivated and -naturalized in Algeria. Used medicinally and as a hedge-plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paliurus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not winged; epicarp fleshy, endocarp horny, woody or leathery.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_345">{345}</a></span>(See 4.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zizyphus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -14. Ovary 2-celled. Style 2-cleft. Fruit with a long wing-like appendage, -dry, 1-seeded, indehiscent. Climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate.—Species<br /> -3. Madagascar and neighbouring islands, West Africa. They -yield fibres, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. (Plate 88.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ventilago</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Style 3-cleft or 3-parted. Fruit not winged, 3-seeded.<br /> -Erect or almost erect, hairy shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers -in lateral inflorescences.—Species 6. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiodiscus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -15. (9.) Style simple, sometimes very short, with 1-3 stigmas. Fruit separating -into 3 dehiscing mericarps. Seed-coat hard. Hairy plants. Leaves -alternate, entire, nearly always exstipulate. Flowers solitary or in -spikes, racemes, or heads.—Species 80. South Africa, southern<br /> -Central Africa, Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Some are -used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phylica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style 2-4-cleft. Leaves stipulate. Flowers in cymes sometimes arranged -in false spikes or racemes, very rarely flowers solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Receptacle top-shaped, not prolonged beyond the ovary. Fruit separating -into 3 elastically dehiscent mericarps. Erect shrubs or low trees.<br /> -Leaves alternate, 3-nerved at the base, serrate. Flowers in axillary -cymes.—Species 1. East and South-east Africa, including the islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colubrina</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle prolonged beyond the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Stem tree-like. Leaves opposite, entire, penninerved, hairy beneath.<br /> -Flowers in axillary cymes. Anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits -which are confluent at the apex. Fruit separating into dehiscent -mericarps; epicarp somewhat fleshy.—Species 1. Island of St.<br /> -Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nesiota</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stem shrubby, half-shrubby, or climbing. Leaves alternate. Flowers in -axillary and terminal inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Stem not climbing, without tendrils. Leaves few, lanceolate, entire.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes.—Species 1. South Africa<br /> -(Betchuanaland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marlothia</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Stem climbing, bearing tendrils. Leaves oval. Flowers in usually many-flowered -cymes, false spikes, or panicles. Mericarps 3, separating from<br /> -a central column.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Flowers in cymes. Disc entire. Fruit wingless; mericarps dehiscing -elastically. Leaves entire, penninerved.—Species 3. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helinus</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in false spikes or racemes. Disc usually lobed. Fruit 3-winged; -mericarps dehiscing by a narrow slit or indehiscent—Species 12.<br /> -Tropics. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gouania</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_138">FAMILY 138.</a> VITACEAE.</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, usually climbing, rarely (<i>Cissus</i>) herbs or -undershrubs. Leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers regular, in cymose -inflorescences. Calyx<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_346">{346}</a></span> small, entire or lobed. Petals 3-7, sometimes -cohering at the base or at the apex, valvate in bud. Stamens as many as -and opposite to the petals, inserted outside the hypogynous, sometimes -indistinct disc. Anthers opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. -Ovary 2-8-celled, seated upon the disc or more or less sunk in it. -Ovules solitary in each cell or two side by side, ascending, inverted, -with ventral raphe. Style simple, sometimes indistinct. Stigma entire or -2-4-lobed. Fruit a berry, usually septate. Seeds with a bony or -crustaceous testa and a fleshy or cartilaginous, more or less ruminate -albumen enclosing a small straight embryo.—Genera 5, species 200. -(<i>AMPELIDEAE</i>.) (Plate 89.)</p> - -<p> -1. Filaments united with one another and with the petals. Ovary 3-8-celled, -with 1 ovule in each cell. Erect shrubs or trees, without tendrils.<br /> -Leaves 1-3 times pinnate.—Species 3. Tropics. They yield vegetables, -edible fruits, dyes, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental -plants. [Subfamily <b>LEEOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free from each other and from the petals. Ovary 2-celled, with<br /> -2 ovules in each cell. [Subfamily <b>VITOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Petals 5, cohering at the top and falling -off together. Disc 5-lobed. Style very short, conical. Seeds pear-shaped, -with two pits on the ventral face. Climbing shrubs. Leaves -more or less distinctly 3-5-lobed. Inflorescences paniculate, often with -tendrils.—Species 1 (<i>V. vinifera</i> L., grape-vine). North Africa, also -cultivated in other regions. It yields edible fruits, also used for preparing -wine vinegar and brandy, oily seeds, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vitis</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous-monoecious. Petals usually spreading -at the time of flowering, very rarely cohering at the top, but then -only 4. Seeds more or less egg-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Style short-conical or wanting. Petals usually 5. Disc ring-shaped.<br /> -Seeds egg- or boat-shaped. Climbing shrubs. Inflorescences with -tendrils.—Species 30. Tropics. Some have edible fruits. (Under<br /> -<i>Cissus</i> L. or <i>Vitis</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ampelocissus</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Style filiform or columnar, usually rather long. Inflorescences mostly -without tendrils.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Petals 5 or 6, very rarely 4 or 7, thickened, fleshy, persistent. Disc adnate -to the ovary. Style usually short. Climbing shrubs. Inflorescences -compact.—Species 15. Central and South Africa. (Under <i>Cissus</i> L. -or <i>Vitis</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhoicissus</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -5. Petals 4, not thickened. Disc usually saucer-shaped, 4-lobed and adnate -to the ovary at the base only. Style usually long.—Species 150.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some of them yield edible fruits or -tubers, mucilage, or medicaments. (Under <i>Vitis</i> Tourn.) (Plate 89.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cissus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_89" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_089.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_089.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>VITACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 89.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Planch.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Fruiting branch. <i>C</i> Male Flower, the corolla -cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Stamens. <i>E</i> Ovary cut lengthwise. <i>F</i> Ovary cut -across. <i>G</i> Fruit. <i>H</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_90" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_090.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_090.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CHLAENACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 90.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Leptochlaena multiflora Thouars</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_347">{347}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER MALVALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ELAEOCARPINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_139">FAMILY 139.</a> ELAEOCARPACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Flowers in axillary racemes, -regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals 4-6, valvate in bud. Petals -4-6, hypogynous, free, flat at the base, toothed or fringed at the apex, -valvate in bud. Stamens numerous, inserted upon a cushion-shaped -receptacle. Filaments free. Anthers linear, 2-celled, opening by a -terminal pore. Ovary superior, 2-5-celled. Ovules 2 or more in the inner -angle of each cell, inverted, pendulous, with ventral raphe, or one of -them ascending. Style simple. Fruit a drupe with a septate stone. Seeds -albuminous; embryo straight. (Under <i>TILIACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 15. Madagascar, Mauritius, and Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elaeocarpus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CHLAENINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_140">FAMILY 140.</a> CHLAENACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs, rarely climbing. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, -stipulate. Flowers solitary or in panicles, regular, hermaphrodite, each -flower or pair of flowers usually surrounded by an involucre. Sepals -3-5, imbricate in bud. Petals 5-6, free, hypogynous, with contorted -aestivation. Disc ring-or cup-shaped, rarely 5-parted or indistinct. -Stamens 10 or more, inserted within the disc or at its edge. Filaments -free or united below with the disc, very rarely in 5 bundles. Anthers -roundish, opening by 2 sometimes confluent longitudinal slits. Ovary -superior, 3-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Style simple; -stigmas 1 or 3. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a leathery testa -and copious albumen.—Genera 7, species 25. Madagascar. (Under -<i>TERNSTROEMIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 90.)</p> - -<p> -1. Involucre large, calyx-like, 3-10-lobed or many-parted. Sepals 3. Disc -cupular. Ovules 2-4 in each ovary-cell, pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Involucre not calyx-like, either 2-parted or shortly cup-shaped or indistinct -or wanting; in the two former cases ovules numerous in each -ovary-cell. Stamens 12 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Involucre consisting of numerous densely crowded bracts, fleshy. Stamens -numerous. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Fruit a capsule.—Species 5.<br /> -Madagascar. Used medicinally. (<i>Sarcolaena</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcochlaena</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Involucre cup-shaped, lobed, dry.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens 10. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Involucre 6-toothed. Fruit<br /> -a one-seeded nut.—Species 7. Madagascar. (<i>Leptolaena</i> Thouars).<br /> -(Plate 90.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptochlaena</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_348">{348}</a></span>Stamens numerous. Fruit a capsule.—Species 4. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xerochlamys</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -4. Involucre cup-shaped, enlarged in fruit. Sepals 5, the two outer somewhat -smaller than the others. Disc consisting of 5 scales. Filaments -united in 5 bundles. Ovules many in each ovary-cell, descending.<br /> -Fruit a nut.—Species 1. Madagascar. (<i>Sclerolaena</i> Bak., <i>Xylolaena</i><br /> -Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylochlaena</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre of two bracts or rudimentary or wanting. Sepals 5, the two -outer much smaller than the others, or 3. Disc ring- or cup-shaped.<br /> -Filaments not united in bundles.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovules many in each ovary-cell, descending. Involucre enclosing two -flowers, usually consisting of two laciniate bracts enlarged in fruit.<br /> -Sepals 3. Disc cup-shaped. Fruit a capsule splitting to the base.—Species<br /> -5. Madagascar. (<i>Schizolaena</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizochlaena</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Involucre rudimentary or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovules axile, descending. Outer stamens inserted on the inside of the -disc. Fruit a capsule dehiscing at the top only.—Species 4. Madagascar.<br /> -(<i>Rhodolaena</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhodochlaena</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Ovules basal, ascending. Sepals 5. Outer stamens inserted at the edge -of the ring-shaped disc. Stigma 3-lobed.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -(<i>Eremolaena</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eremochlaena</b> Baill.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MALVINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_141">FAMILY 141.</a> TILIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves toothed or lobed, more rarely entire or deeply divided. Stipules -present. Flowers regular. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals entire or notched -at the apex, rarely (<i>Grewia</i>) wanting. Stamens hypogynous, 10 or more, -rarely 5-9, free or united in 4-10 bundles. Anthers 2-celled, the cells -sometimes confluent at the top. Ovary superior, completely or almost -completely 2-or more-celled, rarely (<i>Christiania</i>) deeply -divided.—Genera 18, species 260. (Plate 91.)</p> - -<p> -1. Sepals combined into an entire, crenate, or 2-6-lobed calyx. Petals -with contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous. Anthers roundish, -opening by usually confluent, longitudinal slits. Style 4-5-parted or -wanting. Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. Trees or shrubs. Leaves -cordate. Flowers panicled. [Tribe BROWNLOWIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so. Anthers opening by separate slits or by pores.<br /> -Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Stigma sessile, petal-like, lobed.<br /> -Calyx 2-3-lobed. Flowers dioecious. Fruit 4-winged.—Species<br /> -2. East Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carpodiptera</b> Gris.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-6-celled. Styles 4-6, free or united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Calyx 3-4-lobed. Filaments united -at the base. Ovary 5-6-parted. Stigmas horizontal, laciniate.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_349">{349}</a></span>Fruit with one-seeded cells.—Species 2. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Christiania</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-6-cleft. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.<br /> -Stigmas twisted, almost entire.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Speirostyla</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -4. Petals with a gland at the base, rarely (<i>Grewia</i>) petals wanting. Receptacle -nearly always prolonged into a more or less stalk-like androphore.<br /> -Anthers roundish. [Tribe GREWIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Petals without a gland at the base. Receptacle not stalk-like, rarely<br /> -(<i>Corchorus</i>) somewhat prolonged. Anthers linear or oblong, rarely<br /> -(<i>Sparmannia</i>) oval.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-5-celled, with -numerous ovules in each cell. Leaves elliptical. Inflorescence raceme-like.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentadiplandra</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens numerous, rarely (<i>Triumfetta</i>) 5-10, -but then ovary-cells with 2 ovules in each.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit a spiny nut or schizocarp. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<br /> -Flowers in cymes, yellow. Stigma lobed. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.—Species<br /> -50. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield -fibres, vegetables, or medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triumfetta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit an unarmed nut or drupe. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit few-seeded, usually fleshy. Ovary 2-5-celled, with usually 2 -ovules in each cell. Filaments free.—Species 140. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa and the Sahara. They yield timber, fibre, edible fruits -from which drinks are prepared, and medicaments. (Plate 91.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grewia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit many-seeded, fibrous. Ovary 4-10-celled, with numerous ovules -in each cell. Petals 4-5, small. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers 2-3 together surrounded by an involucre of 3-4 bracts. Filaments -free. Ovary 6-8-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without a distinct involucre. Filaments united at the base.<br /> -Stipules cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Involucral bracts 3, enclosing 3 flowers. Ovary 8-celled. Fruit with 8 -furrows. Stipules awl-shaped.—Species 1. West Africa. The -seeds are used as a substitute for coffee.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Duboscia</b> Bocq.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts 4, enclosing 2 flowers. Petals 4. Ovary 6-7-celled.<br /> -Fruit with 6-7 ribs. Stipules large, oblique.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplanthemum</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -10. Ovary and fruit 4-5-celled. Fruit oblong. Seeds winged.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Desplatzia</b> Bocq.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 8-10-celled. Fruit ovoid or globose.—Species 3. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Grewiopsis</i> De Wild. & Dur.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grewiella</b> O. Ktze.<br /> -<br /> -11. (4.) Anthers linear, surmounted by a two-tipped or scale-like appendage.<br /> -Stamens numerous. Ovary 6-10-celled, with 3 or more ovules in -each cell. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe APEIBEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Anthers without an appendage at the top, rarely surmounted by a short<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_350">{350}</a></span>point. Ovary 2-5-celled, rarely 6-celled. [Tribe TILIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Petals 4, white, shorter than the calyx. Filaments united in 4 bundles.<br /> -Anthers with a two-tipped appendage. Ovary 6-celled. Fruit globular, -spiny.—Species 2. West Africa. (Including <i>Acrosepalum</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ancistrocarpus</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4-5, yellow, equalling the calyx. Filaments almost free. Anthers -with a scale-like appendage. Ovary 8-10-celled. Fruit spindle-shaped, -many-celled.—Species 5. Tropics. Some are used for dyeing -and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glyphaea</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -13. Staminodes 5 or more. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes none.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -14. Staminodes 5, within the stamens. Anthers ending in a short point.<br /> -Petals 5, white. Ovary 5-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Stigma<br /> -5-parted. Leaves undivided, oblong or oval.—Species 3. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cistanthera</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes numerous, outside the stamens. Ovary 4-6-celled, with 3 or -more ovules in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Fertile stamens 7-10. Anthers linear. Petals 4-5, violet. Fruit -oblong, prickly, not winged.—Species 3. West Africa to the Great<br /> -Lakes. They yield fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Honckenya</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens numerous. Petals 4, white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Petals white. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit globose, prickly.—Species 6.<br /> -South and East Africa and Madagascar. <i>S. africana</i> L. is used as an -ornamental, medicinal, and textile plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sparmannia</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -Petals yellow. Ovary 5-6-celled. Fruit oblong, with bristly ciliate -wings.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalonema</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -17. Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves 6-7-parted. Sepals united at the base, -bearing a small horn at the top. Petals 5, notched at the top or minutely -toothed, shorter than the sepals. Stamens very numerous. Ovary 5-6-celled -with 2 ovules in each cell.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratosepalum</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves undivided. Sepals -free. Petals yellow. Ovary 2-5-celled, with more than 2 ovules in -each cell. Fruit more or less elongate, not prickly.—Species 30.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Egypt; one species also cultivated in other -parts of North Africa. Some of them yield fibre (jute), vegetables, and -medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corchorus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_142">FAMILY 142.</a> MALVACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves simple, stipulate. Calyx valvate in bud. Petals 5, adhering to -the staminal tube, with contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous; -filaments united into a tube; anthers 1-celled; pollen-grains large, -prickly. Ovary superior, sessile, 3-or more-celled, or many distinct -ovaries. Ovules inverted. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.—Genera 21, -species 300. (Plate 92.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_91" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_091.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_091.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>TILIACEAE</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 91.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Grewia occidentalis L.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruiting branch. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Cross section of -fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_92" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_092.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_092.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MALVACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 92.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Pavonia praemorsa Willd.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Anther. <i>D</i> Fruit. -<i>E</i> Mericarp cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_351">{351}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -1. Carpels in several rows placed one above the other, one-seeded, indehiscent, -falling singly. Staminal tube beset with anthers to the top. Flowers -with an epicalyx of 3 bracteoles. Herbs.—Species 3. North Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental and medicinal plants. [Tribe MALOPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malope</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels placed side by side in one plane.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Style-branches 10, twice as many as the ovary-cells. Ovules solitary -in each cell. Staminal tube truncate or minutely toothed at the top.<br /> -Fruit splitting into mericarps. [Tribe URENEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches as many as the ovary-cells, or a simple style.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers without an epicalyx, but inflorescence with an involucre. Carpels -opposite to the petals. Hispid herbs.—Species 2. Tropics. Yielding -fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malachra</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers with an epicalyx of 5 or more bracteoles.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Mericarps covered with hooked bristles, indehiscent. Carpels alternating -with the petals. Epicalyx of 5 bracteoles. Leaves glandular beneath.—Species<br /> -2. Tropical and South Africa; one species only cultivated.<br /> -Used as medicinal and textile plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Mericarps winged, tubercled, or with 1-3 awns, rarely smooth. Leaves -without glands on the under surface.—Species 25. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some of them are used as ornamental, medicinal, or -textile plants. (<i>Malache</i> Vogel). (Plate 92.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pavonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit splitting into mericarps. Carpels 5 or more. Style cleft. Staminal -tube loaded with anthers to the top. [Tribe MALVEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Fruit capsular, loculicidal. Staminal tube beset with anthers on the -outer face, truncate or minutely toothed at the top. [Tribe HIBISCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -6. Carpels with 1 ovule.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Carpels with 2 or more ovules, sometimes transversely septate. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>ABUTILINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -7. Ovule pendulous. Stigmas terminal. Epicalyx absent.—Species 20.<br /> -Some of them yield fibre, fodder, tea, and medicaments. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>SIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sida</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovule ascending. Epicalyx usually present. [Subtribe <small>MALVINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Style-branches bearing the stigma at the thickened, capitate apex. Shrubs -or undershrubs.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them -are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malvastrum</b> A. Gray<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches pointed, bearing the stigma on the inner face.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Epicalyx consisting of 3 free bracteoles or wanting. Central column -of the fruit overtopping the mericarps.—Species 15. Some of them are -used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Mallow.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malva</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Epicalyx consisting of 3-9 bracteoles united below.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Central column of the fruit overtopping the mericarps. Epicalyx 3-6-cleft.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_352">{352}</a></span>12. North Africa; one species also introduced into<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Navaea</i> Webb & Berth. and <i>Saviniona</i> Webb & Berth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lavatera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Central column of the fruit not overtopping the mericarps. Epicalyx<br /> -6-9-cleft. Herbs.—Species 7. North and South Africa, Mascarene<br /> -Islands, and St. Helena. Several species yield fibres, dyes, mucilage, and -medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Alcea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Althaea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -11. Carpels completely or nearly completely divided into two compartments -by a transverse partition. Style-branches capitate at the top. Ovules<br /> -2-3 in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Carpels without a partition. Style-branches filiform throughout or club-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Flowers with an epicalyx of 3 bracteoles. Petals red. Carpels numerous.<br /> -Mericarps with 2 prickles at the back. Prostrate herbs. Leaves lobed.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa; naturalized in the Island of Madeira.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Modiola</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without an epicalyx. Petals yellow. Carpels 5. Mericarps -beaked. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided.—Species 3.<br /> -Tropics. They yield fibres.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wissadula</b> Med.<br /> -<br /> -13. Flowers with an epicalyx of 3 bracteoles. Carpels numerous; ovules 2-3 -in each.—Species 5. South Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Sphaeroma</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaeralcea</b> St. Hil.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without an epicalyx. Ovules 3-9 in each carpel.—Species 30.<br /> -Some of them yield fibres, medicaments, and a substitute for coffee, -or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Abutilon</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -14. (5.) Style split into long or rather long branches. Ovary 5-celled. Seeds -kidney-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Style split into very short, erect branches, or simple.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -15. Ovules solitary in each carpel. Stigma capitate. Epicalyx of 7-10 -bracteoles.—Species 9. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kosteletzkya</b> Presl<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Ovules 2 in each carpel. Epicalyx consisting of 3 large, cordate bracteoles.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Senra</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each carpel. Epicalyx consisting of 3 or more narrower -bracteoles or wanting.—Species 130. Some of them yield timber, -fibres, dyes, perfumes, oil, vegetables, condiments, and medicaments, or -serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Abelmoschus</i> Medik., <i>Lagunaea</i><br /> -Cav., and <i>Paritium</i> St. Hil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hibiscus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -17. Epicalyx of partly united bracteoles. Calyx deeply divided. Ovary 5-celled.<br /> -Leaves small, undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Epicalyx of free bracteoles. Calyx not deeply divided.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -18. Epicalyx 5-parted, large. Calyx 5-parted. Trees. Leaves ovate.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_353">{353}</a></span>1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrocalyx</b> Cost. & Poisson<br /> -Epicalyx 11-toothed. Calyx 2-parted. Corolla yellow. Shrubs. Leaves -reniform or orbicular.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symphyochlamys</b> Guerke<br /> -<br /> -19. Epicalyx of 3 large, cordate bracteoles. Ovary 5-celled. Seeds woolly.<br /> -Species 5, three of them growing wild in Central and South Africa, the -others (cotton-plants) cultivated in various regions. They yield cotton, -oil, dyes, vegetables, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gossypium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Epicalyx of small or narrow bracteoles.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Calyx sprinkled with black dots. Ovary 3-4-celled. Fruit readily -dehiscing. Cotyledons not dotted. Shrubs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -7. Central and South Africa. (<i>Fugosia</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cienfuegosia</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not dotted. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit not or hardly dehiscing. Seeds -woolly. Cotyledons usually marked with black dots. Trees or shrubs.<br /> -Leaves undivided.—Species 5. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. They yield -timber, fibres, dyes, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thespesia</b> Corr.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_143">FAMILY 143.</a> BOMBACACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves digitate, stipulate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, -hermaphrodite, without an epicalyx. Calyx with valvate, closed, or open -aestivation. Petals 5, adhering at the base to the staminal tube, with -contorted aestivation. Stamens 5 or more, united below. Anthers -1-celled. Pollen-grains smooth or almost so. Ovary superior or nearly -so, 5-10-celled, the cells opposite to the petals. Ovules numerous in -each cell, ascending or horizontal, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a -capsule or a nut. Seeds with a scanty albumen and a curved embryo with -folded or coiled cotyledons.—Genera 3, species 13. Tropics. (Under -<i>MALVACEAE</i> or <i>STERCULIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 93.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens 5. Anthers twisted. Calyx lobed. Stigma capitate. Fruit -leathery, woolly within, dehiscent.—Species 1 (<i>C. pentandra</i> Gaertn., -silk-cotton-tree). Central Africa; naturalized in Madagascar and the<br /> -Mascarenes. Yields timber, bast, tanning materials, wool for stuffing, -oil, condiments, vegetables, and medicaments. (<i>Eriodendron</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceiba</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx truncate or irregularly 3-5-cleft, with open or closed aestivation.<br /> -Stigma 5-partite or capitate. Fruit hairy within, dehiscent.—Species 6.<br /> -Central Africa. They yield timber, wool for stuffing, and medicaments<br /> -(Including <i>Pachira</i> Aubl.) (Plate 93.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bombax</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-cleft, with valvate aestivation. Stigma 5-10-partite. Fruit -woody, filled with pulp, indehiscent. Flowers solitary, pendulous.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics. They yield wood, fibres, tanning materials, -vegetables, oil, condiments, and medicaments. The pulp of the fruits -and the seeds are edible; from the former a drink is prepared. “Baobab.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adansonia</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_354">{354}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_144">FAMILY 144.</a> STERCULIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, stipulate, rarely (<i>Hua</i>) exstipulate. Sepals more or -less united, valvate in bud, rarely (<i>Cotylonychia</i>) at first imbricate. -Petals 5, with contorted, rarely (<i>Hua</i>) valvate aestivation, sometimes -adnate to the staminal tube, or rudimentary, or wanting. Stamens as many -as the sepals or more. Filaments usually more or less united. Anthers -2-celled, rarely (<i>Triplochiton</i>) 1-celled. Ovary superior, 3-or -more-celled, or several free ovaries, rarely ovary 1-2-celled. Ovules -inverted, usually 2 or more to each carpel.—Genera 28, species 470. -(Including <i>BUETTNERIACEAE</i> and <i>TRIPLOCHITONACEAE</i>.) (Plate 94.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, without a corolla. Filaments united.<br /> -Male flowers without staminodes. Styles free at the base or throughout.<br /> -Trees. [Tribe STERCULIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous, but then, as nearly always, -provided with a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -2. Carpels numerous, in several rows. Calyx-lobes 6-8, yellow or brown.<br /> -Anthers numerous, arranged in a ring.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Octolobus</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 3-12, in a single row. Calyx-lobes 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Anthers arranged irregularly, crowded in a head, numerous. Seeds -albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Anthers arranged in a ring.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx tubular, red. Ovules 2 in each carpel. Fruit with a membranous -rind, one-seeded, dehiscing before the time of maturity. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. Yields fibre. (Under <i>Sterculia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Firmiana</b> Marsigli<br /> -<br /> -Calyx campanulate. Ovules more than 2 in each carpel. Fruit with<br /> -a woody or leathery rind, dehiscing at maturity.—Species 25. Tropical -and South Africa. Some species yield timber, fibre, gum (African -tragacanth), vegetables, edible fruits, oily seeds, and medicaments.<br /> -(Including <i>Eribroma</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sterculia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Anthers 4-5, inserted below the apex of the staminal column. Ovules<br /> -2 in each carpel. Calyx shortly lobed. Ripe carpels woody, winged, -indehiscent. Seeds exalbuminous.—Species 3. Tropics. They yield -timber, bark for tanning, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heritiera</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 8 or more, rarely 5, but then inserted at the apex of the staminal -column. Ovules 3 or more in each carpel. Ripe carpels dehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Seeds winged, albuminous. Leaves undivided.—Species 4. Central<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Sterculia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterygota</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds wingless, exalbuminous.—Species 45. Central and South-east<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber, vegetables, and edible seeds (cola-nuts) -which are also used medicinally. (<i>Edwardia</i> Rafin.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cola</b> Schott<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_93" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_093.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_093.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BOMBACACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 93.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Bombax lukayensis De Wild. and Dur.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower-bud cut lengthwise (the anthers cut off -excepting one). <i>C</i> Anther.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_94" style="width: 321px;"> -<a href="images/plt_094.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_094.jpg" width="321" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>STERCULIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 94.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dombeya Bruceana A. Rich.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_355">{355}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -7. (1.) Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5, free or almost free. Ovary<br /> -3-5-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each cell. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. [Tribe LASIOPETALEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Keraudrenia</b> Gay<br /> -<br /> -Petals distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Carpels distinct, surrounded by 5-10 petal-like staminodes twisted in -the bud. Stamens 10-30, inserted upon a raised receptacle, free.<br /> -Fruit winged. Trees. Flowers panicled. [Tribe MANSONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Carpels not surrounded by petal-like staminodes. Anthers 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Calyx spathe-like. Petals oblong, with a gland at the base. Stamens 10, -inserted upon a long androphore. Staminodes 10, oblong-linear, -glabrous. Leaves toothed. Panicles terminal, many-flowered.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achantia</b> A. Chev.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted. Petals obovate, without glands. Stamens 30, upon a -short androphore. Staminodes 5, ovate, downy. Leaves lobed.<br /> -Panicles lateral, few-flowered.—Species 1. West Africa. Yields -timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triplochiton</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -10. Petals or their lower part hooded.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Petals or their lower part flat or slightly boat-shaped, sometimes one of -them hooded, the others flat.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary 1-celled, with a single ovule. Stamens united in pairs. Staminodes -none. Petals clawed, with a spur-like appendage. Trees.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa. The bark and the seeds are used as condiments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hua</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2- or more-celled, with two or more ovules in each cell. [Tribe<br /> -BUETTNERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Staminodes absent. Fertile stamens 10, united at the base. Sepals at -first imbricate. Petals with a saucer-shaped claw and a lanceolate blade.<br /> -Ovary 5-celled, with numerous ovules. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.<br /> -Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotylonychia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes present.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Stamens united in pairs or bundles. Shrubs or trees. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>THEOBROMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Stamens united below in a ring or tube; anthers solitary between the -barren lobes. Petals with a blade. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>BUETTNERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -14. Petals with a blade above the hood. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Petals without a blade.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Petals with a 2-parted blade. Staminodes short. Fruit with a woody, -prickly rind, dehiscent. Cotyledons coiled. Trees. Leaves serrate.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Cultivated in the tropics, naturalized -in the Mascarene Islands. Yields timber, fibre, a mucilage used for<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_356">{356}</a></span>clarifying sugar, fodder, edible fruits, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guazuma</b> Plum.<br /> -<br /> -Petals with an entire blade. Staminodes long. Fruit with a leathery rind, -indehiscent. Cotyledons wrinkled. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers -in cymes.—Species 3 (chiefly <i>Th. Cacao</i> L.). Cultivated in the tropics.<br /> -The seeds are used for the preparation of cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa-butter, -the pericarp for making a beverage. They yield also fibres and -are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Theobroma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Staminal tube bell-shaped. Anthers in short-stalked clusters of 3. Staminodes -solitary, leaf-like, bent outwards. Shrubs.—Species 10. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scaphopetalum</b> Mast.<br /> -<br /> -Staminal tube ring-shaped. Anthers singly upon long filaments. Staminodes -in bundles, thread-like.—Species 10. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptonychia</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -17. Petals clawed, adhering to the cupular staminal tube. Anthers sessile or -nearly so. Seeds exalbuminous.—Species 13. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buettnera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals sessile, free from the annular staminal tube. Anthers stalked.<br /> -Seeds albuminous.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruelingia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -18. (10.) Stamens and carpels inserted on a long gynophore. Petals unequal, -one of them hooded, red, deciduous. Stamens in bundles of 3 alternating -with staminodes. Ovary 5-celled with 3-5 ovules in each cell. Trees.—Species<br /> -1. Comoro Island. Yields timber. [Tribe HELICTEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kleinhofia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens and carpels inserted on a very short gynophore or without a -gynophore. Petals equal or subequal, flat or slightly convex, not -hooded.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Fertile stamens 5; staminodes minute or wanting. Petals deciduous, -usually slightly oblique. [Tribe HERMANNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 10 or more, rarely (<i>Melhania</i>) 5, but then alternating -with long staminodes. Filaments united at the base. Petals usually -very oblique and persistent. [Tribe DOMBEYEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -20. Filaments free, broadened at the base or above the middle. Ovary 5-celled, -the cells alternating with the petals. Ovules 3 or more in each -cell. Seeds reniform; embryo curved. Herbs, undershrubs, or small -shrubs.—Species 190. South and Central Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants. (Including <i>Mahernia</i> L.) [Subtribe <small>HERMANNINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hermannia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united below, not broadened above. Ovary 5-celled, the cells -opposite to the petals, or 1-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds elliptical; -embryo straight. [Subtribe <small>MELOCHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Ovary 1-celled. Style 1, simple; stigma penicillate.—Species 2. Tropical -and South Africa and Canary Islands. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Waltheria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 5-celled. Styles or style-branches 5.—Species 5. Tropics; one -species only naturalized. They yield fibres, vegetables, and medicaments.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_357">{357}</a></span>(Including <i>Altheria</i> Thouars)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melochia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -22. Staminodes wanting. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes 2-8, usually 5.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -23. Ovary-cells and styles 5. Anthers 20. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astiria</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells and styles 10. Anthers 20-30, associated in 5 bundles.<br /> -Fruit with loculicidal and septicidal dehiscence.—Species 1. Island of<br /> -Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruizia</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -24. Fertile stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled. Bracteoles 3, persistent. Herbs, -undershrubs, or low shrubs.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -<b>Melhania</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 10 or more. Bracteoles deciduous or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Ovary almost completely 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Petals slightly -oblique, deciduous. Bracteoles remote from the flower. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -3. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harmsia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-10-, usually 5-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Trees -or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.—Species 120. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some species yield timber, fibres, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Assonia</i> Cav. and <i>Xeropetalum</i> Del.) (Plate<br /> -94.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dombeya</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Bracteoles palmately cut. Petals falling off together with the staminal -tube. Leaves linear.—Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cheirolaena</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles entire or wanting. Petals persistent.—Species 8. Madagascar -and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trochetia</b> DC.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER SCYTOPETALINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_145">FAMILY 145.</a> SCYTOPETALACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers in fascicles, -racemes, or panicles. Calyx entire or lobed. Petals 3-16, free or almost -free, valvate in bud, more rarely wholly united. Stamens numerous, -slightly perigynous. Anthers attached by the base. Ovary superior, -rarely half-inferior, completely or almost completely 3-8-celled. Ovules -2 or more in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style -simple. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 5, species 40. West Africa. -(<i>RHAPTOPETALACEAE</i>, under <i>OLACINEAE</i>.) (Plate 95.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Anthers usually opening by longitudinal -slits. Corolla furrowed in the bud, subsequently separating into 5 -or more petals. Fruit one-seeded. Seeds usually without a crown of -hairs. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles. [Tribe<br /> -OUBANGUIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 6 or more in each ovary-cell. Anthers usually opening by apical<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_358">{358}</a></span>pores. Corolla not furrowed in the bud, sometimes subsequently -separating into 2-5 petals. Seeds usually with a crown of hairs.<br /> -Flowers in fascicles or cymes, usually on the old wood. [Tribe RHAPTOPETALEAE.]<br /> -3<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers in racemes. Stigma usually lobed. Fruit a drupe. Albumen -ruminate.—Species 9. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scytopetalum</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles. Stigma entire. Fruit a capsule. Albumen uniform.—Species<br /> -10. West Africa. (Including <i>Egassea</i> Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oubanguia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary almost superior to half-superior. Fruit a one-seeded drupe. Albumen -ruminate.—Species 5. West Africa. (Plate 95.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaptopetalum</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior. Fruit a several-seeded capsule. Albumen uniform.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit long, with 2 fertile and 2 sterile cells.—Species 2. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pierrina</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit short, with 4-6 fertile cells.—Species 15. West Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Erythropyxis</i> Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brazzeia</b> Baill.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PARIETALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER THEINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_146">FAMILY 146.</a> DILLENIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided. Sepals imbricate in bud, persistent -in fruit. Petals imbricate in bud. Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Anthers -adnate. Carpels 2 or more, free or united at the base of the ovarial -portion. Ovules erect, ascending or horizontal, inverted, with a ventral -raphe. Fruit dry. Seeds with an aril; albumen abundant; embryo minute, -straight.—Genera 3, species 25. Tropics. (Plate 96.)</p> - -<p> -1. Filaments much broadened at the top. Anther-halves short, diverging -below, opening lengthwise. Aril laciniate. Leaves hispid, penninerved -with parallel side-nerves, exstipulate. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -20. Tropics. The stem of several species (especially <i>T. alnifolia</i> L., -water-tree) secretes much watery juice when cut across. (Plate 96.)<br /> -[Tribe TETRACERAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetracera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments not conspicuously broadened. Anther-halves long, parallel.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Stamens crowded at one side of the flower. Anthers opening by longitudinal -slits. Carpels 2, free. Ovules 1-3. Leaves opposite, oblong, -one-nerved or faintly net-veined. Flowers in racemes.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hibbertia</b> Andrz.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equally distributed all round. Anthers opening by apical pores -sometimes prolonged downwards into slits. Carpels 5 or more, united -at the base. Ovules numerous. Leaves penninerved, with parallel -side-nerves, usually stipulate.—Species 3. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands. They yield timber. (<i>Wormia</i> Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dillenia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_95" style="width: 322px;"> -<a href="images/plt_095.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_095.jpg" width="322" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SCYTOPETALACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 95.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Rhaptopetalum sessilifolium Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Part of flowering branch. <i>B</i> End of branch. <i>C</i> Flower cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Stamen. <i>E</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_96" style="width: 321px;"> -<a href="images/plt_096.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_096.jpg" width="321" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>DILLENIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 96.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Tetracera alnifolia Willd.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (most of the stamens cut -off). <i>C</i> Anther.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_359">{359}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_147">FAMILY 147.</a> OCHNACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, undivided, usually stipulate. Flowers in racemes or -panicles, rarely solitary, hermaphrodite. Sepals free or nearly so, -imbricate in bud. Petals free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. -Stamens hypogynous or nearly so. Anthers adnate, 2-celled, usually -opening by apical pores. Receptacle usually prolonged into a gynophore. -Carpels almost free, but with a common style, or united. Style undivided -or cleft. Ovules with a ventral raphe. Embryo of the seeds rather -large.—Genera 7, species 150. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 97.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fertile stamens 5. Petals usually white or red. Seeds albuminous.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 10 or more; no staminodes. Petals usually yellow.<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Anthers opening by apical pores. Staminodes absent. Ovary 3-celled -with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. Leaves glandular. Flowers in -racemes.—Species 2. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roridula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Staminodes present. Ovary 1-celled -or 3-celled at the base, with numerous parietal ovules. [Tribe<br /> -LUXEMBOURGIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Staminodes in one row, 5, petal-like, adnate below to the fertile stamens.<br /> -Flowers in cymes.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vausagesia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes in two rows, the 5 inner petal-like, free, but twisted into a tube, -the outer numerous, thread-shaped. Flowers usually solitary.—Species<br /> -2. Tropical and South Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sauvagesia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary 1, one-celled or two-celled at the base, with numerous basal ovules.<br /> -Style 2-cleft. Stamens numerous, in 3-5 indistinct rows. Sepals -enlarged and wing-like in fruit. Fruit a woody capsule.—Species 1<br /> -(<i>L. alata</i> Banks). Central Africa. Yields timber, oily seeds, and -medicaments. (Tribe LOPHIREAE.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lophira</b> Banks<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries 3-15, free, with one ovule in each and with a common style.<br /> -Stamens in 2-3 rows. Sepals not wing-like. Fruit a drupe or consisting -of several drupes. [Tribe OURATEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens numerous, in 3 rows. Filaments as long as or longer than the -anthers.—Species 80. Tropical and South Africa. Some species -yield timber or dye-stuffs. (Plate 97.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ochna</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10, in 2 rows. Filaments shorter than the anthers or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Anthers borne upon distinct filaments, oblong, smooth, opening by longitudinal -slits or by apical pores which later on are prolonged into slits.<br /> -Ovules, seeds, and embryo curved. Flowers in few-flowered clusters.—Species<br /> -3. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brackenridgea</b> A. Gray<br /> -<br /> -Anthers subsessile, linear, wrinkled or warty, opening by apical pores.<br /> -Flowers in many-flowered panicles or racemes.—Species 60. Tropics.<br /> -(<i>Gomphia</i> Schreb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ouratea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_360">{360}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_148">FAMILY 148.</a> THEACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Sepals -5, free or united at the base, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, free or -united below, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens 10 or -more, rarely (<i>Thomassetia</i>) 5. Ovary superior or almost so, 2-5-celled, -with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Albumen -scanty or wanting.—Genera 6, species 12. Tropics and Canary Islands. -(<i>TERNSTROEMIACEAE.</i>) (Plate 98.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers in cymes or panicles. Fruit a capsule. [Tribe ASTEROPEIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Fertile stamens 5, alternating with staminodes which are united in<br /> -5 bundles. Ovary 5-celled. Flowers in long-stalked, axillary clusters.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thomassetia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 10 or more. Flowers in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens 10-15, united at the base. Anthers versatile, turned inwards.<br /> -Ovary 3-celled. Sepals enlarged and wing-like in fruit. Low trees or -climbing shrubs.—Species 6. Madagascar. (Including <i>Rhodoclada</i><br /> -Bak.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asteropeia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Ovary 5-celled. Fruit with 5 wing-like ribs. Tall -trees. Inflorescence terminal, scantily branched.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nesogordonia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -4. Anthers versatile, turned outwards. Stamens numerous, the outer ones -united at the base. Ovules 4-6 in each ovary-cell. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Seeds wingless, exalbuminous; embryo straight.—Species 2. Cultivated -and occasionally naturalized in the tropics. One of them (<i>Th. -sinensis</i> L.) is the tea-plant, the other (<i>Th. japonica</i> L., camellia) is an -ornamental plant and yields wood and oily seeds. (Including <i>Camellia</i><br /> -L.) [Tribe THEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers adnate. Fruit a nut. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.<br /> -[Tribe TERNSTROEMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovules 2-3 in each cell, axile, descending. Styles 3. Fruit, half-inferior.—Species<br /> -1. Canary Islands. It has edible fruits and is used in -medicine and as an ornamental plant. (Plate 98.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Visnea</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules many in each cell, attached to a pendulous placenta. Style 1, -simple.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adinandra</b> Jacks.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_149">FAMILY 149.</a> GUTTIFERAE</p> - -<p>Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, undivided. Flowers regular. Petals with -imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Ovary -superior. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera 16, species 180. (Including -<i>CLUSIACEAE</i> and <i>HYPERICINEAE</i>.) (Plate 99.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary-cells and styles numerous (17-24). Ovules 2 in each cell, one -ascending, the other pendulous. Filaments free. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Medusagyne</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells 1-12. Styles 1-5.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_97" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_097.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_097.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OCHNACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 97.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Ochna Hoepfneri Engl. & Gilg</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Inflorescence. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (most of the stamens cut -off). <i>C</i> Fruiting branch. <i>D</i> Mericarp.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_98" style="width: 331px;"> -<a href="images/plt_098.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_098.jpg" width="331" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>THEACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 98.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Visnea Mocanera L. f.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> End of -a fruiting branch. <i>E</i> Young fruit. <i>F</i> Young fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_361">{361}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -2. Styles 3-5, free or united below. Sepals 5. Embryo with distinct, -not very thick cotyledons. [Subfamily <b>HYPERICOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Style 1, undivided or cleft at the top, or 1 sessile stigma. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -3. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Carpels 5. Seeds not winged; cotyledons -longer than the radicle. Petals usually woolly within. Stamens in<br /> -5 bundles. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe VISMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry, but then carpels 3. Petals glabrous within.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit a drupe. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell. Stamens in bundles of<br /> -3-5.—Species 1 (<i>H. paniculata</i> Lodd.). Tropics. Yields timber, -dyes, edible fruit from which a drink is prepared, and medicaments.<br /> -(<i>Harungana</i> Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haronga</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry. Stamens in bundles of 4-20.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. Embryo with usually twisted cotyledons.<br /> -Flowers in terminal, umbel-like cymes.—Species 35. Tropics. Some -are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psorospermum</b> Spach<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. Embryo with semiterete cotyledons.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 6. Central Africa. (<i>Caopia</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vismia</b> Vell.<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit dehiscing septicidally and loculicidally. Seeds with a long wing.<br /> -Embryo with a very short radicle and longer cotyledons. Ovary 3-celled, -with 2 ovules in each cell. Stamens in 3 bundles. Petals with<br /> -a basal appendage. Shrubs.—Species 2. Madagascar. [Tribe<br /> -CRATOXYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eliaea</b> Camb.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing septicidally, rarely indehiscent. Seeds without a distinct -wing, but sometimes keeled. Embryo with the cotyledons usually -shorter than the radicle.—Species 35. Some of them yield wood and -medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Androsaemum</i><br /> -All. and <i>Triadenia</i> Spach). [Tribe HYPERICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypericum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. (2.) Style very short or wanting. Fruit a berry. Seeds usually with an -aril. Embryo undivided. [Subfamily <b>CLUSIOIDEAE</b>, tribe GARCINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Style distinctly developed. Seeds usually without an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -8. Ovary incompletely 5-celled with numerous parietal ovules in each cell.<br /> -Flowers unisexual. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens in 5 bundles.<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with an aril.—Species 4.<br /> -Central Africa. The seeds yield a fat. (Including <i>Stearodendron</i><br /> -Engl.) (Plate 99.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allanblackia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 2-12-celled with 1-2 axile ovules in each cell. Flowers -hermaphrodite or polygamous.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary with 2-3 two-ovuled cells, sometimes each cell subsequently -divided into two incomplete, one-ovuled compartments. Sepals 2.<br /> -Petals 4. Filaments united at the base. Seeds without an aril. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_362">{362}</a></span>in clusters, rarely solitary.—Species 12. Madagascar and West<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and edible fruits. (<i>Calysaccion</i><br /> -Wight)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ochrocarpus</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with one-ovuled cells. Seeds with an aril.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Sepals 2. Petals 4-7. Filaments free.—Species 4. Madagascar.<br /> -(Including <i>Tsimatimia</i> Jum. et Perrier)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rheedia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-5, rarely 2, but then filaments united in several bundles.<br /> -Petals 4-5.—Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species -yield timber, gum-resin (gambodge), dyes, edible fruits, fat-containing -seeds, and various medicaments, among which are the false cola-nuts.<br /> -(Including <i>Xanthochymus</i> Roxb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Garcinia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary 5-celled, with several or many ovules in each cell. Style 5-cleft.<br /> -Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens united in 5 bundles or in a tube.<br /> -Fruit a berry. Embryo undivided. [Subfamily <b>MORONOBOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-4-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell, surmounted by a simple -style with an entire or 2-4-parted stigma, rarely (<i>Hypericum</i>) ovary<br /> -5-celled and style or stigma 5-cleft, but then fruit a capsule and embryo -with distinct cotyledons.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Stamens in 5 bundles consisting of numerous stamens each. Sepals -nearly equalling the petals.—Species 3. West Africa. The fruits of -the tallow-tree (P. <i>butyracea</i> Sabine) yield a fat.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentadesma</b> Sabine<br /> -<br /> -Stamens united in a tube, the lobes of which bear 3-4 anthers each.<br /> -Sepals much smaller than the petals. Disc cupular.—Species 15.<br /> -Madagascar and West Africa. <i>S. globulifera</i> L. f. yields timber and a -resin used industrially and medicinally; other species afford edible -fruits, oily seeds, food for silkworms, and medicaments. (Including<br /> -<i>Chrysopia</i> Thouars)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symphonia</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -13. Sepals 2-4. Stamens free or shortly united at the base. Ovary 1-4-celled -with 1-2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a drupe. Embryo with a -very short radicle and thick-fleshy cotyledons. [Subfamily <b>CALOPHYLLOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Ovary 1-celled, with a single erect ovule. Fleshy mesocarp thin. Flowers -in racemes or panicles.—Species 6. Madagascar and East Africa.<br /> -They yield timber, resin, oil, fish-poison, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calophyllum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-4-celled, with altogether 4 ovules. Flowers solitary or in clusters.—Species<br /> -2, one growing wild in West Africa, the other (<i>M. americana</i><br /> -L.) cultivated in the tropics and naturalized on the Cape Verde Islands.<br /> -The latter species yields timber, resin, medicaments, and edible fruits<br /> -(mammee-apples), which are also used for preparing drinks.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mammea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -15. Ovary 1-celled, with a single pendulous ovule. Filaments united at the -base in 5 bundles, further upwards in a tube. Fruit a drupe.<br /> -Embryo with a very short radicle and thick cotyledons.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa. [Subfamily <b>ENDODESMIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Endodesmia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_99" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_099.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_099.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>GUTTIFERAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 99.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Allanblackia floribunda Oliv.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Female flower -cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Cross-section of fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_100" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_100.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_100.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ELATINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 100.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Bergia suffruticosa (Del.) Fenzl</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Anther from behind. -<i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_363">{363}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -16. Flowers unisexual. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a -berry.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leioclusia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a capsule. (See 6.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypericum</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_150">FAMILY 150.</a> DIPTEROCARPACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, stipulate. Flowers in -cymes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud, -enlarged in fruit. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Stamens -numerous, hypogynous or nearly so, with a prolonged connective. Ovary -superior, 3-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, descending, inverted. Style -simple. Fruit a one-seeded nut. Seeds without albumen or with a very -thin albumen.—Genera 2, species 15. Tropics.</p> - -<p> -Receptacle flat. Filaments short. Anthers linear, adnate. Ovary glabrous.<br /> -Embryo with thick, fleshy cotyledons. Tall trees.—Species 1. Seychelles.<br /> -Yields timber, resin, and fatty seeds. [Subfamily <b>DIPTEROCARPOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vateria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle raised. Filaments long. Anthers oval, versatile. Embryo -with thin, leaf-like, twisted cotyledons.—Species 15. Central Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Vatica</i> L.) [Subfamily <b>MONOTOIDEAE</b>.].<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monotes</b> A. DC.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER TAMARICINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_151">FAMILY 151.</a> ELATINACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. -Flowers solitary or in cymes, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3-5, free -or united at the base, imbricate in bud. Petals 3-5, free, hypogynous, -imbricate in bud, persistent in fruit. Stamens hypogynous, as many or -twice as many as the petals. Anthers attached by the back, opening -inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary 3-5-celled. Ovules numerous, axile, -inverted, with a short funicle. Styles 3-5, free. Fruit a septicidal -capsule. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera 2, species 15. (Plate 100.)</p> - -<p> -Flowers 3-4-merous. Sepals united below, with a faint midrib and without -membranous margins. Ovary depressed at the top. Flowers -solitary.—Species 3. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elatine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Sepals free or almost free, with a very projecting midrib -and with membranous margins. Ovary narrowed at the top. Leaves -serrate.—Species 12. Central and South Africa and Egypt. (Plate<br /> -100.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bergia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_152">FAMILY 152.</a> FRANKENIACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely low shrubs. Stem jointed. Leaves opposite, -undivided, stipulate. Flowers in cymes, bracteolate, regular, -hermaphrodite. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page_364">{364}</a></span>Calyx 4-5-lobed or-cleft, valvate in bud. Petals 4-5, -hypogynous, free or united in the middle, clawed, usually with a -scale-like appendage, persistent. Stamens 4-6, hypogynous. Filaments -united at the base, broadened in the middle. Anthers versatile, opening -outwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled, with 2-3 parietal -placentas bearing the ovules at their base. Style simple with 2-3 -stigmas, or 2-3-cleft at the top. Ovules with a long ascending funicle, -inverted. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a copious, mealy -albumen and a straight, axile embryo.—Genera 2, species 10.</p> - -<p> -Stamens 5, equal. Carpels 2. Petals without a ligule. Small shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Island of St. Helena. Used as a substitute for tea. (Under<br /> -<i>Frankenia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Beatsonia</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4 or 6, the outer ones shorter. Carpels usually 3. Petals usually -with a ligule.—Species 10. North Africa, northern Central Africa, -and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Frankenia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_153">FAMILY 153.</a> TAMARICACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs, undershrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, exstipulate. -Flowers terminal, solitary or in racemes, regular, 4-5-, rarely -6-7-merous. Petals hypogynous, free. Disc present. Anthers versatile, -opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with basal or -parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, ascending, inverted, with a very -short funicle. Styles or sessile stigmas several, free or united at the -base. Fruit a capsule. Seeds hairy; embryo straight.—Genera 3, species -25. (Plate 101.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers solitary. Petals 5, with an appendage on the inner face. Stamens -numerous. Styles distinctly separated from the ovary, thread-shaped; -stigmas small, simple. Placentas extending throughout the ovary, but -bearing ovules at the base only, later on separating from the wall of the -ovary. Seeds with a boss at the top, hairy all round, albuminous.—Species<br /> -3. North Africa. Used for making salt. [Tribe REAUMURIEAE.].<span class="spc">  </span><b>Reaumuria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes. Petals unappendaged. Stamens as many or twice -as many as the petals. Ovary beaked. Styles short and thick or -wanting; stigmas broadened. Placentas basal-subparietal, cushion-shaped.<br /> -Seeds without a boss, but with a tuft of hairs at the top, -exalbuminous. [Tribe TAMARICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Anthers turned inwards. Stigmas sessile, cushion-shaped. Seeds with<br /> -a stalked tuft of hairs.—Species 1. North West Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myricaria</b> Desv.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers turned outwards. Filaments free or almost free. Stigmas -borne upon a short style, more or less spatulate. Seeds with a sessile -tuft of hairs.—Species 20. Some of them yield timber, tanning and -dyeing materials, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Plate 101.) “Tamarisk.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tamarix</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_101" style="width: 333px;"> -<a href="images/plt_101.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_101.jpg" width="333" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>TAMARICACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 101.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Tamarix senegalensis DC.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamen. <i>D</i> Fruit. -<i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_102" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_102.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_102.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CISTACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 102.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cistus heterophyllus Desf.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (most of the stamens cut -off). <i>C</i> Transverse section of ovary. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed in -longitudinal section.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_365">{365}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CISTINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_154">FAMILY 154.</a> CISTACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves simple, entire. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 3 or 5, -with contorted aestivation. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation, -deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, 7 or more, usually numerous, unequal. -Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary 1-celled with 3-10 parietal -placentas, or more or less completely 3-10-celled. Style simple or -wanting, stigma large. Ovules numerous, usually straight. Fruit a -loculicidal capsule. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.—Genera 5, species -75. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. (Plate 102.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens partly (the outer ones) sterile. Carpels 3. Ovules 6-12, inverted.<br /> -Style long. Undershrubs.—Species 5. North Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Helianthemum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fumana</b> Spach<br /> -<br /> -Stamens all fertile. Ovules straight.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Carpels 5 or 10. Funicle thread-shaped. Petals white or red. Shrubs or -undershrubs. Leaves opposite, without stipules.—Species 15. North<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants; the resin of others<br /> -(ladanum) is employed in medicine and perfumery and as a fumigant.<br /> -(Plate 102.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cistus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Carpels 3. 3<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Style long, usually kneed or sigmoid at the base. Funicle obconical.<br /> -Embryo folded. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 40. North Africa -and Cape Verde Islands. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Rock-rose.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helianthemum</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Style short and straight or wanting. Funicle thread-shaped or thickened -in the middle. Embryo coiled or hooked.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Funicle thread-shaped. Embryo coiled. Leaves, at least the upper ones, -alternate, without stipules.—Species 3. North Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Helianthemum</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halimium</b> Willk.<br /> -<br /> -Funicle thickened in the middle. Embryo hooked. Herbs.—Species<br /> -10. North Africa. (Under <i>Helianthemum</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tuberaria</b> Spach<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_155">FAMILY 155.</a> BIXACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or lobed, palminerved, stipulate. -Flowers in terminal racemes, clothed with scales, regular, -hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, free, glandular at the base, imbricate in bud. -Petals 5, free, rose-coloured, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. -Stamens numerous, hypogynous, free or slightly united at the base. -Anthers curved, opening at the top by two short, transverse slits. Ovary -superior, 1-celled, with 2 parietal placetas. Ovules numerous, inverted. -Style simple; stigma small, 2-lobed. Fruit 2-valved, usually prickly. -Seed-coat red and fleshy outside, hard within. Albumen copious.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1 (<i>B. orellana</i> L.). Cultivated and naturalized in the -tropics. Yields fibres, dyes (arnatto), and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bixa</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_366">{366}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER COCHLOSPERMINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_156">FAMILY 156.</a> COCHLOSPERMACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves undivided or palmately lobed or -divided, stipulate. Flowers in racemes or panicles, glabrous or clothed -with simple hairs, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 4-5, free, imbricate -in bud. Petals 4-5, free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. -Stamens numerous, hypogynous, free or united at the base. Anthers -straight, opening by two sometimes confluent slits or pores. Ovary -superior, 1-celled with 3-5 more or less projecting parietal placentas, -or 2-3-celled. Ovules several or many, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a -capsule. Seeds with a curved embryo and copious albumen.—Genera 2, -species 7. Tropics. (Under <i>BIXINEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Petals large, yellow. Anthers long, attached by the base, opening at the top.<br /> -Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 3-5-celled. Ovules numerous, -parietal. Seeds covered with long hairs. Leaves palmately lobed or -divided. Flowers in few-flowered racemes or panicles.—Species 5.<br /> -Central Africa. They yield fibre, gum, dyes, and medicaments. (<i>Maximilianea</i><br /> -Mart. & Schrank.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cochlospermum</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Petals small. Anthers short, attached by the back, opening lengthwise.<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules few, subbasal. Leaves undivided, penninerved.<br /> -Flowers in compound cymes.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaerosepalum</b> Bak.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER FLACOURTIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_157">FAMILY 157.</a> WINTERANACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, penninerved, gland-dotted, -without stipules. Flowers solitary or in cymes, axillary, hermaphrodite. -Sepals 3, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-10, free or united below, imbricate -in bud. Stamens 7-18, hypogynous. Filaments wholly united. Anthers -opening outwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with -3-5 parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Style simple, short. Fruit a -berry. Seeds with a minute embryo and copious albumen.—Genera 2, -species 4. Tropics. (<i>CANELLACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Petals 4-6, united beyond the middle. Anthers 7-9, two-celled, or 14-18,<br /> -1-celled. Placentas 3-4. Stigma 1. Flowers solitary.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar. Used medicinally. [Tribe CINNAMOSMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cinnamosma</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 10, free. Anthers 10. Placentas 5. Stigmas 5. Flowers cymose.—Species<br /> -2. East Africa. Yielding an aromatic oil. [Tribe CINNAMODENDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Warburgia</b> Engl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_158">FAMILY 158.</a> VIOLACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves simple. Flowers bracteolate, more or less irregular. Sepals 5, -free or united at the base, with open or imbricate aestivation. Petals -5, free, hypogynous or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, -alternating with</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_103" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_103.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_103.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>VIOLACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 103.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Rinorea gracilipes Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamen from front -and back. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Group of fruits. <i>F</i> Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_104" style="width: 317px;"> -<a href="images/plt_104.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_104.jpg" width="317" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>FLACOURTIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 104.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Flacourtia Ramontchi L’Hér.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Female flower. -<i>D</i> Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_367">{367}</a></span> the -petals, hypogynous or nearly so. Filaments short. Anthers turned -inwards; connective usually prolonged. Ovary superior, sessile, -1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules inverted. Style simple. -Fruit a loculicidal capsule with an elastically seceding exocarp. Seeds -albuminous.—Genera 4, species 100. (Plate 103.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers distinctly irregular. Lowest petal larger than the rest and furnished -with a spur or boss at the base. Anterior filaments bearing a -spur, a boss, or a gland. Style thickened and usually curved above.<br /> -Ovules numerous. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. [Tribe<br /> -VIOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers nearly regular. Petals subequal, without spur or boss.<br /> -Style straight, with a terminal stigma. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe<br /> -RINOREEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Sepals produced at the base into two auricles. Filaments very short.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or in pairs.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them yield perfumes and medicaments and -serve as ornamental plants (violets and pansies).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Viola</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals not auricled. Lowest petal saccate or gibbous.—Species 10.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (<i>Calceolaria</i><br /> -Loefl., <i>Ionidium</i> Vent.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hybanthus</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers in clusters springing from the old wood. Petals connivent.<br /> -Ovules 3. Seeds with an aril and with scanty albumen.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allexis</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles. Seeds -without an aril, with copious albumen.—Species 70. Tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa. Some yield timber. (<i>Alsodeia</i> Thouars). (Plate<br /> -103.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rinorea</b> Aubl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_159">FAMILY 159.</a> FLACOURTIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, usually stipulate. Flowers regular. -Petals free, with imbricate or valvate, rarely (<i>Dioncophyllum</i>) with -contorted aestivation, or wanting. Stamens as many as the sepals or -more. Anthers 2-celled, very rarely 4-celled, opening by longitudinal -slits, rarely (<i>Kiggelaria</i>) by apical pores. Ovary superior and sessile -or nearly so, or half-inferior, rarely (<i>Bembicia</i>) inferior, one-celled -or incompletely, rarely completely 2-or more-celled, with 2-8 parietal, -rarely axile placentas bearing the ovules sometimes at the top only, -rarely with a single placenta. Ovules 3 or more, rarely 2, inverted. -Seeds nearly always albuminous and with a straight embryo.—Genera 46, -species 250. Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>SAMYDACEAE</i>, under -<i>BIXINEAE</i>.) (Plate 104.)</p> - -<p> -1. Perianth-leaves spirally arranged; sepals gradually passing into the -petals. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Flowers in spikes or racemes.<br /> -[Tribe ERYTHROSPERMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Perianth-leaves whorled; sepals separated from the petals, or petals<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_368">{368}</a></span>absent.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -2. Inner perianth-leaves with small, scale-like appendages at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Inner perianth-leaves without appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Outer perianth-leaves much smaller than the inner, free, leathery. Style -very short.—Species 4. East and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rawsonia</b> Harv. & Send.<br /> -<br /> -Outer perianth-leaves about as large as the inner.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens 5.—Species 5. West Africa. (Under <i>Dasylepis</i> Oliv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scottelia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous.—Species 3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dasylepis</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens 5-15, hypogynous. Anthers broad-sagittate. Style simple, -with a 2-4-lobed stigma. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers in racemes, -hermaphrodite.—Species 15. Madagascar and neighbouring islands -and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrospermum</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 20 or more, perigynous. Anthers oblong or linear. Style 3-4-cleft -or -parted.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Flowers hermaphrodite. Style 3, free. Fruit a few-seeded, loculicidal -capsule. Low trees. Leaves stipulate. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pyramidocarpus</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Style 1, with 4 branches. Fruit a -many-seeded, septicidal capsule. Tall trees. Flowers in racemes.—Species<br /> -2. Equatorial West Africa. (<i>Cerolepis</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camptostylus</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -7. (1.) Petals present. Ovary 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Petals absent. Sepals 3-6, very rarely 7-8.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -8. Petals more than sepals, unappendaged. Stamens numerous. Ovary -superior.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Petals as many as sepals.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -9. Stamens collected in bundles opposite to the petals and alternating with<br /> -8 glands inserted at the margin of the receptacle. Calyx 4-partite.<br /> -Petals 8. Ovules few, suspended from the upper part of the placentas.<br /> -Styles 3-4. Flowers in axillary spikes.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dissomeria</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens not in bundles. Receptacle without glands. Ovules numerous, -parietal. Style 1, simple cleft or 2-parted. [Tribe ONCOBEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Sepals wholly or partly united, when young, with valvate aestivation.<br /> -Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so, with imbricate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in few-flowered racemes. Calyx -hood-shaped. Petals 5. Filaments free, thread-shaped. Placentas<br /> -2-3. Fruit a capsule.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prockiopsis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious, in fascicles or abbreviated spikes or racemes. Calyx of 3 -sepals. Petals 6-7. Stamens in 2 rows, the outer longer and with -broadened, incompletely united filaments. Placentas 3-5.—Species 5.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_369">{369}</a></span>Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buchnerodendron</b> Guerke<br /> -<br /> -12. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 3. Petals 9-12. Anthers attached by -the back. Ovary and fruit winged. Style long, 2-cleft at the top, with -small stigmas. Shrubs. Leaves serrate, stipulate. Flowers in the -axils of undeveloped leaves, towards the ends of the branches.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poggea</b> Guerke<br /> -<br /> -Flowers polygamous or unisexual. Petals 4-12.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Style very short, with 2-4 recurved stigmas. Anthers attached by the -back near the base. Sepals 3. Petals 5-7. Fruit winged. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers in spikes.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grandidiera</b> Jaub.<br /> -<br /> -Style thread-shaped, simple or 3-7-cleft. Anthers attached by the base.<br /> -Fruit not winged. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers rather small, in racemes. Stigma inconspicuous or slightly -branched. Placentas 3. Seeds few. Leafstalk jointed. Branches without -spines.—Species 6. Central Africa. (Under <i>Oncoba</i> Forsk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lindackeria</b> Presl<br /> -<br /> -Flowers large. Placentas 4 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Stigma (or style-apex) not thickened, slightly notched or divided into -several branches. Fruit dehiscing incompletely; seeds numerous, -minute. Leafstalk jointed. Branches without spines.—Species 15.<br /> -Central Africa. Some have edible fruits or serve as ornamental or -medicinal plants. (Under <i>Oncoba</i> Forsk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caloncoba</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stigma thickened or divided into many branches. Leafstalk not jointed.<br /> -Flowers solitary or 2-3 together.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Branches without spines. Fruit ovoid, beaked, dehiscing by 4-6 valves; -seeds few, large.—Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some -species have edible fruits or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(Under <i>Oncoba</i> Forsk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylotheca</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Branches spinous. Fruit globose, indehiscent, with many placentas and -numerous seeds.—Species 2. Central Africa. Used medicinally; -the fruits are edible and used for making ornaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oncoba</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -17. (8.) Petals 5, each with a scale-like appendage at the base. Sepals valvate -in bud. Stamens 10-12. Anthers opening at the top. Ovary superior.<br /> -Styles 2-5. Flowers dioecious, in axillary cymes. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -6. South and East Africa. [Tribe PANGIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kiggelaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Petals without scales at the base. Anthers opening lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Receptacle (flower-tube) bearing a cupular or filamentous corona at its -margin. Petals 5. Ovary superior. Seeds with an aril. [Tribe<br /> -PAROPSIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without a corona, but sometimes with glands.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -19. Anthers peltate, 4-celled. Stamens numerous, perigynous. Corona short-tubular, -entire. Ovules 6, apical. Styles 3, long. Stigmas not thickened.<br /> -Low trees. Leaves entire, stipulate. Flowers in elongated<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_370">{370}</a></span>axillary spikes or racemes.—Species 3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Soyauxia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers cordate, 2-celled. Ovules parietal. Stigmas thickened. Flowers -solitary or in fascicles or terminal panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Ovules 2 on each placenta. Styles 3. Stamens 5. Filaments broadened -and united below. Corona many-parted. Flowers in terminal panicles.<br /> -Bracts with two large glands at the base.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Liberia). (Under <i>Paropsia</i> Nor.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Androsiphonia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more on each placenta.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Style 1, simple. Stamens numerous. Corona double. Flowers sessile, -in the axils of the leaves or by the side of them, enveloped by imbricate -bracts. Fruit indehiscent. Branches with swellings inhabited by -ants. Leaves stipulate.—Species 4. West Africa and region of the<br /> -Great Lakes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barteria</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 3-5, free or united at the base. Flowers stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Corona double, the outer slit into narrow segments, the inner ring-shaped.<br /> -Stamens 8-10. Leaves toothed. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species<br /> -6. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paropsiopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Corona simple. Stamens 5 or many.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Flowers in panicles. Corona divided into thread-like segments. Stamens<br /> -5. Filaments flat. Styles 5.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hounea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or few together in the axils of the leaves. Filaments thin, -thread-like. Fruit dehiscent. Leaves toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Stamens 5. Flowers rather small. Leaves with glandular patches at the -base of the blade.—Species 10. Tropics. Some have edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paropsia</b> Nor.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Flowers large. Leaves with glands at the base -of the stalk.—Species 4. West Africa. (Under <i>Paropsia</i> Nor.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smeathmannia</b> Soland.<br /> -<br /> -25. (18.) Inflorescences springing from the midrib of the leaves, cymose.<br /> -Ovary superior, many-ovuled. [Tribe PHYLLOBOTRYEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences axillary or terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -26. Stamens 5. Anthers linear. Petals 5. Leaves toothed.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moquerysia</b> Hua<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous. Anthers oval or triangular. Petals 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Style 1, shortly 2-cleft. Anthers oval or elliptical. Flowers solitary or in -pairs. Leaves large, serrate.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phylloclinium</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 3, free or united below. Petals 3-4. Flowers in glomerules.<br /> -Leaves very large.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllobotryum</b> Muell. Arg.<br /> -<br /> -28. Stamens singly or in bundles opposite to the petals. Ovary half-inferior, -more rarely superior. Fruit a capsule. [Tribe HOMALIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Stamens numerous, not collected in bundles. Ovary superior. Fruit a<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_371">{371}</a></span>berry. [Tribe SCOLOPIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -29. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 9-15. Ovary superior. Placentas 3, with<br /> -1-2 ovules each. Styles 3. Leaves palminerved. Flowers in spikes -or spike-like panicles.—Species 4. East and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trimeria</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Style 1, simple, with a capitate stigma. Ovules 4. Stamens 5. Flowers -in axillary cymes.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gerrardina</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-6, or style single and 2-6-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Ovary superior. Ovules numerous. Styles 3-6, free. Stamens 5-8, -nearly hypogynous. Seeds woolly. Leaves stipulate. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 5. Madagascar and East Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Bivinia</i> Tul.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calantica</b> Tul.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary half-inferior. Seeds not woolly.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Style 1, thick, 4-6-cleft at the apex. Ovules numerous. Stamens 12-18.<br /> -Petals scarcely larger than the sepals. Flowers in spike-like panicles.<br /> -Leaves exstipulate.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Byrsanthus</b> Guill.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2-6, thread-shaped, free or united at the base, rarely beyond; in -the latter case stamens 4-8 or petals considerably larger than the sepals.<br /> -Petals persistent.—Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield timber. (Including <i>Blackwellia</i> Comm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Homalium</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -33. Sepals united below. Petals with contorted aestivation. Anthers attached -by the base. Placentas 5-7. Ovules numerous. Styles 5-7, united -at the base. Leaves ending in two tendrils. Flowers in cymose panicles.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dioncophyllum</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free. Anthers attached by the back. Placentas 2-4. Style 1, -simple. Leaves stipulate, without tendrils.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Ovary stalked, incompletely 3-celled at the base, 6-ovuled. Connective -not prolonged. Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals larger than the -sepals. Flowers in compound racemes or panicles. Leaves penninerved.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marquesia</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Ovary sessile or nearly so, completely 1-celled. Connective usually prolonged.<br /> -Sepals valvate or slightly imbricate in bud. Petals similar -to the sepals. Flowers solitary or in racemes, rarely in panicles. Leaves<br /> -3-5-nerved at the base.—Species 12. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some species yield timber or serve as ornamental plants. (<i>Phoberos</i><br /> -Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scolopia</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -35. (7.) Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 2-3 parietal placentas. Styles 2-3.<br /> -Stamens numerous. Sepals 7-8, petaloid. Inflorescences head-like.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. [Tribe BEMBICIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bembicia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Receptacle with thread- or strap-shaped, sometimes partly united appendages.<br /> -Stamens 5 or more. Ovary 1-celled, with 2-4 parietal placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle with separate glands or with a ring-shaped disc, but without<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_372">{372}</a></span>thread- or strap-shaped appendages, or without any appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -37. Stamens 15-20. Styles 4. Sepals 4, unequal. Flowers unisexual, -solitary, axillary.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichostephanus</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-12. Style 1, simple or cleft at the top. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Seeds hairy or arillate. Leaves stipulate, usually gland-dotted. [Tribe<br /> -CASEARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Flowers in terminal panicles, polygamous. Stamens 5-6. Seeds with<br /> -a minute aril.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ophiobotrys</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary and axillary or in axillary fascicles or heads, hermaphrodite.<br /> -Stamens 6-12.—Species 20. Tropics to Delagoa Bay.<br /> -Some species yield timber or are used in medicine. (<i>Guidonia</i> Plum.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Casearia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -39. Stamens collected in 5-8 bundles alternating with the sepals. Sepals -glandular, valvate in bud. Placentas 3-6, parietal, with numerous -ovules. Styles 3-6. Fruit a capsule. Seeds woolly. Leaves entire -or crenate, stipulate. Flowers in racemes, hermaphrodite. (See 31.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calantica</b> Tul.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens not in bundles.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Anthers 10-15, linear, large, subsessile. Calyx very small, imbricate in -bud. Placentas 2, parietal, bearing 2 ovules each. Styles 2. Fruit<br /> -a nut. Seeds very large, arillate, exalbuminous. Embryo with a -minute radicle and very unequal cotyledons. Shrubs. Leaves without -stipules. Flowers in racemes or panicles, dioecious.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physena</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Anthers short and broad, more or less oval. Seeds albuminous.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Ovary 2- or more-celled, with 2-4 subbasal ovules in each cell. Style 1, -simple. Stamens numerous, surrounding a thick disc. Fruit a prickly -nut. Seeds ruminate within. Stipules connate. Flowers in cymes, -hermaphrodite.—Species 5. Madagascar. (<i>Ropalocarpus</i> Boj.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhopalocarpus</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely, very rarely completely 2- or -more-celled, with parietal or axile ovules; if ovary 2- or more-celled, -then styles 2-8, free or united at the base, and fruit a berry or a drupe.<br /> -Seeds not ruminate. [Tribe FLACOURTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Ovary incompletely, very rarely completely 2- or more-celled. Styles 2-8, -free or united at the base. Receptacle bearing a disc or free glands.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 1-celled. Style usually 1. Stamens numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -43. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 10-25, alternating with glands. Placentas -with 1-6 ovules each. Fruit a berry. Stipules minute, deciduous.—Species<br /> -17. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits.<br /> -(<i>Dovyalis</i> Arn. & Mey., including <i>Aberia</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Doryalis</b> Arn. & Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stamens numerous, surrounded<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_373">{373}</a></span>by a ring-shaped disc. Placentas with several or many ovules each.<br /> -Fruit a drupe with several stones. Stipules wanting.—Species 7.<br /> -Tropics to Delagoa Bay. They yield timber, edible fruits (Indian -plums), and medicaments, and serve also as hedge-plants. (Plate 104.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flacourtia</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -44. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, in cymes. Receptacle expanded into a -disc. Stamens with short filaments and introrse anthers. Style very -short, simple or 2-6-cleft. Ovary with a single placenta and 2 ovules.<br /> -Fruit a drupe. Stipules minute.—Species 1. Island of Réunion.<br /> -Yields timber and condiments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guya</b> Frapp.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Receptacle unappendaged, rarely with a disc -but then style distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Receptacle expanded into a glandular-toothed disc. Sepals 5-6, oblong, -imbricate in bud. Placentas 2-4. Style filiform, 2-4-cleft at the -apex. Stipules none.—Species 2. East Africa (Sansibar), Madagascar -and neighbouring islands. They yield timber and are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ludia</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without a disc and without glands. Sepals 4-5, roundish, -or 3. Styles 3 or 0.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Sepals 3, valvate in bud. Anthers attached by the base. Placentas 3.<br /> -Styles 3, free, filiform; stigmas not thickened. Stipules linear. Flowers -in racemose inflorescences.—Species 6. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tisonia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4-5, imbricate in bud. Anthers attached by the back near the -base. Placenta 1. Style none; stigma peltate. Fruit a berry.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in clusters.—Species 5. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands, East and South-east Africa. Some species yield edible -fruits, a substitute for tea, and medicaments. (<i>Aphloia</i> Benn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neumannia</b> Rich.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_160">FAMILY 160.</a> TURNERACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, simple. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, -furnished with a gland or a callosity, imbricate in bud, deciduous. -Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating with the -petals. Filaments free. Anthers versatile, opening by longitudinal -slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled with 3 parietal placentas. Ovules -inverted. Styles 3, often divided. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds -arillate, pitted, with a large embryo and copious albumen.—Genera 7, -species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 105.)</p> - -<p> -1. Sepals free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united below into a distinct tube.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Stigmas nearly entire. Sepals with ovate glands. Petals white. Fruit -dehiscing throughout its whole length. Aril formed of long hairs.<br /> -Trees with simple hairs. Leaves stipulate, with two glands on the -stalk. Flowers pendulous, solitary or in clusters of 3, bracteolate.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_374">{374}</a></span>1. Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mathurina</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas many-cleft. Fruit dehiscing from the top to the middle. Aril -one-sided, crenate. Leaves without glands at the base, but sometimes -with small glands at the margin. Flowers erect, solitary or in cymes.<br /> -Species 3. Madagascar and South Africa. (Including <i>Erblichia</i> Seem., -under <i>Turnera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Piriqueta</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -3. Calyx-tube with very numerous and very thin nerves. Stamens inserted -at the base of the tube. Stigmas entire or obscurely notched. Areas -of the seed-coat without holes. Glandular shrubs. Stipules minute.<br /> -Flowers solitary, erect, bracteolate.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Loewia</b> Urban<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube with 10-15 nerves. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or -trees, but then stigmas divided.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx-tube 10-nerved, with hemispherical callosities or without any -appendage on the inside. Areas of the seed-coat with one hole in each -or without a hole. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or heads.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube 15-nerved, furnished with linear ledges within. Areas of the -seed-coat with two holes in each. Flowers in one-sided racemes. Hairy -herbs. Leaves without stipules.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Sepals thin-membranous, colourless. Petals inserted at the base of the -calyx-tube. Stigmas many-cleft. Ovules 9. Fruit pendulous. Aril -entire. Herbs. Leaves without glands. Flowers solitary.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar. (Under <i>Turnera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyalocalyx</b> Rolfe<br /> -<br /> -Sepals herbaceous, green. Petals inserted at the mouth of the calyx-tube.<br /> -Fruit erect. Aril crenate or lobed.—Species 2, one a native of Madagascar, -the other naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Turnera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals inserted below the mouth of the calyx-tube, provided with a scale -at their base. Stamens arising from the base of the tube. Fruit linear.<br /> -Seeds in one row.—Species 8. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Plate<br /> -105.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wormskioldia</b> Schum. & Thonn.<br /> -<br /> -Petals inserted at the mouth of the calyx-tube, unappendaged. Stamens -adnate to the tube at their base. Fruit oblong or oval. Seeds in -several rows.—Species 3. East Africa. (Under <i>Wormskioldia</i> Schum.<br /> -& Thonn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Streptopetalum</b> Hochst.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_161">FAMILY 161.</a> PASSIFLORACEAE</p> - -<p>Usually tendril-bearing plants. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular. -Sepals 4-6, imbricate in bud. Petals as many, free, imbricate in bud, -more rarely wanting. Receptacle produced into a corona which is -sometimes divided into separate scales, rarely without any appendage. -Stamens 4-10, as many as and alternate with the petals or twice as many. -Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled, -with 3, rarely 4-5 parietal placentas and numerous inverted ovules. -Seeds arillate, with a pitted or furrowed testa and a fleshy -albumen.—Genera 8, species 75. (Plate 106.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_105" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_105.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_105.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>TURNERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 105.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Wormskioldia lobata Urb.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Whole plant. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of ovary. -<i>D</i> Seed with aril. <i>E</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_106" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_106.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_106.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PASSIFLORACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 106.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Tendril. <i>C</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Cluster of fruits.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_375">{375}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -1. Leaves compound: 2-3-foliolate or pinnate. Shrubs. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Stamens 5-10, free from the short gynophore. Anthers -attached by the back.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Leaves simple: entire, toothed, lobed, or cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Corona formed of numerous threads springing from the base of the calyx.<br /> -Petals 4-5, resembling the sepals. Stamens united at base. Style<br /> -3-5-cleft. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule. Stem climbing.<br /> -Leaflets in 1-2 pairs. Flowers in cymes.—Species 6. West Africa -and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Deidamia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Corona none, but a disc within the stamens present. Petals 5, much -exceeding the sepals. Fertile stamens 5, free, alternating with 5 staminodes.<br /> -Style simple. Ovules 10-12. Leaflets in 4-5 pairs. Flowers -in panicles.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Donaldsonia</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -3. Fertile stamens twice as many as the sepals or petals, 6-8. Corona -formed of one row of threads. Ovary almost sessile, with 4 placentas -and 4 subsessile stigmas. Shrubs.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schlechterina</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens as many as the sepals or petals.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Fertile stamens alternating with as many staminodes. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Petals 5. Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens not alternating with staminodes.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped. Sepals ovate. Petals ovate, larger than the -sepals. Corona formed of one row of threads. Staminodes tooth-shaped.<br /> -Ovary seated in the centre of the disc. Stigma entire. Climbing, -tendril-bearing shrubs. Leaves oblong.—Species 1. Northern<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crossostemma</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube bell- or funnel-shaped. Sepals oblong. Petals linear-oblong, -much smaller than the sepals. Corona none. Staminodes awl-shaped.<br /> -Anthers affixed by the back, near the base, and surmounted by a -prolonged, awl-shaped connective. Stamens free from the short gynophore.<br /> -Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a berry. Erect herbs without tendrils.<br /> -Leaves linear-lanceolate.—Species 1. Southern West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Machadoa</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -6. Stamens adnate to the gynophore. Anthers affixed by the back, at first -turned inwards, later on outwards. Styles 3 or style single and 3-cleft.<br /> -Corona present. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit a berry.—Species<br /> -8. One of them a native of Madagascar, the others cultivated and -sometimes naturalized in the tropics and the Canary Islands. They -yield edible fruits, drinks, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental -plants. “Passion-flower.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Passiflora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens free from the gynophore, or no gynophore present. Anthers -affixed by the base or between its lobes, opening inwards or laterally.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_376">{376}</a></span>Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped. Corona triple. Style<br /> -3-cleft. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in 2-3-flowered cymes.—Species<br /> -15. Central and South Africa. (Including <i>Basananthe</i> Peyr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tryphostemma</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite or polygamous, but then without<br /> -a corona. Petals 4-6. Corona simple, double, or wanting. Leaves -with 1-3 glands at the base.—Species 40. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some are poisonous, others have edible fruits or are used in -medicine. (<i>Modecca</i> Lam., including <i>Echinothamnus</i> Engl., <i>Jaeggia</i><br /> -Schinz, <i>Keramanthus</i> Hook. fil., <i>Ophiocaulon</i> Hook. fil., and <i>Paschanthus</i><br /> -Burch.) (Plate 106.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenia</b> Forsk.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_162">FAMILY 162.</a> ACHARIACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided or lobed, without -stipules. Flowers regular, 3-5-merous, monoecious, solitary or -fascicled, axillary, the male sometimes in racemes. Sepals free, at -least in the female flowers, imbricate or open in bud. Petals united -below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternating with the -corolla-lobes, affixed to the corolla. Anthers adnate, opening inwards. -Receptacle produced into a corona formed of 3-5 scales which are -inserted at the base of the corolla and alternate with the stamens. -Ovary superior, sessile or short-stalked, 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal -placentas bearing 2 or more inverted ovules each. Style 3-10-cleft. -Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a sometimes adnate aril, a pitted or -wrinkled testa, a copious albumen, and a straight embryo.—Genera 3, -species 3. South Africa. (Under <i>PASSIFLORACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stem twining. Leaves 5-7-lobed. Flowers 4-5-merous, the male in -racemes, the female solitary. Sepals of the male flowers linear. Stamens -inserted at the base of the corolla. Anthers cohering. Corona formed -of linear or oblong scales. Ovary short-stalked, oblong. Style-branches -twice as many as placentas. Fruit linear. Aril adnate to the wrinkled -testa.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratiosicyos</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect or underground. Leaves 3-lobed or undivided. Flowers -solitary or fascicled. Stamens inserted in the tube or at the throat -of the corolla. Aril free from the pitted testa.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Aboveground stem erect or ascending, woody at the base. Leaves 3-lobed.<br /> -Flowers 3-4-merous. Sepals oblong or ovate, free. Anthers -with a broad connective. Ovary sessile, subglobose. Ovules few, -usually 6-8. Style-branches twice as many as placentas.—Species 1.<br /> -Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acharia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Aboveground stem wanting. Leaves undivided. Flowers solitary, 5-merous.<br /> -Sepals linear, adnate to the corolla. Stamens inserted at the -throat of the corolla. Anthers with a narrow connective. Ovary -short-stalked, oblong. Ovules numerous. Style-branches as many as -placentas. Fruit elliptical.—Species 1. Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guthriea</b> Bolus<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_377">{377}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER PAPAYINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_163">FAMILY 163.</a> CARICACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees with a milky juice. Leaves alternate, usually crowded at the top -of the stem, palmately lobed or divided, without stipules. Flowers, at -least the male ones, panicled, 5-merous, unisexual or polygamous. Petals -united below, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10, inserted in the -tube of the corolla. Anthers turned inwards, with a prolonged -connective. Ovary superior, 1-or 5-celled. Ovules numerous, parietal, -inverted. Style simple with 5 stigmas, or 5-to many-cleft. Fruit a -berry. Seeds albuminous, with a double coat, succulent outside, woody -within.—Genera 2, species 3. Tropics. (<i>PAPAYACEAE</i>, under -<i>PASSIFLORACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Filaments free. Ovary 1-celled. Stigmas branched. Stem unarmed, -simple or scantily branched.—Species 1 (<i>C. Papaya</i> L., papaw-tree).<br /> -Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics. It yields edible -fruits, medicaments, and substitutes for soap and tobacco. The juice -of the stem is poisonous, that of the leaves is used for rendering meat -tender. (<i>Papaya</i> Tourn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united below. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas undivided. Stem -branched, prickly. Species 2. Central Africa. (Under <i>Jacaratia</i><br /> -Marcgr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cylicomorpha</b> Urban<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER LOASINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_164">FAMILY 164.</a> LOASACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves alternate, toothed or lobed, without stipules. Flowers in -cymes, regular, 5-merous, hermaphrodite. Sepals open in bud, becoming -wing-like after flowering. Petals shorter, free, concave, with imbricate -or contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous, collected in 5 bundles -opposite to the petals, alternating with glandular scales bearing each -two staminodes on their inner surface. Ovary inferior, unequally -2-celled, the larger cell with two ovules, the smaller with one. Ovules -descending, inverted. Style simple or 3-cleft. Fruit dry, indehiscent. -Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kissenia</b> R. Br.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BEGONIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_165">FAMILY 165.</a> BEGONIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, simple or palmately compound, usually oblique, -stipulate. Flowers in cymes, monoecious. Perianth simple, of 2-5, very -rarely 6-9 free segments. Stamens numerous. Anthers basifixed. Ovary -inferior, completely or almost completely 2-6-celled, usually winged. -Placentas attached to the inner angle of the cells or to the partitions. -Ovules numerous, inverted. Styles 2-6, free or united at the base, -usually cleft. Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry. Seeds very numerous, -minute, with a striate or netted testa, exalbuminous. (Plate 107.)<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_378">{378}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 110. Tropical and South Africa. Some species are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants or as vegetables. (Including <i>Mezierea</i><br /> -Gaud.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Begonia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ANCISTROCLADINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_166">FAMILY 166.</a> ANCISTROCLADACEAE</p> - -<p>Climbing, tendril-bearing shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, with -small, deciduous stipules. Flowers in racemes or panicles, regular, -hermaphrodite. Sepals unequal, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, united at the -base, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10, rarely 9. Filaments united -at the base, short. Anthers basifixed, opening inwards by longitudinal -slits. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, basal, half-inverted. Style -simple with 3 stigmas or 3-cleft. Fruit a nut surmounted by the -enlarged, wing-like sepals. Seeds with a thin testa, a repeatedly folded -albumen, and a straight embryo. (Under <i>DIPTEROCARPACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ancistrocladus</b> Wall.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER OPUNTIALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_167">FAMILY 167.</a> CACTACEAE</p> - -<p>Succulent plants with a thickened, usually jointed and spiny stem. -Leaves mostly scale-like, often deciduous. Flowers solitary or in -clusters, hermaphrodite. Perianth of 8 or more segments not distinctly -differentiated into sepals and petals. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening -inwards or laterally. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with several parietal -placentas. Ovules inverted. Style simple, with several stigmas. Fruit a -berry. Seeds albuminous; embryo curved.—Genera 5, species 13.</p> - -<p> -1. Leaves well-developed. Stem not jointed. Spines not barbed. Perianth -wheel-shaped. Ovules few, not enveloped by the short funicle. Cotyledons -intertwisted.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.<br /> -A decorative and medicinal plant. [Subfamily <b>PEIRESKIOIDEAE</b>, -tribe PEIRESKIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peireskia</b> Plum.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves scale-like or absent. Stem more or less copiously jointed. Cotyledons -not intertwisted.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Plants destitute of barbed spines. Joints of the stem elongated. Ovules -not enveloped by the funicle. [Subfamily <b>CEREOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Plants bearing barbed spines, at least upon the fruit. Joints of the stem -short, more or less ovoid. Perianth regular, more or less wheel-shaped.<br /> -Ovules enveloped by the funicle. [Subfamily <b>OPUNTIOIDEAE</b>, tribe<br /> -OPUNTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Perianth funnel- or salver-shaped, with obviously united segments. Ovules -numerous, on long funicles. Terrestrial plants.—Species 1. Cultivated -and sometimes naturalized in various regions. A decorative -plant with edible fruits. [Tribe ECHINOCACTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cereus</b> Haw.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_107" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_107.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_107.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BEGONIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 107.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Begonia Favargeri Rechinger</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Aboveground part of the plant. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> -Anther from front and back. <i>D</i> Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> -Cross-section of ovary. <i>F</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_108" style="width: 320px;"> -<a href="images/plt_108.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_108.jpg" width="320" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p><b>PENAEACEAE.</b></p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 108.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Sarcocolla squamosa (L.) Kunth</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower in longitudinal section and bracteole. -<i>C</i> Anther. <i>D</i> Transverse section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_379">{379}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Perianth wheel-shaped, of free or nearly free segments. Ovules few, on -short funicles. Epiphytes.—Species 7. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Hariota</i> Adans.) [Tribe RHIPSALIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhipsalis</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens much exceeding the perianth. Seed-coat leathery. Stem without -spines. Flowers red.—Species 1 (<i>N. coccinellifera</i> S. Dyck). Cultivated -and sometimes naturalized, especially in the Canary Islands.<br /> -It is used for rearing the cochineal insect and as a vegetable. (Under<br /> -<i>Opuntia</i> Haw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nopalea</b> S. Dyck<br /> -<br /> -Stamens shorter than the perianth. Seed-coat hard.—Species 3. Cultivated, -especially in North Africa. They yield edible fruits (prickly pear) -from which also dyes, drinks, medicaments, and sugar are prepared; one -species is used for rearing the cochineal insect.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Opuntia</b> Haw.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER MYRTIFLORAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER THYMELAEINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_168">FAMILY 168.</a> GEISSOLOMATACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs of heath-like appearance. Leaves opposite, undivided, stipulate. -Flowers solitary, axillary, regular, 4-merous, hermaphrodite, surrounded -by 6-8 unequal bracteoles. Calyx-tube short. Sepals petal-like, -imbricate in bud. Petals none. Stamens 8, perigynous, unequal. Anthers -versatile, short, with a narrow connective, opening inwards by two -longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 4-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell, -pendulous, inverted, the raphe turned outwards. Style 1. Stigmas 4. -Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a small outgrowth at the hilum, -a smooth testa, a fleshy albumen, and a large straight embryo. (Under -<i>PENAEACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geissoloma</b> Lindl. & Kunth<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_169">FAMILY 169.</a> PENAEACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or undershrubs of heath-like appearance. Leaves opposite, entire, -with sometimes gland-like stipules. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the -axils of the leaves or in terminal spikes or heads, with 2 or 4 -bracteoles, regular, 4-merous, hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube long. Sepals -petal-like, red or yellow, valvate in bud. Petals none. Stamens 4, -perigynous, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate, with a -thickened connective, opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Ovary -superior, sessile, 4-celled. Ovules 2 or 4 in each cell, all or the -lower ones ascending, inverted, the raphe turned outwards. Style simple -with a 4-lobed or 4-parted stigma, or 4-cleft. Fruit a loculicidal -capsule. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo with very small cotyledons.—Genera -5, species 35. South Africa. (Plate 108.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell, two of them ascending, two descending. Ovary -and style cylindrical. Style simple. [Tribe ENDONEMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2, very rarely 4 in each ovary-cell, all ascending. Flowers in the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_380">{380}</a></span>axils of crowded leaves or bracts. Bracteoles 2. [Tribe PENAEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers in the axils of coloured bracts, crowded in terminal spikes or -heads. Bracteoles 2. Filaments much shorter than the anthers.<br /> -Anthers turned inwards in the bud; cells equalling the connective.—Species<br /> -1. Cape Colony. (Under <i>Endonema</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glischrocolla</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in the axils of foliage-leaves, not crowded. Bracteoles 4. Filaments -nearly as long as or longer than the anthers. Anthers turned -outwards in the bud; cells much shorter than the connective. Seeds -with an outgrowth at the top.—Species 2. Cape Colony.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Endonema</b> A. Juss.<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary and style 4-angled or 4-winged. Ovules 2 in each cell. Stamens -very short.—Species 20. Cape Colony. (Including <i>Stylapterus</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Penaea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and style cylindrical. Style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx-tube short, oblong-oval, somewhat longer than the sepals. Stamens -slightly exceeding the calyx-tube; filaments short. Ovules 2 in each -cell.—Species 6. Cape Colony. (Under <i>Sarcocolla</i> Kunth).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachysiphon</b> A. Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube long, cylindrical, much longer than the sepals. Stamens much -exceeding the calyx-tube; filaments long. Anthers-cells almost equalling -the connective.—Species 5. Cape Colony. Used as ornamental -plants. (Plate 108.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcocolla</b> Kunth<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_170">FAMILY 170.</a> OLINIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, entire, without stipules. Flowers in -terminal cymose inflorescences, regular, 4-5-merous. Calyx petaloid, -white or red. Petals much smaller than the sepals, white, valvate in -bud. Fertile stamens 4-5, opposite to the petals, usually alternating -with scale-like staminodes. Anthers nearly sessile, with a large -connective. Ovary inferior, 3-5-celled. Ovules 2-3 in the inner angle of -each ovary-cell, inverted, the raphe turned outwards. Style simple; -stigma entire. Fruit a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo with folded -cotyledons. (Under <i>LYTRHACEAE</i>, <i>MELASTOMATACEAE</i>, or <i>RHAMNACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 7. South and Central Africa. Some species yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Olinia</b> Thunb.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_171">FAMILY 171.</a> THYMELAEACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves entire, without stipules. Flowers 4-5-merous. Sepals petaloid. -Petals usually present. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals, -4, or twice as many, 8 or 10. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. -Ovary superior, 1-5-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted, -with a ventral raphe. Style simple; stigma entire. Fruit a drupe or a -nut. Embryo large, straight.—Genera 17, species 250. (Plate 109.)</p> - -<p> -1. Receptacle flat. Sepals free. Petals none, but 4-10 scales placed singly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_381">{381}</a></span>or in pairs opposite to the sepals. Stamens 8-10, hypogynous. Ovary<br /> -4-5-celled. Low trees. Leaves alternate, dotted beneath. Flowers -solitary or fascicled, axillary, white.—Species 7. West Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Makokoa</i> Baill.) [Subfamily <b>OCTOLEPIDIOIDEAE</b>, tribe<br /> -OCTOLEPIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Octolepis</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle concave. Sepals united. Stamens perigynous. Ovary 1-2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 2-celled, surrounded by a disc. Petals none. Stamens 8-10.<br /> -Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers in umbels, -yellowish-green.—Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>PHALERIOIDEAE</b>, tribe PEDDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peddiea</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled. [Subfamily <b>THYMELAEOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Petals present, usually smaller than the sepals and 2-parted, sometimes -united into a ring.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Petals none, but sometimes 8 or more scales present, inserted below the -stamens, and usually alternating with them. Stamens 8-10.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx-tube constricted and jointed above the ovary, the upper part falling -off after flowering. Fruit with a membranous exocarp. [Tribe<br /> -GNIDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube not jointed, persisting in fruit or falling off as a whole. Fruit -with a hard or fleshy exocarp. Stamens 8-10. [Tribe DICRANOLEPIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens 4, inserted in the upper part of the calyx-tube, nearly sessile, -with a broadened connective. Petals thick-fleshy, surrounded by -hairs. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves small, leathery. Flowers -solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves.—Species 25. South and<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Struthiola</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8 or 10, in two whorls very distant from each other and inserted -in the upper part of the calyx-tube and at the throat. Trees, shrubs, or -undershrubs. Flowers in heads, more rarely arranged spike-like in the -axils of the upper leaves.—Species 125. Southern and tropical Africa.<br /> -Some species are used as ornamental, medicinal, or textile plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Arthrosolen</i> Mey. and <i>Lasiosiphon</i> Frees)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gnidia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals united into a ring. Stamens 10. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Petals free, 2-partite. Leaves herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals united into a nearly entire ring. Ovary short-stalked, surrounded -at the base by a cup-shaped or slashed disc. Flowers in few-flowered -axillary clusters or in short terminal racemes.—Species 6. Central<br /> -Africa to Delagoa Bay.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synaptolepis</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Petals united into a slashed ring. Ovary sessile. Disc none. Flowers -in long-stalked spikes or heads.—Species 2. Madagascar and Comoro<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stephanodaphne</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers 4-merous. Petals thickish, almost erect. Staminal whorls -remote from each other. Anthers nearly sessile, slightly exserted. Disc<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_382">{382}</a></span>none. Ovary sessile, hairy. Style included. Shrubs. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Flowers in terminal umbels.—Species 1. East and South-east<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Englerodaphne</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Petals thin, spreading. Staminal whorls approximate.<br /> -Anthers more or less exserted. Disc cup-shaped. Ovary short-stalked.<br /> -Style long. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or in -pairs, axillary.—Species 25. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicranolepis</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -9. (3.) Stamens 10, inserted at or below the middle of the long, narrowly -funnel-shaped, not jointed calyx-tube at the same level. Filaments -short, unequal in length. Anthers included. Corona none. Disc -ring- or saucer-shaped. Ovary sessile. Style short. Twining shrubs.<br /> -Leaves opposite or nearly so, leathery. Flowers in axillary clusters, -greenish-yellow.—Species 2. West Africa. [Tribe CRATEROSIPHONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craterosiphon</b> Engl. & Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the throat or the upper part of the calyx-tube; in the -latter case calyx-tube wide or jointed. [Tribe DAPHNEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Calyx-tube bearing in its upper part a corona of 8 or more scales, jointed -above the ovary, the lower part persistent in fruit. Flowers 4-merous.<br /> -Filaments thread-like. Anthers exserted. Ovary sessile. Fruit dry.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves small, leathery, sometimes needle-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube without a corona, but sometimes the ovary surrounded at -the base by a disc or by several glands.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Flowers solitary, white or reddish. Sepals equal in length. Corona -inserted in the middle of the calyx-tube.—Species 5. South Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptadenia</b> Meissn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in fascicles or heads. Corona inserted next to the throat of the -calyx, and formed of 8 scales which alternate with the stamens.—Species<br /> -20. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Plate 109.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachnaea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx-tube constricted and jointed above the ovary, the upper part, -rarely the whole calyx, falling off after flowering.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube not jointed, persistent in fruit or falling off as a whole, the -segments sometimes falling off singly. Filaments and style short.<br /> -Flowers 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -13. Filaments very short. Staminal whorls widely separated. Disc minute or -wanting. (See 5.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gnidia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments long. Staminal whorls approximate, rarely somewhat distant, -but then disc distinctly developed. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers 5-merous. Segments of the calyx much shorter than the tube.<br /> -Disc saucer-shaped, lobed. Ovary hairy. Fruit dry. Seeds without -albumen. Flowers in terminal heads.—Species 6. South Africa -and Madagascar. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dais</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-merous. Segments of the calyx nearly as long as the tube.<br /> -Disc none. Ovary glabrous. Seeds with a copious albumen. Leaves -opposite. Flowers solitary and axillary, or in terminal spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Fruit fleshy. Calyx-tube short, urn-shaped.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chymococca</b> Meissn.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_109" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_109.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_109.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>THYMELAEACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 109.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Lachnaea filamentosa (L. fil.) Gilg</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (the hairs are -omitted).</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_110" style="width: 317px;"> -<a href="images/plt_110.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_110.jpg" width="317" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LYTHRACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 110.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Nesaea floribunda Sond.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower without the petals, cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> -Petal. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_383">{383}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Fruit dry.—Species 7. South Africa. Some species yield dyes or serve -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Passerina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Disc hypogynous, consisting of 1-4, usually 4, free or partly united, -narrow, almost thread-shaped scales. Calyx-tube long; segments -deciduous. Ovary hairy. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal -racemes or spikes, hermaphrodite.—Species 1. Naturalized in the<br /> -Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wikstroemia</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Disc minute and ring-shaped, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Fruit a drupe. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube long. Stigma large.<br /> -Shrubs or trees. Flowers in heads, racemes, or panicles.—Species 4.<br /> -North Africa. Poisonous plants yielding bast-fibres, tanning and -dyeing materials, and medicaments; they also serve as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daphne</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a nut. Disc none. Ovary short-stalked. Herbs, undershrubs, or -shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary.—Species<br /> -10. North Africa. Some species are used as medicinal or -fibre-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thymelaea</b> Endl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_172">FAMILY 172.</a> ELAEAGNACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, covered with scaly hairs. Leaves alternate, entire, -without stipules. Flowers in axillary fascicles or racemes, 4-merous, -very rarely 5-8-merous, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx white or -yellow within, valvate in bud. Petals none. Stamens perigynous, as many -as and alternate with the sepals. Filaments very short. Anthers attached -at the back, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, but tightly -enclosed by the concave receptacle, 1-celled, with a single erect and -inverted ovule. Style simple, long; stigma entire, capitate. Fruit a nut -enclosed by the succulent calyx-tube. Seed with a hard coat and scanty -albumen or without albumen; embryo straight, with a minute radicle and -thick, fleshy cotyledons.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Naturalized in North Africa and the Island of Mauritius.<br /> -Ornamental plants yielding timber and medicaments. “Oleaster.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elaeagnus</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MYRTINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_173">FAMILY 173.</a> LYTHRACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves entire, usually stipulate. Flowers 3-8-merous, hermaphrodite. -Sepals valvate in the bud. Petals inserted at the throat of the calyx, -usually crumpled in the bud, sometimes absent. Stamens nearly always -inserted below the petals. Anthers fixed by the back. Ovary superior, -completely or incompletely 2-6-celled. Ovules numerous in each cell, -attached at the inner angle, ascending, inverted, with ventral raphe. -Style simple or wanting; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit dry. Seeds -exalbuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 12, species 90. (Plate 110.)</p> - -<p> -1. Partitions of the ovary incomplete above; placentas not continuing into<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_384">{384}</a></span>the style. [Tribe LYTHREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Partitions of the ovary complete; placentas continuing into the style.<br /> -Flowers regular. [Tribe NESAEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers distinctly irregular. Sepals 6. Petals 6-7, unequal. Stamens<br /> -10-14, usually 11. Disc present. Placenta finally protruding from -the bursting ovary and calyx-tube. Leaves opposite or whorled.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cuphea</b> P. Browne<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves not dotted. Seeds -not winged.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody. Leaves opposite, marked with black dots, rarely without -dots, but then seeds with a thick wing. Style long.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit indehiscent, membranous, not striate. Seeds very numerous.<br /> -Flowers 6-merous. Calyx-tube hemispherical or broad-campanulate, -with appendages at the apex. Sepals herbaceous. Stamens as many -as the sepals. Ovary 2-celled. Style very short. Flowers solitary, -axillary, with whitish bracteoles.—Species 1. North Africa. Used as a -vegetable.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peplis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing by 2-4 valves or bursting transversely or irregularly; -in the latter cases flowers 4-merous and cymose.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit bursting transversely or irregularly, membranous, not striate.<br /> -Seeds very numerous. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals herbaceous. Stamens -as many or twice as many as the sepals. Flowers in axillary cymes, -with whitish bracteoles.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa and<br /> -Egypt. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammania</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing longitudinally in 2-4 valves.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit marked with dense, sometimes very faint, transverse veins. Sepals -usually membranous. Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer. Glabrous -plants. Flowers solitary or umbellate and axillary, or in terminal -spikes or racemes, bracteolate.—Species 20. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Quartinia</i> Endl., <i>Rhyacophila</i> Hochst., and <i>Suffrenia</i><br /> -Bellardi).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rotala</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit without transverse veins. Calyx-tube tubular, rarely campanulate, -with appendages at the top. Flowers solitary or paired in the leaf-axils, -rarely in spikes or racemes of cymes (false whorls).—Species 8.<br /> -North, East, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lythrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. Stamens 6. Calyx-tube top-shaped. Sepals membranous. Ovary nearly -completely 2-celled. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. South-east<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galpinia</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 12-18. Flowers solitary or in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Calyx-tube tubular. Petals small. Stamens 12. Ovary nearly completely<br /> -2-celled. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed. Seeds<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_385">{385}</a></span>not winged. Flowers in racemes.—Species 2. East Africa and<br /> -Madagascar. They yield tanning and dyeing material and serve as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Woodfordia</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube campanulate or cupular. Ovary very incompletely 3-4-celled.<br /> -Fruit opening transversely. Seeds with a thick wing. Flowers -solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils.—Species 2. Madagascar and<br /> -East Africa. They serve as vegetables.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pemphis</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -9. (1.) Stamens 5-6, opposite to the petals and adnate to their base. Calyx-tube -expanded. Sepals lanceolate. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules in a -single row. Low trees. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. South-east<br /> -Africa (Natal).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchocalyx</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-23, inserted below the petals, or petals wanting. Ovules in two -or more rows. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Calyx-tube top- or saucer-shaped, without appendages. Sepals 4. Stamens -inserted near the petals, singly or in clusters of 2-3 opposite the -sepals. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed. Seed-coat -with a spongy thickening at the top. Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers -in panicles.—Species 1 (<i>L. inermis</i> L.). Tropical and North Africa.<br /> -Yields a dye (henna) and is used in perfumery and medicine. (Including<br /> -<i>Rotantha</i> Bak.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lawsonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube bell-, urn-, or cup-shaped. Sepals 4-8. Stamens remote -from the petals, or petals wanting. Fruit opening by 4 valves or by a lid.<br /> -Seed-coat not specially thickened. Flowers in cymes or umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Calyx-tube winged. Sepals 4. Petals none. Stamens 4, alternating -with the sepals. Anthers finally kidney-shaped. Fruit opening by<br /> -4 valves. Style persisting upon the placentas. Shrubs. Leaves -opposite. Flowers in axillary, 2-4-flowered umbels.—Species 1.<br /> -Island of Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetrataxis</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube not winged. Fruit at first opening by a small lid, later on -splitting towards the base. Style persisting upon a valve or falling off.<br /> -Herbs, undershrubs, or low shrubs. Flowers in sometimes head-like -cymes.—Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 110.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nesaea</b> Comm.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_174">FAMILY 174.</a> SONNERATIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, not dotted, without stipules. -Flowers solitary, without bracteoles, regular. Sepals 6-7, fleshy, -valvate in bud. Petals 6-7, linear, occasionally wanting. Stamens -numerous, perigynous. Filaments bent inwards in the bud. Anthers fixed -by the back, kidney-shaped, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary -almost superior, with 10-20 somewhat incomplete cells not reaching the -top. Ovules very numerous, attached to the partitions, inverted. Style -simple; stigma entire. Fruit succulent, indehiscent or bursting -irregularly. Seeds curved, exalbuminous, with a hard coat and a straight -embryo. (<i>BLATTIACEAE</i>, under <i>LYTHRACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. East Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Yields -edible fruits, condiments, and medicaments. (<i>Blatti</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sonneratia</b> L. f.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_386">{386}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_175">FAMILY 175.</a> PUNICACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or -in clusters of 2-5 at the ends of the branches, regular, hermaphrodite. -Sepals 5-8, red, fleshy, valvate in bud. Petals as many, red or yellow, -imbricate and crumpled in the bud. Stamens numerous, curved inwards in -the bud. Anthers fixed by the back, opening inwards by longitudinal -slits. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, with several cells, which are -usually arranged in 2-3 whorls placed one above the other. Ovules -numerous, at first basal, afterwards parietal, inverted. Style simple; -stigma 1. Fruit a berry. Seeds exalbuminous, with an outer fleshy and an -inner horny coat; embryo straight, with twisted cotyledons. -(<i>GRANATEAE</i>, under <i>LYTHRACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. One of them growing wild in the Island of Socotra, -the other one (<i>P. Granatum</i> L., pomegranate) cultivated and naturalized -in northern and tropical Africa. The latter serves as an ornamental -plant and yields wood, tanning and dyeing materials, medicaments, -and edible fruits, from which also a drink is prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Punica</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_176">FAMILY 176.</a> LECYTHIDACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers -solitary or racemose, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-5. Petals 4-6, adnate to -the staminal tube, imbricate in bud, or wanting. Stamens numerous, -united at the base, curved in the bud. Anthers versatile, usually -basifixed, opening by longitudinal slits. Disc within the stamens, -ring-shaped. Ovary inferior, 2-20-celled, with 2 or more inverted ovules -in each cell. Style simple. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds -exalbuminous.—Genera 4, species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. -(Under <i>MYRTACEAE</i>.) (Plate 111.)</p> - -<p> -1. Petals and staminodes absent. Sepals 3-5, usually 4. Stamens almost -free. Disc obscure. Ovules numerous in each cell, inserted in a -vertical ring round a shield-shaped placenta, horizontal, the micropyle -turned outwards. Stigmas 4. Fruit a drupe. Leaves clustered.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 4. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<br /> -Yielding timber. [Subfamily <b>FOETIDIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Foetidia</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Petals or staminodes present. Stamens obviously united at the base.<br /> -Disc distinct. Ovules inserted in rows on slightly thickened placentas, -horizontal with the micropyle turned inwards, or ascending, or pendulous.<br /> -Flowers racemose, rarely solitary, but then leaves scattered.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Sepals 5. Petals 0. Stamens and staminodes united to different heights, -in 4 concentric rows, the inner row partly fertile, the rest barren. Anthers<br /> -1-celled. Disc thick. Ovary 5-20-celled. Style short; stigmas 5.<br /> -Seeds 5 or more. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together, axillary. Leaves -scattered.—Species 5. Central Africa. They yield timber and edible -fruits. [Subfamily <b>NAPOLEONOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Napoleona</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 2-4. Petals 4-6. Stamens all fertile or the innermost barren, -all united to the same height. Anthers 2-celled. Disc ring-shaped.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_111" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_111.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_111.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LECYTHIDACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 111.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Blume</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise (the stamens cut -off near the middle). <i>D</i> Anther. <i>E</i> Cross-section of ovary. (<i>A</i> from -Curtis Botanical Magazine, pl. 3831.)</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_112" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_112.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_112.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RHIZOPHORACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 112.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Weihea africana Benth.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (some anthers cut off). -<i>C</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_387">{387}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Ovary 2-4-celled. Style long; stigma 1, entire or 2-4-lobed. Seeds<br /> -1-4. Flowers in racemes. Leaves clustered. [Subfamily <b>PLANCHONIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary long, winged. Ovules inserted along the inner angle of the cells or -in the middle of the partitions. Fruit a nut. Embryo with distinct -cotyledons. Bracteoles in the middle of the long pedicels.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petersia</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary short, ovate. Ovules suspended from the apex of the inner angle -of the cells. Fruit a one-seeded drupe. Embryo undivided. Bracteoles -at the base of the pedicels.—Species 5. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands. East and South-east Africa. They yield timber, -tanning bark, vegetables, oil, fish-poison, and medicaments, and serve -also as ornamental plants. (Plate 111.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barringtonia</b> Forst.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_177">FAMILY 177.</a> RHIZOPHORACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or -polygamous. Sepals valvate in bud. Petals free, induplicate-valvate in -bud, usually lobed or fringed. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, twice as -many as the petals or more, rarely (<i>Anisophyllea</i>) some of them barren. -Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary completely or -incompletely 2-6-celled. Ovules 1-2 in the inner angle of each cell, -pendulous, inverted. Seeds usually germinating in the still attached -fruit.—Genera 10, species 45. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 112.)</p> - -<p> -1. Styles 3-4. Ovary inferior, with 1 ovule in each cell. Stamens 6-8, -several of them sometimes barren. Flowers 3-4-merous, polygamous.<br /> -Fruit a drupe. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>ANISOPHYLLOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Style 1. Ovary with 2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a berry or a capsule.<br /> -Seeds albuminous. Leaves opposite or whorled, stipulate. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>RHIZOPHOROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers in few-flowered spikes or racemes. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species 7.<br /> -Tropics. They yield timber and edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisophyllea</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes arranged in racemes. Style ovate. Fruit 2-4-seeded.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). Yields edible, oily seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poga</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Placentas usually passing into the style.<br /> -Ovules without appendages. Petals yellow, brown, red, or greenish.<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals. [Tribe GYNOTROCHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior or nearly so. Placentas not reaching to the base of the -style. Ovules with appendages. Petals 4-6, toothed or split, usually -white. [Tribe MACARISIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary inferior. Receptacle (flower-tube) deeply concave, bell- or funnel-shaped, -distinctly prolonged above the ovary. Petals 5-14. Calyx<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_388">{388}</a></span>crowning the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Ovary half-inferior. Receptacle slightly concave, saucer-shaped, scarcely -prolonged above the ovary. Petals 4-6. Calyx at the base of the fruit.<br /> -Seeds germinating in the still attached fruit. Plants with aerial roots.<br /> -Flowers with an involucre of two bracteoles, arranged in cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Receptacle funnel-shaped, prolonged above the ovary into a long tube.<br /> -Flowers 8-14-merous. Petals red or brown, 2-lobed, with thread-like -appendages. Antesepalous stamens curved sideways at the base, -becoming opposite to the antepetalous. Disc obscurely lobed. Ovary<br /> -2-4-celled. Seeds germinating in the still attached fruit. Flowers -solitary.—Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. Yields timber -and bark used for tanning and dyeing.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bruguiera</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle bell-shaped, prolonged above the ovary into a short tube.<br /> -Flowers 5-8-merous. Petals yellowish, irregularly lobed. Antesepalous -stamens not opposite to the antepetalous. Disc usually -double. Fruit 1- or 3-6-celled. Seeds germinating after the fruit -has fallen. Flowers with an involucre of two bracteoles, arranged in -cymes.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carallia</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -6. Flowers 4-merous. Petals entire, yellowish or green. Anthers with -numerous cells (pollen-sacks). Disc obscurely lobed. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Stigma 2-lobed.—Species 2. Tropical and South-east Africa. They -yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. “Mangrove.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhizophora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-6-merous. Petals 2-lobed, brownish. Anthers with 4 cells.<br /> -Disc deeply lobed. Ovary 3-celled above, 1-celled below. Stigma -entire.—Species 1. Tropics. Yields timber and tanning bark.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceriops</b> Arn.<br /> -<br /> -7. Ovary 2-4-celled, adnate to the receptacle by the broad base. Leaves -opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 5-celled, sessile or short-stalked. Stamens 10. Flowers 5-merous, -in few-flowered inflorescences. Seeds winged.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Disc distinctly 8-15-lobed. Stamens 10-15. Stigma entire. Placentas -reaching the middle of the ovary only. Flowers in many-flowered -inflorescences, frequently in glomerules.—Species 10. Tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa. (Under <i>Cassipourea</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dactylopetalum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Disc not distinctly lobed. Stamens 10-30. Stigma 2-4-lobed. Placentas -reaching the base of the style. Fruit fleshy. Seeds with an aril.<br /> -Flowers with an involucre of two bracteoles, solitary or in few-flowered -inflorescences.—Species 18. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Plate<br /> -112.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Weihea</b> Spreng.<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary sessile. Tall trees. Leaves whorled.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anopyxis</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Ovary short-stalked. Low trees. Leaves opposite.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macarisia</b> Thouars<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_389">{389}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_178">FAMILY 178.</a> ALANGIACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers -in axillary cymes, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 6-10-toothed. Petals -6-10, free or slightly cohering at the base, narrow, valvate in bud. -Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more. -Filaments short, free or nearly so, hairy. Anthers long, adnate, opening -inwards or laterally by two longitudinal slits. Disc cushion-shaped. -Ovary inferior, 1-celled, rarely 2-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, -pendulous, inverted, with a ventral raphe. Style simple; stigma lobed. -Fruit a drupe. Seed with a large central embryo and fleshy albumen. -(Under <i>CORNACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Tropics. Used medicinally. (Including <i>Marlea</i> Roxb. -and <i>Stylidium</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alangium</b> Lam.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_179">FAMILY 179.</a> COMBRETACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves entire, without stipules. -Flowers in spikes heads or panicles, regular or nearly so, 4-6-merous. -Petals free or wanting. Stamens usually twice as many as the sepals. -Anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, rarely half-inferior, 1-celled. -Ovules 2-3, rarely 4-6, pendulous from the apex of the cavity, inverted. -Style simple. Fruit a one-seeded drupe or nut, rarely incompletely -dehiscent, usually angled or winged. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera 12, -species 330. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 113.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary half-inferior. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Ovules 2, with a short -funicle. Fruit dorsally compressed, dry, indehiscent. Embryo with -very thick, almost hemispherical cotyledons.—Species 2. West Africa.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>STREPHONEMATOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strephonema</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior. Ovules usually with a long funicle. Fruit winged, angled, -laterally compressed, or terete. Embryo with flat, folded, or twisted -cotyledons. [Subfamily <b>COMBRETOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers with bracteoles adnate to the ovary, arranged in spikes or racemes.<br /> -Sepals persistent. Petals 5. Cotyledons twisted. [Tribe LAGUNCULARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without bracteoles. Sepals deciduous, rarely persistent, but -then flowers in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Leaves opposite. Flowers sessile. Stamens 10. Ovules 2; funicle short.—Species<br /> -1. Coasts of West Africa. Yields timber, tanning and -dyeing materials, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laguncularia</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate. Flowers stalked. Ovules 4-6; funicle long.—Species<br /> -1. Coast of East Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lumnitzera</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -4. Petals 4-5, rarely none; in this case, as usually, leaves opposite. Flowers -mostly hermaphrodite. Funicle usually tubercled. Cotyledons flat -or folded, more rarely twisted. [Tribe COMBRETEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Petals none. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite. Flowers mostly -polygamous. Sepals deciduous. Funicle usually smooth. Cotyledons<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_390">{390}</a></span>twisted. Trees or erect shrubs. [Tribe TERMINALIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -5. Petals absent. Sepals 5.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Petals present, sometimes minute, rarely absent, but then sepals 4. 7<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx campanulate, divided down to the ovary, wing-like in fruit. Cotyledons -twisted. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in panicled spikes.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calycopteris</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx tubular-campanulate, lobed or cleft, net-veined, corolla-like, deciduous.<br /> -Fruit woody. Cotyledons flat. Flowers in heads or short -spikes.—Species 9. Madagascar. (Under <i>Combretum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calopyxis</b> Tul.<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers ebracteate, arranged in heads which are subtended by 4 involucral -bracts. Sepals persistent. Petals 5, strap-shaped. Stamens 10.<br /> -Ovules 4-6. Fruit elongate, spindle-shaped, obscurely 5-angled, clothed -with long hairs. Erect shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, dotted.—Species<br /> -1. Central Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guiera</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers bracteate, arranged in spikes or racemes. Sepals deciduous.<br /> -Fruit winged or angled.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers polygamous (hermaphrodite and male). Fruit 2-, rarely 3-4-winged, -indehiscent. Trees or erect shrubs.—Species 5. Central<br /> -Africa to Delagoa Bay. (Under <i>Combretum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pteleopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit 4-5-winged or 4-5-angled.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Calyx-tube above the ovary very long and thin, filiform; style adnate to it.<br /> -Ovules 3-4. Flowers 5-merous. Fruit dehiscing at the top along the<br /> -5 angles. Climbing shrubs. Lower leaves alternate, upper opposite.—Species<br /> -3. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Quisqualis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube not elongate-filiform. Ovules 2-3; funicles equal in length.<br /> -Fruit indehiscent. Leaves opposite or whorled, sometimes intermixed -with alternate ones.—Species 230. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, arrow-poison, -medicaments, and fatty seeds; several serve as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Cacoucia</i> Aubl., <i>Campylochiton</i> Welw., <i>Campylogyne</i> Welw., -and <i>Poivrea</i> Comm.) (Plate 113.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Combretum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. (4.) Flowers and fruits in globose heads. Receptacle (calyx-tube) prolonged -above the ovary into a stalk. Calyx-lobes 5, reflexed. Ovules 2.<br /> -Fruits erect or spreading, flat, 2-winged, produced into a long beak; -pericarp corky. Shrubs.—Species 1. Central Africa. Yields timber, -dyes, a substitute for soap, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anogeissus</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers and fruits in sometimes ovate, usually panicled spikes. Receptacle -not much prolonged. Fruit not long-beaked but sometimes acuminate; -pericarp leathery or drupaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Fruits crowded in a cone, bent downwards, flat, 2-winged, acuminate; -pericarp leathery. Flowers in short panicled spikes, 5-merous. Calyx-lobes -erect. Ovules 2.—Species 2. Central Africa. They yield -timber, tanning materials, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conocarpus</b> Gaertn.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_113" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_113.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_113.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>COMBRETACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 113.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Combretum racemosum Beauv.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Part of a flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit. -<i>D</i> Cross-section of fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_114" style="width: 328px;"> -<a href="images/plt_114.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_114.jpg" width="328" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MYRTACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 114.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Eugenia natalitia Sond.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Hermaphrodite flower cut lengthwise (most of -the anthers having fallen off). <i>C</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>D</i> Male -flower cut lengthwise (most of the anthers having fallen off). <i>E</i> -Fruit. <i>F</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_391">{391}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Fruits not crowded in a cone; pericarp fleshy or leathery outside, bony -within. Flowers in usually long, often panicled spikes. Funicle smooth.<br /> -Leaves usually crowded at the ends of the branches.—Species 80.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, resin used for -fumigating, tanning and dyeing materials, food for silk-worms, edible -oily seeds, and medicaments; others are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Terminalia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_180">FAMILY 180.</a> MYRTACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, gland-dotted, without stipules. -Flowers regular, 4-5-merous. Calyx with imbricate, open, or closed -aestivation. Petals free and imbricate in bud, or united into a hood. -Stamens usually numerous. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary -usually inferior or half-inferior, 2-5-celled, the cells sometimes -incomplete at the top. Ovules inverted. Style simple; stigma entire, -rarely (<i>Psiloxylon</i>) 3-4-parted. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera 10, -species 85. (Plate 114.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Embryo straight, with large cotyledons. Trees.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>LEPTOSPERMOIDEAE</b>, tribe LEPTOSPERMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Stamens numerous.<br /> -Leaves opposite. [Subfamily <b>MYRTOIDEAE</b>, tribe MYRTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx entire or nearly so. Petals united into a hood falling off as a whole.<br /> -Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior. Leaves of older trees mostly -alternate.—Species 3. Cultivated and naturalized in various regions.<br /> -They yield timber, bark for tanning, an astringent resin (kino), -and an ethereal oil used in perfumery and medicine. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>EEUCALYPTINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eucalyptus</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with 5 lobes. Petals 5, free.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens numerous. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Leaves opposite.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa. [Tribe METROSIDERINAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Metrosideros</b> Banks<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5-10. Ovary superior. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens 5-8. Stigma 1, entire. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteropyxis</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 10. Stigmas 3-4. Flowers in axillary clusters.—Species 1.<br /> -Mascarene Islands. Yields timber. (<i>Fropiera</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psiloxylon</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -5. Embryo with a short radicle and large, fleshy cotyledons. Flowers usually<br /> -4-merous. Sepals separate or indistinct. Ovary 2-, rarely 3-celled.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>EUGENIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Embryo with a long, curved radicle and shorter or somewhat longer -cotyledons. Flowers usually 5-merous. Petals free. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>MYRTINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary in the centre of the receptacle. Calyx-tube contrasting distinctly<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_392">{392}</a></span>with the pedicel, not or slightly prolonged above the ovary. Petals -free.—Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield -timber, bark used for tanning, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Including<br /> -<i>Chloromyrtus</i> Pierre). (Plate 114.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eugenia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary in the upper part of the receptacle. Calyx-tube gradually narrowed -into the pedicel, usually much prolonged above the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals free, falling singly. Stamens inserted upon a distinct disc. Sepals -comparatively large.—Species 8, of which 6 are growing wild in Madagascar -and the Mascarenes, the other two cultivated and sometimes -naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, bark used for tanning, -spices (cloves from <i>J. caryophyllus</i> Nied.), medicaments, and edible -fruits; some are used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Caryophyllus</i><br /> -L., under <i>Eugenia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jambosa</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Petals more or less cohering, usually falling off together. Staminiferous -disc none. Sepals usually small.—Species 25. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, spices, -medicaments, and edible fruits. (Including <i>Acmena</i> DC., under <i>Eugenia</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syzygium</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -8. Placentas in the upper part of the ovary-cells, bearing 1-6 ovules each.<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Calyx divided already in the bud. Seeds 1-2, with<br /> -a membranous coat; embryo spirally twisted, with minute cotyledons.—Species<br /> -2. Cultivated and naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. They -yield timber, an aromatic oil, spices (allspice), and medicaments, and -serve also as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pimenta</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Placentas in the middle of the ovary-cells, bearing numerous ovules each.<br /> -Ovary completely or incompletely 3-5-, rarely 2-celled. Seeds numerous, -with a horny coat; embryo curved, not spiral.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Calyx already divided into segments in the bud. Ovary and fruit completely -or incompletely 2-3-celled. Embryo with rather large cotyledons.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>M. communis</i> L., myrtle). North Africa and<br /> -Abyssinia, also naturalized in St. Helena. It is used as an ornamental -plant and yields tanning bark and an oil employed in perfumery and -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myrtus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx closed in the bud, bursting subsequently. Ovary and fruit usually<br /> -4-5-celled. Embryo with minute cotyledons.—Species 2. Cultivated -in the tropics. They yield timber, bast used for paper-making, tanning -and dyeing materials, vegetables, edible fruits (guavas), and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psidium</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_181">FAMILY 181.</a> MELASTOMATACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, usually with 3-11 longitudinal -nerves, not dotted, without stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so. -Petals perigynous or epigynous, free, usually with contorted -aestivation. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, twice as many, rarely as -many as the petals. Filaments inflexed in the bud. Anthers 2-celled, -turned inwards, usually with an<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_393">{393}</a></span> enlarged connective and opening at the -top by 1-2 pores or short slits. Ovary generally inferior or -half-inferior. Ovules numerous. Style simple; stigma entire. Seeds -exalbuminous.—Genera 33, species 280. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate -115.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary 1-celled, inferior. Ovules 6-20, inserted upon a free central placenta.<br /> -Fruit a berry. Seed 1, large. Calyx entire or 4-lobed. Petals white or -blue. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Anthers short, with a -posterior appendage, opening in front by two longitudinal slits. Shrubs -or trees. Leaves penninerved or obscurely trinerved. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>MEMECYLOIDEAE</b>, tribe MEMECYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 2- or more-celled. Ovules numerous, inserted upon -axile placentas. Seeds numerous, small. [Subfamily <b>MELASTOMATOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Connective of the stamens lengthened at the base. Petals reddish. Flowers -in terminal fascicles. Stem and inflorescence bristly.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Warneckea</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Connective of the stamens not lengthened at the base, but spurred at the -back. Petals white or blue. Flowers in axillary inflorescences, more -rarely in terminal, many-flowered cymes. Stem and inflorescence -glabrous.—Species 60. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species -yield timber, dyes, medicaments, and edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Memecylon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Seeds strongly curved or spirally coiled. Fruit usually a membranous,<br /> -4-5-valved capsule with a convex, usually bristly summit. Connective -of the stamens unappendaged behind, but furnished with two -spurs or gibbosities in front, rarely quite unappendaged. Calyx-lobes -usually large and alternating with bristles or small teeth. [Tribe<br /> -OSBECKIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Seeds straight or slightly curved, rarely strongly curved, but then fruit -bursting irregularly or indehiscent and connective gibbous before -and behind. Connective usually appendaged behind, or before and -behind.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens of two kinds, the larger with the connective distinctly lengthened -at the base and furnished with two spurs or bosses, the smaller ones with<br /> -a not or slightly lengthened connective. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal in shape, but sometimes unequal in length.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -5. Connective of the smaller stamens unappendaged, of the larger with two -bosses. Calyx-tube glabrous; teeth very short. Fruit with a membranous -skin, bursting irregularly. Low shrubs. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dinophora</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Connective of all stamens provided with 2 spurs or bosses. Calyx-tube -usually hairy. Fruit with a membranous skin, but dehiscing in 4-5 -valves, or with a leathery or fleshy skin.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx without accessory teeth. Connective of all stamens lengthened<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_394">{394}</a></span>at the base and provided with 2 awns. Fruit 4-5-valved. Rough-hairy -shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species 20.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichaetanthera</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with accessory teeth outside the sepals. Connective of the smaller -stamens not or scarcely lengthened.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed; skin leathery or fleshy.<br /> -Flowers 5-7-merous. Shrubs with rough branches and bristly leaves.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melastoma</b> Burm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by 4-5 valves; skin membranous or leathery. Ovary -adnate to the calyx-tube by 4-5 longitudinal partitions. Flowers 4-5-merous.<br /> -Hairy, usually bristly herbs, undershrubs or shrubs.—Species<br /> -50. Central and South Africa; one species also naturalized in the<br /> -Mascarene Islands. An intoxicating drink is prepared from the roots -of some species. (Including <i>Argyrella</i> Naud.) (Plate 115.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dissotis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -8. Connective with two spur-like appendages. Ovary half-inferior. Flowers -in terminal cymes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Connective with two bosses or without any appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -9. Stamens unequal in length. Connective much lengthened at the base.<br /> -Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-lobes broadly rounded. Ovary with 4 bristles -at the top. Shrubs.—-Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barbeyastrum</b> Cogn.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal in length. Connective not or slightly lengthened at the -base.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Connective lengthened at the base. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube -pitcher-shaped, glabrous. Calyx-lobes 4, very short. Petals yellow.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphorocalyx</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Connective not or scarcely lengthened at the base. Calyx-tube bell-shaped.<br /> -Calyx-lobes rather large. Shrubs with pink petals, or herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx without accessory teeth. Shrubs. Leaves<br /> -5-11-nerved.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dionychia</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Calyx with 5 bristle-like accessory teeth alternating -with the sepals. Herbs. Leaves 3-nerved.—Species 4. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhodosepala</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx with accessory teeth or bristles alternating with the sepals. Stamens -equal in length. Ovary with bristles at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Calyx without accessory teeth or bristles. Petals red or white. Ovary -more or less adnate to the calyx-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -13. Ovary free. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube glabrous or scantily hairy.<br /> -Petals yellow. Connective not lengthened at the base, obscurely -tubercled. Erect herbs. Flowers terminal, solitary or ternate.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nerophila</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary more or less adnate to the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube usually hairy.<br /> -Petals usually red.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Anthers smooth, oval-oblong. Connective more or less lengthened and -provided with two bosses at the base. Herbs. Flowers in cymes.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_395">{395}</a></span>2. Tropics. (Under <i>Osbeckia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antherotoma</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers with a wavy surface, linear, rarely broader, but then connective -not distinctly lengthened at the base.—Species 20. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osbeckia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -15. Anthers linear. Connective not or scarcely lengthened at the base, provided -with two bosses in front. Stamens usually unequal in length. Calyx-tube -bristly. Shrubs.—Species 15. Tropics. Some species yield -edible fruits and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tristemma</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers ovoid. Connective lengthened at the base, unappendaged. Stamens -equal in length. Ovary glabrous at the top. Herbs. Flowers -solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube hairy. Ovary inferior. Flowers terminal.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. (Under <i>Guyonia</i> Naud.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afzeliella</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Calyx-tube glabrous. Ovary half-inferior.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guyonia</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -17. (3.) Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed; skin fleshy or leathery, -rarely membranous. Connective furnished with appendages in front -and behind, rarely only in front. [Tribe DISSOCHAETEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by 3-6 valves; skin membranous, rarely leathery. Connective -usually furnished with appendages only behind.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -18. Connective with two spurs in front, unappendaged behind. Stamens equal -or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Connective with two spurs or bosses in front and 1-2 behind. Calyx-lobes -tooth-shaped, bristle-shaped, or wanting. Flowers in cymes, -umbels, or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Calyx distinctly 5-lobed. Connective very shortly prolonged at the base.<br /> -Fruit a berry. Herbs. Flowers solitary.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetraphyllaster</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Calyx obscurely lobed. Connective much prolonged at the base. Fruit a -capsule with a membranous skin. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -5. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sakersia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -20. Stamens distinctly unequal, the connective of the longer ones lengthened -at the base and furnished with 1 spur behind and 2 in front, that of the -shorter ones also with one spur behind but none in front. Flowers 5-merous.<br /> -Calyx-tube top- or urn-shaped; lobes short, alternating with accessory -teeth. Petals red. Ovary adnate up to the middle. Shrubs. Flowers -in terminal, few-flowered cymes.—Species 3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicellandra</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal or nearly so, rarely very unequal, but then the connective -of all with 2 appendages in front and usually not lengthened at the -base.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Stamens distinctly unequal. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx-tube constricted -above the ovary, saucer-shaped at the top, entire or nearly so. Climbing<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_396">{396}</a></span>shrubs. Lower leaves alternate, upper whorled. Flowers at the base -of the stem in many-flowered globose inflorescences, composed of cymes.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myrianthemum</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal or subequal, rarely (<i>Medinilla</i>) distinctly unequal, but -then calyx-tube not much constricted and inflorescence not many-flowered -and springing from the base of the stem.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Connective of the stamens lengthened at the base and furnished with a -spur in front and a boss behind. Flowers 5-merous. Ovary wholly -adnate. Shrubs. Flowers in terminal, few-flowered cymes.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Preussiella</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Connective with 2 spurs or bosses in front and 1-2 behind.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Stem woody, shrubby. Flowers in cymes or panicles. Ovary adhering -to the calyx-tube entirely or by several dissepiments.—Species 25.<br /> -Tropics. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Medinilla</b> Gaud.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves opposite; side-nerves -nearly perpendicular to the main nerves. Flowers 5-merous, in -terminal umbels or panicles. Connective with 2 bosses in front and -one behind.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Flowers in panicles. Petals subacute. Ovary in its lower half adhering -to the calyx-tube by dissepiments. Style without scales at the base.<br /> -Fruit bursting irregularly. Seeds curved.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaeoneuron</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels. Petals acuminate. Ovary adhering to the calyx-tube -to above the middle. Style surrounded at the base by 5 scales.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orthogoneuron</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -25. (17.) Fruit and ovary cylindrical or angled, convex at the top. Stamens -equal; connective appendaged behind only, more rarely without any -appendage. [Tribe OXYSPOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Fruit and usually also the ovary angled or winged, broad and flat or concave -at the top, rarely (<i>Calvoa</i>) slightly convex, but then the connective -appendaged in front or in front and behind. [Tribe SONERILEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -26. Stem herbaceous or half-shrubby, erect. Leaves large. Flowers in -umbels, large, red, 5-merous. Calyx-tube angled; lobes long. Petals -produced into a thread-like point. Connective with a thick spur and two -glands. Ovary crowned by 5 scales.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petalonema</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stem shrubby, more rarely half-shrubby, but then decumbent and bearing -small leaves. Flowers in cymes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Stem half-shrubby, decumbent. Connective shortly prolonged at the base, -tubercled or obscurely spurred behind.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phornothamnus</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Stem shrubby. Connective not prolonged.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Calyx-limb divided into 4 large lobes without accessory teeth. Connective -unappendaged. Ovary adhering below to the calyx-tube by several<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_115" style="width: 319px;"> -<a href="images/plt_115.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_115.jpg" width="319" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MELASTOMATACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 115.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dissotis capitata (Vahl) Hook. fil.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_116" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_116.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_116.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OENOTHERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 116.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Jussieua linifolia Vahl</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flowering branch of a taller specimen. <i>C</i> -Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> -Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_397">{397}</a></span></p> - -<p> -dissepiments and crowned by 4 bristle-like scales.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rousseauxia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-limb entire or sinuate, provided with 5 accessory teeth. Ovary -adhering to the calyx-tube all round.—Species 20. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Veprecella</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -29. Connective of the stamens appendaged behind only, not or shortly prolonged -at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -Connective of the stamens appendaged in front or also behind, or unappendaged.<br /> -Flowers 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -30. Stamens unequal in length. Herbs with a thickened root-stock. Leaves -cordate, 9-nerved.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cincinnobotrys</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal in length. Flowers 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Calyx almost entire. Ovary crowned by 5 scales. Erect herbs with -glandular hairs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in umbels.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urotheca</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-toothed. Herbs with a very short stem and cymose flowers, or -climbing shrubs.—Species 15. Madagascar. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gravesia</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -32. Stamens distinctly unequal; connective of the longer ones lengthened at -the base, furnished with 1-2 bosses or spurs in front, spurred or unappendaged -behind.—Species 8. West Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphiblemma</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens equal or nearly so; connective not or shortly lengthened at the -base, usually provided with a scale in front, rarely also with a boss -behind.—Species 9. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calvoa</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_182">FAMILY 182.</a> OENOTHERACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves undivided or pinnately cleft. Flowers solitary or in spikes, -heads, racemes, or panicles, 2-6-, rarely 4-merous. Sepals valvate in -bud. Petals free, rarely (<i>Ludwigia</i>) absent. Stamens as many or twice -as many as the sepals. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. -Ovary inferior or half-inferior, completely or almost completely -2-6-celled. Ovules inverted. Style simple. Seeds exalbuminous.—Genera -10, species 40. (<i>ONAGRACEAE</i>, including <i>HYDROCARYACEAE</i>.) (Plate 116.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary half-inferior, 2-celled, with one pendulous ovule in each cell. Flowers<br /> -4-merous. Fruit top-shaped, woody, indehiscent. Floating herbs, with -filiform branched side-roots and broad radical leaves.—Species 2. The -seeds are edible and are used for preparing meal and medicaments.<br /> -“Water Chestnut.” [Tribe TRAPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trapa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior, 2-celled with one ascending ovule in each cell, or more -frequently 3-6-celled with numerous ovules.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers 2-merous. Receptacle prolonged above the ovary in the shape -of a stalk. Petals white or reddish. Stamens 2. Ovules and seeds<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_398">{398}</a></span>2. Fruit an ovoid nut with a leathery rind, covered with hooked -bristles. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in racemes.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. [Tribe CIRCAEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Circaea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 3-6-merous. Stamens 3-12. Ovules and seeds numerous.<br /> -Fruit a capsule or a berry.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers with bracteoles, regular. Receptacle (calyx-tube) not prolonged -beyond the ovary. Calyx persistent. Petals yellow or white, rarely -absent. Fruit loculicidal and septicidal. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Stipules present, but usually minute and caducous. [Tribe JUSSIEUEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without bracteoles, 4-merous. Receptacle more or less prolonged -above the ovary; if obscurely prolonged, then flowers somewhat -irregular with red petals. Calyx deciduous. Stamens 8. Fruit -loculicidal or indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens 3-6.—Species 5. (Including <i>Isnardia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ludwigia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8-12. Petals 4-6. Epigynous disc pyramidal or cushion-shaped.—Species<br /> -10. Some of them are used medicinally and for -dyeing. (Plate 116.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jussieua</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Stem woody. Leaves stipulate. Flowers regular. Calyx coloured, with<br /> -a long tube. Petals red or violet. Stamens unequal. Fruit a berry.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in some tropical countries. An ornamental -plant. [Tribe FUCHSIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fuchsia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves exstipulate. Fruit<br /> -a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx-tube short, bell-shaped. Petals usually red. Stamens unequal -in length. Fruit linear with a membranous rind. Seeds with a tuft -of hairs. [Tribe EPILOBIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube long, funnel-shaped or cylindrical. Calyx-lobes reflexed.<br /> -Flowers regular. Petals usually yellow. Stamens subequal. Stigma<br /> -4-partite. Seeds without a tuft of hairs. [Tribe OENOTHEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers somewhat irregular, large. Calyx-tube scarcely prolonged beyond -the ovary. Petals red, spreading. Stamens in one row, bent down, -broadened at the base. Style bent down, hairy at the base. Stigma<br /> -4-partite.—Species 1. Canary Islands. Yields tea and medicaments, -and serves as a vegetable and as an ornamental plant. (Under <i>Epilobium</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chamaenerium</b> Spach<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular, usually small. Calyx-tube shortly bell-shaped above -the ovary. Stamens in two rows, erect. Style erect, glabrous.—Species<br /> -15. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -“Willow-herb.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epilobium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -8. Calyx-tube funnel-shaped, rather short (as long as or shorter than the lobes).<br /> -Petals red or white. Fruit club-shaped, stalked, keeled at the angles, -with a more or less woody rind. Seeds with an elongated funicle. Leaves -pinnatifid.—Species 2. Naturalized in North and South Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_399">{399}</a></span>Ornamental plants. (Under <i>Oenothera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylopleurum</b> Spach<br /> -Calyx-tube cylindrical, long. Petals yellow. Fruit obscurely angled, -with a more or less membranous or leathery rind.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Seeds horizontal, sharply angled, with a thick coat. Leaves dentate.—Species<br /> -2. Naturalized in North and South Africa. Ornamental plants; -one species (<i>O. biennis</i> Scop.) has edible roots. (Under <i>Oenothera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Onagra</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds ascending, rounded, egg-shaped, with an appendage at the top.<br /> -Leaves sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid.—Species 2. Naturalized in North -and South Africa and some tropical islands. Ornamental plants.<br /> -“Evening primrose.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oenothera</b> Spach<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER HALORRHAGINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_183">FAMILY 183.</a> HALORRHAGACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided, lobed, or pinnately divided, -without stipules. Flowers solitary or in fascicles spikes or panicles, -small, regular, 2-4-merous. Petals free or in the female flowers -wanting. Stamens 1-8. Anthers attached by the base, opening laterally by -two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, 1-celled with a single ovule or -with 4 ovules, or 4-celled with one-ovuled cells. Ovules pendulous, -inverted. Styles or sessile stigmas 2 or 4. Fruit a nut, drupe, or -schizocarp. Seeds albuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 3, species 15. -(Plate 117.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary 1-celled with a single ovule. Styles or sessile stigmas 2. Sepals 2.<br /> -Petals 1-2, or more frequently wanting. Stamens 1-2. Fruit a -drupe. Seed with a very short embryo. Terrestrial plants. Leaves -radical, kidney-shaped, crenate. Flowers in spikes or panicles.—Species<br /> -1. East and South Africa and Madagascar. Used medicinally.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>GUNNEROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gunnera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled with 4 ovules, or 4-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas 4. Sepals<br /> -4, sometimes scarcely perceptible in the female flowers. Petals 4 or -in the female flowers absent. Stamens 2-8. Seeds with a long embryo.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>HALORRHAGOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 4-celled. Stamens 4. Fruit one-seeded, -dry and indehiscent. Terrestrial plants. Leaves undivided.<br /> -Flowers in axillary clusters.—Species 9. (<i>Serpicula</i> L.) (Plate 117.)<br /> -[Tribe HALORRHAGEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laurembergia</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-celled. Fruit 2-4-seeded, usually separating into mericarps.<br /> -Aquatic plants. Leaves usually pinnately divided. Flowers solitary -and axillary or in terminal spikes.—Species 5. North, South, and<br /> -East Africa and Madagascar. [Tribe MYRIOPHYLLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myriophyllum</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_400">{400}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CYNOMORIINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_184">FAMILY 184.</a> CYNOMORIACEAE</p> - -<p>Reddish-brown, fleshy herbs, parasitic upon roots. Leaves scale-like. -Flowers in terminal spadices, polygamous. Perianth of 1-5 narrow -segments. Stamen 1. Anther versatile, turned inwards, 2-celled. Ovary -inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, almost straight. Style simple; -stigma entire. Fruit a nut. Seed albuminous; embryo small, without -cotyledons.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. <b>Cynomorium</b> Mich.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER UMBELLIFLORAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_185">FAMILY 185.</a> ARALIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually stipulate. Inflorescence composed of -umbels, racemes, heads, or spikes. Flowers 4-16-merous. Calyx entire or -shortly toothed, imbricate or open in bud. Petals free, valvate in bud, -or united into a cap. Stamens as many as petals or more. Anthers -versatile, opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior or -half-inferior, crowned by a disc (stylopod), 2-or more-celled, rarely -(<i>Polyscias</i>) 1-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, -inverted, with ventral raphe. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds -albuminous.—Genera 8, species 75. (Plate 118.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stem climbing by means of small aerial roots. Leaves entire or lobed, -without stipules. Flowers in umbels, 5-merous; pedicels not jointed.<br /> -Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled; style simple. Fruit a berry; endocarp -membranous. Seeds with ruminate albumen.—Species 1 (<i>H. Helix</i> L., -ivy). North Africa. Used as ornamental and medicinal plants; the -fruits are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hedera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem without adhesive roots. Leaves pinnate or digitate, rarely undivided -or lobed, but then ovary 2-4-celled and style 2-4-parted. Fruit a -drupe or a nut; endocarp leathery, crustaceous, cartilaginous, or -bony.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Leaves undivided, lobed, or digitate. Stipules usually distinctly developed.<br /> -Pedicels not jointed.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate. Stipules indistinctly developed or wanting. Seeds with -uniform albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary 2-, rarely 3-4-celled. Styles short, free or united below. Stylopod -convex or conical. Petals 5, free. Stamens 5. Endocarp crustaceous.<br /> -Albumen usually ruminate. Flowers in spikes or racemes, rarely in -umbels.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>Seemannaralia</i><br /> -Viguier). (Plate 118.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cussonia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 5-15-celled. Petals 5-15, usually united in the shape of a cap.<br /> -Albumen uniform. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in racemes.<br /> -Leaves digitate.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens as many as the petals.—Species 13. Tropics. (Including<br /> -<i>Astropanax</i> Seem., <i>Heptapleurum</i> Gaertn., and <i>Sciadophyllum</i> P. Browne)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schefflera</b> Forst.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_117" style="width: 336px;"> -<a href="images/plt_117.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_117.jpg" width="336" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>HALORRHAGACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 117.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Laurembergia repens Berg</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Female flower -cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Young fruit. <i>E</i> Young fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_118" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_118.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_118.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ARALIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 118.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cussonia spicata Thunb.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Flower-bud. <i>C</i> Flower-bud cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Inflorescence.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_401">{401}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Stamens twice as many as the petals. Petals 5, cohering in the shape of a -cap. Ovary 8-10-celled. Flowers in spicately arranged heads.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geopanax</b> Hemsl.<br /> -<br /> -5. Flowers in umbels or racemes with jointed pedicels, very rarely in spikes or -heads. Ovary-cells and styles or style-branches 1-10. Stamens as -many as the petals.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in umbels; pedicels not jointed. Ovary-cells and styles or -style-branches 10-15. Leaves unequally pinnate with entire leaflets.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Styles present, usually free and filiform. Seeds smooth or folded on the -surface.—Species 30. Tropics. (Including <i>Cuphocarpus</i> Decne. et<br /> -Planch. and <i>Tieghemopanax</i> Viguier, under <i>Panax</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polyscias</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Styles absent; stigmas 2, seated upon the conical stylopod. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Pericarp with 8 oil-channels. Seeds 4-lobed. Trees. Leaves unequally -pinnate with entire leaflets. Flowers in panicled umbels.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Panax</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sciadopanax</b> Seem.<br /> -<br /> -7. Petals free or cohering at the tip. Stamens as many as the petals, 10-15; -filaments flattened. Styles awl-shaped. Trees.—Species 4. Madagascar -and the neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gastonia</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Petals united throughout their whole length. Stamens numerous; filaments -awl-shaped. Style none; stigma 2-cleft. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Indokingia</b> Hemsl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_186">FAMILY 186.</a> UMBELLIFERAE</p> - -<p>Mostly herbs with a jointed stem. Leaves alternate, rarely (<i>Drusa</i>) -opposite, usually dissected and with a sheathing stalk. Flowers in -umbels or heads, rarely in spikes or in racemed false-whorls, regular or -the outermost flowers, of the inflorescence somewhat irregular, usually -hermaphrodite. Calyx-limb usually faintly developed or wanting. Petals -5, free, usually bent inwards at the tip and therefore apparently -notched or 2-lobed, valvate or slightly imbricate in bud. Stamens 5, -alternating with the petals. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, rarely one cell -only fertile, very rarely ovary 3-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, -pendulous, inverted, with ventral raphe. Styles 2, free, arising from a -more or less distinctly 2-lobed disc (stylopod), rarely (<i>Lagoecia</i>) -style simple. Fruit dry, usually separating into 2 mericarps attached to -the 2-parted, more rarely 2-cleft, simple, or obsolete carpophore. -Pericarp ribbed and usually traversed by oil-channels commonly situated -in the furrows between the primary ribs which as a rule enclose vascular -bundles. Seeds with an adnate testa, a horny albumen, and a small embryo -with flat cotyledons.—Genera 92, species 410. (<i>APIACEAE.</i>) (Plate -119.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit with a woody rind, without a free carpophore. Oil-channels wanting, -more rarely small and situated beneath the primary ribs. Seeds rather -flat on the inner face. Petals straight, rarely bent inwards at the point -and thread-shaped. Flowers in solitary or fascicled simple umbels or in -racemed false-whorls, rarely (<i>Hermas</i>) in compound umbels. Leaves undivided,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_402">{402}</a></span>lobed, or 3-parted. [Subfamily <b>HYDROCOTYLOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -Fruit with a membranous or leathery rind, rarely (tribe <i>Coriandreae</i>) with<br /> -a woody one, but then oil-channels situated on the inner surface of the -mericarps and seeds deeply grooved on this side. Flowers usually in -compound umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit much compressed laterally, with a very narrow commissure and a -much projecting dorsal angle. Oil-channels very narrow or wanting.<br /> -Calyx-limb indistinct or shortly toothed. Petals with a straight point.<br /> -[Tribe HYDROCOTYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Fruit compressed from front to back, with a broad commissure. [Tribe<br /> -MULINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Mericarps with 5 ribs, the marginal ones contiguous. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -Petals valvate in bud. Leaves roundish, stipulate.—Species<br /> -15. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrocotyle</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Mericarps with 7-9 ribs connected by a network of veins, the marginal -ribs divergent. Flowers polygamous. Petals imbricate in bud. Leaves -exstipulate.—Species 20. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are -used medicinally. (Under <i>Hydrocotyle</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit slightly compressed, not winged, with faint ribs. Oil-channels -more or less obvious. Calyx-teeth narrow. Petals elliptical or lanceolate, -with a straight point. Herbs forming cushion-shaped tufts. Leaves<br /> -3-cleft or 3-parted, alternate. Flowers in terminal simple umbels.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Kerguelen.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Azorella</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much compressed, winged. Oil-channels obscure or absent. Calyx-teeth -large or wanting. Leaves undivided or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Wings of the fruit arising from the marginal ribs and covered with barbed -prickles. Seeds not furrowed. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-lobes -wanting. Petals elliptical, with a straight point. Flowers in simple -umbels arising at the forks of the stem. Leaves usually opposite, -clothed with barbed bristles.—Species 1. Canary Islands. (Under<br /> -<i>Bowlesia</i> Ruiz et Pav.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drusa</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Wings of the fruit arising from the intermedial ribs. Fruit netted or -wrinkled on the back. Seeds angular-furrowed. Flowers polygamous.<br /> -Calyx-lobes broad-lanceolate, petal-like in the male flowers. Petals -awl-shaped, with the point bent inwards. Flowers in compound umbels.<br /> -Leaves alternate, tomentose beneath.—Species 5. South Africa<br /> -(Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hermas</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. (1.) Styles 2, surrounded by a ring-shaped disc, filiform and rather long, -rarely a single style. Fruit covered with scales, prickles, or tubercles.<br /> -Carpophore adnate or wanting. Oil-channels under the primary ribs, -scattered, or wanting (none in the furrows). Calyx-lobes large. Petals -with the point bent inwards. Flowers in umbels heads or spikes, which -are simple or arranged in heads or cymes. [Subfamily <b>SANICULOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2, arising from the top of a more or less elevated disc (stylopod).<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_403">{403}</a></span>Carpophore usually free. Oil-channels in general only in the furrows -of the fruit. Flowers nearly always in compound umbels. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>APIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -7. Ovary with 1 perfect and 1 imperfect cell, the latter empty or containing a -rudimentary ovule; in the latter case flowers dioecious and fruit with -faint secondary ribs and without oil-channels. Oil-channels indistinct -or wanting; in the former case style single. [Tribe LAGOECIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 2 perfect cells and ovules. Styles 2. Flowers hermaphrodite -or monoecious-polygamous. [Tribe SANICULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Style 1. Oil-channels present. Flowers hermaphrodite, in simple umbels -with pinnately divided involucral bracts. Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species<br /> -1. North-east Africa (Cyrenaica).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lagoecia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2. Oil-channels absent. Flowers dioecious, in compound umbels -or in umbels arranged in heads, with undivided involucral bracts. Leaves -lobed.—Species 3. South Africa (Cape Colony). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arctopus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers polygamous, in umbels arranged in cymes. Ovary and fruit -clothed with hooked prickles. Fruit more or less globose, without distinct -ribs, but with many large and small oil-channels.—Species 2.<br /> -North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sanicula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, in heads or spikes. Ovary and fruit clothed with -scales or tubercles. Fruit ovoid, with several large and many small oil-channels -or without distinct oil-channels.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers in few-flowered heads with a 2-ranked involucre of usually 10 -bracts, without bracteoles beneath the single flowers. Calyx-limb -membranous. Fruit with thick and warty primary ribs. Oil-channels -indistinct. Leaves undivided.—Species 8. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alepidea</b> Laroch.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in many-flowered heads or spikes with an involucre of several or -many, usually prickly bracts, and with a bracteole under each flower.<br /> -Calyx-teeth stiff. Fruit without distinct ribs, scaly.—Species 15.<br /> -North and Central Africa. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eryngium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -11. (6.) Secondary ribs between the primary ribs of the fruit distinctly developed, -similar to, or larger than the primary ribs, more or less distinctly -winged or beset with rows of prickles.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Secondary ribs slightly prominent or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -12. Secondary ribs, at least some of them, winged and unarmed. [Tribe<br /> -LASERPITIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Secondary ribs not distinctly winged, but beset with prickles, more rarely -with bristles or tubercles.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -13. Fruit much compressed from front to back. Seeds flat or nearly so on -the inner face. [Subtribe <small>THAPSIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Fruit scarcely or not at all compressed, broadly winged, glabrous. Oil-channels -also under the primary ribs. Seeds deeply grooved on the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_404">{404}</a></span>inner face. [Subtribe <small>ELAEOSELINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -14. Secondary ribs with a narrow or indistinct wing. Oil-channels only under -the secondary ribs, narrow. Petals white, slightly notched.—Species 3.<br /> -Cape Verde Islands. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tornabenea</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -Secondary ribs with a broad wing. Petals entire.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Primary ribs very prominent. Oil-channels also under the primary ribs.<br /> -Petals white or reddish.—Species 2. Island of Madeira. The roots -are edible. (Including <i>Monizia</i> Lowe, under <i>Thapsia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melanoselinum</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Primary ribs slightly prominent. Oil-channels only under the secondary -ribs. Petals yellow.—Species 3. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thapsia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Fruit with 4 wings, contracted at the commissure. Oil-channels distant.<br /> -Petals narrow, yellow.—Species 5. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elaeoselinum</b> Koch<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 8 wings and a broad commissure. Oil-channels nearly contiguous.<br /> -Petals broad, white,.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -(Under <i>Elaeoselinum</i> Koch)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Margotia</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -17. (12.) Albumen deeply grooved on the inner face of the seeds. [Tribe<br /> -SCANDICINEAE, subtribe <small>CAUCALINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Albumen slightly grooved or flat on the inner face of the seeds.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -18. Albumen rolled in at the edge. Commissure narrowed. Primary ribs -prickly. Secondary ribs with 1-3 rows of prickles. Oil-channels -obvious. Umbels of 2-6 rays.—Species 5. North Africa and mountains -of the tropics. Used medicinally. (Including <i>Turgenia</i> Hoffm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caucalis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Albumen flat at the edge.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Fruit with a broad commissure (plane of junction of the mericarps). Primary -ribs covered with short bristles. Secondary ribs with 2-3 rows of -prickles. Oil-channels large. Umbels of 5-8 rays.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. (Under <i>Daucus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orlaya</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a narrow commissure.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Secondary ribs prominent, rounded, warty. Oil-channels obscure. Umbels -of many rays.—Species 2. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammiopsis</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Secondary ribs scarcely prominent, prickly. Primary ribs ciliate. Oil-channels -large. Umbels of 6-12 rays.—Species 9. North and South<br /> -Africa and mountains of Central Africa. (Under <i>Caucalis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Torilis</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -21. Fruit somewhat flattened laterally and narrowed at the commissure.<br /> -Secondary ribs clothed with bristles. Seeds slightly grooved on the -inner face. Calyx-teeth long, awl-shaped, unequal. Petals oblong, -white or pink. Umbels of 3-5 rays.—Species 1 (<i>C. Cyminum</i> L.).<br /> -North Africa, also cultivated in East Africa. The fruits serve as a -condiment and a medicament.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cuminum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit flattened from front to back. Calyx-teeth short. [Tribe<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_405">{405}</a></span>DAUCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Secondary ribs clothed with white bristles. Primary ribs nearly glabrous.<br /> -Petals white. Umbels opposite to the leaves, with 2-4 rays.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. The fruits serve as a condiment. (Under <i>Daucus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammodaucus</b> Coss. & Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Secondary ribs beset with one row of long prickles. Primary ribs clothed -with short bristles.—Species 20. North Africa to Abyssinia; one -species naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especially<br /> -<i>D. Carota</i> L., carrot) yield vegetables, gum-resin, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daucus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -23. (11.) Seeds very concave or marked with a deep furrow on the inner -face.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Seeds flat, slightly concave, or somewhat convex on the inner face.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -24. Flowers polygamous, the sessile hermaphrodite ones surrounded each by -several stalked males. Petals white. Style long. Fruit nearly always -one-seeded. Ribs indistinct. Albumen rolled in at the edge. [Tribe<br /> -ECHINOPHOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Flowers of the primary umbels polygamous, but irregularly arranged, or -hermaphrodite. Fruit nearly always 2-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -25. Ovary of the hermaphrodite flower adnate to the pedicels of the male, -which subsequently form a woody cup around the fruit. Oil-channels -solitary in each furrow.—Species 1. North Africa. The root is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echinophora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary of the hermaphrodite flower not adnate to the pedicels of the male; -no cup around the fruit. Oil-channels 2-3 in each furrow.—Species 1.<br /> -Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnocycla</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -26. Leaves undivided, entire. Calyx not toothed. Petals yellow or yellowish-green.<br /> -Fruit laterally compressed.—Species 25. North and South<br /> -Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bupleurum</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves, at least the lower ones, dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Fruit linear or oblong. [Tribe SCANDICINEAE, subtribe <small>SCANDICINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Fruit ovoid, globose, or biglobose.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -28. Fruit beaked. Oil-channels very narrow, situated in the furrows and -under the primary ribs.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not beaked. Oil-channels usually broad. Petals bent inwards -and notched at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -29. Fruit with a long beak. Ribs obtuse. Calyx not toothed. Petals entire -and not or shortly bent inwards at the tip. Umbels of few rays.—Species<br /> -3. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scandix</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a short beak.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Fruit cylindrical, broadened at the base, without ribs in the lower part.<br /> -Calyx not toothed. Petals narrow, entire and not or shortly bent -inwards at the tip.—Species 3. North and East Africa. One of them, -the chervil (<i>A. Cerefolium</i> Hoffm.) is grown as a pot-herb and also used<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_406">{406}</a></span>medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthriscus</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit oblong, hispid, with broad and obtuse ribs. Calyx toothed. Petals -broad, bent inwards and notched at the tip. Involucral bracts numerous.—Species<br /> -2. North-west Africa. (Under <i>Athamantha</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tinguarra</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -31. Fruit without distinct ribs, oblong, somewhat flattened from front to back, -clothed with long hairs. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows, narrow; -besides two larger ones at the commissure. Calyx-teeth awl-shaped.<br /> -Petals minute, white.—Species 1. North-west Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Caucalis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaetosciadium</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with distinct ribs. Calyx-teeth wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Fruit with thread- or keel-shaped ribs. Oil-channels thin or rather thin.<br /> -Root tuberous.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with broad and rounded, roll-shaped ribs. Oil-channels large, -solitary in the furrows. Root not tuberous.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -33. Leaf-segments linear. Umbels of 10-20 rays. Involucre reduced to a -single bract or wanting. Involucels of many bractlets. Oil-channels -numerous.—Species 1. North-west Africa. (<i>Geocaryum</i> Coss. et<br /> -Dur., under <i>Chaerophyllum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conopodium</b> Koch<br /> -<br /> -Leaf-segments lanceolate or ovate. Umbels of 5-10 rays. Involucre -and involucels of 1-4 bracts.—Species 1. North-west Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Balansaea</i> Boiss. et Reut., under <i>Chaerophyllum</i> L. or <i>Bunium</i><br /> -Koch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Biasolettia</b> Koch<br /> -<br /> -34. Fruit conical, clothed with bristles or short prickles. Umbels few-flowered.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa. (Under <i>Chaerophyllum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physocaulis</b> Tausch.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit cylindrical, glabrous.—Species 3. North Africa. One species is -poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaerophyllum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -35. (27.) Pericarp woody. Ribs slightly prominent or obscure. Oil-channels -only at the commissure. [Tribe CORIANDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp not woody. Oil-channels also on the back of the fruit, or all -indistinct. [Tribe SMYRNIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -36. Fruit biglobose, much broader than long, wrinkled, without distinct ribs.<br /> -Commissure small, perforated. Mericarps separating when ripe. Calyx -not toothed.—Species 2. North Africa. The fruits serve as a condiment.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bifora</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit ovoid or globose, not broader than long, with wavy ribs. Commissure -large, not perforated. Mericarps not separating. Calyx toothed.—Species<br /> -1 (<i>C. sativum</i> L.). North Africa, also cultivated and naturalized -in Central Africa. The fruits are used as a condiment and for preparing -an aromatic oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coriandrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -37. Pericarp much thickened; corky, spongy, or blistery. Ribs broad, more or -less roll-shaped, sometimes confluent.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp not much thickened. Ribs narrow, thread-shaped, sometimes -obscure. Fruit laterally compressed, with a narrow commissure, more<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_407">{407}</a></span>or less biglobose.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -38. Ribs of the fruit confluent; furrows hardly perceptible. Fruit ovoid, -glabrous or hairy. Oil-channels numerous. Albumen rolled inwards.<br /> -Calyx not toothed. Petals yellow. Leaf-segments linear.—Species 3.<br /> -North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cachrys</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ribs of the fruit separated; furrows distinctly visible. Calyx toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Ribs of the fruit broad and rounded, roll-shaped; furrows very narrow, -each with several oil-channels. Fruit slightly or not compressed, -hairy. Albumen curved. Petals white. Leaf-segments broad.—Species<br /> -2. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Magydaris</b> Koch<br /> -<br /> -Ribs of the fruit slender, more or less thread-shaped; furrows not very -narrow. Albumen rolled inwards. Leaf-segments narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Fruit covered with blisters, broad-cordate, laterally much compressed. Oil-channels<br /> -1-3 to each furrow. Seeds loosely enclosed by the pericarp.<br /> -Petals white. Leaf-segments oblong.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trachydium</b> Link<br /> -<br /> -Fruit smooth or covered with tubercles or hairs. Oil-channels numerous.<br /> -Petals yellow. Leaf-segments linear.—Species 3. North-west Africa.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippomarathrum</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -41. Oil-channels replaced by a continuous oil-layer. Fruit ovoid. Pericarp -thick. Ribs thick, wavy or crenate. Albumen curved. Calyx not -toothed. Petals white, shortly inflexed.—Species 2. North Africa,<br /> -Abyssinia, and South Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally. “Hemlock.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels separated. Fruit cordate. Pericarp thin. Ribs thin.<br /> -Petals long inflexed.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Albumen curved. Calyx toothed.<br /> -Petals white.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physospermum</b> Cuss.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels 2 or more in each furrow. Root tuberous.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Oil-channels 2-3 in each furrow. Albumen curved. Calyx not toothed.<br /> -Petals white. Involucre wanting.—Species 1. North-east Africa<br /> -(Cyrenaica). (Under <i>Conopodium</i> Koch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scaligeria</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels numerous. Albumen rolled inwards. Petals yellow.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa. They yield vegetables and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Smyrnium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -44. (23.) Marginal ribs of the mericarps much more prominent than the dorsal -and more or less distinctly winged. Mericarps and seeds much compressed -from front to back. [Tribe PEUCEDANEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -Marginal ribs of the mericarps similar to the dorsal. Mericarps and seeds -slightly or not compressed. [Tribe AMMINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -45. Nerves (vascular bundles) of the marginal ribs next to the edge of the -mericarps, distant from the seed.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -Nerves of the marginal ribs situated at their base near the seed.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -46. Marginal wings of the mericarps much thickened at the edge.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -Marginal wings of the mericarps slightly or not thickened at the edge or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_408">{408}</a></span>not distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -47. Mericarps without dorsal ribs. Oil-channels only in the marginal ribs.<br /> -Petals white.—Species 1. South Africa. (<i>Pappea</i> Sond. & Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Choritaenia</b> Benth. & Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Mericarps with filiform dorsal ribs. Oil-channels also on the back of the -mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -48. Thickened margin of the mericarps gibbous. Oil-channels very thin.<br /> -Calyx toothed. Petals white, 2-cleft.—Species 2. North Africa.<br /> -They yield vegetables and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tordylium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Thickened margin of the mericarps slightly uneven. Oil-channels distinctly -developed.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -49. Marginal wings of the mericarps traversed lengthwise by a broad oil-channel.<br /> -Petals yellow, turned or rolled inwards at the top.—Species 7.<br /> -East and North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malabaila</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Marginal wings of the mericarps not traversed by an oil-channel. Petals -white, hairy.—Species 1. North-east Africa (Egypt). (Under <i>Heracleum</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zozimia</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -50. Oil-channels not extending to the base of the mericarps, usually ending -at the middle in a club-shaped swelling, solitary in the furrows. Dorsal -ribs slightly prominent. Marginal wings membranous. Calyx toothed.<br /> -Petals deeply emarginate, usually white. Involucels of many bractlets.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa and Abyssinia. They yield edible roots, -fodder, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heracleum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels, at least some of them, extending to the base of the fruit.<br /> -Calyx rarely toothed. Petals slightly or not emarginate, yellow greenish -or reddish.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Leaves once pinnatisect. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, only those -of the uppermost lateral umbels male. Petals broad, much rolled in.<br /> -Marginal wings of the mericarps membranous. Oil-channels solitary in -the furrows, rarely in pairs.—Species 2. One growing wild in South<br /> -Africa, the other cultivated in North Africa. Root edible. “Parsnip.”<br /> -(Under <i>Peucedanum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pastinaca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves repeatedly pinnatisect. Flowers polygamous, those of the lateral -umbels male. Petals narrow, shortly bent inwards. Disc broad.<br /> -Marginal wings of the mericarps thickish or indistinct.—Species 10.<br /> -North and East Africa. Several species yield a gum-resin (African -ammoniacum) used industrially and medicinally, others serve as vegetables -or as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ferula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -52. (45.) Dorsal ribs of the mericarps very prominent. Marginal ribs more or -less thickened. Oil-channels solitary in each rib and solitary or wanting -in the furrows. Umbels opposite to the leaves, of few rays. Petals -white.—Species 4. North and South Africa. Some have edible roots.<br /> -(<i>Krubera</i> Hoffm., including <i>Sclerosciadium</i> Koch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capnophyllum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_409">{409}</a></span>Dorsal ribs of the mericarps slightly prominent, more or less filiform.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -53. Marginal ribs of the mericarps thickened, corky. Oil-channels solitary in -the furrows. Calyx toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -Marginal ribs of the mericarps not thickened, closely contiguous.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -54. Petals yellow. Leaf-segments broad.—Species 1. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astydamia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Petals white. Leaf-segments narrow.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ducrosia</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -55. Oil-channels numerous. Marginal wings thick. Disc broad. Petals -yellow, not or shortly bent inwards. Flowers polygamous, in the lateral -umbels male.—Species 1. North Africa. (Under <i>Ferula</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ferulago</b> Koch<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels 1-3 in each furrow. Petals much bent or rolled inwards.<br /> -Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, only those of the uppermost lateral -umbels sometimes male.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Fruit moderately compressed, with a narrow marginal wing. Oil-channels -solitary in the furrows. Calyx not toothed. Petals broad and rolled -inwards at the tip, yellow. Umbels without an involucre.—Species 1.<br /> -(<i>A. graveolens</i> L., dill). North Africa, also cultivated and naturalized in<br /> -Central and South Africa. Used as a pot-herb. (Under <i>Peucedanum</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anethum</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit much compressed, with a membranous, usually broad marginal wing.<br /> -Petals narrowed and much bent inwards at the tip.—Species 50. Some -of them have edible roots or are used in medicine. (Including <i>Bubon</i> L.,<br /> -<i>Imperatoria</i> Tourn., and <i>Lefeburia</i> A. Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peucedanum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -57. (44.) Fruit compressed from front to back or not compressed; commissure<br /> -(plane of junction of the mericarps) broad. Ribs usually -prominent: wing-like, keeled, or broad, more rarely filiform. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>SESELINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -Fruit compressed laterally; commissure more or less narrowed. Ribs -usually slender, filiform, rarely keel- or wing-like. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CARINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -58. Ribs of the fruit very prominent, keel- or wing-like.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -Ribs of the fruit slightly prominent, filiform or broad.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -59. Ribs wing-like.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -Ribs keel- or ridge-like.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -60. Oil-channels numerous. Leaves 2-5 times pinnately dissected.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. “Lovage.” (Under <i>Meum</i> Jacq.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ligusticum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels solitary in the furrows.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -61. Marginal wings of the fruit thin. Dorsal wings either corky or partly -wing-like, partly filiform. Mericarps usually unequal. Calyx toothed.—Species<br /> -10. South Africa. Some of them have edible roots. (Including<br /> -<i>Stenosemis</i> E. Mey.) (Plate 119.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Annesorrhiza</b> Cham. & Schlechtd.<br /> -<br /> -Marginal wings of the fruit thick. All wings equal, membranous or spongy.<br /> -Mericarps equal. Leaves 2-3 times pinnately dissected.—Species 2.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_410">{410}</a></span>South Africa. (Under <i>Selinum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cnidium</b> Cuss.<br /> -<br /> -62. Oil-channels numerous, crowded around the seed. Pericarp thickened, -spongy. Fruit egg-shaped. Calyx toothed. Petals narrowed and -rolled in at the tip, white. Undershrubs. Leaves fleshy, with narrow -segments. Involucre and involucels of many bracts.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used as a pot-herb. “Samphire.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crithmum</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels solitary in the furrows, rarely (<i>Seseli</i>) accompanied by a second -channel in each furrow or one under each rib.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -63. Calyx toothed. Petals white or reddish. Involucel present.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -64. Stem woody, shrubby. Petals elliptical, entire, with an inflexed point.<br /> -Fruit oblong, not compressed, glabrous. Disc depressed. Leaves -once or twice dissected.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polemannia</b> Eckl. & Zeyh.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -65. Petals lanceolate or elliptical. Disc biglobose. Fruit narrowly bottle-shaped, -compressed from front to back, hairy. Involucre present.<br /> -Leaves thrice dissected.—Species 2. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Todaroa</b> Parl.<br /> -<br /> -Petals broad-cordate. Disc conical or flattened. Fruit oblong or oval.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -66. Seeds concave on the inner face. Fruit cylindrical, with warty or bristly -ribs. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Disc conical. Styles long, -with broad stigmas. Flowers hispid. Involucre present. Leaves -twice pinnatisect, with broad leathery segments.—Species 3. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physotrichia</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Seeds flat on the inner face. Leaves, as a rule, repeatedly pinnatisect and -with narrow segments.—Species 7. North and South Africa. Some -are used in medicine. (Including <i>Libanotis</i> Crantz).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seseli</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -67. Involucels and involucre wanting. Petals yellow. Disc conical. Pericarp -not essentially thickened. Leaves with linear segments.—Species 2.<br /> -North Africa and Abyssinia, one species also naturalized in other regions.<br /> -They yield vegetables, condiments, perfumes, and medicaments, and -serve also as ornamental plants. “Fennel”.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Foeniculum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucels of a few bracts. Petals white or greenish-white. Pericarp -thickened. Leaves with oblong, lanceolate, or elliptical segments.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -68. Involucre of a few bracts. Petals oblong, greenish-white. Disc conical.<br /> -Fruit oblong; furrows narrow.—Species 1. Madagascar. Used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phellolophium</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre absent. Petals obovate, white. Disc flattened. Fruit ovoid; -furrows broad.—Species 1. North-west Africa. Poisonous and used -medicinally. “Fools parsley.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aethusa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -69. (58.) Ribs of the fruit broad and rounded. Carpophore none. Oil-channels -solitary in the furrows. Calyx-teeth large. Petals obovate, -white. Involucels of many bracts.—Species 10. North and South<br /> -Africa. Some are poisonous or used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oenanthe</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_411">{411}</a></span>Ribs of the fruit slender, filiform. Carpophore present.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Oil-channels numerous, scattered. Fruit linear-oblong. Pericarp not -considerably thickened. Seeds somewhat grooved on the inner face.<br /> -Calyx-teeth short. Petals yellow. Involucre and involucels of many -bracts. Leaves with broad segments.—Species 1. North Africa.<br /> -(<i>Brignolia</i> Bertol.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kundmannia</b> Scop.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels solitary in the furrows, more rarely accompanied by a second -in each furrow or one under each rib. Petals white or reddish.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -71. Seeds flat on the inner face. Calyx toothed. Petals broad-cordate.<br /> -Disc depressed. (See 66.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seseli</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds grooved on the inner face. Fruit oblong, hairy. Disc conical. Involucre -present. Leaves thrice dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -72. Oil-channels in the furrows and under the ribs of the fruit. Seeds with a -keel in the middle of the groove on the inner face. Calyx toothed.—Species<br /> -4. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Athamanta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels only in the furrows. Calyx not toothed. Rays of the umbels -thickened.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplolophium</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -73. (57.) Leaves undivided, entire, rarely (<i>Heteromorpha</i>) toothed to dissected, -and then some ribs of the fruit wing-like.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -Leaves, at least some of them, toothed to dissected. Ribs of the fruit -filiform, rarely keeled but not wing-like.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -74. Flowers in heads. Calyx toothed. Petals greenish-white. Carpophore -none; mericarps closely cohering. Ribs thickened, corky. Oil-channels -solitary in each furrow, faint or obscure.—Species 2. North-west<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hohenackeria</b> Fisch. & Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in compound umbels. Petals yellow or yellowish-green. Carpophore -free.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -75. Calyx toothed. Mericarps unequal, one 2-winged, the other 3-winged.<br /> -Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Shrubs or trees.—Species 3.<br /> -Central and South Africa. (<i>Franchetella</i> O. Ktze.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteromorpha</b> Cham. et Schlechtd.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not toothed. Mericarps and ribs equal.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Petals much inflexed and 2-lobed at the tip. Disc conical, crenate. Fruit -oblong, with thick and very prominent ribs. Oil-channels solitary in -each furrow. Undershrubs. Leaves stalked, cordate-orbicular, leathery.<br /> -Umbels of few rays, involucrate.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nirarathamnus</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -Petals rolled in and entire or slightly notched at the tip. Disc flat, entire.<br /> -Leaves usually sessile. (See 26.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bupleurum</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -77. Oil-channels solitary under each rib, none in the furrows. Calyx toothed.<br /> -Petals white, with a long inflexed point. Involucre and involucels of many -bracts.—Species 7. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lichtensteinia</b> Cham. & Schlechtd.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels in the furrows, sometimes also under the ribs.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Fruit linear or oblong, at least twice as long as broad. Ribs slender.<br /> -Petals white or reddish.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_412">{412}</a></span>Fruit ovoid, globose, or biglobose.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -79. Fruit linear or linear-oblong. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows. Disc -broadened at the base, with a wavy margin. Calyx-teeth distinctly -developed. Petals white, 3-5-nerved, notched. Involucre and involucels -present.—Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Falcaria</b> Host.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit oblong. Calyx-teeth minute or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -80. Mericarps with 5 ribs at the back and near the margin and 2 smaller ones -on the inner face. Oil-channels solitary in the furrows and under the -ribs, very narrow. Disc reduced to a swelling of the base of the -styles. Umbels panicled. Involucre wanting. Involucels of few -bracts.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). (<i>Lereschia</i> Boiss., -under <i>Anthriscus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptotaenia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Mericarps with 5 ribs only. Oil-channels only in the furrows. Disc -broadened at the base, with a wavy margin. Umbels terminal and -lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -81. Involucre of many large dissected bracts. Petals unequally 2-lobed.<br /> -Oil-channels solitary in the furrows.—Species 5. North and Central<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally; one species has edible roots.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ammi</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre of usually few entire bracts or wanting. Petals equally -notched.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -82. Root-stock tuberous. Oil-channels 1-3 in each furrow. Embryo with a -single cotyledon.—Species 6. North Africa. The tubers are edible.<br /> -(Including <i>Diaphycarpus</i> Calestani, partly under <i>Carum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bunium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Root-stock not tuberous. Oil-channels solitary in each furrow. Embryo -with 2 cotyledons.—Species 7. North Africa, Abyssinia, Madagascar, -and South Africa; one species (<i>C. Carvi</i> L., caraway) also cultivated -elsewhere. The fruits of this species are used as a condiment and for -preparing an aromatic oil; eaten in large quantities they are poisonous.<br /> -Other species yield edible roots or medicaments. (Including <i>Selinopsis</i><br /> -Coss. et Dur., partly under <i>Bunium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -83. Oil-channels numerous, narrow. Ribs filiform. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Leaves dissected or the lower lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels solitary in each furrow, rarely (<i>Rhyticarpus</i>) 3, large, but then -shrubs and upper leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -84. Calyx toothed. Petals white. Involucre and involucels large, persistent.—Species<br /> -7. Central and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used as -vegetables. (Including <i>Berula</i> Koch)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not toothed. Involucre and involucels usually wanting.—Species<br /> -25. The fruits of <i>P. anisum</i> L., anise, serve as a condiment; other -species are used in medicine. (Including <i>Reutera</i> Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pimpinella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -85. Pericarp densely bristly or warty. Ribs filiform.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp smooth or wrinkled, not hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -86. Calyx toothed. Petals deeply notched, white. Fruit tubercled upon the -ribs, not hairy. Herbs. Leaves twice or thrice pinnately dissected<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_413">{413}</a></span>with very narrow segments.—Species 7. South and North Africa and<br /> -Island of Socotra; one species also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.<br /> -Some species yield condiments. (<i>Tragiopsis</i> Pomel, under <i>Carum</i> L. -or <i>Ptychotis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trachypermum</b> Link<br /> -<br /> -Calyx entire. Petals not notched, white or greenish. Undershrubs.<br /> -Radical leaves once or twice pinnately dissected, cauline reduced to the -sheath. Umbels of few rays.—Species 10. North and South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Deverra</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pituranthos</b> Viv.<br /> -<br /> -87. Carpophore entire or shortly cleft at the top. Ribs very prominent. Oil-channels -large. Calyx not or obscurely toothed. Petals greenish-white, -straight or shortly inflexed at the tip. Involucre of 1-3 bracts or -wanting.—Species 7. One of them (<i>A. graveolens</i> L., celery) is used -as a pot-herb, as a salad, or in medicine. (Including <i>Helosciadium</i><br /> -Koch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Carpophore split down to the middle or beyond.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -88. Oil-channels extending down to the middle of the fruit and ending there -in a club-shaped swelling. Calyx entire. Petals white, broadly inflexed -and deeply notched at the tip. Leaves with broad segments.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sison</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Oil-channels extending down to the base of the fruit. Calyx toothed, -more rarely entire, but then petals yellow and not notched.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -89. Calyx not or obscurely toothed. Petals yellow, yellowish-green, or somewhat -reddish, much inflexed at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -Calyx distinctly toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -90. Ribs of the fruit prominent, filiform. Oil-channels broad. Leaves 2-3 -times pinnately dissected.—Species 2. North Africa; also naturalized -in tropical and South Africa. One species (<i>P. sativum</i> Hoffm., parsley) -is used as a pot-herb. (Under <i>Apium</i> L. or <i>Carum</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petroselinum</b> Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Ribs of the fruit scarcely prominent or indistinct. Oil-channels narrow.<br /> -Leaves 4-times pinnately dissected.—Species 1. North Africa and<br /> -Abyssinia. (Under <i>Carum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ridolfia</b> Moris.<br /> -<br /> -91. Ribs of the fruit very prominent. Oil-channels narrow. Petals shortly -inflexed at the tip, white or greenish. Umbels involucrate.—Species 3.<br /> -South Africa, St. Helena, and Canary Islands. One species is used for -preparing an intoxicating drink. (<i>Glia</i> Sond., under <i>Lichtensteinia</i><br /> -Cham. & Schlechtd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruthea</b> Bolle<br /> -<br /> -Ribs of the fruit slightly prominent. Petals much inflexed at the tip, -rarely shortly inflexed, but then red.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -92. Mericarp with 9 faint ribs. Petals dark-red, oblong, shortly inflexed at -the tip.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisopoda</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Mericarps with 5 filiform ribs. Petals white or yellow, much inflexed -at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -93. Petals white, notched, the terminal point proceeding from a transverse<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_414">{414}</a></span>fold beneath the notch. Herbs. Umbels without an involucre.—Species<br /> -4. North and South Africa. (Under <i>Carum</i> L., <i>Petroselinum</i><br /> -Hoffm., or <i>Seseli</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ptychotis</b> Koch<br /> -<br /> -Petals yellow, entire. Undershrubs or shrubs.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhyticarpus</b> Sond.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_187">FAMILY 187.</a> CORNACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers regular. -Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 4-5, free or cohering at the base. -Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary inferior, 2-4-celled, with 1 -pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous; embryo -long.—Genera 4, species 6. Tropical and South Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary 4-celled. Micropyle turned outwards. Style simple; stigma<br /> -4-parted. Anthers oval. Petals broad. Flowers 4-merous, hermaphrodite, -in cymose panicles. Leaves opposite, toothed.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa. Yields timber. [Subfamily <b>CURTISIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Curtisia</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled. Micropyle turned inwards. Style and stigma simple, -or styles 2-3. Flowers 4-merous, but unisexual, or 5-merous. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>CORNOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals imbricate in bud. Filaments short, thread-shaped. Flowers -hermaphrodite, 5-merous, in racemes sometimes arranged in panicles.—Species<br /> -3. Madagascar. [Tribe GRISELINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melanophylla</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Petals valvate in bud. Flowers unisexual, 4-merous. [Tribe CORNEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Style simple. Filaments thread-shaped. Anthers ovate. Petals ovate.<br /> -Fruit with a 2-celled stone. Flowers in umbel-like cymes. Leaves -opposite.—Species 1. Equatorial East Africa (Kilimandjaro).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cornus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Styles or sessile stigmas 2. Filaments very short, rather thick. Anthers -oblong. Petals oblong. Fruit with two 1-celled stones. Flowers -in panicles. Leaves alternate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kaliphora</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -</p> - -<p>SUBCLASS METACHLAMYDEAE</p> - -<p>(SYMPETALAE)</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER ERICALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_188">FAMILY 188.</a> CLETHRACEAE</p> - -<p>Low trees. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers in terminal racemes or -panicles, without bracteoles, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-parted, -imbricate in bud, persistent. Petals 5, free, hypogynous, deciduous. -Stamens 10, hypogynous. Anthers turned inwards, shortly beaked at the -base, opening by</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_119" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_119.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_119.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>UMBELLIFERAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 119.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Annesorrhiza capensis Cham. & Schlechtd.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Petal. <i>E</i> -Group of fruits. <i>F</i> Fruit. <i>G</i> Cross-section of a mericarp.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_120" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_120.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_120.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ERICACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 120.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Philippia Chamissonis Klotzsch</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Anther. <i>D</i> Fruit. -<i>E</i> Fruit cut across. <i>F</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_415">{415}</a></span> two short slits at the top; -pollen-grains separate. Disc none. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovules -numerous, axile, inverted. Style 3-cleft at the top. Fruit a loculicidal -capsule. Seeds with a lax testa, a fleshy albumen, and a short embryo. -(Under <i>ERICACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. Island of Madeira. Yields wood especially used for -making walking-sticks, and serves as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clethra</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_189">FAMILY 189.</a> ERICACEAE</p> - -<p>Undershrubs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves undivided, usually narrow. Flowers -solitary or in umbels, racemes or panicles, regular or nearly so, -hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-cleft or-parted, persistent. Petals united -below, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens 3-15, usually -twice as many as the petals, free from the corolla or almost so, rarely -(<i>Ficalhoa</i>) distinctly inserted on the corolla-tube. Anthers turned -inwards, usually opening towards the top; pollen-grains united in groups -of four. Disc more or less distinctly developed. Ovary usually superior, -1-5-celled. Ovules axile or solitary, inverted or almost so. Style -simple. Seeds with copious albumen.—Genera 17, species 720. (Including -<i>VACCINIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 120.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary inferior, adnate to the calyx-tube. Corolla deciduous. Stamens<br /> -8-10. Fruit a many-seeded berry.—Species 8. Azores, Madeira,<br /> -East Africa to Transvaal, and Madagascar. Some have edible fruits.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>VACCINIOIDEAE</b>, tribe VACCINIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vaccinium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior, free from the calyx, but sometimes (Salaxis) adnate to the -corolla-tube at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Flowers 5-merous, rarely 6-merous. Corolla deciduous. Stamens 10-15 -inserted at the base of the corolla. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell.<br /> -Fruit a capsule without a persistent central column, or a berry.<br /> -Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves alternate or subopposite, oblong or lanceolate.<br /> -Flowers in racemes or panicles. [Subfamily <b>ARBUTOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-merous, rarely 2-3-merous, very rarely (<i>Erica</i>) 5-merous, -but then low shrubs with fascicled flowers. Corolla usually persistent.<br /> -Stamens 3-8, rarely 10-12. Fruit a capsule, usually with a persistent -central column, or an achene. Undershrubs or mostly low shrubs, very -rarely trees.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -3. Anthers attached below the apex, provided with two spur-like appendages.<br /> -Filaments broadened at the base. Disc distinctly developed. Ovules -axile. Fruit a mealy berry with a warty skin.—Species 2. North<br /> -Africa. They yield tanning materials, medicaments, and edible fruits, -and serve as ornamental plants. “Strawberry-tree.” [Tribe ARBUTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arbutus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers attached above the base, without appendages. Disc indistinct.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_416">{416}</a></span>Ovules subbasal. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. [Tribe ANDROMEDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Corolla shortly urn-shaped, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 15, in groups of -three, inserted in the corolla-tube. Filaments glabrous. Stigma -finally 5-parted. Seeds ovoid. Trees. Leaves serrate.—Species 1.<br /> -Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ficalhoa</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, 5-6-toothed. Stamens 10-12, inserted -singly at the base of the corolla-tube. Filaments hairy. Stigma entire.<br /> -Seeds oblong. Leaves entire.—Species 7. Tropics. Some of them are -poisonous or yield wood and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agauria</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit dehiscing septicidally, many-seeded. Corolla shortly toothed, -deciduous. Stamens 8. Anthers longer than the filaments, without -appendages, opening by terminal pores. Ovary-cells many-ovuled.<br /> -Small shrubs. Leaves alternate, elliptical. Flowers in terminal -racemes.—Species 1. Azores. Used as an ornamental plant. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>RHODODENDROIDEAE</b>, tribe PHYLLODOCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daboecia</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscing loculicidally or indehiscent, rarely septicidal, but then few-seeded -and enveloped by the persistent corolla. Corolla usually persistent -after the time of flowering. Leaves usually whorled and linear.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>ERICOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovary with a single ovule in each cell, rarely with several ovules, but then<br /> -1-2-celled. [Tribe SALAXIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each of its 3-8 cells. [Tribe ERICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -7. Stigma large, cupular or discoid. Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting.<br /> -Corolla-lobes 4.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Stigma small, capitate or truncate. Bracts and bracteoles usually 3.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -8. Style short, included in the corolla-tube. Stamens 6-8. Calyx unequally<br /> -4-cleft or 4-parted.—Species 15. South Africa. (Including <i>Coccosperma</i><br /> -Klotzsch, <i>Lagenocarpus</i> Klotzsch, and <i>Lepterica</i> N. E. Brown).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salaxis</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Style long, exserted. Stamens 3-5. Calyx 3-4-toothed or -cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Anthers much exserted. Calyx 4-toothed. Bract 1.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Syndesmanthus</i> Klotzsch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Codonostigma</b> Klotzsch<br /> -<br /> -Anthers included or slightly exserted. Bracts none.—Species 20. South<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Coilostigma</i> Klotzsch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scyphogyne</b> Brongn.<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla 2-lobed. Calyx 2-lobed or 4-toothed. Stamens 4.—Species<br /> -9. South Africa. (Including <i>Aniserica</i> N. E. Brown)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sympieza</b> Lichtenst.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 4-lobed. Calyx 4-toothed to 4-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Calyx shortly toothed, usually thickened. Stamens 3-4. Ovary 1-2-celled.—Species<br /> -50. South Africa. (Including <i>Anomalanthus</i> Klotzsch -and <i>Syndesmanthus</i> Klotzsch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Simochilus</b> Hook. & Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx divided to the middle or beyond. Stamens 4-8.—Species 40.<br /> -South Africa. (Including <i>Acrostemon</i> Klotzsch, <i>Eremiopsis</i> N. E. Brown,<br /> -<i>Grisebachia</i> Klotzsch, <i>Hexastemon</i> Klotzsch, <i>Platycalyx</i> N. E. Brown,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_417">{417}</a></span><i>Thamnus</i> Klotzsch, and <i>Thoracosperma</i> Klotzsch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eremia</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -12. (6.) Stamens 4. Fruit few-seeded, loculicidal.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 8, very rarely 6, 7, 10, or 12.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -13. Calyx-lobes unequal, one of them somewhat larger than the others. Disc -distinctly developed. Bracts and bracteoles none.—Species 6. Tropical -and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ericinella</b> Klotzsch<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes equal. Disc rudimentary. Bracts and bracteoles 3.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blaeria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers with 4 bracts and bracteoles. Calyx corolla-like, 4-parted nearly -to the base, slightly exceeding the deeply 4-cleft corolla. Anthers -spurred, opening by longitudinal slits. Fruit dehiscing septicidally, -few-seeded.—Species 1 (<i>C. vulgaris</i> Salisb., ling). North-west<br /> -Africa (Morocco and Azores). Yields tanning and dyeing materials, -medicaments, and food for bees.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calluna</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers with 1-3 bracts and bracteoles or without any. Fruit dehiscing -loculicidally, usually many-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Calyx-lobes unequal, the lowest larger than the others. Bracts and -bracteoles none. Disc rudimentary. Stigma broad. Flowers terminal.—Species<br /> -45. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(Plate 120.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Philippia</b> Klotzsch<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes equal. Bracts and bracteoles nearly always present. Disc -usually distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Calyx much longer than the corolla, two of the segments including the -other two. Anthers opening by loculicidal slits.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony). (Under <i>Erica</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macnabia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not much longer, usually shorter than the corolla.—Species 480.<br /> -South Africa, East Africa to Comoro Islands, and North Africa. Many -species are used as ornamental plants, some yield wood or dyes. (Including<br /> -<i>Pentapera</i> Klotzsch). “Heath.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erica</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PRIMULALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_190">FAMILY 190.</a> MYRSINACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs, rarely (<i>Afrardisia</i>) herbs. Leaves alternate, -undivided, gland-dotted, without stipules. Flowers in racemes, panicles, -umbels or heads, regular, 4-5-, very rarely 6-7-merous. Petals white or -red, rarely yellow or green, usually united below. Stamens as many as -the petals, opposite to them, inserted on the corolla. Anthers opening -inwards, more rarely near the apex. Ovary superior, rarely (<i>Maesa</i>) -half-inferior, 1-celled, with a free central, usually globular placenta. -Ovules several or many, inverted or half-inverted. Style simple or -wanting; stigma entire or lobed. Fruit a berry, a drupe, or a nut. Seeds -with copious albumen. Embryo with a long radicle and small -cotyledons.—Genera 10, species 130. (Plate 121.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Ovules seated upon the surface of the -placenta. Fruit several-seeded. Petals united below, white. Stigma<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_418">{418}</a></span>broadened. Shrubs. Flowers in racemes or panicles.—Species 10.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 121.)<br /> -[Subfamily <b>MAESOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maesa</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior. Ovules sunk into the placenta. Fruit one-seeded.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>MYRSINOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovules in several rows. Petals free, pink. Flowers hermaphrodite,<br /> -5-merous, in short racemes. Stigma punctiform. Filaments long.—Species<br /> -1. Madeira and Canary Islands. (Under <i>Ardisia</i> Swartz or<br /> -<i>Myrsine</i> L.) [Tribe ARDISIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heberdenia</b> Banks<br /> -<br /> -Ovules in a single row. Petals united below, more rarely free, but then -flowers dioecious and stigma peltate. [Tribe MYRSINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovules numerous, about ten. Anthers opening by a single pore at the -apex. Sepals unequal-sided. Petals united below. Filaments short.<br /> -Stigma punctiform. Trees. Flowers in panicles, dioecious, 5-merous.—Species<br /> -6. Madagascar. (Under <i>Ardisia</i> Swartz).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monoporus</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules few. Anthers opening by two slits or pores. 4.<br /> -<br /> -4. Stigma punctiform. Style thin. Flowers hermaphrodite, 5-7-merous.<br /> -Petals united below. Filaments short, free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Stigma more or less dilated. Style thick.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Sepals and petals with imbricate, not contorted aestivation; petals white, -equal-sided. Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers sessile -or nearly so, in heads or umbels arising from lateral dwarf-shoots.—Species<br /> -1. Madeira and Canary Islands. (Under <i>Myrsine</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleiomeris</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals and petals with contorted aestivation; petals red, unequal-sided.<br /> -Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Flowers in axillary umbels or racemes,<br /> -5-merous.—Species 10. West Africa. (Under <i>Ardisia</i> Swartz).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afrardisia</b> Mez<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals free or nearly so. Filaments usually free. Flowers unisexual.—Species<br /> -25. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(<i>Samara</i> L., <i>Pattara</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Embelia</b> Burm.<br /> -<br /> -Petals obviously united below.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Filaments wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Filaments distinctly developed, more or less united. Style present.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Style wanting. Flowers in umbels upon sometimes imperceptible dwarf-shoots.—Species<br /> -10. Tropical and South Africa. (Under <i>Myrsine</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rapanea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Style present. Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles.—Species 10.<br /> -Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. (Under <i>Ardisia</i> Swartz or <i>Icacorea</i><br /> -Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Badula</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers dioecious, in umbels arising from dwarf-shoots. Petals imbricate -in bud. Anthers free.—Species 2. Tropical and South Africa and<br /> -Azores. They yield timber and are used as ornamental, medicinal, or -fodder plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myrsine</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, in axillary umbels, racemes or panicles.—Species<br /> -55. Madagascar and neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oncostemon</b> A. Juss.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_121" style="width: 328px;"> -<a href="images/plt_121.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_121.jpg" width="328" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>MYRSINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 121.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Maesa lanceolata Forsk.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruiting branch. -<i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Seed. <i>F</i> Seed cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_122" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_122.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_122.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PRIMULACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 122.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Ardisiandra Sibthorpioides Hook.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Seed. <i>D</i> Seed cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_419">{419}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_191">FAMILY 191.</a> PRIMULACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided or lobed, without stipules. -Flowers solitary or in umbels racemes or panicles, without bracteoles, -3-7-merous, hermaphrodite. Petals usually united below, with imbricate -or contorted aestivation. Fertile stamens as many as the petals and -opposite to them. Ovary usually superior, 1-celled, with a free central -placenta. Ovules several or many, half-inverted. Style simple; stigma -entire. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with ventral hilum; albumen fleshy; -embryo small, axile.—Genera 11, species 45. (Plate 122.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary inferior or half-inferior. Corolla white, 5-cleft, regular, imbricate -in bud, with 5 scales at the throat. Ovules numerous. Flowers in -terminal racemes or panicles. Leaves alternate.—Species 2. Used as -vegetables. [Tribe SAMOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Samolus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Corolla irregular, red. Calyx prickly. Ovules 5. Flowers in terminal -racemes. Leaves alternate, linear, prickly toothed.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used medicinally. [Tribe CORIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla regular. Calyx not prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Corolla-lobes bent back, with contorted aestivation, red or white. Ovules -numerous. Stem tuberous. Leaves radical, stalked, broad. Flowers -solitary, radical.—Species 4. North Africa. Used as ornamental or -medicinal plants; the tubers are poisonous. [Tribe CYCLAMINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclamen</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-lobes erect or spreading. Stem not tuberous.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Corolla with contorted aestivation. [Tribe LYSIMACHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. [Tribe ANDROSACEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -5. Corolla smaller than the calyx. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Corolla larger than the calyx; petals united below.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -6. Petals 3, free. Fruit 2-seeded, opening in 3 valves. Leaves opposite.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the Canary Islands. (Under Asterolinum<br /> -Link & Hoffmsg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pelletiera</b> St. Hil.<br /> -<br /> -Petals 4-5, united below. Fruit many-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Corolla-tube short. Fruit opening by a lid. Leaves alternate, at least the -upper ones.—Species 1. North and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centuneulus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long. Fruit opening by 4-5 valves. Leaves opposite.—Species<br /> -2. North and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asterolinum</b> Link & Hoffmsg.<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit opening by a lid. Corolla red or blue. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them yield a fish-poison or medicaments, or -serve as ornamental plants. “Pimpernel.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anagallis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by valves. Corolla usually yellow or white.—Species 12.<br /> -North, South, and East Africa and Madagascar. Some are used as<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_420">{420}</a></span>ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Lubinia</i> Vent.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lysimachia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -9. Stamens with an acuminate connective, inserted at the base of the corolla.<br /> -Corolla white, about as long as the calyx, bell-shaped, deeply cleft, -ciliate. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the axils of the leaves.<br /> -Leaves alternate, stalked, cordate, lobed. Stem creeping.—Species 1.<br /> -Mountains of Central Africa. (Plate 122.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ardisiandra</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens with an obtuse connective, inserted in the tube of the corolla.<br /> -Flowers terminal, solitary or in umbels or whorls. Leaves radical.<br /> -Stem erect, sometimes very short.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla smaller than the calyx, bell-shaped, with a short tube, whitish or -reddish. Flowers in umbels. Leaves elliptical, subsessile.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Androsace</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla larger than the calyx, salver-shaped, with a long tube. Leaves -spatulate.—Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. Used as ornamental -or medicinal plants. “Primrose.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Primula</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_192">FAMILY 192.</a> PLUMBAGINACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves undivided. Flowers in spike-head -or panicle-like inflorescences, regular or nearly so, 5-merous, -hermaphrodite, bracteolate. Calyx with valvate or open aestivation, -usually folded. Petals more or less clearly united, with contorted -aestivation. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite to them. Anthers -turned inwards. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, suspended from the -basal funicle, inverted, with superior micropyle. Style or -style-branches 5. Seeds with a straight embryo and mealy -albumen.—Genera 7, species 90. (Plate 123.)</p> - -<p> -1. Styles united high up. Stamens generally free from the corolla. Inflorescence -usually simple; each flower with 2 bracteoles, which usually -bear no flowers in their axils. [Tribe PLUMBAGINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Styles free or united at the base only. Stamens attached to the corolla.<br /> -Inflorescence composed of cymes; each flower with 1-2 bracteoles, one -of which bears a flower in its axil. [Tribe STATICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Sepals glandular, evidently united below. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens -free from the corolla. Undershrubs.—Species 9. Some of them yield -arrow-poison, tanning materials, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plumbago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals without glands, free or nearly so. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube. Corolla salver-shaped, -pink or violet. Inflorescence capitate.—Species 2. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratostigma</b> Bunge<br /> -<br /> -Stamens free from the corolla. Corolla funnel-shaped. Inflorescence -spicate-paniculate.—Species 3. Central and South Africa. (<i>Vogelia</i><br /> -Lam.) (Plate 123.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dyerophyton</b> O. Ktze.<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube. Styles united nearly -halfway up. Corolla blue, with a long tube. Undershrubs.—Species 3.<br /> -North Africa. (<i>Bubania</i> Gir.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limoniastrum</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_123" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_123.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_123.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PLUMBAGINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 123.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Dyerophyton africanum (Lam.) O. Ktze.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_124" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_124.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_124.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SAPOTACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. Pl. AFR</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 124.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Mimusops Kummel Bruce</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Petal, stamen, and -staminodes. <i>D</i> Petal from outside. <i>E</i> Anther from outside. <i>F</i> -Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_421">{421}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -5. Stigmas capitate. Styles tubercled. Fruit opening by a lid. Inflorescence -paniculate. Herbs.—Species 1. North Africa. Yields tanning and -dyeing materials and medicaments, and serves as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Goniolimon</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas cylindrical or filiform.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Styles hairy. Petals almost free. Fruit bursting all round at the base.<br /> -Inflorescence capitate. Leaves usually linear.—Species 10. North<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Thrift.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Armeria</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Styles glabrous. Fruit opening with a lid, or bursting irregularly, or -remaining closed. Inflorescence paniculate.—Species 60. North<br /> -Africa, northern Central Africa, and South Africa. Some species are -used for tanning or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Limonium<br /> -Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Statice</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER EBENALES</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER SAPOTINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_193">FAMILY 193.</a> SAPOTACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary or in clusters in -the leaf-axils or on the trunk. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals united -below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite to -them, or more. Anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary superior, completely or -almost completely 2-or more-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, more -or less curved, the micropyle turned downwards. Style simple. Fruit a -berry.—Genera 19, species 150. (Plate 124.)</p> - -<p> -1. Petals with two sometimes laciniate or minute dorsal appendages, rarely -with one only. [Tribe MIMUSOPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Petals without dorsal appendages. [Tribe PALAQUIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 6; staminodes none. Appendages -of the petals small, toothed. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbuminous, -affixed by a broad, lateral hilum.—Species 1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Northea</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 6-8, but alternating with as many -staminodes, or more.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Fertile stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species<br /> -3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Yielding timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Labourdonnesia</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens as many, rarely twice as many as the petals.—Species 60.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, tanning-bark,<br /> -a resin (balata) similar to guttapercha, edible fruits, fat-containing seeds, -fish-poison, and medicaments. (Including <i>Baillonella</i> Pierre, <i>Dumoria</i><br /> -A. Chev., <i>Imbricaria</i> Commers., <i>Labramia</i> A. DC., and <i>Tieghemella</i><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_422">{422}</a></span>Pierre). (Plate 124.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mimusops</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Fertile stamens as many as petals. [Subtribe SIDEROXYLINAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens more than petals.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -5. Staminodes none, rarely 1-4, small.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes 5 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -6. Filaments with a leaf-like appendage. Leaves crowded at the top of the -branches; stipules linear. Flowers in clusters springing from older -branches.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptogyne</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments without a leaf-like appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Anthers converging around the style, oblong. Filaments adnate to the -long corolla-tube at their base. Sepals free. Endocarp separating and -enveloping the 5 seeds. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs with long, reddish -brown, undivided hairs. Leaves lanceolate, with 2 pouch-shaped -auricles at the base of the blade; side-nerves numerous, somewhat -distant, connected by numerous transverse veins.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Delpydora</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Anthers not converging. Leaves not auricled. Hairs usually 2-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Seeds albuminous. Primary side-nerves of the leaves usually approximate.—Species<br /> -20. Central and South Africa. Some species yield timber -or edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysophyllum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous, solitary. Stigma 5-lobed. Primary side-nerves -of the leaves somewhat distant. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Sepals free or nearly so. Tube of the corolla longer than the segments.<br /> -Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Leaves oblong or ovate; primary -side-nerves straight and connected by numerous transverse veins.—Species<br /> -6. Central Africa. They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malacantha</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Sepals obviously united at the base. Tube of the corolla as long as or -shorter than the segments. Anthers opening outwards. Leaves -lanceolate or elliptical; primary side-nerves arched, connected by a network -of veins.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla-tube as long as the segments. Ovules attached below the middle.—Species<br /> -6. Central Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Under <i>Sideroxylon</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sersalisia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube shorter than the segments. Ovules attached by the middle -or above it. Leaves lanceolate; stipules linear.—Species 4. Central<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and oily seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachystela</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -11. (5.) Ovary 2-6-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 8-12-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -12. Filaments much longer than the anthers. Staminodes linear. Style long.<br /> -Ovules attached above the middle. Corolla with a short tube and -narrow segments. Seed 1, with a very scanty albumen. Trees. Leaves -lanceolate, stipulate.—Species 4. West Africa. (Under <i>Sideroxylon</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bakerisideroxylon</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments about as long as or slightly longer than the anthers. Ovules<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_423">{423}</a></span>attached by the middle or below it.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Sepals united to above the middle. Anthers opening inwards. Staminodes -lanceolate or ovate. Styles very long, with a very small stigma. Seeds -exalbuminous. Trees. Leaves lanceolate.—Species 3. Central<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Stironcurum</i> Radlk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synsepalum</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or united at the base. Anthers opening outwards.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Staminodes awl-shaped. Ovary 2-4-celled. Seeds 2-4, connate, albuminous.<br /> -Spiny trees. Leaves lanceolate. Species 1. Morocco.<br /> -Yields timber (iron-wood) and oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argania</b> Roem. & Schult.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes more or less petal-like, or short and broad. Ovary usually<br /> -5-celled. Seeds separate or solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Staminodes more or less petal-like. Seeds albuminous, with leaf-like -cotyledons.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, -and Madeira. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, or medicaments.<br /> -(Including <i>Calvaria</i> Commers. and <i>Sapota</i> A. DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sideroxylon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes small, broad. Seeds exalbuminous, with thick cotyledons.<br /> -(See 10.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sersalisia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -16. Calyx 5-6-parted. Corolla 5-6-lobed. Ovary 10-12-celled. Ovules -attached by the base. Fruit 4-12-seeded. Seeds ovoid, compressed, -with a narrow hilum, albuminous. Flowers solitary.—Species 1<br /> -(<i>A. Sapota</i> L., sapodilla-plum). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields a -guttapercha-like resin, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under <i>Sapota</i><br /> -Plum.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achras</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 8-10-parted. Corolla 8-10-cleft or -parted. Ovary 8-10-celled.<br /> -Ovules attached by the middle. Fruit 1-4-seeded. Seeds globular, -with a broad hilum, exalbuminous. Flowers in clusters, clothed with -rusty-brown hairs.—Species 1 (<i>B. Parkii</i> Kotschy). Central Africa.<br /> -Yields timber, a guttapercha-like resin, edible fruits, and a fat (shea-butter) -from the seeds. (<i>Bassia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Butyrospermum</b> Kotschy<br /> -<br /> -17. (4.) Sepals 5, unequal, spirally arranged. Fertile stamens 15, 20, or -more; Staminodes 5 or more. Ovary 9-30-celled. Style cone- or -club-shaped. [Subtribe <small>OMPHALOCARPINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 4 or 6, nearly equal, whorled. Stamens 12 or 16, all fertile. Anthers -opening outwards. Style awl-shaped. [Subtribe <small>ILLIPINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -18. Stamens 15, united in 5 bundles. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary<br /> -10-celled. Style club-shaped. Petals 5, white. Sepals red. Flowers -solitary or few together in the axils of the lower, sometimes fallen leaves.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tridesmostemon</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 20 or more, free. Anthers opening inwards. Style cone-shaped,<br /> -Flowers springing from the old wood.—Species 13. West Africa.<br /> -They yield timber and a sort of guttapercha.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Omphalocarpum</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -19. Sepals 4. Petals 8. Stamens 16. Ovary 10-12-celled. Seeds albuminous.—Species<br /> -1. Cultivated in the tropics. Yields guttapercha.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Payena</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 6. Petals 6. Stamens 12. Ovary 6-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.—Species<br /> -2. Cultivated in the tropics. Yielding guttapercha.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Palaquium</b> Blanco<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_424">{424}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER DIOSPYRINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_194">FAMILY 194.</a> HOPLESTIGMATACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in -terminal panicles. Calyx closed in the bud, subsequently cleft into 2-4 -lobes. Corolla with a short tube and 11-14 imbricate segments. Stamens -23-34, inserted in the tube of the corolla. Anthers opening lengthwise. -Ovary 1-celled with 2 much projecting placentas. Ovules 4, pendulous -inverted. Styles 2, united at the base, with roundish stigmas. Fruit a -drupe with 2 empty cavities. Seeds with a large embryo and scanty -albumen. (Under <i>FLACOURTIACEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hoplestigma</b> Pierre<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_195">FAMILY 195.</a> EBENACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in -cymes in the leaf-axils, regular. Petals united below, with contorted, -rarely valvate aestivation. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite -to them, or more numerous, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube. -Filaments free or united in bundles. Anthers basifixed, 2-celled. Ovary -superior, sessile, 2-16-celled. Ovules 1-2 in each cell, pendulous, -inverted. Styles 2-8, free or united at the base. Seeds with a copious, -cartilaginous albumen and an axile embryo.—Genera 6, species 150. -Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 125.)</p> - -<p> -1. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Stamens about 30. Flowers 4-merous, -dioecious, the male in cymes, the female solitary.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetraclis</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Stamens 2-3, with hairy filaments and linear anthers. Corolla 3-4-lobed.<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Fruit oblong or ovoid. Leaves oblique -at the base.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphidanthe</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4 or more, very rarely 3, but then filaments glabrous and anthers -oblong or lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Stamens in a single row, 4-14, usually 10. Flowers usually hermaphrodite,<br /> -5-, rarely 4-, 6-, or 7-merous. Ovary 4-10-celled with 1 -ovule in each cell. Pericarp leathery.—Species 20. South and Central<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Royena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens in 2 or more rows, very rarely in a single row, but then only 3.<br /> -Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous. Pericarp usually fleshy.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary 3-celled with 2 ovules, or 6-celled with 1 ovule in each cell; in the -latter case female flowers with staminodes. Flowers 3-merous, more -rarely 4-6-merous. Stamens usually 9, glabrous. Leaves alternate.—Species<br /> -20. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield -timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Plate 125.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maba</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4- or 8-16-celled, rarely 2- or 6-celled; in the latter case female -flowers without staminodes. Flowers 4-7-, very rarely 3-merous.<br /> -Stamens usually 12-20.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_125" style="width: 339px;"> -<a href="images/plt_125.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_125.jpg" width="339" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>EBENACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 125.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Maba buxifolia (Rottb.) Pers.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Female flower -cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_126" style="width: 323px;"> -<a href="images/plt_126.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_126.jpg" width="323" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OLEACEAE</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 126.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Schrebera alata Welw.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Group of fruits. -<i>D</i> Fruit cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Fruit cut across.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_425">{425}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -5. Staminodes usually absent in the female flowers. Ovary 2-celled with 2 -ovules, or 4-6-celled with one ovule in each cell. Calyx not enlarged -after flowering. Fruit fleshy. Stamens 10-30.—Species 35. Central -and South Africa. Some species yield timber or edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euclea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes usually present in the female flowers. Ovary 4-16-, usually<br /> -8-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Calyx most frequently enlarged -after flowering. Stamens usually 16.—Species 75. Tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa. They yield timber (ebony), tanning and dyeing -materials, mucilage, edible fruits (date-plums), fish-poison, and medicaments.<br /> -(Including <i>Thespesocarpus</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diospyros</b> Dalech.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_196">FAMILY 196.</a> STYRACACEAE</p> - -<p>Trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary -or in pairs in the leaf-axils, clothed with stellate hairs, -hermaphrodite. Calyx closed in the bud, splitting subsequently into 2 or -3 segments. Petals 5, free, fleshy, whitish-yellow. Stamens 10, free. -Anthers basifixed, pointed, opening by 2 longitudinal slits. Ovary -superior, 1-celled. Ovules 6, basal, inverted. Style simple. Fruit dry, -indehiscent. Seed 1, with a crusty-woody testa and a copious, horny -albumen. Embryo axile, large, straight, with a short radicle and thin -cotyledons.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afrostyrax</b> Perkins & Gilg<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER CONTORTAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER OLEINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_197">FAMILY 197.</a> OLEACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate, usually -opposite. Flowers regular. Stamens 2, alternating with the carpels, -rarely 3-4, inserted on the corolla, if the latter is present. Disc -none. Ovary superior, rarely (<i>Fraxinus</i>) naked, 2-celled, rarely -3-4-celled. Ovules 1-4, usually 2, in each cell, inverted. Style simple; -stigmas 1-2. Seeds with a straight embryo.—Genera 11, species 120. -(Including <i>JASMINEAE</i>.) (Plate 126.)</p> - -<p> -1. Seeds erect or ascending, the radicle turned downwards. Fruit 2-parted, -but sometimes one half only developed. Corolla conspicuous, white -or yellow, with 5-6, more rarely 7-12 or 4 imbricate segments; in the -latter case anthers opening inside. Shrubs or undershrubs. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>JASMINOIDEAE</b>, tribe JASMINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Seeds pendulous or descending, the radicle turned upwards. Fruit not<br /> -2-parted. Petals 4 or 0, rarely 5-8; in this case petals valvate in bud or -stem tree-like. Anthers opening laterally, very rarely inside, but then -petals valvate in bud. [Subfamily <b>OLEOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit a capsule. Sepals linear. Corolla bell- or wheel-shaped, with a -short tube and 5-6 segments. Anthers opening laterally. Ovules<br /> -2-4 in each ovary-cell. Undershrubs. Leaves simple, undivided or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_426">{426}</a></span>pinnatifid.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Menodora</b> Humb. & Bonpl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry. Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers opening inside. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves compound, with 1-7 leaflets.—Species 60. Some of them -are used in perfumery and medicine or as ornamental plants (jessamine).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jasminum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -3. Fruit a linear or lanceolate winged nut. Seeds with fleshy albumen.<br /> -Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Corolla absent. Flowers unisexual or -polygamous. Leaves pinnate. Trees.—Species 4. North-west<br /> -Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments.<br /> -“Ash.” [Tribe FRAXINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fraxinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule, a berry, or a drupe. Corolla present.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit a capsule. Albumen very scanty or absent. Ovules 4 in each -ovary-cell. Corolla with a long tube and 4-8 imbricate lobes. Flowers -in panicles. Trees.—Species 15. Central and South Africa. (<i>Nathusia</i><br /> -Hochst.) (Plate 126.) [Tribe SYRINGEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schrebera</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry or a drupe. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Corolla with a -short tube or without a tube, and with valvate, rarely imbricate segments; -in the latter case shrubs with spicate or racemose flowers. Leaves -undivided. [Tribe OLEINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Petals free or united in pairs, with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Petals all united at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Flowers in axillary and terminal simple racemes. Embryo with a long -radicle.—Species 1. Canary Islands and Madeira. Yields timber.<br /> -(<i>Picconia</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Notelaea</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary or terminal compound racemes. Embryo with a short -radicle.—Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species -yield timber. (<i>Mayepea</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Linociera</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -7. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Flowers in axillary simple spikes -or racemes. Shrubs.—Species 4. North Africa. They yield timber -and medicaments, and serve also as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phillyrea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with induplicate-valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Corolla globular. Seeds exalbuminous, with thick cotyledons. Flowers -in axillary and terminal simple racemes, more rarely solitary or in -clusters. Trees. Species 6. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Some -have edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Noronhia</b> Stadtmann<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not globular. Seeds with a fleshy albumen and flat cotyledons.<br /> -Flowers in compound racemes or in clusters.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Corolla-tube very short; segments narrow, bent inwards at the margins.<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so. Anthers opening outwards. Flowers in clusters.<br /> -Low trees.—Species 1. Southern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dekindtia</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube not very short. Sepals united high up. Anthers opening -inwards or laterally. Flowers in compound racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Fruit a berry with a membranous or crustaceous endocarp, 2 cells, and 2-4 -seeds. Inflorescences terminal. Shrubs. Species 1. Naturalized -in North Africa. Serves as an ornamental or hedge plant; also the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_427">{427}</a></span>wood is used; the berries are poisonous. “Privet.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ligustrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a drupe with a bony, woody, or crustaceous endocarp and 1, rarely<br /> -2 seeds. Inflorescences usually axillary.—Species 15. Some of them, -especially the olive (<i>O. europaea</i> L.), yield timber, edible fruits, oil, and -medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Olea</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER GENTIANINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_198">FAMILY 198.</a> LOGANIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire, -rarely toothed or lobed; stipules well developed or reduced to a -transverse ridge or line connecting the leaf-stalks. Calyx-lobes 4-5. -Petals 4-16, united below. Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals, -inserted on the corolla. Ovary superior, completely or incompletely 2-, -rarely 4-celled, with 2 or more inverted ovules in each cell. Style -simple or 4-cleft. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 14, species 240. Tropical -and South Africa. (Plate 127.)</p> - -<p> -1. Glandular hairs present. Corolla-lobes 4, imbricate in bud. Stamens<br /> -4. Style simple. [Subfamily <b>BUDDLEIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Glandular hairs absent. [Subfamily <b>LOGANIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -2. Anther-halves cohering above, divergent below. Anthers projecting -beyond the corolla-tube. Filaments inserted at the throat of the -corolla. Style long; stigma small. Ovary incompletely 2-celled.<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Flowers in terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a -transverse line. Capitate tips of the glandular hairs consisting of several -cells.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield -timber. (Plate 127.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nuxia</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves separate. Style short with a thick stigma, rarely rather -long, but then flowers in racemes. Capitate tips of the glandular hairs -consisting of 2 cells.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Anthers distinctly projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Filaments inserted -at the base of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Flowers in many-flowered, terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a -transverse line. Trees.—Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chilianthus</b> Burch.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube or scarcely projecting.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Style long. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Flowers in terminal simple -racemes. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Shrubs.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa and southern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gomphostigma</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -Style short. Flowers in capitate, racemose, or panicled inflorescences composed -of cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovary completely or incompletely 4-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Fruit a -globular drupe. Flowers in terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a -transverse line.—Species 2. Madagascar. (Under <i>Buddleia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenoplea</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_428">{428}</a></span>Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit a globular drupe. Seeds with a small embryo. Ovary completely<br /> -2-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Inflorescences lateral, racemiform.<br /> -Leaves toothed, with foliaceous stipules.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenoplusia</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit an oblong berry or an oblong or ovate capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit a berry. Seeds with a comparatively large embryo. Ovary incompletely<br /> -2-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Inflorescences capitate.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 7. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nicodemia</b> Ten.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a small embryo.—Species 18. Tropical -and South Africa. Some species yield timber, dye-stuffs, a substitute -for soap, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buddleia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -8. (1.) Style 4-cleft. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Corolla -funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4-5. Fruit a -capsule. Leaves entire. Stipules triangular or united into a sheath.<br /> -[Tribe GELSEMIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Style simple. Ovules with several or many ovules in each cell, rarely -with 2, but then corolla valvate in bud.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers in few-flowered cymes enclosed by two large involucral bracts -united at the base. Stamens unequal in length.—Species 6. Central<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Mostuea</i> Didr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coinochlamys</b> Anders.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without an involucre.—Species 25. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mostuea</b> Didr.<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation; segments 5-16. Stamens -the same in number.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate aestivation; segments 4-5. Stamens the same in -number or fewer. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Inflorescences -terminal and lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Calyx with 4, corolla with 10-16 segments. Anthers long and narrow.<br /> -Disc present. Ovary 4-celled below, 2-celled above. Fruit a berry.<br /> -Inflorescences terminal.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some species have edible fruits or are used in medicine. [Tribe FRAGRAEEAE.].<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthocleista</b> Afz.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla with 5 segments each. Anthers short. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Inflorescences lateral.—Species 10 Madagascar -and Mascarenes. Some species yield timber. [Tribe LOGANIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geniostoma</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx-segments very unequal, one of them much larger than the others -and petal-like. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-lobed. Stamen 1. Ovary 2-celled -with numerous ovules. Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged. Climbing -shrubs.—Species 1. West Africa. [Tribe ANTONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Usteria</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments nearly equal. Stamens 4-5.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Corolla tubular, red. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell. Fruit a capsule.<br /> -Leaves whorled, linear. Flowers few, terminal or arising in the upper -leaf-axils. Shrubs. Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Retzia</b> Thunb.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_127" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_127.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_127.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LOGANIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 127.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Nuxia Autunesii Gilg</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower (from which the anthers have fallen off -excepting one). <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Ovary cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_128" style="width: 320px;"> -<a href="images/plt_128.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_128.jpg" width="320" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>GENTIANACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 128.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann. del.</p> - -<p>Chironia transvaalensis Gilg</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamen. <i>D</i> -Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Fruit. <i>F</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_429">{429}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -Corolla salver-, bell-, or wheel-shaped, usually white. Ovules several -or many in each ovary-cell. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite, 3-5-nerved—Species<br /> -110. Tropical and South Africa. Some species -yield timber, poisons, and medicaments; some have poisonous, others -edible fruits and seeds, which are also used for preparing alcohol. (Including<br /> -<i>Brehmia</i> Harv. and <i>Ignatia</i> L. f.) [Tribe STRYCHNEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strychnos</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_199">FAMILY 199.</a> GENTIANACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves undivided, sometimes reduced -to scales; stipules absent or replaced by a transverse ridge or line -connecting the leaf-stalks. Flowers regular, rarely (<i>Canscora</i>) -somewhat irregular. Petals united below. Stamens as many as the petals, -and alternating with them, 3-8, sometimes one only fertile. Ovary -superior, 1-celled with 2 or 4 parietal placentas, or 2-celled with -axile placentas. Ovules numerous. Style simple with 1-2 stigmas rarely -(<i>Erythraea</i>) 2-cleft. Fruit a capsule, rarely a nut or (<i>Chironia</i>) a -berry. Seeds minute, albuminous.—Genera 23, species 250. (Plate 128.)</p> - -<p> -1. Corolla with induplicate-valvate aestivation, 5-partite, white or yellow.<br /> -Pollen-grains compressed from one side. Ovary 1-celled, with little -intruding placentas. Stigma 2-partite. Leaves alternate or all radical, -broad-cordate. [Subfamily <b>MENYANTHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with contorted or imbricate aestivation. Pollen-grains not compressed -from one side. Leaves opposite or whorled or nearly so. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>GENTIANOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Stem erect. Leaves slightly cordate at the base, ovate, radical. Flowers -panicled. Fruit opening by 4 valves at the top.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Villarsia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -Stem floating or creeping. Leaves deeply cordate at the base. Flowers -fascicled. Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed.—Species<br /> -9. Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible roots or serve as -ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limnanthemum</b> Gmel.<br /> -<br /> -3. Stem and leaves reddish. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers solitary, -terminal. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-lobed, yellow or blue. Anthers -included. Pollen-grains with a single pore. Ovary 1-celled. Stigma -entire. Ovules straight. Seeds with a very scanty albumen.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa. (Under <i>Voyria</i> Aubl.) [Tribe LEIPHAIMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leiphaimos</b> Cham. & Schlechtd.<br /> -<br /> -Stem and leaves green. Leaves well developed, rarely very small, but -then flowers in cymes. Pollen-grains with 3 pores. Ovules inverted.<br /> -Seeds with copious albumen.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Pollen-grains connected in groups of four, tubercled on the surface. Calyx<br /> -4-toothed, with a winged tube. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Filaments<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_430">{430}</a></span>inserted on the upper part of the corolla-tube, winged at the base.<br /> -Ovary 1-celled. Stigma 2-partite.—Species 1. West Africa. Used -medicinally. [Tribe HELIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schultesia</b> Mart.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-grains separate. [Tribe GENTIANEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovary completely 2-celled. Pollen-grains very small.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. Pollen-grains rather -large.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -6. Anthers opening by terminal pores which are sometimes produced into -slits, without glands, exserted. Filaments inserted at the throat of the -corolla or somewhat lower. Corolla violet, pink, or white, with a short -and wide tube. Calyx winged.—Species 12. Tropics. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Exacum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits, nearly always with 1-4 small -glands at the base or the apex. Corolla yellow, with a more or less -elongated tube.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Filaments inserted in the -sinuses between the corolla-lobes.—Species 80. South Africa and -tropics. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sebaea</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Filaments inserted in the corolla-tube.<br /> -Flowers 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Filaments inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Calyx not winged.<br /> -Small plants with small flowers.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony). (Under <i>Sebaea</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lagenias</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments inserted in the middle or the upper part of the corolla-tube,<br /> -Calyx winged. Flowers rather large. Species 30. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. (<i>Parasia</i> Rafin., including <i>Exochaenium</i> Griseb., under<br /> -<i>Sebaea</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Belmontia</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary divided into incomplete cells by the intrusion of the placentas.<br /> -Stigma more or less distinctly 2-lobed. Stamens 5.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely one-celled with little intruding placentas.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -10. Anthers more or less twisted after flowering. Pollen-grains smooth.—Species<br /> -6. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Used as medicinal -or ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythraea</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers erect or bent back after flowering. Pollen-grains tubercled or -netted. Calyx with small scales on the inside.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Corolla yellow; tube short, glabrous within. Anthers exserted. Pollen-grains -tubercled. Leaves stem-clasping. Flowers in many-flowered -panicles with large bracts.—Species 1. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ixanthus</b> Griseb.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla white or red; tube long, with 5 small scales on the inside. Anthers -included. Pollen-grains netted. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered -cymes.—Species 9. Madagascar. Some are poisonous or are used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tachiadenus</b> Griseb.<br /> -<br /> -12 Corolla with 1-2 glandular nectaries at the base of each segment; tube -very short. Stamens 4-5. Pollen-grains tubercled.—Species 35.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_431">{431}</a></span>Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sweertia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla without nectaries, but sometimes with scales at the insertion of the -stamens. Pollen-grains smooth or dotted.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Corolla with distinctly unequal segments and imbricate, more rarely -contorted aestivation, white or red. Stamens 4, inserted at different -heights on the corolla-tube, usually one only perfect. Pollen-grains -smooth. Stigma 2-lobed.—Species 3. Tropics. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Canscora</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with equal or subequal segments and contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Fertile stamen 1, staminodes 3; all inserted in the sinuses between the -corolla-lobes. Pollen-grains smooth. Corolla yellow, with a short -tube. Stigma 2-lobed. Stem 4-angled or winged. Leaves very small, -decurrent along the stem. Flowers in dense cymes.—Species 1.<br /> -Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under <i>Canscora</i> Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schinziella</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 3-8, rarely more.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Flowers 6-8-merous, rarely polymerous. Corolla yellow, with a short -tube. Pollen-grains smooth. Stigma 2-parted with deeply notched -branches. Flowers in lax cymes.—Species 2. North-west Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 3-5-merous. Stigma entire or 2-parted with entire branches.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers 3-merous. Sepals very unequal. Corolla with a long tube, -usually blue. Stamens inserted at the throat; filaments with a swelling -at the base. Stigma 2-parted. Flowers crowded in heads.—Species 3.<br /> -Southern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnosphaera</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-5-merous. Sepals not very unequal.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Flowers 4-merous. Anthers ovate, rarely oblong. Pollen-grains smooth.<br /> -Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Anthers oblong or linear.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -18. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube. Calyx 8-12-ribbed.<br /> -Corolla with a narrow tube. Stigma 2-lobed. Dwarf herbs.<br /> -Flowers solitary or paired in the leaf-axils, sometimes forming racemes -or corymbs.—Species 8. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neurotheca</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anthers ovate. Flowers -small.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Flowers in dense fascicles. Calyx divided to the middle or below the -middle. Corolla with 4 scales at the throat.—Species 10. Central -and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Faroa</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in lax cymes. Corolla without scales at the throat. Dwarf -herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Stem much branched. Calyx deeply divided. Corolla with a long tube -and broad lobes. Stigma 2-parted.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cicendia</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Stem not or scantily branched. Calyx shortly toothed. Corolla with a -rather long tube and narrow segments. Stigma entire or notched.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_432">{432}</a></span>1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microcala</b> Link & Hoffmsg.<br /> -<br /> -21. Filaments with a double scale at the base, inserted at the middle of the -corolla-tube. Anthers included, not twisted. Pollen-grains smooth.<br /> -Corolla-tube long. Stigma entire. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 3. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used medicinally.<br /> -(<i>Hippion</i> Spreng.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enicostemma</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Filaments without a scale at the base. Anthers usually exserted and -twisted after flowering. Flowers in usually lax cymes or solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Stigma 2-lobed or 2-parted. Pollen-grains medium-sized, smooth. Herbs.<br /> -(See 10.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythraea</b> L. C. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma entire. Pollen-grains very large, dotted. Corolla-tube rather -short.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Calyx with blunt, not keeled segments. Glands between calyx and corolla -present. Corolla red. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla.<br /> -Hairy shrubs. Flowers large, in terminal cymes.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa (Cape Colony). Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orphium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with pointed, usually keeled segments. Glands between calyx and -corolla absent.—Species 40. South Africa, southern Central Africa, -and Malagasy Islands. Some species serve as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Plocandra</i> E. Mey.) (Plate 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chironia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_200">FAMILY 200.</a> APOCYNACEAE</p> - -<p>Usually woody plants. Juice milky. Leaves entire, usually penninerved -with closely arranged, parallel primary side-nerves, generally opposite. -Flowers with bracteoles, usually panicled, regular or nearly so, 5-, -very rarely 4-merous, hermaphrodite. Calyx imbricate in bud, usually -deeply divided. Petals united below, with contorted aestivation. Stamens -as many as the petals, inserted in the tube or at the throat of the -corolla. Filaments free, short. Anthers opening inwards by two -longitudinal slits, sometimes adhering to the stigma. Pollen granular. -Ovary superior, more rarely half-inferior, 1-2-celled, or 2, rarely -(<i>Pleiocarpa</i>) 3-5 separate ovaries. Ovules 2 or more in each cell, -rarely solitary, pendulous, inverted. Style simple or divided at the -base, thickened at the apex, bearing the stigmas on the under-surface of -the thickened part (stigmatic or stylar head), and sometimes two-lobed -above it. Seeds usually albuminous and provided with a wing or a tuft of -hairs.—Genera 61, species 450. (Plate 129.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamens closely connected with the stigmatic head. Anthers prolonged -at the base into empty tails. Corolla-lobes usually overlapping to the -right. Fruit dry, dehiscent. Seeds usually with a tuft of hairs. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>ECHITIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Stamens free or loosely cohering with the stigmatic head. Anthers without -tails, full of pollen to the base, more rarely prolonged into tails, but then -fruit fleshy and most frequently indehiscent. Corolla-lobes usually overlapping -to the left. Seeds usually without a tuft of hairs. [Subfamily<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_433">{433}</a></span><b>PLUMIEROIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -2. Anthers projecting beyond the mouth of the corolla-tube. [Tribe PARSONSIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Anthers, entirely or for the greatest part, concealed within the corolla-tube.<br /> -[Tribe ECHITIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -3. Calyx without glands; segments blunt. Corolla with a very short tube -without scales; segments overlapping to the right. Filaments twisted -around the style. Disc cupular, irregularly crenate. Twining shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dewevrella</b> De Wild.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with glands on the inside. Disc 5-lobed or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Disc 5-lobed. Calyx with 5-10 glands. Corolla white, with 5-10 -confluent scales at the throat; segments overlapping to the right.<br /> -Seeds glabrous. Trees or erect shrubs, glabrous.—Species 1. Northern<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Malouetia</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Disc absent. Seeds hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Calyx with pointed segments and 10—20 glands. Corolla glabrous at the -throat; segments unequal-sided, overlapping to the right. Seeds with<br /> -a terminal and a smaller basal tuft of hairs. Twining shrubs.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isonema</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with blunt segments and 5-10 glands. Corolla nearly always with -scales at the throat; segments overlapping to the left. Erect shrubs -or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Flowers small. Seeds covered all over with long hairs densest at the -base.—Species 5. West Africa. (Under <i>Wrightia</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleioceras</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers rather large. Seeds provided at the base with a deciduous tuft -of hairs.—Species 3. South-east Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wrightia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -7. Leaves alternate. Stem succulent. Flowers subsessile. Calyx without -glands, with subulate or lanceolate segments. Corolla usually funnel-shaped; -segments overlapping to the right. Ovary superior.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite or whorled. Stem woody.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Leaves with 2 or more spines at their base or in their axils. Disc 5-lobed or -replaced by 2-5 glands. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at the apex.—Species<br /> -15. Madagascar, South Africa, and Angola.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachypodium</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves and stem without spines. Corolla red. Disc none. Seeds with<br /> -a tuft of hairs at either end. Flowers large, in few-flowered cymes.—Species<br /> -13. Central and South Africa. Some species yield an arrow-poison.<br /> -(<i>Idaneum</i> O. Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenium</b> Roem. & Schult.<br /> -<br /> -9. Corolla with separate or confluent scales at the throat.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Corolla naked at the throat, but sometimes with scales or swellings lower -down in the tube.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -10. Scales at the throat of the corolla united into a tubular, 15-crenate corona.<br /> -Corolla salver-shaped, the segments overlapping to the left. Calyx without -glands. Ovary superior. Seeds with a basal tuft of hairs. Erect<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_434">{434}</a></span>shrubs. Flowers small.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stephanostema</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Scales at the throat of the corolla free or slightly united at the base. Corolla-segments -nearly always overlapping to the right. Ovary almost superior -or half-inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Corolla salver-shaped with 5 entire scales at the throat. Calyx without -glands, rarely with 5 small glands within. Filaments inserted on the -lower part of the corolla-tube. Disc cup-shaped, 5-lobed or 5-parted.<br /> -Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, without axillary glands. Flowers -small.—Species 12. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oncinotis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla funnel-shaped, with 5 divided scales at the throat. Calyx with -usually numerous glands within. Disc none.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Corolla with laciniate scales at the throat, and with broad, not tailed segments, -white or red. Anthers with a tailed connective. Mericarps at -first cohering, subsequently divergent. Seeds with an apical tuft of -hairs. Erect shrubs or low trees. Leaves whorled, narrow, densely -veined. Flowers large.—Species 1 (<i>N. Oleander</i> L.). North Africa.<br /> -A poisonous plant yielding wood and medicaments and used as an -ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nerium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with bipartite scales at the throat, and with usually tailed segments.<br /> -Mericarps divaricate, ultimately spreading horizontally. Seeds with a -basal tuft of hairs and a long apical awn. Leaves usually opposite, -with axillary glands.—Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield vegetable silk, poisons, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Roupellia</i> Baill. and <i>Zygonerion</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strophanthus</b> P. DC.<br /> -<br /> -13. Corolla bell-, pitcher-, or funnel-shaped, usually small and with scales -in the tube. Calyx-segments with 3-5 glands or without glands at the -base. Twining shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Corolla salver-shaped and more or less constricted at the mouth, usually -large and without scales in the tube.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -14. Calyx and corolla very large; corolla white, with a glabrous tube, the -segments short and overlapping to the right. Filaments thickened -above. Anthers acuminate. Disc cupular, lobed. Stigmatic head -conical. Leaves with distant nerves and axillary glands. Flowers in -terminal cymes.—Species 1. Naturalized in Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Beaumontia</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx and corolla small or medium-sized; in the latter case corolla-segments -long. Leaves with distant nerves but without glands, or with closely -set nerves and with axillary glands.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Corolla-segments overlapping to the left; tube very short, with 10 longitudinal -ridges. Anthers very shortly tailed. Disc none. Ovules 4 in -each carpel. Leaves closely nerved, with small, axillary glands.—Species<br /> -2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnobotrya</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-segments overlapping to the right. Disc cupular. Ovules numerous<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_435">{435}</a></span>in each carpel. Leaves remotely nerved, without axillary glands.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Anthers with blunt, reflexed tails at the base and a small, feathery mucro -at the apex. Corolla white or yellow; tube with 5 longitudinal ridges -inside, without scales or swellings. Stigmatic head spindle-shaped, with<br /> -2 narrow lobes. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs.—Species 5. West<br /> -Africa and equatorial Lake-region. One species yields rubber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Motandra</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers with pointed, almost straight tails at the base and without an -apical mucro. Corolla-tube usually with scales or swellings above the -insertion of the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Flowers in dense axillary cymes, inconspicuous. Corolla-lobes as long as or -shorter than the tube, broad. Stigmatic head conical, crowned by a<br /> -2-cleft point.—Species 5. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zygodia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal and axillary panicles or corymbs, more rarely in few-flowered -cymes. Corolla-lobes as long as or longer than the tube, usually -narrow. Stigmatic head campanulate. Seeds with an apical tuft of -hairs.—Species 20. West Africa and Madagascar. One species yields -rubber. (Including <i>Codonura</i> K. Schum., <i>Guerkea</i> K. Schum., and<br /> -<i>Perinerion</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baissea</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -18. Calyx with 5 glands inside the base. Disc none. Twining shrubs. Stipules -usually present.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with numerous glands inside the base. Erect shrubs or trees.<br /> -Stipules absent.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Ovary 1, entire, more or less completely 2-celled—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Alafia</i> Thouars).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holalafia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries 2, free.—Species 15. Tropics. (Including <i>Ectinocladus</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alafia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -20. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Calyx with unequal segments.<br /> -Disc absent. Ovary 1, two-celled.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ochronerium</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. Disc present. Ovaries 2, free.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Flowers in many-flowered, axillary cymes. Corolla fleshy, white or -yellowish; segments not folded in the bud. Stigmatic head ovoid.<br /> -Mericarps oblong or spindle-shaped. Seeds with a feathery, basal awn.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa. One of them (<i>F. elastica</i> Stapf, Ireh-tree) -yields rubber (Lagos-rubber). (Under <i>Kickxia</i> Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Funtumia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in few-flowered fascicles. Corolla not fleshy, usually -red; segments folded lengthwise in the bud. Stigmatic head oblong.<br /> -Mericarps linear. Seeds with an apical tuft of hairs.—Species 30.<br /> -Madagascar and East Africa. Some of the species yield timber and -rubber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mascarenhasia</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -22. (1.) Carpels united throughout their whole length. [Tribe ARDUINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Carpels only partly united; ovaries wholly free or in their upper part only,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_436">{436}</a></span>styles usually free at the base. [Tribe PLUMIEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -23. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. [Subtribe <small>LANDOLPHIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 2-celled. [Subtribe <small>MELODININAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -24. Corolla funnel-shaped, large, yellow; tube cylindric below, much widened -above. Disc ring-shaped. Calyx without glands. Stamens inserted -somewhat below the mouth of the corolla-tube. Fruit a woody, spinous,<br /> -2-valved capsule. Seeds winged, with fleshy albumen. Erect shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the tropics. An ornamental and medicinal -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allamanda</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla salver-shaped; tube more or less cylindric. Disc none. Fruit<br /> -a berry.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Anthers tailed at the base. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Calyx small, with 5 small glands within. Ovary incompletely<br /> -2-celled. Style short. Seeds with fleshy, ruminate albumen. Erect -shrubs or trees.—Species 5. West Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Iboga</i><br /> -Schum.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tabernanthe</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers not tailed. Calyx small and without glands inside, or large and -with numerous glands within. Seeds with horny albumen. Twining -shrubs, more rarely erect shrubs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Stamens inserted near the mouth of the corolla-tube. Style long, usually -hairy. Calyx without glands.—Species 35. Central Africa. Some -species yield rubber and edible fruits. (Including <i>Sclerodictyon</i> Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carpodinus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted near the base or the middle of the corolla-tube. Style -short or rather short, usually glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Calyx large, with numerous filiform glands within, spreading or bent back -in the fruit. Corolla fleshy. Placentas much projecting. Pericarp -woody. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Congo). (Under <i>Landolphia</i> Beauv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vahadenia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Calyx small, without glands on the inside.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Flowers in axillary, or axillary and terminal cymes. Ovules 12-16; -placentas much projecting. Glabrous plants.—Species 25. Central<br /> -Africa. Several species yield rubber. (Including <i>Aphanostylis</i> Pierre -and <i>Cylindropsis</i> Pierre). (Plate 129.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clitandra</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal panicles or corymbs sometimes overtopped by barren -shoots and then apparently lateral.—Species 45. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Several species yield rubber, dyes, and edible fruits, from -which drinks are prepared. (Pacourea Aubl., including <i>Ancylobothrys</i><br /> -Pierre and <i>Vahea</i> Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Landolphia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -29. (23.) Carpels cohering along the ventral suture only. Ovules numerous, -in several rows. Stigmatic head glabrous. Stamens inserted in the -upper half of the corolla-tube. Fruit usually of 2 spreading berries.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_437">{437}</a></span>Trees. Leaves opposite, with numerous axillary glands. Flowers in -terminal false umbels.—Species 1. West Africa. (Under <i>Tabernaemontana</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Picralima</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Carpels wholly connate. Fruit entire.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Ovules numerous in each cell, in several rows. Disc none. Stamens -inserted in the lower half of the corolla-tube. Calyx without glands.<br /> -Fruit a capsule. Seeds ciliate. Erect shrubs. Leaves whorled.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craspidosperma</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-10 in each cell, in one or two rows.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Stamens inserted in the lower half of the corolla-tube. Anthers linear.<br /> -Calyx-tube with many glands inside. Disc ring-shaped. Stigmatic -head cylindrical. Unarmed, climbing shrubs.—Species 1. West Africa<br /> -(Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclocotyla</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the upper half of the corolla-tube. Stigmatic head -crowned by a hairy point. Fruit a berry. Leaves opposite, with a few -axillary glands or without glands.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Stem unarmed, erect, woody. Bark bitter, poisonous. Inflorescences -axillary. Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell.—Species 4. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. They yield arrow-poison and are used as ornamental -plants. (<i>Toxicophloea</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acocanthera</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Stem spinous. Bark not bitter nor poisonous. Inflorescences terminal -or pseudo-axillary.—Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments, or serve as hedge -plants. (<i>Arduina</i> Mill., <i>Carandas</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carissa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -33. (22.) Ovules 2-6 in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 8 or more in each carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -34. Placentas much projecting. Fruit drupaceous. Trees or shrubs. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CERBERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -Placentas little projecting. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Leaves -opposite or whorled. [Subtribe <small>RAUWOLFIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -35. Corolla without scales at the throat; segments overlapping to the right.<br /> -Calyx-segments blunt, imbricate in bud. Anthers pointed. Leaves -opposite or whorled.—Species 1. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands. Yields timber, dyes, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ochrosia</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with scales at the throat; segments overlapping to the left. Calyx-segments -pointed. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Calyx with many glands. Corolla yellow. Disc present. Ovules 2 in a -carpel.—Species 1 (<i>Th. neriifolia</i> Juss.). Cultivated in the tropics.<br /> -The seeds yield oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thevetia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx without glands. Corolla white or reddish. Disc absent. Ovules 4 -in a carpel.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Calyx-segments broadened at the base, imbricate in bud, persistent.<br /> -Corolla-tube slightly widened at the throat. Anthers blunt. Pericarp<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_438">{438}</a></span>not fibrous.—Species 1. Madagascar. Yields timber and poison.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tanghinia</b> Thouars<br /> -Calyx-segments narrowed at the base, open in bud, deciduous. Corolla-tube -constricted at the throat. Anthers pointed. Pericarp fibrous.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Yields oil, poison, -and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cerbera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -38. Ovules 4-6 in a carpel, in two rows. Disc and glands of the calyx obscure -or wanting. Seeds with ruminate albumen. Leaves remotely-nerved, -usually whorled.—Species 4. Madagascar. (<i>Gynopogon</i> Forst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alyxia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2-4 in a carpel, in one row. Seeds with uniform albumen or -without albumen. Leaves usually closely-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Disc distinctly developed, cup-shaped. Calyx without glands at the base.<br /> -Stigmatic head short-cylindrical with a membranous margin at the base.<br /> -Fruit drupaceous. Seeds with a fleshy albumen. Leaves with numerous -axillary glands, usually whorled.—Species 25. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rauwolfia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc obscure or wanting. Anthers pointed. Leaves with hardly perceptible -axillary glands or without glands.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Calyx with glands at the base. Stigmatic head elliptical, ending in a 2-cleft -point. Fruit berry- or nut-like. Seeds with a cartilaginous albumen.<br /> -Trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hunteria</b> Roxb.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx without basal glands.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Stigmatic head depressed-capitate, ending in a 2-cleft point. Carpels 2.<br /> -Mericarps leathery or woody, dehiscent. Seeds winged, exalbuminous; -embryo with kidney-shaped cotyledons and a short radicle. Leaves -opposite. Flowers in terminal panicles.—Species 5. Central Africa.<br /> -One species yields a kind of rubber or resin used as a varnish.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplorrhynchus</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head oblong-ellipsoid, without a distinct point. Carpels 2-5.<br /> -Mericarps berry-like. Seeds not winged, with cartilaginous albumen; -embryo with oblong cotyledons and a long radicle. Flowers in axillary, -rarely pseudo-terminal fascicles or panicles.—Species 13. Central<br /> -Africa. One species yields a kind of rubber, another a poison.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleiocarpa</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -42. (33.) Calyx with glands at the base. Fruit succulent, usually indehiscent.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>TABERNAEMONTANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -Calyx without basal glands, rarely (<i>Holarrhena</i>) the inner sepals with glands, -the outer without. Fruit dry, usually dehiscent. [Subtribe <small>ALSTONIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -43. Stigmatic head with a usually ring-shaped appendage at the base. Anthers -more or less sagittate.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head without a basal appendage. Anthers shortly 2-lobed -at the base. Sepals free or nearly so. Corolla-lobes overlapping to<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_439">{439}</a></span>the left.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -44. Sepals united high up, obtuse, usually deciduous. Stamens inserted above -the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers deeply sagittate. Disc usually -distinctly developed. Inflorescences terminal.—Species 15. Tropical -and South-east Africa. (<i>Orchipeda</i> Blume, <i>Piptolaena</i> Harv., under<br /> -<i>Tabernaemontana</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Voacanga</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. Stamens inserted in the middle -of the corolla-tube. Anther-halves pointed at the base. Disc adnate -to the ovary for the greatest part. Ovules about 9 in a cell, in two rows.<br /> -Mericarps striped, dehiscent. Shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers -small.—Species 1. East Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizozygia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left. Disc free or wanting. Leaves -stipulate.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Corolla-tube slightly widened above the insertion of the stamens. Anthers -obtusely 2-lobed at the base. Disc ring-shaped. Shrubs. Flowers -large, white.—Species 6. West Africa. (Under <i>Tabernaemontana</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callichilia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube gradually narrowed above the insertion of the stamens.<br /> -Anthers distinctly sagittate. Disc wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Corolla-tube slender or widened at the base; stamens inserted near its base.<br /> -Climbing shrubs. Leaves without axillary glands.—Species 8. West<br /> -Africa to the Great Lakes. (Under <i>Tabernaemontana</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gabunia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube widened and bearing the stamens at the middle. Trees or erect -shrubs. Leaves usually with numerous axillary glands.—Species 35.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, fibres, rubber, -edible fruits, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants; some -are poisonous. (Under <i>Tabernaemontana</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conopharyngia</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -48. Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped; tips of the lobes not bent inwards in the -bud. Disc ring-shaped, adnate to the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Corolla salver-shaped; tips of the lobes bent inwards in the bud. Disc -none.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -49. Narrow part of the corolla-tube short. Bracts small, not forming an -involucre. Undershrubs with a creeping root-stock.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calocrater</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Narrow part of the corolla-tube long. Bracts large, forming an involucre.<br /> -Erect or twining shrubs.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crioceras</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -50. Stigmatic head globose, entire, without an apical point. Mericarps 3-winged, -not or tardily dehiscent. Erect shrubs. Axillary glands and -stipules present. Flowers small, in terminal few-flowered cymes.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa. (Under <i>Tabernaemontana</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterotaberna</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_440">{440}</a></span>Stigmatic head oblong, crowned by a 2-cleft point.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Anthers linear, on short but distinct filaments. Axillary glands and -stipules present.—Species 2, one a native of Madagascar, the other -naturalized in the tropics. Ornamental plants. (Under <i>Tabernaemontana</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ervatamia</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Anthers oblong or ovate, sessile. Axillary glands and stipules absent.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa. (Under <i>Carpodinus</i> R. Br. or <i>Picralima</i><br /> -Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polyadoa</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -52. (42.) Disc reduced to two glands alternating with the carpels. Ovules in -two rows. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers solitary, axillary.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -Disc ring-shaped or wanting. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -53. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla-tube; filament inflexed; -connective broadened, hairy. Stigmatic head with 5 tufts of hairs.<br /> -Corolla blue.—Species 2, one a native of North-west Africa, the other -naturalized there and in the Islands of St. Helena and Ascension. Used -as ornamental and medicinal plants. “Periwinkle.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vinca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube; filament very -short, oblong; connective glabrous, not broadened. Stigmatic head -glabrous. Corolla white or pink.—Species 3; two natives of Madagascar, -the other one naturalized in Tropical and South Africa. They are used -as ornamental and medicinal plants. (Under <i>Vinca</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lochnera</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -54. Disc distinct, wavy, adnate to the ovary. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens -inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers with long, -curved tails. Erect shrubs. Leaves opposite.—Species 2. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carvalhoa</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Disc obscure or absent. Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers with short -tails or without tails.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -55. Ovary half-inferior. Style very short. Calyx-lobes broad. Stamens -inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Seeds winged. Leaves -alternate, exstipulate, without axillary glands. Erect shrubs or trees.—Species<br /> -3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics.<br /> -They yield timber, perfumes, medicaments, and edible fruits, and serve -also as ornamental plants. (<i>Plumeria</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plumeria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary superior. Leaves opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Corolla with a short ventricose tube and with 5 scales at the throat. Ovules -in two rows. Mericarps keeled or winged, long cohering. Twining -shrubs. Leaves opposite.—Species 5. Madagascar. Some are -poisonous or yield rubber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plectaneia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a long, cylindric tube slightly widened at the insertion of the -stamens, without scales, but sometimes with hairs or with a continuous -ring at the throat. Ovules usually in three or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Corolla with a tubercled ring at the throat. Stamens inserted in the upper -part of the corolla-tube. Stigmatic head conical, with a membranous<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_129" style="width: 332px;"> -<a href="images/plt_129.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_129.jpg" width="332" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>APOCYNACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 129.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Clitandra Arnoldiana De Wild.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_130" style="width: 331px;"> -<a href="images/plt_130.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_130.jpg" width="331" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ASCLEPIADACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 130.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Tacazzea venosa (Hochst.) Decne.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (<i>a</i> corona-lobe, <i>b</i> -pollen-carrier). <i>C</i> Corolla-segment and corona-lobes. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> -Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_441">{441}</a></span></p> - -<p> -margin at the base. Small trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers in -terminal, many-flowered panicles.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stephanostegia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla without a ring, but sometimes with a crown of hairs at the throat.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -58. Corolla-lobes overlapping to the right. Calyx-segments narrow. Stamens -inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Seeds with an apical -tuft of hairs. Trees or erect shrubs. Leaves opposite, herbaceous, -exstipulate.—Species 6. Tropics. Some of them yield timber or -medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holarrhena</b> R.Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-lobes overlapping to the left.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -59. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube. Anthers with short, -pointed tails at the base. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, stipulate, -without axillary glands. (See 46.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gabunia</b> K. Schum,.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the middle or in the upper part of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Anthers not tailed.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Stamens inserted about the middle of the corolla-tube. Anthers acuminate.<br /> -Stigmatic head elliptical. Seeds winged. Twining shrubs. Leaves -opposite. Flowers in lateral, few-flowered cymes.—Species 2. Madagascar -and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ellertonia</b> Wight<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube. Erect shrubs.<br /> -Leaves whorled. Flowers in terminal cymes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -61. Ovules in two rows. Corolla yellow, glabrous at the throat; lobes auricled -at the base. Seeds winged. Leaves with few or obscure side-nerves.<br /> -Flowers in few-flowered cymes.—Species 1. South Africa. Yields -timber and an aromatic oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gonioma</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules in 3 or more rows. Seeds hairy. Leaves with numerous side-nerves.<br /> -Flowers in many-flowered, whorled panicles.—Species 1.<br /> -Central Africa. Poisonous and yielding cork-wood, a guttapercha-like -resin, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alstonia</b> R. Br.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_201">FAMILY 201.</a> ASCLEPIADACEAE</p> - -<p>Stem usually twining and woody at the base. Juice mostly milky. Leaves -simple, without stipules, usually opposite, sometimes reduced to scales. -Flowers with bracts and bracteoles, regular, hermaphrodite, 5-merous. -Sepals free or nearly so, imbricate in bud. Petals united below, with -contorted or valvate aestivation. Stamens 5, usually adnate to the -style. Filaments short or wanting. Pollen-grains united in waxy masses -or in granules of 3-5 grains. Corona formed of appendages of the petals -or stamens, rarely wanting. Disc none. Ovaries 2, free, superior, rarely -half-inferior, with many pendulous inverted ovules on a ventral -placenta, very rarely (<i>Emicocarpus</i>) with 1-2 ovules. Styles 2, united -above into a thickened, sometimes 2-parted head bearing on its under -surface 5 stigmatic dots and on its flanks between the anthers 5 small, -usually horny bodies (“pollen-carriers”) to which the pollen is<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_442">{442}</a></span> -attached. Fruit of one or two follicles. Seeds usually with a tuft of -hairs and scanty albumen. Embryo with flat cotyledons and a short -radicle.—Genera 118, species 1100. (Including <i>PERIPLOCACEAE</i>). (Plate -130.)</p> - -<p> -1. Pollen in loosely cohering granules formed of 3-5 grains each. Pollen-carriers -spoon- or trumpet-shaped, consisting of the concave blade -holding the pollen, the stalk, and the adhesive gland at its base. Filaments -usually free. [Subfamily <b>PERIPLOCOIDEAE</b>, tribe PERIPLOCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Pollen of each anther-half closely united into 1-2 waxy masses. Pollen-carriers -not spoon- or trumpet-shaped, consisting of a central body and -two lateral, rarely obsolete arms (“caudicles”) to which the pollen-masses -are attached. Filaments nearly always united or wanting.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>CYNANCHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -2. Corona inserted on the stamens or at their base.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Corona inserted on the corolla remote from the stamens, but sometimes -decurrent nearly to the insertion of the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -3. Corona consisting of free scales or threads.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Corona consisting of scales or threads united at their base.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -4. Corona indistinct, consisting of minute scales.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Corona distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Corona adnate to the filaments. Corolla-lobes oval. Anthers ovate-oblong.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate. Flowers in dense, long-stalked cymes or -panicles.—Species 2. East Africa. (Including <i>Macropelma</i> Schum. -and <i>Sacleuxia</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnolaema</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corona free from the filaments. Corolla-lobes linear-oblong. Anthers -linear-oblong. Leaves orbicular. Flowers in lax cymes.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baseonema</b> Schlecht. & Rendle<br /> -<br /> -6. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestivation, divided nearly to the -base. Calyx without glands. Corona-lobes broad, contiguous, usually -with a linear, 2-cleft dorsal appendage. Stem twining. Leaves cordate, -connected by a toothed stipular sheath. Inflorescences axillary.—Species<br /> -2. Central and South-east Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlorocodon</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with distinctly contorted aestivation. Sepals alternating with -glands, very rarely without, but then stem erect.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Anthers hairy. Corona-lobes thread-like, sometimes broadened at the base -or cleft at the top.—Species 5. Some of them yield fibre, rubber, -poison, or medicaments. (Including <i>Parquetina</i> Baill. and <i>Socotora</i><br /> -Balf. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Periploca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Stem woody, twining. Leaves linear. Inflorescences axillary or on -axillary dwarf-shoots. Corolla white, rotate, divided nearly to the -base. Corona-lobes thread-like, 3-cleft.—Species 1. Equatorial East<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_443">{443}</a></span>Africa. (<i>Pleurostelma</i> Schlecht., under <i>Tacazzea</i> Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schlechterella</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, usually erect; underground -part tuberous. Corolla with a distinct tube, rarely divided nearly to -the base, but then inflorescences terminal.—Species 30. Central and<br /> -South Africa. Several species yield rubber. (<i>Raphionacme</i> Harv., -including <i>Gonocrypta</i> Baill., <i>Kompitsia</i> Cost. et Gall., and <i>Mafekingia</i><br /> -Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Raphiacme</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -9. (3.) Corona indistinct, consisting of minute scales. Corolla dark purple.<br /> -Seeds hairy all round. Leaves oblong-cordate, connected by a large -toothed stipular sheath. Flowers in axillary panicles.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial West Africa. (Including <i>Perithrix</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Batesanthus</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Corona distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with distinctly contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -11. Corona-lobes united high up, usually 10. Anthers with a leaf-like appendage -at the top. Pollen-carriers at first hooded, subsequently spreading -reniform. Flowers in axillary cymes.—Species 7. Madagascar and<br /> -Mascarenes. Used medicinally. (Including <i>Baroniella</i> Cost. et Gall.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camptocarpus</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes united at the base only, lanceolate, 5. Anthers with a small -appendage or without any. Pollen-carriers spatulate or spoon-shaped.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Corona-lobes rather blunt. Anthers ending in a membranous, trigonous -appendage. Stigmatic head 5-angled. Flowers in few-flowered axillary -cymes.—Species 1. Island of Rodrigues.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tanulepis</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes tailed. Anthers without an appendage. Stigmatic head -conical. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symphytonema</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -13. Anthers hairy. (See 7.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Periploca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers glabrous. Corona-lobes 5, filiform or linear.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Stigmatic head flat, 5-lobed. Corona-lobes shortly and unequally two-cleft -at the top. Corolla yellow. Flowers small, in axillary panicles.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpanema</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head short-conical. Corona-lobes entire or divided into 2-3 -filiform branches.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Corona-lobes provided with 2 lateral teeth at the base; no lobules within -them. Pollen-carriers with an oval, entire blade. Corolla greenish.<br /> -Flowers large, in terminal cymes. Leaves oblong-obovate.—Species 1.<br /> -South-east Africa. (Under <i>Raphionacme</i> Harv,.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlorocyathus</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes without basal teeth; 5 small lobules within them. Pollen-carriers -with a notched blade. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or -panicles.—Species 15. Central and South-east Africa. Some species -are used medicinally, one of them produces a kind of rubber. (Including<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_444">{444}</a></span><i>Leptopaetia</i> Harv.) (Plate 130.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tacazzea</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -16. (2.) Corolla-tube as long as or longer than the segments. Corona-lobes -awl-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube shorter than the segments.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -17. Sepals linear, without basal glands. Corolla salver-shaped, with scales at the -throat. Anthers hairy, with a tailed connective. Ovary superior.<br /> -Mericarps cylindrical, smooth. Leaves linear or lanceolate.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ectadium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals oval, with numerous basal glands. Corolla funnel-shaped, red or -violet, with scales in the tube. Anthers with an acute appendage.<br /> -Ovary half-inferior. Mericarps ribbed lengthwise or winged. Leaves -oblong to ovate.—Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes; also -cultivated in Central Africa. They yield rubber, poison, and medicaments, -and serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptostegia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -18. Corona double, the outer of 5 triangular, the inner of 5 obcordate scales.<br /> -Filaments rather long. Anthers with a bristle-like point.—Species 1.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Omphalogonus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corona simple.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Corona-lobes 2-cleft, short and thick. Corolla bell-shaped. Sepals -acuminate, with toothed glands at the base. Anthers ending in a long, -awl-shaped appendage. Leaves broad-ovate. Flowers in many-flowered -panicles.—Species 1. Island of Socotra. (<i>Socotranthus</i> O.<br /> -Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cochlanthus</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes entire or 3-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Corona-lobes three-cleft or broadened at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes entire, not broadened at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -21. Filaments united below. Stigmatic head flat. Corona-lobes thread-shaped.<br /> -Erect shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves whorled or alternate, -linear. Flowers in axillary cymes.—Species 1. Southern West<br /> -Africa (Angola). (Under <i>Tacazzea</i> Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aechmolepis</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free. Stigmatic head short-conical.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Sepals blunt, with basal glands. Corolla bell-shaped, with narrow segments.<br /> -Corona-lobes thread- or spindle-shaped. Erect shrubs. Leaves in -clusters, linear. Flowers solitary.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mitolepis</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals pointed. Corona-lobes usually 3-cleft. Herbs or undershrubs; -underground part of the stem tuberous. Flowers in cymes. (See 8.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Raphiacme</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -23. Corona-lobes short and broad, arising from the very short corolla-tube -opposite the segments. Stem twining.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -(Under <i>Pentopetia</i> Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentopetiopsis</b> Cost. & Gall.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes long and narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Corona-lobes thread-shaped. Sepals pointed. Flowers in cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes club-shaped. Corolla bell- or wheel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -25. Corolla wheel-shaped. Anthers with a short mucro. Erect tuberous<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_445">{445}</a></span>shrubs. Leaves whorled.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ischnolepis</b> Jum. & Perr.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers with a long ciliate process. Twining -shrubs.—Species 10. Madagascar. Used medicinally; one species -yields rubber. (Under <i>Tacazzea</i> Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentopetia</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -26. Corona-lobes arising from the sinuses between the corolla-segments.<br /> -Corolla bell-shaped, with oblong segments. Leaves opposite. Flowers -in terminal and axillary cymes.—Species 1. South-east Africa to Lake<br /> -Ngami. (Under <i>Cryptolepis</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stomatostemma</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes arising from the corolla-tube below the sinuses.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Sepals pointed, lanceolate. Corolla bell-shaped with long and narrow segments.<br /> -Filaments united at the base. Pollen-carriers with an orbicular -blade. Erect shrubs. Leaves in clusters. Flowers solitary or in pairs.—Species<br /> -1. South-west Africa to Angola. (Under <i>Cryptolepis</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Curroria</b> Planch.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals blunt. Corolla wheel-shaped. Pollen-carriers with a linear or -oblong blade. Leaves scattered. Flowers in sometimes few-flowered -cymes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Corolla with long and narrow segments, beaked in bud. Filaments united -at the base. Anthers almost erect. Pollen-carriers linear. Stem -twining. Inflorescences lax.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -One species yields a dye. (Including <i>Acustelma</i> Baill.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cryptolepis</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with oblong, rather short segments, hence not beaked in bud.<br /> -Filaments free. Anthers inflexed. Pollen-carriers with an oblong blade.<br /> -Stem usually erect. Inflorescences dense.—Species 10. Central and<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Cryptolepis</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ectadiopsis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -29. (1.) Pollen-masses contained in the lower part of the anthers, pendulous -from the arms of the pollen-carriers. [Tribe ASCLEPIADEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses contained in the upper part of the anthers and attached to -the pollen-carriers in an erect, ascending, or horizontal, rarely (<i>Tylophora</i>) -an almost pendulous position.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -30. Corona obscure or wanting. [Subtribe <small>ASTEPHANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Corona distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -31. Corolla shortly lobed, urceolate, hairy within. Calyx without glands.<br /> -Corona arising from the corolla-tube or wanting. Filaments short.<br /> -Stigmatic head conical, notched. Mericarps thin or rather thin. Twining -shrubs. Leaves narrow. Flowers of medium size, in usually -many-flowered cymes or umbels.—Species 10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microloma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla deeply divided. Corona arising from the staminal tube or wanting; -in the latter case filaments none and flowers small.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Anthers sessile or nearly so. Corona-lobes alternating with the anthers or -wanting. Corolla campanulate or urceolate, glabrous or tubercled -within. Stigmatic head more or less conical. Mericarps thick or rather<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_446">{446}</a></span>thick. Shrubs or undershrubs. Flowers small, in usually few-flowered -cymes.—Species 10. Southern and tropical Africa. (Including <i>Haemax</i><br /> -E. Mey. and <i>Microstephanus</i> N. E. Brown).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astephanus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers stalked. Corona-lobes opposite to the anthers. Leaves oval.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Stigmatic head beaked. Calyx glandular. Corolla campanulate. Small -shrubs. Flowers in few-flowered, sessile cymes or fascicles.—Species 1.<br /> -Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podostelma</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head truncate or slightly convex. Corolla campanulate or -rotate. Twining herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in racemosely arranged, -umbel-like cymes.—Species 1. East Africa. (Under <i>Tylophora</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tylophoropsis</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -34. (30.) Corona inserted on the corolla, free from the staminal tube, but -sometimes approximate to it. [Subtribe <small>GLOSSONEMATINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -Corona, at least the inner, inserted on the staminal tube.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -35. Corona double, the outer ring-shaped, the inner of 5 lanceolate scales.<br /> -Anthers sessile. Calyx glandular within. Corolla rotate or widely -campanulate, glabrous within, with valvate aestivation. Twining herbs or -undershrubs. Flowers conspicuous, in umbels or racemes.—Species 2.<br /> -Central Africa and Egypt. Used as vegetables, as ornamental plants, -and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oxystelma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corona simple. Corolla with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Corona-lobes united about to the middle.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes free or united at the base only. Staminal tube short or -wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -37. Sepals blunt. Corolla rotate, yellowish; segments velvety within, with -distinctly contorted aestivation. Corona of 10 lobes, the alternating<br /> -2-cleft. Anthers without an apical appendage. Stigmatic head with<br /> -5 small points at the angles. Twining shrubs. Leaves wanting.<br /> -Flowers small, in few-flowered umbels.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vohemaria</b> Buchen.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals pointed, with numerous glands within. Corolla almost campanulate; -segments glabrous within, with subvalvate aestivation. Corona -of 5 lobes. Staminal column long. Stigmatic head flat or slightly -concave, 5-lobed. Mericarps short and thick. Erect shrubs. Leaves -lanceolate. Flowers in many-flowered cymes.—Species 1. Nile-lands -and Sahara. Used medicinally,. (Under <i>Cynanchum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Solenostemma</b> Hayne<br /> -<br /> -38. Corona inserted at the base of the corolla. Flowers in few-flowered -cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -Corona inserted below the sinuses of the corolla. Calyx with 5 glands -at the base. Flowers in umbel-like inflorescences. Erect herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -39. Corolla-tube longer than the segments. Calyx without glands inside.<br /> -Corona-lobes strap-shaped, gibbous outside. Twining shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the island of Madeira.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Araujia</b> Brot.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_447">{447}</a></span>Corolla-tube shorter than the segments. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Calyx without glands inside. Corona-lobes petal-like. Twining undershrubs.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prosopostelma</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with 5 glands inside. Corona-lobes not petal-like. Mericarps -thick, prickly. Erect or procumbent, downy or cottony plants.—Species<br /> -7. Central Africa, Sahara, and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glossonema</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -41. Corona-lobes bristle-like, curved. Corolla with linear divisions. Stigmatic -head elongate-conical. Leaves linear. Flowers solitary.—Species 1.<br /> -Northern East Africa. (Under <i>Glossonema</i> Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conomitra</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes broad. Corolla with lanceolate or ovate divisions. Leaves -lanceolate or oblong.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Stigmatic head elongate-conical, 2-cleft, projecting beyond the anther-appendages.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa. (Under <i>Parapodium</i> E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhombonema</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head obtuse-subconical, not projecting beyond the anther-appendages.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parapodium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -43. (34.) Corona-lobes united more or less, usually high up. Corolla with -contorted, rarely with valvate aestivation. [Subtribe <small>CYNANCHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes free or nearly so. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate -aestivation. Erect or procumbent herbs or undershrubs, rarely twining -or shrubby. [Subtribe <small>ASCLEPIADINAE</small>].<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -44. Corona double.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -Corona simple, but sometimes with small accessory teeth between or -within the lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -45. Leaves reduced to scales or absent. Flowers in umbels or fascicles. Twining -or procumbent shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -Leaves well developed.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -46. Corolla shortly lobed or cleft to the middle, with valvate aestivation. Outer -corona cupular, entire or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -Corolla divided beyond the middle, with contorted aestivation, small, -white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -47. Corolla shortly lobed, large, red. Outer corona entire or obscurely lobed.<br /> -Stigmatic head 2-lobed.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platykeleba</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Corolla cleft to the middle. Outer corona distinctly lobed. Stigmatic -head entire.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Decanemopsis</b> Cost. & Gall.<br /> -<br /> -48. Outer corona of 5 long lobes united below, awl-shaped above. Corolla -yellow. Mericarps very long.—Species 2. Madagascar and Mauritius.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Decanema</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Outer corona short, ring- or cup-shaped, entire or shortly lobed.—Species<br /> -8. Tropical and South Africa. The stem and the milky juice of some -species are edible or used medicinally; they also yield resin. (Including<br /> -<i>Sarcocyphula</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcostemma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -49. Outer corona lobed; lobes of the inner spurred. Sepals lanceolate, with<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_448">{448}</a></span>glands at the base. Corolla white or greenish, woolly. Twining shrubs.<br /> -Leaves broad-cordate. Flowers in many-flowered panicles.—Species<br /> -5. Used as medicinal and fibre-plants. (<i>Pergularia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daemia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Outer corona nearly entire. Leaves linear, oblong, or ovate. Flowers -in few-flowered umbels or fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Sepals lanceolate, without glands. Stigmatic head with a boss at the top -and surrounded by a short 5-lobed cup. Erect shrubs. Leaves linear.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplostigma</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals elliptical, with minute glands at the base. Stigmatic head without a -distinct boss. Twining herbs or undershrubs.—Species 4. Tropics.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentatropis</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -51. (44.) Corona much lower than the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -Corona equalling or exceeding the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -52. Corona fleshy, crenate. Stigmatic head capitate, papillose. Mericarps -linear. Erect herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Flowers in terminal -panicles.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nanostelma</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corona membranous, lobed. Stigmatic head with a boss or beak. Twining -or procumbent undershrubs or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -53. Corolla campanulate. Corona-lobes alternating with the anthers. Stigmatic -head with a long, 2-lobed beak. Twining undershrubs. Leaves -small. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleurostelma</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla rotate. Stigmatic head with a boss or a short beak. Twining or -procumbent shrubs. Leaves none. Flowers in umbels. (See 48.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcostemma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -54. Corona very large, campanulate, corolla-like. Stigmatic head conical.<br /> -Corolla campanulate; lobes rolled back at the edge. Twining shrubs.<br /> -Flowers in axillary umbels.—Species 3. Central Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Cynanchum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Perianthostelma</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corona not corolla-like.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -55. Corona with concave or laterally compressed lobes. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -Corona with flat, but sometimes appendaged lobes, or entire.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -56. Corona-lobes obviously united below, concave, 10. Stigmatic head -pyramidal. Sepals blunt, without glands. Flowers solitary or in pairs.<br /> -Leaves linear.—Species 1. South Africa. (Under <i>Cynanchum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flanagania</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes nearly free. Stigmatic head rounded or produced into a -boss at the top. Sepals pointed, with small glands at the base. Flowers -in umbels or racemes. Stem twining.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Corolla with broad divisions. Corona-lobes with an inflexed apical appendage.<br /> -Leaves broad. Flowers in racemes or panicles.—Species 5.<br /> -South and Central Africa. Some have edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentarrhinum</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with narrow divisions. Corona-lobes laterally compressed. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_449">{449}</a></span>in few-flowered umbels. (See 50.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentatropis</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -58. Staminal column long. Corona-lobes 10-15. Sepals lanceolate-oblong, -with basal glands. Corolla rotate. Erect shrubs. Leaves cordate-ovate.<br /> -Flowers in racemes.—Species 2. East Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Cynanchum</i> L. or <i>Vincetoxicum</i> Moench).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizostephanus</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Staminal column short or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -59. Sepals subulate, with solitary glands at the base. Corolla campanulate or -urceolate; lobes pointed, fleshy at the sinuses. Corona entire or 5-lobed.<br /> -Stigmatic head lengthened, mushroom-shaped. Erect herbs.<br /> -Leaves linear. Flowers small, in umbel-like inflorescences.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnoneurum</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals lanceolate or ovate. Flowers in umbel- or raceme-like inflorescences.—Species<br /> -40. Some of them yield fibre, poison, or medicaments.<br /> -(Including <i>Cynoctonum</i> E. Mey., <i>Endotropis</i> Endl., and <i>Vincetoxicum</i><br /> -Moench)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynanchum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -60. (43.) Corona-lobes distinctly concave, more or less hood-shaped. Erect -plants.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes flat or rather flat, sometimes keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -61. Pollen-carriers with very large, broad and concave arms. Stigmatic -head more or less ruminate. Sepals pointed, with numerous basal -glands. Corolla rotate. Corona-lobes not spurred. Herbs. Leaves -narrow. Inflorescences umbel-like.—Species 10. Central and South<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Asclepias</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stathmostelma</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-carriers with narrow and flat arms. Stigmatic head not ruminate.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -62. Corona-lobes with a recurved spur at the base and two teeth at the apex.<br /> -Anthers stalked. Stigmatic head depressed. Sepals pointed, with -many glands at the base. Corolla green outside, red within. Mericarps -inflated. Leaves broad. Flowers large, in panicles.—Species 2.<br /> -Central and North Africa. They yield a kind of rubber, bast-fibre, -vegetable silk, poison, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calotropis</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes not spurred.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -63. Corona lobes with a more or less horn-like appendage arising from the -cavity. Sepals pointed, with solitary or paired glands at the base.<br /> -Corolla rotate. Mericarps thick. Herbs or undershrubs. Inflorescences -umbel-like.—Species 40. Central and South Africa; besides one species -naturalized in the tropics. Some species yield rubber, fibre from the -bark, vegetable silk from the hairy seeds, or medicaments; several -serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asclepias</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes without an appendage in the cavity, but sometimes with -scale- or tooth-like appendages at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -64. Corona-lobes without appendages or alternating with small teeth. Sepals -pointed, with basal glands. Stigmatic head usually flat.—Species 110.<br /> -Some of them yield vegetable silk or medicaments, or serve as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Krebsia</i> Harv. and <i>Pachycarpus</i> E. Mey., under<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_450">{450}</a></span><i>Asclepias</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gomphocarpus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes with rather large scale-like appendages at the base. Sepals -without basal glands. Herbs. Flowers small, in umbel-like inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -65. Corona-lobes curved inwards, attached to the stamens only by their basal -appendages. Stigmatic head with a boss at the top. Leaves ovate.—Species<br /> -3. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Woodia</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes erect-connivent, inserted on the stamens. Stigmatic head -elevate-conical, 2-lobed. Sepals blunt. Corolla campanulate; segments -with recurved tips. Leaves linear.—Species 1. South Africa.<br /> -(Under Schizoglossum E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenostelma</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -66. (60.) Corona of 3 rows of 5 lobes each; those of the middle row 3-lobed or<br /> -3-parted. Corolla rotate; segments narrowly overlapping in the bud.<br /> -Sepals with basal glands. Flowers in few-flowered umbels or corymbs.<br /> -Erect or more frequently procumbent herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Corona simple.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -67. Ovules 1-2 in each carpel. Mericarps triangular, ending in three spines.<br /> -Seeds glabrous. Branches long. Leaves palmately 5-7-lobed.—Species<br /> -1. South-east Africa (Delagoa Bay). (<i>Lobostephanus</i> N. E.<br /> -Brown).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Emicocarpus</b> K. Schum. & Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each carpel. Branches short. Leaves linear-filiform -or linear-hastate.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eustegia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -68. Corona-lobes petal-like, coloured, larger than the corolla-lobes, spatulate.<br /> -Divisions of the corolla usually rolled back. Sepals with many glands -at the base. Stigmatic head flat or short-conical. Erect herbs with a -tuberous root-stock. Leaves narrow. Flowers in umbels.—Species 6.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Margaretta</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes not petal-like.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -69. Corona-lobes very thick and fleshy, more rarely moderately fleshy, and -then without an appendage and without a keel or with a single keel on -the inner face, but sometimes alternating with small teeth. Stigmatic -head low. Erect plants.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes thin, rarely somewhat fleshy, but then with 2 keels or 1-2 -appendages on the inner face. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -70. Stem woody. Leaves narrow, with minute bristles in their axils. Flowers -in sometimes very short racemes. Sepals with basal glands. Corolla -campanulate, cleft to the middle or beyond; segments woolly within.—Species<br /> -1. Central Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kanahia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base, tuberous under ground. Flowers -in umbels. Corolla divided nearly to the base.—Species 45. Central -and South Africa. Some species have edible tubers or are used in -medicine. (Including <i>Glossostelma</i> Schlecht.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xysmalobium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -71. Corolla shortly lobed or cleft half-way down. Sepals with glands at the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_451">{451}</a></span>base. Corona-lobes gibbous within. Stigmatic head truncate or umbonate.<br /> -Stem twining. Flowers large, in axillary umbels or racemes.<br /> -(See 34.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oxystelma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla deeply divided.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -72. Stigmatic head produced much beyond the anthers into a long beak 2-lobed -at the apex. Corona-lobes linear. Corolla-segments narrow. Sepals -awl-shaped, without glands. Flowers in lateral cymes or racemes.<br /> -Leaves linear. Twining herbs or undershrubs.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa. (<i>Oncinema</i> Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glossostephanus</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head not or slightly projecting beyond the anthers. Sepals -with glands at the base. Flowers in umbels. Stem erect, rarely procumbent.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -73. Stigmatic head club-shaped. Corona-lobes somewhat fleshy, with a -transverse ridge or a short scale on the inner face. Sepals lanceolate, -with solitary glands. Inflorescences many-flowered. Leaves linear.—Species<br /> -5. South Africa and Southern East Africa. (Including <i>Periglossum</i><br /> -Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cordylogyne</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmatic head truncate or depressed and usually umbonate.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -74. Inflorescences terminal. Sepals with many glands at the base. Corolla -white, with long hairs on the edges of the segments. Connective fringed.<br /> -Corona-lobes purple, with two linear appendages at the base, but without -keels. Leaves narrow.—Species 1. South Africa. Used as an -ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fanninia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences lateral or terminal and lateral. Corona-lobes usually with<br /> -2 keels on the inner face.—Species 120. South and Central Africa<br /> -(Including <i>Aspidoglossum</i> E. Mey., <i>Lagarinthus</i> E. Mey., and <i>Mackenia</i><br /> -Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schizoglossum</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -75. (29.) Pollen-masses 2 in each anther-half (4 on each pollen-carrier), very -small. Pollen-carriers very small, broad, pale, rather soft. Anthers -with a more or less fringed appendage at the top. Corona, at least the -inner, arising from the stamens. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or -terminal panicles. [Tribe SECAMONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses solitary in each anther-half (2 on each pollen-carrier).<br /> -Pollen-carriers hard, horny, usually of a dark colour. [Tribe TYLOPHOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -76. Pollen-carriers with well developed, narrow arms. Corolla yellow, urceolate, -with short triangular lobes. Sepals oval.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -Yields rubber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Secamonopsis</b> Jum.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-carriers with short and broad or indistinct arms. Corolla rotate.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Stem erect, shrubby. Flowers in few-flowered cymes. Corolla adnate -to the ovary at the base; segments very long, spatulate. Corona-lobes<br /> -5, filiform. Pollen-carriers without distinct arms.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. Poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Menabea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stem twining or procumbent, shrubby or half-shrubby.—Species 45.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_452">{452}</a></span><i>Toxocarpus</i> Wight et Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Secamone</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -78. Anthers with a distinct, membranous, flat or inflated appendage at the apex.<br /> -Corolla usually with contorted aestivation. [Subtribe <small>MARSDENIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -Anthers with a very short appendage or a small point, or without any -appendage at the apex. Corolla nearly always with valvate aestivation.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>CEROPEGIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -79. Corona absent. Sepals blunt, with solitary glands. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -Corona present.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -80. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered. Corolla campanulate, woolly within; segments -overlapping to the right. Stigmatic head obtuse-conical. Mericarps -short, thick, covered with longitudinal ridges. Branches erect or procumbent, -downy. Leaves fleshy, linear.—Species 1. South Africa<br /> -(Cape Colony.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhyssolobium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence many-flowered. Sepals unequal. Corolla-segments overlapping -to the left. Apical appendages of the anthers ciliate-laciniate.<br /> -Stigmatic head hemispheric or conical. Mericarps long, smooth.<br /> -Branches twining, glabrous.—Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichosandra</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -81. Corona arising from the corolla below its sinuses and consisting of 5 scales.<br /> -Sepals blunt. Corolla campanulate. Twining, hairy shrubs. Leaves -ovate. Flowers small, in umbels.—Species 1. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Yields fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnema</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corona, at least the inner, arising from the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -82. Corona double. Twining shrubs. Leaves herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -Corona simple; lobes in one row, but sometimes furnished with appendages -on the inner face.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -83. Outer and inner corona arising from the staminal column and consisting -of 5 scales each. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Flowers in few-flowered umbel-like -cymes.—Species 1. Southern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Swynnertonia</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Outer corona arising from the corolla, the inner from the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -84. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Inner corona -ring-shaped, slightly lobed. Pollen-masses horizontal. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oncostemma</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals ovate or subulate. Corolla with valvate or almost valvate aestivation.<br /> -Inner corona of oblong lobes. Pollen-masses erect. Flowers in -globose, axillary, partly stalked, partly sessile umbels.—Species 2.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisopus</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -85. Corona-lobes united high up, usually numerous. Anthers with a large -inflated appendage. Pollen-masses flat and thin. Pollen-carriers very -small, without distinct arms. Sepals lanceolate, with small solitary -glands. Corolla rotate. Herbs with a tuberous root-stock. Leaves -narrow. Flowers solitary or in fascicle- or corymb-like cymes.—Species<br /> -10. Southern and Central Africa. Some have edible tubers.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fockea</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_453">{453}</a></span>Corona-lobes free or united at the base, 5, but sometimes appendaged.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Corona-lobes with a narrow appendage on the inner face. Sepals lanceolate, -with solitary glands. Corolla salver-shaped. Mericarps thick.<br /> -Twining shrubs. Flowers in dense umbels or racemes.—Species 3.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. (<i>Prageluria</i> N. E. Brown, under <i>Pergularia</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Telosma</b> Coville<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes without an appendage on the inner face, but sometimes -with a small, usually tubercle-like appendage at the base of the back.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -87. Corona-lobes united at the base, linear, erect. Sepals lanceolate, without -glands. Corolla with linear segments recurved from the base. Stigmatic -head truncate. Mericarps slender. Erect herbs with a tuberous -rootstock. Leaves linear. Flowers in fascicles.—Species 1. Southeast<br /> -Africa to Rhodesia. The tubers are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macropetalum</b> Burch.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes free or nearly so. Twining plants, rarely erect shrubs or -herbs without a tuberous rootstock.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -88. Corona-lobes spreading, linear. Sepals lanceolate, without glands. Corolla -rotate. Stigmatic head flat or umbonate. Mericarps thick, villous.<br /> -Twining, tomentose shrubs. Leaves elliptical. Flowers in cymes.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pervillaea</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Corona-lobes spreading and tubercle-shaped, or erect, or converging.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -89. Pollen-masses very small, disc-shaped. Corona-lobes short, usually -tubercle-like. Sepals pointed, with solitary glands. Corolla rotate.<br /> -Stigmatic head more or less flattened and usually provided with a -central boss at the top. Mericarps slender.—Species 25. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tylophora</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-masses large or rather large, usually pear-shaped. Mericarps -usually thick.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -90. Filaments united at the base, free above. Stigmatic head produced into<br /> -a long beak. Ovary glabrous. Sepals oblong or ovate, with solitary -glands. Corolla campanulate. Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves -leathery. Flowers in racemes or panicles.—Species 3. West Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Secamone</i> R. Br. or <i>Toxocarpus</i> Wight et Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhynchostigma</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united up to the anthers.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Anther-appendages cohering into a long tube. Stigmatic head beaked.<br /> -Ovary hairy. Sepals elliptical, with solitary glands. Corolla campanulate, -with linear segments. Twining shrubs. Leaves elliptical, -herbaceous. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. East Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Marsdenia</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Traunia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-appendages not cohering into a tube.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -92. Sepals large, without glands. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped; tube -widened below. Stigmatic head conical. Twining shrubs. Leaves -leathery. Flowers large, in umbels.—Species 5. Madagascar. They -are used as ornamental plants, and the hairs of the seeds as vegetable<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_454">{454}</a></span>silk.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stephanotis</b> Thouars<br /> -Sepals small, usually with glands. Leaves herbaceous. Flowers small or -of moderate size.—Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield rubber or serve as vegetables. (Including <i>Dregea</i> E. Mey. -and <i>Pterygocarpus</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marsdenia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -93. (78.) Stem cactus-like, thick and fleshy, with 4 or more angles or rows of -tubercles, usually low. Leaves more or less rudimentary or wanting.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in fascicles, fleshy. Sepals pointed, with solitary -glands. Corolla-segments very rarely coherent at the tip. Stigmatic -head flat or ending in a small boss.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody, rarely (<i>Ceropegia</i>) fleshy, but then leafy or -obscurely 3-angled and corolla-segments cohering at the tip, at least -when young.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -94. Branches divided by longitudinal and transverse furrows into several-ranked -areas, not spiny nor bristly. Corolla rotate or campanulate, -cleft to the middle. Corona-lobes 5 or 10, united at the base.—Species<br /> -7. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echidnopsis</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Branches angled or tubercled, but not divided into areas, usually spiny -or bristly.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -95. Branches with more than 6 angles or rows of tubercles, rarely with 6; -in this case with 3-parted spines.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -Branches with 4, more rarely with 5 or 6 angles or rows of tubercles. Spines -or other appendages of the tubercles simple.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -96. Spines 3-parted. Flowers solitary or in pairs, large. Corolla tube- or -funnel-shaped, shortly lobed. Corona double, the outer divided into 10 -filiform segments terminating in knobs.—Species 2. South Africa and -southern West Africa. (<i>Tavaresia</i> Welw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Decabelone</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Spines simple or absent. Corolla saucer- or cup-shaped. Outer corona -of 5 two-lobed or two-parted pointed lobes or indistinct.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -97. Tubercles of the stem united into continuous angles, spiny. Flowers large.<br /> -Corolla slightly lobed.—Species 10. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hoodia</b> Sweet<br /> -<br /> -Tubercles of the stem not confluent. Flowers rather small. Corolla -lobed to about halfway.—Species 12. South Africa and southern<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichocaulon</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -98. Corolla-segments cohering at the tip. Corona double.—Species 5. South<br /> -Africa. Used as vegetables.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pectinaria</b> Haw.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-segments free at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -99. Corona simple, of 5 lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -Corona double or triple.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -100. Sepals large. Corolla campanulate, divided half-way down, hairy, inside -red mottled with yellow. Corona-lobes thick, without a dorsal crest:—Species<br /> -1. South Africa to Damaraland. (<i>Huerniopsis</i> N. E. Brown).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Huerniopsis</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Sepals small. Corolla rotate or campanulate, divided to beyond the -middle. Corona-lobes with a dorsal transverse crest at the base.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_455">{455}</a></span>10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Piaranthus</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -101. Third (outermost) corona corolla-like, arising from the base of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Corolla campanulate, hairy.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape<br /> -Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diplocyathus</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Third (outermost) corona not corolla-like, arising from the throat of the -corolla, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Second (intermediate) corona disc-shaped, entire; third (outermost) ring-shaped.<br /> -Corolla rotate.—Species 20. South Africa to Lake Ngami.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Duvalia</b> Haw.<br /> -<br /> -Second (intermediate or outer) corona ring- or cup-shaped and more or -less deeply divided.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -103. Corolla with accessory teeth between the lobes, campanulate, more or -less distinctly lobed or cleft.—Species 30. South and Central Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants. (<i>Huernia</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Huernia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla without accessory teeth between the lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -104. Corolla campanulate with broad lobes or rotate; in the latter case (as -usually) outer corona divided to the base. Stem with soft spines or -teeth, or without any. Flowers usually large, solitary or in pairs, more -rarely in clusters.—Species 100. South and Central Africa. Some are -used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Podanthes</i> Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stapelia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla campanulate with narrow lobes or rotate; in the latter case outer -corona nearly entire or more or less deeply divided, but not to the -base.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -105. Inner corona-lobes bent inwards and broadened at the tip, beset with -short spines on the back; outer short, united at the base. Corolla -purple-brown, rotate, cleft half-way down, bearing club-shaped hairs.<br /> -Flowers very large, solitary or in pairs. Stem with hard, usually brown -spines.—Species 2. Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Edithcolea</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Inner corona-lobes not broadened at the tip. Flowers of moderate size.<br /> -Stem with soft, green spines or teeth.—Species 30. Some of them -are used as ornamental plants, or as vegetables, others are poisonous.<br /> -(Including <i>Apteranthes</i> Mik. and <i>Boucerosia</i> Wight et Arn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caralluma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -106. (93.) Corolla tubular, rarely funnel- or salver-shaped; tube long and -narrow, usually widened at the base; lobes usually cohering at the tip, -at least when young. Flowers large or of moderate size, very rarely -small. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -Corolla rotate or campanulate; tube short or rather long but wide; -lobes rarely cohering at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -107. Calyx without glands at the base. Corona of 5 lobes. Anthers with a -small appendage at the apex. Flowers in few-flowered umbel-like cymes.<br /> -Species 3. South Africa and southern Central Africa. (<i>Barrowia</i><br /> -Decne.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orthanthera</b> Wight<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with glands at the base. Corolla more or less tubular; lobes -cohering at the tip, at least in bud. Corona double, rarely simple,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_456">{456}</a></span>but then anthers without an apical appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -108. Corona double, the inner with short lobes. Anthers with a small appendage -at the apex. Mericarps constricted between the seeds. Twining -plants with a tuberous rootstock. Leaves heart-shaped. Flowers long-stalked, -in fascicles arranged in racemes or panicles.—Species 8. South -and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Riocreuxia</b> Decne.<br /> -<br /> -Corona double, the inner with long lobes, or simple. Anthers without an -apical appendage. Mericarps not constricted. Flowers solitary or in -fascicles, umbels, or racemes; if in fascicles arranged in racemes or -panicles, then short-stalked.—Species 90. Tropical and South Africa -and Canary Islands. Some species have edible tubers or stems, or serve -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceropegia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -109. Corona of 5 lobes inserted on the corolla beneath the sinuses, sometimes -with an inconspicuous fleshy ring at the base of the staminal column.<br /> -Anthers sometimes with a short apical appendage. Corolla hairy.<br /> -Sepals ovate, without glands. Shrubs, sometimes leafless. Flowers -small.—Species 6. Tropics, Sahara, and Egypt. Some species yield -fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptadenia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corona inserted on the stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -110. Corona simple.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -Corona double or triple.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -111. Corona of 10 lobes united below. Sepals with glands at the base. Corolla -almost rotate, deeply divided. Stigmatic head depressed. Erect herbs.<br /> -Leaves broad. Flowers very small.—Species 1. South-east Africa<br /> -(Natal). (Under <i>Brachystelma</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aulostephanus</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Corona of 5 free lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -112. Corolla rotate. Sepals with glands at the base. Pollen-masses minute, -orbicular. Stigmatic head with a boss at the top. Twining plants.<br /> -(See 89.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tylophora</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla campanulate or almost urceolate. Erect herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -113. Sepals lanceolate, with glands at the base. Corolla with contorted -aestivation. Stigmatic head flat. Leaves oblong or elliptic.—Species<br /> -4. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaerocodon</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals without glands. Corolla with valvate aestivation. Leaves linear.—Species<br /> -10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sisyranthus</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -114. Corona 3-ranked, the outermost lobes reflexed, the others erect, the innermost -the largest. Corolla campanulate, deeply divided. Twining -plants. Flowers in racemes, on long pedicels.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neoschumannia</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Corona 2-ranked. Erect or procumbent herbs or undershrubs, rarely -twining, but then flowers in fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -115. Inner corona-lobes broad, shorter than the outer.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -Inner corona-lobes narrow, longer than the outer.<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -116. Outer corona cupular, entire; inner of 5 small lobes. Corolla campanulate,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_457">{457}</a></span>blackish-red, hairy within, with valvate aestivation. Flowers solitary, -small. Leaves linear.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Amboland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craterostemma</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Outer corona divided into 10 lobes. Flowers usually fascicled.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -<br /> -117. Corolla rotate, with valvate aestivation. Stem branched. Flowers -small.—Species 2. South Africa. (Under <i>Anisotome</i> Fenzl or <i>Brachystelma</i><br /> -R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Decaceras</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla rotate-campanulate, with contorted aestivation. Stem simple.—Species<br /> -5. South and East Africa. (Under <i>Brachystelma</i> R. Br. or<br /> -<i>Tenaris</i> E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiostelma</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -118. Outer corona-lobes 5, entire or 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -Outer corona-lobes 10, free from each other or nearly so. Pollen-masses -disciform. Flowers solitary, fascicled, or umbellate.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -119. Corolla campanulate. Roots spindle-shaped. Stem erect. Flowers solitary -or fascicled.—Species 6. South Africa. (Under <i>Brachystelma</i> R.<br /> -Br., <i>Dichaelia</i> Harv., or <i>Lasiostelma</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachystelmaria</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla rotate. Roots fibrous, somewhat fleshy.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -120. Stem erect, arising from a tuber. Leaves linear. Flowers usually in -racemes or panicles, rather large. Corolla-segments linear. Anthers -usually with a short appendage at the apex.—Species 5. Central and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tenaris</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Stem prostrate or twining. Leaves oblong or ovate. Flowers solitary -or in fascicles or pseudo-umbels. Anthers without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -121. Leaves ovate. Flowers solitary or in pairs, small. Corolla yellow, with -ovate segments. Stem prostrate, springing from a tuber.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Brachystelma</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tapeinostelma</b> Schlecht.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves cordate. Flowers in fascicles or pseudo-umbels.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -122. Stem prostrate. Flowers small. Corolla-segments oblong-linear. Inner -corona-lobes subulate.—Species 2. South Africa. (<i>Lophostephus</i><br /> -Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisotome</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Stem twining. Inner corona-lobes oblong or linear-oblong.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Emplectanthus</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -123. Outer corona-lobes erect. Corolla-segments cohering at the tip.—Species<br /> -15. South Africa. (Under <i>Brachystelma</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichaelia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Outer corona-lobes spreading. Corolla-segments free at the tip.—Species<br /> -35. South and Central Africa. Some have edible tubers.<br /> -(Including <i>Micraster</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachystelma</b> R. Br.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER TUBIFLORAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CONVOLVULINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_202">FAMILY 202.</a> CONVOLVULACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, simple, sometimes dissected or reduced to scales, -exstipulate, rarely (<i>Ipomoea</i>) stipulate. Flowers regular, rarely -slightly irregular, usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, rarely 4, -persistent. Petals united into a 5-angled, 5-lobed, or 5-cleft, rarely a -4-lobed corolla, usually with plicate-valvate aestiva<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_458">{458}</a></span>tion. Stamens as -many as and alternating with the corolla-lobes, inserted on the corolla. -Anthers 2-celled, opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. -Disc within the stamens, sometimes indistinct. Ovary superior, -1-4-celled, sometimes deeply divided. Ovules 1-4 in each cell, rarely -(<i>Humbertia</i>) more, erect, inverted. Styles 1-2, sometimes 2-cleft. -Seeds albuminous; embryo with folded cotyledons.—Genera 34, species -450. (Plate 131.)</p> - -<p> -1. Plants without green colour, parasitic. Stem herbaceous, twining. Leaves -reduced to scales or wanting. Flowers small, in fascicles. Corolla -imbricate in bud, usually with scales at the throat. Ovary completely -or incompletely 2-celled with 4 ovules. Embryo twisted, without -cotyledons.—Species 25. Some of them are noxious weeds, several -are used medicinally. “Dodder.” [Tribe CUSCUTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cuscuta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Plants of green colour. Corolla plicate or valvate in bud, rarely (<i>Cressa</i>) -imbricate, but then stem shrubby. Embryo straight or slightly curved, -with 2 cotyledons.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx minute. Ovary 1-celled with 2 ovules. Styles 2. Fruit 1-seeded, -ripening underground. Creeping herbs. Leaves kidney-shaped.<br /> -Flowers solitary.—Species 1. Abyssinia. (<i>Nephrophyllum</i> A. Rich.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hygrocharis</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx distinctly developed.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary lobed or divided. Ovules 4. Styles 2, inserted between the lobes -of the ovary. Sepals more or less united below. Flowers solitary.<br /> -Creeping or prostrate herbs. [Tribe DICHONDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Ovary entire. Sepals free, rarely (<i>Rapona</i>) united below, but then ovules 2, -style 2-cleft, flowers in panicles, and stem twining.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary and fruit 2-lobed. Corolla deeply cleft, yellow. Sepals nearly free.<br /> -Leaves kidney-shaped.—Species 1. Tropical and South Africa, also -naturalized in the Island of Madeira.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichondra</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 4-parted. Corolla slightly lobed. Sepals evidently united -below.—Species 4. South Africa and Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Falkia</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -5. Styles 2, free or united below.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Style 1, undivided; stigmas 2, continuous at the base, or a single stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -6. Flowers in axillary or terminal and axillary racemes or panicles. Twining -shrubs. [Tribe PORANEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary, in axillary cymes, or in terminal spikes or heads. Ovules 4.<br /> -[Tribe DICRANOSTYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -7. Sepals united below, not enlarged in the fruit. Corolla entire, with plicate -aestivation. Filaments broadened and hairy at the base. Disc large, -cup-shaped. Ovary incompletely 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell.<br /> -Style 2-cleft at the top, with capitate stigmas.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rapona</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals free. Corolla more or less lobed. Disc small. Ovary 1-2-celled,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_459">{459}</a></span>with 2 ovules in each cell. Style deeply 2-cleft or divided to the base.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Sepals unequal, the two outer ones much enlarged in the fruit. Corolla -deeply lobed. Disc cup-shaped. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules 2. Style<br /> -2-cleft; stigmas linear or oblong.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dipteropeltis</b> Hallier<br /> -<br /> -Sepals about equal. Disc ring-shaped or indistinct. Ovary completely -or incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 4. Style divided to the base; stigmas -capitate or peltate.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Bracts surrounding the fruit much -enlarged. Corolla deeply lobed, induplicate-valvate in bud. Ovary -incompletely septate. Stigmas peltate.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neuropeltis</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence composed of fascicles. Bracts not much enlarged in the fruit.<br /> -Stigmas capitate.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Porana</b> Burm.<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers dioecious. Sepals enlarged in the fruit. Corolla deeply cleft.<br /> -Stigmas horse-shoe-shaped. Shrubs with small leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Sepals of the female flowers distinctly unequal, the outer much larger than -the inner. Flowers usually 4-merous.—Species 4. Northern East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hildebrandtia</b> Vatke<br /> -<br /> -Sepals nearly equal. Flowers 5-merous. Styles united at the base.<br /> -Seeds 2. Branches stiff.—Species 2. Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cladostigma</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -12. Stigmas filiform, 2-parted. Erect herbs or undershrubs. Leaves small.—Species<br /> -4. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Evolvulus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas globose or peltate, usually entire. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Anthers and stigmas projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Sepals subequal.<br /> -Corolla small, cleft to the middle, imbricate in bud. Fruit 1-seeded.<br /> -Prostrate or ascending small shrubs. Leaves small. Flowers in -terminal spikes.—Species 1. Tropical and North Africa. Used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cressa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers and stigmas concealed within the corolla-tube. Corolla folded in -bud.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Corolla small, funnel-shaped. Sepals subequal. Filaments glabrous, -broadened at the base and usually toothed on each side. Stigmas more -or less peltate. Fruit 4-seeded. Erect or procumbent, small shrubs.<br /> -Leaves small.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Breweria</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seddera</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla large or medium-sized. Filaments not toothed, but usually hairy -at the base. Stigmas more or less globose. Twining shrubs. Leaves -large or of moderate size. Flowers solitary or in axillary cymes or -terminal panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Sepals herbaceous or leathery, subequal, or the inner somewhat smaller, -not enlarged after flowering. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit 4-seeded.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_460">{460}</a></span>10. Tropics. (Under <i>Breweria</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bonamia</b> Thouars<br /> -Sepals membranous or scarious, the inner much smaller than the outer, -enlarged after flowering. Corolla bell- or pitcher-shaped. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species<br /> -12. Tropics. (Under <i>Breweria</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prevostea</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -16. (5.) Flowers in axillary racemes. Outer sepals much larger than the -inner, together with the 3 bracteoles much enlarged in the fruit. Corolla -small, deeply lobed. Anthers exserted. Disc cushion-shaped. Ovary<br /> -1-celled. Ovules 2. Stigma 1. Twining herbs. Leaves cordate.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cardiochlamys</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in axillary, sometimes raceme-like cymes, rarely in -terminal spikes or panicles. Ovules 4 or more.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Ovules numerous. Stigmas 2. Filaments curved; anthers much exserted.<br /> -Corolla entire. Flowers solitary. Trees.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Humbertia</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 4-6. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Pollen-grains smooth. Corolla usually gradually widened from below -upwards and without well defined midpetaline areas. Anthers included.<br /> -Ovules 4. [Tribe CONVOLVULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-grains spinous. Corolla irregularly widened, with 5 longitudinal -midpetaline areas limited by prominent nerves.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -19. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes with an incomplete partition.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled, rarely (<i>Merremia</i>) 4-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -20. Stigmas globose. Sepals lanceolate, unequal, not enlarged after flowering.<br /> -Corolla bell-shaped, shortly lobed. Stamens unequal. Fruit one-seeded, -indehiscent. Prostrate herbs. Leaves lobed.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyalocystis</b> Hallier<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas ovate or oblong, flattened. Fruit 4-seeded, 4-valved.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Sepals unequal. Corolla bell-shaped, entire. Twining herbs. Leaves -ovate-cordate. Bracts small.—Species 1. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa. (<i>Shutereia</i> Choisy).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hewittia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals about equal. Corolla slightly lobed. Twining or prostrate herbs.<br /> -Leaves sagittate or hastate. Bracts large, leaf-like.—Species 5.<br /> -North, South, and East Africa. Some of them have edible root-stocks -or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under <i>Convolvulus</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calystegia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -22. Stigmas filiform. Disc present. Corolla funnel-shaped without well-defined -midpetaline areas.—Species 70. Some of them yield an -essential oil used in perfumery or serve as ornamental or medicinal -plants. “Bind-weed.” (Including <i>Rhodorrhiza</i> Webb et Berth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Convolvulus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas elliptic, disciform, or globose.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Stigmas elliptic or disciform. Disc indistinct or wanting. Corolla with -well-defined midpetaline areas, blue, more rarely white or reddish.<br /> -Sepals not decurrent on the pedicel, usually subequal. Herbs or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_461">{461}</a></span>under-shrubs.—Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as -vegetables. (Plate 131.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jacquemontia</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas more or less globose. Corolla white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Sepals very unequal, the outer much larger than the inner and decurrent -on the pedicel, herbaceous. Corolla tubular-funnel-shaped, entire, -hairy outside, with well-defined midpetaline areas. Disc obscure.<br /> -Twining herbs. Leaves oblong.—Species 1. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aniseia</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -Sepals nearly equal, usually leathery or parchment-like.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Fruit opening by a lid. Flowers large. Sepals much enlarged in the fruit.<br /> -Corolla without sharply limited midpetaline areas and without dark -lines. Twining herbs. Stem usually winged. Leaves broad.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Under <i>Merremia</i> Dennst. or<br /> -<i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Operculina</b> Manso<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by 4 valves. Corolla bell-shaped; midpetaline areas -usually marked with 5 dark-violet lines. Stem rarely winged.—Species<br /> -25. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield fodder and a substitute -for coffee. (Under <i>Convolvulus</i> L. or <i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Merremia</b> Dennst.<br /> -<br /> -26. (18.) Fruit fleshy, mealy, or dry, and then with a woody or crusty rind, -indehiscent. Ovary 2-4-celled. Stigmas globose or elliptical. Disc -cupular. Shrubs. [Tribe ARGYREIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dry, with a membranous leathery or parchment-like rind, dehiscing -by 4-6 valves, rarely (<i>Ipomoea</i>) indehiscent. [Tribe IPOMOEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -27. Fruit fleshy or mealy. Corolla more or less bell-shaped. Stigmas 1-2, -globose. Stem twining. Leaves cordate.—Species 2. Naturalized in -the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argyreia</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dry. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped. Stigmas 2, globose or -elliptical.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Fruit with a woody rind, 1-celled, usually 1-seeded. Seeds glabrous.—Species<br /> -10. Central and South Africa and Canary Islands. (Including<br /> -<i>Legendrea</i> Webb, under <i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rivea</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a crustaceous rind, 4-celled, 4-seeded, enveloped by the adnate -sepals. Seeds large, brown-velvety. Ovary 4-celled. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Stem twining. Leaves cordate.—Species 4. Tropics. (Under<br /> -<i>Argyreia</i> Lour., <i>Rivea</i> Choisy, or <i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stictocardia</b> Hallier<br /> -<br /> -29. Filaments with a large scale at the base within. Corolla shortly lobed.<br /> -Disc cupular. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 4. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.<br /> -Twining herbs. Leaves usually lobed. Flowers in axillary cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -Filaments without a scale at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -30. Sepals distinctly unequal. Corolla bell-shaped. Fruit 2-valved. Seed-coat -granular. Flowers medium-sized.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepistemonopsis</b> Dammer<br /> -<br /> -Sepals nearly equal. Corolla pitcher-shaped. Fruit 4-valved. Seed-coat -smooth. Flowers small.—Species 2. Central Africa. Noxious to<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_462">{462}</a></span>cattle.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepistemon</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -31. Stigmas 2, oblong or linear. Corolla funnel-shaped, white red or violet.<br /> -Seeds hairy. Plants with star-shaped hairs.—Species 20. Central -and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astrochlaena</b> Hallier<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 1-3, more or less capitate. Plants without star-shaped hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Pedicels club-shaped, becoming large and fleshy in the fruit. Sepals -cartilaginous, pointed or awned. Corolla very large, regular, salver-shaped, -white or violet. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma biglobose. Seeds -glabrous. Twining herbs. Leaves cordate or lobed.—Species 2.<br /> -Naturalized in the tropics. Ornamental and medicinal plants; the -young seeds are edible. (Under <i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calonyction</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -Pedicels not much thickened in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Anthers and stigmas projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Ovary 4-celled.<br /> -Corolla scarlet, medium-sized, salver-shaped, usually somewhat irregular.<br /> -Sepals herbaceous, ending in a short point. Seeds glabrous or downy.<br /> -Twining herbs. Leaves cordate, lobed, or pinnately dissected. Flowers -in cymes.—Species 2. Naturalized in the tropics and in South Africa.<br /> -Ornamental plants. (Under <i>Ipomoea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Quamoclit</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers and stigmas usually concealed within the corolla-tube. Ovary<br /> -1-3-celled, rarely 4-celled, but then corolla not scarlet and salver-shaped.<br /> -Corolla regular.—Species 220. Some of them (especially the sweet -potato, <i>I. Batatas</i> Lam.) yield edible tubers from which also starch and -brandy are prepared, besides vegetables, fodder, and medicaments, -others are used in preparing rubber, for fixing sand-dunes, or as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Batatas</i> Choisy and <i>Pharbitis</i> Choisy).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ipomoea</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER BORRAGININEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_203">FAMILY 203.</a> HYDROPHYLLACEAE</p> - -<p>Erect herbs or undershrubs. Juice not milky. Leaves alternate, -herbaceous, undivided, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in cymes or -panicles, regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals united at the base, narrow, -imbricate in bud. Corolla more or less bell-shaped, 5-12-cleft, -imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternating with the -corolla-lobes, inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube, equal or -subequal in length. Anthers attached at the back, opening inwards by two -longitudinal slits. Disc none. Ovary superior, completely or almost -completely 2-celled, with numerous descending, inverted ovules in each -cell. Styles 2, free or partly united. Fruit a capsule opening by 2-4 -valves or irregularly. Seeds with a small, straight embryo and copious -albumen.—Genera 2, species 8. Tropical and South Africa.</p> - -<p> -Flowers 5-merous. Corolla blue. Styles free. Placentas free from the -pericarp. Seed-coat wrinkled. Glandular-hairy or glabrous plants.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics. [Tribe HYDROLEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrolea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 8-12-merous. Corolla white or yellow. Styles united below.<br /> -Placentas attached to the valves of the fruit. Seed-coat bladdery.<br /> -Spinous plants.—Species 2. South Africa to Damaraland. [Tribe<br /> -PHACELIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Codon</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_131" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_131.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_131.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CONVOLVULACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 131.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Jacquemontia capitata Don</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit (without the -calyx). <i>D</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_132" style="width: 319px;"> -<a href="images/plt_132.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_132.jpg" width="319" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BORRAGINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 132.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cordia senegalensis Juss.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Anther. <i>D</i> -Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Group of fruits. <i>F</i> Fruit cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_463">{463}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_204">FAMILY 204.</a> BORRAGINACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves, at least the upper ones, alternate, undivided, without stipules, -usually hairy. Inflorescences usually raceme-or spike-like, cymose, -one-sided, and rolled back when young. Flowers 4-7-merous, mostly -5-merous, hermaphrodite. Petals united below, with imbricate or -contorted aestivation. Stamens as many as and alternating with the -corolla-lobes, inserted on the tube or the throat of the corolla. -Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Disc more or less -distinctly developed. Ovary superior, sessile, usually lobed, 4-celled, -rarely 2-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell; micropyle superior. Style 1, -undivided or 2-4-cleft, rarely (<i>Coldenia</i>) 2 free styles. Fruit a drupe -or a schizocarp formed of 2-4 dry and indehiscent nutlets, rarely -(<i>Wellstedia</i>) a capsule. Seeds erect or horizontal; testa membranous; -albumen scanty or wanting.—Genera 37, species 370. (<i>ASPERIFOLIACEAE</i>.) -(Plate 132.)</p> - -<p> -1. Style inserted at the apex of the ovary. Fruit usually succulent drupe-like -and entire.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Style inserted between the lobes of the deeply 2-4-lobed or 2-4-parted -ovary. Fruit dry, of 2-4 nutlets. Flowers 5-merous. Herbs or -undershrubs, rarely shrubs. [Subfamily <b>BORRAGINOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -2. Style twice 2-cleft; stigmas 4. Ovary entire. Fruit a drupe with a 1-4-celled -stone. Trees or shrubs.—Species 40. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa and Egypt. They yield timber, fibre, edible fruits, and medicaments.<br /> -(Plate 132.) [Subfamily <b>CORDIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cordia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Style undivided or 2-cleft, rarely 2 free styles; stigmas 1-2. Fruit a -drupe with 2-4 stones or a schizocarp separating into several nutlets, -rarely a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Style with a stigmatose ring below the entire or 2-cleft apex. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>HELIOTROPIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Style without a stigmatose ring below the apex. Ovary entire.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit more or less fleshy, drupe-like, with 2-4 stones. Seeds with a more -or less copious albumen. Shrubs or trees.—Species 7. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tournefortia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dry, of 2-4 nutlets. Seeds with a scanty albumen. Herbs or -undershrubs, rarely shrubs.—Species 60. Some of them are used as -vegetables or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Messerschmiedia</i><br /> -DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heliotropium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovary 2-celled. Style 2-cleft. Fruit a capsule. Flowers 4-merous.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wellstedia</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or incompletely 4-celled. Fruit a drupe. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>EHRETIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Style simple with an entire or lobed stigma. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Style 2-cleft or 2 free or almost free styles.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Anthers globose. Leaves orbicular. Inflorescence dense, spike like.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Poskea</b> Vatke<br /> -<br /> -Anthers oblong. Leaves oblong. Inflorescence loose, corymb-like.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_464">{464}</a></span>1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhabdia</b> Mart.<br /> -<br /> -8. Style 1, two-cleft. Shrubs or trees.—Species 30. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, or medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ehretia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Styles 2, free or nearly so. Anthers included. Prostrate herbs. Flowers -solitary, axillary.—Species 1. Central Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coldenia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -9. (1.) Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Nutlets 2, adnate to the columnar receptacle -by the ventral face.—Species 1. North-west Africa. [Tribe<br /> -HARPAGONELLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rochelia</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-celled, 4-ovuled.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Flowers more or less irregular. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an oblique -limb and more or less unequal lobes. Stamens usually unequal in -length. [Tribe ECHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -11. Calyx-segments 5, distinctly unequal, or 4. Stamens concealed in the tube -of the corolla. Low shrubs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments 5, equal or subequal. Stamens protruding beyond the -corolla. Nutlets seated upon a flat receptacle.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx-segments 5, one of which is very small, or 4. Corolla 2-lipped.<br /> -Nutlets laterally attached to the conical receptacle. Stems and leaves -clothed with white bristles.—Species 1. North Africa to Nubia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echiochilon</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments 5, one or two of them smaller than the others. Corolla -almost regular. Nutlets seated upon the flat receptacle.—Species 3.<br /> -Central Africa. (Under <i>Lobostemon</i> Lehm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leurocline</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -13. Style entire with an entire or shortly lobed stigma. Filaments usually -with a hairy scale at the base. Corolla almost regular.—Species 50.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lobostemon</b> Lehm.<br /> -<br /> -Style 2-cleft at the apex. Filaments without a scale at the base.—Species<br /> -45. North Africa and northern Central Africa, one species also naturalized -in South Africa. Some of them are used as ornamental, medicinal, -or dye-plants. “Bugloss.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. (10.) Nutlets inserted on a flat or very slightly convex receptacle (gynobase).<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets inserted on an elevated, more or less conical or columnar receptacle<br /> -(gynobase).<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -15. Surface of attachment of the nutlets flat or slightly convex, rarely somewhat -concave and then small. [Tribe LITHOSPERMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Surface of attachment of the nutlets concave and large, usually with a -prominent ring-like margin. [Tribe ANCHUSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -16. Ovary 2-lobed. Nutlets 2, two-celled. Glabrous or papillose plants.<br /> -Corolla yellow. Anthers acuminate.—Species 3. North-west Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cerinthe</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_465">{465}</a></span>Ovary 4-lobed. Nutlets 1-4, one-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Corolla with contorted aestivation, blue red or white. Inflorescence with -bracts at the base or without bracts.—Species 15. North and South<br /> -Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal -plants. “Forget-me-not.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myosotis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with quincuncially imbricate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Anthers ending in a long point. Stigma entire.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Anthers blunt or shortly pointed.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Anthers oblong, with a very long point. Filaments with a pouch-shaped -appendage at the back. Corolla-lobes long.—Species 1. Island of<br /> -Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cystistemon</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers linear-sagittate. Filaments without an appendage at the back.<br /> -Corolla-lobes very short. Corolla yellow, white, or red.—Species 4.<br /> -North Africa. Used as ornamental, medicinal, and dye-plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Podonosma</i> Guerke)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Onosma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -20. Corolla-tube with a glandular ring at the base. Corolla yellow or violet.<br /> -Style 2-4-cleft.—Species 5. North Africa and northern Central<br /> -Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or dye-plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arnebia</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube without a glandular ring.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Corolla with long and dense hairs, but without scales at the throat. Filaments -as long as the anthers. Stigma 1, almost entire. Low shrubs -or undershrubs.—Species 2. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sericostoma</b> Stocks<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with hollow scales, folds, or thin hairs at the throat. Stigmas 2, -more or less distinct.—Species 15. South, North, and East Africa.<br /> -Used for dyeing and in medicine. “Gromwell.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lithospermum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -22. (15.) Calyx shortly lobed or cleft half-way down, enlarged in the fruit.<br /> -Corolla-tube cylindrical, with scales on the inside. Style simple with a<br /> -2-parted stigma, or 2-cleft.—Species 5. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nonnea</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply divided. Stigma usually entire.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Corolla rotate; tube short, bearing hollow scales on the inner face. Filaments -appendaged on the back.—Species 2. North Africa. They are -used as pot-herbs or as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Borage.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Borrago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla more or less tubular. Filaments unappendaged on the back.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Corolla without hollow scales at the throat, but sometimes with small -scales in the lower part of the tube.—Species 2. North Africa. They -yield a dye and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alkanna</b> Tausch.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with hollow scales at the throat.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Corolla with long narrow scales at the throat; lobes very short.—Species<br /> -2. Naturalized in North Africa. They serve as vegetables or as -medicinal or dye-plants. “Comfrey.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symphytum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with short scales at the throat.—Species 15. North Africa to<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_466">{466}</a></span>Abyssinia and South Africa. Some species serve as vegetables or as -ornamental or medicinal plants. “Alkanet.” (Including <i>Stomotechium</i><br /> -Lehm.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anchusa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -26. (14.) Tips of the nutlets considerably projecting above their surface of -attachment. [Tribe ERITRICHIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Tips of the nutlets scarcely or not projecting above their surface of attachment.<br /> -[Tribe CYNOGLOSSEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -27. Surface of attachment of the nutlets at least half as large as their ventral -surface.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Surface of attachment of the nutlets occupying less than half their ventral -surface. Prostrate herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -28. Nutlets beset with hooked bristles, usually margined.—Species 7. North -and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (<i>Echinospermum</i><br /> -Swartz)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lappula</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets without hooked bristles, not margined.—Species 1. North-west<br /> -Africa. (<i>Megastoma</i> Coss. et Durieu)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eritrichium</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -29. Surface of attachment of the nutlets not margined; nutlets keeled on the -back. Calyx much enlarged in fruit.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<br /> -Used for dyeing and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asperugo</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Surface of attachment of the nutlets surrounded by a prominent margin.<br /> -Calyx slightly enlarged in fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Surface of attachment of the nutlets shallow-concave, with a slightly projecting -margin.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bothriospermum</b> Bunge<br /> -<br /> -Surface of attachment of the nutlets deep-concave, with a toothed margin.—Species<br /> -1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gastrocotyle</b> Bunge<br /> -<br /> -31. (26.) Nutlets attached to the receptacle towards their apex, saccate at -the base. Calyx slightly enlarged in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets attached to the receptacle by almost their whole inner surface.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -32. Corolla-segments erect, blue or red. Anthers projecting beyond the -corolla-tube. Stigma capitate. Inflorescence compact.—Species 2.<br /> -North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Solenanthus</b> Ledeb.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-segments spreading; tube short. Anthers concealed within the -corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Nutlets distinctly concave on the back, with an inflexed margin. Corolla -white or blue, with a very short tube.—Species 1. Naturalized in<br /> -North Africa. An ornamental plant, also used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Omphalodes</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets nearly flat on the back. Stigma broadened.—Species 20. Some -of them are poisonous or used medicinally. “Houndstongue.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynoglossum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -34. Calyx much enlarged after flowering, enclosing the fruit. Corolla without -distinct scales within. Anthers prolonged at the apex into a long, -usually twisted appendage. Inflorescence bracteate. Lower leaves -opposite.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa, Sahara, and Egypt.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_467">{467}</a></span>Some are used medicinally. (<i>Borraginoides</i> Boerh., <i>Pollichia</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichodesma</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not or slightly enlarged after flowering. Corolla with scales inside.<br /> -Anthers unappendaged. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Corolla wheel-shaped, with 10 scales or swellings at the base of the tube, -white or yellowish. Anthers short, blunt, projecting beyond the corolla-tube.<br /> -Nutlets 1-3.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tysonia</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Corolla funnel-shaped, without scales or swellings at the base of the tube.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube, oblong or linear. Style long.<br /> -Corolla yellowish-red. Nutlets smooth, with an entire margin.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa. (Mattia Schult.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rindera</b> Pall.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Style short. Corolla blue or -violet.—Species 3. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paracaryum</b> Boiss.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER VERBENINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_205">FAMILY 205.</a> VERBENACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves opposite or whorled, very rarely alternate, simple or compound -with 1-7 leaflets, without stipules. Flowers nearly always more or less -irregular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Sepals more or less united -below. Petals 4-8, usually 5, united below, imbricate in bud, the -foremost inside. Stamens 4, usually in two pairs of unequal length, -alternating with the corolla-lobes, rarely 2 or (<i>Tectona</i>) 5-6. -Filaments free. Anthers opening inwards by two longitudinal slits. Disc -more or less distinctly developed. Ovary superior, sessile, entire or -slightly lobed, completely or incompletely 2-or 4-celled, rarely -(<i>Duranta</i>) 8-celled, sometimes only 1 cell fertile. Ovules solitary in -each complete or incomplete cell; micropyle turned downwards. Style -terminal or nearly so, simple or 2-4-cleft. Seeds with straight -embryo.—Genera 27, species 340. (Plate 133.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers in racemose (centripetal) spikes racemes or heads. Ovules basal, -inverted.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in cymose inflorescences or solitary. Ovules attached laterally -or at the apex, straight or half-inverted.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -2. Seeds albuminous. Fruit dry. Ovary 2-celled; one cell sometimes -rudimentary. Stamens 4. Leaves whorled, densely crowded, linear.<br /> -Low shrubs. [Subfamily <b>STILBOIDEAE</b>.].<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves usually opposite. [Subfamily <b>VERBENOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -3. Corolla two-lipped, 5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Corolla regular or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx slightly two-lipped. Upper lip of the corolla flat. Anther-halves -parallel, free. Leaves in whorls of three.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xeroplana</b> Briq.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx regular. Upper lip of the corolla slightly convex. Anther-halves -divergent below, confluent at the apex. Leaves in whorls of four.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_468">{468}</a></span>1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eurylobium</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -5. Calyx two-lipped. Anther-halves divergent below, confluent at the -apex. Stigma entire. Corolla 5-lobed.—Species 1. South Africa<br /> -(Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euthystachys</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx regular or nearly so. Anther-halves parallel.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Corolla 4-lobed, with a wide tube. Calyx 5-parted. Stigma 2-lobed.<br /> -Fruit dehiscing by 4 valves.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Campylostachys</b> Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 5-lobed, with a narrow tube. Fruit indehiscent.—Species 5.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stilbe</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -7. Flowers in racemes. Corolla unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4. Fruit -fleshy. Shrubs. [Tribe CITHAREXYLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or heads. Stamens 4 with more or less parallel anther-halves, -or 2. Ovary 2- or 4-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -8. Racemes few-flowered. Anther-halves divergent. Ovary 4-celled. Style-apex<br /> -2-cleft. Fruit with 2 stones.—Species 2. Islands of Madagascar -and Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coelocarpus</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Racemes many-flowered. Anther-halves parallel. Ovary 8-celled. Style-apex<br /> -4-cleft. Fruit with 4 stones.—Species 1. Naturalized in various -regions. An ornamental and hedge-plant with edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Duranta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules 2. Fruit two-celled or separating into 2 one-celled -mericarps. Seeds 2, very rarely 1. [Tribe LANTANEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-celled. Ovules 4. Fruit separating into 2 usually two-celled, -or into 4 one-celled mericarps. Seeds 4, very rarely 2. Calyx 5-toothed.<br /> -Corolla unequally 5-lobed. Stamens 4. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -10. Perfect stamens 2. Anther-halves spreading horizontally. Calyx 5-ribbed -and 5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Perfect stamens 4. Anther-halves parallel.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovary and fruit with an anticous and a posticous cell or stone. Corolla<br /> -2-lipped. Shrubs.—Species 1. Cape Verde Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ubochea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit with two lateral cells or stones.—Species 6, one of them -only naturalized. Tropics. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(<i>Valerianodes</i> Medik.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stachytarpheta</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx long, tubular, 5-ribbed, 5-toothed. Corolla 5-lobed. Fruit dry.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 20. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bouchea</b> Cham.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx short, 2-4-ribbed or without ribs. Corolla unequally 4-5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Calyx 2-4-lobed, two-ribbed. Corolla 4-lobed. Fruit dry.—Species<br /> -17. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants; one of them<br /> -(<i>L. citriodora</i> Kunth) yields also an aromatic oil and serves as a substitute -for tea. (Including <i>Zapania</i> Scop.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lippia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx entire or toothed. Fruit fleshy.—Species 10, 7 natives of Central -and South Africa, 3 naturalized there and on the Canary Islands. Some<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_469">{469}</a></span>of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lantana</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. Fruit separating into 2 usually two-celled mericarps, enveloped by the -enlarged and more or less inflated calyx.—Species 1. East and South<br /> -Africa. [Tribe PRIVEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Priva</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit separating into 4 one-celled mericarps, surrounded by the not or -scarcely enlarged calyx.—Species 4, two of them natives of North and<br /> -East Africa and naturalized in other regions, the others naturalized in -various countries. They are used as ornamental and medicinal plants -and for preparing an aromatic oil. “Vervain.” [Tribe EUVERBENEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Verbena</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. (1.) Ovules pendulous from the top of a free, central, 4-winged placenta, -straight. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla white or yellow, nearly equally<br /> -4-cleft. Stamens 4. Anthers exserted. Fruit dehiscing by 2 valves, -one-seeded. Shrubs or trees.—Species 2. Shores of tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa and Egypt. They yield timber, tanning material, -and medicaments. [Subfamily <b>AVICENNIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Avicennia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules parietal or axile, laterally attached, half-inverted. Fruit dehiscing -by 4 valves or indehiscent, usually separating into mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Fruit a 4-valved capsule. Ovary incompletely 4-celled. Style divided -into 2 awl-shaped branches. Stamens 4. Anther-halves spreading -horizontally. Shrubs or trees. Leaves with 7 leaflets.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. [Subfamily <b>CARYOPTERIDOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Varangevillea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a drupe, a nut, or a schizocarp, indehiscent or separating into mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Ovules 2. Stamens 4.<br /> -Anther-halves parallel, with an appendage at the base. Calyx 10-ribbed,<br /> -5-toothed. Fruit 1-2-celled, indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Seeds -albuminous. Herbs. Flowers solitary or in false spikes. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>CHLOANTHOIDEAE</b>, tribe ACHARITEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or incompletely 4-celled. Ovules 4. Fruit 2-4-celled -or separating into 2-4 mericarps. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or -trees. [Subfamily <b>VITICOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -18. Calyx distinctly enlarged in the fruit. Corolla 4-lobed; tube included.<br /> -Anthers included. Stigma entire. Fruit with a thin rind, 1-celled or -unequally 2-celled. Flowers in false spikes, 1-3 in each bract.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acharitea</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in the fruit. Corolla 5-lobed; tube exserted.<br /> -Anthers slightly exserted. Fruit with a somewhat fleshy rind, incompletely<br /> -2-celled. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2-5 in the axils -of the leaves.—Species 1. Island of Rodrigues.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nesogenes</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -19. Flowers regular. Stamens 4-6, equal. Fruit a drupe. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Flowers more or less irregular. Stamens 4, in two pairs of unequal length.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -20. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx shortly toothed, unchanged in fruit. Stamens -inserted on the upper part of the corolla-tube. Fruit with 3-4 stones.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves toothed. Cymes axillary.—Species 1. Island of<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_470">{470}</a></span>Réunion. [Tribe CALLICARPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callicarpa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-6-merous. Calyx cleft halfway down, inflated in fruit. Stamens -inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube. Fruit with a 4-celled -stone. Tall trees. Leaves entire. Cymes arranged in a terminal -panicle.—Species 1 (<i>T. grandis</i> L., teak). Cultivated in the tropics.<br /> -Yields valuable timber, tanning bark, oil, and medicaments. [Tribe<br /> -TECTONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tectona</b> L.f.<br /> -<br /> -21. Flowers solitary, axillary. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in cymes or inflorescences composed of cymes. Style-apex or -stigma 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -22. Calyx 2-parted. Anthers included. Stigma entire.—Species 2. East<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Holmskioldia</i> Retz)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclocheilon</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-cleft. Anthers exserted. Stigma 2-parted. Pedicels partly -transformed into spines.—Species 1. Central and South Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Clerodendron</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kalaharia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -23. Fruit with 2 two-celled or 4 one-celled stones. Anthers exserted. Corolla<br /> -5-lobed. Leaves undivided or lobed. [Tribe CLERODENDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with a single, 2-4-celled stone. [Tribe VITICEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -24. Calyx rotate; tube very short, enclosing the fruit; limb spreading, entire -or obscurely lobed, coloured, much enlarged in fruit. Corolla with a -curved tube and an oblique limb.—Species 4. East Africa and Madagascar.<br /> -Used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Clerodendron</i> L. or<br /> -<i>Cyclonema</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holmskioldia</b> Retz<br /> -<br /> -Calyx campanulate or tubular, not much enlarged in fruit.—Species 130.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some species are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Cyclonema</i> Hochst. and <i>Siphonantha</i><br /> -L.) (Plate 133.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Clerodendron</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -25. Corolla 4-lobed, small, white blue or greenish. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -20. Tropics. Some of them yield timber, condiments, or -medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Premna</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 5-lobed. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Seeds with a membranous border. Fruit incompletely septate. Leaves -undivided.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adelosa</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds without a membranous border. Fruit completely septate. Leaves -usually compound with 3-7 leaflets.—Species 100. Some of them -yield timber, vegetables, edible fruits, or medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vitex</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_206">FAMILY 206.</a> LABIATAE</p> - -<p>Stem usually 4-angled. Branches and leaves opposite or whorled, very -rarely alternate. Leaves simple, without stipules. Flowers in cymose -false-whorls, usually more or less irregular. Calyx with open -aestivation. Corolla more or less distinctly two-lipped and 2-6-lobed, -more rarely regularly 4-cleft, imbricate in bud, the foremost lobe -inside. Stamens 4, usually in two pairs of unequal length, or 2, -inserted on the corolla. Filaments usually free. Anthers opening inwards -by slits. Disc present. Ovary superior, 4-lobed or 4-parted, 4-celled. -Ovules solitary in each cell, basal, inverted, rarely lateral and -half-inverted</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_133" style="width: 320px;"> -<a href="images/plt_133.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_133.jpg" width="320" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>VERBENACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 133.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Clerodendron formicarum Guerke</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Cross-section of -ovary. <i>D</i> Leaves with swellings inhabited by ants.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_134" style="width: 328px;"> -<a href="images/plt_134.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_134.jpg" width="328" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LABIATAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 134.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Plectranthus madagascariensis Benth.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit. -<i>E</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_471">{471}</a></span></p> - -<p class="nind">or curved; micropyle turned downwards. Style inserted between the lobes -of the ovary, simple or 2-cleft, rarely (<i>Cleonia</i>) 4-cleft. Fruit -separating into 4 nutlets, rarely (<i>Prasium</i>) drupe-like. Seeds without -albumen or with a very scanty albumen.—Genera 70, species 1200. (Plate -134.)</p> - -<p> -1. Nutlets with a large, lateral surface of attachment. Ovary slightly lobed, -rarely to the middle; style more or less terminal. Stamens ascending.<br /> -Corolla 2-lipped, with a 3-lobed lower lip, or 1-lipped. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>AJUGOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets with a small, basal or subbasal surface of attachment. Ovary -deeply lobed or divided; style springing from between the lobes.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Nutlets smooth. Ovary deeply lobed; style springing from between the -lobes. Disc equal-sided. Stamens 2. Anthers 1-celled. Calyx 2-lipped,<br /> -11-nerved. Corolla blue or white, 2-lipped; tube glabrous -within; lower lip with a strongly concave middle lobe. Shrubs. Leaves -linear.—Species 1. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands. Yields an -aromatic oil which is also used medicinally, and serves as an ornamental -plant. “Rosemary.” [Tribe ROSMARINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rosmarinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets wrinkled. Ovary slightly lobed; style terminal. Stamens 4.<br /> -Anthers 2-celled; cells divergent or divaricate, sometimes confluent at -the top. [Tribe AJUGEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Calyx 2-lipped, with entire lips, inflated in fruit. Corolla red or violet,<br /> -2-lipped, with a short erect upper lip. Nutlets oblong, furnished with<br /> -a large shield-shaped wing on the back. Leaves entire.—Species 20.<br /> -Central Africa to Transvaal. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tinnea</b> Peyr. & Kotschy<br /> -<br /> -Calyx equally or somewhat unequally 5-toothed. Nutlets rounded on the -back, wingless.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Corolla 1-lipped, all its lobes being placed below the stamens.—Species 35.<br /> -North, East, and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental or -medicinal plants. “Germander.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Teucrium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 2-lipped, with a short upper lip.—Species 9. North Africa, northern<br /> -Central Africa, Madagascar, and South Africa. Some species are -used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Bugle.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ajuga</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Nutlets drupe-like, with a fleshy mesocarp and a crustaceous endocarp.<br /> -Calyx subequally 5-cleft. Corolla white or pink, 2-lipped; upper lip -entire, lower 3-cleft; tube included, hairy within. Stamens 4, ascending.<br /> -Style-branches subequal. Shrubs. False whorls two-flowered.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. [Subfamily <b>PRASIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prasium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets dry, but the fruiting calyx sometimes succulent, berry-like.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Seeds more or less horizontal; radicle curved. Nutlets more or less -depressed-globose. Calyx 2-lipped; lips entire, one of them bearing on -its back a scale-like appendage and falling after flowering. Corolla<br /> -2-lipped; lower lip usually entire; tube exserted. Stamens 4, usually -ascending, the anticous with 1-celled, the posticous with 2-celled anthers.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_472">{472}</a></span>Disc prolonged into a stalk-like gynobase. Style-branches unequal.—Species<br /> -10. Tropical and North Africa. Some are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants. “Skull-cap.” [Subfamily <b>SCUTELLARIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scutellaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds erect; radicle straight. Calyx persistent in the fruit. Disc not -prolonged into a stalk.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Disc divided into lobes placed opposite to the ovary-lobes. Calyx 13-15-nerved.<br /> -Corolla blue or violet; upper lip 2-cleft, lower 3-parted.<br /> -Stamens 4, included, more or less bent downwards. Anther-halves -confluent at the apex. Stigmas flattened. Nutlets with a dorsal-subbasal -point of attachment.—Species 15. North Africa and northern<br /> -Central Africa. Some of them yield an essential oil used in the preparation -of perfumes, varnishes, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental -or medicinal plants, or for keeping off insects. “Lavender.” [Subfamily<br /> -<b>LAVANDULOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lavandula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc entire or divided into lobes alternating with the ovary-lobes. Nutlets -with a basal or a ventral-subbasal point of attachment.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Stamens descending upon the lower lip or the lower part of the corolla, or -lying upon it. Anther-halves spreading, confluent at the apex. Corolla -distinctly, rarely obscurely 2-lipped; lower lip nearly always entire.<br /> -[Subfamily <b>OCIMOIDEAE</b>, tribe OCIMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Stamens ascending or projecting straight forwards. Corolla 2-lipped with a<br /> -3-lobed lower lip, or subequally 4-cleft. [Subfamily <b>STACHYOIDEAE</b>]<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -9. Lower lip of the corolla entire, flat or slightly concave, somewhat exceeding -the upper one; upper lip 3-4-lobed or -cleft. Stamens 4. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>MOSCHOSMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Lower lip of the corolla or its middle lobe strongly concave: saucer-, pouch-, -or boat-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla included in the calyx, globose, with short, connivent lobes. Anthers -sessile. Style included, entire. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip with -decurrent margins, much enlarged in the fruit. Shrubs. False whorls<br /> -6-flowered, spicately arranged.—Species 2. East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyperaspis</b> Briq.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not included and globose. Anthers on distinctly developed filaments.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Corolla obscurely two-lipped, 4-lobed, very small. Anthers concealed within -the corolla-tube.—Species 1. Central and South-east Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Ocimum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Endostemon</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Corolla distinctly two-lipped, rarely obscurely two-lipped but 5-lobed.<br /> -Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx two-lipped; margins of the upper lip decurrent along the tube.<br /> -Inflorescence spike- or raceme-like.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -Calyx two-lipped, but the margins of the upper lip not decurrent, or subequally<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_473">{473}</a></span>5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -13. Style-apex entire or obscurely notched. Filaments free, unappendaged.<br /> -Corolla-tube projecting beyond the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex two-cleft or distinctly notched.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Upper lip of the calyx much enlarged and wrapped round the other teeth -in the fruit. Corolla-tube slightly projecting. Disc almost equal-sided.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 3. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrochlamys</b> Guerke<br /> -<br /> -Upper lip of the calyx not more enlarged in the fruit than the rest. Disc -one-sided.—Species 75. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orthosiphon</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -15. Filaments of the lower pair of stamens united halfway up, all unappendaged.—Species<br /> -9. Central and South Africa. (Under <i>Ocimum</i> L. or<br /> -<i>Orthosiphon</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemizygia</b> Briq.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or the lower ones shortly united at the base; the upper ones -usually kneed, toothed, or crested near the base.—Species 75. Tropical -and South Africa. Several species (especially <i>O. Basilicum</i> L., sweet -basil) are used as pot-herbs, as medicinal or ornamental plants, as a -substitute for tea, and for preparing an essential oil. (Including <i>Becium</i><br /> -Lindl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ocimum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Style-apex entire or nearly so. Filaments of the lower pair of stamens -united nearly to the top. Corolla-tube exserted. Fruiting calyx subequally<br /> -5-toothed. Shrubs. False whorls 2-6-flowered, spicately -arranged. Flowers medium-sized.—Species 7. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syncolostemon</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex two-cleft. Filaments free. Herbs or undershrubs. False -whorls 6-many-flowered and spicately arranged, or collected in heads.<br /> -Flowers small.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. False whorls arranged in dense heads. Calyx ovate-campanulate at the -time of flowering; fruiting calyx tubular, two-lipped, without transverse -ribs at the base.—Species 50. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrocephalus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -False whorls arranged in spikes. Fruiting calyx ovate-campanulate, more -rarely tubular, but then with transverse ribs at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Fruiting calyx ovate-campanulate with a shortly 3-toothed upper lip and an -entire lower lip. False whorls 6-10-flowered.—Species 2. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platostoma</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting calyx with a 2-4-toothed lower lip or subequally 5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Fruiting calyx tubular, usually transversely ribbed at the base. False -whorls many-flowered.—Species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geniosporum</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting calyx ovate-campanulate.—Species 12. Tropical and South-east<br /> -Africa. (<i>Basilicum</i> Moench, including <i>Iboza</i> N. E. Brown).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moschosma</b> Reichb.<br /> -<br /> -20. (9.) Lower lip of the corolla abruptly bent downwards, short, saccate,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_474">{474}</a></span>narrowed at the base. Stamens 4. Herbs.—Species 6, two of them -only naturalized. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used medicinally; -the seeds of one species yield oil. (<i>Maesosphaerum</i> P. Br.) [Subtribe<br /> -<small>HYPTIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyptis</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Lower lip of the corolla not abruptly bent downwards, entire, exceeding the -upper lip. Upper lip 3-4-lobed or entire. [Subtribe <small>PLECTRANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Fertile stamens 2. Corolla whitish or violet. Fruiting calyx berry-like.<br /> -Shrubs. False whorls 2-4-flowered.—Species 1. Tropical and<br /> -South-east Africa. The fruits are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hoslundia</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4. Fruiting calyx dry.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -22. Filaments free.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united at the base into a closed tube or a sheath split behind.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -23. Fruiting calyx bursting by a circular slit near the base.—Species 50.<br /> -Central and South Africa. Some species are used as ornamental plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Icomum</i> Hua).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeolanthus</b> Mart.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting calyx not bursting by a circular slit near the base.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Fruiting calyx tubular-elongate and curved or coiled, expanded at the base, -constricted at the middle, subequally 5-toothed. Disc one-sided. Herbs -or undershrubs.—Species 3. Madagascar and South Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Plectranthus</i> L’Hér.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Burnatastrum</b> Briq.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting calyx not tubular-elongate and curved.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Fruiting calyx bladdery-inflated, membranous, net-veined. Corolla pink; -upper lip almost entire. Disc equal-sided. False whorls many-flowered, -arranged in racemes. Shrubs.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alvesia</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting calyx not inflated.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Fruiting calyx with 5 subequal, subulate, rigid, almost spinous teeth. Disc -almost equal-sided. Corolla blue or violet. False whorls arranged in -spikes. Herbs.—Species 40. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnostachys</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Fruiting calyx with subequal but not rigid-subulate teeth, or two-lipped.<br /> -Disc one-sided.—Species 160. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species have edible tubers or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants or -for keeping off insects. (Including <i>Germanea</i> Lam. and <i>Symphostemon</i><br /> -Welw.) (Plate 134.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plectranthus</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -27. Staminal tube slit open behind. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Staminal tube closed.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -28. Calyx-lobes orbicular, much enlarged in the fruit, membranous, net-veined.<br /> -Corolla-tube abruptly bent downwards; upper lip entire. Disc almost -equal-sided. Style-apex 2-cleft. Stem ascending. Leaves fleshy.<br /> -False whorls 6-flowered, aggregated in panicled racemes.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capitanya</b> Schweinf.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, slightly enlarged in the fruit. Upper lip of the<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_475">{475}</a></span>corolla 4-toothed or 4-lobed. Stem erect. False whorls in lax racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Calyx distinctly 2-lipped. Corolla-tube abruptly bent downwards. Disc -one-sided. Style-apex 2-cleft. False whorls of 6 or more flowers.—Species<br /> -5. Central Africa. (Under <i>Plectranthus</i> L’Hér.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Solenostemon</b> Schum. & Thonn.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx subequally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube straight or slightly curved.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Corolla-tube curved, gibbous at the base. Disc nearly equal-sided. Style-apex -notched. Leaves alternate, sometimes almost opposite or whorled.<br /> -False whorls in terminal racemes. (See 26.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plectranthus</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube straight, not gibbous at the base. Disc one-sided. Style-apex -two-cleft. Leaves opposite. False whorls 1-2-flowered, in axillary -racemes.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Englerastrum</b> Briq.<br /> -<br /> -31. Calyx with an ovate, not much prolonged upper lip and narrower, acuminate -lower teeth, little changed in fruit.—Species 110. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some have edible tubers or serve as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coleus</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with a much prolonged upper lip. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Filaments shortly united at the base. Fruiting calyx not bursting; -lower teeth suborbicular. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Inflorescence -dense, paniculate.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisochilus</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united halfway up. Lower calyx-teeth acute. Leaves cordate -at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Inflorescence lax, panicle- or corymb-like. Leaves ovate. Fruiting -calyx much enlarged, ventricose, bursting at the base.—Species 3.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neomuellera</b> Briq.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescence dense, raceme-like. Leaves oblong-lyrate. Calyx-teeth narrow.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leocus</b> A. Chev.<br /> -<br /> -34. (8.) Anther-halves linear, usually separated by an enlarged connective.<br /> -Stamens usually 2.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves oblong, ovate, or globose. Stamens usually 4.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -35. Fertile stamens 4, the lower pair longer. Anthers with a very small -connective and separate halves divergent below. Corolla obscurely<br /> -2-lipped; tube slightly exserted, hairy at the base within. Calyx<br /> -13-15-nerved, with 5 subequal acuminate teeth. Shrubs. False -whorls few-flowered.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Island of Réunion.<br /> -(<i>Mahya</i> Cordem.) [Tribe HORMINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphacele</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 2, with a lengthened connective. Calyx 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Anthers with both halves fertile, parallel, and attached to a short connective.<br /> -Disc equal-sided. Corolla almost regular, 4-lobed. Shrubs.<br /> -False whorls many-flowered.—Species 1. Abyssinia. Yields condiments -and medicaments. [Tribe MERIANDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Meriandra</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers with one half only fertile and attached to one branch of the long -connective, the other half abortive or wanting. Disc more or less one-sided.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_476">{476}</a></span>Corolla 2-lipped.—Species 80. Some of them yield condiments, -medicaments, and a substitute for tea, or serve as ornamental -plants. “Sage.” [Tribe SALVIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salvia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -37. Anther-halves globose or ovate, spreading horizontally and usually confluent -at the apex, flat after opening. Stamens 4. Calyx subequally<br /> -5-toothed. [Tribe POGOSTEMONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves oblong or ovate, not flat after opening.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -38. Filaments unequal, the lower pair longer, glabrous. Anther-halves tardily -confluent. Disc one-sided. Corolla slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip -somewhat concave and notched, the lower 3-lobed. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -False whorls many-flowered.—Species 3. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elsholtzia</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments equal. Anther-halves confluent at an early stage. Disc almost -equal-sided. Corolla subequally 4-5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Filaments bearded. Disc columnar, truncate. Calyx-teeth equal. Corolla-lobes<br /> -4. Herbs.—Species 1. Southern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pogostemon</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments glabrous. Disc with 4 glands. Calyx-teeth unequal. Corolla-lobes<br /> -5. Shrubs or trees. False whorls 6-10-flowered, in paniculately -arranged spikes.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetradenia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -40. Stamens 4, the upper (posticous) pair longer than the lower, all parallel and -ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. Calyx 13-15~nerved, -subequally 5-toothed. Herbs. [Tribe NEPETEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4, the lower longer than the upper, or all equal, or only 2 present.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -41. Anther-halves parallel or nearly so. Disc almost equal-sided. Corolla -white, with a much projecting tube. Leaves 3-partite.—Species 1.<br /> -Madeira and Canary Islands; naturalized in South Africa. Used as an -ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cedronella</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves spreading.—Species 15. North and Central Africa. Some -are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nepeta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -42. Stamens and styles enclosed in the corolla-tube. Stamens 4, in two -unequal pairs, the lower sometimes with rudimentary anthers. Anther-halves -spreading. Style-apex entire or shortly and obtusely lobed.<br /> -Calyx 5-10-nerved, subequally 5-10-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; -tube not or slightly projecting beyond the calyx. [Tribe MARRUBIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -Stamens and styles of the hermaphrodite flowers projecting beyond the -corolla-tube, very rarely enclosed in it, but then anther-halves more or -less parallel or calyx distinctly two-lipped. Corolla-tube usually -projecting beyond the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -43. Nutlets truncate at the apex. Calyx 10-11-nerved. Upper lip of the -corolla slightly convex. Anthers all fertile, those of the lower stamens -larger; halves confluent. Disc equal-sided. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_477">{477}</a></span>6. South Africa and southern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acrotome</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets rounded at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Anthers all fertile, the halves early confluent at the apex. False whorls of -flowers axillary. Herbs.—Species 9. North Africa and Cape Verde<br /> -Islands. Some are used medicinally. “Hore-hound.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marrubium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers of the upper stamens 2-celled, those of the lower nearly always -abortive or rudimentary. Disc equal-sided. Calyx 5-toothed. Upper -lip of the corolla nearly flat. Leaves undivided.—Species 20. North<br /> -Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including <i>Leucophae</i> Webb et<br /> -Berth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sideritis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -45. Corolla distinctly two-lipped with a convex, more or less helmet-shaped -upper lip. Stamens 4, in two pairs of unequal length, ascending under -the upper lip of the corolla. [Tribe STACHYEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -Corolla two-lipped with a rather flat upper lip, or more or less regular.<br /> -Leaves undivided. [Tribe SATUREIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -46. Calyx compressed from front to back, 10-nerved, distinctly 2-lipped; upper -lip 3-toothed, lower 2-cleft, bent towards the upper and closing the -mouth of the calyx after flowering. Corolla blue, violet, red, or white; -tube exserted, widened above; upper lip entire, lower 3-lobed. Filaments -with an appendage at the apex. Anther-halves separate, divergent.<br /> -Herbs. False whorls 6-flowered, in dense racemes, with imbricate -bracts. [Subtribe <small>BRUNELLINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -Calyx more or less equally 5-10-toothed, rarely two-lipped, but -the lower lip not closing the mouth of the calyx. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>LAMIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -47. Corolla-tube narrow below, widened at the throat, glabrous within; limb -blue or violet; midlobe of the lower lip two-cleft. Disc one-sided.<br /> -Style-apex 4-cleft. Nutlets very slimy when wet. Bracts narrow, -awned.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cleonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube wide, narrow at the throat, with a ring of hairs or scales within; -midlobe of the lower lip concave, toothed. Disc equal-sided. Style-apex<br /> -2-cleft. Nutlets not or slightly slimy when wet. Bracts broad.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa and Cape Verde Islands; one species also -naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally. (<i>Prunella</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brunella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -48. Style-branches very unequal, the posterior much shorter than the anterior.<br /> -Anther-halves spreading, finally confluent at the apex. Corolla white, -yellow, or red; upper lip very hairy. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches equal or nearly equal, rarely distinctly unequal, but then -the upper lip of the corolla almost glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -49. Upper lip of the corolla much longer than the lower one. Calyx with<br /> -8-10 unequal, usually stiff teeth. Disc equal-sided. Leaves toothed.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leonotis</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_478">{478}</a></span>Upper lip of the corolla as long as or shorter than the lower one.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Upper lip of the corolla laterally compressed; tube with a ring of hairs -inside. Corolla red or yellow. Calyx 5-toothed. Disc equal-sided.<br /> -False whorls 6- or more-flowered, axillary.—Species 4. North Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phlomis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Upper lip of the corolla not laterally compressed; tube included. Corolla -white or red.—Species 90. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt.<br /> -Several species are used medicinally; others are noxious weeds. (Including<br /> -<i>Lasiocorys</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucas</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -51. Nutlets 3-angled, with a truncate apex. Leaves toothed or divided.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets more or less egg-shaped, with a rounded apex.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -52. Style-branches very unequal. Calyx two-lipped with entire lips. Corolla -red, with a much exserted tube. Small shrubs.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa (Somaliland). (Under <i>Tinnaea</i> Peyr. et Kotschy).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Renschia</b> Vatke<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches almost equal. Calyx 2-lipped with spiny-toothed lips, or -subequally 5-toothed. Upper lip of the corolla hairy. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -53. Calyx-limb broadened, two-lipped, with 5-10 spiny teeth. Corolla -white; tube included, furnished with a ring of hairs inside, slightly -widened above. Anther-halves spreading. Disc equal-sided.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa (Tunisia).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Moluccella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-limb not broadened, subequally 5-toothed. Corolla white or red.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -54. Calyx-teeth spinous. Corolla-tube slightly widened above. Disc equal-sided.—Species<br /> -2. One a native of North Africa, the other naturalized -in the Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leonurus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth unarmed. Corolla-tube ventricose above. Anther-halves -finally spreading.—Species 8. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some -species are used medicinally. “Deadnettle.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lamium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -55. Nutlets densely clothed with scales at the apex. Corolla-tube glabrous -within; upper lip short, slightly concave, notched or two-lobed, glabrous -or downy. Anther-halves usually confluent at an early stage. Disc -equal-sided. Herbs. Leaves toothed.—Species 15. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achyrospermum</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Nutlets not scaly. Anther-halves not or tardily confluent.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Anthers of the posterior stamens with one half, of the anterior with both -halves developed; halves placed transversely. Disc equal-sided.<br /> -Corolla-tube with a ring of hairs inside; upper lip short, slightly concave, -entire, glabrous or very scantily hairy. Calyx equally 5-toothed.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 2. Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisomeles</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers all with both halves developed. Upper lip of the corolla more or -less hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Calyx funnel-shaped, 10-nerved, 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 3-toothed, -lower much larger, entire or 4-toothed. Corolla-tube with a ring of<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_479">{479}</a></span>hairs inside; upper entire, densely hairy. Anther-halves finally -spreading. Disc equal-sided. False whorls many-flowered. Shrubs or -undershrubs.—Species 8. Central Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Otostegia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx equally or subequally toothed, very rarely two-lipped with a 3-toothed -upper and a 2-cleft lower lip.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -58. Calyx funnel-shaped, 10-nerved, subequally toothed. Corolla white or -red; tube with a ring of hairs inside; upper lip notched, densely hairy.<br /> -Anther-halves finally spreading. Leaves toothed.—Species 7. North,<br /> -East, and South Africa. Some species are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ballota</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx tube- or bell-shaped, 5-10-nerved.—Species 80. Some of them -are used as ornamental or medicinal plants, others are poisonous for -cattle. (Including <i>Betonica</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stachys</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -59. (45.) Stamens ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, more or -less arched. Corolla two-lipped. Herbs or undershrubs. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>MELISSINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -Stamens projecting straight forwards, divergent.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -60. Stamens 2. Anthers with 2 confluent halves, or with a fertile and a rudimentary -half, or one half only developed. Style-apex unequally two-cleft.<br /> -Calyx 13-nerved, two-lipped. Corolla-tube shortly exserted, -glabrous within. False whorls few-flowered.—Species 3. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ziziphora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -61. Corolla-tube ascending-reflexed at the middle, glabrous within. Corolla -white or yellowish. Calyx 13-nerved, two-lipped. Style-apex cleft -into two subequal, awl-shaped branches. Leaves toothed. False -whorls few-flowered.—Species 1. North Africa. Used as an ornamental -and medicinal plant. “Balm.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melissa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube straight or slightly curved.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -62. Calyx inflated in the fruit, 15-20-nerved, subequally 5-toothed. Corolla -red; tube included, glabrous within. Style-apex cleft into two equal, -awl-shaped branches. Undershrubs. Leaves entire. False whorls<br /> -4-6-flowered.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). (Under<br /> -<i>Satureia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saccocalyx</b> Coss.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not inflated, 10-15-nerved. Corolla-tube exserted.—Species 45.<br /> -Some of them are used as pot-herbs (savory), as a substitute for tea, or -as medicinal or ornamental plants. (Including <i>Calamintha</i> Moench,<br /> -<i>Clinopodium</i> L., and <i>Micromeria</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Satureia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -63. Calyx 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed. Corolla blue, rarely reddish or white,<br /> -2-lipped, with an included tube. Stamens 4, in two pairs of unequal -length, ascending at the base, divergent and projecting straight forwards -towards the apex. Shrubs. Leaves entire, narrow. False whorls<br /> -6- or more-flowered.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco). Used -as an ornamental plant and for preparing perfumes and medicaments.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>HYSSOPINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyssopus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 10-13-nerved. Stamens divergent and projecting straight forwards<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_480">{480}</a></span>from the base.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -64. Corolla two-lipped; upper lip notched or 2-cleft, lower 3-cleft. Stamens<br /> -4, in two pairs of more or less unequal length. [Subtribe <small>THYMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -Corolla equally or subequally 4-cleft; tube included. Stamens 4, about -equal in length, with parallel halves, rarely only 2. Herbs. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>MENTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -65. Calyx more or less distinctly 2-lipped. Leaves entire.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -Calyx equally 5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -66. Upper lip of the calyx entire or obscurely 3-toothed; lower lip slightly 2-toothed, -almost entire, or rudimentary. Anther-halves spreading. Herbs.<br /> -Bracts suborbicular.—Species 1 (<i>M. hortensis</i> Moench). Cultivated -and sometimes naturalized in North Africa. Used as a pot-herb, for -the preparation of an essential oil and a kind of snuff, and in medicine.<br /> -“Marjoram.” (Under <i>Origanum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Majorana</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Upper lip of the calyx 3-toothed, lower 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -67. Calyx-tube much compressed from above, 13-nerved. Corolla pink; -tube exserted; upper lip 2-cleft. Anthers with a small connective and -spreading halves. Style-apex unequally 2-cleft. Shrubs. False whorls<br /> -6-flowered, in heads.—Species 1. North Africa. (Under <i>Thymus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coridothymus</b> Reichb. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube more or less cylindric, not or slightly compressed. Anthers with<br /> -a thick connective. Style-apex equally or subequally 2-cleft.—Species<br /> -20. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some species yield condiments, -medicaments, and an essential oil, or serve as ornamental plants.<br /> -“Thyme.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thymus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -68. Corolla-tube more or less projecting beyond the calyx. Anthers exserted, -with spreading halves. Style-apex unequally 2-cleft. Herbs.—Species<br /> -5. North Africa. They yield condiments, medicaments, and an -essential oil.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Origanum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube not projecting beyond the calyx. Anthers with parallel halves.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 9. Madeira and Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bystropogon</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -69. Stamens 2. Anther-halves finally spreading. Calyx equally 5-toothed, -glabrous within. Nutlets truncate at the apex. Leaves toothed.<br /> -False whorls many-flowered, axillary. Bracteoles small.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lycopus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4. Nutlets round at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Calyx equally 4-toothed, hairy within; teeth with an awn-like process -on the back. Stem decumbent. Leaves linear. False whorls axillary, -many-flowered. Bracteoles large, as long as the flowers.—Species 1.<br /> -North-West Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Preslia</b> Opiz<br /> -<br /> -Calyx equally or subequally 5-toothed; teeth without an awn-like process -on the back. Bracteoles small.—Species 9. North Africa, northern<br /> -Central Africa, and South Africa, also naturalized in Madagascar, its -neighbouring islands, and St. Helena. Some species (especially <i>M. -piperita</i> L., peppermint) yield condiments, medicaments, insectifuges, -and an essential oil used as an aromatic or for medicinal purposes; -several serve as ornamental plants. “Mint.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mentha</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_481">{481}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER SOLANINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_207">FAMILY 207.</a> SOLANACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves alternate, sometimes in pairs, simple, but sometimes (<i>Solanum</i>) -dissected. Flowers solitary or in cymose inflorescences, 5-merous, very -rarely 4-or pleio-merous. Corolla of united petals, usually regular or -nearly so, mostly folded lengthwise in the bud. Stamens as many as the -divisions of the corolla and alternating with them, rarely some of them -rudimentary. Anthers turned inwards. Disc usually distinct. Ovary -superior, 2-4-, rarely 5-or more-celled, usually 2-celled with the -partition oblique to the median plane of the flower, rarely (<i>Capsicum</i>) -incompletely septate. Ovules axile, usually numerous, inverted. Style -simple; stigma usually 2-lobed. Fruit a berry or a capsule. Seeds -albuminous.—Genera 16, species 220. (Including <i>ATROPACEAE</i>.) (Plate -135.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fertile stamens fewer than the corolla-lobes, 2, rarely 4. Corolla violet or -yellow, tube- or funnel-shaped; lobes 5, club-shaped, alternating with -entire or 2-lobed appendages. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Seeds -with straight embryo. Herbs. Leaves undivided. Flowers panicled.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa. They yield fish-poison. [Tribe SALPIGLOSSIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schwenkia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, 5, rarely 4.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 3-5-celled. Embryo much curved. Leaves entire, toothed, or -lobed. Flowers solitary, large.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled, rarely incompletely 2-celled or many-celled by cultivation.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary-cells and placentas unequal. Calyx 5-partite with obcordate -segments, enlarged after flowering and enveloping the fruit. Corolla -blue, regular, bell-shaped. Fruit a berry. Herbs.—Species 1. Naturalized -in various regions. An ornamental and medicinal plant. (<i>Pentagonia</i><br /> -Heist.) [Tribe NICANDREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nicandra</b> Adams<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells and placentas equal, 4. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, deciduous -excepting the base. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long tube.—Species<br /> -5, one of them only naturalized. They yield poisons, dyes, intoxicants, -and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. “Thorn-apple.”<br /> -(Including <i>Brugmansia</i> Pers.) [Tribe DATUREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Datura</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -4. Seeds with a straight or slightly curved embryo, usually thick. Corolla -with a long tube and a comparatively narrow limb. Flowers in cymes -or cymose panicles. Leaves undivided. [Tribe CESTREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with a strongly curved embryo, flat. [Tribe SOLANEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Fruit a berry with one or few large seeds. Ovules few in each ovary-cell.<br /> -Stamens inserted at or below the middle of the corolla-tube. Flowers -in cymes. Trees or shrubs.—Species 2. Naturalized in several islands.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_482">{482}</a></span>Ornamental and medicinal plants. [Subtribe <small>CESTRINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cestrum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule with many small seeds. Ovules many in each ovary-cell.<br /> -Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Flowers in -cymose, raceme- or panicle-like inflorescences. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -5. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in various regions.<br /> -They yield tobacco (especially from <i>N. tabacum</i> L. and <i>rustica</i> L.), -lamp-oil, vermin-poison, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental -plants. [Subtribe <small>NICOTIANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nicotiana</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruit a capsule opening by a lid. Calyx enlarged in the fruit. Corolla -widely funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, imbricate in bud, white or yellow with -red or violet veins. Herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided or lobed.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 8. North and Central Africa.<br /> -They are poisonous and yield oil and medicaments. “Henbane.”<br /> -[Subtribe <small>HYOSCYAMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyoscyamus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry, indehiscent or at length bursting irregularly. Corolla -tubular, campanulate, or rotate.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Anthers attached at the middle of the back. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft.<br /> -Root thick. Stem very short. Leaves radical, undivided.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 2. North Africa. Poisonous and -used in medicine and magic. “Mandrake.” [Subtribe <small>MANDRAGORINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mandragora</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers attached at the base or the lower part of the back. Stem well -developed. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Corolla tubular or campanulate; limb narrow in proportion to the tube.<br /> -Calyx not or slightly enlarged in the fruit. Flowers solitary or in clusters.<br /> -Leaves undivided. [Subtribe <small>LYCIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Corolla rotate or campanulate; limb broad. [Subtribe <small>SOLANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -9. Corolla irregular, with an oblique limb, violet, folded in the bud. Stamens -inserted at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments short, as long as or -shorter than the anthers. Fruit almost dry. Herbs. Leaves lobed.<br /> -Flowers in pairs in the leaf-axils.—Species 1. North-west Africa<br /> -(Algeria). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triguera</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla regular. Fruit succulent.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla-tube narrow; lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted at or -below the middle of the corolla-tube. Shrubs or trees.—Species 25.<br /> -Some of them are poisonous; several species are used as hedge-plants -or in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lycium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube wide. Fruit globose.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla brownish-green, urceolate, valvate in bud.<br /> -Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla-tube. Shrubs.<br /> -Flowers in clusters.—Species 1. Mountains of Central Africa. (Plate<br /> -135.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Discopodium</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla brownish-violet or dull-red, campanulate, imbricate -in bud. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube; filaments -long. Herbs. Flowers solitary.—Species 1 (<i>A. Belladonna</i> L., -dwale). North-west Africa (Algeria). Poisonous and yielding oil and -medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atropa</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_135" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_135.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_135.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SOLANACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 135.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Discopodium penninervium Hochst.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> -Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_136" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_136.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_136.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>SCROPHULARIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 136.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Chaenostoma Burkeanum (Benth.) Wettst.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Stamens. <i>D</i> Ovary -cut lengthwise. <i>E</i> Ovary cut across.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_483">{483}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -12. Anthers cohering or opening by apical pores. Corolla rotate or widely -campanulate. Calyx not or slightly enlarged in the fruit. Flowers -usually in cymose, umbel-, raceme-, or panicle-like inflorescences.—Species<br /> -150; three of them (<i>S. tuberosum</i> L., potato, <i>S. Melongena</i> L., -egg-plant, and <i>S. Lycopericum</i> L., tomato) only cultivated. Several -species yield edible fruits or tubers, from which starch, sugar and alcohol -are prepared, also tanning and dyeing materials, a substitute for soap, a -means to coagulate milk, and various medicaments; others serve as -vegetables or as ornamental or hedge-plants; some are poisonous.<br /> -(Including <i>Lycopersicum</i> Mill. and <i>Normania</i> Lowe).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Solanum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free, opening by longitudinal slits. Leaves entire, toothed, or -lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Corolla narrowly campanulate, white. Calyx much enlarged and inflated -in the fruit. Flowers in clusters. Leaves undivided. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -6. Poisonous and used medicinally; the sap coagulates milk.<br /> -(<i>Physaloides</i> Moench).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Withania</b> Pauq.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla rotate or very widely campanulate. Flowers solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Calyx entire or with 5 small teeth, usually but slightly enlarged in the -fruit. Corolla white. Filaments longer than the anthers. Fruit -slightly fleshy. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 6. Cultivated and -sometimes naturalized in various regions. The fruits (chillies) serve as -condiments or medicaments. “Cayenne pepper.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capsicum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-lobed, much enlarged in the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Calyx spreading under the fruit. Corolla white. Shrubs. Leaves undivided, -covered with dense hairs.—Species 1. Island of St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melissea</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx inflated and enclosing the fruit. Corolla white, yellow, or violet.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 6; three of them natives of Central and South Africa, -the others cultivated and sometimes naturalized in various regions.<br /> -They yield edible fruits and medicaments. “Winter-cherry.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physalis</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_208">FAMILY 208.</a> SCROPHULARIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves without stipules. Flowers hermaphrodite, usually irregular. -Petals 4-5, united below, imbricate, not folded in the bud. Stamens 2-5, -usually 4. Disc present. Ovary superior, 2-celled, the partition placed -transversely to the median plane of the flower, rarely 1-celled or -(<i>Bowkeria</i>) 3-celled. Ovules inverted or half-inverted. Style simple or -2-cleft. Seeds albuminous with a straight or slightly curved embryo, -rarely (<i>Dintera</i>) exalbuminous.—Genera 107, species 1150. (Including -<i>SELAGINEAE</i>.) (Plate 136.)</p> - -<p> -1. Posterior lobes or upper lip of the corolla overlapped in the bud by one or -both of the lateral lobes. [Subfamily <b>RHINANTHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Posterior lobes or upper lip of the corolla overlapping the lateral lobes<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_484">{484}</a></span>in the bud.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -2. Corolla 2-lipped with a helmet-shaped upper lip and a 3-lobed lower lip.<br /> -Stamens 4. Anther-halves separate. Fruit capsular, loculicidal. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves well developed. Flowers in leafy spikes or racemes. [Tribe<br /> -RHINANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 2-lipped with a flat upper lip, or 1-lipped with only 3 distinct lobes, -or subequally 4-5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -3. Upper lip of the corolla with reflexed margins. Calyx 4-lobed. Seeds -numerous, ribbed. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Azores. “Eyebright.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euphrasia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Upper lip of the corolla with straight margins.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Calyx 5-lobed, slit in front. Corolla yellow. Capsule oblique, narrow.<br /> -Leaves pinnately divided.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<br /> -“Lousewort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pedicularis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 4-lobed. Capsule straight. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovules few, pendulous. Corolla yellow or red. Capsule broad. Seeds -ribbed.—Species 10. North Africa. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(Under <i>Bartsia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Odontites</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules many, horizontal.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Placentas thin. Seeds few, large, with wing-like ribs. Capsule broad.<br /> -Corolla blue or red.—Species 8. Central and North-west Africa.<br /> -(<i>Bartsia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bartschia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Placentas thick. Seeds numerous, small. Corolla yellow or red.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -7. Seeds ribbed. Capsule broad.—Species 2. North and South Africa,<br /> -Abyssinia, and Island of Réunion. (<i>Trixago</i> Stev., under <i>Bartsia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bellardia</b> All.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds smooth. Capsule narrow.—Species 3. North Africa. (<i>Eufragia</i><br /> -Griseb., under <i>Bartsia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parentucellia</b> Viv.<br /> -<br /> -8. (2.) Anther-halves separate, sometimes one of them rudimentary or one -only developed. Stamens 4, more or less unequal, rarely (<i>Strigina</i>)<br /> -2 only fertile. Corolla with a distinct, usually long tube. Calyx-teeth -about as long as or shorter than the tube. [Tribe GERARDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves confluent at the apex, more rarely separate, but then corolla-tube -very short and stamens nearly equal or reduced to two, or calyx-teeth -much longer than the tube. [Tribe DIGITALEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -9. Anthers 1-celled (with one half only developed) in all stamens.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled (with both halves developed), at least in two of the stamens, -but one cell (or half) sometimes smaller than the other and barren.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla almost 1-lipped, with only 3 distinct lobes; tube curved; limb -narrow, convex. Calyx 5-cleft. Red-coloured, fleshy, parasitic herbs.<br /> -Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in terminal spikes.—Species 5.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyobanche</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_485">{485}</a></span>Corolla regular or 2-lipped, distinctly 4-5-lobed. Green herbs with well-developed leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -11. Corolla subequally 5-lobed, blue, red or white; tube straight or slightly -curved. Calyx tubular, 4-5-toothed. Capsule straight, oblong or -ovate. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Corolla more or less distinctly 2-lipped; lobes unequal.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -12. Calyx 2-lipped, 4-lobed, 5-nerved. Stamens inserted in the lower -part of the corolla-tube. Lower leaves opposite, upper alternate.—Species<br /> -1. Southern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eylesia</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Calyx subequally 4-5-toothed, 7-10-nerved.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Calyx 7-9-nerved, 4-toothed. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the -corolla-tube. Leaves all opposite.—Species 3. West Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Buchnera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stellularia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 10-nerved, usually 5-toothed.—Species 60. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. (<i>Buchnera</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buechnera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -14. Corolla-tube abruptly curved at or above the middle. Calyx tubular.<br /> -Capsule straight, oblong or ovate. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube straight or gradually curved.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Placentas thin. Ovules few, large. Stem prostrate.—Species 3. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cycniopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Placentas thick. Ovules numerous, small. Stem erect.—Species 30.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are noxious weeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Striga</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -16. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Capsule ellipsoid, straight, not beaked.—Species<br /> -12. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cycnium</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Capsule usually oblique and beaked, rarely -globose and not beaked.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhamphicarpa</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -17. (9.) Anther-halves (anther-cells) very unequal, one of them fertile, the -other barren (without pollen) or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves equal or subequal, both of them fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -18. Leaves scale-like, yellow or reddish.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Leaves well developed, green.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Corolla with a narrow limb, red. Barren anther-cell very small.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tetraspidium</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a broad limb. Barren anther-cell usually long.—Species 30.<br /> -Southern and tropical Africa. (<i>Aulaya</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harveya</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -20. Fertile stamens 2, inserted at the throat of the corolla; barren ones filiform.<br /> -Corolla with a long curved tube and a 2-lipped limb. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strigina</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Anthers partly with, partly (two of them) without a barren cell. Corolla-tube -long, inflated. Stem erect. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -Anthers all with a barren cell, which in two is sometimes very small; in<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_486">{486}</a></span>this case stem climbing. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -22. Anthers of the lower (anterior) stamens 1-celled, those of the upper -stamens with a fertile cell opening by a longitudinal slit and a spur-like -sterile cell. Corolla nearly regular. Mostly shrubs.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ghikaea</b> Schweinf. & Volk.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers of the lower stamens with a cleft connective bearing at one end a -fertile cell, which opens by an apical pore, and at the other a disc-like -appendage; those of the upper stamens 1-celled. Corolla 2-lipped.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 7. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudosopubia</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -23. Anthers with a minute, nearly imperceptible barren cell. Corolla violet; -tube slightly exceeding the calyx. Calyx enlarged in the fruit. Stem -erect, with spreading branches. Leaves undivided.—Species 1.<br /> -Southern West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hiernia</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Anthers, at least those of the shorter stamens, with a distinctly developed -barren cell.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Barren anther-cells of the longer stamens minute, nearly imperceptible, of -the shorter awn- or worm-shaped. Corolla pink or violet; tube exceeding -the calyx. Calyx enlarged and inflated in the fruit. Climbing -undershrubs.—Species 2. Central and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Buttonia</b> Mac Ken<br /> -<br /> -Barren anther-cells distinctly developed in all stamens, but sometimes -unequal in length. Calyx scarcely changed in fruit. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Anthers cohering all together or in pairs. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a -broad limb. Stem erect.—Species 25. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sopubia</b> Hamilt.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free. Corolla more or less bell-shaped, with a rather narrow -limb.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Corolla-tube exceeding the calyx. Stem climbing. Leaves undivided, -broad, coarsely toothed.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thunbergianthus</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube equalling the calyx. Stem erect. Leaves pinnately divided.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baumia</b> Engl. & Gilg<br /> -<br /> -27. (17.) Corolla-tube short, about equalling the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long, distinctly exceeding the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -28. Calyx becoming woody in the fruit. Anthers exserted, with unequal -halves. Undershrubs.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xylocalyx</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not woody in the fruit. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Calyx scarcely changed in the fruit. Capsule 4-valved. Non-parasitic -plants. Stem thin. Leaves linear. Inflorescence lax.—Species 3.<br /> -Tropics. (Including <i>Gerardianella</i> Klotzsch).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Micrargeria</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx more or less enlarged and inflated in the fruit; if but slightly changed, -then parasitic plants with thick stems and usually broad or scale-like -leaves.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>Alectra</i><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_487">{487}</a></span>Thunb. and <i>Velvitsia</i> Hiern).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melasma</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -30. Anther-halves unequal, one of them somewhat shorter or narrower.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves equal.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -31. Anther-halves nearly equal, one of them somewhat shorter than the other.<br /> -Filaments very unequal. Ovules numerous. Stem herbaceous. Flowers -without bracteoles.—Species 1. Southern Central Africa and Transvaal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gerardiina</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves distinctly unequal, one of them narrower. Stem woody, -at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -32. Corolla with a very long tube and a very narrow limb, white. Ovules<br /> -2-4 in a cell. Shrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leucosalpa</b> Scott Elliot<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a rather broad limb. Ovules numerous.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa and island of Socotra. (<i>Bopusia</i> Presl).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Graderia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -33. Stamens nearly equal in length. Corolla-tube rather short. Stem herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Stamens distinctly unequal. Stem woody.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -34. Flowers solitary or in clusters, axillary. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla blue.<br /> -Capsule 4-valved.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Charadrophila</b> Marloth<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or racemes. Corolla yellow. Capsule 2-valved.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seymeria</b> Pursh<br /> -<br /> -35. Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla bell-shaped. Glabrous shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar. (<i>Raphispermum</i> Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphispermum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth distinctly developed, pointed. Corolla funnel-shaped. Hairy -shrubs.—Species 2. Madagascar and neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Radamaea</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -36. (8.) Stamens 2.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-8.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -37. Corolla-tube long, thin, curved. Corolla white. Stamens included; -anther-halves confluent. Capsule loculicidal and septicidal, many-seeded.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves alternate, linear.—Species 3. Canary and<br /> -Cape Verde Islands and Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Campylanthus</b> Roth<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube short or rather short. Stamens long.—Species 30. Some of -them yield salad, a substitute for tea, and medicaments, or serve as -ornamental plants. “Speedwell.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Veronica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -38. Corolla-tube very short. Stamens 4-8, nearly equal in length.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long. Stamens 4, unequal.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -39. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Stamens 4-5. Corolla 5-parted, -white. Calyx 5-parted. Capsule loculicidal, many-seeded. Erect -undershrubs. Leaves alternate, narrow.—Species 1. Naturalized in<br /> -West Africa and in the Seychelles. Used medicinally and as a substitute -for tea.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Capraria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves separate.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -40. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla white, with 4 segments. Stamens 4. Capsule<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_488">{488}</a></span>septicidal; seeds numerous. Erect undershrubs. Leaves opposite -or whorled, subsessile, narrow.—Species 1. Naturalized in the tropics.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scoparia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 4-8-cleft. Corolla yellow or red, with 4-8, usually 5, segments.<br /> -Capsule loculicidal; seeds not numerous. Creeping herbs. Leaves -alternate, stalked, broad.—Species 3. Azores and Canary Islands,<br /> -Mauritius, and high mountains of Central Africa. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sibthorpia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -41. Anther-halves separate. Corolla with a long cylindrical tube and a two-lipped -limb. Leaves opposite. Flowers in spikes or racemes.—Species<br /> -1. Sahara.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lafuentea</b> Lag.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Corolla with a cylindrical tube and a broad, slightly 2-lipped limb, blue or -violet. Capsule 4-valved. Low herbs. Flowers in terminal racemes.—Species<br /> -1. Algeria. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erinus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a funnel- or bell-shaped tube more or less widened above.<br /> -Tall herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla yellow or red, 2-lipped. Flowers in terminal -racemes.—Species 6. North Africa; one of them also naturalized -in the island of Réunion. Poisonous plants used medicinally and as -ornamental plants. “Foxglove.” (Including <i>Callianassa</i> Webb et<br /> -Berth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Digitalis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma entire. Flowers in terminal heads or in axillary fascicles. Leaves -broad. Undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Anthers protruding beyond the corolla-tube. Corolla 2-lipped. Calyx-segments -glume-like, fringed or ciliate. Flowers in terminal heads.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glumicalyx</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Flowers in axillary fascicles.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camptoloma</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -45. (1.) Leaves all alternate. Corolla almost regular. Anther-halves confluent -at the apex. Ovules many in each cell of the ovary. Fruit a septicidal, -many-seeded capsule. [Subfamily <b>PSEUDOSOLANEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -Leaves, at least the lower, opposite or whorled; more rarely all radical or -alternate; in the latter case corolla distinctly irregular or ovules and -seeds solitary in each cell. [Subfamily <b>ANTIRRHINOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -46. Corolla with a long tube, funnel-shaped, blue or red. Stamens 2 or 4.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary, sometimes forming leafy racemes. Leaves -undivided. [Tribe APTOSIMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a short or very short tube, bell- or wheel-shaped. Stamens 4 -or 5. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles. [Tribe VERBASCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -47. Stamens 2. Fruit pointed. Low herbs with glandular hairs.—Species 10.<br /> -Central and South Africa, Sahara, and Egypt. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(Including <i>Doratanthera</i> Benth. and <i>Gerardiopsis</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anticharis</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_489">{489}</a></span>Stamens 4, but two of them sometimes sterile.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -48. Fruit pointed. Stamens all fertile. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 5.<br /> -South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peliostomum</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit blunt. Shrubs.—Species 25. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aptosimum</b> Burch.<br /> -<br /> -49. Stamens 4.—Species 18. Central and North Africa. Some are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Celsia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5.—Species 17. North Africa and northern East Africa; two -of the species also naturalized in South Africa and in the Mascarene<br /> -Islands. They yield fish-poison and medicaments, and serve as ornamental -plants. “Mullein.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Verbascum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -50. (45.) Ovules and seeds solitary in each cell of the ovary and fruit. Fruit -indehiscent. Stamens 2 or 4. Anther-halves confluent. Flowers in -spikes, more rarely in heads or panicles or solitary. Leaves entire, -toothed, or lobed. [Tribe SELAGINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -Ovules and seeds two or more in each cell, usually numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -51. Corolla 4-lobed, deeply slit in front. Calyx entire or 2-parted. Stamens 4.<br /> -Flowers in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 5-lobed, not slit at one side. Calyx with 3 or 5, rarely with 2 -segments.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -52. Calyx slit open in front, entire or notched behind.—Species 30. South -and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hebenstreitia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx divided into two narrow entire segments.—Species 10. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dischisma</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -53. Fertile stamens 2. Corolla-lobes subequal. Calyx 5-lobed. Fruit 1-seeded.<br /> -Shrubs. Flowers in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4. Corolla-lobes more or less unequal.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -54. Sterile stamens present.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gosela</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -Sterile stamens absent.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Agathelpis</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -55. Calyx subequally 5-toothed, adnate at the base to the bract. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species<br /> -5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microdon</b> Choisy<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with 5 segments, free from the bract, or with 2-3 segments. Fruit<br /> -2-seeded.—Species 160. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used -as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Walafrida</i> E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Selago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -56. (50.) Corolla two-lipped with concave, bladdery-inflated lips and a very -short tube. Stamens 2.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Canary Islands.<br /> -An ornamental plant. [Tribe CALCEOLARIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calceolaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla two-lipped with flat or convex lips, or nearly regular.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Corolla spurred or saccate, two-lipped. Calyx 5-parted. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -Corolla neither spurred nor saccate, rarely slightly gibbous, but then calyx<br /> -5-lobed or 3-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -58. Corolla without a distinct tube. Capsule opening by 2 or 4 valves. Herbs.<br /> -[Tribe HEMIMERIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_490">{490}</a></span>Corolla with a distinctly developed tube. Stamens 4. [Tribe ANTIRRHINEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -59. Corolla yellow, 4-cleft, usually with two pouches and two teeth at the base -of the lower lip. Stamens 2. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 4.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemimeris</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla red or blue, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, but two of them sometimes -sterile.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Flowers turned upside down by the twisting of the pedicel. Corolla -scarlet, with two shallow pits at the base. Stamens subequal, all fertile, -glabrous. Anther-halves confluent at the apex. Flowers solitary, -axillary.—Species 1. South Africa. Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alonsoa</b> Ruiz & Pav.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers very rarely turned upside down; if so, then anthers hairy. Corolla -with 1-2 pits, pouches, or spurs at the base. Stamens unequal.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -61. Lower lip of the corolla ventricose and gibbous at the base. Stamens all -fertile. Anther-halves separate, spreading.—Species 2. Naturalized -in Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Angelonia</b> Humb. & Bonpl.<br /> -<br /> -Lower lip of the corolla with 2 pits, pouches, or spurs, very rarely with one -only. Anther-halves confluent at the apex.—Species 45. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diascia</b> Link & Otto.<br /> -<br /> -62. Throat of the corolla closed by a projecting palate. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -Throat of the corolla open.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -63. Corolla spurred at the base. Anther-halves separate.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -Corolla ventricose, but not spurred at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -64. Corolla with a long spur. Cells of the capsule opening by 2-5 teeth or -valves. Leaves pinnately nerved. Flowers in terminal spikes or -racemes.—Species 40. North Africa; one of the species also naturalized -in South Africa. Some yield vermin-poison or medicaments, or serve -as ornamental plants. “Toadflax.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Linaria</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a short spur. Flowers solitary, axillary.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -65. Corolla violet. Cells of the capsule opening by 3 teeth or valves. Seeds -oblong. Creeping herbs. Leaves palmately nerved.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. (Under<br /> -<i>Linaria</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cymbalaria</b> Baumg.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla white, yellow, or two-coloured. Cells of the capsule opening by -lids. Seeds ovoid. Leaves pinnately nerved.—Species 17. North<br /> -Africa and northern Central Africa; one of the species also naturalized -in South Africa. (Under <i>Linaria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elatinoides</b> Wettst.<br /> -<br /> -66. Anther-halves separate. Capsule opening by 2 or 3 toothed pores.—Species<br /> -6. North Africa and northern Central Africa; one of the -species also naturalized in South Africa and Mauritius. Some are used -as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Snap-dragon.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antirrhinum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves confluent at the apex. A fifth, sterile stamen present.<br /> -Capsule with unequal cells, opening irregularly. Seeds ribbed. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_491">{491}</a></span>small, axillary.—Species 3. Northern East Africa and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schweinfurthia</b> A. Braun<br /> -<br /> -67. Corolla-tube with 2 pits or pouches at the base; lobes subequal. Anther-halves -confluent. Capsule 4-valved. Shrubs. Leaves alternate, broad.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colpias</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube with 1 pit, pouch, or spur. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves -opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -68. Anther-halves separate. Corolla-tube long. Capsule with unequal cells.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 4. North Africa. (Under <i>Linaria</i><br /> -Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaenorrhinum</b> (DC.) Lange<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves confluent at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -69. Corolla-tube long. Capsule opening by two apical pores. Flowers in -racemes. Radical leaves rosulate.—Species 5. North Africa and<br /> -Abyssinia. (<i>Simbuleta</i> Forsk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anarrhinum</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube short. Capsule opening by 2 or 4 longitudinal valves.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Corolla with a 2-lobed upper and a 3-lobed lower lip. Capsule globose,<br /> -4-valved. Seeds with a tight testa.—Species 7. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diclis</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a 4-lobed upper and an entire lower lip. Capsule compressed,<br /> -2-valved. Seeds with a loose testa, girt with a membranous wing.—Species<br /> -50. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used -as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nemesia</b> Vent.<br /> -<br /> -71. (57.) Flowers in cymes or in cymose panicles or fascicles; occasionally -solitary with two bracteoles on the pedicel; in this case shrubs or trees.<br /> -Anther-halves usually confluent. Fruit a septicidal capsule or a berry.<br /> -[Tribe CHELONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in heads, spikes, racemes, or racemose panicles. Stamens<br /> -2 or 4. Fruit a capsule. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -72. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Corolla with a ventricose tube -and a narrow limb. Fertile stamens 4; a fifth, sterile stamen distinctly -developed, usually scale-like. Anther-halves confluent. Fruit a capsule.—Species<br /> -20. North Africa and northern Central Africa. Some -are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scrophularia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody throughout. The fifth stamen minute or wanting, rarely -fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -73. Corolla-tube short and wide. Stamens 2 or 4. Anther-halves confluent -at the apex. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long and narrow. Stamens 4 or 5.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -74. Calyx 3-parted, the posterior segment 3-toothed. Corolla yellow or white.<br /> -Fertile stamens 2. Anther-halves divergent. Capsule 4-valved, many-seeded.<br /> -Leaves whorled. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the -leaf-axils.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ixianthes</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-lobed or 5-parted, with nearly equal segments. Fertile stamens<br /> -4.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -75. Calyx 5-lobed, valvate in bud. Corolla yellow, with a 2-parted upper lip.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_492">{492}</a></span>Capsule 4-valved, few-seeded. Leaves opposite, tomentose beneath.<br /> -Flowers in axillary and terminal, many-flowered cymes.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anastrabe</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted, imbricate in bud. Corolla with a 2-toothed upper lip.<br /> -Anther-halves nearly parallel. Capsule 2-3-valved, many-seeded.<br /> -Leaves nearly always whorled.—Species 6. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bowkeria</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -76. Fertile stamens 5. Corolla-lobes equal. Fruit a berry. Epiphytic -shrubs. Flowers in axillary clusters.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dermatobotrys</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Anther-halves divergent. Corolla red. Leaves glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves parallel or nearly so, separate.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -78. Leaves scale-like. Fruit a capsule.—Species 1. Naturalized in the<br /> -Seychelles. Ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Russelia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves well developed. Fruit a berry.—Species 5. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. The fruits are edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Halleria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -79. Anthers protruding beyond the corolla-tube. Corolla red. Fruit a two-valved -capsule.—Species 2. South Africa. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phygelius</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Fruit a 4-valved capsule or a -berry.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -80. Corolla red, slightly exceeding the calyx. Fruit a berry.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Teedia</b> Rudolphi<br /> -<br /> -Corolla yellow or violet. Fruit a capsule.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Freylinia</b> Pangelli<br /> -<br /> -81. (71.) Anther-halves completely confluent; hence anthers apparently<br /> -1-celled. Calyx 5-parted or 2-lipped. [Tribe MANULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves separate or confluent at the apex only, rarely completely -confluent, but then calyx subequally 5-lobed. [Tribe GRATIOLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -82. Calyx 2-lipped or 2-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -Calyx subequally 5-parted. Stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -83. Anthers 4, unequal, or 2.—Species 30. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zaluzianskia</b> Schmidt<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 4, equal.—Species 20. South Africa to Damaraland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycarena</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -84. Corolla-tube very short.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube distinctly developed, usually long.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -85. Corolla 2-lipped. Capsule 2-cleft. Flowers solitary. Leaves all radical.<br /> -(See 61.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diascia</b> Link & Otto<br /> -<br /> -Corolla nearly regular. Capsule 4-cleft. Flowers in racemes. Leaves -opposite.—Species 2. South Africa. (Under <i>Sutera</i> Roth)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphenandra</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -86. Corolla more or less distinctly 2-lipped. Capsule opening by pores or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_493">{493}</a></span>transverse slits.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -Corolla nearly regular or slightly 2-lipped. Capsule opening lengthwise, -septicidal.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -87. Flowers solitary. Stem climbing.—Species 1. Naturalized in the -island of St. Helena. An ornamental plant. (<i>Lophospermum</i> Don)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maurandia</b> Ort.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes. Stem erect. (See 69.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anarrhinum</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -88. Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla-tube curved. Leaves cleft or dissected.—Species<br /> -1. Egypt and Nubia. (<i>Jamesbrittenia</i> O. Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sutera</b> Roth.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma entire. Leaves entire or toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -89. Bracts adnate to the pedicels.—Species 20. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllopodium</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Bracts free from the pedicels.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -90. Calyx open or nearly open in the bud, surrounded by narrow bracts or -without bracts. Corolla-tube nearly always straight. Flowers in -compound, rarely in simple racemes.—Species 35. South Africa to<br /> -Angola. (<i>Nemia</i> Berg).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manulea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx imbricate in the bud or surrounded by broad bracts. Flowers -solitary or in usually simple spikes, racemes, or heads.—Species 120.<br /> -South and Central Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used as -ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. (Including <i>Lyperia</i> Benth., -under <i>Sutera</i> Roth). (Plate 136.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaenostoma</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -91. (81.) Fertile stamens 2.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4, rarely 3.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -92. Staminodes none. Flowers minute, solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes 2. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla 2-lipped, 5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -93. Ovary 1-celled. Style very short. Stamens inserted in the upper part -of the corolla-tube. Corolla 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Calyx 5-parted.<br /> -Leaves ovate. Aquatic herbs.—Species 1. Southern West Africa<br /> -(Damaraland)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dintera</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Style distinctly developed, curved. Corolla 4-lobed or -sub-equally 5-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -94. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 4-lobed. Stamens inserted in the lower part of -the corolla-tube. Leaves linear or oblong.—Species 1. Mascarene<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bryodes</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-lobed. Leaves ovate.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peplidium</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -95. Staminodes inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anther-halves spreading.—Species<br /> -20. Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>Bonnaya</i> Link -et Otto)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ilysanthes</b> Rafin.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes inserted in the tube of the corolla. Anther-halves parallel or -nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -96. Leaves lobed or dissected. Flowers in racemes. Lower lip of the corolla -with a 2-cleft middle-lobe. Aquatic herbs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrotriche</b> Zucc.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_494">{494}</a></span>Leaves entire.—Species 10. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dopatrium</b> Hamilt.<br /> -<br /> -97. (91.) Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anther-halves -parallel. Corolla white, unequally 3-5-lobed. Creeping herbs. Leaves -broad, palmately nerved, gland-dotted. Flowers solitary.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydranthelium</b> H. B. & Kunth<br /> -<br /> -Stamens, all or two of them, inserted in the tube of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -98. Stamens inserted in the tube and at the throat of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -99. Sepals free, broad. Corolla slightly irregular, white. The fifth, sterile -stamen filiform. Prostrate herbs. Leaves very small. Flowers solitary.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allocalyx</b> Cordem.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united below. Corolla 2-lipped. Lower stamens with a tooth- -or bristle-like appendage at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -100. Calyx without wings or prominent angles, but sometimes striped; segments -subequal.—Species 17. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(<i>Vandellia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lindernia</b> All.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx winged or with very prominent angles.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -101. Calyx subequally toothed. Anterior stamens sharply bent at the base.<br /> -Stem usually leafless.—Species 15. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craterostigma</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 2-lipped. Anterior stamens not sharply bent at the base. Stem -leafy.—Species 8. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Torenia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -102. Anther-halves separate, not contiguous. Corolla 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves contiguous or confluent.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -103. Sepals united high up. Fruit 2-valved. Stem procumbent or ascending.—Species<br /> -8. Northern East Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lindenbergia</b> Lehm.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united at the base only. Fruit 4-valved.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -104. Placentas winged and connate in the fruit. Glabrous water- or marsh-plants.—Species<br /> -6. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(<i>Ambulia</i> Lam., <i>Stemodiacra</i> P. Browne)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limnophila</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Placentas not winged, usually separate. Corolla blue. Glandular-pubescent -land-plants.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stemodia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -105. Sepals united high up.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -Sepals united at the base only.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -106. Corolla 2-lipped. Anther-halves separate or confluent at the top.<br /> -Ovary completely septate. Leaves opposite.—Species 3. Two of -them indigenous in tropical and South Africa, the third naturalized in -the Azores. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mimulus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla nearly regular. Anther-halves completely confluent. Ovary -septate at the base only. Leaves all radical. Flowers axillary.—Species<br /> -5. Southern and tropical Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Limosella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -107. Sepals very unequal. Anther-halves separate.—Species 10. Tropics,<br /> -South Africa, and Egypt. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal -plants. (<i>Moniera</i> P. Browne, including <i>Herpestis</i> Gaertn. and <i>Bramia</i><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_495">{495}</a></span>Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bacopa</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals nearly equal. Anther-halves confluent at the top. Corolla 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -108. Sepals broad. Corolla red or violet. Stamens, at least the anterior -exserted; filaments with an appendage at the base. Flowers in -racemes, rather large.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artanema</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Sepals narrow. Stamens included; filaments without an appendage.<br /> -Flowers solitary, very small.—Species 4. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stemodiopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_209">FAMILY 209.</a> BIGNONIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite and compound, without stipules. -Flowers usually large and panicled, more or less irregular, -hermaphrodite. Sepals united below. Petals united below, imbricate in -bud. Stamens inserted on the lower part of the corolla, 4, in two pairs -of unequal length, the fifth sterile, rarely all 5 fertile. Anthers -opening by two longitudinal slits, rarely (<i>Colea</i>) by one. Disc -present. Ovary superior, 1-2-celled. Ovules numerous, in two or more -rows, inverted. Style simple; stigmas 2. Fruit a capsule with the valves -usually separating from the partition, or a nut or berry. Seeds usually -placed transversely and margined or winged, exalbuminous.—Genera 21, -species 90. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 137.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged. Ovary completely 2-celled. [Tribe<br /> -TECOMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a berry or nut. Seeds not winged, but often margined. Ovary -cylindric, 1-celled or incompletely, rarely (<i>Colea</i>) completely 2-celled.<br /> -Fertile stamens 4. Stem erect. [Tribe CRESCENTIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -2. Fertile stamens 5. Anthers exserted, with parallel halves. Calyx 5-toothed.<br /> -Ovules few, in two rows. Erect, spiny shrubs. Leaves -fascicled. Flowers solitary or in clusters.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4. Leaves pinnate, very rarely (<i>Stenolobium</i>) unifoliolate.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -3. Calyx tubular, slit on one side, with linear teeth. Corolla white, with a -long tube. Capsule slightly compressed, with prickly warts. Leaves -undivided.—Species 1. South Africa and southern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Catophraetes</b> G. Don<br /> -<br /> -Calyx bell-shaped. Capsule much compressed, smooth.—Species 9.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhigozum</b> Burch.<br /> -<br /> -4. Stamens projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Anther-halves divergent or -divaricate. Flowers in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Stamens concealed within the corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Calyx spathe-like, slit on one side. Seeds with a broad wing. Trees. Leaflets -entire.—Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, edible seeds, -and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. “African tulip-tree.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spathodea</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx bell-shaped, equally 5-toothed. Seeds with a narrow wing. Twining -shrubs. Leaflets serrate.—Species 3. Central and South Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_496">{496}</a></span>Used as ornamental plants. (Under <i>Tecoma</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tecomaria</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -6. Anther-halves parallel. Calyx spathe-like, split down one side. Trees.<br /> -Flowers panicled.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves divergent or divaricate.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -7. Basal (cylindric) part of the corolla-tube short. Ovules of each cell in<br /> -2 rows. Fruit 2-celled; valves boat-shaped.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa. Yields timber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Newbouldia</b> Seem.<br /> -<br /> -Basal part of the corolla-tube long. Ovules of each cell in more than two -rows. Fruit 4-celled; valves flat. Leaflets entire.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dolichandrone</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -8. Inflorescences lateral, usually springing from the old wood. Anther-halves -usually divergent.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences terminal. Anther-halves usually divaricate.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -9. Flowers solitary or in cymes. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla distinctly<br /> -2-lipped; tube curved. Disc conical. Ovules of each cell in two -rows. Climbing shrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Perichlaena</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles. Calyx bell-shaped, unequally 3-5-cleft. Corolla -not distinctly 2-lipped. Ovules of each cell in several rows. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -10. Calyx-tube narrow, leathery. Corolla campanulate-funnel-shaped. Disc -saucer-shaped. Fruit with leathery, keeled valves. Leaves glabrous, -crowded at the end of the branches.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kigelianthe</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube wide. Corolla ventricose-campanulate, curved. Disc cushion-shaped.<br /> -Fruit cylindric, twisted. Leaves tomentose beneath.—Species<br /> -2. Central Africa. (<i>Ferdinandia</i> Seem., under <i>Heterophragma</i><br /> -DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fernandia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -11. Flowers in racemes or umbels. Calyx narrowly bell-shaped, 5-toothed.<br /> -Connective of the stamens broadened, leaf-like. Ovules of each cell in -two rows. Erect shrubs. Leaflets serrate.—Species 1. Naturalized -in Central Africa. An ornamental plant. (Under <i>Tecoma</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenolobium</b> D. Don<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles. Connective not leaf-like.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Ovules arranged in 2 rows in each cell. Calyx bell-shaped or tubular, -truncate or unequally 2-5-lobed. Fruit with a spongy partition.<br /> -Trees.—Species 6. Tropics. They yield timber, gum, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stereospermum</b> Cham.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules arranged in 4-8 rows in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Ovules in 4 rows in each cell. Calyx spathe-like, split down one side.<br /> -Fruit with a winged partition. Trees.—Species 10. Central Africa.<br /> -Some species yield timber. (Under <i>Dolichandrone</i> Fenzl)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Markhamia</b> Seem.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules in 8 rows in each cell. Calyx bell-shaped, inflated, equally 5-toothed.<br /> -Climbing shrubs.—Species 2. Central and South-east Africa (Under<br /> -<i>Pandorea</i> Endl. or <i>Tecoma</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podranea</b> Sprague<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_137" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_137.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_137.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>BIGNONIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 137.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Kigelia aethiopica Decne.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Leaf. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Ovary cut -lengthwise. <i>E</i> Ovary cut across. <i>F</i> Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_138" style="width: 321px;"> -<a href="images/plt_138.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_138.jpg" width="321" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PEDALIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 138.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Sesamum angolense Welw.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering plant. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Lower part of the -flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Stigma. <i>E</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_497">{497}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -14. (1.) Ovary completely 1-celled. Calyx bell-shaped, bursting irregularly.<br /> -Corolla red or orange, ventricose-campanulate, irregular. Anther-halves -parallel or divergent. Fruit with a thick rind. Trees. Leaves -pinnate.—Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species -yield timber or medicaments. (<i>Kigelkeia</i> Rafin.) (Plate 137.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kigelia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Leaves simple, undivided. Ovary 2-celled nearly to the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnately compound or reduced to the winged leaf-stalk. Flowers -panicled.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -16. Leaves with a pair of spines at their base. Flowers solitary or in clusters, -axillary or springing from the old wood. Calyx pouch-shaped, unequally<br /> -2-5-lobed. Corolla regular, long funnel-shaped. Anther-halves divaricate.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paracolea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves without spines at the base, but the leaf-stalk sometimes becoming -spine-like. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. Calyx bell-shaped,<br /> -5-toothed. Corolla more or less irregular, bell- or bell-funnel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Leaves herbaceous; leaf-stalk hardening into a spine. Flowers in panicles.<br /> -Corolla irregular. Anther-halves divaricate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phylloctenium</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves leathery, resinous; leaf-stalk not hardening into a spine. Flowers -in racemes. Corolla almost regular. Anther-halves divergent, pendulous.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar. (Under <i>Tabebuia</i> Gomez).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zaa</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -18. Leaves reduced to the jointed and winged leaf-stalk bearing sometimes<br /> -1-3 terminal leaflets. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla slightly irregular.<br /> -Anther-halves divaricate. Disc saucer-shaped. Ovary septate at the -base. Fruit succulent.—Species 7. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands. Some species yield timber and edible fruits or serve as ornamental -plants. (<i>Arthrophyllum</i> Boj.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllarthron</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves pinnate, opposite or whorled.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Calyx long tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, nearly regular.<br /> -Anther-halves divergent. Disc ring-shaped. Ovary 2-celled nearly -to the apex. Inflorescences terminal.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Siphocolea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx bell-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Calyx subequally 5-cleft. Corolla regular, almost barrel-shaped, red.<br /> -Anther-halves divaricate. Disc saucer-shaped, crenate. Trees. Inflorescences -terminal.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhodocolea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-toothed or unequally cleft. Corolla more or less irregular, bell-funnel-shaped.<br /> -Fruit dry.—Species 25. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands. Some species have edible fruits.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Colea</b> Boj.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_498">{498}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_210">FAMILY 210.</a> PEDALIACEAE</p> - -<p>Plants with glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, at least the lower ones, -simple. Flowers irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, -united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the lower part of -the corolla-tube, the 4 fertile in pairs of unequal length, the fifth -sterile, small, awl-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-8-celled with 2 or more -axile ovules in each cell, rarely (<i>Linariopsis</i>) 1-celled with 2 basal -ovules. Style 1, long, with 2 stigmas or stigmatic lobes. Fruit a -capsule or a nut. Seeds with a straight embryo and thin albumen.—Genera -14, species 65. (Plate 138.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers in terminal, raceme- or umbel-like cymes. Shrubs or small trees.<br /> -Ovary 2-4-celled with numerous ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in fascicles in the axils of the leaves, with glands at the -base of the pedicels. Herbs, rarely (<i>Pretreothamnus</i>) shrubs, but then -ovules 3 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Inflorescences umbel- or fascicle-like. Glands at the base of the pedicels -none. Corolla-tube moderately long, funnel-shaped, neither spurred nor -curved. Anthers included; halves divergent, pendulous. Disc slightly -one-sided. Ovary-cells not or very incompletely chambered. Fruit -beset with hooked bristles. Seeds narrowly winged. Leaves large, -broad, long-stalked, lobed. Spines none.—Species 6. Madagascar.<br /> -(Under <i>Harpagophytum</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uncarina</b> (Baill.) Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences raceme-like. Glands at the base of the pedicels presente.<br /> -Corolla-tube very long, cylindrical, spurred or curved. Ovary-cell, -nearly completely chambered. Leaves small, partly replaced by -spines.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Corolla spurred. Anthers scarcely exserted, with parallel halves. Disc -one-sided. Stem much thickened at the base.—Species 6. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sesamothamnus</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla not spurred, with an S-shaped tube, yellow. Anthers exserted, -with divergent halves. Disc equal-sided. Stem not much thickened.<br /> -Species 1. Southern West Africa (Damaraland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sigmatosiphon</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -4. Ovary and fruit 1-celled. Ovules 2, erect. Seed 1. Calyx-lobes very -unequal. Corolla violet; tube widened from the base, almost straight.<br /> -Anther-halves parallel. Disc equal-sided. Stem prostrate, hairy.<br /> -Leaves undivided. Flowers solitary.—Species 1. Southern West<br /> -Africa (Angola). Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Linariopsis</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 2-4-celled. Ovules 2 or more in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Ovary and fruit 2-celled, with undivided cells. Ovules descending or -horizontal. Leaves toothed, lobed, or divided. Flowers solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 2-4-celled, each cell completely or incompletely divided<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_499">{499}</a></span>into two chambers.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -6. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 8 or more in each cell of the ovary. Anthers opening by long slits.<br /> -Disc one-sided. Succulent, prostrate herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -7. Fruit 4-winged, without spines. Anther-halves divergent, opening by -short slits. Disc one-sided. Corolla yellow or red. Stem tuberous -at the base.—Species 15. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterodiscus</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit wingless, bearing spines or tubercles. Corolla yellow. Succulent -herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Fruit with a large spine at the base of each angle.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa and Madagascar. Yields vegetables and is used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pedalium</b> Royen<br /> -<br /> -Fruit without large spines at the base, but with small spines or tubercles -on the flanks. Seeds winged.—Species 1. East Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Pedalium</i> Royen).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pedaliophytum</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -9. Ovules 8 in each cell of the ovary. Corolla yellow; tube deeply saccate -at the base.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holubia</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous in each cell of the ovary. Corolla red; tube not or slightly -saccate at the base. Fruit with several rows of recurved spines.—Species<br /> -3. South and Central Africa. Noxious weeds. “Grapple -plant.” (<i>Uncaria</i> Burch.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Harpagophytum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -10. Ovules 2-3 in each chamber of the ovary, ascending, or one ascending, -the other descending. Fruit a nut.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous in each chamber, at least in the larger ones, descending or -horizontal. Fruit a capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Ovules 2 in each of the 4 chambers of the ovary. Fruit with 2 spines -in the middle. Corolla red. Trailing herbs. Leaves lobed.—Species 1.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pretrea</b> J. Gay<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 in each chamber. Shrubs.—Species 1. Northern East Africa<br /> -(Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pretreothamnus</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -12. Cells of the ovary and fruit unequal in size and containing an unequal -number of ovules or seeds. Corolla violet or white. Fruit with 2-8 -spines or tubercles at the base; only the larger cell dehiscent. Erect -herbs. Leaves toothed or lobed. Flowers usually in cymes.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa to Namaland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rogeria</b> J. Gay<br /> -<br /> -Cells of the ovary and fruit equal. Flowers solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Fruit with two horns or spines at the apex. Corolla red, violet, or yellow.—Species<br /> -5. Central and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceratotheca</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit without horns nor spines. Corolla red or white.—Species 20.<br /> -Central and South Africa; one species (<i>S. indicum</i> L.) also cultivated in<br /> -Egypt and Madagascar. The seeds of this and a second species are used -as food or as a condiment and for preparing meal and oil; some species -yield dyes or medicaments or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 138.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sesamum</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_500">{500}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_211">FAMILY 211.</a> MARTYNIACEAE</p> - -<p>Erect, hairy herbs. Leaves broad, undivided. Flowers in racemes, with -large bracteoles, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx unequally 5-lobed, -slit in front. Corolla obliquely campanulate, two-lipped, 5-lobed, red. -Fertile stamens 2, inserted on the lower part of the corolla-tube, -included; staminodes 3. Disc regular. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 2 -two-cleft parietal placentas. Ovules 4-16, descending, inverted. Style -1, long, with 2 stigmas or stigma-lobes. Fruit ending in two horns, -8-ribbed, 4-chambered and 4-seeded, opening loculicidally at the apex; -exocarp leathery, endocarp hard. Seeds with a straight embryo and thin -albumen. (Under <i>PEDALINEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 1. Naturalized in Madagascar and Mauritius. An -ornamental and medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Martynia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_212">FAMILY 212.</a> OROBANCHACEAE</p> - -<p>Parasitic herbs destitute of green colour. Leaves reduced to scales. -Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx -2-5-toothed or consisting of two entire or 2-toothed segments or sepals. -Corolla 4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the tube of the -corolla, 4, in two pairs of unequal length. Anthers opening lengthwise. -Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 4 parietal placentas. Ovules numerous, -inverted. Style simple. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds with a pitted -testa, a copious albumen, and an undivided embryo.—Genera 2, species -30. North and Central Africa. (Plate 139.)</p> - -<p> -Calyx 5-lobed, with blunt or rounded, nearly equal lobes. Corolla almost -equally 5-lobed. Bracteoles adnate to the calyx.—Species 6. North -and Central Africa. (Under <i>Phelipaea</i> E. Mey.) (Plate 139.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cistanche</b> Hoffm. & Link<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 2-5-toothed with pointed teeth, or consisting of two entire or 2-toothed -segments or sepals.—Species 25. North and East Africa; -two species also naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as vegetables -or as medicinal or ornamental plants, others are noxious weeds.<br /> -“Broomrape.” (Including <i>Phelipaea</i> E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Orobanche</b> (Tournef.) G. Beck<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_213">FAMILY 213.</a> GESNERACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules. Flowers -irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals united below. Petals united below, -imbricate in bud. Fertile stamens 2. Disc present. Ovary superior, -1-celled, with parietal placentas, sometimes incompletely 2-4-celled. -Ovules numerous, inverted. Style simple. Fruit a capsule. Seeds -exalbuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 6, species 65. Tropical and South -Africa. (<i>CRYTANDREAE.</i>) (Plate 140.)</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_139" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_139.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_139.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>OROBANCHACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 139.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cistanche lutea Link & Hoffmsg.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Stem. <i>B</i> Inflorescence. <i>C</i> Flower laid open. <i>D</i> Anther. <i>E</i> -Stigma. <i>F</i> Ovary cut lengthwise. <i>G</i> Ovary cut across.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_140" style="width: 322px;"> -<a href="images/plt_140.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_140.jpg" width="322" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>GESNERACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 140.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Streptocarpus Cooperi Clarke</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Whole plant. <i>B</i> Flower laid open. <i>C</i> Anther (from front and back). -<i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_501">{501}</a></span></p> - -<p> -1. Fruit linear, loculicidal or follicular. Disc equal-sided, sometimes indistinct.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit oblong, ovate, or globose. Disc one-sided, rarely (<i>Saintpaulia</i>) -equal-sided.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -2. Fruit twisted.—Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some are -used as ornamental plants. (Plate 140.) (Tribe STREPTOCARPEAE.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Streptocarpus</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit not twisted.—Species 5. West Africa and Madagascar. (<i>Roettlera</i><br /> -Vahl, including <i>Trachystigma</i> C. B. Clarke). [Tribe DIDYMOCARPEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Didymocarpus</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -3. Fruit globose, opening transversely. Calyx shortly toothed. Corolla -blue or white. Posterior stamens fertile. Inflorescence capitate.<br /> -Leaves few.—Species 2. West Africa. [Tribe BESLERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epithema</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Fruit ovate or oblong, opening lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit loculicidal or follicular. Leaf single.—Species 2. West Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Carolofritschia</i> Engl.) [Tribe KLUGIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthonema</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit septicidal. Leaves several. [Tribe RAMONDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Corolla white, lobed. Disc one-sided. Anthers oblong. Ovary completely<br /> -1-celled, glandular-hairy. Stigma entire. Stem creeping. Leaves -alternate.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Linnaeopsis</b> Engl.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla blue or violet, cleft. Disc equal-sided. Anthers ovoid or subglobose.<br /> -Ovary incompletely 2-4-celled, hairy. Stigma 2-lobed.<br /> -Stem erect or ascending. Leaves opposite or all radical.—Species 4.<br /> -East Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saintpaulia</b> Wendl.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_214">FAMILY 214.</a> LENTIBULARIACEAE</p> - -<p>Rootless herbs with pitcher-leaves. Flowers solitary or in spikes or -racemes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 2-or 5-parted. Corolla of -united petals, 2-lipped, spurred or saccate. Stamens 2, attached to the -base of the corolla. Anthers 1-celled. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with a -free central placenta. Ovules several or many, inverted. Stigma sessile, -entire or unequally 2-lobed. Fruit a 3-many-seeded capsule. Seeds -exalbuminous.—Genera 2, species 65. (Plate 141.)</p> - -<p> -Calyx subequally 5-partite. Land- or marsh-plants. Pitcher-leaves tubular -with two spirally twisted arms. Flowers in few-flowered racemes, with<br /> -2 bracteoles each.—Species 3. South Africa and southern Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Genlisea</b> St. Hil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 2-partite or of 2 free sepals. Pitcher-leaves bladder-like, ovoid or -globose.—Species 60. Some of them are used as ornamental, medicinal, -or dye-plants. “Bladderwort.” (Plate 141.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Utricularia</b> L.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_502">{502}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_215">FAMILY 215.</a> GLOBULARIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, without stipules. Flowers in heads -or spikes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla 2-lipped, -5-lobed, usually blue. Stamens 4, in two pairs of unequal length, -attached to the corolla. Staminodes none. Anthers turned inwards, -2-celled, opening by a transverse slit. Disc present, usually -gland-like. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. -Style simple; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Fruit dry, indehiscent. Seed -albuminous; embryo straight, the radicle turned upwards.—Genera 3, -species 6. North Africa, Cape Verde Islands, and Socotra. (Under -<i>SELAGINEAE</i>.)</p> - -<p> -1. Flowers in spikes. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx; lobes of the -upper lip similar to those of the lower.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<br /> -<b>Cockburnia</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in heads. Corolla distinctly exceeding the calyx; lobes of the -upper lip much shorter than those of the lower.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Heads axillary. Corolla-tube slit open between the lobes of the upper lip.—Species<br /> -2. Madeira, Canaries, and Cape Verde Islands. (Under<br /> -<i>Globularia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lytanthus</b> Wettst.<br /> -<br /> -Heads terminal. Corolla-tube not slit.—Species 3. North Africa.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Globularia</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER ACANTHINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_216">FAMILY 216.</a> ACANTHACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves opposite or whorled, simple, without stipules, usually dotted -with cystoliths. Flowers more or less irregular, 4-5-merous, -hermaphrodite. Petals united below. Fertile stamens 2 or 4. Disc usually -present. Style simple. Stigma entire or 2-lobed, rarely 4-lobed. Ovary -superior, 2-celled, rarely (<i>Afromendoncia</i>) 1-celled. Fruit a -loculicidal capsule, the valves bearing the split dissepiments, more -rarely a drupe. Seeds 2 or more, mostly exalbuminous; funicle usually -with a hook-like outgrowth.—Genera 106, species 1100. (Plate 142.)</p> - -<p> -1. Fruit a 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded drupe. Funicles small, without an outgrowth.<br /> -Ovary 1-2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Stamens 4, -with 2-celled anthers. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Calyx -minute, enveloped by two large bracteoles. Flowers solitary or in -clusters in the leaf-axils, rarely in terminal racemes. Leaves not dotted -with cystoliths. Climbing shrubs. [Subfamily <b>MENDONCIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a 2-celled, 2- or more-seeded capsule. Funicles with a tubercle- -or hook-shaped outgrowth, or thickened throughout their length.<br /> -Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit oblong or ovate. Flowers in axillary clusters.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics. (Including <i>Liraya</i> Pierre, under <i>Mendoncia</i><br /> -Vell.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afromendoncia</b> Gilg<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled, at least when young.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_141" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_141.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_141.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>LENTIBULARIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 141.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Utricularia livida E. Mey.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Pistil and calyx cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_142" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_142.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_142.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>ACANTHACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 142.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) Lindau</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower (most of the corollas having fallen off). <i>B</i> -Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Stamen. <i>E</i> Fruit cut lengthwise -(without the seeds).</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_503">{503}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -3. Flowers solitary, axillary. Leaves ovate. Corolla-tube curved, gibbous -below. Fruit globose.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gilletiella</b> De Wild. & Dur.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary clusters or in terminal racemes. Leaves oblong.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monachochlamys</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -4. Funicles short and thick, without a distinct outgrowth. Seeds and ovules<br /> -2 in each cell. Seeds globular, with a lateral hilum. Fruit beaked at -the apex. Stamens 4; anthers 2-celled. Corolla nearly regular, with -contorted aestivation. Calyx enclosed by two large bracteoles.<br /> -Leaves not dotted with cystoliths. Shrubs or climbing herbs. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>THUNBERGIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Funicles with a large hook-shaped or a small tubercle-shaped outgrowth; -in the latter case seeds and ovules 6 or more in each cell.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -5. Anthers opening by pores. Stigma two-lobed. Calyx truncate. Corolla -slightly two-lipped. Flowers in racemes. Climbing shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar and southern East Africa. (Under Thunbergia L. f.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudocalyx</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.—Species 100. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Hexacentris</i> Nees).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thunbergia</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -6. Funicles small, with a minute wart-like outgrowth. Seeds and ovules 6 -or more in each cell. Seeds globose, with a lateral hilum, albuminous.<br /> -Fruit beaked, rarely only pointed at the apex. Calyx unequally 4-5-parted.<br /> -Corolla obscurely 2-lipped, with imbricate, not contorted -aestivation. Anthers 2-celled. Disc indistinct. Herbs. Leaves not -dotted with cystoliths. Flowers in spikes. [Subfamily <b>NELSONIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Funicles with a distinct hook-shaped outgrowth, rarely (<i>Synnema</i>) -thickened with an obscure outgrowth, but then corolla with contorted -aestivation and leaves dotted with cystoliths. Seeds with a basal or -subbasal hilum, exalbuminous, usually flat. Fruit usually prolonged -into a stalk at the base, rarely beaked at the top. [Subfamily<br /> -<b>ACANTHOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -7. Sepals 5, unequal, almost free. Stamens 4. Ovules in each cell numerous, -in 3-4 rows. Fruit not distinctly beaked.—Species 1. Central<br /> -Africa. (<i>Ebermaiera</i> Nees, <i>Zenkerina</i> Engl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Staurogyne</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Sepals 5, two of them united nearly to the top. Stamens 2. Ovules in -each cell 6-10, in two rows. Fruit beaked.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers with bracteoles. Stalk of the inflorescence covered with imbricate -bracts. Leaves radical or alternate. Stem erect, usually very -short.—Species 1. Central Africa. (<i>Tubiflora</i> Gmel.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elytraria</b> Vahl<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without bracteoles. Stalk of the inflorescence without bracts or -wanting. Leaves opposite. Stem procumbent or ascending.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_504">{504}</a></span>1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nelsonia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -9. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Anthers 2-celled. Seeds usually -hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Seeds usually glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla distinctly 1-or 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Corolla nearly regular.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -11. Fertile stamens 2. Corolla-tube long and thin. Fruit contracted into a -stalk. Seeds 2 in each cell. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -East Africa (Uganda).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eranthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4, rarely 2, but then, as usually, seeds more than 2 in -each cell of the fruit. Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell. [Tribe<br /> -HYGROPHILEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -12. Corolla 1-lipped, 5-lobed; tube cylindrical. Calyx equally 5-toothed.<br /> -Stamens 4. Anthers not spurred. Ovules 4-8 in each cell of the ovary.<br /> -Shrubs. Flowers in panicles.—Species 5. Central Africa. Some -of them yield fish-poison or serve as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Eremomastax</i> Lindau)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paulowilhelmia</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Fertile stamens 2; the anterior stamens sterile. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla -red or violet; tube short, with a transverse fold. Ovules numerous.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes.—Species<br /> -20. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brillantaisia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4, rarely 2, but then the posterior stamens sterile or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Funicles of the seeds with an indistinct, cushion-shaped outgrowth. Ovules -numerous. Stamens 2-4. Calyx 5-partite. Flowers solitary or in -axillary cymes. Herbs.—Species 6. Central Africa. (<i>Cardanthera</i><br /> -Ham.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synnema</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Funicles of the seeds with a distinct, hook-shaped outgrowth. Stamens 4, -approximate in pairs, each decurrent upon a common fold.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Stem woody. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx equally 5-partite.<br /> -Anthers spurred, rarely only pointed at the base. Ovules 4-6 in each -cell of the ovary.—Species 4. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mellera</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous. Anthers not spurred.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Flowers in axillary clusters, intermixed with spines. Calyx 4-partite.<br /> -Ovules 4-6 in each ovary-cell.—Species 2. Central Africa. Used for -making salt. (Under <i>Hygrophila</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asteracantha</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in spineless clusters or panicles.—Species 20. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Nomaphila<br /> -Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hygrophila</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -17. (10) Fruit distinctly compressed from front to back, contracted into a -short stalk, 2-4-seeded. Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. Stamens 4,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_505">{505}</a></span>united in pairs and decurrent at the base. [Tribe PETALIDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -Fruit more or less terete or 4-angled. [Tribes RUELLIEAE and STROBILANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -18. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled. Stigmas 2. Calyx 5-cleft or 4-parted. Flowers -in axillary clusters. Bracts oblong, about as long as the calyx; bracteoles -smaller.—Species 8. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Disperma</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells 2-ovuled. Bracts or bracteoles large.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -19. Calyx-segments 4 owing to the complete or nearly complete union of the -two anticous segments. Flowers solitary or in short lateral inflorescences.—Species<br /> -18. Tropics. (Under <i>Petalidium</i> Nees).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudobarleria</b> T. Anders.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments 5, almost free.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Calyx-segments very unequal, the posticous much larger, bract-like.<br /> -Inflorescences spike-like, composed of cymes.—Species 15. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (<i>Aetheilema</i> R. Br.,<br /> -<i>Micranthus</i> Wendl., <i>Phaylopsis</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaulopsis</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments nearly equal.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Stigma entire, capitate. Anther-halves blunt. Flowers in terminal false -umbels.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zygoruellia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma unequally 2-lobed, filiform. Anther-halves pointed or tailed below.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in cymes.—Species 5. West and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petalidium</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -22. (17.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Fruit contracted into a stalk, 2-4-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -23. Fertile stamens 2. Corolla-tube long and narrow throughout its length.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -24. Calyx divided nearly to the base. Corolla orange. Stigma capitate -or oblong, more or less 2-lobed. Fruit ellipsoid, contracted into a -short stalk, usually 2-seeded. Flowers in heads, spikes, or panicles.<br /> -Bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx.—Species 5. Central Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lankesteria</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx divided to the middle or somewhat beyond. Corolla white. Stigma -entire, oblong-linear. Fruit linear, contracted into a long stalk, usually<br /> -4-seeded. Flowers solitary or few together in the leaf-axils. Bracteoles -much shorter than the calyx.—Species 4. South and East Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Calophanes</i> Don).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chaetacanthus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -25. Filaments free from the base.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united in pairs at the base and decurrent in the form of two -ridges.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -26. Calyx shortly toothed. Corolla blue, with a long tube. Disc very small.<br /> -Flowers solitary, axillary. Bracteoles very small and narrow.—Species<br /> -2. Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Satanocrater</b> Schweinf.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply divided. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Bracteoles large, -membranous.—Species 15. Central Africa. (Including <i>Stylarthropus</i><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_506">{506}</a></span>Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Whitfieldia</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -27. Staminal ridges confluent, hence all stamens inserted upon a common -fold. Anther-halves blunt. Fruit oblong ovoid or globose, 3-4-seeded.<br /> -Flowers solitary or in spikes.—Species 4. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strobilanthes</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Staminal ridges separate. Flowers solitary or in cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -28. Calyx 5-cleft. Anther-halves usually tailed. Fruit linear, 4-seeded.—Species<br /> -30. Tropical and South Africa. (<i>Calophanes</i> Don, including<br /> -<i>Phillipsia</i> Rolfe).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dyschoriste</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted. Anthers blunt. Fruit oblong or elliptical.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -29. Fruit 2-seeded. Pollen-grains ovoid, with longitudinal ribs. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Southern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Strobilanthopsis</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Fruit 4-seeded. Pollen-grains globular, prickly.—Species 8. Tropics.<br /> -(Under <i>Dischistocalyx</i> T. Anders.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthopale</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -30. (22.) Fertile stamens 2.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -31. Ovules 3-6 in each ovary-cell. Staminodes present. Corolla nearly<br /> -2-lipped; tube short, wide, funnel-shaped. Flowers several together -in the leaf-axils. Shrubs.—Species 2. Madagascar. (Under <i>Ruttya</i><br /> -Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Forsythiopsis</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 10 in each ovary-cell. Flowers solitary. Herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruelliola</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -32. Filaments free from the base. Anthers with a fertile and a rudimentary -half. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla white. Ovules 3-4 in each ovary-cell.<br /> -Flowers in spikes or heads.—Species 3. West Africa. (<i>Physacanthus</i><br /> -Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Haselhoffia</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Filaments united in pairs at the base, decurrent in the form of two ridges.<br /> -Anthers with both halves fertile. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Staminal ridges confluent. Anthers not tailed.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Staminal ridges separate.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -34. Corolla long funnel-shaped. Flowers in loose panicles.—Species 1.<br /> -Island of St. Thomas. (Under <i>Paulowilhelmia</i> Hochst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteradelphia</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Corolla tubular. Flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences.—Species<br /> -5. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hemigraphis</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -35. Anther-halves of the anterior stamens, at least one of them, tailed at the -base. Calyx-segments subequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short -and wide tube. Flowers in panicles.—Species 15. Tropics. (Including<br /> -<i>Epiclastopelma</i> Lindau)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mimulopsis</b> Schweinf.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves without an appendage at the base, rarely (<i>Ruelliopsis</i>) -all tailed, and then calyx-segments unequal and flowers solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -36. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovules 3-4 in each ovary-cell. Disc cup-shaped, -toothed. Anthers exserted. Corolla red. Flowers solitary. Leaves -crowded at the end of the branches. Glabrous shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Camarotea</b> Elliot<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_507">{507}</a></span>Stigma entire or provided with a small tooth.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences. Calyx-segments usually -very unequal. Bracteoles very small.—Species 9. Central Africa.<br /> -(<i>Dischistocalyx</i> T. Anders.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Distichocalyx</b> T. Anders.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in neither spike- nor head-like cymes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Leaves one-sided (with unequal halves) and usually very unequal in size, -entire. Flowers solitary. Bracteoles very small. Calyx-segments -subequal, very long. Corolla red or blue, with a long cylindrical tube.<br /> -Anthers included.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Endosiphon</b> T. Anders.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves equal-sided or nearly so, about equal in size.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Pollen-grains with many longitudinal ribs. Anthers usually tailed. Calyx-segments -unequal. Corolla funnel-shaped. Flowers solitary. Bracteoles -small. Leaves linear, entire. Shrubs.—Species 3. East and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruelliopsis</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-grains netted or pitted. Anthers not tailed.—Species 30. Tropical -and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Dipteracanthus</i> Nees).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruellia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -40. (9.) Corolla with imbricate, not ascending aestivation, 2-lipped or nearly -regular. Filaments free. Anthers, at least those of the anterior -stamens, 2-celled. Ovules 1-2 in each cell, rarely (<i>Crabbea</i>) 3-4.<br /> -Fruit not distinctly contracted into a stalk. [Tribe BARLERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, ascending aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -41. Calyx 4-parted, one of the segments sometimes shortly toothed. Stamens<br /> -2, more rarely 4, exserted. Disc cup-shaped. Stigma-lobes 2, subequal, -sometimes nearly confluent. Flowers in cymes, spikes, racemes, or -heads.—Species 120. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some -are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Somalia</i> Oliv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Barleria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 2- or 5-parted. Stamens 4, included. Disc ring-shaped or indistinct.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Calyx 2-lipped or 2-parted. Corolla folded in the bud, nearly regular, with -short triangular lobes. Anthers of the posterior stamens 1-celled.<br /> -Disc indistinct. Stigma entire. Inflorescence spike- or head-like.—Species<br /> -12. Tropics. (Including <i>Leucobarleria</i> Lindau).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neuracanthus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted. Corolla not folded. Anthers 2-celled, rarely those -of the posterior stamens 1-celled, but then corolla 2-lipped. Disc -ring-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -43. Flowers surrounded by 4 united bracts, solitary, with narrow bracteoles.<br /> -Corolla-lobes spreading, pink. Anthers 2-celled.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -(<i>Periblema</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Boutonia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers not surrounded by united bracts, solitary but without bracteoles, -or in spike- or head-like inflorescences. Corolla two-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Bracteoles surrounding the flowers 4, large, exceeding the calyx. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_508">{508}</a></span>in head-like cymes, very small, stalked, intermixed with bracts. Corolla -white. Anthers with equal halves. Ovary hairy above. Ovules 2 in -each cell. Stigma unequally 2-lobed.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Warpuria</b> Stapf<br /> -<br /> -Bracteoles minute or absent.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Flowers solitary, axillary. Stamens approximate in pairs. Anthers all<br /> -2-celled. Stigma with two almost equal lobes.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glossochilus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spike- or head-like inflorescences. Stigma entire or very -unequally 2-lobed, rarely almost equally 2-lobed, but then anthers -partly 1-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -46. Stamens approximate in pairs. Anther-halves unappendaged, inserted -nearly at the same level. Calyx-teeth pointed. Ovary and style -glabrous. Ovules 2-4 in each ovary-cell. Fruit narrow-oblong,<br /> -4-8-seeded. Inflorescence capitate.—Species 10. South and Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crabbea</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens not approximate in pairs. Anthers all with one half inserted -lower than the other, or the posterior with one half only developed.<br /> -Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. Fruit 2-4-seeded.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Anterior calyx-segments united halfway up. Corolla violet. Anthers -of the anterior stamens with unappendaged halves inserted at the same -level; those of the posterior stamens with one half only developed.<br /> -Stigma with 2 minute, subequal lobes. Flowers in few-flowered spikes.—Species<br /> -1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lindauea</b> Rendle<br /> -<br /> -Anterior calyx-segments nearly free. Anthers of all or only the anterior -stamens with one half inserted lower than the other. Stigma entire.—Species<br /> -30. Central Africa. (Including <i>Volkensiophyton</i> Lindau).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepidagathis</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -48. (40.) Corolla 1-lipped, 3-5-lobed; in place of the upper lip a slit.<br /> -Stamens 4. Anthers 1-celled. Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. Flowers -in spikes. [Tribe ACANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -Corolla 2-lipped or nearly regular.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -49. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla white or blue, rarely yellow; tube short. Leaves -usually prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -50. Corolla-tube of moderate length. Sepals free. Filaments very short.<br /> -Bracts small; bracteoles much larger. Leaves undivided.—Species 1.<br /> -Equatorial East Africa (Uganda).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crossandrella</b> C. B. Clarke<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube very short. Bracts large, imbricate, usually prickly; bracteoles -small and narrow or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -51. Anterior filaments with a process near the top. Ovary with two glandular -pits at the apex. Stigma-lobes 2, equal. Corolla-tube nearly globular.<br /> -Fruit more or less contracted at the base. Seeds hairy.—Species 60.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used as vegetables or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_509">{509}</a></span>in medicine; others are noxious weeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blepharis</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Anterior filaments without an apical process. Ovary without glandular -pits at the top. Corolla-tube short-cylindrical. Fruit not or scarcely -contracted at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -52. Stigma with 2 almost equal lobes. Disc oblique. Seeds 3-4, glabrous.<br /> -Spikes stalked.—Species 15. Some of them are used as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma with very unequal lobes or entire. Disc indistinct. Seeds bristly, -usually 2. Spikes sessile. Bracts ending in 3-5 spines.—Species 7.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthopsis</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -53. Calyx-segments unequal, the posterior much broader than the anterior,<br /> -2-nerved, often toothed. Corolla red or yellow; tube very long.<br /> -Anthers included. Seeds hairy. Bracteoles usually as long as the -calyx.—Species 17. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crossandra</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments subequal, the posterior as broad as or a little broader than -the anterior, one-nerved, rarely many-nerved and then sometimes -toothed. Anthers more or less exserted. Seeds not hairy. Bracteoles -shorter than the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -54. Corolla-tube long. Anthers blunt. Disc thick. Fruit not contracted -at the base.—Species 8. Tropics. (Including <i>Butayea</i> De Wild, and<br /> -<i>Pleuroblepharis</i> Baill., under <i>Sclerochiton</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudoblepharis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube short. Anthers pointed. Disc small. Fruit slightly contracted -at the base.—Species 4. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerochiton</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -55. (48.) Corolla nearly regular, often obscurely two-lipped. Ovules 2 in -each ovary-cell. Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -Corolla distinctly 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -56. Fertile stamens 2. Staminodes usually present. Calyx 5-parted. [Tribe<br /> -PSEUDERANTHEMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 4.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -57. Anthers 1-celled. Calyx-segments subulate. Corolla-tube cylindrical, -not widened above. Seeds 1-2, nearly smooth. Shrubs. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruspolia</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. Seeds 4, rarely fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -58. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped, much widened above. Seeds nearly smooth.<br /> -Flowers in racemes, white. Shrubs.—Species 1. Natal. Used as an -ornamental plant. (Under <i>Asystasia</i> Blume).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mackaya</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube cylindrical, scarcely widened above. Seeds wrinkled.—Species<br /> -12. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Under<br /> -<i>Eranthemum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseuderanthemum</b> Radlk.<br /> -<br /> -59. Anthers 1-celled, cohering. Fruit not contracted into a stalk. Flowers in -spikes.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenandriopsis</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. Fruit contracted at the base into a long stalk. [Tribe<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_510">{510}</a></span>ASYSTASIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Calyx 5-lobed, with broad segments. Sterile stamen present. Stigma-lobes -unequal. Shrubs. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles none.—Species<br /> -4. West Africa. (<i>Scytanthus</i> T. Anders.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thomandersia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-parted, with narrow segments. Sterile stamen absent. Stigma-lobes -subequal. Seeds 4. Bracteoles present.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -61. Anther-halves of the longer stamens elliptical, one inserted much lower -than the other; those of the shorter stamens suborbicular and divergent.<br /> -Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Filetia</b> Miq.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves oblong, nearly parallel and inserted at about the same -level.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -62. Disc laterally 2-lobed. Bracts long. Flowers in spikes.—Species 2.<br /> -East Africa. (Under <i>Asystasia</i> Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parasystasia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Disc not 2-lobed. Bracts short.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -63. Pollen-grains prickly, not striped. Anther-halves shortly spurred at the -base. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asystasiella</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Pollen-grain striped, not prickly.—Species 20. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some of them are used as vegetables or as ornamental or -medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asystasia</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -64. (55.) Ovules 3-6 in each ovary-cell. Fertile stamens 2, staminodes none.<br /> -Anthers 2-celled. Herbs. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Naturalized -in the Mascarene Islands. Used medicinally. [Tribe ANDROGRAPHIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Andrographis</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. [Tribes GRAPTOPHYLLEAE, ODONTONEMEAE,<br /> -ISOGLOSSEAE, and JUSTICIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -65. Fertile stamens 4. Anthers 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -Fertile stamens 2.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -66. Corolla-tube long, cylindrical. Anther-halves pointed at the base. Leaves -ovate or elliptical. Flowers in terminal cymes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube rather short and wide. Leaves oblong or lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -67. Stigma entire. Stamens inserted a little below the throat of the corolla.<br /> -Bracteoles small.—Species 1. Central Africa. (<i>Styasasia</i> S. Moore, -under <i>Asystasia</i> Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isochoriste</b> Miq.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma 2-lobed. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Bracteoles large.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Forcipella</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -68. Anther-halves blunt at the base. Stamens inserted at the throat of the -corolla. Posterior stigma-lobe tubercle-shaped. Calyx-segments unequal.<br /> -Seeds oblong. Flowers crowded in the axils of the leaves.<br /> -Bracts and bracteoles narrow, clothed with red hairs.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synchoriste</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves pointed at the base. Bracts and bracteoles broad.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -69. Inflorescences axillary, cymose, borne on a long stalk. Bracts incised.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_511">{511}</a></span>1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Podorungia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences terminal, racemose, the lower flowers solitary in the leaf-axils.<br /> -Pedicels 4-winged. Seeds 2, roundish.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlamydacanthus</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -70. (65.) Staminodes 2. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. Bracts and -bracteoles small.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes none, rarely (<i>Duvernoya</i>) solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -71. Anthers projecting far beyond the corolla-tube; halves at equal heights, -pointed at the base. Calyx short. Corolla red; tube long, funnel-shaped.<br /> -Shrubs. Flowers panicled.—Species 1. Naturalized in<br /> -West Africa. An ornamental and medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Graptophyllum</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Anthers slightly projecting, with one half only developed.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -72. Anthers pointed. Corolla red; tube short and wide. Flowers in cymes -or panicles.—Species 5. East and South Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruttya</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers blunt. Corolla yellow; tube long, ventricose. Flowers solitary -or in cymes. Shrubs.—Species 4. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ballochia</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -73. Anthers 1-celled, blunt.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -Anthers 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -74. Stigma entire.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -Stigma 2-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -75. Flowers in cymes surrounded by united bracts and collected in heads or -fascicles. Bracteoles exceeding the calyx. Calyx scarious. Woolly -shrubs.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiocladus</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes or panicles, with free bracts. Corolla-tube very long and -narrow.—Species 9. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachystephanus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -76. Corolla-tube very short, bell-shaped. Stamens inserted in the lower part -of it. Fruit contracted into a long stalk. Flowers in panicles.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oreacanthus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube not very short, cylindrical or funnel-shaped. Stamens -inserted in its upper part or at the throat.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Flowers in spikes. Bracteoles equalling the calyx. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Fruit contracted into a long stalk.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monothecium</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in cymes, heads, or panicles. Bracts usually united. Bracteoles -exceeding the calyx. Calyx scarious. Fruit contracted into a short -stalk or not contracted.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Calyx deeply two-lipped, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Fruit without a stalk. Flowers panicled.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphiestes</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Calyx regular or nearly so, 4-5-lobed or -parted.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -79. Calyx 4-parted. Flowers in umbellately arranged cymes.—Species 2.<br /> -Madagascar and Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Periestes</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-lobed to 5-parted.—Species 70. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_512">{512}</a></span>Some are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypoëstes</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -80. (73.) Anther-halves inserted at unequal heights.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves inserted at the same level, unappendaged at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -81. Anther-halves, both or the lower one, prolonged at the base into a spur- or -tail-like appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves blunt or pointed, sometimes bearing a short mucro, but -neither spurred nor tailed.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -82. Corolla-tube barrel-shaped, widened from the base; lips short. Calyx-segments -very long and narrow. Stamens inserted in the middle of the -corolla-tube. Upper anther-half without a spur. Disc cup-shaped.<br /> -Fruit contracted into a long stalk. Shrubs. Flowers panicled, red.<br /> -Bracts and bracteoles small.—Species 2. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichocalyx</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube cylindrical or narrowly funnel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -83. Corolla-tube very long, much longer than the limb. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the axils of the leaves.<br /> -Bracts narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube short or rather short.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -84. Corolla very large, red. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Leaves lanceolate.—Species 1. South-east Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Siphonoglossa</i> Oerst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aulojusticia</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Corolla medium-sized. Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Leaves elliptical to orbicular.—Species 3. South and East<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Justicia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Siphonoglossa</b> Oerst.<br /> -<br /> -85. Disc cup-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Pollen-grains -with several longitudinal rows of tubercles sometimes replaced -by patches. Partition of the fruit not separating from the valves at -maturity.—Species 160. Tropical and South Africa and Canary<br /> -Islands. Some of the species are used as ornamental, medicinal, or -dye-plants. (Including <i>Adhatoda</i> Nees, <i>Dianthera</i> L., <i>Gendarussa</i> Nees,<br /> -<i>Monechma</i> Hochst., and <i>Rhytiglossa</i> Nees). (Plate 142.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Justicia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Disc ring-shaped. Pollen-grains usually without tubercles.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Calyx-segments 4.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments 5.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -87. Flowers in spikes arranged in false umbels at the ends of the branches.<br /> -Fruit contracted into a short stalk. Shrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corymbostachys</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary spikes. Fruit contracted into a rather long stalk.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 5. Madagascar and West Africa. (Under <i>Justicia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisostachya</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -88. Flowers in panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in spikes.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -89. Stem woody, shrubby. Inflorescences scantily branched. Bracts very -narrow. Corolla blue. Anther-halves both spurred. Fruit contracted -into a short stalk.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_513">{513}</a></span>(Under <i>Justicia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Salviacanthus</b> Lindau<br /> -Stem herbaceous. Inflorescences abundantly branched. Bracts broad.<br /> -Lower anther-half spurred, the upper not. Fruit contracted into a long -stalk.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. (Under <i>Justicia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphidospora</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -90. Stem woody, shrubby. Calyx 5-cleft, scarious. Corolla large, red.—Species<br /> -4. East Africa and Madagascar. (Under <i>Macrorungia</i> C. B.<br /> -Clarke)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Symplectochilus</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Calyx membranous. Partition -of the fruit separating from the valves at maturity. Flowers small.<br /> -Bracts broad, in 4 ranks, whereof two enclose no flowers. Bracteoles -large.—Species 9. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rungia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Partition of the -fruit not separating from the valves.—Species 10. Central Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants. (Under Justicia L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nicoteba</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -92. (81.) Corolla-tube bell- or funnel-shaped, wide throughout or much widened -above.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube cylindrical, narrow and not or slightly widened above.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -93. Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Corolla-tube somewhat -shorter than the limb. Pollen-grains ovoid, with several rows -of patches. Disc lobed. Fruit oblong or club-shaped. Flowers in -spikes or panicles.—Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Adhatoda</i> Nees or <i>Justicia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Duvernoya</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-halves inserted at very unequal heights, more rarely at slightly -unequal ones, but then corolla-tube as long as or longer than the limb.<br /> -Pollen-grains more or less globose, nearly smooth. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -94. Flowers in cymes. Corolla-tube long. Stamens inserted at its middle.<br /> -Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Stigma 2-lobed.<br /> -Fruit oblong, without a distinct stalk. Seeds 2 fertile and 2 sterile.<br /> -Leaves sessile, lanceolate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melittacanthus</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in racemes or panicles. Fruit contracted into a stalk.—Species<br /> -40. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isoglossa</b> Oerst.<br /> -<br /> -95. Corolla-tube short, much shorter than the lips. Anther-halves inserted at -slightly unequal heights. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long or rather long; upper lip entire or shortly toothed.<br /> -Disc cup-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -96. Upper lip of the corolla deeply cleft. Anther-halves pointed. Disc cup-shaped.<br /> -Leaves broad, unequal-sided. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Populina</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Upper lip of the corolla entire or shortly toothed. Disc ring-shaped.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_514">{514}</a></span>Flowers in spikes or fascicles.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -97. Bracts very small, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments nearly free,<br /> -3-nerved. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Partition -of the fruit not separating from the valves. Species 5. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisotes</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Bracts large, as long as or longer than the calyx. Stamens inserted in -the corolla-tube. Partition of the fruit separating from the valves at -maturity.—Species 5. Tropical Africa to Transvaal. (<i>Macrorungia</i><br /> -C. B. Clarke).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Himantochilus</b> T. Anders.<br /> -<br /> -98. Bracts small. Anther-halves inserted at slightly unequal heights. Fruit -oblong, narrowed into a long stalk. Shrubs, usually climbing. Flowers -in panicles.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhinacanthus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Bracts large. Fruit narrowed into a short stalk. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -99. Bracts not opposite in pairs. Corolla small. Anther-halves inserted at -slightly unequal heights. Pollen-grains globose, with 6 pores and -several longitudinal rows of raised dots. Species 3. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlamydocardia</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -Bracts opposite in pairs and usually united at the base, enclosing 1-2 -flowers. Pollen-grains ovoid, smooth, with 3 pores and 3 bands.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -100. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Fruit oblong; partition -not separating from the valves.—Species 10. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peristrophe</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Fruit ovate; partition separating -from the valves at maturity.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Diapedium</i> Koenig).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicliptera</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -101. (80.) Corolla-tube much widened above, long, curved; lower lip rolled -in. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Shrubs. Flowers -in long terminal spikes or racemes, reddish-yellow. Bracts and bracteoles -very small.—Species 1. Island of Socotra. (<i>Ancalanthus</i> Balf. -fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Angkalanthus</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube not or slightly widened above. Stamens inserted in the -corolla-tube. Bracts not very small.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -102. Corolla-tube rather short, about equalling the limb. Seeds usually 2.<br /> -Inflorescence spike-like. Bracts large. Bracteoles small or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long. Fruit contracted into a long stalk.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -103. Flowers solitary in the axil of each bract. Bracteoles linear. Fruit -subglobose, contracted into a short stalk.—Species 5. Central Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Ecbolium</i> Kurz)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schwabea</b> Endl.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 2-3 in the axil of each bract. Bracteoles bristle-like or wanting.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 3. Central Africa. (Under <i>Dicliptera</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Megalochlamys</b> Lindau<br /> -<br /> -104. Bracts broad. Bracteoles long. Fruit flat. Seeds 2. Shrubs. Flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_515">{515}</a></span>in spikes.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ecbolium</b> Kurz<br /> -<br /> -Bracts narrow. Seeds 4.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -105. Flowers in one-sided spikes. Bracts small. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in the Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisacanthus</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles. Bracts long. Herbs.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schaueria</b> Nees<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER MYOPORINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_217">FAMILY 217.</a> MYOPORACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones, undivided, without -stipules. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils, without -bracteoles, regular or nearly so, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, united at the -base, imbricate or open in the bud. Petals 5, united below, white, -imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla tube, in two -pairs of slightly unequal length. Anthers 2-celled, the cells confluent -at the top, opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, -2-4-celled. Ovules 1-6 in each cell, pendulous from the apex of the -partition, inverted, with a thick funicle. Style simple; stigma entire -or 2-4-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous; radicle of the embryo -superior.—Genera 3, species 4. Southern and tropical Africa.</p> - -<p> -1. Corolla salver-shaped. Ovary 2-celled. Ovules in each cell 4-6, in -pairs placed one above the other. Stigma oblong, oblique. Fruit -with a 1-2-celled stone.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oftia</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla bell-shaped. Ovules in each ovary-cell solitary or two side by -side.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Calyx-segments linear. Corolla slightly irregular. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma -capitate. Fruit with 4 stones.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zombiana</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments lanceolate. Corolla regular. Fruit with a 2-4-celled -stone.—Species 1. Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myoporum</b> Banks & Sol.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER PLANTAGINALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_218">FAMILY 218.</a> PLANTAGINACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs; in the latter case leaves opposite. -Leaves sessile, entire toothed lobed or pinnately cleft, without -stipules. Flowers solitary or in spikes or heads, with broad bracts, -without bracteoles, small, regular, 4-merous. Calyx of united sepals. -Corolla scarious, of united petals, with imbricate aestivation, -sometimes 2-toothed. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla and -alternating with its lobes. Filaments long, bent inwards in the bud. -Anthers large, versatile, opening by two longitudinal slits. Ovary -superior, 2-4-celled, sometimes one cell only fertile. Ovules axile, -half-inverted. Style simple; stigma entire, filiform. Fruit dry, opening -by a lid or remaining closed. Seeds with a fleshy albumen; embryo -straight or nearly so.—Genera 2, species 40. (Plate 143.)<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_516">{516}</a></span></p> - -<p> -Flowers monoecious, the male solitary, the female at their base, solitary -or several together; the latter with a bag-shaped, 2-4-toothed corolla.<br /> -Ovule 1. Fruit indehiscent, 1-seeded.—Species 1. Azores.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Litorella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in 2- or more-flowered spikes -or heads, all with a 4-lobed corolla. Ovules 2 or more. Fruit dehiscent,<br /> -2- or more-seeded.—Species 40. Some of them yield food for cattle -and birds, vegetables, medicaments, soda, and a mucilage. “Plantain.”<br /> -(Plate 143.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plantago</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER RUBIALES</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_219">FAMILY 219.</a> RUBIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves opposite or whorled, entire, provided with sometimes leaf-like -stipules. Flowers regular or nearly so, but sometimes with a curved -corolla-tube. Petals united below. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, -inserted on the corolla, free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal -slits, rarely (<i>Argostema</i>) by 1-2 apical pores. Ovary inferior, rarely -(<i>Gaertnera</i>) superior, usually 2-or more-celled. Ovules inverted. Style -1, or several styles united at the base.—Genera 150, species 1900. -(Plate 144.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily <b>COFFEOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Ovules two or more in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily <b>CINCHONOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovules pendulous or descending; micropyle superior. Radicle of the -embryo superior.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -Ovules ascending; micropyle inferior. Radicle of the embryo inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -3. Corolla with imbricate, sometimes contorted aestivation. Shrubs or -trees.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -4. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Ovary 2-celled. Seeds with copious -albumen. Flowers in fascicles or panicles, rarely solitary. [Tribe<br /> -ALBERTEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -5. Corolla curved, tubular, hairy within. Calyx 5-partite; 1-4 of the -segments much enlarged after flowering. Anthers hairy. Style much -exserted. Flowers in terminal panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -Corolla straight. Calyx-segments not enlarged, rarely all enlarged after -flowering.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx with 1 enlarged segment. Corolla hairy at the base and at the -throat. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anthers -bearded at the base. Style-apex 2-cleft.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nematostylis</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with 2-4 enlarged segments. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube.<br /> -Style-apex entire.—Species 5. Madagascar and Natal. (<i>Ernestimeyera</i><br /> -O. Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alberta</b> E. Mey.<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_143" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_143.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_143.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>PLANTAGINACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 143.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Plantago palmata Hook. fil.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Plant in flower. <i>B</i> Flower with a bracteole (without the anthers). -<i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_144" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_144.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_144.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>RUBIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 144.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Pavetta lasiorrhachis K. Schum.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise (two corolla-lobes cut -off). <i>C</i> Anther. <i>D</i> Cross-section of ovary. <i>E</i> Group of fruits. <i>F</i> -Fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_517">{517}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -7. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Calyx-segments enlarged in the fruit.<br /> -Corolla glabrous at the throat. Anthers included. Style long, glabrous, -two-cleft at the apex.—Species 6. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psilanthus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in fascicles or panicles. Calyx-segments not enlarged in the -fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Flowers in terminal panicles. Corolla hairy at the throat. Anthers -exserted. Style downy above. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary fascicles or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Calyx shortly lobed. Corolla white, funnel-shaped, 6-7-cleft. Style-apex<br /> -2-cleft.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lamprothamnus</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply divided. Corolla yellow, salver-shaped, 4-cleft. Style-apex -entire.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Exechostylus</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -10. Style hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Style glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Calyx 4-toothed or truncate. Style-apex 2-cleft. Albumen of the seeds -ruminated. Bracteoles 4, one pair united into a cup.—Species 10.<br /> -Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polysphaeria</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Anthers exserted. Style-apex entire. Albumen -of the seeds uniform. Bracteoles free.—Species 13. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cremaspora</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -12. Style short, with 2 long stigmas. Sepals free above the ovary. Corolla -salver-shaped, glabrous at the throat. Anthers included. Trees.<br /> -Flowers subtended by 2-3 pairs of bracteoles.—Species 1. Island -of St. Thomas.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Belonophora</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Style long, with 2 short stigmas or with a single stigma.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Style-apex 2-lobed. Corolla glabrous at the throat, but sometimes hairy -below.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Style-apex entire, spindle-shaped, 10-ribbed. Flowers 5-merous. Anthers -more or less exserted.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -14. Flowers 4-merous. Sepals free above the ovary. Corolla salver-shaped.<br /> -Anthers included. Flowers surrounded by 4 pairs of bracteoles.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Togoland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kerstingia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous. Sepals united above the ovary. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Anthers exserted.—Species 4. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aulacocalyx</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -15. Corolla bell-funnel-shaped, glabrous at the throat. Stipules very narrow.<br /> -Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heinsenia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla bell-wheel-shaped, hairy at the throat. Stipules broad.—Species<br /> -3. East and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhabdostigma</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -16. (4.) Flowers in heads. Calyx 4-toothed. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit separating -into two leathery nutlets. Seeds with a thick aril and copious<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_518">{518}</a></span>albumen.—Species 3. West Africa, Madagascar, Natal.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalanthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in forked cymes. Ovules with a thickened funicle. Fruit a -drupe. Seeds with scanty albumen or without albumen. [Tribe<br /> -GUETTARDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Calyx deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers included. Ovary 4-9-celled.<br /> -Fruit globose; cells of the stone curved.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used as an ornamental -plant and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guettarda</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Calyx persistent. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers somewhat exserted.<br /> -Ovary 2-8-celled. Fruit oblong.—Species 5. Madagascar and -neighbouring islands. They yield timber and medicaments. (Under<br /> -Guettarda Blume).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antirrhoea</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -18. (3.) Flowers in terminal or terminal and lateral heads. Ovary 1-2-celled.<br /> -Fruit dry, of 1-2 nutlets. Herbs. Stipules united. [Tribe KNOXIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in lateral cymes, fascicles, or panicles. Ovary 2-many-celled.<br /> -Fruit fleshy, drupe-like. Shrubs or trees, rarely (<i>Pachystigma</i>) herbs, -but then ovary 3-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -19. Ovary 1-celled. Sepals 1-2. Corolla bluish, funnel-shaped, 5-lobed.<br /> -Anthers included. Leaves whorled. Flowers connate in pairs, without -bracteoles. Stipules undivided.—Species 1. Southern West Africa<br /> -(Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calanda</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Leaves opposite. Stipules lacerated or bristle-like.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Calyx with awl-shaped, not enlarged segments. Corolla violet, salver-shaped, -with 4 lobes bearded at the apex. Anthers exserted. Disc -tubular. Stigma 2-lobed. Mericarps dehiscing lengthwise.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paragophyton</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with some of the segments enlarged and leaf-like. Corolla with long -hairs at the throat. Mericarps dehiscing transversely or indehiscent.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -21. Mericarps separating from a central column, dehiscing transversely.<br /> -Calyx-segments 4, one of them enlarged. Corolla-lobes 4. Anthers -included. Stigma 2-lobed. Heads in panicles.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa (Togo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Baumannia</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Mericarp without a central column, indehiscent.—Species 15. Tropical -and South Africa. (Including <i>Holocarpa</i> Bak.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentanisia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -22. Ovary-cells and fruit-stones 20-30. Flowers polygamous-dioecious,<br /> -4-merous. Corolla white or yellowish, glabrous within. Anthers -included or nearly so. Seeds with scanty albumen. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar and Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Timonius</b> Rumph.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells 2-10. Fruit-stones 1-10. Seeds with copious albumen.<br /> -[Tribe VANGUERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Stem herbaceous. Leaves whorled. Ovary 3-5-celled. Stigma lobed.—Species<br /> -20. Central and South-east Africa. (<i>Fadogia</i> Schweinf.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachystigma</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_519">{519}</a></span>Stem woody. Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Inflorescences fascicle-like or reduced to a single flower, surrounded by an -involucre of two bracts united at the base. Calyx truncate or shortly -toothed. Corolla hairy at the throat.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -25. Style deeply 4-5-cleft. Flowers in 6-12-flowered fascicles or heads.<br /> -Trees.—Species 1. Island of Rodrigues.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scyphochlamys</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Style simple, with a capitate stigma.—Species 10. Mascarene Islands -and Madagascar. They yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pyrostria</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -26. Corolla curved, tubular. Calyx-segments 5, narrow. Anthers sessile.<br /> -Ovary 5-celled. Stigma 5-lobed.—Species 6. Central Africa to<br /> -Delagoa Bay.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ancylanthus</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla straight. Stigma entire or 2-lobed.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -27. Ovary 2-celled. Flowers small. Calyx truncate or shortly toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 3-6-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -28. Stigma peltate, 2-toothed or 2-cleft. Corolla white, hairy at the throat.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves stiff-leathery. Stipules united at the base. Flowers -in clusters.—Species 10. Central Africa and Seychelles. Some -species yield dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craterispermum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Stigma capitate, entire.—Species 120. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some of them have edible fruits and are used in medicine. (<i>Canthium</i><br /> -Lam.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plectronia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -29. Flowers large, in many-flowered panicles, polygamous. Calyx deeply -divided, exceeding the corolla. Anthers exserted. Ovules with a -broadened funicle. Stigma hemispherical or mushroom-shaped.—Species<br /> -10. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cuviera</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers small. Stigma capitate, cylindrical, or truncate.—Species 70.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits or are used in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vangueria</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -30. (2.) Ovules inserted on the partitions of the ovary, but sometimes near -their base.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -Ovules inserted at the base of the ovary-cells. Corolla with valvate -aestivation. Stipules unlike the leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -31. Corolla with contorted aestivation. Fruit succulent. Shrubs or trees.<br /> -Stipules small. Flowers solitary or in cymes. [Tribe IXOREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -32. Ovules attached to placentas arising near the base of the partition of the -ovary. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma spindle-shaped. Corolla glabrous -at the throat. Flowers 5-merous, in head-like cymes. Seeds with -ruminated albumen. Climbing shrubs.—Species 20. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rutidea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached to placentas arising near the middle of the partition.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -33. Corolla with a curved tube, 5-7-lobed. Calyx-teeth indistinct. Anthers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_520">{520}</a></span>included. Ovary 2-celled. Style with two unequal stigmas. Flowers -terminal, solitary or in groups of 3, surrounded by an involucre. Trees.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleurocoffea</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a straight tube.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -34. Flowers with an epicalyx. Style 2-6-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without an epicalyx, hermaphrodite. Style 2-cleft or simple.<br /> -Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -35. Flowers in terminal corymbs, 4-merous polygamous. Epicalyx 2-partite.<br /> -Corolla glabrous at the throat. Fruit globose.—Species 5. Mascarene<br /> -Islands. They yield timber, and are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Myonima</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary fascicles, 5-8-merous, hermaphrodite. Ovary 2-celled.—Species<br /> -50. Tropics; one species also cultivated in Madeira.<br /> -Several species (especially <i>C. arabica</i> L. and <i>C. liberica</i> L.) yield coffee, -oil, medicaments, a substitute for tea, and timber; some are used as -ornamental plants. (Including <i>Solenixora</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coffea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -36. Calyx entire. Corolla-tube short, glabrous at the mouth. Stamens 5.<br /> -Style-branches 2, linear, ending in a cone. Shrubs. Stipules united.<br /> -Flowers in axillary, few-flowered cymes.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -(<i>Buseria</i> Dur.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leiochilus</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx toothed. Corolla-tube long. Stamens 4, rarely 5. Flowers in -usually terminal and many-flowered cymose corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Bracts at the base of the lowest branches of the inflorescence connate -into a sheath. Style-apex entire or shortly 2-toothed.—Species 120.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. Some have edible fruits or serve as ornamental -or medicinal plants. (Plate 144.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pavetta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Bracts at the base of the branches of the inflorescence not connate into<br /> -a sheath. Style-apex 2-cleft. Leaves leathery. Stipules not united.—Species<br /> -60. Tropics. Some are used as ornamental plants or in -medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ixora</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -38. (31.) Stem woody. Stipules small, undivided, combined into a sheath.<br /> -Flowers in heads, connate by their ovaries. Calyx truncate or with -small teeth. Ovary 4-celled. Ovules inserted in the inner angle near -the base. Style 2-cleft. Fruit formed of connate drupes.—Species<br /> -6. Tropics. They yield timber, dyes, mucilage, condiments, and -medicaments. [Tribe MORINDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Morinda</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous or woody at the base, rarely (Gaillonia) throughout, but -then flowers solitary or in cymes or spikes. Stipules more or less -lacerated or leaf-like. Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -39. Stipules similar to the leaves; hence leaves apparently whorled. Style<br /> -2-cleft or 2-parted, with head- or club-shaped stigmas. Fruit indehiscent; -seed adnate to the pericarp. [Tribe GALIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -Stipules unlike the leaves, toothed, slashed or crowned by bristles, united -at the base. Ovules inserted near the middle of the partitions of the -ovary. [Tribe SPERMACOCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -40. Corolla funnel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_521">{521}</a></span>Corolla wheel- or bell-shaped. Calyx-limb indistinct or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -41. Calyx-limb distinctly developed, 4-6-cleft. Corolla pink or lilac. Stamens<br /> -4. Flowers in heads. Stem prostrate.—Species 1. North Africa.<br /> -Yields a dye-stuff.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sherardia</b> Dill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-limb indistinct or wanting, rarely of 4 free minute teeth.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Flowers in spikes. Corolla-lobes with an inflexed appendage. Stamens<br /> -4-5. Ovules attached at the base of the partition of the ovary.—Species<br /> -7. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crucianella</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in sometimes head-like cymes. Stamens 4. Ovules attached -near the middle of the partition.—Species 5. North-west Africa.<br /> -They (especially <i>A. odorata</i> L., woodruff) yield dyes, vermin-poison, -condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asperula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -43. Flowers subtended by a large involucral bract, in few-flowered, axillary -cymes. Stamens 3-4. Ovary with a fertile and a sterile cell.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callipeltis</b> Stev.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers without an involucral bract.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Pedicels connate in threes, thick, spinous, enclosing the fruit. Flowers -axillary, polygamous-monoecious. Corolla 3-lobed in the male flowers,<br /> -4-lobed in the female and hermaphrodite. Fruit dry, one-seeded.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa and northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vaillantia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pedicels not connate and either not spinous or not enclosing the fruit.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Fruit fleshy. Stamens 5, rarely 4.—Species 10. Some of them yield -dyes and medicaments. “Madder.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rubia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dry. Stamens 4, rarely 3.—Species 60. Some of them yield -dyes, condiments, or medicaments. (Including <i>Aspera</i> Moench)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galium</b> Tourn.<br /> -<br /> -46. (39.) Ovary 3-celled. Style 3-cleft. Fruit separating into 3 nutlets.<br /> -Calyx-limb 5-6-partite. Corolla-lobes 4-5. Flowers in terminal -heads.—Species 1. Naturalized in East and South Africa. Used in -medicine. (<i>Richardia</i> Bartl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Richardsonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Fruit indehiscent, not separating into mericarps. Flowers solitary or -three together in the axils of the leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscent or separating into mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -48. Pericarp corky. Flowers rather large. Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla broadly -funnel-shaped, 4-lobed, hairy at the throat.—Species 2. South Africa -and Madagascar. They yield dye-stuffs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hydrophylax</b> L. f.<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp bony. Flowers small. Calyx-lobes 7-8. Corolla salver-shaped,<br /> -5-lobed. Style 2-cleft.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gomphocalyx</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -49. Fruit separating into indehiscent mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dehiscent. Inflorescences head-like.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -50. Pericarp very thin, adnate to the seed. Low shrubs. Leaves linear -or subulate, stiff. Flowers solitary or in cymes or spikes.—Species 6.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_522">{522}</a></span>North Africa and northern Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gaillonia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Pericarp thick or rather thick, not adnate to the seed. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -12. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diodia</b> Gronov.<br /> -<br /> -51. Fruit opening by a lid. Calyx-lobes 4.—Species 2. Central and South<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mitracarpus</b> Zucc.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -52. Fruit splitting upwards from the base, remaining entire at the apex. Calyx-lobes<br /> -4. Corolla long funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted on the limb -of the corolla. Style-apex capitate, shortly 2-lobed.—Species 2. East<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Spermacoce</i> Dill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypodematium</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit splitting downwards from the apex, remaining entire at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -53. Fruit with only one valve opening, the other remaining attached to the -partition. Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Stamens -inserted at the base of the corolla-tube.—Species 1. Comoro Islands.<br /> -(<i>Spermacoceoides</i> O. Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spermacoce</b> Dill.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with both valves opening and splitting at the apex.—Species 45.<br /> -Tropical and South-east Africa. Some are used medicinally. (<i>Tardavel</i><br /> -Adans., including <i>Octodon</i> Thonn., under <i>Spermacoce</i> Dill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Borreria</b> G. W. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -54. (30.) Stamens inserted at the base or on the lower part of the corolla-tube; -filaments long; anthers versatile. Flowers usually unisexual. Seeds -with fleshy albumen. Leaves having a bad smell when rubbed. [Tribe<br /> -ANTHOSPERMEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the mouth or on the upper part of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Flowers usually hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -55. Style and stigma entire. Flowers solitary, axillary, 5-merous, polygamous.<br /> -Fruit a nut or separating into two nutlets.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carpacoce</b> Sond.<br /> -<br /> -Style 2-cleft or 2-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -56. Style shortly 2-cleft. Flowers axillary, hermaphrodite. Corolla-lobes<br /> -3-lobed. Anthers included. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. A medicinal and ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Serissa</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Style deeply 2-parted. Anthers exserted.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -57. Ovary and fruit with empty cavities between the two fertile cells; hence -apparently 3-5-celled. Fruit separating into nutlets. Flowers axillary, -dioecious.—Species 6. South Africa. (<i>Ambraria</i> Cruse).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nenax</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary and fruit 2-celled without conspicuous empty cavities.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -58. Stem herbaceous, prostrate. Flowers axillary. Corolla-lobes erect. Fruit<br /> -a drupe.—Species 2. Island of Tristan da Cunha. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nertera</b> Banks & Sol.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, at least at the base. Fruit capsular or separating into -mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -59. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters, rarely in terminal panicles; in this -case undershrubs with entire stipules and dioecious, 4-merous flowers.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_523">{523}</a></span>35. Southern and tropical Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthospermum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal or terminal and lateral cymes or panicles. Undershrubs -with 3-6-parted stipules, or shrubs with undivided stipules -and monoecious flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Calyx 4-toothed. Fruit warty. Stipules 3-6-parted. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galopina</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-toothed in the male flowers, 2-toothed in the female. Flowers -polygamous-monoecious. Fruit smooth. Stipules entire. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. Madeira and Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phyllis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -61. (54.) Style deeply 2-parted. Fruit a capsule or a schizocarp. Leaves -fetid when rubbed.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -Style cleft, toothed, or entire. Fruit a drupe, rarely a berry or a schizocarp.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -62. Stem climbing, woody. Stipules entire. Flowers in terminal and lateral -cymes. Anthers included. Style-branches twisted. Fruit with a -fragile rind.—Species 10. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(Including <i>Lecontea</i> A. Rich. and <i>Siphomeris</i> Boj.) [Tribe PAEDERIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paederia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem erect or prostrate. Stipules toothed or slit, connate. Flowers in -terminal fascicles or spikes, rarely axillary, 5-merous. Anthers exserted.<br /> -Fruit separating into two nutlets.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -63. Flowers polygamous. Calyx-lobes nearly equal. Corolla-lobes recurved.<br /> -Ovary and style hairy. Shrubs. Stipules toothed. Flowers in -terminal, head-like fascicles.—Species 1. South Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Anthospermum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crocyllis</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-teeth very unequal, some of them leaf-like.<br /> -Corolla-lobes spreading. Ovary and style glabrous. Stipules -slit. Flowers axillary or in terminal spikes or heads.—Species 9.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Otiophora</b> Zucc.<br /> -<br /> -64. Fruit dry, separating into two mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -Fruit succulent, berry- or drupe-like.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -65. Filaments rather long. Mericarps without a carpophore. Flowers solitary.—Species<br /> -1. Seychelles.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neoschimpera</b> Hemsl.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments none. Mericarps suspended from a cleft carpophore. Flowers -in cymes.—Species 1. Comoro Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cremocarpus</b> Boiv.<br /> -<br /> -66. Seeds with fleshy albumen. Flowers hermaphrodite. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Ovary 2-3-celled. Style 2-3-toothed. Shrubs, having a -bad smell when rubbed. Flowers in terminal or terminal and lateral -cymes.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with horny albumen. Plants without a strong smell, rarely exhaling<br /> -a bad smell when rubbed; in this case inflorescences axillary and -style 4-12-cleft. [Tribe PSYCHOTRIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -67. Flowers in terminal fascicles, 4-merous. Corolla with a long tube and -spreading lobes, glabrous at the throat. Anthers distinctly exserted.<br /> -Style-apex thread-shaped, 2-cleft. Fruit a drupe.—Species 3. North-west<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_524">{524}</a></span>Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Putoria</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal and lateral cymes, 5-7-merous. Corolla with a rather -short tube and erect lobes, hairy at the throat. Anthers scarcely -exserted. Style-apex thickened, 2-3-lobed. Fruit a berry. Leaves -linear.—Species 1. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plocama</b> Ait.<br /> -<br /> -68. Ovary superior. Style 2-cleft at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted on the -corolla-tube. Anthers included. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal -panicles or heads.—Species 25. Tropics. Some yield timber or are -used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gaertnera</b> Lam.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary inferior.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -69. Flowers axillary, solitary or in usually few-flowered cymes or heads. Shrubs -or small trees.<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal or terminal and lateral, many-flowered inflorescences, -hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -70. Ovary-cells and style-branches or stigmas 2.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -Ovary-cells and style-branches or stigmas 4-12.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -71. Anthers exserted. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla hairy within above the base, -glabrous at the throat. Seeds with ruminated albumen. Flowers in -heads surrounded by an involucre.—Species 1. Equatorial West<br /> -Africa (Gaboon)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peripeplus</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Anthers included. Calyx 4-partite or nearly entire. Flowers solitary or -in glomerules.<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -72. Calyx with 4 segments alternating with small teeth. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Anthers with a short appendage at the apex. Flowers solitary,—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hymenocnemis</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx nearly entire. Corolla bell-shaped. Anthers unappendaged. Fruit -with a single stone. Flowers in clusters.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Saldinia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -73. Leaves at first decussate, subsequently spreading in one plane, with many -thin transverse veins. Stamens inserted at the throat or on the limb -of the corolla.—Species 15. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasianthus</b> Jack.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves always decussate, without conspicuous transverse veins. Stamens -inserted in the tube of the corolla. Flowers hermaphrodite.—Species<br /> -7. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psathura</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -74. Inflorescences capitate, surrounded by an involucre. Ovary-cells and -style-branches 2-4.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -75. Corolla with a curved tube, 6-lobed, white. Calyx irregularly lobed.<br /> -Ovary-cells and style-branches 3. Shrubs.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Megalopus</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with a straight tube.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Seeds grooved on the ventral face.—Species 18. Central Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Uragoga</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephaëlis</b> Swartz<br /> -<br /> -Seeds flat on the ventral face. Creeping herbs. Leaves long-stalked,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_525">{525}</a></span>heart- or kidney-shaped.—Species 13. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geophila</b> Don.<br /> -<br /> -77. Corolla-tube curved. Anthers included. Ovary-cells and style-branches<br /> -2. Seeds convex-concave. Shrubs or trees.—Species 20. Tropics.<br /> -(Under <i>Psychotria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chasalia</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube straight.<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -78. Fruit with a 5-7-celled stone. Ovary-cells and style-branches 5-7.<br /> -Corolla salver-shaped, hairy at the throat. Anthers half-exserted.<br /> -Shrubs or trees. Stipules 3-pointed. Flowers in corymbs.—Species<br /> -2. East Africa and Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triainolepis</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit with 2-5 stones. Ovary-cells and style-branches or stigma-lobes<br /> -2, rarely 3-5.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -79. Seeds flat on the ventral face. Calyx elongate. Corolla funnel-shaped, -hairy at the throat. Anthers included. Herbs. Inflorescences capitate.—Species<br /> -12. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichostachys</b> Benth. & Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds grooved on the ventral face.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -80 Seeds with a ruminate albumen. Corolla salver-shaped, hairy at the -throat. Anthers half-exserted. Shrubs.—Species 50. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Psychotria</i> L.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grumilea</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Seeds with a uniform albumen.—Species 200. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -(<i>Myrstiphyllum</i> P. Br., including <i>Uragoga</i> L. partly).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psychotria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -81. (1.) Corolla with imbricate, sometimes contorted aestivation. Shrubs or -trees.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with valvate aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>124<br /> -<br /> -82. Corolla with imbricate, not contorted aestivation. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Style simple. Inflorescences head-like. [Tribe NAUCLEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -Corolla with contorted aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -83. Ovaries of each head connate. Fruits fleshy, connate.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -Ovaries separate. Fruits dry, separate, opening by two valves or breaking -up into two mericarps.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -84. Inflorescences surrounded by two at first united involucral bracts.—Species<br /> -10. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Breonia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences without involucral bracts.—Species 3. Tropics. They -yield timber, edible fruits (negro-peaches), arrow-poison, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sarcocephalus</b> Afzel.<br /> -<br /> -85. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell. Calyx 4-toothed. Fruit separating -into two nutlets. (See 16.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalanthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 6 or more in each ovary-cell. Calyx 5-lobed or 5-parted.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -86. Ovules 6-8 in each ovary-cell. Flowers bracteolate, in glomerules collected -in heads. Stem erect.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paracephaëlis</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell. Flowers ebracteolate, in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -<br /> -87. Fruit separating into two 2-valved mericarps.—Species 2. Madagascar.<br /> -They yield timber, dye-stuffs, edible fruits, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nauclea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by two valves. Stem climbing by hooks.—Species 2.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_526">{526}</a></span>Tropics. (<i>Ourouparia</i> Aubl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Uncaria</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -88. (82.) Fruit opening by 4 valves, leathery. Corolla salver-shaped; tube -glabrous within. Style much exserted, 2-lobed at the top. Flowers -in panicles.—Species 2. Central Africa. They yield timber and -are used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crossopteryx</b> Fenzl<br /> -<br /> -Fruit bursting irregularly or remaining closed, usually berry-like. [Tribe<br /> -GARDENIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -89. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 2- or more-celled. Anthers -included or slightly exserted.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -Ovary completely 2-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -90. Ovary 1-celled throughout its whole length, but the placentas sometimes -much projecting and approximate in the centre. Style simple and -entire or two-toothed at the apex. Flowers 5-11-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled in its lower or upper half. Style 2-cleft. Flowers 4-5-merous, -axillary.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -91. Stipules glume-like, imbricate. Stem climbing. Flowers in terminal -cymes. Calyx 5-parted, with awl-shaped segments. Corolla salver-shaped, -glabrous within. Style very long. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit -globose.—Species 3. Central Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macrosphyra</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stipules not glume-like.—Species 45. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species yield timber, dyes, edible fruits, or medicaments, or serve as -ornamental plants. (Including <i>Genipa</i> L. partly.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gardenia</b> Ellis<br /> -<br /> -92. Calyx 4-parted, with an epicalyx. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens -inserted in the corolla-tube. Seed-coat leathery. Flowers solitary -or in pairs.—Species 4. Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fernelia</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx 5-toothed, without an epicalyx. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens -inserted at the throat of the corolla. Seed-coat fibrous. Flowers in -panicles.—Species 5. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pouchetia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -93. (89.) Ovary 2-3-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 4-5-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -94. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -95. Ovules attached to thick, fleshy placentas, and more or less sunk in them.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -Ovules attached to thin placentas, not sunk in them.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -96. Style entire or shortly toothed at the apex, far exserted. Flowers in -terminal corymbs.—Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. (<i>Chomelia</i><br /> -L., <i>Webera</i> Schreb., including <i>Coptosperma</i> Hook, fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tarenna</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Style more or less deeply cleft. Anthers exserted.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -97. Flowers in terminal and lateral panicles. Corolla salver-shaped. Placentas -ascending from the base of the ovary-cells.—Species 1. Madagascar.<br /> -Yields an essential oil used in perfumery and medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Santalina</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered. Corolla funnel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -98. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together, without an epicalyx. Calyx deeply<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_527">{527}</a></span>lobed.—Species 3. East and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Empogona</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers fascicled, with an epicalyx of 2-6 bracteoles united at the base.—Species<br /> -60. Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>Bunburya</i> Meissn.,<br /> -<i>Diplocrater</i> Benth. & Hook., <i>Diplospora</i> DC., and <i>Kraussia</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tricalysia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -99. Style entire or shortly toothed at the apex. Corolla funnel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -Style cleft at the apex or further. Anthers exserted. Inflorescences -lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -100. Flowers in terminal corymbs. Anthers included. Seeds solitary.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enterospermum</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary fascicles. Anthers exserted.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zygoon</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -101. Flowers solitary or fascicled on dwarf shoots, appearing before the leaves.<br /> -Calyx-teeth awl-shaped. Corolla funnel-shaped. Seeds without an -aril; albumen uniform.—Species 3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Feretia</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in cymes, appearing with the leaves. Calyx-teeth minute. Corolla -wheel-shaped. Seeds with an aril; albumen ruminate.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galiniera</b> Del.<br /> -<br /> -102. (94.) Style entire or shortly lobed or toothed at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -Style more or less deeply cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -103. Calyx-segments large and broad, with imbricate, sometimes contorted -aestivation. Corolla hairy within. Anthers included. Flowers hermaphrodite.<br /> -104<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments small or narrow, with open aestivation.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -104. Flowers solitary or in pairs in the leaf-axils. Corolla bell-shaped, hairy -within the base, glabrous at the throat.—Species 5. Central Africa.<br /> -(<i>Sherbournia</i> Don)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amaralia</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal cymes. Corolla salver-shaped.—Species 25. Central -and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptactinia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -105. Flowers unisexual.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -106. Flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx entire or minutely toothed. Stamens -inserted at the throat of the corolla. Trees.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Byrsophyllum</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or paired in the leaf-axils, or in axillary panicles. Calyx -lobed or divided. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -107. Flowers in panicles. Calyx shortly lobed. Stamens inserted at the base -of the corolla-tube; connective with a leaf-like appendage. Stem -climbing.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atractogyne</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in pairs. Calyx deeply divided. Stamens inserted -at the throat of the corolla, without an appendage. Stem erect; -branches thickened and hollow at the nodes.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epitaberna</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -108. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_528">{528}</a></span>Inflorescences lateral.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -109. Style much projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Flowers in cymose -corymbs. (See 96.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tarenna</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Style not or slightly projecting beyond the corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -110. Corolla-tube as long as or slightly longer than the limb. Calyx-segments -awl-shaped. Anthers included. Style hairy. Flowers in clusters, -yellowish-red.—Species 1. South Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Burchellia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube considerably longer than the limb.—Species 85. Tropical -and South Africa. Some species yield timber, poison, a substitute for -soap, dyes, or medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Genipa</i> L. partly, <i>Mitriostigma</i> Hochst., and <i>Stylocoryne</i> Cav.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Randia</b> Houst.<br /> -<br /> -111. Seed-coat membranous or leathery. (See 110.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Randia</b> Houst.<br /> -<br /> -Seed-coat fibrous.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -112. Corolla-tube slightly longer than the limb. Stamens inserted in the -tube, included. Fruit with a leathery rind. Flowers in fascicles.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar. (Including <i>Tamatavia</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chapeliera</b> A. Rich<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube considerably longer than the limb. Stamens inserted at the -throat, exserted. Fruit a berry. Flowers in corymbs.—Species 35.<br /> -Central and South Africa. Some have edible fruits or serve as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oxyanthus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -113. (102.) Inflorescences lateral. Ovules 4-8 in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences terminal or terminal and lateral. Ovules numerous in -each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -114. Placentas thick.<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -Placentas thin.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -<br /> -115. Flowers without an epicalyx. Calyx with awl-shaped segments. Stamens -inserted in the corolla-tube.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flagenium</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers with an epicalyx.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -116. Inflorescences borne upon a broadened, leaf-like stalk. Calyx 5-toothed.<br /> -Corolla glabrous at the throat. Anthers included.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Canephora</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences sessile or borne upon a not broadened stalk. Anthers -exserted. (See 98.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tricalysia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -117. Flowers large, with an epicalyx of partly leaf-like bracts. Corolla salver-shaped, -hairy at the throat. Anthers far exserted.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Probletostemon</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers small, without an epicalyx.<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -118. Style-branches hairy. Seeds 1-2. Shrubs. Stipules long.—Species<br /> -4. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypobathrum</b> Blume<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches glabrous. Seeds 3 or more. Trees. Stipules short.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_529">{529}</a></span>1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paragenipa</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -119. (113.) Calyx shortly toothed. Anthers included or nearly so. Seed-coat -pitted. Stipules united at the base.—Species 25. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bertiera</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx deeply divided, with leaf-like segments.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -120. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube, with several-chambered -halves. Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit fleshy. Seed-coat smooth.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dictyandra</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers included within the corolla-tube or nearly so, with 2-chambered -halves. Corolla salver-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -121. Fruit fleshy. Seed-coat smooth. (See 104.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptactinia</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit dry or nearly so. Seed-coat pitted.—Species 7. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heinsia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -122. (93.) Ovules 2-4 in each ovary-cell. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped.<br /> -Anthers exserted. Style simple. Flowers in axillary clusters.—Species<br /> -1. Central Africa. Yields fish-poison. (Under <i>Randia</i><br /> -Houst.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Morelia</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -123. Flowers in lateral inflorescences. Disc cushion-shaped. Fruit clothed -with long hairs. Seeds with a fleshy aril.—Species 1. Southern<br /> -West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chalazocarpus</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in terminal clusters. Disc rather flat. Calyx irregularly toothed.<br /> -Corolla yellow, 8-lobed. Style 4-cleft at the top. Leaves very large.—Species<br /> -1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). (<i>Tetrastigma</i><br /> -K. Schum.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schumanniophyton</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -124. (81.) Fruit a berry or a nut with a leathery skin. Seeds numerous, -small; testa netted or dotted. [Tribe MUSSAENDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>125<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule or a schizocarp, rarely (<i>Oldenlandia</i>) an achene or nut -with a membranous or crustaceous skin. Ovary 2-celled, rarely (<i>Pentacarpaea</i>)<br /> -5-celled. Flowers small.<span class="spc">  </span>133<br /> -<br /> -125. Corolla-tube short. Style entire or toothed at the apex. Shrubs or trees.<br /> -Inflorescences without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>126<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube long. Style more or less deeply cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>128<br /> -<br /> -126. Flowers in terminal clusters. Calyx 5-parted. Ovary 2-celled. Twining -shrubs.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Justenia</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary inflorescences. Calyx 4-7-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>127<br /> -<br /> -127. Corolla urn-shaped. Anthers slightly exserted. Ovary 2-celled. Flowers -solitary or in pairs.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pauridiantha</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla wheel- or funnel-shaped. Anthers included. Ovary 4-7-celled.<br /> -Flowers in panicles or heads.—Species 20. Tropics. Some species -yield dyes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urophyllum</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -128. Flowers in terminal panicles. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed; one of the -segments in several flowers of each inflorescence leaf-like, enlarged and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_530">{530}</a></span>brightly coloured. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Ovary<br /> -2-celled. Shrubs or undershrubs.—Species 30. Tropics. Some are used -as ornamental, medicinal, or dye-plants. (Including <i>Spallanzania</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mussaenda</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in axillary inflorescences.<span class="spc">  </span>129<br /> -<br /> -129. Inflorescences head-like and surrounded by a large, more or less bell-shaped -involucre of united bracts. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube.<span class="spc">  </span>130<br /> -<br /> -Inflorescences with an involucre of free bracts or without an involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>131<br /> -<br /> -130. Calyx deeply divided; segments at first awl-shaped, subsequently some -or all broadened and leaf-like. Ovary-cells and style-branches 5.<br /> -Fruit globose. Erect herbs.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Temnopteryx</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx cleft about halfway down; segments ovate. Fruit ovate or oblong.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stipularia</b> Beauv.<br /> -<br /> -131. Stamens inserted in the middle of the corolla-tube. Calyx deeply divided; -segments enlarged, leaf-like. Ovary 5-celled. Decumbent herbs.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentaloncha</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted at the mouth of the corolla-tube or somewhat below it.<br /> -Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>132<br /> -<br /> -132. Corolla funnel-shaped. Calyx deeply divided. Disc cup-shaped. Ovary-cells -and style-branches 2. Flowers in clusters springing from the -base of the stem. Erect, glabrous plants.—Species 1. Equatorial<br /> -West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ecpoma</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla tube- or salver-shaped. Hairy, usually twining plants.—Species<br /> -35. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sabicea</b> Aubl.<br /> -<br /> -133. (124.) Seeds winged, numerous. Fruit a capsule. Trees or shrubs.<br /> -Stipules entire or toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>134<br /> -<br /> -Seeds wingless. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. [Tribe OLDENLANDIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>143<br /> -<br /> -134. Flowers in heads, 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>135<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in panicles. [Tribe CINCHONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>137<br /> -<br /> -135. Calyx 5-cleft with leaf-like segments imbricate in the bud. Corolla -tubular. Stamens concealed in the corolla-tube. Placentas ascending.<br /> -Style 2-cleft.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Payera</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with small and narrow segments, open in the bud, or entire. Corolla -long funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla.<br /> -Placentas pendulous or adnate to the partition of the ovary. Style -simple, far exserted. Fruit a septicidal capsule.<span class="spc">  </span>136<br /> -<br /> -136. Calyx entire or shortly toothed. Stigma hood-shaped.—Species 4.<br /> -Central Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and medicaments. (<i>Mamboga</i><br /> -Blanco, <i>Stephegyne</i> Korth., under <i>Nauclea</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mitragyne</b> Korth.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx cleft about to the middle. Stigma head- or club-shaped.—Species<br /> -4. Central and South Africa. Yielding timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adina</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -137. Placentas shortly adnate to the partition of the ovary and more or less<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_531">{531}</a></span>distinctly stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>138<br /> -Placentas adnate to the partition of the ovary throughout their whole -length or almost so.<span class="spc">  </span>141<br /> -<br /> -138. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, 5-merous. Corolla-lobes unappendaged.<br /> -Fruit globose. Shrubs.—Species 20. Madagascar and neighbouring -islands. Some species yield dyes or medicaments; several are poisonous.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Danais</b> Comm.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite. Corolla-lobes usually with a thread- or club-shaped -appendage on the back. Fruit oblong or linear. Trees.<span class="spc">  </span>139<br /> -<br /> -139. Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube. Flowers 4-merous. Corolla -urn-shaped. Fruit loculicidal. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. West<br /> -Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudocinchona</b> A. Chev.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers projecting at least partly beyond the corolla-tube. Corolla-lobes -appendaged. Flowers usually 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>140<br /> -<br /> -140. Fruit loculicidal. Corolla usually funnel-shaped.—Species 3. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corynanthe</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit septicidal. Corolla urn- or bell-shaped. Leaves whorled.—Species<br /> -3. West Africa. They yield timber and medicaments. (Under<br /> -<i>Corynanthe</i> Welw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pausinystalia</b> Pierre<br /> -<br /> -141. Fruit loculicidal. Calyx-segments subulate, deciduous. Corolla-lobes -erect. Style shortly lobed. Trees. Leaves herbaceous. Stipules -glandular-toothed. Bracts partly petal-like.—Species 8. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hymenodictyon</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit septicidal.<span class="spc">  </span>142<br /> -<br /> -142. Fruit splitting downwards from the apex. Calyx-segments lanceolate, -leaf-like, deciduous. Corolla violet.—Species 4. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schismatoclada</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit splitting upwards from the base. Calyx-segments persistent. Corolla -pink or yellowish. Stamens of the long-styled flowers inserted in the -middle of the corolla-tube, those of the short-styled at its mouth. Placentas -thick.—Species 3. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield medicaments<br /> -(especially quinine).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cinchona</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -143. (133.) Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Stamens 5, inserted a little above -the base of the corolla-tube. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube.<br /> -Calyx-segments unequal. Flowers in panicles. Herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -Southern West Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentacarpaea</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-celled. Stigmas 1-2.<span class="spc">  </span>144<br /> -<br /> -144. Placentas club-shaped, ascending from the base of the ovary-cells, few-ovuled.<br /> -Shrubs or undershrubs. Flowers in terminal cymes, 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>145<br /> -<br /> -Placentas attached to the partition of the ovary.<span class="spc">  </span>147<br /> -<br /> -145. Calyx-segments distinctly unequal, one or several of them considerably -enlarged. Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped. Stamens inserted in the -corolla-tube. Fruit bursting irregularly. Stipules lacerated.—Species<br /> -15. Tropics. (Under <i>Carphalea</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dirichletia</b> Klotzsch<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_532">{532}</a></span>Calyx-segments equal.<span class="spc">  </span>146<br /> -<br /> -146. Calyx inversely umbrella-shaped, membranous at the base of the segments.<br /> -Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla.<br /> -Fruit opening loculicidally. Leaves linear.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carphalea</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx not inversely umbrella-shaped, with 4 lobes alternating with small -teeth. Corolla tubular. Stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Leaves -ovate.—Species 1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Placopoda</b> Balf.<br /> -<br /> -147. Calyx-segments distinctly unequal, usually one of them much enlarged.<span class="spc">  </span>148<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments equal or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>151<br /> -<br /> -148. Corolla glabrous at the throat. Style 2-lobed. Fruit loculicidal, with a -persistent and a deciduous valve. Herbs. Flowers in cymes.—Species<br /> -10. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Virecta</b> Afzel.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla hairy at the throat. Style 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>149<br /> -<br /> -149. Flowers in spikes. Fruit with septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 12. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Otomeria</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in fascicles, cymes, or panicles. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence.<span class="spc">  </span>150<br /> -<br /> -150. Corolla red or violet. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules divided into awl-shaped or -bristle-like segments.—Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some -are used as ornamental plants. (<i>Neurocarpaea</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentas</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla yellow or white. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla.<br /> -Shrubs or trees. (See 128.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mussaenda</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -151. Stamens inserted in the lower part of the corolla-tube. Anthers converging -above or cohering into a tube, opening at the top. Corolla -rotate. Style simple, with a capitate stigma. Fruit opening with a -lid or irregularly. Herbs. Stipules undivided. Flowers in spike- or -umbel-like cymes.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Argostema</b> Wall.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the upper part of the corolla-tube or at its mouth.<br /> -Anthers neither converging nor cohering, opening lengthwise.<span class="spc">  </span>152<br /> -<br /> -152. Flowers in racemes, 5-merous. Calyx-segments linear. Corolla white, -funnel-shaped; tube rather short. Anthers included. Placentas -spindle-shaped. Style 2-cleft. Creeping herbs.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dolichometra</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers solitary or in sometimes capitate or scorpioid cymes, often -collected in false racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>153<br /> -<br /> -153. Flowers in one-sided cymose inflorescences, 5-merous. Stamens inserted -in the corolla-tube, included. Placentas filiform. Style-branches -spatulate. Fruit narrow, compressed, few-seeded, with septicidal and -loculicidal dehiscence. Climbing herbs. Stipules lanceolate.—Species<br /> -1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hekistocarpa</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers in head-like or lax, not one-sided cymes, or solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>154<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_145" style="width: 327px;"> -<a href="images/plt_145.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_145.jpg" width="327" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CAPRIFOLIACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 145.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Viburnum rugosum Pers.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Lower part of the flower cut -lengthwise. <i>D</i> Fruit. <i>E</i> Cross-section of fruit.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_146" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_146.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_146.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>VALERIANACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 146.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Valeriana capensis Vahl</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Aboveground part of the plant. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Anther. <i>D</i> Flower -cut lengthwise (without the anthers). <i>E</i> Stigma. <i>F</i> Fruit. <i>G</i> Seed -cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_533">{533}</a></span></p> - -<p> -154. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Anthers included.<br /> -Style 2-cleft. Fruit opening loculicidally at the apex. Herbs. Stipules -entire or toothed. Flowers in lax cymes.—Species 1. Tropical -and South-east Africa. (Under <i>Oldenlandia</i> Plum.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentodon</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 4-merous, very rarely 5-merous, but then solitary or in pairs -or style simple.<span class="spc">  </span>155<br /> -<br /> -155. Fruit opening by a lid, few-seeded. Flowers 4-merous. Corolla rotate.<br /> -Placentas globose, with 3-4 ovules. Undershrubs. Flowers in -terminal fascicles.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mitratheca</b> K. Schum.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening lengthwise or remaining closed.—Species 120. Some of -them yield vegetables, dyes, or medicaments. (Including <i>Hedyotis</i> L. -and <i>Pentanopsis</i> Rendle).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oldenlandia</b> Plum.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_220">FAMILY 220.</a> CAPRIFOLIACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, united below. Petals -5, united below. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla. Ovary inferior. -Ovules axile, pendulous. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seeds with a straight -embryo and fleshy albumen.—Genera 4, species 15. North and East Africa. -(Plate 145.)</p> - -<p> -1. Ovary 1-celled when fully developed. Ovule 1. Style very short, 3-parted.<br /> -Anthers turned inwards. Flowers in corymbs, regular, -at least the inner ones. Fruit a drupe with a 1-seeded stone. Shrubs -or trees. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed.—Species 4. North Africa.<br /> -They yield timber and medicaments or serve as ornamental plants, so -especially the guelder-rose (<i>V. Opulus</i> L.) and the laurustinus (<i>V. tinus</i><br /> -L.); the latter has poisonous fruits. (Plate 145.) [Tribe VIBURNEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Viburnum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 2-5-celled. Ovules 2 or more. Fruit a drupe with 3-5 stones -or a several-seeded berry.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. Style very short, 3-5-parted. Anthers -turned outwards. Corolla rotate. Flowers regular, in panicles or -corymbs. Fruit a drupe. Leaves pinnately dissected.—Species 4.<br /> -North and East Africa; one species (<i>S. nigra</i> L.) only naturalized. The -latter yields wood, pith, oil, edible fruits, and medicaments; another -species is poisonous. “Elder.” [Tribe SAMBUCEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sambucus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Style long. Anthers turned -inwards. Flowers more or less irregular. Fruit a berry. Leaves -entire, toothed, or lobed. Shrubs. [Tribe LONICEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Ovary 2-3-celled.—Species 6. North-west Africa. Some are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants. “Honeysuckle.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lonicera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Ovary 5-celled. Fruit many-seeded.—Species 1. Naturalized in the<br /> -Azores. An ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leycesteria</b> Wall.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_534">{534}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_221">FAMILY 221.</a> VALERIANACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or all radical, without stipules. -Inflorescence cymose. Calyx not distinctly developed at the time of -flowering. Petals 5, united below. Stamens 1-3, attached to the -corolla-tube. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior, with 3 cells, two -of which are empty and sometimes rudimentary. Ovule 1, pendulous, -inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or 3-parted. Seed exalbuminous; -embryo straight.—Genera 4, species 35. (Plate 146.)</p> - -<p> -1. Stamen 1. Corolla spurred. Calyx-limb developing into a feathery -pappus crowning the fruit. Fruit 1-celled.—Species 5. North Africa.<br /> -Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centranthus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 2-3. Corolla not spurred, but sometimes gibbous.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Stamens 2, more rarely 3, two of which are united. Corolla 2-lipped; -tube long, with a minute gibbosity near the base. Calyx-limb toothed.<br /> -Branches of the inflorescence thickened.—Species 4. North-west<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fedia</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 3, free. Corolla not 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Calyx-limb rolled inwards at the time of flowering, developing afterwards -into a pappus of feathery bristles. Fruit 1-celled. Corolla-tube usually -gibbous. Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves divided.—Species<br /> -5. North-west, East, and South Africa. Used as medicinal or ornamental -plants. (Plate 146.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Valeriana</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-limb entire or toothed. Corolla-tube without a distinct gibbosity.<br /> -Annual herbs.—Species 20. North and South Africa and northern<br /> -East Africa. Some species, especially <i>V. olitoria</i> Poll., are used as -salad. “Cornsalad.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Valerianella</b> Haller<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_222">FAMILY 222.</a> DIPSACACEAE</p> - -<p>Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, without stipules. Flowers in -heads; each flower with an epicalyx embracing the ovary. Petals 4-5, -united below. Stamens 2-4. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior, -1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or -2-parted. Fruit enclosed by the epicalyx, dry, indehiscent. Seed -albuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 7, species 50. (Plate 147.)</p> - -<p> -1. Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, usually stiff and smaller than the -scales of the receptacle. Calyx-teeth numerous. Corolla-lobes 4.<br /> -Stigma entire.—Species 15. (Plate 147.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalaria</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows.<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -2. Involucral bracts united. Epicalyx with 8 pits near the apex. Calyx-teeth<br /> -5. Stigma entire.—Species 2. North-west Africa. (Under<br /> -<i>Scabiosa</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pycnocomon</b> Hoffmsg. & Link<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts free.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_147" style="width: 330px;"> -<a href="images/plt_147.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_147.jpg" width="330" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>DIPSACACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 147.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Cephalaria rigida (Spreng.) Schrad.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering blanch. <i>B</i> Flower with epicalyx and bract. <i>C</i> Lower part -of the flower cut lengthwise.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_148" style="width: 324px;"> -<a href="images/plt_148.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_148.jpg" width="324" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CUCURBITACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 148.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Momordica Charantia L.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Male flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Sepal. <i>D</i> -Anther. <i>E</i> Female flower cut lengthwise. <i>F</i> Staminode. <i>G</i> -Cross-section of ovary. <i>H</i> Fruit. <i>I</i> Seed. (<i>H</i> from Curtis’ Botanical -Magazine, plate 2455.)</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_535">{535}</a></span></p> - -<p> -<br /> -3. Scales of the receptacle stiff and pointed. Calyx-teeth usually 4. Stem -prickly or bristly.—Species 5. North and East Africa. Several species -are used in the manufacture of cloth and in medicine. “Teasel.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dipsacus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Scales of the receptacle herbaceous or replaced by hairs. Stem glabrous or -hairy, rarely bristly.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Scales of the receptacle nearly as large as the flowers. Epicalyx with 8 -longitudinal furrows. Calyx-teeth 5. Stigma entire.—Species 2.<br /> -North-west Africa and Cameroons. They yield dyes and medicaments.<br /> -(Under <i>Scabiosa</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Succisa</b> Coult.<br /> -<br /> -Scales of the receptacle much smaller than the flowers or replaced by -hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Calyx-teeth 4-6. Stigma 2-parted. Epicalyx with 8 longitudinal -furrows or ribs and a saucer-shaped limb. Receptacle scaly.—Species<br /> -18. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scabiosa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth 8-24.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Calyx-teeth 8. Epicalyx without distinct furrows or ribs, and with a -narrow, toothed limb. Receptacle hairy.—Species 2. North-west<br /> -Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Under <i>Scabiosa</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Knautia</b> Coult.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-teeth 12-24. Epicalyx with 8 longitudinal furrows and a saucer-shaped -limb.—Species 6. North Africa and Abyssinia. (Under<br /> -<i>Scabiosa</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterocephalus</b> Vaill.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">ORDER CAMPANULATAE</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CUCURBITINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_223">FAMILY 223.</a> CUCURBITACEAE</p> - -<p>Nearly always prostrate or climbing and tendril-bearing plants. Leaves -broad, usually with pedate nervation. Flowers unisexual or polygamous, -regular or nearly so, 5-merous. Calyx of united sepals. Stamens 4-5, -four of them united in pairs, rarely all united or all free. Anthers -usually opening outwards. Ovary inferior. Ovules inverted. Style -undivided or cleft. Fruit berry-like, but sometimes dehiscent, more -rarely dry and indehiscent. Seeds with a leathery or woody testa and a -straight embryo, without albumen.—Genera 42, species 270. (Plate 148.)</p> - -<p> -1. Filaments all united into a column. [Tribe SICYOIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free or united at the base or in pairs.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -2. Anthers 2-3, horizontal, straight or slightly curved. Staminal column -very short. Male flowers in panicles, yellowish. Tendrils 2-cleft.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa. (Under <i>Gerrardanthus</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyclantheropsis</b> Harms<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_536">{536}</a></span>Anthers 3-5, erect and much curved or twisted.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Flowers usually dioecious, the female with staminodes. Ovules numerous, -horizontal. Herbs. Tendrils simple or 2-cleft. Female flowers solitary.—Species<br /> -30. Central and South Africa. Some species have edible -fruits or serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. (<i>Cephalandra</i> Schrad.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coccinia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious, the female without staminodes. Ovule 1, pendulous.<br /> -Tendrils 3-5-cleft. Male flowers in racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -4. Female flowers solitary or in pairs. Anthers free. Fruit large, fleshy.<br /> -Shrubs. Flowers whitish.—Species 1 (<i>S. edule</i> Swartz). Cultivated -and sometimes naturalized in North Africa, the island of St. Thomas, -and the Mascarenes. The stem yields fibres, the roots and fruits are -edible and contain starch.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sechium</b> P. Browne<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers crowded in heads. Fruit small, with a leathery rind.<br /> -Herbs. Flowers greenish.—Species 1. Central Africa; also cultivated -in the Mascarene Islands. Yields starch and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sicyos</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -5. Stamens 5, one of them sterile; filaments free; anthers more or less -cohering, 2-celled. Petals unequal, undivided. Ovary incompletely<br /> -3-celled; ovules few in each cell, pendulous. Styles 3; stigmas 2-lobed.<br /> -Fruit 3-valved at the apex. Seeds winged. Shrubs. Tendrils<br /> -2-cleft. Flowers dioecious, the male in racemes, the female solitary.—Species<br /> -4. Central and South Africa. Used medicinally. (Including<br /> -<i>Atheranthera</i> Mast.) [Tribe FEVILLEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gerrardanthus</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 4-5, united in pairs, hence apparently only 2-3, rarely stamens<br /> -5, free and all fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Anther-cells straight or slightly curved, rarely shortly inflexed at the base -or apex. [Tribe MELOTHRIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -Anther-cells much curved or twisted, U- or S-shaped. [Tribe CUCURBITEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -7. Anther-cells (pollen-sacs) 4. Flowers large, rose-coloured, the male -without a rudimentary pistil. Calyx-segments toothed. Petals ciliate.<br /> -Ovary oblong, 3-5-celled. Ovules numerous. Style 1. Fruit very -large. Leaves compound. Tendrils 2-cleft.—Species 2. Tropics.<br /> -They yield edible oily seeds and medicaments. (Including <i>Ampelosicyos</i><br /> -Thouars). [Subtribe <small>TELFAIRIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Telfairia</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-cells 2, rarely (<i>Melothria</i>) 4, but then flowers small, white or yellow, -the male with a rudimentary pistil, fruit small, and leaves simple.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Disc at the base of the style distinctly developed. [Subtribe <small>MELOTHRIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -Disc at the base of the style indistinct or wanting. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>ANGURIINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -9. Calyx with a cylindrical tube and long, awl-shaped segments. Anthers -sessile, attached by the back. Male flowers solitary or 2-3 together, -female solitary.—Species 3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oreosyce</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with a campanulate tube and short segments. Anthers attached<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_537">{537}</a></span>by the base.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. They yield -vegetables and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Mukia</i> Arn., <i>Pilogyne</i> Schrad., and <i>Zehneria</i> Endl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melothria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. Stamens inserted at the throat of the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the calyx-tube. Climbing or prostrate herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -11. Stem erect, woody, tree-like. Leaves more or less deeply divided. Flowers -monoecious, the male in panicles, without a pistil. Stigma 1, 3-lobed.—Species<br /> -1. Island of Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dendrosicyos</b> Balf. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Stem prostrate or climbing, herbaceous. Stigmas 3.—Species 30. Central -and South Africa, one species also cultivated in North Africa and the<br /> -Mascarene Islands. Some species yield edible fruits and medicaments, -or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 148.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Momordica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -12. Anther-cells inflexed at the apex. Connective broad. Flowers small, -yellow, monoecious, the male with a rudimentary pistil. Stigmas 3.—Species<br /> -2. West Africa. They yield edible fruits, oily seeds, and medicaments.<br /> -(Including <i>Cladosicyos</i> Hook., under <i>Zehneria</i> Endl.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cucumeropsis</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -Anther-cells straight, slightly curved, or inflexed at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -13. Calyx-tube long, cylindrical. Flowers dioecious, the male in panicles, the -female in racemes. Ovules numerous. Stigmas 2, 2-cleft.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trochomeriopsis</b> Cogn.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube short, campanulate. Flowers nearly always monoecious.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Male flowers solitary or in fascicles or heads. Stamens with a lengthened -or broadened connective.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -15. Stigma 1, lobed. Ovules few in each ovary-cell. Staminodes of the -female flowers minute or wanting. Flowers small, yellowish-green.<br /> -Fruit opening by a lid.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corallocarpus</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Stigmas 3-5. Ovules numerous. Staminodes hair-like or strap-shaped.—Species<br /> -30. Some of them (especially the cucumber, <i>C. sativus</i> L., -and the melon, <i>C. Melo</i> L.) yield edible fruits, oily seeds, and medicaments, -or serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cucumis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -16. Leaf-stalk with a small, fringed, stipule-like leaf at the base. Calyx-segments -awl-shaped. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil, female -without staminodes. Connective not prolonged. Ovules 2-3 in each -cell.—Species 2. Central and South-west Africa. (<i>Ctenolepis</i> Hook.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blastania</b> Kotschy & Peyr.<br /> -<br /> -Leaf-stalk without a stipule-like leaf at its base.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -17. Stem short. Flowers appearing before the leaves, the male with a rudimentary -pistil, the female with linear staminodes. Calyx-segments -narrow. Connective narrow, not prolonged. Stigmas 3. Ovules -numerous. Leaves lobed.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pisosperma</b> Sond. & Harv.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_538">{538}</a></span>Stem long. Flowers appearing with the leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -18. Staminodes in the female flowers thread-like, curved. Connective not -prolonged at the apex. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil.<br /> -Stigmas 1-2. Ovules numerous. Calyx-segments broad. Fruit bottle-shaped.<br /> -Seeds globose. Leaves toothed or lobed.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa to Ngamiland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Toxanthera</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Staminodes in the female flowers small or wanting. Connective prolonged -at the apex, very rarely not prolonged, but then fruit oblong, -without a beak, and leaves deeply divided. Ovules usually few.—Species<br /> -15. Central and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental -or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Coniandra</i> Schrad. and <i>Rhynchocarpa</i><br /> -Schrad.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Kedrostis</b> Medik.<br /> -<br /> -19. (6.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell, erect. Style surrounded at the -base by a disc. Staminodes present in the female flowers. Anthers -cohering. Petals undivided.—Species 1. West Africa and Canary<br /> -Islands. (Including <i>Trianosperma</i> Mart.) [Subtribe <small>ABOBRINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cayaponia</b> Manso.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell or upon each placenta, horizontal, -rarely ovary 1-celled with 2 ovules, one erect, the other pendulous.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -20. Petals slit at the edge, free or nearly so. Calyx-tube long. Stem climbing.<br /> -Leaves cleft or compound. Tendrils 2-3-cleft. Male flowers in -racemes. [Subtribe <small>TRICHOSANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Petals not slit.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Stamens combined into 3, projecting beyond the calyx-tube. Male flowers -with a rudimentary pistil. Fruit snake-shaped. Leaves 3-7-lobed.<br /> -Tendrils 3-cleft. Flowers white.—Species 1. Cultivated and naturalized -in Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Used as a vegetable -or as an ornamental or medicinal plant. “Snake-gourd.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trichosanthes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stamens 5, free, seated in the calyx-tube. Male flowers without a rudimentary -pistil. Fruit pear-shaped. Leaves ternately compound.<br /> -Tendrils 2-cleft.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Delognaea</b> Cogn.<br /> -<br /> -22. Corolla distinctly campanulate, lobed or cleft. Ovules numerous. Flowers -large or medium-sized, the male without a rudimentary pistil. Leaves -entire, toothed, or lobed. [Subtribe <small>CUCURBITINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Corolla more or less rotate. [Subtribe <small>CUCUMERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -23. Calyx-segments pinnately dissected. Female flowers without staminodes.<br /> -Style long, inserted on the disc. Stigmas 3, 3-5-lobed. Fruit dry.<br /> -Tendrils simple.—Species 4. Tropics. (<i>Raphidiocystis</i> Hook.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphidiocystis</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments undivided. Female flowers provided with staminodes.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -24. Flowers monoecious. Style short and thick. Stigmas 3-5, 2-lobed.<br /> -Tendrils 2- or more-cleft.—Species 4. Cultivated and sometimes -naturalized. They yield edible fruits, oil, and medicaments, and serve<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_539">{539}</a></span>as ornamental plants. “Pumpkin.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cucurbita</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Style long. Stigma 1, 3-lobed or 3-partite. Tendrils -simple or 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Anthers cohering. Staminodes of the female flowers from subulate to -oblong. Fruit small. (See 3.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coccinia</b> Wight & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free. Staminodes of the female flowers conical or globose. Fruit -rather large.—Species 6. Central Africa. (Including <i>Staphylosyce</i><br /> -Hook.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Physedra</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -26. (22.) Calyx-tube of the male flowers long, cylinder- or funnel-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-tube of the male flowers short, top- or bell-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -27. Anthers connate. Female flowers without Staminodes. Flowers large, -white or yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free or loosely cohering. Female flowers provided with staminodes.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -28. Flowers monoecious. Anthers folded lengthwise. Ovary oblong. Leaf-stalk -without glands at the apex.—Species 20. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. (<i>Peponia</i> Naud.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peponium</b> Naud.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Anthers twisted transversely. Ovary globose.—Species<br /> -9. Tropics. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenopus</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -29. Flowers small or medium-sized, yellow or red. Anthers cohering. Rudimentary -pistil of the male flowers conical. Stigma 1, 3-lobed. Seeds -flattened. Root tuberous.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa.<br /> -Some species have edible roots also used in medicine. (Including<br /> -<i>Heterosicyos</i> Welw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trochomeria</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers large. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers gland-like or -wanting. Stigmas 3. Climbing herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Flowers monoecious, white, solitary. Style very short. Stigmas 2-lobed.<br /> -Fruit with a woody rind. Seeds flattened. Leaves undivided; stalk -with 2 glands at the apex. Tendrils 2-cleft.—Species 1 (<i>L. vulgaris</i><br /> -Ser., bottle-gourd). Tropics; also cultivated and naturalized in -extratropical countries. It yields edible fruits, also used for making -bottles and other utensils, and serves as an ornamental and medicinal -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lagenaria</b> Ser.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers dioecious. Tendrils simple.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -31. Male flowers in racemes. Leaves undivided.—Species 5. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cogniauxia</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers solitary or in clusters. Corolla yellow. Stamens with a broad -connective. Staminodes bearded at the base. Stigmas heart-shaped.<br /> -Fruit fleshy. Seeds nearly globose. Leaves lobed; stalk without -glands.—Species 4. Central Africa. (<i>Euryandra</i> Hook.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eureiandra</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -32. (26.) Anthers connate. Flowers dioecious, the male in clusters and -without a rudimentary pistil, the female without staminodes. Leaves -undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_540">{540}</a></span>Anthers free or loosely cohering; in the latter case flowers monoecious.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -33. Stem herbaceous, without tendrils. Leaves linear. Anthers with a -scale at the base.—Species 1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eulenburgia</b> Pax<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, climbing, bearing tendrils. Leaves broad.—Species 3.<br /> -West Africa. They yield oily seeds.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dimorphochlamys</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -34. Anthers cohering; cells horse-shoe-shaped. Flowers monoecious, the male -in umbels and with a rudimentary pistil, the female solitary and without -staminodes. Stigma subcapitate. Herbs. Leaves lobed, with a stipule-like -leaf at the base. Tendrils simple. Flowers white. Fruit small.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa. (Under <i>Bryonia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dactyliandra</b> Hook. fil.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free, at least when fully developed.<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -35. Stamens inserted at the throat of the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -Stamens inserted in the tube of the calyx.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -36. Calyx without scales at the base. Flowers dioecious, yellow or green, -the male solitary or in clusters, the female solitary, with 5 staminodes.<br /> -Ovary globose. Placentas and stigmas 5. Fruits large. Leafless, -nearly erect, spiny shrubs.—Species 1. German South-west Africa -and Angola. Yields edible fruits and seeds and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Acanthosicyos</b> Welw.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx with 2-3 scales at the base. Ovary bottle-shaped. Placentas and -stigmas 1-3. Climbing or prostrate herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Ovules 2. Stigma 1, capitate. Flowers large, yellow, monoecious, the -male 2-3 together at the base of the leaf-blade, without a rudimentary -pistil, the female solitary or in pairs, without staminodes. Fruits small.<br /> -Leaves slightly lobed. Tendrils simple.—Species 3. Central Africa.<br /> -(<i>Raphanocarpus</i> Hook.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphanocarpus</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules 3 or more. Stigmas 3.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -38. Ovules few. Fruit constricted between the seeds.—Species 1. East<br /> -Africa. (<i>Raphanistrocarpus</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhaphanistrocarpus</b> Baill.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules numerous. (See 11.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Momordica</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -39. Male flowers in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers solitary or in clusters, yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -40. Female flowers in racemes or clusters, small. Ovules few. Male flowers -without a rudimentary pistil. Fruit more or less globular. Tendrils -simple.—Species 4. North Africa. Poisonous and used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bryonia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers solitary. Ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -41. Flowers dioecious large, white, the male without a rudimentary pistil.<br /> -Stigma 1, 3-lobed. Fruit large, globose. Leafstalk with two glands -at the apex. Tendrils 2-cleft, rarely simple.—Species 1. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaerosicyos</b> Hook.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers monoecious. Stigmas 3, 2-lobed. Leaf-stalk without glands.<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -42. Tendrils cleft. Leaves lobed. Fruit dry, opening by a lid.—Species 7.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa; one species also cultivated in North Africa.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_541">{541}</a></span>They are used as vegetables and medicinal plants; some have edible, -others poisonous fruits; the fibres of the fruit are employed for making -sponges, hats, and various utensils; the seeds are oily.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Luffa</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Tendrils absent. Leaves undivided. Flowers yellow, the male without<br /> -a rudimentary pistil. Fruit fleshy, ejecting the seeds when ripe.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. A poisonous and medicinal plant. “Squirting -cucumber.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ecballium</b> A. Rich.<br /> -<br /> -43. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Ovules few. Stem climbing.<br /> -Tendrils two-cleft. Flowers in clusters, small, yellowish-green, monoecious.<br /> -Fruit small, globular.—Species 1. Tropics. Used as an -ornamental and medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bryonopsis</b> Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Ovules numerous.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Connective of the stamens with a 2-cleft appendage at the apex. Tendrils -simple, rarely wanting. (See 15.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cucumis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Connective of the stamens not prolonged at the apex. Tendrils 2-3-cleft.<br /> -Stem prostrate. Leaves lobed or divided. Flowers large, monoecious.<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -45. Calyx-segments leaf-like, serrate, recurved. Flowers solitary.—Species 1<br /> -(<i>B. hispida</i> Cogn.). Cultivated in various regions. The fruits are -eaten and used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Benincasa</b> Savi.<br /> -<br /> -Calyx-segments awl-shaped, entire.—Species 4. They yield edible -fruits (chiefly from <i>C. vulgaris</i> Neck., water-melon), edible oily seeds, -and medicaments; some are poisonous. (<i>Colocynthis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Citrullus</b> Neck.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb">SUBORDER CAMPANULINEAE</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_224">FAMILY 224.</a> CAMPANULACEAE</p> - -<p>Leaves entire toothed or lobed, without stipules. Petals usually united -below. Stamens as many as the petals. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary -inferior or half-inferior, rarely (<i>Lightfootia</i>) superior, 2-10-celled, -rarely (<i>Merciera</i>) 1-celled. Ovules inverted, numerous and axile, -rarely few and apical or basal. Style simple. Fruit a capsule, rarely a -nut or (<i>Canarina</i>) a berry. Seeds with fleshy albumen; embryo -straight.—Genera 26, species 400. (Including <i>LOBELIACEAE</i> and -<i>SPHENOCLEACEAE</i>.) (Plate 149.)</p> - -<p> -1. Anthers connate. Flowers more or less irregular, solitary or in racemes -or panicles. [Subfamily <b>LOBELIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free, rarely (<i>Jasione</i>) cohering at the base, but then flowers regular -and in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -2. Petals free. Flowers nearly regular, small, greenish-yellow, in many-flowered -terminal and lateral racemes.—Species 2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dialypetalum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Petals united below.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Corolla-tube slit down to the base or nearly so, at least on one side. Stamens -free from the corolla or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_542">{542}</a></span>Corolla-tube not or but shortly slit.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -4. Fruit linear. All anthers hairy at the apex.—Species 1. South Africa.<br /> -(Under <i>Lobelia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grammatotheca</b> Presl<br /> -<br /> -Fruit roundish.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -5. Anthers and stigmas ripe at the same time. All anthers hairy at the apex.<br /> -Odd sepal in front.—Species 12. South and East Africa and Comoro<br /> -Islands. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Dobrowskya</i><br /> -Presl and <i>Parastranthus</i> Don, under <i>Lobelia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monopsis</b> Salisb.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers ripe before the stigmas. Odd sepal usually behind.—Species 120.<br /> -Southern and tropical Africa, Madeira, and Azores. Some are poisonous -or are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including <i>Isolobus</i> A.<br /> -DC. and <i>Metzleria</i> Presl)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lobelia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -6. Filaments adnate to the corolla on one side to beyond the middle. Corolla -white.—Species 1. Naturalized in the Island of Réunion. A poisonous -and medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isotoma</b> Lindl.<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free from the corolla or shortly adnate to it. Corolla blue or -white.—Species 10. South and North-west Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Enchysia</i> Presl)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laurentia</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -7. (1.) Flowers distinctly irregular. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit opening loculicidally -and septicidally.—Species 30. South and Central Africa. Several -species have edible tubers. [Subfamily <b>CYPHIOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyphia</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -Flowers regular or nearly so. [Subfamily <b>CAMPANULOIDEAE</b>.]<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Corolla imbricate in the bud. Style very short, without collecting hairs.<br /> -Ovary 2-celled; placentas thick, suspended from the top of the partition.<br /> -Fruit opening by a lid. Flowers in spikes, small, greenish or yellowish.—Species<br /> -1. Tropics and Egypt. [Tribe SPHENOCLEEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphenoclea</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla valvate in the bud. Style with hairs or viscid glands for collecting -the pollen. [Tribe CAMPANULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Carpels 5, as many as the sepals or stamens, and alternating with them.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -Carpels as many as the sepals or stamens, but opposite to them, or fewer.<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -10. Corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, deeply cleft, yellow or red. Filaments -broadened at the base. Fruit opening laterally by many transverse -slits. Large herbs or undershrubs. Leaves elliptical. Flowers -large, in panicles.—Species 2. Madeira. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Musschia</b> Dumort.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla tubular or narrowly campanulate. Filaments not broadened.<br /> -Fruit opening loculicidally by 5 apical valves. Seeds few. Small -herbs. Leaves linear. Flowers small, solitary or in clusters.—Species<br /> -4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microcodon</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -11. Filaments adnate to the corolla halfway or higher up. Fruit opening -by an apical lid.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free from the corolla or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell, suspended from the top of the cell. Flowers -blue, in raceme- or panicle-like cymose inflorescences. Leaves linear.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_543">{543}</a></span>Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Siphocodon</b> Turcz.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules many in each cell, attached to the inner angle. Flowers red, in -heads. Leaves ovate. Shrubs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhigiophyllum</b> Hochst.<br /> -<br /> -13. Anthers cohering at the base. Petals free or nearly so. Ovary 2-celled.<br /> -Fruit opening loculicidally at the top. Flowers in heads surrounded by -an involucre.—Species 4. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jasione</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers free.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -14. Ovules 4, basal. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes incompletely 2-celled. Corolla -tubular-funnel-shaped. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-, rarely 2-4-seeded.<br /> -Undershrubs. Flowers solitary, axillary.—Species 4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Merciera</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Ovules axile, usually numerous. Ovary 2-10-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -15. Fruit a roundish berry. Flowers solitary, terminal, large, nearly always<br /> -6-merous. Corolla bell-shaped, yellow or red. Filaments broadened -at the base. Leaves opposite, the lower whorled.—Species 3. East<br /> -Africa and Canary Islands. They yield edible roots and fruits and -serve as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Canarina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit a capsule, rarely a nut. Flowers usually 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Fruit narrow, opening by an apical lid and sometimes also by lateral slits, -more rarely remaining closed. Ovary 2-celled.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by apical valves or by lateral valves, slits, or pores.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -17. Flowers in terminal heads. Corolla tubular. Ovary ovoid.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa. (<i>Leptocodon</i> Sond.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Treichelia</b> Vatke<br /> -<br /> -Flowers terminal and solitary, or in lateral glomerules. Ovary oblong.—Species<br /> -15. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roëlla</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -18. Fruit opening by lateral, but sometimes nearly apical valves, slits, or -pores.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening loculicidally at the apex, usually broad.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -19. Fruit narrow, opening by pores or slits.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -Fruit broad, opening by valves.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -20. Fruit opening by long slits. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla funnel-shaped or -narrowly bell-shaped.—Species 20. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prismatocarpus</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Fruit opening by short slits or pores. Ovary 3-celled. Corolla wheel-shaped -or broadly bell-shaped.—Species 4. North Africa. They -serve as ornamental plants; the root is edible. “Venus’s looking-glass.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Specularia</b> Heist.<br /> -<br /> -21. Corolla tubular. Ovary 2-3-celled. Style projecting far beyond the -corolla. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. North-west Africa. Used -as an ornamental plant; the root is edible.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Trachelium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla bell- or funnel-shaped. Ovary 3-5-celled. Style not or slightly -projecting beyond the corolla.—Species 25. North Africa and northern<br /> -Central Africa. Several species are used as vegetables or as medicinal<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_544">{544}</a></span>or ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Campanula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -22. Stigma-lobes 2-10, narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -Stigma-lobes 2-3, broad, sometimes very small.<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -23. Petals free or nearly so, narrow.—Species 50. Southern and tropical<br /> -Africa. (Plate 149.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lightfootia</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Petals obviously united below, or broad.—Species 80. Some of them -serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Cervicina</i> Del.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wahlenbergia</b> Schrad.<br /> -<br /> -24. Petals free or nearly so, narrow, blue. Herbs.—Species 6. Central and<br /> -South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cephalostigma</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Petals obviously united below.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -25. Corolla bell-shaped, deeply cleft, yellow. Style equalling the corolla.<br /> -Fruit opening at the top and laterally. Seeds numerous. Stem woody.<br /> -Species 1. Mascarene Islands. (Under <i>Wahlenbergia</i> Schrad.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heterochaenia</b> A. DC.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla narrowly funnel-shaped, shortly lobed. Style much exceeding the -corolla. Fruit opening at the top only. Seeds about ten. Stem -herbaceous.—Species 1. Morocco. (Under <i>Trachelium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Feeria</b> Buser<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_225">FAMILY 225.</a> GOODENIACEAE</p> - -<p>Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves alternate, undivided, without -stipules. Flowers in axillary cymes, irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx -truncate or 5-toothed. Corolla 5-lobed, slit open behind, with folded -aestivation. Stamens 5, alternating with the corolla-lobes, free from -the corolla. Anthers free, turned inwards. Ovary inferior, 2-celled. -Ovules solitary in each cell, erect. Style simple. Stigma capitate, -surrounded by a fringed cup. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen; -embryo straight.</p> - -<p> -Genus 1, species 2. Tropical and South Africa. They yield wood for -carpenters’ work, pith used in the manufacture of paper, vegetables, -and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scaevola</b> L.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="cb"><a id="FAMILY_226">FAMILY 226.</a> COMPOSITAE</p> - -<p>Leaves simple and exstipulate, but sometimes dissected or provided with -stipule-like auricles. Flowers seated upon a dilated or elevated -receptacle and arranged in sometimes spike-like or one-flowered heads -which are surrounded by an involucre. Heads either containing only -hermaphrodite flowers, several of which are sometimes sterile (male), or -consisting of hermaphrodite or male central (disc-) flowers and female -or neuter marginal (ray-) flowers, more rarely heads unisexual or -reduced to a single flower. Calyx-limb (pappus) formed of sometimes -connate scales or hairs, fully developed only in fruit, or wanting. -Corolla of united petals, in the hermaphrodite and male flowers -3-5-lobed with valvate aestivation, regular (tube-, funnel-, or -bell-shaped) or 2-lipped or 1-lipped (strap-shaped), in the female -flowers sometimes wanting. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and -alternate with them, inserted in the corolla-tube. Anthers connate, -rarely free, opening inwards by</p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_149" style="width: 326px;"> -<a href="images/plt_149.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_149.jpg" width="326" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>CAMPANULACEAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 149.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Lightfootia subulata L’Hér.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower cut lengthwise. <i>C</i> Fruit. <i>D</i> Seed.</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" id="plt_150" style="width: 325px;"> -<a href="images/plt_150.jpg"> -<img src="images/plt_150.jpg" width="325" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"><p>COMPOSITAE.</p> - -<p><i>FLOW. PL. AFR.</i></p> - -<p><i>Pl. 150.</i></p> - -<p>J. Fleischmann del.</p> - -<p>Vernonia Baumii O. Hoffm.</p> - -<p><i>A</i> Flowering branch. <i>B</i> Flower. <i>C</i> Flower cut lengthwise and -pappus-bristle. <i>D</i> Anther from front and back.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_545">{545}</a></span> two longitudinal -slits. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, erect, inverted. Style of the -fertile hermaphrodite flowers cleft into two branches, which bear -stigmatic papillae on the inner face or the margins, and hairs on the -outer face, on both sides, or at the top; style of the sterile flowers -usually entire. Fruit indehiscent, mostly dry. Seed solitary, with a -thin coat usually adnate to the pericarp, exalbuminous. Embryo straight; -radicle short, inferior.—Genera 327, species 4200. (Including -<i>AMBROSIACEAE</i>.) (Plate 150.)</p> - -<p> -1. Corolla of all flowers strap-shaped (ligulate). Juice milky. [Tribe<br /> -CICHORIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>2<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the hermaphrodite and male flowers not strap-shaped. Juice -not milky.<span class="spc">  </span>31<br /> -<br /> -2. Scales on the receptacle enclosing the fruits. Thistle-like herbs.—Species<br /> -3. North Africa and northern East Africa. Used as vegetables and in -medicine. [Subtribe <small>SCOLYMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scolymus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Scales on the receptacle not enclosing the fruits or wanting. Not thistle-like -plants.<span class="spc">  </span>3<br /> -<br /> -3. Pappus of all or of the inner fruits consisting of feathery bristles which are -sometimes broadened at the base or surrounded by simple bristles -or by a small crown. [Subtribe <small>LEONTODONTINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>4<br /> -<br /> -Pappus consisting of simple, smooth or rough, in some cases shortly ciliate -bristles, or of such bristles and scales, or only of scales sometimes ending -in a not feathery, in some cases shortly ciliate awn, or of scales united -into a small crown, or wanting altogether.<span class="spc">  </span>10<br /> -<br /> -4. Pappus-bristles, at least on the inner fruits, with interwoven pinnae.<br /> -Receptacle without scales.<span class="spc">  </span>5<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles with not interwoven pinnae, in 1 or 2 rows. Flowers -yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>7<br /> -<br /> -5. Pappus-bristles and involucral bracts in one row. Flower-heads terminal, -solitary, large or rather large. Leaves linear.—Species 3. North<br /> -Africa; one of the species also naturalized in St. Helena. Used as -vegetables or in medicine. “Salsify.” (Including <i>Geropogon</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tragopogon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles and involucral bracts in several rows.<span class="spc">  </span>6<br /> -<br /> -6. Fruits obliquely truncate at the top; hence pappus lateral. Flower-heads -terminal, solitary; flowers yellow. Leaves radical.—Species 1.<br /> -North-west Africa (Algeria)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tourneuxia</b> Coss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits straight at the top.—Species 7. North and Central Africa; one -species only cultivated. They yield edible roots, food for silkworms, -and medicaments. (Including <i>Podospermum</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Scorzonera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -7. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Involucral bracts in several -rows.—Species 6. North Africa; two of the species also naturalized -in South Africa, St. Helena, and the Mascarenes. Used in medicine.<br /> -(Including <i>Seriola</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hypochoeris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_546">{546}</a></span>Receptacle without scales.<span class="spc">  </span>8<br /> -<br /> -8. Involucral bracts in one row. Fruits with a hollow beak. Pappus-bristles -in two rows. Flower-heads solitary.—Species 2. North Africa and<br /> -Cape Verde Islands; naturalized in South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Urospermum</b> Scop.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in several rows.<span class="spc">  </span>9<br /> -<br /> -9. Leaves all radical. Stem simple or scantily branched. Pappus persistent.—Species<br /> -20. North Africa. (Including <i>Asterothrix</i> Coss.,<br /> -<i>Fidelia</i> Schultz, <i>Kalbfussia</i> Schultz, <i>Microderis</i> DC., <i>Millina</i> Cass., and<br /> -<i>Thrincia</i> Roth).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leontodon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves cauline or cauline and radical. Stem branched, hairy.—Species<br /> -20. North and Central Africa. Several species are used as vegetables.<br /> -(Including <i>Deckera</i> Schultz, <i>Helminthia</i> Juss., <i>Spitzelia</i> Schultz, <i>Viraea</i><br /> -Vahl, and <i>Vigineixia</i> Pomel).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Picris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -10. (3.) Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, consisting of bristles. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CREPIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>11<br /> -<br /> -Pappus consisting of scales and bristles, or of scales sometimes prolonged -into an awn or united in a small crown, or wanting. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CICHORINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>24<br /> -<br /> -11. Receptacle beset with bristles. Fruits not beaked.<span class="spc">  </span>12<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate.<span class="spc">  </span>13<br /> -<br /> -12. Receptacle bristly throughout. Fruits linear.—Species 1. North-east<br /> -Africa (Egypt). (<i>Lagoseris</i> M. Bieb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterotheca</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle pitted; only the edges of the pits beset with bristles. Fruits -oblong.—Species 10. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Andryala</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -13. Fruits ending in a beak.<span class="spc">  </span>14<br /> -<br /> -Fruits without a beak, but sometimes narrowed at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>18<br /> -<br /> -14. Fruits tubercled at the base of the beak.<span class="spc">  </span>15<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not tubercled at the base of the beak.<span class="spc">  </span>17<br /> -<br /> -15. Outer fruits not beaked, with a rudimentary pappus or without a pappus.<br /> -Flower-heads subequal, in corymbs.—Species 1. North-east Africa<br /> -(Egypt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteroderis</b> Boiss.<br /> -<br /> -Outer fruits similar to the inner.<span class="spc">  </span>16<br /> -<br /> -16. Heads rather small, 7-15-flowered. Leaves radical and cauline.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. Used as a salad and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chondrilla</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads rather large, many-flowered. Leaves all radical.—Species 8.<br /> -Some of them are used as salad or in medicine. “Dandelion.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Taraxacum</b> Hall.<br /> -<br /> -17. Fruits compressed.—Species 40, one of them (<i>L. sativa</i> L.) only cultivated.<br /> -They are used as salad and fodder and in medicine; some are poisonous.<br /> -“Lettuce.” (Including <i>Cicerbita</i> Wallr.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lactuca</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits, at least the inner, terete or angular, many-ribbed.—Species 35.<br /> -(Including <i>Anisorhamphus</i> DC. and <i>Barkhousia</i> Moench).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crepis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -18. Fruits much narrowed at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>19<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_547">{547}</a></span>Fruits, at least the inner, not or slightly narrowed and truncate at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>20<br /> -<br /> -19. Stem reduced to a rootstock sometimes prolonged into a short scape.<br /> -Flowers yellow.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dianthoseris</b> Schultz<br /> -<br /> -Stem well developed, not scape-like. (See 17.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crepis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -20. Fruits of two kinds, the inner differing from the outer. Involucral bracts -in many rows, with scarious margins.<span class="spc">  </span>21<br /> -<br /> -Fruits all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>22<br /> -<br /> -21. Outer fruits transversely wrinkled or hairy, inner smooth and glabrous.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them are used medicinally. (Including <i>Heterachaena</i><br /> -Fres., <i>Microrhynchus</i> Less., <i>Rhabdotheca</i> Cass., and <i>Zollikoferia</i><br /> -DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Launaea</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Outer and inner fruits 3-5-furrowed, with crenate ribs, the inner less -deeply furrowed. Pappus-bristles falling away together.—Species 5.<br /> -North and East Africa. Some are used as vegetables. (<i>Picridium</i><br /> -Desf.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Reichardia</b> Roth<br /> -<br /> -22. Fruits obscurely ribbed, not or slightly compressed, angular. Flowers -red, violet, or white. Heads in racemes or panicles.—Species 2.<br /> -Canary Islands and Socotra.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Prenanthes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits distinctly ribbed. Flowers usually yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>23<br /> -<br /> -23. Fruits compressed.—Species 40. Some of them are used as vegetables -or in medicine. “Sowthistle.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sonchus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits terete or angular.—Species 7. North and South Africa and<br /> -Madagascar. Some are used in medicine. “Hawkweed.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hieracium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -24. (10.) Pappus present.<span class="spc">  </span>25<br /> -<br /> -Pappus absent. Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate. Flowers yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>29<br /> -<br /> -25. Receptacle entirely beset with long bristles. Pappus consisting of toothed -or awned scales. Involucral bracts with a scarious appendage.—Species<br /> -5. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Catananche</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous or shortly ciliate, sometimes with some long bristles -in the centre.<span class="spc">  </span>26<br /> -<br /> -26. Involucral bracts hardened at the time of maturity. Flower-heads terminal, -solitary; flowers yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>27<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts not hardened at maturity.<span class="spc">  </span>28<br /> -<br /> -27. Fruits compressed, some of them winged.—Species 3. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hyoseris</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits terete, not winged.—Species 2. North Africa. (Under <i>Leontodon</i><br /> -L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hedypnois</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -28. Flowers yellow. Involucral bracts subequal in length. Fruits 6-8-ribbed.<br /> -Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of scales and bristles.—Species<br /> -12. North and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tolpis</b> Bivona<br /> -<br /> -Flowers blue, red, or white. Involucral bracts unequal in length. Fruits<br /> -5-angled. Pappus consisting of short scales.—Species 6. North and<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_548">{548}</a></span>Central Africa; one of the species also naturalized elsewhere, two of them -only cultivated. The latter yield vegetables, salad, fodder for cattle, -medicaments, and a substitute for coffee. “Chicory.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cichorium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -29. Involucral bracts hardened later on and enclosing the outer fruits. Fruits -linear, the outer spreading.—Species 2. North Africa. Used as -salad.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhagadiolus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts neither hardened nor enclosing the fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>30<br /> -<br /> -30. Fruits linear, incurved at the top, spreading, the ribs beset with short -prickles.—Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Koelpinia</b> Pall.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits oblong-ovate, rounded at the top, compressed, many-streaked, -glabrous.—Species 1. North Africa, also naturalized in the Mascarene<br /> -Islands. Yields salad and is used in medicine. (<i>Lampsana</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lapsana</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -31. (1.) Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers, at or somewhat below the point -of division, thickened or provided with a ring of rather long hairs.<br /> -Involucral bracts in several rows. [Tribes CYNAREAE and ARCTOTIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>32<br /> -<br /> -Styles of the hermaphrodite flowers neither thickened nor provided with a -ring of long hairs at or below the point of division.<span class="spc">  </span>67<br /> -<br /> -32. Outer (ray-) flowers strap-shaped. Anthers not tailed.<span class="spc">  </span>33<br /> -<br /> -Outer flowers not strap-shaped. Anthers usually more or less distinctly -tailed.<span class="spc">  </span>41<br /> -<br /> -33. Involucral bracts free, the inner scarious at the apex. Flower-heads -solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>34<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts united below. [Subtribe <small>GORTERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>35<br /> -<br /> -34. Pappus formed of feathery bristles. Outer involucral bracts leaf-like and -usually prickly. Leaves prickly.—Species 12. North Africa. One -of the species yields gum and is used in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atractylis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of scales sometimes united into a small crown, or wanting.—Species<br /> -85. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Arctotheca</i> Wendl., <i>Cryptostemma</i> R. Br.,<br /> -<i>Damatris</i> Cass., <i>Haplocarpha</i> Less., <i>Landtia</i> Less., <i>Microstephium</i> Less., -and <i>Venidium</i> Less.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arctotis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -35. Involucral bracts united at the base only. Receptacle with deep pits -enclosing the fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>36<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts united to the middle or beyond. Receptacle with more or -less shallow pits not enclosing the fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>38<br /> -<br /> -36. Involucral bracts in two rows, the outer leaf-like and longer than the inner.<br /> -Pappus of feathery-fringed scales. Flower-heads solitary. Leaves -entire or prickly-toothed, often ciliate.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Didelta</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, prickly. Leaves prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>37<br /> -<br /> -37. Pappus formed of scales.—Species 80. South and Central Africa. Some -are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds. (<i>Crocodiloides</i> Adans.,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_549">{549}</a></span>including <i>Stephanocoma</i> Less. and <i>Stobaea</i> Thunb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berkheya</b> Ehrh.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus wanting. Flower-heads solitary. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -15. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cullumia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -38. Involucral bracts united at the base or up to halfway. Fruits clothed -with long hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>39<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts united high up. Receptacle with shallow pits. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>40<br /> -<br /> -39. Receptacle with deep pits. Pappus of two unequally long rows of scales.<br /> -Herbs.—Species 7. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berkheyopsis</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle with shallow pits. Pappus a small crown of bristles or wanting.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hirpicium</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -40. Involucral bracts hardened and prickly at the time of maturity. Pappus -formed of one-ranked scales or wanting. Fruits nearly glabrous.—Species<br /> -4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gorteria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts unchanged at maturity. Pappus formed of usually -two-ranked scales. Fruits clothed with long hairs.—Species 35.<br /> -South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. (<i>Meridiana</i> Hill).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gazania</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -41. (32.) Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Flower-heads collected -in clusters. Flowers red or violet. Corolla-tube short. Leaves -pinnately divided. [Subtribe <small>GUNDELINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>42<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle rarely with scales between the flowers, and then flower-heads -not in clusters.<span class="spc">  </span>43<br /> -<br /> -42. Involucral bracts united below. Pappus crown-shaped. Leaves cauline, -prickly.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gundelia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts free. Pappus of unequal scales. Leaves radical.—Species<br /> -3. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Platycarpha</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -43. Heads 1-flowered, collected in globose secondary heads. Partial involucres -of many bracts and bristles. Flowers blue or white. Anthers -tailed. Pappus present. Leaves toothed or divided.—Species 20.<br /> -Central and North Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Globe-thistle.”<br /> -(<i>Sphaerocephalus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Echinops</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads several-flowered, rarely 1-flowered but not arranged in heads.<span class="spc">  </span>44<br /> -<br /> -44. Fruits with a lateral or at least distinctly oblique point of attachment.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>CENTAUREINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>45<br /> -<br /> -Fruits with a basal, straight or nearly straight point of attachment.<span class="spc">  </span>51<br /> -<br /> -45. Heads surrounded outside the calyx-like involucre by an involucre of -leaves. Leaves prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>46<br /> -<br /> -Heads without an outer involucre of leaves, rarely (<i>Centaurea</i>) surrounded -by some unarmed leaves.<span class="spc">  </span>48<br /> -<br /> -46. Pappus double, of two unequally long rows of bristles. Fruits ribbed.<br /> -Heads containing hermaphrodite and male flowers. Flowers yellow.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa, also naturalized in South Africa. Used -medicinally. (<i>Carbenia</i> Adans.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cnicus</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_550">{550}</a></span>Pappus simple or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>47<br /> -<br /> -47. Pappus of feathery bristles. Flowers blue, all hermaphrodite.—Species<br /> -13. North Africa and northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carduncellus</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of not feathery bristles or scales, or wanting.—Species 15. North<br /> -Africa and northern East Africa; two of the species also naturalized -in South Africa. Some species (chiefly the safflower, <i>C. tinctorius</i> L.) -yield dyes, oil, and medicaments. (Including <i>Kentrophyllum</i> Neck.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carthamus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -48. Fruits with a threefold border towards the top. Pappus of scales and -bristles. Heads containing hermaphrodite and neuter flowers. Flowers -white or yellow. Involucral bracts appendaged. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -1. North-east Africa (Egypt).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zoegea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits with a simple border at the top.<span class="spc">  </span>49<br /> -<br /> -49. Fruits with a crenate ring within the pappus, hairy; pappus of scales and -bristles. Heads containing hermaphrodite and neuter flowers. Flowers -red. Involucral bracts unappendaged. Leaves pinnately divided into -narrow segments.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crupina</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits without a crenate ring within the pappus, or without any pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>50<br /> -<br /> -50. Involucral bracts with a scarious or prickly appendage, rarely without an -appendage, and then pappus consisting of unequally long scales or -double.—Species 90. North and Central Africa; two of the species -naturalized in South Africa. Several species yield edible roots or medicaments -or serve as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Aegialophila</i> Boiss. &<br /> -Heldr., <i>Amberboa</i> DC., <i>Leuzea</i> DC., <i>Melanoloma</i> Cass., <i>Microlonchus</i><br /> -Cass., <i>Phaeopappus</i> Boiss., <i>Rhaponticum</i> Lam., and <i>Volutarella</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centaurea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts without a scarious or prickly appendage, but sometimes -with a small point. Pappus of unequally long bristles.—Species 4.<br /> -North Africa. They yield dyes and medicaments. “Sawwort.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Serratula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -51. (44.) Fruits, at least the central ones, clothed with silky hairs, not margined -at the apex. [Subtribe <small>CARLININAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>52<br /> -<br /> -Fruits glabrous, usually margined at the apex. [Subtribe <small>CARDUINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>56<br /> -<br /> -52. Pappus formed of feathery scales or bristles. Outer bracts of the involucre -leaf-like, usually prickly, inner scarious at the apex. Leaves prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>53<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of not feathery scales.<span class="spc">  </span>54<br /> -<br /> -53. Inner involucral bracts spreading horizontally, petal-like. Flower-heads -large.—Species 7. North Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carlina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Inner involucral bracts not spreading horizontally. Herbs. (See 34.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Atractylis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -54. Heads solitary, containing fertile hermaphrodite disc-flowers with a regular -corolla and sterile female ray-flowers with a two-lipped corolla. Inner -involucral bracts long, usually petal-like. Leaves entire, not prickly.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_551">{551}</a></span>2. North Africa. Used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xeranthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads containing only fertile hermaphrodite flowers. Involucral bracts -prickly. Leaves toothed or divided, prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>55<br /> -<br /> -55. Receptacle deeply pitted. Anthers not tailed. (See 37.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berkheya</b> Ehrh.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle not pitted. Anthers tailed. Heads arranged in cymes.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa. Used medicinally. (<i>Broteroa</i> Willd.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cardopatium</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -56. (51.) Filaments united. Flowers red. Leaves white-stained, prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>57<br /> -<br /> -Filaments free.<span class="spc">  </span>58<br /> -<br /> -57. Heads panicled; the central flowers hermaphrodite, the outer neuter.<br /> -Pappus-bristles feathery.—Species 3. North Africa. (<i>Lupsia</i> Neck.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galactites</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary; all flowers hermaphrodite. Pappus-bristles not feathery.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa; one of the species also naturalized in<br /> -South Africa. Used as vegetables and in medicine.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Silybum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -58. Filaments warty or hairy. Leaves usually prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>59<br /> -<br /> -Filaments glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>62<br /> -<br /> -59. Receptacle deeply pitted, without bristles.—Species 9. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Onopordon</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle slightly or not pitted, bristly.<span class="spc">  </span>60<br /> -<br /> -60. Receptacle fleshy. Flower-heads large, solitary. Leaves divided.—Species<br /> -6. North Africa; one species (<i>C. Scolymus</i> L., artichoke) only -cultivated. They are used as vegetables and in medicine. (Including<br /> -<i>Cynaropsis</i> O. Ktze.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cynara</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle not fleshy.<span class="spc">  </span>61<br /> -<br /> -61. Pappus-bristles feathery.—Species 17. North and Central Africa. Some -are used as vegetables and in medicine. (<i>Cnicus</i> L., including <i>Chamaepeuce</i><br /> -DC., <i>Notobasis</i> Cass., and <i>Picnomon</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cirsium</b> Scop.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles not feathery.—Species 20. North and East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Carduus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -62. Receptacle deeply pitted, ciliate only at the edges of the pits. Pappus of -scales. Involucral bracts united at the base. Flowers yellow. Anthers -not tailed.<span class="spc">  </span>63<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle not or slightly pitted, bristly. Pappus of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>64<br /> -<br /> -63. Involucral bracts in two rows, the outer the longer. (See 36.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Didelta</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, prickly. Leaves prickly. (See<br /> -37.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berkheya</b> Ehrh.<br /> -<br /> -64. Involucral bracts ending in hooked awns. Heads in racemes. Leaves -undivided, unarmed. Herbs.—Species 1. North Africa. Yields -oil and medicaments. “Burdock.” (<i>Lappa</i> Juss.) <i>Arctium</i> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts without hooked awns.<span class="spc">  </span>65<br /> -<br /> -65. Pappus-bristles in one row, not feathery, united below. Flowers red.<br /> -Heads narrow, in corymbs. Leaves undivided, unarmed. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Staehelina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_552">{552}</a></span>Pappus-bristles in several rows, rough or feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>66<br /> -<br /> -66. Pappus-bristles rough. Leaves unarmed. Flowers red.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jurinea</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles feathery. Leaves prickly. (See 61.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cirsium</b> Scop.<br /> -<br /> -67. (31.) Anthers tailed, i.e., produced at the base into two acuminate, awned, -or ciliate appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>68<br /> -<br /> -Anthers not tailed: entire, auricled, or sagittate, rarely shortly mucronate -at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>200<br /> -<br /> -68. Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers irregular, more or less 2-lipped.<span class="spc">  </span>69<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers, at least of the inner ones, regular.<span class="spc">  </span>71<br /> -<br /> -69. Style-branches hairy at the top only. Pappus of scales and bristles.<br /> -Heads containing only hermaphrodite flowers. Herbs.—Species 3.<br /> -Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pegolettia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches hairy far down or throughout their whole length. Pappus -of bristles. Flower-heads solitary. [Tribe MUTISIEAE, subtribe<br /> -<small>MUTISINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>70<br /> -<br /> -70. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite. Trees.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cloiselia</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite and the outer female. Herbs.—Species<br /> -30. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used as ornamental -plants. (Including <i>Perdicium</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gerbera</b> Gronov.<br /> -<br /> -71. Corolla-limb of the hermaphrodite flowers deeply divided. [Tribe MUTISIEAE, -subtribe <small>GOCHNATINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>72<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-limb of the hermaphrodite flowers toothed or cleft, more rarely -flowers unisexual. [Tribes INULEAE and CALENDULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>78<br /> -<br /> -72. Style hairy in the upper part, unappendaged. Fruits clothed with long -silky hairs. Pappus of several rows of bristles. Heads solitary, large; -all flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs. Leaves pinnately cleft.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Warionia</b> Benth. & Coss.<br /> -<br /> -Style appendaged above the hairy part or without hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>73<br /> -<br /> -73. Pappus none. Fruits with 5 ribs thickened above, hairy. Receptacle -with scales between the flowers. Heads with hermaphrodite and male -flowers. Anthers with an appendage at the apex. Herbs.—Species<br /> -2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achyrothalamus</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus consisting of bristles or scales.<span class="spc">  </span>74<br /> -<br /> -74. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Flowers all hermaphrodite, -but the corollas sometimes of two kinds. Fruits glabrous. Pappus -of 4-5 deciduous scales. Herbs. Flower-heads solitary.—Species<br /> -10. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythrocephalum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without scales.<span class="spc">  </span>75<br /> -<br /> -75. Receptacle pitted, with toothed edges to the pits. Corolla of the marginal -flowers strap-shaped. Fruits hairy. Pappus of several rows of scales.<br /> -Herbs. Flower-heads solitary.—Species 2. Central Africa. (<i>Phyllactinia</i><br /> -Benth.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pasaccardoa</b> O. Ktze.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_553">{553}</a></span>Receptacle without pits toothed at the edges.<span class="spc">  </span>76<br /> -<br /> -76. Involucral bracts blunt. Flowers all hermaphrodite. Pappus of several -rows of bristles.—Species 13. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pleiotaxis</b> Steetz<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts pointed.<span class="spc">  </span>77<br /> -<br /> -77. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, but the marginal flowers with<br /> -a 2-lipped corolla. Fruits hairy. Pappus of feathery bristles. Shrubs -with thick branches. Leaves leathery. Heads very large, red-flowered.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oldenburgia</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Heads either with all the flowers hermaphrodite and equal-shaped, or with -neuter marginal flowers. Leaves herbaceous.—Species 35. Tropical -and South Africa. Some species are used medicinally. (Including<br /> -<i>Brachyachaenium</i> Bak. and <i>Hochstetteria</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dicoma</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -78. (71.) Receptacle bearing chaffy scales between the flowers, at least towards -the margin.<span class="spc">  </span>79<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without scales between the flowers, glabrous or hairy.<span class="spc">  </span>114<br /> -<br /> -79. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>80<br /> -<br /> -Heads with the central flowers hermaphrodite or male, the marginal -female or neuter.<span class="spc">  </span>85<br /> -<br /> -80. Pappus of 3-4 minute teeth or ring-shaped or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>81<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles or lacerated scales.<span class="spc">  </span>82<br /> -<br /> -81. Fruits slightly flattened. Involucral bracts scarious. Flower-heads collected -in compound heads.—Species 3. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Polycline</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits 4-angled. Involucral bracts united below, hardening after the time -of flowering. Flower-heads solitary, terminal.—Species 3. North<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anvillea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -82. Pappus of 5 lacerated scales. Heads in corymbs. Leaves mostly 3-lobed.—Species<br /> -1. Southern West Africa (Damaraland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eenia</b> Hiern & Moore<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>83<br /> -<br /> -83. Pappus-bristles in two rows, not feathery. Fruits hairy. Involucral -bracts pungent. Heath-like shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachnospermum</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in one row. Involucral bracts scarious. Not heath-like -plants.<span class="spc">  </span>84<br /> -<br /> -84. Pappus-bristles feathery from the base.—Species 15. South Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helipterum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles feathery only at the tip or not feathery.—Species 300.<br /> -Some of them are used as medicinal or ornamental plants (“everlastings”).<br /> -(<i>Elichrysum</i> Gaertn., including <i>Aphelexis</i> Don).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helichrysum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -85. (79.) Corolla of the marginal flowers strap-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>86<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the marginal flowers thread-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>102<br /> -<br /> -86. Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers blunt or rounded, with the -marginal rows of stigmatic papillae confluent at the tip. Disc-flowers -hermaphrodite, fertile, yellow; ray-flowers yellow or white. [Tribe<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_554">{554}</a></span>INULEAE, subtribe <small>BUPHTHALMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>87<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers usually truncate; marginal -rows of stigmatic papillae not confluent at the tip.<span class="spc">  </span>97<br /> -<br /> -87. Pappus absent.<span class="spc">  </span>88<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present, at least upon the inner fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>89<br /> -<br /> -88. Involucral bracts united at the base. Scales on the receptacle broad.<br /> -(See 81.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anvillea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts free. Scales of the receptacle very narrow.—Species 2.<br /> -Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astephania</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -89. Pappus cup-shaped, minutely toothed.—Species 12.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphacophyllum</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of scales or bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>90<br /> -<br /> -90. Inner fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles, outer without a pappus.<br /> -Receptacle bearing scales at the margin only.—Species 3. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rhanterium</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Inner and outer fruits with a pappus of scales or of scales and bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>91<br /> -<br /> -91. Pappus of the central fruits consisting of outer scales and inner bristles.<br /> -Receptacle bearing scales at the margin only. Fruits 10-ribbed. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. South-west Africa (Kalahari).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Philyrophyllum</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of all fruits consisting of scales, rarely (<i>Anisopappus</i>) of scales -intermingled with some bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>92<br /> -<br /> -92. Involucral bracts with a large scarious appendage. Heads solitary.—Species<br /> -1. German South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ondetia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts without a scarious appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>93<br /> -<br /> -93. Involucral bracts leathery. Corolla of the hermaphrodite flowers deeply<br /> -5-cleft. Heads in cymes.—Species 20. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Geigeria</b> Griesselich<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts herbaceous or membranous. Corolla of the hermaphrodite -flowers 5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>94<br /> -<br /> -94. Corolla-tube of the hermaphrodite flowers thickened, broader than the -limb, corky. Marginal fruits winged. Flower-heads solitary, with an -outer involucre of mucronate leaves.—Species 1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pallenis</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube of the hermaphrodite flowers not thickened, narrower than the -limb.<span class="spc">  </span>95<br /> -<br /> -95. Outer and inner fruits alike, many-ribbed. Pappus-scales unequal.<br /> -Heads in leafy corymbs. Herbs.—Species 6. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisopappus</b> Hook. & Arn.<br /> -<br /> -Outer and inner fruits dissimilar. Heads solitary, terminal.<span class="spc">  </span>96<br /> -<br /> -96. Inner fruits conspicuously compressed. Pappus of a few very unequal -scales. Herbs.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Callilepis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Inner fruits scarcely compressed. Pappus of many subequal scales.—Species<br /> -13. North and Central Africa. <i>O. pygmaeum</i> O. Hoffm. -is one of the hygroscopic plants called “rose of Jericho.” (<i>Asteriscus</i><br /> -Moench)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Odontospermum</b> Neck.<br /> -<br /> -97. (86.) Pappus wanting. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>98<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_555">{555}</a></span>Pappus present.<span class="spc">  </span>99<br /> -<br /> -98. Scales between the flowers bristle-like. Leaves small, pungent, nearly -glabrous.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arrowsmithia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Scales between the flowers not bristle-like. Leaves glandular-hairy.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osmitopsis</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -99. Pappus of the inner fruits formed of scales sometimes united into a small -crown.<span class="spc">  </span>100<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of the inner fruits formed of bristles or of scales and bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>101<br /> -<br /> -100. Involucral bracts in few rows. Style-branches truncate. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -8. South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osmites</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in many rows.—Species 20. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Relhania</b> L’Hér.<br /> -<br /> -101. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of many scales and two awns. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rosenia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of feathery bristles sometimes -intermingled with scales. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 7. South,<br /> -North, and East Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leyssera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -102. (85.) Heads collected in glomerules, heads, or spikes. Female marginal -flowers usually numerous. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe <small>FILAGININAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>103<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary or in cymes, corymbs, or panicles. Female marginal -flowers few. Involucral bracts scarious or ending in a coloured appendage.<br /> -Pappus of the central fruits formed of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>110<br /> -<br /> -103. Marginal or all fruits without a pappus. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>104<br /> -<br /> -Marginal fruits, at least the inner ones, or all fruits provided with a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>106<br /> -<br /> -104. Scales on the receptacle tightly enclosing the marginal fruits. Corolla -of the female flowers inserted laterally upon the ovary. Herbs.—Species<br /> -2. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Micropus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Scales on the receptacle not enclosing the fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>105<br /> -<br /> -105. Central fruits without a pappus. Heads in compound heads. Herbs.—Species<br /> -7. North Africa. (Including <i>Evacidium</i> Pomel)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Evax</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Central fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles. Heads in glomerules -or in spikes. Leaves linear.—Species 10. South and North Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Trichogyne</i> Less.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ifloga</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -106. Pappus of the central fruits consisting of scales, that of the marginal ones -of scales and bristles. Heads in glomerules. Glabrous herbs.—Species<br /> -1. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnarrhena</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of all fruits consisting of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>107<br /> -<br /> -107. Stem herbaceous, woolly or cottony.<span class="spc">  </span>108<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>109<br /> -<br /> -108. Stem winged. Pappus of all fruits formed of one or two rows of bristles.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_556">{556}</a></span>1. Madagascar and Mauritius. (<i>Monenteles</i> Labill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterocaulon</b> Ell.<br /> -<br /> -Stem not winged.—Species 13. North Africa, Abyssinia, and Cape<br /> -Verde Islands. (Including <i>Logfia</i> Boiss. and <i>Xerotium</i> Bluff & Fing.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Filago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -109. Leaves hairy. Heads in glomerules. Female flowers in several rows.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. Island of Mauritius.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cylindrocline</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves glabrous. Heads in compound heads or in spikes. Female -flowers few.—Species 7. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blepharispermum</b> Wight<br /> -<br /> -110. (102.) Heads containing 3-6 female and 1-2 fertile hermaphrodite -flowers and collected in dense cymes arranged in panicles. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -9. Tropical and South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achyrocline</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Heads containing fewer female than hermaphrodite flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>111<br /> -<br /> -111. Hermaphrodite flowers sterile, the inner not subtended by scales. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>112<br /> -<br /> -Hermaphrodite flowers fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>113<br /> -<br /> -112. Female flowers in the axils of the outer involucral bracts and separated -from the hermaphrodite flowers by two rows of inner involucral bracts.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petalactella</b> N. E. Brown<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers in the axils of the inner involucral bracts. Pappus-bristles -thickened or penicillate at the apex.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petalacte</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -113. Scales between the flowers long, deciduous. Shrubs.—Species 3. Tropical -and South-east Africa. (Including <i>Rhynea</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cassinia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Scales between the flowers short, persistent. (See 84.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helichrysum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -114. (78.) Flowers dioecious. Trees or shrubs. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe<br /> -<small>TARCHONANTHINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>115<br /> -<br /> -Flowers hermaphrodite, polygamous, or monoecious, rarely (<i>Anaphalis</i>) -subdioecious, but then herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>117<br /> -<br /> -115. Involucral bracts of the male heads in one row, united below, of the -female in two rows. Pappus none.—Species 3. South and Central<br /> -Africa. They yield timber and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tarchonanthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in several rows. Pappus of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>116<br /> -<br /> -116. Pappus-bristles in one row. Heads in fascicles.—Species 3. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synchodendron</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in two rows. Heads in racemes or panicles.—Species 10.<br /> -Southern and Tropical Africa. Some species yield timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachylaena</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -117. Inner flowers hermaphrodite but sterile (male).<span class="spc">  </span>118<br /> -<br /> -Inner flowers hermaphrodite and fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>134<br /> -<br /> -118. Corolla of the outer flowers strap-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>119<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the outer flowers thread-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>125<br /> -<br /> -119. Pappus consisting of bristles. Shrubs.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Macowania</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>120<br /> -<br /> -120. Receptacle beset with many long bristles. Outer fruits compressed.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_557">{557}</a></span>Shrubs. Leaves pungent. (See 98.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Arrowsmithia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous, rarely bearing some bristles; in this case fruits -turgid. [Tribe CALENDULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>121<br /> -<br /> -121. Marginal fruits of several kinds. Heads solitary, yellow-flowered. Herbs -or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>122<br /> -<br /> -Marginal fruits all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>123<br /> -<br /> -122. Fruits curved. Heads medium-sized.—Species 15. North and South<br /> -Africa and Cape Verde Islands, some also naturalized in St. Helena, -and one species naturalized in the extratropical regions. Some are used -as ornamental plants (marigold) or yield medicaments and a substitute -for saffron.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calendula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits straight. Heads small.—Species 3. South Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Xenisma</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oligocarpus</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -123. Fruits with 3 wings and a cupular apical appendage. Involucral bracts -in one row.—Species 35. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tripteris</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits without distinct wings or other appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>124<br /> -<br /> -124. Involucral bracts in one row or nearly so. Fruits 3-angled, usually tubercled.<br /> -Heads solitary. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 20. South<br /> -Africa to Angola. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dimorphotheca</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 2 or more rows. Marginal flowers yellow. Fruits -thick and hard, smooth or indistinctly ribbed.—Species 60. South -and Central Africa. (Including <i>Gibbaria</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osteospermum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -125. (118.) Heads of two kinds; one kind with nearly all the flowers male, -the other with nearly all female. Pappus of free bristles. Woolly or -cottony herbs. Heads in corymbs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anaphalis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Heads all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>126<br /> -<br /> -126. Female flowers in one row. Involucral bracts scarious, all or the inner -petal-like. Pappus of bristles. Cottony shrubs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>127<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers in several rows.<span class="spc">  </span>128<br /> -<br /> -127. Heads large, solitary.—Species 1. South Africa. Used as an ornamental -plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaenocoma</b> Don<br /> -<br /> -Heads small, in dense cymes.—Species 7. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anaxeton</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -128. Pappus consisting of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>129<br /> -<br /> -Pappus wanting, at least in the marginal fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>131<br /> -<br /> -129. Heads in glomerules arranged in corymbs. Shrubs.—Species 3. Madagascar -and Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monarrhenus</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary or in panicles or corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>130<br /> -<br /> -130. Involucral bracts narrow. Herbs. Species 15. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa. Some species yield camphor and medicaments. (<i>Placus</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blumea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts broad. Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_558">{558}</a></span>15. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Including <i>Tecmarsis</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pluchea</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -131. Inner fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles, outer without a -pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>132<br /> -<br /> -Inner and outer fruits without a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>133<br /> -<br /> -132. Heads in glomerules. Involucral bracts scarious. Corolla-limb of the -female flowers shortly toothed. Pappus-bristles 2-6.—Species 6.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa. (Including <i>Demidium</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphidoxa</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Heads in corymbs. Involucral bracts scarious only at the edges, subequal.<br /> -Corolla-limb of the female flowers two-cleft. Pappus-bristles 1-2.—Species<br /> -2. South and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Denekia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -133. Heads arranged in cymes.—Species 3. Central and South Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Litogyne</i> Harv.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epaltes</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Heads collected in compound heads.—Species 25. Tropical and South<br /> -Africa and Egypt. Some species are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaeranthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -134. (117.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers stigmatose within, -hairy outside from the tips downwards to below the point of division.<span class="spc">  </span>135<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers stigmatose at the edges, -hairy only in their upper part.<span class="spc">  </span>149<br /> -<br /> -135. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>136<br /> -<br /> -Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite or male, the outer female.<span class="spc">  </span>138<br /> -<br /> -136. Pappus wanting; fruits with an indistinctly cupular margin at the apex.<br /> -Heads small, 1-4-flowered, arranged in corymbs. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -2. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apodocephala</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present. Heads medium-sized.<span class="spc">  </span>137<br /> -<br /> -137. Fruits hairy. Pappus of scales. Receptacle bristly. Heads sessile.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). (Under<br /> -<i>Geigeria</i> Griesselich).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thysanurus</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits glabrous. Pappus of bristles. Receptacle glabrous. Heads -stalked. Shrubs.—Species 5. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centauropsis</b> Boj.<br /> -<br /> -138. Corolla of the female (marginal) flowers strap-shaped. Receptacle -pitted. Outer involucral bracts mucronate. Fruits hairy. Pappus -of several rows of bristles. Shrubs. Heads solitary, yellow-flowered.—Species<br /> -1. South-west Africa (Namaland).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eremothamnus</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the female (marginal) flowers thread-shaped. [Tribe INULEAE, -subtribe <small>PLUCHEINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>139<br /> -<br /> -139. Pappus wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>140<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present, at least in the hermaphrodite (central) flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>141<br /> -<br /> -140. Heads arranged in cymes. (See 133.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epaltes</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Heads collected in compound heads. (See 133.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sphaeranthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -141. Inner fruits with a pappus of 1-5 bristles, outer without a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>142<br /> -<br /> -Inner and outer fruits provided with a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>143<br /> -<br /> -142. Pappus of 1-2 bristles feathery at the tip. Corolla-limb of the female -flowers 2-cleft. Heads in corymbs. (See 132.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Denekia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of 3-5 simple bristles. Corolla-limb of the female flowers<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_559">{559}</a></span>4-5-cleft. Heads solitary.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Delamerea</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -143. Pappus of scales united into a small crown. Heads in compound heads -collected in heads of the third order.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Triplocephalum</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles or of scales and bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>144<br /> -<br /> -144. Pappus of scales and bristles. Fruits hairy. Heads in leafy panicles, -red-flowered.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Porphyrostemma</b> Grant<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>145<br /> -<br /> -145. Female flowers in one row. Inner involucral bracts membranous. Heads -in leafy panicles. Undershrubs.—Species 1. Southern West Africa<br /> -(Damaraland). (Under <i>Pluchea</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pechuel-Loeschea</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers in several rows.<span class="spc">  </span>146<br /> -<br /> -146. Fruits compressed. Pappus of 3 bristles. Heads solitary or few together.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nicolasia</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -Fruits terete or angular.<span class="spc">  </span>147<br /> -<br /> -147. Heads in glomerules arranged in corymbs. Shrubs. (See 129.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Monarrhenus</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary or in panicles or corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>148<br /> -<br /> -148. Involucral bracts narrow. Herbs. (See 130.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blumea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts broad. Shrubs or undershrubs, rarely herbs. (See<br /> -130.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pluchea</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -149. (134.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers blunt, or rounded; -marginal rows of stigmatic papillae confluent at the apex. Female<br /> -(marginal) flowers with a strap-shaped corolla, rarely with a tubular -one or wanting. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe <small>INULINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>150<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers usually truncate; marginal -rows of stigmatic papillae not confluent at the apex.<span class="spc">  </span>166<br /> -<br /> -150. Pappus ring-shaped. Heads solitary. Herbs.—Species 3. West<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mollera</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of scales or bristles or of both.<span class="spc">  </span>151<br /> -<br /> -151. Pappus of scales.<span class="spc">  </span>152<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles or of scales and bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>153<br /> -<br /> -152. Pappus-scales 3-5. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, arranged -in panicles. Climbing shrubs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisochaeta</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-scales 10. Heads in leafy panicles. Herbs.—Species 4. Central -and South-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calostephane</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -153. Pappus of sometimes feathery bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>154<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of scales and bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>161<br /> -<br /> -154. Ray-flowers white, blue, or red. Pappus-bristles in several rows. Shrubs.—Species<br /> -7. South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Printzia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Ray-flowers yellow or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>155<br /> -<br /> -155. Ray-flowers sterile. Receptacle pitted. Pappus-bristles in several rows.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cypselodontia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_560">{560}</a></span>Ray-flowers fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>156<br /> -<br /> -156. Pappus of two or more rows of bristles, the outer of which are shorter.<span class="spc">  </span>157<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of subequal bristles sometimes intermingled with a few shorter -ones.<span class="spc">  </span>159<br /> -<br /> -157. Pappus-bristles in 3 or more rows. Heads without ray-flowers.—Species<br /> -10. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iphiona</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in 2 rows.<span class="spc">  </span>158<br /> -<br /> -158. Pappus of 5 inner and 10 outer bristles. Heads without ray-flowers.<br /> -Shrubs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anisothrix</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of 10 inner and 10 outer bristles. Heads with ray-flowers. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Minurothamnus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -159. Heads few-flowered, without ray-flowers, arranged in panicles or corymbs.<br /> -Involucre of few bracts.—Species 2. Egypt. (Under <i>Iphiona</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Varthemia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Heads many-flowered. Involucre of many bracts.<span class="spc">  </span>160<br /> -<br /> -160. Involucral bracts leathery, the outer sticky at the tip. Heads with ray-flowers, -solitary. Pappus-bristles in one row. Glandular-hairy shrubs.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Homochaete</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts herbaceous or the inner scarious.—Species 30. Some of -them yield vermin-poison or are used in medicine. (Including <i>Bojeria</i><br /> -DC., <i>Pentatrichia</i> Klatt, <i>Schizogyne</i> Cass., and <i>Vicoa</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Inula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -161. Pappus-scales united below.<span class="spc">  </span>162<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-scales free.<span class="spc">  </span>163<br /> -<br /> -162. Pappus-bristles about 5. Female marginal flowers wanting. Heads in -corymbs. Shrubs.—Species 2. Canary Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Allagopappus</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles 7 or more. Female marginal flowers present. Heads -solitary at the ends of the branches. Herbs.—Species 30. Some of -them yield vermin-poison or are used in medicine. (Including <i>Francoeuria</i><br /> -Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pulicaria</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -163. Pappus-scales rather broad, fringed. Fruits 10-ribbed. Heads without -ray-flowers. Herbs. (See 69.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pegolettia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-scales very narrow.<span class="spc">  </span>164<br /> -<br /> -164. Fruits constricted into a short neck, 10-ribbed. Heads without ray-flowers.<br /> -Shrubs. Leaves pinnately divided.—Species 3. North<br /> -Africa. (Under <i>Grantia</i> Boiss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Perralderia</b> Coss.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not constricted above. Heads with ray-flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>165<br /> -<br /> -165. Fruits 4-5-ribbed. Pappus-bristles 5-10. Shrubs.—Species 1. Canary<br /> -Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Viraea</b> Webb<br /> -<br /> -Fruits many-ribbed. Pappus-bristles numerous. Undershrubs.—Species<br /> -1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jasonia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -166. (149.) Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>167<br /> -<br /> -Female or neuter marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla or wanting.<br /> -[Tribe INULEAE, subtribes <small>GNAPHALINAE</small> and <small>RELHANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>176<br /> -<br /> -167. Leaves grooved or rolled inwards on the upper side, small. Heath-like -plants. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe <small>RELHANINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>168<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_561">{561}</a></span>Leaves flat or rolled back from the margins. Not heath-like plants.<span class="spc">  </span>172<br /> -<br /> -168. Heads one-flowered, some hermaphrodite, the others female, or 2-flowered -with a hermaphrodite and a female or neuter flower. Pappus of feathery -bristles united at the base. Shrubs.—Species 8. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Disparago</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Heads many-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>169<br /> -<br /> -169. Pappus wanting. Shrubs.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anaglypha</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present.<span class="spc">  </span>170<br /> -<br /> -170. Pappus of numerous scales sometimes united below.—Species 13. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nestlera</b> Spreng.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>171<br /> -<br /> -171. Pappus-bristles feathery. Shrubs.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphiglossa</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles simple. Herbs. Flowers red.—Species 1. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bryomorphe</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -172. Pappus wanting. Inner fruits compressed. Heads solitary. Herbs -or undershrubs. (See 124.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dimorphotheca</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present. [Tribe INULEAE, subtribe <small>ATHRIXINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>173<br /> -<br /> -173. Pappus of the outer fruits consisting of scales, of the inner of bristles -or of scales and bristles. Fruits glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -(See 101.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leyssera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus consisting of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>174<br /> -<br /> -174. Involucral bracts narrow, acuminate. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species<br /> -15. Southern and tropical Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Athrixia</b> Ker<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts blunt, scarious at the apex. Pappus-bristles in two -rows. Shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>175<br /> -<br /> -175. Fruits hairy. Pappus-bristles thick and stiff. Involucre hemispherical.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heterolepis</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits glabrous, but with a hairy swelling at the base. Pappus-bristles -thin. Involucre narrow-campanulate.—Species 3. Central and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Antithrixia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -176. (166.) Hermaphrodite flowers fewer than the female.<span class="spc">  </span>177<br /> -<br /> -Hermaphrodite flowers as many as or more than the female, or all flowers -hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>184<br /> -<br /> -177. Fruits without a pappus. Heads small, in dense cymes. Tall herbs.—Species<br /> -1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chiliocephalum</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits, at least the inner, crowned by a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>178<br /> -<br /> -178. Inner fruits with a pappus of feathery bristles, outer without a pappus.<br /> -Heads small, in glomerules. Low herbs. (See 132.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amphidoxa</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Inner and outer fruits crowned by a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>179<br /> -<br /> -179. Pappus of the inner fruits of bristles and united scales, that of the outer -only of scales united below. Heads solitary. Herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artemisiopsis</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_562">{562}</a></span>Pappus of all fruits formed of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>180<br /> -<br /> -180. Pappus-bristles feathery. Heads in glomerules. Herbs.—Species<br /> -2. South and North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiopogon</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles not feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>181<br /> -<br /> -181. Fruits with a long beak. Herbs. Leaves radical or opposite. Heads -solitary.—Species 1. Island of Tristan da Cunha.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chevreulia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits without a beak.<span class="spc">  </span>182<br /> -<br /> -182. Heads 4-8-flowered, cylindrical, in dense cymes arranged in panicles.<br /> -Undershrubs. (See 110.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achyrocline</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Heads many-flowered, hemispherical ovoid or campanulate.<span class="spc">  </span>183<br /> -<br /> -183. Anthers very shortly tailed. Shrubs or undershrubs. Heads solitary -or in long-stalked glomerules.—Species 15. North and Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phagnalon</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers distinctly tailed. Herbs.—Species 50. “Cudweed.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gnaphalium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -184. (176.) Heads 1-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>185<br /> -<br /> -Heads 2- or more-flowered.<span class="spc">  </span>188<br /> -<br /> -185. Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly female. Pappus of feathery -bristles. Heads in glomerules. Shrubs. (See 168.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Disparago</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Flowers all hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>186<br /> -<br /> -186. Pappus wanting. Heads in glomerules. Shrubs.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Perotriche</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>187<br /> -<br /> -187. Pappus-bristles feathery. Inner involucral bracts scarious. Heath-like -shrubs.—Species 35. Southern and tropical Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stoebe</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles feathery only at the apex or not feathery. Involucral -bracts scarious, coloured. Heads in panicled cymes. Herbs.—Species<br /> -12. Madagascar, Mauritius, and South Africa to Damaraland.<br /> -Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenocline</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -188. Pappus wanting. Heads 2-3-flowered, in leafy corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>189<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>190<br /> -<br /> -189. Leaves small. Undershrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Syncephalum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves rather large. Shrubs. Involucre woolly at the base.—Species 1.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Astephanocarpa</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -190. Pappus-bristles feathery from the base.<span class="spc">  </span>191<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles feathery at the tip only or not feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>192<br /> -<br /> -191. Heads 2-10-flowered. Heath-like shrubs.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pterothrix</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Heads many-flowered. Involucral bracts scarious, coloured. Not heath-like -plants. (See 84.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helipterum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -192. Pappus-bristles in 1 row.<span class="spc">  </span>193<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in 2 or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>197<br /> -<br /> -193. Pappus-bristles with bladdery inflated cells at the tip. Heads small, -in glomerules. Prostrate herbs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriosphaera</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_563">{563}</a></span>Pappus-bristles without bladdery inflated cells.<span class="spc">  </span>194<br /> -<br /> -194. Habit heath-like. Shrubs. Leaves small, grooved or rolled inwards -on the upper face. Flowers all hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>195<br /> -<br /> -Habit not heath-like.<span class="spc">  </span>196<br /> -<br /> -195. Pappus-bristles feathery at the tip, united at the base and surrounded by<br /> -a ring- or cup-shaped rim. Heads few-flowered.—Species 7. South<br /> -Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elytropappus</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles simple or thickened at the tip. Inner involucral bracts -coloured above.—Species 25. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Metalasia</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -196. Fruits large, with 8-10 prominent ribs, glabrous or short-haired. Heads<br /> -2-6-flowered, in panicled cymes. Herbs. (See 187.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stenocline</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits small, not prominently 8-10-ribbed. (See 84.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helichrysum</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -197. Pappus-bristles in 2 rows. Heath-like shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>198<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in 3 or more rows. Not heath-like herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>199<br /> -<br /> -198. Heads few-flowered. Involucre oblong, of oblong bracts. Receptacle -glabrous. Fruits ribbed. Leaves oblong.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cullumiopsis</b> Drake<br /> -<br /> -Heads many-flowered. Involucre top-shaped, of linear bracts. Receptacle -bristly at the margin. Fruits angular, hairy. Leaves linear.<br /> -(See 83.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lachnospermum</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -199. Fruits beaked, hairy. Heads few-flowered. Inner involucral bracts -yellow.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pachyrhynchus</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not beaked, glabrous. Heads in cymes.—Species 8. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leontonyx</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -200. (67.) Hermaphrodite disc-flowers sterile, their style without a stigma -and usually entire or shortly toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>201<br /> -<br /> -Hermaphrodite flowers, at least some of them, fertile.<span class="spc">  </span>238<br /> -<br /> -201. Anthers arrow-shaped, with acuminate halves. Corolla of the marginal -flowers strap-shaped. Fruits glabrous, usually large. Pappus wanting, -rarely cup-shaped. Receptacle glabrous, rarely bristly. [Tribe CALENDULEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>202<br /> -<br /> -Anthers entire or shortly auricled at the base, rarely (<i>Adelostigma</i>) -distinctly arrow-shaped, but then corolla of the marginal flowers -thread-shaped, fruits hairy, and pappus bristly.<span class="spc">  </span>207<br /> -<br /> -202. Outer fruits of several kinds. Heads solitary, yellow-flowered. Herbs -or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>203<br /> -<br /> -Outer fruits all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>204<br /> -<br /> -203. Fruits curved. Heads middle-sized. (See 122.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calendula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits straight. Heads small. (See 122.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oligocarpus</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -204. Fruits with 3 wings and a cup-shaped apical appendage. Involucral -bracts in one row. (See 123.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tripteris</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits without distinct wings or other appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>205<br /> -<br /> -205. Fruits very hard, smooth or indistinctly ribbed. Involucral bracts in two<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_564">{564}</a></span>or more rows. Ray-flowers yellow. (See 124.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Osteospermum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not very hard, 3-angled, usually tubercled. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -Heads solitary.<span class="spc">  </span>206<br /> -<br /> -206. Involucral bracts in one row or in two indistinct rows. (See 124.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dimorphotheca</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in several rows. Ray-flowers blue or white. Leaves -pinnately divided.—Species 6. South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Garuleum</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -207. (201.) Receptacle covered with chaffy scales.<span class="spc">  </span>208<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous or hairy, without scales between the flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>213<br /> -<br /> -208. Heads with the inner flowers male (apparently hermaphrodite), the -outer female and provided with a more or less strap-shaped, rarely a -thread-shaped corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>209<br /> -<br /> -Heads unisexual, some with all the flowers male (apparently hermaphrodite), -the others with all the flowers female and provided with a tubular -corolla or without a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>211<br /> -<br /> -209. Involucral bracts in one row, united below when young. Outer fruits -hairy, without a pappus, the inner with a pappus of numerous one-ranked -bearded bristles. Heads solitary. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Eriocephalus</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiocoma</b> Bolus<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in two or more rows. Pappus of 2-3 bristles or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>210<br /> -<br /> -210. Involucral bracts all alike. Corolla of the female flowers 2-toothed.<br /> -Pappus of the outer fruits of 2-3 bristles. Heads in panicles.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in tropical and South Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Parthenium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts of two kinds, the inner united below. Corolla of the -female flowers entire or 3-toothed. Pappus none. Heads in racemes -or umbels, or solitary.—Species 20. South Africa to Damaraland.<br /> -Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriocephalus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -211. Heads dioecious, many-flowered. Involucral bracts in 3 rows. Corolla<br /> -4-toothed, yellow. Anthers cohering, auricled at the base. Style cleft.<br /> -Fruits hairy. Pappus of 2-3 bristles. Trees. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Heads in leafy panicles.—Species 2. Island of St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petrobium</b> R. Br.<br /> -<br /> -Heads monoecious, the male many-flowered with a 5-toothed corolla, -the female 1-2-flowered with an involucre of partly united bracts, and -without a corolla. Anthers free or slightly cohering, entire at the base.<br /> -Style of the male flowers undivided. Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs.<br /> -[Tribe HELIANTHEAE, subtribe <small>AMBROSINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>212<br /> -<br /> -212. Involucral bracts of the male heads free. Filaments united. Female heads<br /> -2-flowered. Heads solitary or in glomerules in the axils of the leaves.—Species<br /> -4. North and Central Africa and Mascarene Islands; naturalized -in South Africa. They yield dyes and medicaments and are noxious<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_565">{565}</a></span>to pasturing cattle.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Xanthium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts of the male heads united below. Filaments free or nearly -so. Female heads 1-flowered. Male heads in spikes or racemes.—Species<br /> -2. Northern and tropical Africa; naturalized in South Africa.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ambrosia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -213. (207.) Pappus of the outer fruits ring-, crown-, or ear-shaped, sometimes -produced into two small points, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>214<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of the outer fruits consisting of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>223<br /> -<br /> -214. Pappus of the inner fruits of bristles, of the outer of 1-2 small points or -wanting. Involucral bracts in few rows. Receptacle pitted. Corolla -of the female flowers strap-shaped. Style cleft, with lanceolate appendages.<br /> -Fruits flattened. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire.—Species<br /> -8. South Africa. (<i>Heteractis</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnostephium</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of all fruits alike or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>215<br /> -<br /> -215. Outer flowers with a strap-shaped corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>216<br /> -<br /> -Outer flowers with a tubular corolla or without a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>220<br /> -<br /> -216. Corolla of the outer flowers very shortly strap-shaped, of the inner 4-toothed, -yellow in all flowers. Involucral bracts in two rows.—Species<br /> -40. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including<br /> -<i>Brocchia</i> Vis. and <i>Cenia</i> Juss.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the outer flowers distinctly strap-shaped. Involucral bracts -rarely in two rows, and then corolla of the inner flowers 5-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>217<br /> -<br /> -217. Involucral bracts in one row and united at the base. Corolla-limb of the -hermaphrodite (male) central flowers bell-shaped, 5-cleft. Style-branches -of the same ending in a blunt appendage. Fruits flattened, -without ribs. Branching herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads -solitary.—Species 4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Steirodiscus</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in two or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>218<br /> -<br /> -218. Involucral bracts in two rows. Corolla of the marginal flowers red, of the -central yellow, the latter 5-toothed. Style-branches of the hermaphrodite<br /> -(male) flowers pointed. Fruits beaked, without ribs. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves undivided, radical. Heads solitary.—Species 1. Island of<br /> -Tristan da Cunha.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lagenophora</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Corolla of the marginal flowers -white, yellow, or blue, more rarely red, but then style-branches of the -hermaphrodite (male) flowers truncate and fruits ribbed.<span class="spc">  </span>219<br /> -<br /> -219. Style of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers with pointed branches or -undivided. Corolla of the marginal flowers blue, rarely white. Fruits -wrinkled or smooth. Branching herbs or undershrubs. Leaves pinnately -divided. (See 206.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Garuleum</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Style of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers with truncate branches. Corolla -of the marginal flowers white, yellow, or red. Fruits 5-10-ribbed.—Species<br /> -50. North Africa, Abyssinia, Madagascar, and South Africa.<br /> -Some species yield condiments, medicaments, or insect-poison, or serve<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_566">{566}</a></span>as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Argyranthemum</i> Webb, <i>Ismelia</i> Cass.,<br /> -<i>Leucanthemum</i> DC., <i>Monoptera</i> Schultz, <i>Myconia</i> Neck., <i>Pinardia</i> Cass.,<br /> -<i>Plagius</i> L’Hér., <i>Preauxia</i> Schultz, <i>Prolongoa</i> Boiss., <i>Pyrethrum</i> Gaertn., -and <i>Tanacetum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysanthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -220. Corolla of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers 2-4-toothed, of the female<br /> -2-3-toothed, entire, or wanting. Involucral bracts in two rows.<br /> -Herbs. Flowers yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>221<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the hermaphrodite (male) flowers 5-toothed, of the female 2-4-toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>222<br /> -<br /> -221. Heads sessile between the leaves. Female flowers in several rows, without<br /> -a corolla. Outer fruits winged, with a persistent style. Leaves divided.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the Island of Madeira.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Soliva</b> Ruiz & Pav.<br /> -<br /> -Heads stalked, at the ends of the branches. (See 216.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -222. Heads in corymbs. Involucral bracts in two rows. Fruits with marginal -ribs or wings. Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 4. South Africa.<br /> -Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hippia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads not in corymbs. Involucral bracts in several rows. Fruits without -strong ribs.—Species 20. Some of them (especially <i>A. Absinthium</i><br /> -L., wormwood) are used as ornamental or medicinal plants, as pot-herbs, -or for preparing liquors and vinegar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artemisia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -223. (213.) Pappus of 1 or 2 rows of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>224<br /> -<br /> -Pappus, at least that of the outer fruits, of 3 or more rows of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>233<br /> -<br /> -224. Pappus-bristles feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>225<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles not feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>226<br /> -<br /> -225. Corolla of all flowers yellow. Small shrubs.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Homochroma</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the marginal flowers white or red, of the central ones yellow.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs.—Species 13. South Africa. Used as ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mairia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -226. Involucral bracts in one row, sometimes surrounded by some much -shorter ones. Herbs or undershrubs. Heads in corymbs or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>227<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in two rows and all nearly of the same size, or in 3 or -more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>228<br /> -<br /> -227. Involucral bracts united at the base. Style of the hermaphrodite (male) -flowers undivided. Inner fruits without a pappus.—Species 3. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnodiscus</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts free. Style cleft.—Species 45. Southern and tropical<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cineraria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -228. Corolla of the female marginal flowers thread-shaped. Herbs. Heads -solitary on the ends of the branches. Style of the central flowers entire -or shortly toothed.<span class="spc">  </span>229<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the female marginal flowers, at least of the outer ones, strap-shaped, -rarely (<i>Psiadia</i>) thread-shaped, but then shrubs, heads in<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_567">{567}</a></span>corymbs, and style of the central flowers 2-cleft.<span class="spc">  </span>230<br /> -<br /> -229. Involucral bracts in two rows. Corolla of the hermaphrodite (male) -flowers 4-toothed. Anthers entire at the base. Fruits compressed, -glabrous. (See 216.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Corolla of the hermaphrodite<br /> -(male) flowers 5-toothed. Anthers arrow-shaped. Fruits nearly terete, -hairy.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adelostigma</b> Steetz<br /> -<br /> -230. Corolla of the female marginal flowers yellow, thread- or shortly strap-shaped.<br /> -Fruits scarcely compressed, 3-6-ribbed. Shrubs. Heads -in corymbs.—Species 40. Tropics. Some are used as pot-herbs.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psiadia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the female marginal flowers white, red or blue, strap-shaped.<br /> -Fruits compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>231<br /> -<br /> -231. Stem woody, at least at the base. Marginal flowers in 1-2 rows. Pappus-bristles -usually in one row.—Species 65. South and Central Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Asterosperma</i> Less.,<br /> -<i>Detris</i> Adans., and <i>Diplopappus</i> DC., under <i>Aster</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Felicia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous.<span class="spc">  </span>232<br /> -<br /> -232. Involucral bracts in 2 rows, membranous. Marginal flowers usually in -several rows, with a linear corolla. Style-branches with a mostly short -triangular appendage. Pappus-bristles usually in one row.—Species<br /> -13, one of them only naturalized. Several species are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erigeron</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Marginal flowers in 1-2 rows, -with a usually oblong corolla. Style-branches with a lanceolate appendage.<br /> -Pappus-bristles in two rows.—Species 10. South and<br /> -North Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -(Including <i>Linosyris</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aster</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -233. (223.) Involucral bracts in several rows. (See 232.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aster</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in one row, but sometimes surrounded by some much -smaller ones.<span class="spc">  </span>234<br /> -<br /> -234. Heads of two kinds, some with most of the flowers hermaphrodite (male), -the others with most of them female. Corolla red or white; limb shortly -strap-shaped in the female flowers. Herbs. Leaves radical, broad.<br /> -Heads in racemes or corymbs.—Species 1. North Africa. Used as -an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Petasites</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Heads all alike.<span class="spc">  </span>235<br /> -<br /> -235. Female marginal flowers in several rows. Corolla yellow; limb long -strap-shaped in the female flowers. Herbs. Leaves radical, broad.<br /> -Heads solitary.—Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally. “Coltsfoot.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tussilago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Female marginal flowers in one row.<span class="spc">  </span>236<br /> -<br /> -236. Inner fruits without a pappus, outer with a pappus of interwoven hairs.<br /> -Style 2-cleft. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads solitary.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruckeria</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_568">{568}</a></span>Inner and outer fruits with a pappus of bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>237<br /> -<br /> -237. Style of the central flowers 2-cleft. Involucral bracts finally free.<br /> -Undershrubs.—Species 7. South and North Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants. (<i>Othonnopsis</i> Jaub. et Spach)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hertia</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Style of the central flowers undivided. Involucral bracts more or less -united.—Species 110. South Africa and southern Central Africa.<br /> -Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including <i>Doria</i> Less.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Othonna</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -238. (200.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers rather long, semi-cylindrical, -covered with stigmatic papillae on the inner surface, with -hairs on the outer; hairs also clothing the upper part of the style below -the point of division. Anthers more or less arrow-shaped.<span class="spc">  </span>239<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers with marginal rows of -stigmatic papillae, hairy only in their upper part, more rarely down to the -point of division; no hairs on the upper part of the style below that -point.<span class="spc">  </span>262<br /> -<br /> -239. Heads with inner hermaphrodite and outer female flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>240<br /> -<br /> -Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, rarely (<i>Vernonia</i>) subdioecious -by incomplete development of one sex.<span class="spc">  </span>242<br /> -<br /> -240. Female marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla. Style-branches -blunt. Pappus of bristles. Herbs.—Species 17. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Laggera</b> Schultz.<br /> -<br /> -Female marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla. Flowers yellow.<br /> -Receptacle pitted.<span class="spc">  </span>241<br /> -<br /> -241. Pappus of scales. Involucral bracts united at the base. Leaves prickly.<br /> -(See 37.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berkheya</b> Ehrh.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles. Involucral bracts free. Shrubs. Heads solitary.<br /> -(See 138.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eremothamnus</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -242. Flowers yellow.<span class="spc">  </span>243<br /> -<br /> -Flowers white, red, or blue.<span class="spc">  </span>244<br /> -<br /> -243. Pappus of scales. Involucral bracts united at the base. Leaves prickly.<br /> -(See 37.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Berkheya</b> Ehrh.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles. Involucral bracts free.—Species 7. Central Africa.<br /> -(Including <i>Autunesia</i> O. Hoffm. and <i>Newtonia</i> O. Hoffm., under <i>Vernonia</i><br /> -Schreb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gongrothamnus</b> Steetz<br /> -<br /> -244. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Leaves linear or lanceolate.<span class="spc">  </span>245<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous, rarely ciliate, bristly, or with toothed borders to the -pits, without scales between the flowers. Style-branches rather long -and pointed. [Tribe VERNONIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>247<br /> -<br /> -245. Heads solitary. Scales between the flowers membranous. Style-branches -rather long and pointed. Pappus of unequally broad scales.—Species<br /> -1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dewildemania</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Heads in corymbs. Scales between the flowers with a coloured appendage.<br /> -Style-branches short, blunt or somewhat pointed. Pappus of scales<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_569">{569}</a></span>united into a toothed cup.<span class="spc">  </span>246<br /> -<br /> -246. Outer involucral bracts longer than the inner. Corolla slightly irregular.<br /> -Leaves linear, sessile, glabrous.—Species 1. Southern West Africa<br /> -(Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Omphalopappus</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Outer involucral bracts shorter than the inner. Corolla regular. Leaves -lanceolate, short-stalked, short-haired.—Species 1. Southern West<br /> -Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gossweilera</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -247. Heads in dense glomerules or heads, few-flowered. Involucral bracts in -several rows of two bracts each. Corolla 5-cleft. Fruits 10-ribbed.<br /> -Pappus of 1-2 rows of bristles or narrow scales. Herbs.—Species 5.<br /> -Tropics. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Elephantopus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads not in dense glomerules or heads. [Subtribe <small>VERNONINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>248<br /> -<br /> -248. Pappus wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>249<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present.<span class="spc">  </span>251<br /> -<br /> -249. Heads 1-4-flowered, in corymbs. Involucre oblong. Fruits with an -indistinctly cup-shaped border at the top. Shrubs. (See 136.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apodocephala</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>250<br /> -<br /> -250. Fruits truncate at the top, 4-5-ribbed.—Species 5. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ethulia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits rounded at the top.—Species 10. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gutenbergia</b> Schultz<br /> -<br /> -251. Pappus ear- or cup-shaped, entire or nearly so. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>252<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of scales or bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>253<br /> -<br /> -252. Pappus auricle-like. Heads in cymes. Leaves linear.—Species 1.<br /> -East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hoehnelia</b> Schweinf.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus cup-shaped. Heads solitary or in fascicles.—Species 1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sparganophorus</b> Vaill.<br /> -<br /> -253. Pappus of one row of scales and sometimes some bristles within them.<span class="spc">  </span>254<br /> -<br /> -Pappus only of bristles or of several rows of bristles with some small -scales outside them.<span class="spc">  </span>257<br /> -<br /> -254. Pappus-scales 5, long and narrow. Fruits 5-ribbed. Corolla white.<br /> -Involucral bracts in two rows. Heads in panicles. Shrubs.—Species 1.<br /> -West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Msuata</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-scales short. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>255<br /> -<br /> -255. Pappus-scales 5. Fruits 4-ribbed, glabrous. Corolla violet. Receptacle -pitted; pits with toothed borders. Heads many-flowered, in glomerules.—Species<br /> -3. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ageratina</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-scales more than 5. Receptacle not pitted.<span class="spc">  </span>256<br /> -<br /> -256. Heads one-flowered, in corymbs. Involucral bracts in two rows. Fruits -cylindrical, hairy. Pappus-scales united below. Leaves linear, with -parallel veins.—Species 10. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Corymbium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads several-flowered. Involucral bracts in several rows. Fruits<br /> -3-5-angled, glandular. Pappus-scales free or nearly so.—Species<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_570">{570}</a></span>4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Herderia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -257. Pappus of caducous, usually one-ranked bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>258<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of persistent, several-ranked bristles or of bristles and scales.<span class="spc">  </span>260<br /> -<br /> -258. Pappus surrounded by a wavy ring. Fruits 5-ribbed. Heads 4-5-flowered, -in corymbs. Shrubs.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Volkensia</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus not surrounded by a wavy ring. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>259<br /> -<br /> -259. Outer involucral bracts leaf-like, much larger than the inner. Fruits -blunt, 8-10-ribbed.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centratherum</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Outer involucral bracts, like the inner, scale-like. Fruits 4-5-angled.—Species<br /> -30. Central and South Africa. (Including <i>Bothriocline</i> Oliv. -and <i>Stephanolepis</i> S. Moore)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erlangea</b> Schultz<br /> -<br /> -260. Leaves unarmed.—Species 330. Tropical and South Africa. Some of -the species yield wood or medicaments. (Including <i>Bechium</i> DC.,<br /> -<i>Cyanopis</i> Blume, and <i>Decaneurum</i> DC.) (Plate 150.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Vernonia</b> Schreb.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves prickly.<span class="spc">  </span>261<br /> -<br /> -261. Heads axillary. Stem branched, woody at the base. Fruits hairy.—Species<br /> -2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hoplophyllum</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Heads terminal. Stem not branched, herbaceous throughout. Fruits -many-ribbed.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aedesia</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -262. (238.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers rather long, semi-cylindrical, -usually blunt; the lower part bearing scarcely projecting -and not recurved marginal rows of stigmatic papillae, the upper part -subequally clothed with hairs on both sides. Flowers all hermaphrodite, -red, blue or whitish. [Tribe EUPATORIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>263<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers rather flat, bearing conspicuous -marginal rows of stigmatic papillae sometimes confluent in -the middle, and above them either a crown of rather long hairs, with or -without shorter ones, or an appendage clothed with dense hairs on -the outer face, scantily haired or not hairy on the inner; more rarely -style-branches almost uniformly clothed with hairs, but then rows of -stigmatic papillae curved outwards or confluent in the middle, or flowers -yellow or partly female.<span class="spc">  </span>266<br /> -<br /> -263. Anthers without an apical appendage. Fruits angular, glandular, without -prominent ribs. Pappus of 3-5 bristles. Herbs. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Heads in panicles.—Species 2. Tropical and South Africa. Used -medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Adenostemma</b> Forst.<br /> -<br /> -Anthers with an apical appendage. Pappus of numerous bristles or of -scales. [Subtribe <small>AGERATINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>264<br /> -<br /> -264. Pappus of 5-10 scales. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads in panicles.—Species<br /> -1. Used as an ornamental or medicinal plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ageratum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_571">{571}</a></span>Pappus of numerous bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>265<br /> -<br /> -265. Involucral bracts 4-5. Heads few-flowered, in panicles. Leaves opposite.—Species<br /> -10. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally.<br /> -(<i>Willugbaeya</i> Neck.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mikania</b> Willd.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts 6 or more.—Species 6. Four species indigenous to<br /> -North and Central Africa, the other two naturalized in Madagascar and -the Mascarenes. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eupatorium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -266. (262.) Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers bearing in the lower -part marginal, finally reflexed rows of stigmatic papillae, in the upper -part on the outer, more rarely also the inner surface, short subequal -hairs. [Tribe ASTEREAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>267<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers stigmatose at the margins -or on the inner surface, bearing in the upper part or at the top only a -crown of rather long hairs sometimes joined above or below or in both -directions by shorter ones.<span class="spc">  </span>301<br /> -<br /> -267. Female or neuter marginal flowers with a bell-, tube-, thread-, or very -shortly strap-shaped corolla not overtopping the involucre.<span class="spc">  </span>268<br /> -<br /> -Female or neuter marginal flowers with a distinctly strap-shaped corolla -overtopping the involucre, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>276<br /> -<br /> -268. Pappus of scales or few short bristles, or wanting. Corolla of the marginal -flowers bell-, tube-, or thread-shaped. Herbs. [Subtribe <small>GRANGEINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>269<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of long bristles. Corolla of the marginal flowers thread- or -strap-shaped. [Subtribe <small>CONYZINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>272<br /> -<br /> -269. Pappus wanting, rarely some minute bristles on the central fruits. Fruits -compressed.—Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Some species -yield condiments and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dichrocephala</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present.<span class="spc">  </span>270<br /> -<br /> -270. Pappus formed of bristles. Fruits subterete.—Species 1. Central<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microtrichia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus cup-shaped or consisting of scales.<span class="spc">  </span>271<br /> -<br /> -271. Receptacle with scales between the flowers.—Species 1. Central Africa -and Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ceruana</b> Forsk.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle without scales between the flowers.—Species 3. Tropics to<br /> -Egypt. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grangea</b> Adans.<br /> -<br /> -272. Fruits turgid. Involucral bracts in many rows, membranous. Heads -in panicles. Shrubs.—Species 13. Tropical and South Africa. Some -species are used as vegetables or salad.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microglossa</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>273<br /> -<br /> -273. Female flowers in one row. Pappus-bristles deciduous. Shrubs or -undershrubs. Leaves linear. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches.—Species<br /> -6. South and North Africa. (<i>Leptothamnus</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nolletia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_572">{572}</a></span>Female flowers in two or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>274<br /> -<br /> -274. Corolla of the marginal flowers strap-shaped, but shorter than the style, -or thread-shaped, yellowish or whitish.—Species 80. Some of them -yield condiments, medicaments, or insect-poison. (<i>Marsea</i> Adans., -including <i>Webbia</i> Schultz).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Conyza</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the marginal flowers strap-shaped, longer than the style. Involucral -bracts in two rows. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>275<br /> -<br /> -275. Ray-flowers yellow. Heads in corymbs.—Species 35. Southern and -tropical Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Nidorella</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Ray-flowers red or white. (See 232.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erigeron</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -276. (267.) Ray-flowers yellow, sometimes reddish when old, or wanting.<br /> -Pappus of bristles. [Subtribe <small>SOLIDAGININAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>277<br /> -<br /> -Ray-flowers white, blue, or red.<span class="spc">  </span>289<br /> -<br /> -277. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite; the inner flowers sometimes -sterile.<span class="spc">  </span>278<br /> -<br /> -Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite and surrounded by one row -of female or neuter marginal flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>286<br /> -<br /> -278. Involucral bracts in one row or in two very unequal rows (the outer of -much smaller bracts). Fruits 5-10-ribbed. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>279<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in two subequal rows or in 3 or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>280<br /> -<br /> -279. Hairy appendages of the style-branches short. Pappus of bristles.<br /> -Leaves radical.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Psednotrichia</b> Hiern<br /> -<br /> -Hairy appendages of the style-branches long. Pappus of hairs. Leaves -alternate.—Species 20. Tropical and South-west Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Crassocephalum</i> Moench, under <i>Senecio</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gynura</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -280. Pappus-bristles in 1 row. Shrubs. Leaves linear. Heads in leafy -corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>281<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in 2 or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>282<br /> -<br /> -281. Fruits turgid, 5-ribbed.—Species 1. South Africa (Orange River Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentheriella</b> O. Hoffm. & Muschler<br /> -<br /> -Fruits compressed.—Species 15. South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysocoma</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -282. Pappus-bristles in 2 very unequal rows, the outer of very short, sometimes -scale-like bristles. Fruits compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>283<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles in 2 subequal rows or in 3 or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>284<br /> -<br /> -283. Outer pappus-bristles scale-like. Hairy appendages of the style-branches -linear, obtuse. Herbs. Leaves opposite.—Species 2. Southern<br /> -West Africa. (<i>Adenogonum</i> Welw.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Engleria</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Outer pappus-bristles hair-like. Hairy appendages of the style-branches -lanceolate. Shrubs.—Species 5. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Fresenia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -284. Stem woody, shrubby.—Species 55. South Africa to Damaraland.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pteronia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous. Fruits compressed. Pappus-bristles in 2 or 3 rows.<span class="spc">  </span>285<br /> -<br /> -285. Leaves decurrent. Flowers yellow. Heads in corymbs. Species 2.<br /> -South Africa. (Under <i>Chrysocoma</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Heteromma</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_573">{573}</a></span>Leaves not decurrent. (See 232.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aster</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -286. (277.) Marginal rows of stigmatic papillae confluent at the rounded apex of -the style-branches. Flower-heads large. Involucre broad, of many rows -of bracts. Pappus-bristles in 2-3 rows. Herbs.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alciope</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Marginal rows of stigmatic papillae not confluent at the apex of the -style-branches. Heads small or middle-sized. Involucre oblong or -campanulate.<span class="spc">  </span>287<br /> -<br /> -287. Involucral bracts subequal, in 2 rows. Pappus-bristles numerous, -unequal. Heads in panicles. Shrubs. Leaves marked with pellucid -dots.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Glycideras</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts unequal, in 3 or more rows.<span class="spc">  </span>288<br /> -<br /> -288. Involucre broad-campanulate. Fruits 4-5-ribbed. Pappus-bristles in -one row, intermixed with some shorter ones. Shrubs.—Species 3.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Rochonia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucre narrow-campanulate or oblong. Fruits 8-12-ribbed. Herbs.<br /> -Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -“Goldenrod.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Solidago</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -289. (276.) Pappus indistinct or wanting. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>290<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of the central fruits formed of bristles or of scales and bristles.<br /> -[Subtribe <small>ASTERINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>292<br /> -<br /> -290. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. Appendages of the style-branches -linear, hairy all round. Involucral bracts membranous.<br /> -Leaves dissected.—Species 1. Tropics.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysanthellum</b> Rich.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous. Appendages of the style-branches triangular or -lanceolate, hairy on the outer face only. [Subtribe <small>BELLIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>291<br /> -<br /> -291. Involucral bracts scarious at the margin.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Brachycome</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts herbaceous throughout. Leaves undivided.—Species<br /> -5. North Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<br /> -“Daisy.”<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bellis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -292. Inner fruits with a pappus of one-ranked feathery bristles, outer without<br /> -a pappus. Ray-flowers blue. Herbs.—Species 1. South Africa.<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Charieis</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Inner and outer fruits provided with a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>293<br /> -<br /> -293. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting of scales and bristles, that of the -outer of scales only. Receptacle usually scaly. Heads solitary, -terminating the branches. Herbs.—Species 12. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amellus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of all fruits consisting of bristles or of scales and bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>294<br /> -<br /> -294. Pappus of 3-5 bristles intermixed with as many minute scales. Ray-flowers -white. Heads solitary on leafless scapes. Herbs.—Species 1.<br /> -North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bellium</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of many bristles sometimes surrounded by some minute scales.<span class="spc">  </span>295<br /> -<br /> -295. Pappus-bristles feathery. Herbs or undershrubs. (See 225.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mairia</b> Nees<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_574">{574}</a></span>Pappus-bristles not feathery.<span class="spc">  </span>296<br /> -<br /> -296. Fruits compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>297<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not compressed. Heads in corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>300<br /> -<br /> -297. Fruits with 3-4 nerves on each side. Gummiferous shrubs or trees.—Species<br /> -4. Island of St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Commidendron</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits with 1-2 nerves on each side or without nerves. Herbs, undershrubs, -or non-gummiferous shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>298<br /> -<br /> -298. Stem woody, at least at the base, rarely herbaceous throughout and then -much branched at the base. Involucral bracts scarious at the edge, -usually in several rows. Marginal flowers in 1-2 rows, with a strap-shaped -corolla. Hairy appendages of the style-branches lanceolate.<br /> -Pappus-bristles in one row, rarely surrounded by a second of much shorter -bristles. (See 231.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Felicia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous, not much branched at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>299<br /> -<br /> -299. Involucral bracts membranous, in 2 rows. Marginal flowers usually in -several rows, the outer with a narrow-linear corolla, the inner sometimes -with a tubular one. Hairy appendages of the style-branches usually -short, triangular. Pappus-bristles in 1 row, rarely in 2 rows. (See<br /> -232.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erigeron</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts herbaceous or scarious at the edges, in 3 or more rows.<br /> -Marginal flowers in 1-2 rows, with a more or less strap-shaped, usually -oblong corolla. Hairy appendages of the style-branches lanceolate.<br /> -Pappus-bristles in 2 or 3 rows. (See 232.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aster</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -300. Involucral bracts in 2 rows. Receptacle convex. Marginal flowers in 1 -row, with a white, 3-toothed corolla. Fruits hairy. Pappus-bristles -in one row. Downy undershrubs.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Henricia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Receptacle flat. Marginal flowers -in 2 rows, with an entire corolla. Fruits glabrous. Pappus-bristles in<br /> -2 rows. Trees with blackish hairs.—Species 1. Island of St. Helena.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melanodendron</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -301. (266.) Pappus consisting of thin, hair-like, simple or toothed, but not -feathery bristles, rarely outer fruits without a pappus. Receptacle -without scales between the flowers. [Tribe SENECIONEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>302<br /> -<br /> -Pappus consisting of strong, awn-like or feathery bristles, or of scales -sometimes united into a crown, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>316<br /> -<br /> -302. Involucral bracts united below, one-ranked. [Subtribe <small>OTHONNINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>303<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts free, at least at and after the time of flowering. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>SENECIONINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>306<br /> -<br /> -303. Involucral bracts slightly united at the base. Inner disc-flowers sterile.<br /> -Marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla. Fruits hairy. Inner -disc-fruits without a pappus, the other fruits with a pappus of numerous -interwoven hairs. Perennial, nearly stem-less herbs. Leaves pinnately -dissected. Heads solitary on a long scape. (See 236.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ruckeria</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts obviously united below. Disc-flowers all fertile.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_575">{575}</a></span>Pappus on all fruits. Heads on a short scape or a branched stem.<span class="spc">  </span>304<br /> -<br /> -304. Stem woody, at least at the base. Heads stalked. Marginal flowers -with a strap-shaped corolla. Fruits 10-ribbed. Pappus of several -rows of caducous bristles.—Species 40. South and Central Africa.<br /> -Some species yield a resin.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Euryops</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Stem herbaceous throughout.<span class="spc">  </span>305<br /> -<br /> -305. Stem annual, branched. Heads small. Corolla-lobes with a strong -midnerve. Fruit 5-ribbed. Pappus of few caducous bristles.—Species<br /> -3. Central and South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oligothrix</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Stem perennial, short and scape-like or branched; in the latter case -pappus-bristles persistent. Heads medium-sized, solitary. Corolla-lobes -without a strong midnerve.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Werneria</b> H. B. & Kunth<br /> -<br /> -306. Female marginal flowers with a tubular or filiform corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>307<br /> -<br /> -Female marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>311<br /> -<br /> -307. Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows, imbricate, with scarious borders.<br /> -Female marginal flowers in several rows. Fruits without ribs. Heads -solitary or in glomerules, yellow-flowered. (See 183.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phagnalon</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows.<span class="spc">  </span>308<br /> -<br /> -308. Female marginal flowers in 2 or more rows. Fruits 5-angled or 10-ribbed.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves scattered. Heads in corymbs, narrow.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erechthites</b> Raf.<br /> -<br /> -Female marginal flowers in 1 row.<span class="spc">  </span>309<br /> -<br /> -309. Stem herbaceous. Leaves nearly all radical, orbicular-cordate. Outer -fruits without a pappus.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stilpnogyne</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves mostly cauline.<span class="spc">  </span>310<br /> -<br /> -310. Leaves densely crowded, small. Heads solitary, terminating the branches.<br /> -Involucral bracts leaf-like.—Species 1. Island of Réunion.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eriothrix</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves scattered. Heads in corymbs.—Species 4. Madagascar and<br /> -Mascarenes.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Faujasia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -311. Receptacle hemispherical. Involucral bracts in 2-3 rows, subequal.<br /> -Ray-flowers yellow. Fruits 10-ribbed. Herbs. Heads solitary or -several together, on long stalks.—Species 7. North Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Doronicum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle flat or slightly convex.<span class="spc">  </span>312<br /> -<br /> -312. Involucral bracts with a leaf-like appendage along the median nerve,<br /> -1-nerved. Receptacle pitted. Ray-flowers none. Style-branches with<br /> -a crown of longer hairs in the middle of the hairy part. Fruits many-nerved.<br /> -Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire.—Species 8. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lopholaena</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts without an appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>313<br /> -<br /> -313. Involucral bracts in 3 or more rows. Ray-flowers present. Style-branches -rounded, almost uniformly clothed with hairs. Herbs. (See<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_576">{576}</a></span>286.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Alciope</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, rarely (<i>Senecio</i>) indistinctly arranged in<br /> -3 or more rows, but then style-branches with a crown of longer hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>314<br /> -<br /> -314. Style-branches with an awl-shaped hairy appendage, without a distinct -crown of longer hairs. Ray-flowers wanting. Herbs. (See 279.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gynura</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Style-branches truncate with a terminal tuft of hairs or with a hairy -appendage overtopping a crown of longer hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>315<br /> -<br /> -315. Fruits, at least the outer, distinctly compressed. Style-branches truncate, -ending in a tuft of hairs. Herbs or undershrubs. Heads in corymbs.<br /> -(See 227.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cineraria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not distinctly compressed, 5-10-ribbed.—Species 500. Some -of them are used as vegetables, as food for birds, or as ornamental or -medicinal plants. (Including <i>Brachyrhynchos</i> Less., <i>Cacalia</i> L. partly,<br /> -<i>Emilia</i> Cass., <i>Kleinia</i> DC., <i>Lachanodes</i> DC., <i>Mesogramma</i> DC., <i>Notonia</i><br /> -DC., and <i>Pladaroxylon</i> Hook. fil.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Senecio</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -316. (301.) Involucral bracts, at least the inner, scarious at the tip and the -edges. Pappus of minute scales, crown- or ear-shaped or wanting.<br /> -Style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers truncate, with a terminal -crown of hairs.<span class="spc">  </span>317<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts rarely scarious at the edges, and then pappus of rather -large scales or bristles, or style-branches of the hermaphrodite flowers -ending in a hairy appendage.<span class="spc">  </span>356<br /> -<br /> -317. Anthers arrow-shaped; halves pointed at the base. Involucral bracts -in 1-2 rows. Receptacle glabrous. Female marginal flowers in one -row, with a strap-shaped corolla. Inner fruits flattened, outer 3-edged.<br /> -Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Heads long-stalked. (See 124.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dimorphotheca</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Anthers not arrow-shaped; halves blunt or rounded at the base. [Tribe<br /> -ANTHEMIDEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>318<br /> -<br /> -318. Receptacle with scales between the flowers. [Subtribe <small>ANTHEMIDINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>319<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous or hairy, without scales between the flowers. [Subtribe<br /> -<small>CHRYSANTHEMINAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>331<br /> -<br /> -319. Receptacle-scales hairy in the middle, glabrous at the base and apex.<br /> -Ray-flowers yellow. Fruits cylindrical, without a pappus. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves pinnately divided. Heads seated between 2-6 (usually 5) -branches of the much-branched cyme.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<br /> -Used as an ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cladanthus</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle-scales hairy throughout their whole length or at the top only, -or glabrous. Heads solitary or in glomerules, corymbs, or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>320<br /> -<br /> -320. Corolla-tube with a basal appendage adnate to the ovary. Corolla persistent.<br /> -Ray-flowers none. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves entire.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_577">{577}</a></span>Heads in corymbs.—Species 1. North Africa. Used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Diotis</b> Desf.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube with appendages which are free from the ovary, or without -any appendages.<span class="spc">  </span>321<br /> -<br /> -321. Fruits clothed with long wool, 8-10-ribbed. Ray-flowers white or -violet. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. Heads solitary, terminating -the branches.—Species 3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lasiospermum</b> Lag.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not woolly.<span class="spc">  </span>322<br /> -<br /> -322. Fruits much compressed. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>323<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not or scarcely compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>325<br /> -<br /> -323. Fruits, at least the outer, broadly winged. Leaves alternate, pinnately -divided.—Species 10. North Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anacyclus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not or indistinctly winged, without a pappus.<span class="spc">  </span>324<br /> -<br /> -324. Leaves alternate, toothed or pinnately divided.—Species 7. North<br /> -Africa; one species also naturalized in South Africa. Some are used as -ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Achillea</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite, at least the lower, entire. Ray-flowers neuter, white.—Species<br /> -2. North-west Africa. (<i>Fradinia</i> Pomel, under <i>Cladanthus</i><br /> -Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mecomischus</b> Benth. & Hook.<br /> -<br /> -325. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire. Shrubs. Ray-flowers present.<span class="spc">  </span>326<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>327<br /> -<br /> -326. Heads collected in compound heads. Pappus of the inner fruits consisting -of scales sometimes united into a small crown.—Species 4. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Oedera</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. Pappus wanting.—Species<br /> -4. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eumorphia</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -327. Stem herbaceous. Leaves toothed or pinnately divided.<span class="spc">  </span>328<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, at least at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>329<br /> -<br /> -328. Heads without ray-flowers. Corolla-tube regular. Pappus crown-shaped.<br /> -Leaves toothed. Heads in dense corymbs.—Species 1. North Africa.<br /> -<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><b>Lonas</b> Adans.</span><br /> -<br /> -Heads with ray-flowers, more rarely without, but then pappus auricle-shaped -or wanting. Corolla-tube compressed, often with appendages.<br /> -Heads stalked, terminating the branches.—Species 30. North and<br /> -Central Africa; one species naturalized in South Africa. Some are used -as medicinal plants (camomile). (Including <i>Chamaemelum</i> Cass.,<br /> -<i>Ormenis</i> Cass., <i>Perideraea</i> Webb, and <i>Rhetinolepis</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anthemis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -329. Ribs of the fruits produced into unequal scales or strong awns. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves pinnatifid. Heads in corymbs.—Species 4. Canary Islands.<br /> -(Including <i>Hymenolepis</i> Schultz and <i>Lugoa</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gonospermum</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Ribs of the fruits not produced into scales or awns. Heads without ray-flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>330<br /> -<br /> -330. Corolla-tube with a more or less distinct appendage at the base, usually<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_578">{578}</a></span>compressed. Pappus wanting. Heads long-stalked. Under-shrubs.<br /> -Leaves pinnatipartite.—Species 6. Central and North-west Africa.<br /> -Some of the species are used as ornamental or medicinal plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Santolina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-tube without an appendage, not compressed. Fruits 5-angled.<br /> -Heads in usually dense corymbs.—Species 55. Southern and tropical<br /> -Africa. (Including <i>Bembycodium</i> Kunze and <i>Oligodora</i> DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Athanasia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -331. (318.) Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite.<span class="spc">  </span>332<br /> -<br /> -Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter.<span class="spc">  </span>343<br /> -<br /> -332. Flowers 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>333<br /> -<br /> -Flowers 5-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>336<br /> -<br /> -333. Involucral bracts in several rows, the outer shorter. Fruits 4-angled, -glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves dissected. Heads rather -small.—Species 6. South and East Africa. (Under <i>Tanacetum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schistostephium</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows, nearly equal.<span class="spc">  </span>334<br /> -<br /> -334. Pappus ring- or crown-shaped. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants<br /> -(camomile). (Including <i>Chamaemelum</i> Vis., <i>Chlamydophora</i> Ehrenb.,<br /> -<i>Courrantia</i> Schultz, and <i>Otospermum</i> Willk.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Matricaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>335<br /> -<br /> -335. Stem herbaceous. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. (See<br /> -216.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves entire. Heads in corymbs. Fruits -compressed, glabrous.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Peyrousea</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -336. Heads in leafy racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not -corymb-like) panicles. Pappus wanting. (See 222.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artemisia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary or in corymbs.<span class="spc">  </span>337<br /> -<br /> -337. Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows, nearly equal. Herbs. Leaves pinnately -divided. (See 334.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Matricaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in several rows, the outer ones shorter.<span class="spc">  </span>338<br /> -<br /> -338. Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. (See 219.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysanthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Stem woody, shrubby.<span class="spc">  </span>339<br /> -<br /> -339. Leaves opposite. Pappus wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>340<br /> -<br /> -Leaves alternate.<span class="spc">  </span>341<br /> -<br /> -340. Heads in corymbs. Involucral bracts in few rows. Fruits with 12-15 -ribs. Leaves usually forked.—Species 2. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gymnopentzia</b> Benth.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary, seated between lateral tufts of leaves. Involucral bracts -in many rows. Fruits 3-4-ribbed. Leaves entire, connate in pairs -at the base.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Asaemia</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -341. Leaves toothed, lobed, or divided. Fruits 5-ribbed.—Species 20.<br /> -South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pentzia</b> Thunb.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_579">{579}</a></span>Leaves entire.<span class="spc">  </span>342<br /> -<br /> -342. Heads in corymbs. Central flowers sterile. Pappus none.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stilpnophytum</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Heads few together at the ends of the branches. Flowers all fertile.—Species<br /> -3. South Africa. (Including <i>Adenosolen</i> DC. and <i>Brachymeris</i><br /> -DC.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marasmodes</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -343. (331.) Female or neutral marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla -or without a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>344<br /> -<br /> -Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>350<br /> -<br /> -344. Hermaphrodite flowers 4-merous. Herbs or undershrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>345<br /> -<br /> -Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Marginal flowers with a corolla.<span class="spc">  </span>349<br /> -<br /> -345. Involucral bracts of two kinds, the outer four broad and membranous, -the inner numerous, longer and narrower, scarious. Marginal flowers -in one row, without a corolla. Corolla of the central flowers with a -large appendage enclosing the fruit. Pappus none. Leaves opposite.<br /> -Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches.—Species 2. South<br /> -Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Otochlamys</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts equal or nearly so.<span class="spc">  </span>346<br /> -<br /> -346. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows, the outer shorter. Marginal flowers with<br /> -a corolla. Outer fruits compressed and hairy, the inner 4-angled, -glabrous. Leaves fan-shaped or pinnately divided. (See 333.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Schistostephium</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, about equal.<span class="spc">  </span>347<br /> -<br /> -347. Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches. (See 216.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads sessile or arranged in racemes or corymbs. Marginal flowers with<br /> -a corolla. Leaves undivided.<span class="spc">  </span>348<br /> -<br /> -348. Female flowers in one row.—Species 1. Island of Rodrigues.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Abrotanella</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Female flowers in several rows. Pappus wanting.—Species 1. Tropics.<br /> -(<i>Myriogyne</i> Less.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Centipeda</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -349. Heads in racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not corymb-like) -panicles. Involucral bracts in few rows. Marginal flowers in one -row. Fruits without ribs and without a pappus. (See 222.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Artemisia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Heads solitary or in corymbs. (See 219.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysanthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -350. (343.) Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, the outer much -shorter.<span class="spc">  </span>351<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in few rows, about equal in length.<span class="spc">  </span>352<br /> -<br /> -351. Leaves decurrent, undivided. Herbs. Heads in corymbs. Hermaphrodite -flowers 5-merous. Fruits glandular-hairy. Pappus of scales.—Species<br /> -1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lepidostephium</b> Oliv.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves not decurrent. (See 219.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrysanthemum</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -352. Involucral bracts broad. Herbs. Leaves dissected.<span class="spc">  </span>353<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts narrow. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, -toothed, lobed, or cleft. Corolla-limb of the ray-flowers elongate,<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_580">{580}</a></span>entire.<span class="spc">  </span>354<br /> -<br /> -353. Corolla of the ray-flowers yellow, very shortly strap-shaped. Fruits -compressed, 1-2-ribbed, without a pappus. Heads solitary on long -stalks thickened above. (See 216.).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cotula</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla of the ray-flowers white, usually long strap-shaped. Fruits -usually several-ribbed and provided with a pappus. (See 334.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Matricaria</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -354. Ray-flowers fertile. Disc-flowers 5-merous. Fruits 8-10-ribbed, glandular-warted.<br /> -Leaves linear or divided into 3 linear segments.—Species<br /> -7. South Africa. (Including <i>Adenachaena</i> DC. and <i>Iocaste</i> E. Mey.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phymaspermum</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Ray-flowers sterile. Disc-flowers 4-merous.<span class="spc">  </span>355<br /> -<br /> -355. Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers acuminate. Involucre campanulate.<br /> -Heads short-stalked. Leaves linear, entire. Shrubs.—Species 2.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thaminophyllum</b> Harv.<br /> -<br /> -Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers not acuminate. Involucre hemispherical.<br /> -Heads long-stalked. Leaves lobed or cleft. Undershrubs.—Species 3.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lidbeckia</b> Berg<br /> -<br /> -356. (316.) Receptacle with scales between the flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>357<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle glabrous, rarely hairy, without scales between the flowers.<span class="spc">  </span>383<br /> -<br /> -357. Pappus of 5-6 large scales sometimes intermixed with bristles. Fruits<br /> -10-ribbed, not compressed. Involucral bracts in several rows, scarious -at the edges. Ray-flowers in one row, neuter, with a yellow, strap-shaped -corolla. Style-branches truncate, with a terminal crown of hairs.<br /> -Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed or pinnately -divided. Heads solitary or in lax panicles.—Species 65. South Africa -and Abyssinia. (Including <i>Sphenogyne</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ursinia</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus wanting or crown-shaped or consisting of bristles or minute -scales, rarely of 1-2 or 8-16 larger scales. Involucral bracts rarely -scarious at the edges. Leaves usually opposite. [Tribe HELIANTHEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>358<br /> -<br /> -358. Pappus of feathery bristles. Fruits hairy, angular. Involucral bracts -subequal, in 2-3 rows. Ray-flowers yellow, with a strap-shaped corolla.<br /> -Prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, broad, toothed. Heads on long -stalks.—Species 1. Naturalized in South Africa, Madagascar, and -the neighbouring islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tridax</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of simple (not feathery) bristles or of scales sometimes united -into a crown, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>359<br /> -<br /> -359. Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, formed of 8-16 rather large, fringed -scales. Fruits angular. Receptacle conical. Marginal flowers in one -row, white, fertile, rarely wanting. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, -embracing the outer fruits. Heads small, hemispherical.—Species 1.<br /> -Naturalized in East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Galinsoga</b> Ruiz & Pav.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of minute scales or of 1-2 larger scales or of bristles, or<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_581">{581}</a></span>crown-shaped, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>360<br /> -<br /> -360. Female or neuter marginal flowers persisting in the fruit, with a strap-shaped -corolla. Receptacle conical. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads -on long stalks.—Species 1. Naturalized in various regions. Ornamental -plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Zinnia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Female or neuter marginal flowers falling off before maturity or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>361<br /> -<br /> -361. Inner fruits compressed from front to back. Scales on the receptacle -between the flowers flat or convex, not keeled. Female or neuter -marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. [Subtribe<br /> -COREOPSIDINAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>362<br /> -<br /> -Inner fruits not or laterally compressed. [Subtribe <small>VERBESININAE</small>.]<span class="spc">  </span>368<br /> -<br /> -362. Pappus formed of 2-6 barbed bristles (which are armed with minute -reflexed prickles). Herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed or divided.<span class="spc">  </span>363<br /> -<br /> -Pappus formed of bristles which are not barbed, at least on the inner -fruits, or ring-shaped, or wanting.<span class="spc">  </span>364<br /> -<br /> -363. Fruits beaked. Ray-flowers red.—Species 1. Naturalized in Madagascar -and the Mascarene Islands.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cosmos</b> Cav.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not beaked. Ray-flowers, if present, yellow or white.—Species<br /> -20. Some of them are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds.<br /> -(Including <i>Kerneria</i> Moench)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Bidens</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -364. Involucral bracts 3-6. Marginal flowers female. Corolla glabrous -at the base. Pappus of the inner fruits of 2-3 awns. Herbs. Leaves -opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>365<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts numerous, in two rows.<span class="spc">  </span>366<br /> -<br /> -365. Involucral bracts partly herbaceous, partly membranous. Outer fruits -winged. Heads several together in the leaf-axils.—Species 1. Naturalized -in Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Synedrella</b> Gaertn.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts herbaceous. Fruits all similar, not winged. Heads -solitary.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Calyptrocarpus</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -366. Involucral bracts free, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous.<br /> -Ray-flowers female. Corolla hairy at the base. Pappus none. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. Heads solitary or in cymes, -stalked.—Species 8. Central Africa. One of the species yields oil -from the seeds (ramtil-oil).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Guizotia</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts more or less united. Corolla glabrous at the base.<span class="spc">  </span>367<br /> -<br /> -367. Ray-flowers female. Fruits oblong, many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus a -minutely toothed crown. Herbs. Leaves opposite, divided. Heads in -panicles.—Species 1. Abyssinia.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Microlecane</b> Schultz<br /> -<br /> -Ray-flowers neuter or wanting. Pappus of two teeth or awns, or ring-shaped, -or wanting.—Species 50. Central Africa. Some are used as -ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Coreopsis</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -368. (361.) Inner fruits much compressed laterally. Pappus of two awns or -wanting. Receptacle convex, conical, or cylindrical. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>369<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_582">{582}</a></span>Inner fruits slightly or not compressed.<span class="spc">  </span>370<br /> -<br /> -369. Fruits winged. Receptacle convex. Involucre as long as the disc.<br /> -Heads in lax corymbs. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones.—Species<br /> -1. Naturalized in the tropics and in Egypt. Used medicinally.<br /> -(<i>Ximenesia</i> Cass.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Verbesina</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Fruits not winged. Receptacle elongated. Involucre much shorter -than the disc. Heads solitary. Leaves opposite.—Species 1. Tropical -and South-east Africa. Yields condiments and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spilanthes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -370. Inner involucral bracts embracing the outer fruits. Pappus wanting.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>371<br /> -<br /> -Inner involucral bracts not embracing the outer fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>372<br /> -<br /> -371. Female marginal flowers in one row. Heads in panicles.—Species 5.<br /> -Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Siegesbeckia</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a strap-shaped corolla.<br /> -Heads solitary, sessile. Marsh plants.—Species 1. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Enydra</b> Lour.<br /> -<br /> -372. Receptacle-scales wholly enclosing the fruits. Pappus ring-shaped or -wanting. Flowers all hermaphrodite with a tubular corolla or the -marginal neuter with a strap-shaped corolla. Receptacle convex or -conical. Herbs.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerocarpus</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle-scales partly or not enclosing the fruits.<span class="spc">  </span>373<br /> -<br /> -373. Receptacle-scales very narrow, nearly bristle-like. Pappus wanting.<br /> -Marginal flowers in two rows, with a strap-shaped corolla. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves opposite. Heads solitary or in pairs.—Species 2. They yield -dye-stuffs, salad, and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eclipta</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Receptacle-scales broad or rather broad, convex or keeled.<span class="spc">  </span>374<br /> -<br /> -374. Pappus wanting. Heads containing hermaphrodite and female flowers.<br /> -Herbs. Leaves opposite.<span class="spc">  </span>375<br /> -<br /> -Pappus present.<span class="spc">  </span>376<br /> -<br /> -375. Inner flowers 4-merous, outer with a very shortly strap-shaped corolla-limb.<br /> -Fruits 4-angled. Leaves oblong. Heads in groups of three.—Species<br /> -1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Micractis</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Inner flowers 5-merous, outer with a rather long strap-shaped corolla-limb.<br /> -Fruits 2-3-angled. Leaves ovate.—Species 15. Tropical and<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wedelia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -376. Pappus ring-shaped. Fruits 4-angled. Receptacle flat. Receptacle-scales -slit. Heads in corymbs; all flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs.<br /> -Leaves alternate.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Temnolepis</b> Bak.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus cup-shaped or formed of scales and bristles. Herbs or undershrubs<span class="spc">  </span>377<br /> -<br /> -377. Pappus of free, caducous bristles or scales.<span class="spc">  </span>378<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of bristles united at the base, or cup-shaped with or without free<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_583">{583}</a></span>bristles.<span class="spc">  </span>379<br /> -<br /> -378. Pappus-bristles 1-4, more or less broadened below. Heads large.<br /> -Ray-flowers neuter.—Species 3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized.<br /> -Used as ornamental plants (sunflower) and yielding edible tubers, -dye-stuffs, and oily seeds from which bread may be prepared.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helianthus</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus-bristles thin, usually numerous. Heads middle-sized. Receptacle -convex. Receptacle-scales acuminate. Leaves opposite.—Species 17.<br /> -Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including <i>Lipotriche</i> R. Br.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Melanthera</b> Rohr<br /> -<br /> -379. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in corymbs. Receptacle -convex. Receptacle-scales with a coloured appendage. Anthers -arrow-shaped. Fruits 5-ribbed. Pappus a toothed cup. Leaves -alternate, linear. (See 246.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Omphalopappus</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter.<span class="spc">  </span>380<br /> -<br /> -380. Marginal flowers neuter, with a strap-shaped corolla. Leaves opposite.—Species<br /> -40. Tropics. Some are used medicinally.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aspilia</b> Thouars<br /> -<br /> -Marginal flowers female.<span class="spc">  </span>381<br /> -<br /> -381. Marginal flowers with a tubular or shortly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus -of 2-5 unequal bristles united at the base. Leaves, at least the lower, -opposite.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Blainvillea</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Marginal flowers with a distinctly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus cup-shaped, -with or without awns. Heads stalked.<span class="spc">  </span>382<br /> -<br /> -382. Leaves alternate. Fruits 4-5-angled, many-ribbed.—Species 6.<br /> -Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Epallage</b> DC.<br /> -<br /> -Leaves opposite. Fruits 2-3-angled, with indistinct angles. (See 375.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Wedelia</b> Jacq.<br /> -<br /> -383. (356.) Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a yellow, thread-shaped,<br /> -2-3-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in several rows, imbricate, -with scarious edges. Fruits without ribs. Pappus of one row of -bristles. Leaves alternate, undivided. Heads solitary or in glomerules.<br /> -(See 183.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phagnalon</b> Cass.<br /> -<br /> -Female or neuter marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped, rarely<br /> -a tubular but 4-toothed corolla, or wanting. [Tribe HELENIEAE.]<span class="spc">  </span>384<br /> -<br /> -384. Female marginal flowers with a tubular, 4-toothed corolla. Involucral -bracts in 4-5 rows. Receptacle pitted. Pappus of scales. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves alternate. Heads in panicles.—Species 1. Southern West<br /> -Africa (Angola).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Welwitschiella</b> O. Hoffm.<br /> -<br /> -Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting.<br /> -Heads solitary or in glomerules.<span class="spc">  </span>385<br /> -<br /> -385. Receptacle bristly. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows. Anthers arrow-shaped, -the halves pointed at the base. Pappus of scales. Herbs.<br /> -Leaves alternate or radical. Heads solitary.—Species 1. Naturalized -in Central Africa. An ornamental plant.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gaillardia</b> Foug.<br /> -<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_584">{584}</a></span>Receptacle glabrous, rarely (<i>Tagetes</i>) ciliate at the edges of the pits.<span class="spc">  </span>386<br /> -<br /> -386. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, -entire. Heads solitary.—Species 9. Central Africa. (Including<br /> -<i>Hypericophyllum</i> Steetz).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Jaumea</b> Pers.<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows.<span class="spc">  </span>387<br /> -<br /> -387. Involucral bracts free.<span class="spc">  </span>388<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts united below. Heads solitary. Anthers entire at the -base or with blunt halves.<span class="spc">  </span>390<br /> -<br /> -388. Involucral bracts numerous. Heads many-flowered. Female marginal -flowers numerous. Anthers arrow-shaped, the halves pointed at the -base. Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate or -all radical. Heads solitary. (See 124.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dimorphotheca</b> Moench<br /> -<br /> -Involucral bracts 2-6. Heads few-flowered. Female marginal flowers -solitary or wanting. Anthers entire at the base or with blunt halves.<br /> -Heads in glomerules.<span class="spc">  </span>389<br /> -<br /> -389. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves opposite.—Species 2. Naturalized -in Egypt and Eritrea. They yield dyes and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Flaveria</b> Juss.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of slit scales. Small shrubs. Leaves alternate.—Species 1.<br /> -South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Phaeocephalus</b> S. Moore<br /> -<br /> -390. Pappus wanting. Fruits 5-10-ribbed. Leaves alternate.—Species 15.<br /> -South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Gamolepis</b> Less.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of scales or bristles. Herbs.<span class="spc">  </span>391<br /> -<br /> -391. Pappus of 3-6 scales. Fruits scarcely ribbed. Leaves opposite, pinnately -divided.—Species 3. Naturalized. Ornamental plants, also -yielding dyes and medicaments.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tagetes</b> L.<br /> -<br /> -Pappus of numerous bristles or slit scales. Fruit 10-12-ribbed. Leaves -alternate, undivided.—Species 1. South Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cadiseus</b> E. Mey.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_585">{585}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="STATISTICAL_TABLE"></a>STATISTICAL TABLE</h2> - -<p class="c">showing the number of Genera and Species and the Geographical -Distribution of each Family.</p> - -<pre> -====================++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============++============= - || Whole || Africa || Africa || North || Central || Malagasy || South - || Earth || (in all) ||(indigenous) || Africa || Africa || Islands || Africa -====================++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+====== -Cycadaceae || 9 | 85 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || | || 1 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 15 -Ginkgoaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Taxaceae || 11 | 100 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3 -Pinaceae || 26 | 260 || 6 | 25 || 5 | 25 || 5 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3 -Gnetaceae || 3 | 45 || 3 | 8 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 5 || 3 | 5 || | || | ---------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ -Gymnospermae || 50 | 500 || 14 | 65 || 13 | 65 || 7 | 20 || 7 | 20 || 3 | 3 || 4 | 20 ---------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ -Typhaceae || 1 | 9 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 -Pandanaceae || 3 | 240 || 1 | 65 || 1 | 65 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 50 || | -Sparganiaceae || 1 | 15 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | -Potamogetonaceae || 9 | 100 || 8 | 35 || 8 | 35 || 8 | 20 || 4 | 20 || 6 | 20 || 4 | 5 -Naiadaceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 10 || 1 | 10 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 7 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 -Aponogetonaceae || 1 | 20 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 20 || | || 1 | 8 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 9 -Scheuchzeriaceae || 5 | 15 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 3 -Alismataceae || 12 | 75 || 9 | 15 || 9 | 15 || 4 | 5 || 8 | 10 || 4 | 4 || | -Butomaceae || 4 | 7 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | -Hydrocharitaceae || 15 | 65 || 10 | 40 || 10 | 40 || 4 | 4 || 9 | 35 || 8 | 10 || 1 | 1 -Triuridaceae || 2 | 25 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | -Gramineae || 373 | 3700 || 205 | 1600 || 199 | 1600 || 108 | 380 || 130 | 850 || 66 | 200 || 80 | 460 -Cyperaceae || 77 | 3000 || 40 | 880 || 40 | 880 || 9 | 90 || 25 | 490 || 26 | 270 || 28 | 350 -Palmae || 169 | 1200 || 36 | 100 || 33 | 100 || 3 | 4 || 13 | 40 || 24 | 60 || 2 | 2 -Cyclanthaceae || 6 | 45 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Araceae || 115 | 1100 || 33 | 150 || 28 | 140 || 6 | 10 || 21 | 120 || 6 | 6 || 3 | 10 -Lemnaceae || 3 | 25 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 10 || 2 | 4 || 3 | 5 -Flagellariaceae || 3 | 7 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 -Restionaceae || 23 | 250 || 12 | 230 || 12 | 230 || | || 1 | 1 || | || 12 | 230 -Centrolepidaceae || 7 | 40 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Mayacaceae || 1 | 7 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1|| | || | -Xyridaceae || 2 | 55 || 1 | 40 || 1 | 40 || | || 1 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 8 -Eriocaulaceae || 9 | 570 || 4 | 80 || 4 | 80 || | || 4 | 60 || 3 | 15 || 2 | 10 -Thurniaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Rapateaceae || 7 | 25 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | -Bromeliaceae || 57 | 920 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | -Commelinaceae || 29 | 320 || 12 | 160 || 12 | 160 || 1 | 5 || 12 | 140 || 6 | 25 || 5 | 20 -Pontederiaceae || 6 | 20 || 3 | 5 || 3 | 5 || | || 3 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | -Cyanastraceae || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || | || 1 | 5 || | || | -Philydraceae || 3 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Juncaceae || 8 | 280 || 3 | 55 || 3 | 55 || 2 | 30 || 2 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 30 -Stemonaceae || 3 | 8 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Liliaceae || 228 | 2600 || 79 | 1450 || 75 | 1450 || 27 | 130 || 37 | 600 || 22 | 65 || 52 | 880 -Haemodoraceae || 9 | 30 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || | || | || 4 | 6 -Amaryllidaceae || 83 | 950 || 33 | 310 || 29 | 300 || 6 | 20 || 16 | 110 || 5 | 15 || 19 | 190 -Velloziaceae || 2 | 70 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 25 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 9 -Taccaceae || 2 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 2 || | -Dioscoreaceae || 10 | 240 || 2 | 45 || 2 | 45 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 15 -Iridaceae || 60 | 1100 || 39 | 600 || 37 | 600 || 5 | 30 || 13 | 120 || 6 | 10 || 32 | 500 -Musaceae || 6 | 85 || 4 | 25 || 3 | 20 || | || 1 | 15 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 4 -Zingiberaceae || 41 | 900 || 11 | 120 || 7 | 110 || | || 4 | 110 || 4 | 6 || 1 | 3 -Cannaceae || 1 | 40 || 1 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | -Marantaceae || 27 | 290 || 12 | 60 || 11 | 55 || | || 11 | 55 || 2 | 2 || | -Burmanniaceae || 18 | 60 || 4 | 15 || 4 | 15 || | || 4 | 10 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 -Orchidaceae || 500 | 7400 || 97 | 1600 || 97 | 1600 || 14 | 50 || 55 | 900 || 56 | 370 || 37 | 430 ---------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ -Monocotyledonae || 1944 |26000 || 681 | 7800 || 650 | 7750 || 206 | 800 || 381 | 3850 || 261 | 1200 || 298 | 3200 ---------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ -Casuarinaceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || 1 | 2 || | -Saururaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Piperaceae || 9 | 1100 || 3 | 80 || 3 | 80 || | || 3 | 40 || 2 | 40 || 2 | 7 -Chloranthaceae || 4 | 35 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Lacistemaceae || 1 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Salicaceae || 2 | 200 || 2 | 20 || 2 | 20 || 2 | 12 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3 -Garryaceae || 1 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Myricaceae || 1 | 55 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 13 -Balanopsidaceae || 2 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Leitneriaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Juglandaceae || 6 | 40 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | -Batidaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Julianiaceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Betulaceae || 6 | 90 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | -Fagaceae || 5 | 370 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || | || | || | -Ulmaceae || 15 | 120 || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || 2 | 2 || 4 | 20 || 3 | 10 || 3 | 7 -Moraceae || 70 | 1000 || 26 | 260 || 19 | 250 || 1 | 5 || 15 | 200 || 9 | 65 || 1 | 12 -Urticaceae || 43 | 580 || 20 | 150 || 19 | 150 || 4 | 13 || 17 | 75 || 11 | 55 || 9 | 20 -Proteaceae || 55 | 1000 || 13 | 400 || 13 | 400 || | || 3 | 50 || 2 | 2 || 12 | 360 -Myzodendraceae || 1 | 10 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Santalaceae || 26 | 250 || 6 | 140 || 6 | 140 || 2 | 5 || 3 | 55 || 2 | 3 || 5 | 90 -Opiliaceae || 7 | 25 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || | || 2 | 15 || | || 1 | 1 -Grubbiaceae || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || 1 | 4 -Olacaceae || 27 | 160 || 11 | 70 || 11 | 70 || | || 9 | 55 || 4 | 13 || 1 | 1 -Octoknemataceae || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 3 || | || | -Loranthaceae || 26 | 900 || 4 | 300 || 4 | 300 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 240 || 3 | 45 || 2 | 40 -Balanophoraceae || 14 | 50 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || 2 | 3 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 3 -Aristolochiaceae || 6 | 200 || 1 | 30 || 1 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 1 -Rafflesiaceae || 7 | 25 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 -Hydnoraceae || 2 | 10 || 1 | 8 || 1 | 8 || | || 1 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 2 -Polygonaceae || 34 | 800 || 9 | 120 || 8 | 120 || 5 | 50 || 5 | 45 || 2 | 20 || 4 | 45 -Chenopodiaceae || 76 | 450 || 26 | 120 || 25 | 120 || 24 | 75 || 12 | 40 || 3 | 6 || 9 | 40 -Amarantaceae || 56 | 500 || 32 | 200 || 32 | 200 || 8 | 17 || 28 | 140 || 12 | 35 || 18 | 50 -Nyctaginaceae || 20 | 170 || 5 | 30 || 3 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 6 -Cynocrambaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | -Phytolaccaceae || 22 | 120 || 5 | 15 || 4 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 4 | 8 || 3 | 4 || 2 | 8 -Aizoaceae || 24 | 600 || 20 | 480 || 20 | 480 || 6 | 10 || 14 | 45 || 6 | 12 || 20 | 440 -Portulacaceae || 18 | 210 || 6 | 35 || 6 | 35 || 1 | 2 || 2 | 13 || 2 | 5 || 5 | 20 -Basellaceae || 5 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | -Caryophyllaceae || 79 | 1500 || 45 | 280 || 45 | 280 || 37 | 200 || 22 | 60 || 7 | 8 || 15 | 40 -Nymphaeaceae || 8 | 60 || 3 | 20 || 3 | 20 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 20 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 -Ceratophyllaceae || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 -Trochodendraceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Cercidiphyllaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Ranunculaceae || 32 | 1200 || 11 | 140 || 11 | 140 || 11 | 70 || 5 | 30 || 2 | 13 || 4 | 23 -Lardizabalaceae || 7 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Berberidaceae || 9 | 150 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || | -Menispermaceae || 63 | 360 || 27 | 100 || 27 | 100 || 1 | 1 || 20 | 75 || 10 | 25 || 6 | 15 -Magnoliaceae || 13 | 110 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Calycanthaceae || 1 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Lactoridaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Anonaceae || 76 | 900 || 27 | 240 || 26 | 230 || | || 25 | 200 || 11 | 30 || 5 | 8 -Myristicaceae || 16 | 250 || 9 | 25 || 7 | 20 || | || 5 | 15 || 2 | 5 || | -Gomortegaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Monimiaceae || 30 | 250 || 6 | 30 || 6 | 30 || | || 3 | 6 || 4 | 25 || 1 | 1 -Lauraceae || 48 | 1100 || 15 | 75 || 12 | 70 || 4 | 5 || 6 | 30 || 7 | 35 || 3 | 10 -Hernandiaceae || 4 | 25 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 7 || | || 3 | 4 || 2 | 4 || | -Papaveraceae || 31 | 400 || 11 | 50 || 9 | 50 || 7 | 40 || 4 | 7 || | || 4 | 10 -Capparidaceae || 43 | 450 || 20 | 260 || 20 | 260 || 7 | 15 || 19 | 200 || 7 | 35 || 8 | 40 -Cruciferae || 232 | 1900 || 88 | 420 || 87 | 410 || 75 | 270 || 28 | 85 || 4 | 8 || 21 | 110 -Tovariaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Resedaceae || 6 | 55 || 6 | 45 || 6 | 45 || 6 | 30 || 5 | 10 || | || 1 | 5 -Moringaceae || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | -Sarraceniaceae || 3 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Nepenthaceae || 1 | 60 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || 1 | 2 || | -Droseraceae || 4 | 85 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 15 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 10 -Podostemonaceae || 30 | 130 || 9 | 25 || 9 | 25 || | || 8 | 20 || 3 | 6 || 2 | 2 -Hydrostachyaceae || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || | || 1 | 4 || 1 | 12 || 1 | 1 -Crassulaceae || 18 | 550 || 10 | 400 || 10 | 400 || 5 | 110 || 6 | 60 || 5 | 50 || 6 | 200 -Cephalotaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Saxifragaceae || 78 | 650 || 11 | 25 || 10 | 25 || 3 | 10 || 4 | 7 || 6 | 7 || 3 | 4 -Pittosporaceae || 9 | 110 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 2 -Brunelliaceae || 1 | 10 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Cunoniaceae || 21 | 130 || 3 | 17 || 3 | 17 || | || | || 1 | 15 || 2 | 2 -Myrothamnaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 -Bruniaceae || 12 | 55 || 12 | 55 || 12 | 55 || | || | || | || 12 | 55 -Hamamelidaceae || 20 | 50 || 3 | 20 || 3 | 20 || | || 1 | 2 || 2 | 15 || 1 | 2 -Eucommiaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Platanaceae || 1 | 6 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | -Crossosomataceae || 1 | 3 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Rosaceae || 102 | 1700 || 32 | 230 || 30 | 220 || 18 | 65 || 13 | 85 || 5 | 20 || 12 | 65 -Connaraceae || 20 | 180 || 12 | 140 || 12 | 140 || | || 12 | 130 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 1 -Leguminosae || 522 |11500 || 261 | 3300 || 253 | 3300 || 54 | 550 || 182 | 1650 || 82 | 440 || 88 | 1000 -Pandaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | -Geraniaceae || 11 | 500 || 6 | 350 || 6 | 350 || 3 | 50 || 6 | 25 || 2 | 2 || 5 | 280 -Oxalidaceae || 7 | 300 || 3 | 160 || 2 | 160 || 1 | 4 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 25 || 1 | 120 -Tropaeolaceae || 1 | 50 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | -Linaceae || 13 | 130 || 7 | 60 || 6 | 60 || 2 | 20 || 6 | 30 || 2 | 8 || 1 | 5 -Humiriaceae || 3 | 20 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | -Erythroxylaceae || 2 | 200 || 2 | 40 || 2 | 40 || | || 2 | 5 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 4 -Zygophyllaceae || 28 | 170 || 12 | 90 || 12 | 90 || 9 | 35 || 6 | 18 || 2 | 3 || 7 | 50 -Cneoraceae || 1 | 10 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | -Rutaceae || 125 | 950 || 33 | 320 || 30 | 310 || 1 | 8 || 17 | 80 || 7 | 35 || 17 | 210 -Simarubaceae || 32 | 150 || 16 | 40 || 16 | 40 || | || 13 | 35 || 4 | 5 || 1 | 1 -Burseraceae || 18 | 350 || 7 | 160 || 7 | 160 || | || 6 | 120 || 3 | 20 || 1 | 20 -Meliaceae || 49 | 800 || 23 | 150 || 23 | 150 || | || 18 | 100 || 8 | 45 || 5 | 15 -Malpighiaceae || 65 | 700 || 16 | 80 || 16 | 80 || | || 10 | 45 || 10 | 30 || 4 | 13 -Trigoniceae || 3 | 30 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Vochysiaceae || 5 | 100 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Tremandraceae || 3 | 25 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Polygalaceae || 11 | 700 || 6 | 240 || 6 | 240 || 1 | 10 || 5 | 90 || 1 | 20 || 4 | 140 -Dichapetalaceae || 3 | 100 || 2 | 75 || 2 | 75 || | || 2 | 65 || 1 | 12 || 1 | 1 -Euphorbiaceae || 278 | 4500 || 122 | 1200 || 117 | 1150 || 5 | 70 || 95 | 600 || 47 | 360 || 31 | 220 -Callitrichaceae || 1 | 25 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 -Buxaceae || 7 | 30 || 3 | 8 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 2 -Empetraceae || 3 | 4 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | || | || 1 | 1 -Coriariaceae || 1 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | -Limnanthaceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Anacardiaceae || 69 | 480 || 29 | 250 || 26 | 240 || 2 | 6 || 16 | 130 || 12 | 30 || 9 | 95 -Cyrillaceae || 3 | 6 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Pentaphylacaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Corynocarpaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Aquifoliaceae || 4 | 280 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 -Celastraceae || 51 | 500 || 15 | 160 || 15 | 160 || 2 | 4 || 5 | 50 || 9 | 35 || 11 | 90 -Hippocrateaceae || 3 | 200 || 3 | 110 || 3 | 110 || | || 3 | 100 || 2 | 12 || 2 | 5 -Salvadoraceae || 3 | 9 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 2 -Stackhousiaceae || 2 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Staphyleaceae || 6 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Icacinaceae || 48 | 200 || 19 | 90 || 19 | 90 || | || 15 | 65 || 10 | 20 || 3 | 5 -Aceraceae || 2 | 110 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || | || | || | -Hippocastanaceae || 3 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Sapindaceae || 128 | 1100 || 51 | 200 || 47 | 200 || | || 29 | 120 || 23 | 60 || 8 | 15 -Sabiaceae || 3 | 70 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Melianthaceae || 3 | 30 || 3 | 30 || 30 | || | 1 || 18 | || | 3 || 10 | -Balsaminaceae || 2 | 350 || 1 | 100 || 1 | 100 || | || 1 | 85 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 2 -Rhamnaceae || 52 | 500 || 18 | 140 || 18 | 140 || 3 | 15 || 14 | 25 || 9 | 20 || 8 | 90 -Vitaceae || 12 | 500 || 5 | 200 || 5 | 200 || 2 | 2 || 4 | 160 || 3 | 30 || 2 | 18 -Elaeocarpaceae || 8 | 130 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 15 || | -Chlaenaceae || 7 | 25 || 7 | 25 || 7 | 25 || | || | || 7 | 25 || | -Gonystilaceae || 1 | 7 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Tiliaceae || 45 | 350 || 18 | 260 || 18 | 260 || 2 | 4 || 17 | 180 || 8 | 70 || 4 | 20 -Malvaceae || 50 | 900 || 21 | 300 || 21 | 300 || 7 | 40 || 16 | 140 || 13 | 85 || 13 | 85 -Bombacaceae || 22 | 140 || 3 | 13 || 3 | 13 || | || 3 | 9 || 1 | 4 || | -Sterculiaceae || 57 | 820 || 28 | 470 || 26 | 470 || 1 | 1 || 19 | 190 || 14 | 120 || 6 | 190 -Scytopetalaceae || 5 | 40 || 5 | 40 || 5 | 40 || | || 5 | 40 || | || | -Dilleniaceae || 14 | 320 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || | || 1 | 18 || 3 | 8 || | -Eucryphiaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Ochnaceae || 22 | 250 || 7 | 150 || 7 | 150 || | || 6 | 120 || 3 | 35 || 3 | 8 -Caryocaraceae || 2 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Marcgraviaceae || 5 | 50 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Quiinaceae || 2 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Theaceae || 20 | 200 || 6 | 12 || 5 | 10 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 8 || | -Guttiferae || 50 | 850 || 16 | 180 || 16 | 180 || 1 | 25 || 12 | 85 || 11 | 80 || 2 | 6 -Dipterocarpaceae || 19 | 340 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 1 || | -Elatinaceae || 2 | 35 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 8 || | || 1 | 5 -Frankeniaceae || 5 | 60 || 2 | 10 || 2 | 10 || 1 | 9 || 2 | 3 || | || 1 | 3 -Tamaricaceae || 4 | 90 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 20 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 2 -Fouquieriaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Cistaceae || 7 | 140 || 5 | 75 || 5 | 75 || 5 | 75 || 1 | 1 || | || | -Bixaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | -Cochlospermaceae || 3 | 20 || 2 | 7 || 2 | 7 || | || 1 | 5 || 1 | 2 || | -Koeberliniaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Winteranaceae || 4 | 8 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 4 || | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | -Violaceae || 17 | 450 || 4 | 100 || 4 | 100 || 1 | 15 || 4 | 55 || 3 | 30 || 3 | 8 -Flacourtiaceae || 84 | 650 || 46 | 250 || 46 | 250 || | || 39 | 150 || 18 | 95 || 11 | 25 -Stachyuraceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Turneraceae || 7 | 100 || 7 | 20 || 7 | 20 || | || 3 | 12 || 5 | 6 || 2 | 2 -Malesherbiaceae || 1 | 25 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Passifloraceae || 13 | 380 || 8 | 75 || 8 | 70 || | || 6 | 45 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 12 -Achariaceae || 3 | 3 || 3 | 3 || 3 | 3 || | || | || | || 3 | 3 -Caricaceae || 3 | 30 || 2 | 3 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || | -Loasaceae || 13 | 230 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || 1 | 1 -Datiscaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Begoniaceae || 5 | 450 || 1 | 110 || 1 | 110 || | || 1 | 90 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 7 -Ancistrocladaceae || 1 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || | -Cactaceae || 23 | 1500 || 5 | 13 || 1 | 7 || | || 1 | 3 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 -Geissolomataceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || 1 | 2 -Penaeaceae || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || | || | || | || 5 | 35 -Oliniaceae || 1 | 7 || 1 | 7 || 1 | 7 || | || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 4 -Thymelaeaceae || 41 | 450 || 17 | 250 || 16 | 250 || 2 | 15 || 8 | 95 || 4 | 17 || 10 | 130 -Elaeagnaceae || 3 | 30 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | -Lythraceae || 25 | 500 || 12 | 90 || 11 | 90 || 4 | 15 || 7 | 65 || 7 | 17 || 6 | 25 -Sonneratiaceae || 4 | 15 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | -Punicaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | -Lecythidaceae || 19 | 250 || 4 | 15 || 4 | 15 || | || 3 | 8 || 2 | 9 || 1 | 1 -Rhizophoraceae || 18 | 60 || 10 | 45 || 10 | 45 || | || 8 | 30 || 8 | 20 || 4 | 5 -Nyssaceae || 3 | 8 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Alangiaceae || 1 | 20 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | -Combretaceae || 17 | 450 || 12 | 330 || 12 | 330 || | || 10 | 280 || 6 | 40 || 4 | 25 -Myrtaceae || 76 | 2900 || 10 | 85 || 7 | 75 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 35 || 4 | 35 || 4 | 10 -Melastomataceae || 169 | 2800 || 33 | 280 || 33 | 280 || | || 24 | 160 || 14 | 110 || 3 | 9 -Oenotheraceae || 39 | 500 || 10 | 40 || 6 | 35 || 6 | 12 || 4 | 20 || 3 | 12 || 4 | 12 -Halorrhagaceae || 7 | 150 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 3 | 5 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 3 -Hippuridaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Cynomoriaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | -Araliaceae || 55 | 660 || 8 | 75 || 8 | 75 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 25 || 7 | 45 || 1 | 10 -Umbelliferae || 270 | 2500 || 92 | 410 || 92 | 410 || 71 | 210 || 29 | 80 || 8 | 20 || 30 | 120 -Cornaceae || 10 | 100 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || 1 | 1 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 ---------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ -Archichlamydeae || 4512 |67500 || 1703 |16700 || 1632 |16600 || 454 | 2300 || 1054 | 7800 || 577 | 2950 || 573 | 5000 ---------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ -Clethraceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | -Pirolaceae || 10 | 30 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Lennoaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Ericaceae || 77 | 1550 || 17 | 720 || 17 | 720 || 5 | 12 || 7 | 40 || 6 | 45 || 12 | 630 -Epacridaceae || 23 | 340 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Diapensiaceae || 6 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Theophrastaceae || 4 | 70 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Myrsinaceae || 32 | 1000 || 10 | 130 || 10 | 130 || 3 | 3 || 5 | 35 || 7 | 95 || 4 | 8 -Primulaceae || 22 | 560 || 11 | 45 || 10 | 45 || 9 | 20 || 7 | 20 || 2 | 6 || 3 | 8 -Plumbaginaceae || 10 | 280 || 7 | 90 || 7 | 90 || 5 | 60 || 4 | 18 || 1 | 3 || 3 | 15 -Sapotaceae || 51 | 650 || 19 | 150 || 16 | 140 || 2 | 2 || 12 | 110 || 5 | 30 || 3 | 15 -Hoplestigmataceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || | -Ebenaceae || 7 | 350 || 6 | 150 || 6 | 150 || | || 5 | 80 || 3 | 35 || 4 | 35 -Symplocaceae || 1 | 300 || | || | || | || | || | || | -Styracaceae || 7 | 110 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | -</pre> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_591">{591}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="GLOSSARY_OF_BOTANICAL_TERMS"></a>GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS</h2> - -<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Abortive</span> (<i>abortivus</i>). Imperfectly developed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Accrescent</span> (<i>accrescens</i>). Increasing in size with age.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Accumbent</span> (<i>accumbens</i>). Placed along the edge, especially of the -cotyledons.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Achene</span> (<i>achaenium</i>). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one -with a thin pericarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Acuminate</span> (<i>acuminatus</i>). Narrowed at the top and drawn out into a -point.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Acute</span> (<i>acutus</i>). Sharply pointed, but not drawn out.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Adelphous</span> (<i>adelphus</i>). United in bundles, e.g., diadelphous = -united in two bundles.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Adherent</span> (<i>adhaerens</i>). Slightly united to an organ of another -kind, usually to a part of another whorl.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Adnate</span> (<i>adnatus</i>). Closely united with an organ of another kind, -usually with a part of another whorl. Adnate anthers have their -halves attached through their whole length to the filament.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Aërial</span> (<i>aëreus</i>). Growing above the surface of the earth or water.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Aestivation</span> (<i>aestivatio</i>). Praefloration, i.e., the arrangement of -the perianth-leaves in the bud.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Albumen</span> (<i>albumen</i>). The nutritive tissue (endosperm or perisperm) -in which the embryo is more or less immersed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Alternate</span> (<i>alternus</i>). Placed between two parts; or inserted one -on each node.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Androgynous</span> (<i>androgynus</i>). Containing both male and female -flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Androphore</span> (<i>androphorum</i>). An elongation of the receptacle below -the stamens.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Annual</span> (<i>annuus</i>). Terminating its whole cycle of life within one -year.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Annular</span> (<i>annularis</i>). Ring-shaped.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Anterior</span> (<i>anticus</i>). Placed in front; or turned away from the axis -upon which the organ is inserted.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Anther</span> (<i>anthera</i>). The thickened upper part of the stamen, which -encloses the pollen. It usually consists of two halves (cells) -containing two pollen-sacs each and opening by a common slit or -pore.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Appressed</span> (<i>appressus</i>). Pressed close.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Areole</span> (<i>areola</i>). A space marked out on a surface.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Aril</span> (<i>arillus</i>). An expansion of the funicle or the adjoining part -of the testa, more or less enveloping the seed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ascending</span> (<i>ascendens</i>). Directed upwards. An ascending stem is -more or less prostrate at the base, then erect; an ascending ovule -is attached somewhat above the base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Asymmetrical</span> (<i>asymmetricus</i>). Which cannot be divided into two or -more similar parts.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Auricle</span> (<i>auriculus</i>). An earlet, i.e., a small roundish lateral -appendage of a leaf or leaf-like organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Awn</span> (<i>arista</i>). A strong bristle-like appendage.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Axil</span> (<i>axilla</i>). The upper angle between a leaf and the stem from -which it springs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Axile</span> (<i>axilis</i>). Placed in the axis.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Axillary</span> (<i>axillaris</i>). Placed in the axil of a leaf.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Axis</span> (<i>axis</i>). The line round which an organ is developed; or the -part of the plant on which other parts are attached, especially the -stem.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Baccate</span> (<i>baccatus</i>). Berry-like.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Barbed</span> (<i>glochidiatus</i>). Beset with hairs or spines directed -backwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Basifixed</span> (<i>basifixus</i>). Attached by the bottom.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_592">{592}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Berry</span> (<i>bacca</i>). A succulent indehiscent fruit with a thin and soft -(membranous, parchment-like, or cartilaginous) endocarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Biennial</span> (<i>biennis</i>). Fruiting the second year and then perishing.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Blade</span> (<i>lamina</i>). The upper expanded part of a leaf or leaf-like -organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bract</span> (<i>bractea</i>). A modified leaf, usually reduced in size, -intermediate between the foliage leaves and the flowers, especially -those in the axil of which a flower or branch of inflorescence -arises.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bracteole</span> (<i>bracteola</i>). A bract arising immediately below a flower -or on the pedicel.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bulb</span> (<i>bulbus</i>). A usually underground part of the stem of certain -plants, which is surrounded by numerous fleshy scales.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Caducous</span> (<i>caducus</i>). Falling off very early.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Calyx</span> (<i>calyx</i>). The outer floral envelope, usually smaller and -firmer than the inner and of green colour.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Campanulate</span> (<i>campanulatus</i>). Bell-shaped.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Capitate</span> (<i>capitatus</i>). Head-like.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Capsule</span> (<i>capsula</i>). A dry dehiscent fruit, especially if formed of -several carpels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Carpel</span> (<i>carpellum</i>). A modified leaf bearing the female -reproductive organs (ovules).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Caruncle</span> (<i>caruncula</i>). An outgrowth near the hilum of certain -seeds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Catkin</span> (<i>amentum</i>). A deciduous spike with a thin rachis and -inconspicuous unisexual flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cauline</span> (<i>caulinus</i>). Arising along the stem.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cell</span> (<i>cellula</i>). One of the sack-like bodies of which the tissue -of the plants is composed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cell</span> (<i>loculus</i>). One of the cavities into which the ovary, the -fruit, and the anthers are usually divided. The number of -anther-cells refers to the time after their dehiscence, 2-celled -anthers being 4-celled when young.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Centrifugal</span> (<i>centrifugus</i>). Developing from the centre outwards or -from the apex towards the base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Centripetal</span> (<i>centripetus</i>). Developing from without towards the -centre or from the base towards the apex.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Circinnate</span> (<i>circinnatus</i>). Coiled from the apex downwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Circumsciss</span> (<i>circumscissus</i>). Split circularly around.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Claw</span> (<i>unguis</i>). The narrow base of perianth-leaves, especially -petals.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cleft</span> (<i>fissus,-fidus</i>). Divided half-way down.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Coherent</span> (<i>cohaerens</i>). Slightly united to an organ of the same -kind.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Collateral</span> (<i>collateralis</i>). Placed side by side.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Compound Leaf</span> (<i>folium compositum</i>). A leaf formed of leaflets -jointed with the rachis and usually falling off separately.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Conduplicate</span> (<i>conduplicatus</i>). Doubled along the midrib.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cone</span> (<i>conus</i>). A spike-like inflorescence flower or fruit with -large bracts or scales usually becoming woody at maturity.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Confluent</span> (<i>confluens</i>). Blended into one.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Connate</span> (<i>connatus</i>). United with an organ of the same kind by -confluence of the margins or by elongation of the common base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Connective</span> (<i>connectivum</i>). The part of the stamen which connects -the anther-halves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Connivent</span> (<i>connivens</i>). Converging.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Contorted</span> (<i>contortus</i>). Imbricate in bud, all segments overlapping -on the same side (to the right or the left from the spectator).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Convolute</span> (<i>convolutus</i>). Rolled up from one margin.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cordate</span> (<i>cordatus</i>). Heart-shaped, i.e., with two rounded basal -lobes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Corm</span> (<i>cormus</i>). The thickened base of certain stems, enveloped by -some large scales and usually underground.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Corolla</span> (<i>corolla</i>). The inner floral envelope, usually larger than -the outer, of soft texture, and bright coloured.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Corona</span> (<i>corona</i>). A crown formed by scale-or thread-like -appendages of the perianth or the stamens.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_593">{593}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Corymb</span> (<i>corymbus</i>). A more or less flat-topped, raceme-like or -compound inflorescence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cottony</span> (<i>tomentosus</i>). Covered with short matted hairs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cotyledon</span> (<i>cotyledo</i>). Seed-leaf, i.e., one of the first leaves of -the embryo, which differ from the following.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Crenate</span> (<i>crenatus</i>). With rounded teeth at the margin.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Crustaceous</span> (<i>crustaceus</i>). Crusty, i.e., thin and brittle.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cyme</span> (<i>cyma</i>). An inflorescence of the centrifugal (cymose) type, -especially when loose and equally-branched.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cymose</span> (<i>cymosus</i>). Consisting of a main axis, which ends in a -flower, and several stronger lateral axes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cystolith</span> (<i>cystolithus</i>). Cell-stone, i.e., a hard outgrowth of -the cell-wall, appearing as a point or short line on the surface of -the leaves of certain plants.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Deciduous</span> (<i>deciduus</i>). Falling off after flowering or at the end -of the season.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Decumbent</span> (<i>decumbens</i>). Reclining.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Decurrent</span> (<i>decurrens</i>). Prolonged below the insertion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dehiscent</span> (<i>dehiscens</i>). Opening spontaneously when ripe to -discharge the contents (seeds or pollen).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dentate</span> (<i>dentatus</i>). Toothed, i.e., provided with small incisions -and projections on the margin.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Descending</span> (<i>descendens</i>). Tending downwards; or attached somewhat -below the apex.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dichotomous</span> (<i>dichotomus</i>). Repeatedly divided in pairs, each -branch dividing into two subequal branches.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Didymous</span> (<i>didymus</i>). Bi-globose, i.e., divided into two roundish -lobes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Didynamous</span> (<i>didynamus</i>). In two pairs of unequal length.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Digitate</span> (<i>digitatus</i>). Palmately compound.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dioecious</span> (<i>dioicus</i>). Unisexual and the male and female flowers on -different plants.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Disc</span> (<i>discus</i>). A usually ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped expansion -of the receptacle.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dissected</span> (<i>dissectus</i>). Divided to the base, but not jointed with -the rachis.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dissepiment</span> (<i>septum</i>). A partition of the interior of the ovary, -usually formed by the margins of the carpels. A partition not -having that origin is called a false or spurious dissepiment.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Divaricate</span> (<i>divaricatus</i>). Diverging at an angle approaching 180°.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dorsal</span> (<i>dorsalis</i>). Situated on the back, especially on the midrib -of a folded leaf or leaf-like organ; or turned away from the axis -to which the organ in question is attached.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dorsifixed</span> (<i>dorsifixus</i>). Attached by the back.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Drupe</span> (<i>drupa</i>). Stone-fruit, i.e., a fruit with a hard (bony, -woody, or crusty) endocarp called the stone, a succulent, more or -less fleshy mesocarp, and a thin (membranous or leathery) epicarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Elliptical</span> (<i>ellipticus</i>). About twice as long as broad and -narrowed towards both ends.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Emarginate</span> (<i>emarginatus</i>). With a small, usually apical notch.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Embryo</span> (<i>embryo</i>). The rudimentary plant formed in the seed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Endocarp</span> (<i>endocarpium</i>). The innermost layer of the pericarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Entire</span> (<i>integerrimus</i>). Without toothing or division.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Epicalyx</span> (<i>epicalyx</i>). A whorl of bracts closely surrounding a -flower and resembling an outer calyx.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Epicarp</span> (<i>epicarpium</i>). The outermost layer of the pericarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Epigynous</span> (<i>epigynus</i>). Inserted at the upper edge of a concave -receptacle which is united with the ovary.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Epiphyte</span> (<i>epiphyticus</i>). Growing upon other plants without -deriving nourishment from them.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ex-</span> (<i>ex-</i>). Without. Exalbuminous = without albumen. Exstipulate = -without stipules.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Exocarp</span> (<i>exocarpium</i>). The outermost layer of the pericarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Exserted</span> (<i>exsertus</i>). Projecting beyond the tube of the perianth -or corolla.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Extrorse</span> (<i>extrorsus</i>). Turned outwards.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_594">{594}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Falcate</span> (<i>falcatus</i>). Sickle-shaped.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Fascicle</span> (<i>fasciculus</i>). A cluster, especially a short and dense -cymose inflorescence of distinctly stalked or conspicuous flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Female Flower</span> (<i>flos foemineus</i>). A flower containing fertile -(ovule-bearing) carpels, but no fertile (pollen-producing) stamens.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Fertile</span> (<i>fertilis</i>). Capable of producing progeny, especially -bearing pollen or ovules which develop into seeds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Filament</span> (<i>filamentum</i>). The lower narrow part (the stalk) of the -stamen.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Filiform</span> (<i>filiformis</i>). Thread-shaped, i.e., cylindrical and very -slender.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Flexuous</span> (<i>flexuosus</i>). Bent alternately in opposite directions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foliaceous</span> (<i>foliaceus</i>). Leaf-like, i.e., having the shape and -texture of a foliage-leaf.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Foliole</span> (<i>foliolum</i>). Leaflet, i.e., one of the leaf-like parts of -a compound leaf, which are jointed to the rachis.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Follicle</span> (<i>folliculus</i>). A one-celled fruit opening lengthwise (at -the ventral suture).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Forked</span> (<i>furcatus</i>). Divided into two subequal branches.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Free</span> (<i>liber</i>). Not united, not even at the base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Funicle</span> (<i>funiculus</i>). The stalk of the ovule.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Gamo-</span> (<i>gamo-</i>). With the parts more or less united, e.g., -gamopetalous = with the petals united below into a ring, cup, or -tube.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Glabrous</span> (<i>glaber</i>). Without hairs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Gland</span> (<i>glans</i>). A thick, usually roundish outgrowth, generally -secreting a liquid.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Glandular</span> (<i>glandulosus</i>). Bearing a gland or glands.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Glomerule</span> (<i>glomerulis</i>). A short and dense cymose inflorescence of -subsessile inconspicuous flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Glume</span> (<i>gluma</i>). A chaffy bract, especially in the inflorescence of -grasses.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Gynophore</span> (<i>gynophorum</i>). An elongation of the receptacle below the -carpels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hastate</span> (<i>hastatus</i>). Halbard-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal -lobes turned outwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Head</span> (<i>capitulum</i>). A centripetal inflorescence with a short and -usually thick axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hermaphrodite</span> (<i>hermaphroditus</i>). Bisexual, i.e., containing both -kinds of sexual organs (stamens and carpels) in complete -development.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hilum</span> (<i>hilus</i>). The point where the ovule or the seed is attached -to the funicle or the placenta.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hirsute</span> (<i>hirsutus</i>). Densely covered with erect, rather short and -stiff hairs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hispid</span> (<i>hispidus</i>). Beset with long stiff hairs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hyaline</span> (<i>hyalinus</i>). Membranous and translucid.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hypogynous</span> (<i>hypogynus</i>). Inserted at the base of the ovary or -below it, upon a small and flat or an elevated receptacle.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Imbricate</span> (<i>imbricatus</i>). Overlapping at the edges, as the tiles of -a roof, especially in the bud.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Imparipinnate</span> (<i>imparipinnatus</i>). Unequally pinnate, i.e., pinnate -with a terminal leaflet.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Included</span> (<i>inclusus</i>). Concealed within the tube of the perianth or -corolla.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Incumbent</span> (<i>incumbens</i>). Placed upon the back, especially of the -cotyledons.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Indehiscent</span> (<i>indehiscens</i>). Remaining closed at maturity.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Induplicate</span> (<i>induplicatus</i>). Doubled along the midrib, with the -margins turned inwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Inferior Ovary</span> (<i>ovarium inferum</i>). An ovary adnate to a concave -receptacle or to the tube of the perianth or calyx.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Inflorescence</span> (<i>inflorescentia</i>). The flowering part of a branch -and the arrangement of the flowers upon it. The flower-clusters -constituting together a compound inflorescence are termed partial -inflorescences.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Introrse</span> (<i>introrsus</i>). Turned inwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Inverted Ovule</span> (<i>ovulum anatropum</i>). An ovule with the micropyle -next to the hilum.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Involucel</span> (<i>involucellum</i>). The involucre of a partial -inflorescence.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_595">{595}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Involucre</span> (<i>involucrum</i>). A group of bracts surrounding an -inflorescence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Involute</span> (<i>involutus</i>). Rolled inward from the margins towards the -midrib.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Irregular Flower</span> (<i>flos irregularis</i>). A flower with unequally -shaped or disposed perianth-leaves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Jointed</span> (<i>articulatus</i>). Divided into portions which subsequently -separate; or separating at the point of attachment.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Laciniate</span> (<i>laciniatus</i>). Lacerated, i.e., slit into narrow and -irregular segments.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lanceolate</span> (<i>lanceolatus</i>). About 3-6 times as long as broad and -ending in an angle or point.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Legume</span> (<i>legumen</i>). A one-celled fruit opening by two valves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ligulate</span> (<i>ligulatus</i>). Strap-shaped, i.e., produced on one side -into a long and narrow limb.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ligule</span> (<i>ligula</i>). A strap-shaped body, especially the scale-like -appendage on the inner side of certain leaves, usually between the -sheath and the blade.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Limb</span> (<i>limbus</i>). The upper, more or less expanded part of a -perianth.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Linear</span> (<i>linearis</i>). Very narrow (many times as long as broad) with -almost parallel edges.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lip</span> (<i>labium</i>). A part of a perianth formed of several united -segments or of one large segment which is separated from the rest.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lobe</span> (<i>lobus</i>). Division of a leaf or a perianth, especially when -short.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lobed</span> (<i>lobatus</i>). Shortly divided, the incisions not reaching to -the middle.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Loculicidal</span> (<i>loculicidus</i>). Opening along the median line of the -outer wall of the ovary-or fruit-cells (along the dorsal suture of -the carpels).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lyrate</span> (<i>lyratus</i>). Lyre-shaped, i.e., pinnately divided with a -large and rounded terminal lobe and small lateral ones.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Male Flower</span> (<i>flos masculus</i>). A flower containing fertile -(pollen-producing) stamens, but no fertile carpels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Median</span> (<i>medianus</i>). Placed in the middle-line of a bilateral -organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mericarp</span> (<i>mericarpium</i>). Partial fruit, i.e., one of the parts -into which a schizocarp separates.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Merous</span> (<i>merus</i>). With the parts of the flower consisting of a -certain number of divisions or leaves, e.g., dimerous = with the -parts in twos.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mesocarp</span> (<i>mesocarpium</i>). The intermediate layer of the pericarp.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Micropyle</span> (<i>micropyle</i>). The aperture in the coats of the ovule.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Monoecious</span> (<i>monoicus</i>). Unisexual and the flowers of both sexes on -the same plant.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mucronate</span> (<i>mucronatus</i>). Ending in a short bristle-like point -(mucro).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Muticous</span> (<i>muticus</i>). Without awns or spines.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Naked</span> (<i>nudus</i>). Not enveloped by a perianth or by carpels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Nerve</span> (<i>nervus</i>). A vascular bundle in a leaf or leaf-like organ, -usually appearing as a dark or translucent line or a ridge -projecting on the under surface.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Net-veined</span> (<i>reticulatim venosus</i>). With the lateral nerves -irregularly connected by a network of small veins.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Neuter</span> (<i>neuter</i>). Without perfect sexual organs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Node</span> (<i>nodus</i>). The usually knot-like part of the stem, where a -leaf or a whorl of leaves are inserted.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Nut</span> (<i>nux</i>). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a -thick and hard rind.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ob-</span> (<i>ob-</i>). Reversedly. Thus obcordate or obovate = cordate or -ovate, the upper part the broader.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Oblong</span> (<i>oblongus</i>). About 3-6 times as long as broad and rounded -at the top.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Obtuse</span> (<i>obtusus</i>). Blunt, i.e., narrowed, but not pointed at the -apex.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Open Aestivation</span> (<i>aestivatio aperta</i>). A form of aestivation in -which the margins of the perianth-leaves do not touch one another.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Opposite</span> (<i>oppositus</i>). Set against in pairs at the same level; or -placed one before another.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Oval</span> (<i>ovalis</i>). About twice as long as broad and rounded at the -top.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_596">{596}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ovary</span> (<i>ovarium</i>). The lower part of the pistil, which encloses the -ovules.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ovate</span> (<i>ovatus</i>). Shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg, -i.e., oval and narrowed towards the top.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ovoid</span> (<i>ovoideus</i>). Egg-shaped.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ovule</span> (<i>ovulum</i>). The grain-like body which contains the female -reproductive cells and developes into the seed after fertilization.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Palmate</span> (<i>palmatus</i>). With the divisions or branches springing from -one point.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Panicle</span> (<i>panicula</i>). A repeatedly branched inflorescence of more -or less pyramidal or ovoid form.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Papilla</span> (<i>papilla</i>). A soft superficial protuberance.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Parallelnerved</span> (<i>parallelinervius</i>). With the principal nerves -nearly parallel and connected almost at right angles by equally -subparallel side-nerves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Parasite</span> (<i>planta parasitica</i>). A plant growing upon an other plant -and feeding from it.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Parietal</span> (<i>parietalis</i>). Attached to the wall of the ovary, usually -at the sutures of the carpels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Paripinnate</span> (<i>paripinnatus</i>). Equally or abruptly pinnate, i.e., -pinnate without a terminal leaflet.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Parted</span> (<i>partitus</i>). Divided nearly to the base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pedate</span> (<i>pedatus</i>). With the larger branches or divisions springing -from the lowest lateral ones.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pedicel</span> (<i>pedicellus</i>). The stalk of a flower.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Peduncle</span> (<i>pedunculus</i>). The stalk of an inflorescence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Peltate</span> (<i>peltalus</i>). Shield-shaped, i.e., roundish and attached by -the middle of the under surface.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Penicillate</span> (<i>penicillatus</i>). Shaped like a tuft of hairs or a -painter’s brush.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Penninerved</span> (<i>penninervius</i>). With pinnate nervation.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Perennial</span> (<i>perennis</i>). Not perishing after maturity, the -underground part of the stem at least remaining alive.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Perianth</span> (<i>perianthium</i>). Floral envelope, i.e., the aggregate of -the modified leaves surrounding the stamens and carpels and forming -part of the flower.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pericarp</span> (<i>pericarpium</i>). The wall of the fruit enclosing the -seeds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Perigynous</span> (<i>perigynus</i>). Inserted upon the margin of a more or -less concave receptacle which is free from the ovary, at some -distance from and usually higher than the ovary.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Persistent</span> (<i>persistens</i>). Remaining on the plant at the time of -maturity.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Petal</span> (<i>petalum</i>). One of the inner perianth-leaves, usually -differing from the outer in the larger size, the softer texture, -and the bright colour.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Petaloid</span> (<i>petaloideus</i>). Petal-or corolla-like.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Petiole</span> (<i>petiolus</i>). The foot-stalk of a leaf.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Phyllode</span> (<i>phyllodium</i>). A broadened, leaf-like branch.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pinna</span> (<i>pinna</i>). One of the lateral branches or divisions of a -pinnate organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pinnate</span> (<i>pinnatus</i>). With the divisions, leaflets, or branches -arranged along each side of the midrib or rachis. Unequally pinnate -leaves have a terminal leaflet, equally (abruptly) pinnate ones -have none.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pistil</span> (<i>pistillum</i>). The aggregate of the carpels of a flower.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Placenta</span> (<i>placenta</i>). The part of the ovary or fruit which bears -the ovules or seeds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plicate</span> (<i>plicatus</i>). Folded along the ribs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Plumule</span> (<i>plumula</i>). The upper part of the embryo (above the -cotyledons).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pollen</span> (<i>pollen</i>). The fertilizing cells produced in the anthers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Polygamous</span> (<i>polygamus</i>). Partly hermaphrodite and partly -unisexual.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Posterior</span> (<i>posticus</i>). Directed towards the axis upon which the -organ in question is inserted.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Praefloration</span> (<i>praeflovatio</i>). The arrangement of the -perianth-leaves in the bud.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Praefoliation</span> (<i>praefoliatio</i>). The mode in which a foliage-leaf is -disposed before its expansion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Procumbent</span> (<i>procumbens</i>). Spreading along the ground.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_597">{597}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Quincuncial</span> (<i>quincuncialis</i>). Imbricate in bud, so that one -perianth-leaf is overlapped on one side only, the others on either -or neither side.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Raceme</span> (<i>racemus</i>). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an -elongated axis and distinctly stalked flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Racemose</span> (<i>racemosus</i>, <i>botryosus</i>). Consisting of a main axis not -ending in a number of weaker lateral axes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rachis</span> (<i>rhachis</i>). The main axis of an inflorescence or of a -compound leaf.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Radiating</span> (<i>radians</i>). Spreading all round; or bearing larger -flowers or larger perianth-leaves at the circumference than in the -centre.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Radical</span> (<i>radicalis</i>). Arising from the base of the stem, -apparently from the root.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Radicle</span> (<i>radicula</i>). The lower part of the embryo (below the -cotyledons).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Raphe</span> (<i>raphe</i>). A cord of tissue forming a prolongation of the -funicle along the coats of the ovule.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Receptacle</span> (<i>receptaculum</i>). The extremity of the flower-stalk -bearing the floral envelopes and the sexual organs; or the enlarged -end of a branch upon which the flowers are seated.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Reduplicate</span> (<i>reduplicatus</i>). Doubled along the midrib with the -margins turned outwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Reflexed</span> (<i>reflexus</i>). Bent back.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Regular</span> (<i>regularis</i>). With all parts of the same kind, especially -all perianth leaves, equal in shape and arrangement.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Reniform</span> (<i>reniformis</i>). Kidney-shaped.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Revolute</span> (<i>revolutus</i>). Rolled backwards from the margins.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rib</span> (<i>costa</i>). A strong, more or less projecting nerve.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Root-stock</span> (<i>rhizoma</i>). The root-like, underground or prostrate -lowest part of the stem of certain plants.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rotate</span> (<i>rotatus</i>). Wheel-shaped, i.e., with a very short tube and -a spreading limb.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rudimentary</span> (<i>rudimentarius</i>). Very imperfectly developed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ruminate</span> (<i>ruminatus</i>). Marked with irregular fissures.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Runcinate</span> (<i>runcinatus</i>). Pinnately cleft with pointed recurved -lobes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Saccate</span> (<i>saccatus</i>). Provided with a pouch-shaped appendage.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sagittate</span> (<i>sagittatus</i>). Arrow-shaped, i.e., with two acute basal -lobes directed downwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Salver-shaped</span> (<i>hypocraterimorphus</i>). With a long and narrow tube -and a spreading limb.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Saprophyte</span> (<i>saprophytum</i>). A plant living upon decaying organic -matter.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scale</span> (<i>squama</i>). A reduced leaf usually destitute of green colour, -or a similar outgrowth of the skin of a plant.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scape</span> (<i>scapus</i>). A leafless stalk of an inflorescence rising from -the ground.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scarious</span> (<i>scariosus</i>). Dry and membranous.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Schizocarp</span> (<i>schizocarpium</i>, <i>fructus in coccos secedens</i>). A fruit -separating into several usually nut-like mericarps.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scorpioid</span> (<i>scorpioideus</i>). One-sided and coiled at the top.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Segment</span> (<i>segmentum</i>). A division of a deeply divided leaf, or a -division of the perianth, especially when the latter is deeply -divided.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sepal</span> (<i>sepalum</i>). An outer perianth-leaf, usually small, green, -and of a firm texture.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sepaloid</span> (<i>sepaloideus</i>). Sepal-or calyx-like.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Septate</span> (<i>septatus</i>). Chambered, i.e., divided into cells by -dissepiments.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Septicidal</span> (<i>septicidus</i>). Opening at the dissepiments or -placentas.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Septifragal</span> (<i>septifragus</i>). Opening so that the valves of the -fruit break away from the dissepiments.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Serrate</span> (<i>serratus</i>). Cut at the margin into sharp teeth direct -towards the apex.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sessile</span> (<i>sessilis</i>). Without a stalk.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sheath</span> (<i>vagina</i>). The dilated base of certain leaves.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Simple</span> (<i>simplex</i>). Without branches; or without segments jointed -to the rachis.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Smooth</span> (<i>laevis</i>). With an even surface (without protuberances).<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_598">{598}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Spadix</span> (<i>spadix</i>). A spike with a thick axis and inconspicuous -flowers, usually enveloped by a spathe.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Spathe</span> (<i>spatha</i>). A large bract more or less enveloping a flower -or inflorescence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Spatulate</span> (<i>spathulatus</i>). More or less rounded above and tapering -towards the base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Spike</span> (<i>spica</i>). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with an -elongated axis and sessile or nearly sessile flowers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Spikelet</span> (<i>spicula</i>). A spike-like partial inflorescence.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Stamen</span> (<i>stamen</i>). A modified leaf bearing the male reproductive -cells (the pollen).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Staminode</span> (<i>staminodium</i>). A barren stamen (without anthers or with -incompletely developed anthers).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sterile</span> (<i>sterilis</i>). Barren, i.e., without well developed ovules -or pollen.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Stigma</span> (<i>stigma</i>). The uppermost, papillose part of the pistil, -which receives the pollen.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Stipel</span> (<i>stipella</i>). A stipule at the base of a leaflet of a -compound leaf.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Stipule</span> (<i>stipula</i>). A leaf-or scale-like appendage of the -leaf-base.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Striate</span> (<i>striatus</i>). Marked with longitudinal lines.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Strophiole</span> (<i>strophiolus</i>). Caruncle, i.e., an outgrowth near the -hilum of certain seeds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Style</span> (<i>stylus</i>). The narrowed part of the pistil, intermediate -between the ovary and the stigma.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sub-</span> (<i>sub-</i>). Under; or almost, somewhat; e.g., subsessile = -almost sessile.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Subtend</span> (<i>subtendere</i>). Extend under; especially: bear in its axil.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Subulate</span> (<i>subulatus</i>). Awl-shaped, i.e., very narrow and pointed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Suffruticose</span> (<i>suffruticosus</i>). Woody at the base, herbaceous -above.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Superior Ovary</span> (<i>ovarium superum</i>). An ovary free from the -receptacle and the perianth.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Suture</span> (<i>sutura</i>). Line of union, especially of the margins of -carpels.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Symmetrical</span> (<i>symmetricus</i>). Divisible by one or several planes -into two or more similar parts.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sympetalous</span> (<i>sympetalus</i>, <i>gamopetalus</i>). With the petals more or -less united.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Terete</span> (<i>teres</i>). Cylindrical and circular in transverse section.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ternate</span> (<i>ternatus</i>). In threes; especially with 3 leaflets or -divisions.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Testa</span> (<i>testa</i>). The outer coat of the seed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Throat</span> (<i>faux</i>). The mouth of the perianth-tube.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tomentose</span> (<i>tomentosus</i>). Cottony, i.e., covered with short, soft, -matted hairs.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Toothed</span> (<i>dentatus</i>). Provided with short marginal incisions, -especially when they are sharp and turned outwards.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Triquetrous</span> (<i>triqueter</i>). Three-edged (with 3 salient angles).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Truncate</span> (<i>truncatus</i>). Terminating abruptly as though cut off at -the end.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tube</span> (<i>tubus</i>). A hollow, more or less elongated body, especially -the lower undivided and more or less narrowed part of the perianth, -or a concave receptacle bearing the perianth at the margin.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tuber</span> (<i>tuber</i>). A short and thick, more or less fleshy underground -part of a stem, not surrounded by scales, or a similar root.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tubercle</span> (<i>tuberculum</i>). A wart-like swelling on the surface of an -organ.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Umbel</span> (<i>umbella</i>). A centripetal (racemose) inflorescence with a -very short axis and stalked flowers arising apparently all from the -same point.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Umbonate</span> (<i>umbonatus</i>). Bearing a boss in the centre of the -surface.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Unarmed</span> (<i>inermis</i>). Without spines or bristles.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Undershrub</span> (<i>suffrutex</i>). A plant woody in the lower part of the -above-ground stem, herbaceous towards the top.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Unifoliolate</span> (<i>unfoliolatus</i>). With a single leaflet, which is -jointed to the leaf-stalk.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Unisexual</span> (<i>unisexualis</i>). Having only the organs of one sex -completely developed; or containing the flowers of one sex only.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Urceolate</span> (<i>urceolatus</i>). Urn-or pitcher-shaped, i.e., with an -inflated tube contracted at the mouth.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Utricle</span> (<i>utriculus</i>). A bladder-shaped indehiscent or irregularly -bursting fruit.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_599">{599}</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Valvate</span> (<i>valvatus</i>). With the margins meeting in the bud without -overlapping.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Vascular Bundles</span> (<i>fasciae vasculares</i>). Fibre-like bundles of -vessels (confluent cells).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Vein</span> (<i>vena</i>). A faint nerve.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ventral</span> (<i>ventralis</i>). Placed at or directed towards the inner side -of the carpel.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ventricose</span> (<i>ventricosus</i>). Swelling on one side.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Vernation</span> (<i>vernatio</i>). Praefoliation, i.e., the disposition of a -leaf in the bud.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Versatile</span> (<i>versatilis</i>). Attached by a point and turning freely on -its support.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Winged</span> (<i>alatus</i>). With a much projecting, thin and flat appendage.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Whorl</span> (<i>verticillus</i>). A group of similar organs arranged in a -circle round an axis.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Whorled</span> (<i>verticillatus</i>). Arranged in whorls of 3 or more parts.</p></div><p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_600">{600}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="ABBREVIATIONS_OF_AUTHORS_NAMES"></a>ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORS’ NAMES</h2> - -<table> -<tr><td>Adans.</td><td>Adanson</td></tr> -<tr><td>Afz.</td><td>Afzelius</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ait.</td><td>Aiton</td></tr> -<tr><td>All.</td><td>Allioni</td></tr> -<tr><td>Anders.</td><td>Anderson</td></tr> -<tr><td>Andrz.</td><td>Andrzeiowski</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ant.</td><td>Antoine</td></tr> -<tr><td>Arn.</td><td>Arnott</td></tr> -<tr><td>Aubl.</td><td>Aublet</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Baill.</td><td>Baillon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bak.</td><td>Baker</td></tr> -<tr><td>Balf.</td><td>Balfour</td></tr> -<tr><td>Barckh.</td><td>Barckhausen</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bartl.</td><td>Bartling</td></tr> -<tr><td>Battand.</td><td>Battandier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Baumg.</td><td>Baumgarten</td></tr> -<tr><td>Beauv.</td><td>Palisot de Beauvois</td></tr> -<tr><td>Becc.</td><td>Beccari</td></tr> -<tr><td>Benn.</td><td>Bennett</td></tr> -<tr><td>Benth.</td><td>Bentham</td></tr> -<tr><td>Berg.</td><td>Berger</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bernh.</td><td>Bernhardi</td></tr> -<tr><td>Berth.</td><td>Berthelot</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bertol.</td><td>Bertoloni</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bisch.</td><td>Bischoff</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bocq.</td><td>Bocquillon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Boeck.</td><td>Boeckeler</td></tr> -<tr><td>Boiss.</td><td>Boissier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Boiv.</td><td>Boivin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Boj.</td><td>Bojer</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bonpl.</td><td>Bonpland</td></tr> -<tr><td>Br.</td><td>Brown, Browne</td></tr> -<tr><td>Briq.</td><td>Briquet</td></tr> -<tr><td>Brongn.</td><td>Brongniart</td></tr> -<tr><td>Brot.</td><td>Brotero</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bur.</td><td>Bureau</td></tr> -<tr><td>Burch.</td><td>Burchell</td></tr> -<tr><td>Burm.</td><td>Burmann</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Cambess.</td><td>Cambessèdes</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cass.</td><td>Cassini</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cav.</td><td>Cavanilles</td></tr> -<tr><td>Celak.</td><td>Celakovsky</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cerv.</td><td>Cervantes</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cham.</td><td>Chamisso</td></tr> -<tr><td>Chev.</td><td>Chevalier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Chiov.</td><td>Chiovenda</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cogn.</td><td>Cogniaux</td></tr> -<tr><td>Colebr.</td><td>Colebrook</td></tr> -<tr><td>Comm.</td><td>Commerson</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cord.</td><td>Cordemoy</td></tr> -<tr><td>Coss.</td><td>Cosson</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cost.</td><td>Costantin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Coult.</td><td>Coulter</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cuss.</td><td>Cusson</td></tr> -<tr><td>Cyr.</td><td>Cyrillo</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Dalech.</td><td>Dalechamps</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dalz.</td><td>Dalzell</td></tr> -<tr><td>Decne.</td><td>Decaisne</td></tr> -<tr><td>DC.</td><td>De Candolle</td></tr> -<tr><td>Del.</td><td>Delile</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dennst.</td><td>Dennstedt</td></tr> -<tr><td>De Not.</td><td>De Notaris</td></tr> -<tr><td>Desf.</td><td>Desfontaines</td></tr> -<tr><td>Desv.</td><td>Desvaux</td></tr> -<tr><td>De Wild.</td><td>De Wildeman</td></tr> -<tr><td>Didr.</td><td>Didrichsen</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dill.</td><td>Dillen</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dumort.</td><td>Dumortier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dun.</td><td>Dunal</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dur.</td><td>Durand</td></tr> -<tr><td>Durazz.</td><td>Durazzini</td></tr> -<tr><td>Duv.</td><td>Duval</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Eckl.</td><td>Ecklon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ehrenb.</td><td>Ehrenberg</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ehrh.</td><td>Ehrhart</td></tr> -<tr><td>Endl.</td><td>Endlicher</td></tr> -<tr><td>Engelm.</td><td>Engelmann</td></tr> -<tr><td>Engl.</td><td>Engler</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>f. (or fil.)</td><td>filius (son)</td></tr> -<tr><td>Fisch.</td><td>Fischer</td></tr> -<tr><td>Forsk.</td><td>Forskal</td></tr> -<tr><td>Forst.</td><td>Forster</td></tr> -<tr><td>Foug.</td><td>Fougeraux</td></tr> -<tr><td>Franch.</td><td>Franchet</td></tr> -<tr><td>Frapp.</td><td>Frappier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Fres.</td><td>Fresenius</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Gaertn.</td><td>Gaertner</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gall.</td><td>Gallaud</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gaud.</td><td>Gaudin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gaudich.</td><td>Gaudichaud</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gled.</td><td>Gleditsch</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gmel.</td><td>Gmelin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Godr.</td><td>Godron</td></tr> -<tr><td>Grah.</td><td>Graham</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gren.</td><td>Grenier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Griff.</td><td>Griffith</td></tr> -<tr><td>Griseb.</td><td>Grisebach</td></tr> -<tr><td>Gronov.</td><td>Gronovius</td></tr> -<tr><td>Guill.</td><td>Guillemin</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Hack.</td><td>Hackel</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hamilt.</td><td>Hamilton</td></tr> -<tr><td>Harv.</td><td>Harvey</td></tr> -<tr><td>Haw.</td><td>Haworth</td></tr> -<tr><td>H. B. & K.</td><td>Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth</td></tr> -<tr><td>Heist.</td><td>Heister</td></tr> -<tr><td>Heldr.</td><td>Heldreich</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hemsl.</td><td>Hemsley</td></tr> -<tr><td>Herb.</td><td>Herbert</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hildebr.</td><td>Hildebrand</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hochst.</td><td>Hochstetter</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hoffm.</td><td>Hoffmann</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hoffmsg.</td><td>Hoffmannsegg</td></tr> -<tr><td>Hook.</td><td>Hooker</td></tr> -<tr><td>Horan.</td><td>Horaninow</td></tr> -<tr><td>Houst.</td><td>Houstoun</td></tr> -<tr><td>Humb.</td><td>Humboldt</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Jacks.</td><td>Jackson</td></tr> -<tr><td>Jacq.</td><td>Jacquin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Jaub.</td><td>Jaubert</td></tr> -<tr><td>Jum.</td><td>Jumelle</td></tr> -<tr><td>Juss.</td><td>Jussieu</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Kam.</td><td>Kamienski</td></tr> -<tr><td>Kit.</td><td>Kitaibel</td></tr> -<tr><td>Koel.</td><td>Koeler</td></tr> -<tr><td>Koen.</td><td>Koenig</td></tr> -<tr><td>Koern.</td><td>Koernicke</td></tr> -<tr><td>Korth.</td><td>Korthals</td></tr> -<tr><td>Kraenzl.</td><td>Kraenzlin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ktze.</td><td>Kuntze</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Labill.</td><td>Labillardière</td></tr> -<tr><td>Lag.</td><td>Lagasca</td></tr> -<tr><td>Lam.</td><td>Lamarck</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ledeb.</td><td>Ledebour</td></tr> -<tr><td><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_601">{601}</a></span>Lehm.</td><td>Lehmann</td></tr> -<tr><td>Leschen.</td><td>Leschenault</td></tr> -<tr><td>Less.</td><td>Lessing</td></tr> -<tr><td>L’Hér.</td><td>L’Héritier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Licht.</td><td>Lichtenstein</td></tr> -<tr><td>Lindb.</td><td>Lindberg</td></tr> -<tr><td>Lindl.</td><td>Lindley</td></tr> -<tr><td>L.</td><td>Linné</td></tr> -<tr><td>Loefl.</td><td>Loefling</td></tr> -<tr><td>Lopr.</td><td>Lopriore</td></tr> -<tr><td>Loud.</td><td>Loudon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Lour.</td><td>Loureiro</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Marcgr.</td><td>Marcgraf</td></tr> -<tr><td>M. Bieb.</td><td>Marschall von Bieberstein</td></tr> -<tr><td>Marsh.</td><td>Marshal</td></tr> -<tr><td>Mart.</td><td>Martius</td></tr> -<tr><td>Mast.</td><td>Masters</td></tr> -<tr><td>Med.</td><td>Medikus</td></tr> -<tr><td>Meissn.</td><td>Meissner</td></tr> -<tr><td>Mey.</td><td>Meyer</td></tr> -<tr><td>Mich.</td><td>Micheli</td></tr> -<tr><td>Michx.</td><td>Michaux</td></tr> -<tr><td>Mill.</td><td>Miller</td></tr> -<tr><td>Miq.</td><td>Miquel</td></tr> -<tr><td>Moehr.</td><td>Moehring</td></tr> -<tr><td>Moq.</td><td>Moquin-Tandon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Moris.</td><td>Morison</td></tr> -<tr><td>Muell.</td><td>Mueller</td></tr> -<tr><td>Muell. Arg.</td><td>Mueller Argovensis</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Naud.</td><td>Naudin</td></tr> -<tr><td>Neck.</td><td>Necker</td></tr> -<tr><td>Nied.</td><td>Niedenzu</td></tr> -<tr><td>Nor.</td><td>Noronha</td></tr> -<tr><td>Nutt.</td><td>Nuttall</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Oerst.</td><td>Oersted</td></tr> -<tr><td>Oliv.</td><td>Oliver</td></tr> -<tr><td>Op.</td><td>Opiz</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>P. Beauv.</td><td>Palisot de Beauvois</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pall.</td><td>Pallas</td></tr> -<tr><td>Parl.</td><td>Parlatore</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pauq.</td><td>Pauquy</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pav.</td><td>Pavon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Perr.</td><td>Perrotet</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pers.</td><td>Persoon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Peyr.</td><td>Peyritsch</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pfitz.</td><td>Pfitzer</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pilg.</td><td>Pilger</td></tr> -<tr><td>Planch.</td><td>Planchon</td></tr> -<tr><td>Plum.</td><td>Plumier</td></tr> -<tr><td>Poepp.</td><td>Poeppig</td></tr> -<tr><td>Pourr.</td><td>Pourret</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Radlk.</td><td>Radlkofer</td></tr> -<tr><td>Raf.</td><td>Rafinesque</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ram.</td><td>Ramond</td></tr> -<tr><td>Reichb.</td><td>Reichenbach</td></tr> -<tr><td>Rich.</td><td>Richard</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ridl.</td><td>Ridley</td></tr> -<tr><td>Roehl.</td><td>Roehling</td></tr> -<tr><td>Roem.</td><td>Roemer</td></tr> -<tr><td>Rohrb.</td><td>Rohrbach</td></tr> -<tr><td>Rottb.</td><td>Rottboell</td></tr> -<tr><td>Roxb.</td><td>Roxburgh</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ruhl.</td><td>Ruhland</td></tr> -<tr><td>Rumph.</td><td>Rumphius</td></tr> -<tr><td>Rupr.</td><td>Ruprecht</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Salisb.</td><td>Salisbury</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schimp.</td><td>Schimper</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schlecht.</td><td>Schlechter</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schlechtd.</td><td>Schlechtendal</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schleid.</td><td>Schleiden</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schrad.</td><td>Schrader</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schreb.</td><td>Schreber</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schult.</td><td>Schultes</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schum.</td><td>Schumann</td></tr> -<tr><td>Schweinf.</td><td>Schweinfurt</td></tr> -<tr><td>Scop.</td><td>Scopoli</td></tr> -<tr><td>Seem.</td><td>Seemann</td></tr> -<tr><td>Soland.</td><td>Solander</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sond.</td><td>Sonder</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sonn.</td><td>Sonnerat</td></tr> -<tr><td>Sparm.</td><td>Sparmann</td></tr> -<tr><td>Spenn.</td><td>Spenner</td></tr> -<tr><td>Spreng.</td><td>Sprengel</td></tr> -<tr><td>Steinh.</td><td>Steinheil</td></tr> -<tr><td>Steud.</td><td>Steudel</td></tr> -<tr><td>Stev.</td><td>Steven</td></tr> -<tr><td>St. Hil.</td><td>St. Hilaire</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Taub.</td><td>Taubert</td></tr> -<tr><td>Targ. Tozz.</td><td>Targioni-Tozzetti</td></tr> -<tr><td>Tausch.</td><td>Tauscher</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ten.</td><td>Tenore</td></tr> -<tr><td>Thonn.</td><td>Thonning</td></tr> -<tr><td>Thou.</td><td>Du Petit-Thouars</td></tr> -<tr><td>Thunb.</td><td>Thunberg</td></tr> -<tr><td>Thwait.</td><td>Thwaites</td></tr> -<tr><td>Torr.</td><td>Torrey</td></tr> -<tr><td>Tourn.</td><td>Tournefort</td></tr> -<tr><td>Trin.</td><td>Trinius</td></tr> -<tr><td>Tul.</td><td>Tulasne</td></tr> -<tr><td>Turcz.</td><td>Turczaninow</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Urb.</td><td>Urban</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Vaill.</td><td>Vaillant</td></tr> -<tr><td>Vand.</td><td>Vandelli</td></tr> -<tr><td>Van Tiegh.</td><td>Van Tieghem</td></tr> -<tr><td>Vell.</td><td>Velley</td></tr> -<tr><td>Vent.</td><td>Ventenat</td></tr> -<tr><td>Vill.</td><td>Villars</td></tr> -<tr><td>Vis.</td><td>Visiani</td></tr> -<tr><td>Vog.</td><td>Vogel</td></tr> -<tr><td>Volk.</td><td>Volkens</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Wahlenb.</td><td>Wahlenberg</td></tr> -<tr><td>Waldst.</td><td>Waldstein</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wall.</td><td>Wallich</td></tr> -<tr><td>Walt.</td><td>Walter</td></tr> -<tr><td>Warb.</td><td>Warburg</td></tr> -<tr><td>Warm.</td><td>Warming</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wedd.</td><td>Weddell</td></tr> -<tr><td>Welw.</td><td>Welwitsch</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wendl.</td><td>Wendland</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wettst.</td><td>Wettstein</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wikst.</td><td>Wikstroem</td></tr> -<tr><td>Willd.</td><td>Willdenow</td></tr> -<tr><td>Willk.</td><td>Willkomm</td></tr> -<tr><td>Winckl.</td><td>Winckler</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wuert.</td><td>Wuertemberg</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Zeyh.</td><td>Zeyher</td></tr> -<tr><td>Zucc.</td><td>Zuccarini</td></tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_602">{602}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="LIST_OF_POPULAR_NAMES"></a>LIST OF POPULAR NAMES<br /><br /> -<small>OF AFRICAN PLANTS AND THEIR PRODUCTS</small></h2> - -<p class="nind"> -African ammoniacum—Ferula.<br /> -African mahogany—Khaya.<br /> -African sandal-wood—Osyris.<br /> -African teak—Oldfieldia.<br /> -African tulip-tree—Spathodea.<br /> -Akee—Blighia.<br /> -Alder—Alnus.<br /> -Alkanet—Anchusa.<br /> -Allseed—Radiola.<br /> -Allspice—Pimenta.<br /> -Almond—Prunus.<br /> -Ambatch—Aeschynomene.<br /> -Anise—Pimpinella.<br /> -Apple—Pirus.<br /> -Apricot—Prunus.<br /> -Arnatto—Bixa.<br /> -Arrow-root—Maranta, Tacca.<br /> -Artichoke—Cynara.<br /> -Ash—Fraxinus.<br /> -Avens—Geum.<br /> -Avocado-pear—Persea.<br /> -<br /> -Balata—Mimusops.<br /> -Balm—Melissa.<br /> -Balsam—Impatiens.<br /> -Bamboo—Bambusa (and allies), Raphia.<br /> -Banana—Musa.<br /> -Baobab—Adansonia.<br /> -Barley—Hordeum.<br /> -Basil—Ocimum.<br /> -Bead-tree—Melia.<br /> -Bean—Phaseolus, Vicia.<br /> -Beef-wood—Casuarina, Mimusops.<br /> -Bent-grass—Agrostis.<br /> -Betel-palm—Areca.<br /> -Bindweed—Convolvulus.<br /> -Bird’s-foot—Ornithopus.<br /> -Bitter cress—Cardamine.<br /> -Black mustard—Brassica.<br /> -Bladderwort—Utricularia.<br /> -Blood-plum—Haematostaphis.<br /> -Borage—Borrago.<br /> -Bottle-gourd—Lagenaria.<br /> -Box—Buxus.<br /> -Bowstring-hemp—Sansevieria.<br /> -Bramble—Rubus.<br /> -Breadfruit—Artocarpus.<br /> -Broomrape—Orobanche.<br /> -Buckthorn—Rhamnus.<br /> -Buckwheat—Fagopyrum.<br /> -Bugle—Ajuga.<br /> -Bugloss—Echium.<br /> -Burdock—Arctium.<br /> -Bur-reed—Sparganium.<br /> -<br /> -Cabbage—Brassica.<br /> -Calabar-bean—Physostigma.<br /> -Calla—Zantedeschia.<br /> -Calumba-root—Iatrorrhiza.<br /> -Camellia—Thea.<br /> -Camomile—Anthemis, Matricaria.<br /> -Camphor—Blumea, Cinnamomum.<br /> -Cam-wood—Baphia.<br /> -Canary-seed—Phalaris.<br /> -Candlenut—Aleurites.<br /> -Candytuft—Iberis.<br /> -Cane—Calamus (and allies).<br /> -Caper—Capparis.<br /> -Caraway—Carum.<br /> -Cardamom—Elettaria.<br /> -Carob—Ceratonia.<br /> -Carrot—Daucus.<br /> -Cashew—Anacardium.<br /> -Cassava—Manihot.<br /> -Castor-oil—Ricinus.<br /> -Cayenne-pepper—Capsicum.<br /> -Ceara-rubber—Manihot.<br /> -Cedar—Cedrus.<br /> -Celandine—Chelidonium.<br /> -Celery—Apium.<br /> -Cherry—Prunus.<br /> -Chervil—Anthriscus.<br /> -Chestnut—Castanea.<br /> -Chick-pea—Cicer.<br /> -Chicory—Cichorium.<br /> -Chillies—Capsicum.<br /> -Chinese grasscloth-plant—Boehmeria<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_603">{603}</a></span>Clover—Trifolium.<br /> -Cloves—Jambosa.<br /> -Cock’s foot—Dactylis.<br /> -Cocoa-plum—Chrysobalanus.<br /> -Coconut—Cocos.<br /> -Colt’s foot—Tussilago.<br /> -Columbine—Aquilegia.<br /> -Comfrey—Symphytum.<br /> -Copal—Copaifera, Cynometra, Trachylobium.<br /> -Coracan—Eleusine.<br /> -Cork—Quercus.<br /> -Corn-cockle—Agrostemma.<br /> -Corn-salad—Valerianella.<br /> -Cotton—Gossypium.<br /> -Cotton-grass—Eriophorum.<br /> -Coutch-grass—Agropyrum.<br /> -Crab’s eye—Abrus.<br /> -Cranes’s bill—Geranium.<br /> -Crawberry—Empetrum.<br /> -Cucumber—Cucumis.<br /> -Cudweed—Gnaphalium.<br /> -Custard-apple—Anona.<br /> -Cypress—Cupressus.<br /> -<br /> -Daisy—Bellis.<br /> -Dandelion—Taraxacum.<br /> -Darnel—Lolium.<br /> -Date-palm—Phoenix.<br /> -Date-plum—Diospyros.<br /> -Dattock—Detarium.<br /> -Day-lily—Hemerocallis<br /> -Dead-nettle—Lamium.<br /> -Dika—Irvingia.<br /> -Dill—Anethum.<br /> -Dinde—Colocasia.<br /> -Dock—Rumex.<br /> -Dodder—Cuscuta.<br /> -Dog’s tail—Cynosurus.<br /> -Dog’s tooth—Cynodon.<br /> -Double coconut—Lodoicea.<br /> -Dragons blood—Dracaena.<br /> -Duchn—Pennisetum.<br /> -Duckweed—Lemna.<br /> -Dum-palm—Hyphaene.<br /> -Dwale—Atropa.<br /> -Dwarf-palm—Chamaerops.<br /> -<br /> -Ebony—Dalbergia, Diospyros, Euclea.<br /> -Egg-plant—Solanum.<br /> -Elder—Sambucus.<br /> -Elemi—Canarium.<br /> -Elm—Ulmus.<br /> -Esparto-grass—Ampelodesmos, Lygeum, Stipa.<br /> -Evening-primrose—Oenothera.<br /> -Everlasting—Helichrysum.<br /> -Eyebright—Euphrasia.<br /> -<br /> -False bamboo—Raphia.<br /> -Feathergrass—Stipa.<br /> -Fennel—Foeniculum.<br /> -Fescue—Festuca.<br /> -Fig—Ficus.<br /> -Fir—Abies.<br /> -Flame-tree—Poinciana.<br /> -Flax—Linum.<br /> -Flowering rush—Butomus.<br /> -Fool’s parsley—Aethusa.<br /> -Forget-me-not—Myosotis, Omphalodes.<br /> -Foxglove—Digitalis.<br /> -Foxtail—Alopecurus.<br /> -Frankincense—Boswellia.<br /> -Frogbit—Hydrocharis.<br /> -Fumitory—Fumaria.<br /> -Fundi—Paspalum.<br /> -Furze—Ulex.<br /> -<br /> -Gambodge—Garcinia.<br /> -Garden-cress—Lepidium.<br /> -Garlic—Allium.<br /> -Germander—Teucrium.<br /> -Ginger—Zingiber.<br /> -Globe-thistle—Echinops.<br /> -Goldenrod—Solidago.<br /> -Gooseberry—Ribes.<br /> -Goosefoot—Chenopodium.<br /> -Grains of Paradise—Aframomum.<br /> -Grape-vine—Vitis.<br /> -Grasscloth-plant—Boehmeria.<br /> -Grasses—Gramineae.<br /> -Grasswrack—Zostera.<br /> -Gromwell—Lithospermum.<br /> -Groundnut—Arachis.<br /> -Guava—Psidium.<br /> -Guelder-rose—Viburnum.<br /> -Guinea-corn—Andropogon.<br /> -Guinea-pepper—Xylopia.<br /> -Gum-lac—Aleurites, Anona, Croton, Ficus, Zizyphus.<br /> -Guttapercha—Palaquium, Payena.<br /> -<br /> -Hare’s tail—Lagurus.<br /> -Hawkweed—Hieracium.<br /> -Hawthorn—Mespilus.<br /> -Hazel—Corylus.<br /> -Heartseed—Cardiospermum.<br /> -Heath—Erica.<br /> -Hemlock—Conium.<br /> -Hemp—Cannabis.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_604">{604}</a></span>Henbane—Hyoscyamus.<br /> -Henna—Lawsonia.<br /> -Holly—Ilex.<br /> -Holygrass—Hierochloe.<br /> -Honeysuckle—Lonicera.<br /> -Hop—Humulus.<br /> -Horehound—Marrubium.<br /> -Horseradish-tree—Moringa.<br /> -Hound’s tongue—Cynoglossum.<br /> -Houseleek—Sempervivum.<br /> -<br /> -Indian corn—Zea.<br /> -Indian cress—Tropaeolum.<br /> -Indian plum—Flacourtia.<br /> -Indian shot—Canna.<br /> -Indigo—Indigofera.<br /> -Ireh—Funtumia.<br /> -Iron-wood—Acacia, Argania, Casuarina, Sideroxylon, Stadmannia.<br /> -Ivy—Hedera.<br /> -<br /> -Jerusalem-artichoke—Helianthus.<br /> -Jessamine—Jasminum.<br /> -Job’s tears—Coix.<br /> -Jujube—Zizyphus.<br /> -Jute—Corchorus.<br /> -<br /> -Kino—Eucalyptus, Pterocarpus.<br /> -<br /> -Ladanum—Cistus.<br /> -Lady’s mantle—Alchimilla.<br /> -Lagos-rubber—Funtumia.<br /> -Larkspur—Delphinium.<br /> -Lattice-leaf—Aponogeton.<br /> -Laurustinus—Viburnum.<br /> -Lavender—Lavandula.<br /> -Leek—Allium.<br /> -Lemongrass—Andropogon.<br /> -Lentil—Lens.<br /> -Lettuce—Lactuca.<br /> -Ling—Calluna.<br /> -Liquorice—Glycyrrhiza.<br /> -Logwood—Haematoxylon.<br /> -Longan—Euphoria.<br /> -Loquat—Eriobotrya.<br /> -Lousewort—Pedicularis.<br /> -Lucern—Medicago.<br /> -Lymegrass—Elymus.<br /> -<br /> -Mace—Myristica.<br /> -Madder—Rubia.<br /> -Mahogany—Khaya.<br /> -Maize—Zea.<br /> -Mallow—Malva.<br /> -Mandioc—Manihot.<br /> -Mandrake—Mandragora.<br /> -Mango—Mangifera.<br /> -Mangrove—Rhizophora.<br /> -Manila-hemp—Musa.<br /> -Manna—Alhagi, Astragalus, Cassia.<br /> -Maple—Acer.<br /> -Maram—Ammophila.<br /> -Marigold—Calendula.<br /> -Marjoram—Majorana.<br /> -Mastic—Pistacia.<br /> -Matgrass—Nardus.<br /> -Medlar—Mespilus.<br /> -Melon—Cucumis.<br /> -Mignonette—Reseda.<br /> -Milkwort—Polygala.<br /> -Millet—Panicum.<br /> -Mint—Mentha.<br /> -Mistletoe—Viscum.<br /> -Mousetail—Myosurus.<br /> -Mulberry—Morus.<br /> -Mullein—Verbascum.<br /> -Mustard—Brassica, Sinapis.<br /> -Myrrh—Commiphora.<br /> -<br /> -Nettle—Urtica.<br /> -Nettle-tree—Celtis.<br /> -New Zealand flax—Phormium.<br /> -New Zealand spinach—Tetragonia.<br /> -Nitgrass—Gastridium.<br /> -Nitrebush—Nitraria.<br /> -Nutmeg—Myristica.<br /> -<br /> -Oak—Quercus.<br /> -Oat—Avena.<br /> -Oil-palm—Elaeis.<br /> -Oleander—Nerium.<br /> -Oleaster—Elaeagnus.<br /> -Olive—Olea.<br /> -Onion—Allium.<br /> -Opium—Papaver.<br /> -Orange—Citrus.<br /> -Orris-root—Iris.<br /> -Ovala—Pentaclethra.<br /> -<br /> -Palmiet—Prionium.<br /> -Palmyra-palm—Borassus.<br /> -Panama-rubber—Castilloa.<br /> -Pansy—Viola.<br /> -Papaw-tree—Carica.<br /> -Paper-mulberry—Broussonetia.<br /> -Para-rubber—Hevea.<br /> -Parsley—Petroselinum.<br /> -Parsnip—Pastinaca.<br /> -Passion-flower—Passiflora.<br /> -Pea—Pisum.<br /> -Peach—Prunus.<br /> -Pear—Pirus.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_605">{605}</a></span>Pearlwort—Sagina.<br /> -Pellitory—Parietaria.<br /> -Pennycress—Thlaspi.<br /> -Pepper—Capsicum, Piper.<br /> -Periwinkle—Vinca.<br /> -Persian lilac—Melia.<br /> -Persian manna—Alhagi.<br /> -Piassava—Borassus, Dictyosperma, Raphia.<br /> -Pigeon-pea—Cajanus.<br /> -Pimpernel—Anagallis.<br /> -Pine-apple—Ananas.<br /> -Pink—Dianthus.<br /> -Pistachio-nut—Pistacia.<br /> -Pitcher-plant—Nepenthes.<br /> -Plane—Platanus.<br /> -Plantain—Musa, Plantago.<br /> -Plum—Prunus.<br /> -Poke—Phytolacca.<br /> -Pomegranate—Punica.<br /> -Pondweed—Potamogeton.<br /> -Poplar—Populus.<br /> -Poppy—Papaver.<br /> -Potato—Ipomoea, Solanum.<br /> -Prickly pear—Opuntia.<br /> -Primrose—Primula.<br /> -Privet—Ligustrum.<br /> -Pumpkin—Cucurbita.<br /> -Purslane—Portulaca.<br /> -<br /> -Quaking-grass—Briza.<br /> -Quince—Cydonia.<br /> -Quinine—Cinchona.<br /> -Quitch-grass—Agropyrum.<br /> -<br /> -Radish—Rhaphanus.<br /> -Rambutan—Nephelium.<br /> -Ramie—Boehmeria.<br /> -Ramtil-oil—Guizotia.<br /> -Rapeseed—Brassica.<br /> -Rattan-palm—Calamus.<br /> -Ray-grass—Lolium.<br /> -Reed—Arundo, Phragmites.<br /> -Reedmace—Typha.<br /> -Rice—Oryza.<br /> -Rock-cress—Arabis.<br /> -Rock-rose—Cistus, Helianthemum.<br /> -Rose of Jericho—Anastatica, Odontospermum.<br /> -Rose-wood—Calophyllum, Pterocarpus, Thespesia.<br /> -Rosemary—Rosmarinus.<br /> -Rubber—Various Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae, Ficus, Manihot.<br /> -Rue—Ruta.<br /> -Rush—Juncus.<br /> -Rye—Secale.<br /> -<br /> -Safflower—Carthamus.<br /> -Saffron—Crocus.<br /> -Safu—Pachylobus.<br /> -Sage—Salvia.<br /> -Sago—Cycas.<br /> -Sainfoin—Onobrychis.<br /> -Salep—Orchis (and allies).<br /> -Salsify—Tragopogon.<br /> -Saltwort—Salsola.<br /> -Samphire—Crithmum.<br /> -Sandal-wood—Pterocarpus, Osyris.<br /> -Sandarac—Callitris.<br /> -Sandbox-tree—Hura.<br /> -Sandwort—Arenaria.<br /> -Sapodilla-plum—Achras.<br /> -Sassy-tree—Erythrophloeum.<br /> -Savory—Satureia.<br /> -Sawwort—Serratula.<br /> -Screw-pine—Pandanus.<br /> -Scull-cap—Scutellaria.<br /> -Sedges—Cyperaceae.<br /> -Senegal-ebony—Dalbergia.<br /> -Senna-leaves—Cassia.<br /> -Shea-butter—Butyrospermum.<br /> -Shellac—Anona, Croton, Ficus, Zizyphus.<br /> -Shepherd’s purse—Capsella.<br /> -Silver-fir—Abies.<br /> -Silver-tree—Leucadendron.<br /> -Snake-gourd—Trichosanthes.<br /> -Snapdragon—Antirrhinum.<br /> -Sneeze-wood—Pteroxylon.<br /> -Soapberry—Sapindus.<br /> -Soapwort—Saponaria.<br /> -Sorghum—Andropogon.<br /> -Soursop—Anona.<br /> -Sow-thistle—Sonchus.<br /> -Soy-bean—Glycine.<br /> -Spanish broom—Spartium.<br /> -Speedwell—Veronica.<br /> -Spinach—Spinacia, Tetragonia.<br /> -Spindle-tree—Evonymus.<br /> -Spurge—Euphorbia.<br /> -Spurry—Spergula.<br /> -Squill—Scilla.<br /> -Squirting cucumber—Ecballium.<br /> -Stitchwort—Stellaria.<br /> -Stock—Matthiola.<br /> -Stork’s bill—Erodium.<br /> -Strawberry—Fragaria.<br /> -Strawberry-tree—Arbutus.<br /> -Sugar-cane—Saccharum.<br /> -Sumac—Rhus.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_606">{606}</a></span>Sundew—Drosera.<br /> -Sunflower—Helianthus.<br /> -Sweet basil—Ocimum.<br /> -Sweet flag—Acorus.<br /> -Sweet potato—Ipomoea.<br /> -<br /> -Tallow-tree—Pentadesma.<br /> -Tapioca—Manihot.<br /> -Taro—Colocasia.<br /> -Tea—Thea.<br /> -Teak—Oldfieldia, Tectona.<br /> -Teasel—Dipsacus.<br /> -Tef—Eragrostis.<br /> -Teosinte—Euchlaena.<br /> -Thorn-apple—Datura.<br /> -Thrift—Armeria.<br /> -Thimothy-grass—Phleum.<br /> -Toad-flax—Linaria.<br /> -Tobacco—Nicotiana.<br /> -Tomato—Solanum.<br /> -Tragacanth—Astragalus.<br /> -Traveller’s tree—Ravenala.<br /> -Tulip-tree—Spathodea.<br /> -Turmeric—Curcuma.<br /> -Turnip—Brassica.<br /> -Turnsole—Chrozophora.<br /> -Turpentine—Abies, Pinus, Pistacia.<br /> -<br /> -Vegetable silk—Various Asclepiadaceae, Strophantus.<br /> -Venus’ looking-glass—Specularia.<br /> -Verek—Acacia.<br /> -Vernal grass—Anthoxanthum.<br /> -Vervain—Verbena.<br /> -Vetch—Vicia.<br /> -Vetiver-root—Andropogon.<br /> -Violet—Viola.<br /> -<br /> -Wallflower—Cheiranthus.<br /> -Walnut—Juglans.<br /> -Water-chestnut—Trapa.<br /> -Water-cress—Nasturtium.<br /> -Water-lily—Nymphaea.<br /> -Water-melon—Citrullus.<br /> -Water-plantain—Alisma.<br /> -Water-tree—Tetracera.<br /> -Wheat—Triticum.<br /> -White mustard—Sinapis.<br /> -Willow—Salix.<br /> -Willow-herb—Epilobium.<br /> -Winter-cherry—Physalis.<br /> -Winter-cress—Barbarea.<br /> -Woad—Isatis.<br /> -Woodruff—Asperula.<br /> -Woodrush—Luzula.<br /> -Wormwood—Artemisia.<br /> -<br /> -Yams—Dioscorea.<br /> -Yew—Taxus.<br /> -Ylang-Ylang—Cananga.<br /> -<br /> -Zachun-oil—Balanites.<br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_607">{607}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="ADDITIONS_AND_CORRECTIONS"></a>ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS<br /><br /> -<small>(especially from the years 1911 and 1912).</small></h2> - -<table> -<tr><td class="c">Page</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_vii">VII.,</a></td><td class="pdd"> after line 21, insert: R. MUSCHLER, A manual flora of Egypt (Berlin, 1912).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_viii">VIII.,</a></td><td class="pdd"> after line 13, insert: E. DE WILDEMAN, Etudes sur la flore des districts des Bangala et de l’Ubangi (Bruxelles, 1910).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_10">10,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 110, for “83. <b>Monimiaceae</b>,” read: Leaves opposite, <i>Xymalos</i>, 83. <b>Monimiaceae</b>. Leaves alternate, <i>Plagiostyles</i>, 122. <b>Euphorbiaceae</b>.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_19">19,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 202, for “<b>Prrteaceae</b>,” read: <b>Proteaceae</b>.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_20">20,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 213, omit lines 1 and 2.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_35">35,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 388, omit lines 1 and 2.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_79">79,</a></td><td class="pdd"> line 3, read: Genus 1, species 4. West Africa, Madagascar, and Seychelles.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_82">82,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 21, line 3, add: (Including <i>Heteranthoecia</i> Stapf).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_84">84,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 41, after line 4, insert: Outer glumes convex, without spines. Flowering glume awned. Stigmas feathery.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dignathia</b> Stapf</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_85">85,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 46, line 2, add: <i>Rytilix</i> Raf.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_89">89,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 84, line 2, add: (Including <i>Lepturella</i> Stapf).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_92">92,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 111, after line 3, insert: Spikes 2-3 together. Spikelets many-flowered. Fruit elliptical. Leaves narrow.—Species 1. Madagascar.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Sclerodactylon</b> Stapf</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_100">100,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 176, line 2, add: <i>Weingaertneria</i> Bernh.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_102">102,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 195, line 5, add: <i>Trichoneura</i> Anders.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_104">104,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 212, after line 3, insert: Spikelets in head-like panicles. Flowering glumes 5-nerved.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Drake-Brockmania</b> Stapf</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_105">105,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 222, line 1, add: Axis of the spikelet jointed between and below the flowering glumes.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_105">105,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 222, after line 1, insert: Flowering glumes 2-cleft, awned, 7-9-nerved, much exceeding the outer glumes. Axis of the spikelet jointed below the flowering glumes only. Spikelets in 1-3 spike-like racemes.—Species 1. East Africa. (Including <i>Negria</i> Chiov.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lintonia</b> Stapf</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_117">117,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 25, line 3, read: (<i>Hydrosme</i> Schott). (Plate 12).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Amorphophallus</b> Blume</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_118">118,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 32, line 4, add: Rudimentary flowers club-shaped. Appendage of the spadix long.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_118">118,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 32, after line 3, insert: Ovules 2. Leaves several, dissected. Rudimentary flowers awl-shaped. Appendage of the spadix short.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Helicophyllum</b> Schott</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_123">123,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 6, last line, insert: (Including <i>Baoutia</i> A. Chev.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_128">128,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 32, after line 3, insert: Capsule opening loculicidally. Flowers in spikes, with bracts. Ovary deeply lobed.—Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neodregea</b> C. H. Wright</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_129">129,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 35, lines 2 and 3, omit: “(Including <i>Neodregea</i> Wright).”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_136">136,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 13, line 4, for “Perianth-tube long,” read: Perianth-tube short or moderately long, not longer than the segments.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_136">136,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 13, line 7, omit “(Including <i>Choananthus</i> Rendle).”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_136">136,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 13, after line 7, add: Filaments longer than the anthers. Perianth-tube much longer than the segments. Leaves ovate.—Species 2. Equatorial Africa (Ruwenzori).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Choananthus</b> Rendle</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_146">146,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 4, line 3, insert: (Including <i>Siphonochilus</i> Wood & Franks).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_151">151,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 11, line 4, after “<i>Penthea</i> Lindl.” add: and <i>Orthopenthea</i> Rolfe.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_151">151,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 15, line 3, for “Tropics,” read: Tropical and South-east Africa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_155">155,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 52, line 3, for “Tropics,” read: Tropical and South-east Africa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_158">158,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 78, line 4, after “including” insert: <i>Lemurorchis</i> Kraenzl.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_159">159,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 89, omit lines 3 and 4.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_171">171.</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 8, line 2, after “Including” insert: <i>Diastella</i> Knight. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_608">{608}</a></span></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_176">176,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 6, after “Islands” insert: (<i>Balaniella</i> Van Tiegh.).</td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_177">177.</a></td><td class="pdd">No. 1, line 4, for “Species 1; Southern West Africa,” read: Species 2; Southern Central Africa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_179">179,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 5, line 5, add: Wings of the fruiting perianth equal.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_179">179,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 5, at end add: Branches continuous. Disc lobed. Wings of the fruiting perianth unequal.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Seidlitzia</b> Bunge</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_181">181,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 18, at end add: Bracteoles united more than half-way up. Stigmas 2. Stem and leaves clothed with stellate hairs.—Species 1. Egypt.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Eurotia</b> Adans.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_184">184,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 17, line 3, add: (Including <i>Centemopsis</i> Schinz and <i>Nelsia</i> Schinz).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_184">184,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 18, line 3, add: Stigma entire.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_184">184,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 18, after line 3, add: Stamens 4-5. Stigma 2-cleft. Perianth woolly at base. Undershrubs.—Species 1. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lopriorea</b> Schinz</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_185">185,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 20, line 2, add: Leaves opposite.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_185">185,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 20, after line 2, add: Spurious staminodes none. Leaves alternate. Partial inflorescences consisting of 2-3 fertile and 2-4 spinous sterile flowers. Ovary glabrous.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neocentema</b> Schinz</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_188">188,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 4, line 7, for “Species 15,” read: Species 25.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_189">189,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 15, line 4, for “Species 1,” read: Species 3.—In the same line omit “Cape Colony.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_191">191,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, Portulacaria may be divided into two genera: <b>Portulacaria</b> Jacq. (Flowers hermaphrodite. Ovary turgid. Fruit with 3 wings, dry. Species 1.) and <b>Ceraria</b> Pearson & Stephens (Flowers polygamous. Ovary compressed. Fruit with 1 wing, finally berry-like. Species 3).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_193">193,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 9, line 4, for “sepals obtuse” read: style very short.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_201">201,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 11, line 6, add: including <i>Bricchettia</i> Pax.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_203">203,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 31, line 4, add: (Including <i>Junodia</i> Pax).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_208">208,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, omit <i>Chloropatane</i> Engl., which belongs to <i>Erythrococca</i> Benth. (Euphorbiaceae).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_233">233,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 7, line 4, add: including <i>Geaya</i> Cost. & Poisson.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_236">236,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 6, for “Species 1,” read: Species 3.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_238">238,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 11, line 5, add: <i>Nebelia</i> Neck.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_244">244,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 6, line 3, add: (Including <i>Santaloides</i> Schellenb.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_244">244,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 7, line 2, for “Species 2,” read: Species 4.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_244">244,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 7, line 3, add: (Under <i>Byrsocarpus</i> Schum. & Thonn.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_244">244,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 7, after line 3, insert: Stem twining. Inflorescence fasciculate. Calyx herbaceous. Anther-halves approximate. Seeds with thick cotyledons.—Species 2. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Roureopsis</b> Planch.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_244">244,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 9, line 3, add: (Under <i>Manotes</i> Soland.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_246">246,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 18, line 4, read: Species 4. West Africa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_249">249,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 38, after line 3, insert: Receptacle saucer-shaped, thick. Calyx-lobes 2-3. Petals none. Stamens 16.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Mildbraediodendron</b> Harms</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_249">249,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 38, line 4, add: Calyx-lobes 4-5. Stamens very numerous.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_251">251,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 54, line 1, for “Species 10,” read: Species 25.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_251">251,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 54, line 3, add: (Under <i>Dialium</i> L.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_252">252,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 61, line 2, read: Species 4. Central Africa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_252">252,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 61, line 3, add: including <i>Eriander</i> Winkl.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_253">253,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 74, line 1, add: (Under <i>Cynometra</i> L.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_253">253,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 75, line 2, add: (Under <i>Cynometra</i> L.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_255">255,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 89, last line, read: Species 1. Central Africa. Yields timber and aromatic resin. (Under <i>Daniella</i> Benn.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Paradaniellia</b> Rolfe</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_256">256,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 95, line 4, after “pendulous,” insert: oblong. Flowers in few-flowered racemes.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_256">256,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 95, after line 4, add: Petals subequal. Seeds roundish. Flowers subsessile, paniculate.—Species 3. West Africa. (Under <i>Berlinia</i> Soland.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Isoberlinia</b> Craib & Stapf</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_256">256,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 100, line 3, read: Species 8. Central Africa.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_256">256,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 100. line 4, read: (Including <i>Cyanothyrsus</i> Harms)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Daniellia</b> Benn. -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_609">{609}</a></span></td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_256">256,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 101, line 4, read: Species 6. Central Africa.</td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_258">258,</a></td><td class="pdd">No. 117, line 5, for “Species 2,” read: Species 4.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_259">259,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 125, line 3, for “Species 2,” read: Species 5.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_263">263,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 160, line 5, add: some are poisonous for cattle.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_265">265,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 175, line 1, add: Ovules few. Leaves distinctly stalked, stipulate.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_265">265,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 175, after line 3, insert: Keel and style straight. Bracteoles present. Ovules many. Fruit elongate. Leaves sessile or nearly so, exstipulate.—Species 10. South Africa. (Under <i>Lotononis</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pearsonia</b> Duemmer</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_272">272,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 239, line 5, add: other species yield dyes.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_273">273,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 242, line 4, after “Balf. f.” add: and <i>Saldania</i> Sim.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_278">278,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 283, line 3, insert: One species has edible fruits and tubers.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_287">287,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 359, line 1, add: Standard broad.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_287">287,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 359, after line 2, add: Fruit winged. Standard narrow, boat-shaped. Calyx narrowly bell-shaped. Branches of the panicle nodose.—Species 17. Central Africa. (Under <i>Derris</i> Lour.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leptoderris</b> Dunn</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_288">288,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 368, line 1, add: Leaflets without stipels.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_288">288,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 368, after line 1, insert: Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets with stipples. Fruit flat, indehiscent.—Species 4. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Ostryoderris</b> Dunn</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_288">288,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 374, after line 3, insert: Leaves alternate, not dotted. Fruit compressed.—Species 15. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Craibia</b> Harms & Dunn</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_297">297,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 21, omit lines 1-3, as <i>Eriander</i> Winkl. belongs to <i>Oxystigma</i> Harms (Leguminosae).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_299">299,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 32, add: Ovary with numerous ovules in each cell. Anthers oblong. Pericarp hard. Leaves with a single leaflet.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aeglopsis</b> Swingle</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_300">300,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 6, line 3, add: Filaments thread-like. Ovules laterally affixed. Leaflets few.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_300">300,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 6, after line 4, insert: Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with imbricate aestivation. Filaments broadened below, with a short scale. Style long. Ovules pendulous. Leaflets many, oblong.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Simarubopsis</b> Engl.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_300">300,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 8, line 3, add: (Under <i>Mannia</i> Hook. fil.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_301">301,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 15, Irvingia may be divided into two genera: <b>Irvingia</b> Hook. fil. (inflorescence axillary, seeds exalbuminous) and <b>Irvingella</b> Van Tiegh. (inflorescence terminal, seeds albuminous).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_302">302,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 4, line 3, add: Stamens inserted outside the cushion-shaped disc.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_302">302,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 4, line 9, add: Stamens inserted on the edge of the disc.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_302">302,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 2, line 4, add: (Including <i>Katafa</i> Cost. & Poisson).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_303">303,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 4, omit lines 1-4, as <i>Pynaertia</i> De Wild. belongs to <i>Anopyxis</i> Pierre (Rhizophoraceae).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_304">304,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 13, last line, omit “<i>Bingeria</i> A. Chev.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_305">305,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 20, for “<b>Tourraea</b>” read: <b>Turraea</b>.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_305">305,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 25, line 3, add: (Including <i>Bingeria</i> A. Chev.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_309">309,</a></td><td class="pdd"> family 121, lines 7 and 13, for “species 75,” read: species 120.—Line 7, add: one species has edible fruits.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_309">309,</a></td><td class="pdd"> family 122, line 6, omit “(Including <i>Daphniphyllaceae</i>).”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_310">310,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 8, line 5, for “Species 10,” read: Species 20.</td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_310">311 and 312, for </a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 14-23 substitute the following:</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">14.</td><td class="pdd"> Calyx splitting into 5 equal segments. -Disc indistinct or wanting. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.<span class="spc">  </span>15</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Calyx splitting into 2-4 more or less unequal segments. Shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>16</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">15.</td><td class="pdd"> Styles two-cleft. Rudimentary pistil absent in the male flowers. Plants with stellate hairs.—Species 7. Northern and tropical Africa. Some are poisonous or yield dyes and medicaments. “Turnsole.” (<i>Tournesolia</i> Scop.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chrozophora</b> Neck.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Styles many-cleft. Rudimentary pistil present in the male flowers. Herbaceous plants with simple hairs.—Species 10. Tropics. Several species yield fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Caperonia</b> St. Hil.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">16.</td><td class="pdd"> Petals of the male flowers united below.<span class="spc">  </span>17</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Petals of the male flowers free.<span class="spc">  </span>18<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_610">{610}</a></span></td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">17.</td><td class="pdd"> Styles two-cleft. Leaves palminerved. Climbing shrubs.—Species 1. West Africa. Yields fibre.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Manniophyton</b> Muell. Arg.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Styles 3-8-cleft. Leaves penninerved.—Species 12. West Africa. (Under -<i>Crotonogyne</i> Muell. Arg.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Neomanniophyton</b> Pax & Hoffm.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">18.</td><td class="pdd"> Young branches, leaves, and inflorescence clothed with scales.<span class="spc">  </span>19</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Young branches, leaves, and inflorescence clothed with hairs or glabrous.<span class="spc">  </span>20</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">19.</td><td class="pdd"> Stamens 7-15. Receptacle of the male flowers with 5 glands, glabrous within them. Male inflorescence spicate.—Species 2. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Crotonogyne</b> Muell. Arg.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Stamens 20-30. Receptacle of the male flowers with 10 glands, also glandular within them. Male inflorescence paniculate.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Cyrtogonone</b> Prain</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">20.</td><td class="pdd"> Fruit a drupe. Disc of the female flowers obscure or reduced to small glands. Stamens 8-20. Anthers attached by the base. Trees with stellate, rarely with simple hairs. Leaves palminerved. Flowers in terminal cymes or panicles.—Species 2. Cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, gum-lac, tanning bark, dye-stuffs, and edible oily seeds (candle-nuts).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Aleurites</b> Forst.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Fruit a capsule. Disc of the female flowers ring- or cup-shaped. Anthers attached by the tip or the back, sometimes near the base. Flowers in racemes, rarely in panicles, but then leaves penninerved. Glabrous or simple-haired shrubs or trees.<span class="spc">  </span>21</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">21.</td><td class="pdd"> Receptacle of the male flowers glandular on the whole surface, but without separate glands. Stamens 20-30. Anther-halves pendulous from the connective. Flowers in axillary racemes.—Species 1. Islands of Fernando-Po and St. Thomas. (Under <i>Agrostistachys</i> Dalz.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Pseudagrostistachys</b> Pax & Hoffm.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Receptacle of the male flowers with separate glands. Anther-halves attached by the back. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.<span class="spc">  </span>22</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">22.</td><td class="pdd"> Stamens 20-30.—Species 3. West Africa. (Including <i>Fournaea</i> Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Grossera</b> Pax</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Stamens 8-12. Flowers in racemes.<span class="spc">  </span>23</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt">23.</td><td class="pdd"> Petals of the female flowers shorter than the calyx. Sepals of the female flowers free. Flowers dioecious.—Species 2. East Africa. (Under <i>Tannodia</i> Baill.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Holstia</b> Pax</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Petals of the female flowers exceeding the calyx. Sepals of the female flowers united at the base.—Species 2. East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Tannodia</b> Baill.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_313">313,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 30, line 7, add: (Including <i>Pseudotragia</i> Pax).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_313">313,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 31, line 5, for “Species 20,” read: Species 12.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_315">315,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 48, omit lines 1-3, as <i>Pseudotragia</i> Pax belongs to <i>Plukenetia</i> L.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_316">316,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 55, line 3, after “medicine” add: (Including <i>Discoclaoxylon</i> Pax & Hoffm.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_316">316,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 56, line 7, add: (Including <i>Chloropatane</i> Engl.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_316">316,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 57, after line 6, insert: Disc of the female flowers formed of 6-8 scales. Styles recurved, undivided. Stamens 7. Calyx 5-partite. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Discoglypremna</b> Prain</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_316">316,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 61, line 3, add: Bracts not forming an involucre. Petals membranous. Plants clothed with stellate hairs. (Under <i>Mildbraedia</i> Pax).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_316">316,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 61, after line 3, insert: Flowers dioecious. Bracts forming an involucre. Petals leathery. Plants clothed with simple hairs.—Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Chlamydojatropha</b> Pax & Hoffm.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_317">317,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 66, at end, add: Stamens numerous. Ovary 1-celled. Stigma 1, entire. Flowers in racemes, dioecious.—Species 1. West Africa. The seeds yield oil. (Under <i>Daphniphyllum</i> Blume)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Plagiostyles</b> Pierre</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Stamens numerous. Ovary 3-celled. Stigmas 3, entire. Flowers in racemes, dioecious.—Species 1. West Africa. (Under <i>Plukenetia</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Hamilcoa</b> Prain</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_317">317,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 70, line 5, read: (<i>Excoecariopsis</i> Pax, under <i>Excoecaria</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spirostachys</b> Sond.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_318">318,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 72, line 7, add: (Under <i>Sapium</i> P. Browne or <i>Sebastiania</i> Spreng.) -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_611">{611}</a></span></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_318">318,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 74, line 3, for “Species 3,” read: Species 6.</td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_318">318,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 74, line 4, for “yields rubber,” read: and three other species yield rubber.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_318">318,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 74, after line 7, insert: Flowers in panicles, which on the male plants are composed of fascicles, dioecious. Sepals 4-5, united half-way up in the male flowers. Disc present. Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Klaineanthus</b> Pierre</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_318">318,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 75, line 5, add: (Including <i>Neochevaliera</i> Beille).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_318">318,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 76, line 3, add: (Tribe PHYLLANTHEAE).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_319">319,</a></td><td class="pdd"> omit No. 81, as <i>Junodia</i> Pax belongs to <i>Anisocycla</i> Baill. (Menispermaceae).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_319">319,</a></td><td class="pdd"> omit No. 82, as the African <i>Daphniphyllum</i> belongs to <i>Plagiostyles</i> Pierre.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_319">319,</a></td><td class="pdd"> omit No. 85, as <i>Bricchettia</i> Pax belongs to <i>Cocculus</i> L. (Menispermaceae).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_319">319,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 87, line 1, add: or nearly so.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_320">320,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 89, line 4, for “<i>Megabaria</i> Pierre,” read: (Including <i>Megabaria</i> Pierre)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spondianthus</b> Engl.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_320">320,</a></td><td class="pdd"> omit No. 92, as <i>Neochevaliera</i> Beille belongs to <i>Chaetocarpus</i> Thwait.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_321">321,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 99, line 2, omit “Mosambic.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_321">321,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 104, omit lines 3-5.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 107, line 2, for “Species 4.” read: Species 12.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 107, line 3, add: (Including <i>Staphysora</i> Pierre).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 109, line 2, add: (Under <i>Thecacoris</i> Juss.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 109, after line 3, insert: Disc divided into 5 glands. Styles 4, short, entire. Flowers monoecious. Trees. Stipules lanceolate.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Apodiscus</b> Hutchinson</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> for No. 111, substitute the following:—</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt"></td><td class="pdd">111. Bracts of the male flowers in 3 series, the intermediate in the shape of a cup. Disc of the female flowers adnate to the perianth.—Species 2. West Africa. (Under <i>Megabaria</i> Pierre).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Protomegabaria</b> Hutchinson</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Bracts of the male flowers solitary. Disc of the female flowers free from the perianth. 111, b.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt"></td><td class="pdd">111, b. Fruit entire, 1-celled. (See 107).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Maesobotrya</b> Benth.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd">Fruit lobed, 3-celled. (See 94).<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thecacoris</b> Juss.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 113, line 3, add: (Under <i>Drypetes</i> Vahl).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_322">322,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 114, line 4, add: (Under <i>Drypetes</i> Vahl).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_323">323,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 123, line 5, for “Species 2.” read: Species 5.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_324">324,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 2, line 2, add: (Under <i>Notobuxus</i> Oliv.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_326">326,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 5, omit line 5.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_327">327,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 12, line 6, for “Species 20,” read: Species 30.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_328">328,</a></td><td class="pdd"> omit No. 20, as <i>Spondianthus</i> belongs to Euphorbiaceae.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_329">329,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 27, line 7, for “Species 30,” read: Species 50.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_341">341,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 51, line 2, after “capsular,” add: septicidal.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_341">341,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 51, after line 5, insert: Disc annular, with 10 teeth on the inside. Stamens 8. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit capsular, loculicidal. Embryo spirally twisted. Leaves pinnate.—Species 1. West Africa<span class="spc">  </span><b>Anoumabia</b> A. Chevs</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_344">344,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 6, line 4, add: including <i>Tzellemtinia</i> Chiov.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_346">346,</a></td><td class="pdd"> line 9, for “200,” read: 250.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_346">346,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 2, after “Inflorescences,” add: nearly always.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_346">346,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 5, omit “mostly.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_346">346,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 4, line 6, for “150,” read: 200.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_349">349,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 1, omit “Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_349">349,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 2, add: (Under <i>Christiania</i> DC.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_349">349,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 9, line 6, add: (Under <i>Duboscia</i> Bocq.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_349">349,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 10, line 4, add: under <i>Desplatzia</i> Bocq.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_355">355,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 11, line 4, add: (Tribe HUAEAE).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_384">384,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 5, for “<b>Ammania</b>” read: <b>Ammannia</b>.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_386">386,</a></td><td class="pdd"> at top, for “LECTYHIDACEAE” read: LECYTHIDACEAE.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_388">388,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 9, line 1, add: (Including <i>Pynaertia</i> De Wild.).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_399">399,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 9, last line, add: (<i>Raimannia</i> Rose).</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_403">403,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 12, after line 4, insert: Secondary ribs thick, rounded, unarmed. Seeds slightly grooved on the inner face, somewhat compressed from front to back.—Species<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_612">{612}</a></span></td></tr> - -<tr><td>  </td><td class="rt"></td><td class="pdd">1. Northern East Africa (Eritrea)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Stephanorossia</b> Chiov.</td></tr> - -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_406">406,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 37, after line 5, insert: Pericarp not much thickened. Ribs thread-shaped. Fruit with a broad commissure. Oil-channels 4-5 in each furrow.—Species 2. Central Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Afrosison</b> Wolff</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_409">409,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 53, line 2, after “furrows,” insert: and sometimes under the ribs.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_409">409,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 53, after line 2, insert: Marginal ribs of the mericarps thickened, corky. Oil-channels solitary under each dorsal rib, 3 under each marginal rib. Calyx indistinctly toothed. Petals straight or nearly so.—Species 1. Abyssinia. (Under</td></tr> -<tr><td>  </td><td class="pdd"></td><td class="pdd"><i>Peucedanum</i> L.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Erythroselinum</b> Chiov.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_413">413,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 92, after line 2, insert: Mericarps with 5 broad and thick ribs. Oil-channels solitary under each rib, none at the commissure. Calyx-teeth mucronate. Undershrubs.—Species 1. South-west Africa (Nama-land)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Marlothiella</b> Wolff</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_413">413,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 92, line 4, add: Oil-channels in the furrows and at the commissure.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_414">414,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 93, at end, add: Petals yellow or brown, notched. Herbs.—Species 1. Equatorial East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Volkensiella</b> Wolff</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_418">418,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 5, line 8, for “Species 10,” read: Species 20.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_421">421,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, after line 3, insert: Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 8. Calyx falling off very early, excepting the persistent base of the tube.—Species 1. West Africa. Yields timber.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Dumoria</b> A. Chev.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_421">421,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 4, add: Calyx persisting or falling off as a whole.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_421">421,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 3, line 7, omit “<i>Dumoria</i> A. Chev.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_434">434,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 15, after line 4, insert: Corolla-segments overlapping to the right. Disc wanting. Ovules numerous. Leaves with axillary glands.—Species 1. West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Farquharia</b> Stapf</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_444">444,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 22, line 6, insert: rarely shrubs.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_449">449,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 59, last line, add: including <i>Folotsia</i> Cost. & Bois and <i>Voharanga</i> Cost. & Bois.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_454">454,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 99, after line 1, insert: Corona simple, of 10 lobes. Calyx without glands. Corolla deeply divided, with spatulate segments.—Species 1. Northern East Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Spathulopetalum</b> Chiov.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_463">463,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 5, line 2, after “Shrubs,” read: Species 2. Socotra and German South-west Africa. (Subfamily <b>WELLSTEDIOIDEAE</b>.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_472">472,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 8, line 6, for “4-cleft,” read: 4-5-cleft.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_472">472,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 9, after line 3, insert: Lower lip of the corolla deeply 3-cleft, the median lobe slightly concave, the lateral ones narrow. Calyx 2-lipped; the upper lip entire, the lower 4-toothed.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Thorncroftia</b> N. E. Brown</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_473">473,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 15, line 2, insert: Including <i>Bouetia</i> A. Chev.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_473">473,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 19, line 4, read: Species 2. Tropics.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_473">473,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 19, line 5, omit “including <i>Iboza</i> N. E. Brown.”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_480">480,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 64, after line 5, insert: Corolla subequally 5-cleft; tube exserted. Stamens 4, about equal in length. Flowers very small, indistinctly dioecious.—Species 12. Central and South-east Africa. (Under <i>Moschosma</i> Reichb.)<span class="spc">  </span><b>Iboza</b> N. E. Brown</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_482">482,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 10, line 2, for “Species 25” read: Species 40.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_510">510,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 66, after line 2, insert: Corolla-tube funnel-shaped. Flowers in lateral spikes. Bracts narrow; bracteoles broad. Leaves elliptical.—Species 1. Equatorial West Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Leiophaca</b> Lindau</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_554">554,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 93, line 2, for “Species 20,” read: Species 30.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_556">556,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 108, line 4, after “winged” add: Inner involucral bracts short, scale-like.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_556">556,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 108, at end, add: Stem not winged. Inner involucral bracts long, bristle-like. Receptacle at first flat.—Species 1. North-west Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Lifago</b> Schweinf. & Muschl.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_562">562,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 186, after line 2, insert: Pappus wanting. Heads in corymbs.—Species 1. South-east Africa.<span class="spc">  </span><b>Humea</b> Sm.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_570">570,</a></td><td class="pdd"> No. 258, line 2, for “Species 1,” read: Species 4.</td></tr> - -<tr><td class="pdd" colspan="3">Plate 12, for <i>Hydrosme grata</i> Schott, read: Amorphophallus <i>gratus</i> (Schott) N. E. Brown.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="c">“</td><td class="rt"><a href="#page_138">138,</a></td><td class="pdd"> last line, for “plant” read: branch.</td></tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter" id="map" style="width: 600px;"> -<a href="images/map.jpg"> -<img src="images/map.jpg" width="600" alt="[The -image of the Map of Africa is unavailable.]" /></a> -<div class="caption"> -<p><span class="smcap">MAP of AFRICA.</span></p> -<p><a href="images/map-huge.jpg">[Larger version of the map here. (667kb)]</a></p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page_613">{613}</a></span></p> - -<h2><a id="INDEX"></a>INDEX<br /><br /> -<small>OF LATIN NAMES OF FAMILIES AND GENERA</small></h2> - -<p class="c">Synonyms are printed in <i>Italics</i>.</p> - -<p class="c"><a href="#A">A</a>, -<a href="#B">B</a>, -<a href="#C">C</a>, -<a href="#D">D</a>, -<a href="#E">E</a>, -<a href="#F">F</a>, -<a href="#G">G</a>, -<a href="#H">H</a>, -<a href="#I">I</a>, -<a href="#J">J</a>, -<a href="#K">K</a>, -<a href="#L">L</a>, -<a href="#M">M</a>, -<a href="#N">N</a>, -<a href="#O">O</a>, -<a href="#P">P</a>, -<a href="#Q">Q</a>, -<a href="#R">R</a>, -<a href="#S">S</a>, -<a href="#T">T</a>, -<a href="#U">U</a>, -<a href="#V">V</a>, -<a href="#W">W</a>, -<a href="#X">X</a>, -<a href="#Y">Y</a>, -<a href="#Z">Z</a></p> - -<p class="nind"> -<i><a id="A"></a>Abelmoschus</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aberia</i>, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Abies, <a href="#page_70">70</a>.<br /> - -<i>Abildgaardia</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Abrotanella, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Abrus, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -Abutilon, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Acacia, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Acaena, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Acalypha, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Acampe, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -ACANTHACEAE, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_502">502</a>, <a href="#plt_142">pl. 142</a>.<br /> - -Acanthonema, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -Acanthopale, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Acanthophoenix, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Acanthopsis, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Acanthosicyos, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Acanthotreculia, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Acanthus, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acanthyllis</i>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -Acer, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -ACERACEAE, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -Aceras, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aceras</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Achantia</i>, <a href="#page_355">355</a>.<br /> - -Acharia, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -ACHARIACEAE <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -Acharitea, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -Achillea, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Achneria, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Achras, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Achyranthes, <a href="#page_184">184</a>, <a href="#plt_41">pl. 41</a>.<br /> - -Achyrocline, <a href="#page_556">556</a>, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -<i>Achyropsis</i>, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Achyrospermum, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -Achyrothalamus, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -Acidanthera, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Acioa, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -Acmadenia, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acmena</i>, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -Acocanthera, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -Aconitum, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Acorus, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acrachne</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Acridocarpus, <a href="#page_307">307</a>, <a href="#plt_77">pl. 77</a>.<br /> - -Acritochaete, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Acriulus, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Acrocephalus, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -Acrocoelium, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -Acrolophia, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Acrosanthes, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acrosepalum</i>, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Acrospira, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acrostemon</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Acrostylia, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Acrotome, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Actephila, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Actinoschoenus, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acuan</i>, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -<i>Acustelma</i>, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -Adansonia, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adelodypsis</i>, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Adelosa, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Adelostigma, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adenachaena</i>, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Adenandra, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -Adenanthera, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Adenia, <a href="#page_376">376</a>, <a href="#plt_106">pl. 106</a>.<br /> - -Adenium, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Adenocarpus, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Adenochlaena, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Adenocline, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Adenodolichos, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adenogonum</i>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Adenogramma, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Adenoplea, <a href="#page_427">427</a>.<br /> - -Adenoplusia, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -Adenopus, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adenosolen</i>, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Adenostemma, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adhatoda</i>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adicea</i>, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -Adina, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Adinandra, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -<i>Adolia</i>, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Adonis, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Aechmolepis, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -Aedesia, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aegialophila</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aegilops</i>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Aegle, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Aeglopsis, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Aeluropus, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -Aeolanthus, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aeonia</i>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aeonium</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Aerangis, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Aeranthus, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Aerua, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Aeschynomene, <a href="#page_269">269</a>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>, <a href="#page_284">284</a>, <a href="#page_286">286</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aetheilema</i>, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Aethionema, <a href="#page_225">225</a>, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Aethusa, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Aframomum, <a href="#page_147">147</a>, <a href="#plt_24">pl. 24</a>.<br /> - -Afrardisia, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Afrocalathea, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -<i>Afrodaphne</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Afromendoncia, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -Afrorhaphidophora, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -Afrormosia, <a href="#page_259">259</a>.<br /> - -Afrosison, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Afrostyrax, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Afrothismia, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -<i>Afzelia</i>, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Afzelia, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Afzeliella, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Agapanthus, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Agathelpis, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Agathophora, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -<i>Agathophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -Agathosma, <a href="#page_296">296</a>. <a href="#plt_73">pl. 73</a>.<br /> - -Agauria, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Agave, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_614">{614}</a></span>Agelaea, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Ageratina, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Ageratum, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -<i>Agialid</i>, <a href="#page_293">293</a>.<br /> - -Agrimonia, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Agropyrum, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Agrostemma, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Agrostis, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -<i>Agrostis</i>, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -<i>Agrostistachys</i>, <a href="#page_312">312</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Agrostophyllum, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Agyneia, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aichryson</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Aira, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aira</i>, <a href="#page_98">98</a>, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Airopsis, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aitonia</i>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -<i>AITONIEAE</i>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -AIZOACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>, <a href="#plt_43">pl. 43</a>.<br /> - -Aizoon, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -Ajuga, <a href="#page_471">471</a>.<br /> - -Alafia, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -ALANGIACEAE, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -Alangium, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -<i>Albersia</i>, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Alberta, <a href="#page_516">516</a>.<br /> - -Albizzia, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -Albuca, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alcea</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Alchimilla, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alchornea</i>, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Alchornea, <a href="#page_314">314</a>, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Alciope, <a href="#page_573">573</a>, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Aldrovanda, <a href="#page_230">230</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alectra</i>, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Alepidea, <a href="#page_403">403</a>.<br /> - -Aleurites, <a href="#page_312">312</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Alhagi, <a href="#page_274">274</a>.<br /> - -Alisma, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alisma</i>, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -ALISMATACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>, <a href="#plt_6">pl. 6</a>.<br /> - -<i>ALISMATACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -Alkanna, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Allagopappus, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Allamanda, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Allanblackia, <a href="#page_361">361</a>, <a href="#plt_99">pl. 99</a>.<br /> - -Allexis, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -Alliaria, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -Allium, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -Allocalyx, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Allophyllus, <a href="#page_336">336</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alluaudia</i>, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -Alnus, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -Alocasia, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -Alocasiophyllum, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Aloë <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Alonsoa, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -Alopecurus, <a href="#page_84">84</a>, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -Alpinia, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -<i>ALSINACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Alsine, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alsodeia</i>, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alsodeiidium</i>, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Alsodeiopsis, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Alstonia, <a href="#page_441">441</a>.<br /> - -Alternanthera, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Althaea, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Althenia, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -<i>Altheria</i>, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -Alvesia, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -Alysicarpus, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -Alyssum, <a href="#page_218">218</a>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -<i>Alyssum</i>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Alyxia, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -Amanoa, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Amaralia, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -AMARANTACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_182">182</a>, <a href="#plt_41">pl. 41</a>.<br /> - -Amarantus, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -AMARYLLIDACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_135">135</a>, <a href="#plt_19">pl. 19</a>.<br /> - -<i>AMARYLLIDACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Amaryllis, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amberboa</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amblogyna</i>, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Amblygonocarpus, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ambora</i>, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ambraria</i>, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Ambrosia, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -<i>AMBROSIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Ambrosinia, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ambulia</i>, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Amelanchier, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -Amellus, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amerimnon</i>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -Ammannia, <a href="#page_384">384</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Ammi, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Ammiopsis, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -Ammocharis, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ammochloa</i>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Ammochloa, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Ammodaucus, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -Ammophila, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Ammosperma, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amomum</i>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Amorphophallus, <a href="#page_117">117</a>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>, <a href="#plt_12">pl. 12</a>.<br /> - -Ampalis, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -<i>AMPELIDEAE</i>, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -Ampelocissus, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -Ampelodesma, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ampelosicyos</i>, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -Amphiblemma, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Amphidoxa, <a href="#page_558">558</a>, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Amphiestes, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Amphiglossa, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Amphimas, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Amphithalea, <a href="#page_263">263</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amphoranthus</i>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amphorchis</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Amphorocalyx, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -<i>AMYGDALACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -<i>Amygdalus</i>, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Anabasis, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Anacampseros, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -Anacamptis, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -ANACARDIACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_325">325</a>, <a href="#plt_81">pl. 81</a>.<br /> - -Anacardium, <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -Anacolosa, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Anacyclus, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Anagallis, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -Anaglypha, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Anagyris, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Ananas, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ananassa</i>, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -Anaphalis, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anaphrenium</i>, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -Anarrhinum, <a href="#page_491">491</a>, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anarthrosyne</i>, <a href="#page_280">280</a>.<br /> - -Anastatica, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -Anastrabe, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anatherum</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Anaxeton, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ancalanthus</i>, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Anchomanes, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Anchusa, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Ancistrocarpus, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Ancistrochilus, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -ANCISTROCLADACEAE, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Ancistrocladus, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Ancistrophyllum, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ancistrophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ancistrorhynchus</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Ancylanthus, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ancylobothrys</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Andira, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -Andrachne, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Andradia, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -Androcymbium, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -Andrographis, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Andropogon, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Androsace, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -<i>Androsaemum</i>, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_615">{615}</a></span>Androsiphonia, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Androstachys, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Andryala, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Aneilema, <a href="#page_123">123</a>, <a href="#plt_16">pl. 16</a>.<br /> - -Anemone, <a href="#page_198">198</a>, <a href="#plt_46">pl. 46</a>.<br /> - -Anethum, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Aneulophus, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Angelonia, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -Angkalanthus, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Angolaea, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Angrecopsis, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -<i>Angrecum</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Angrecum, <a href="#page_158">158</a>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Angylocalyx, <a href="#page_259">259</a>.<br /> - -Anisacanthus, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anisanthus</i>, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -Aniseia, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aniserica</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Anisochaeta, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Anisochilus, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Anisocycla, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Anisomeles, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -Anisopappus, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Anisophyllea, <a href="#page_387">387</a>.<br /> - -Anisopoda, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Anisopus, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anisorhamphus</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Anisostachya, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Anisostigma, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -Anisotes, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Anisothrix, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Anisotome, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anisotome</i>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Annesorhiza, <a href="#page_409">409</a>, <a href="#plt_119">pl. 119</a>.<br /> - -Anogeissus, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Anoiganthus, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anomalanthus</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Anona, <a href="#page_204">204</a>, <a href="#plt_48">pl. 48</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anona</i>, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -ANONACEAE, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>, <a href="#plt_48">pl. 48</a>.<br /> - -Anonidium, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anonychium</i>, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Anopyxis, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -Anoumabia, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Ansellia, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Anthaenantia, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anthagathis</i>, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -Anthemis, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Anthephora, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Anthericopsis, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -Anthericum, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -Antherotoma, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anthistiria</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Anthocleista, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -Antholyza, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anthospermum</i>, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Anthospermum, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Anthostema, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Anthoxanthum, <a href="#page_94">94</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anthoxanthum</i>, <a href="#page_94">94</a>.<br /> - -Anthriscus, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -<i>Anthriscus</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Anthyllis, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Antiaris, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Anticharis, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Antidesma, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Antinoria, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -Antirrhinum, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -Antirrhoea, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -Antithrixia, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Antizoma, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -<i>Antoschmidtia</i>, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -<i>Antrocaryon</i>, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -Anubias, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -Anvillea, <a href="#page_553">553</a>, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -<i>Apalatoa</i>, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Apaloxylon, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Apera, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aphanes</i>, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Aphania, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Aphanocalyx, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aphanostylis</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aphelexis</i>, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aphloia</i>, <a href="#page_373">373</a>.<br /> - -Aphyllanthes, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -<i>APIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Apicra, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Apium, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -<i>Apium</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Apluda, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -APOCYNACEAE, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_432">432</a>, <a href="#plt_129">pl. 129</a>.<br /> - -<i>Apodanthes</i>, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -Apodiscus, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Apodocephala, <a href="#page_558">558</a>, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Apodolirion, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Apodytes, <a href="#page_334">334</a>, <a href="#plt_84">pl. 84</a>.<br /> - -<i>Apodytes</i>, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Apollonias, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Aponogeton, <a href="#page_75">75</a>, <a href="#plt_5">pl. 5</a>.<br /> - -APONOGETONACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>, <a href="#plt_5">pl. 5</a>.<br /> - -Aporrhiza, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -<i>Apostellis</i>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Aprevalia, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -Aptandra, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -<i>Apteranthes</i>, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Aptosimum, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -AQUIFOLIACEAE, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Aquilegia, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Arabis, <a href="#page_217">217</a>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arabis</i>, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -ARACEAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_114">114</a>, <a href="#plt_12">pl. 12</a>.<br /> - -Arachis, <a href="#page_267">267</a>.<br /> - -ARALIACEAE, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_400">400</a>, <a href="#plt_118">pl. 118</a>.<br /> - -Araliopsis, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Araujia, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Arbutus, <a href="#page_415">415</a>.<br /> - -Arceuthobium, <a href="#page_175">175</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arceuthos</i>, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Arctium, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Arctopus, <a href="#page_403">403</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arctotheca</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Arctotis, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ardisia</i>, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Ardisiandra, <a href="#page_420">420</a>, <a href="#plt_122">pl. 122</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arduina</i>, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -Areca, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Arenaria, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arenaria</i>, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -Argania, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Argemone, <a href="#page_213">213</a>.<br /> - -Argomuellera, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Argostema, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -<i>Argyranthemum</i>, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Argyreia, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -<i>Argyreia</i>, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -<i>Argyrella</i>, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Argyrolobium, <a href="#page_264">264</a>, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Argyrostachys, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Arisaema, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Arisarum, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Aristea, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aristea</i>, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -Aristida, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Aristogeitonia, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Aristolochia, <a href="#page_176">176</a>, <a href="#plt_38">pl. 38</a>.<br /> - -ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_176">176</a>, <a href="#plt_38">pl. 38</a>.<br /> - -<i>Armeniaca</i>, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Armeria, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Arnebia, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Arnottia, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>AROIDEAE</i>, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aroides</i>, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Arrhenatherum, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Arrowsmithia, <a href="#page_555">555</a>, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Artabotrys, <a href="#page_204">204</a>, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Artanema, <a href="#page_495">495</a>.<br /> - -Artemisia, <a href="#page_566">566</a>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>, <a href="#page_597">597</a>.<br /> - -Artemisiopsis, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Arthraerua, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arthratherum</i>, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Arthraxon, <a href="#page_86">86</a>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_616">{616}</a></span><i>Arthrocarpum</i>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arthrochortus</i>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Arthrocnemum, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arthrolobium</i>, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arthrophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arthrosolen</i>, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -<i>Arthrostylis</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Artocarpus, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Arum, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Arundinaria, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Arundinella, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -Arundo, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Asaemia, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -ASCLEPIADACEAE, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_441">441</a>, <a href="#plt_130">pl. 130</a>.<br /> - -Asclepias, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asclepias</i>, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Ascolepis, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Askidiosperma, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Aspalathus, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -Asparagus, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aspera</i>, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -<i>ASPERIFOLIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Asperugo, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Asperula, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Asphodeline, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -Asphodelus, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aspidoglossum</i>, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Aspilia, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -<i>Assonia</i>, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Astelia, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -Astephania, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Astephanocarpa, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -Astephanus, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Aster, <a href="#page_567">567</a>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>, <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aster</i>, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -Asteracantha, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Asteranthe, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asteranthopsis</i>, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asteriscus</i>, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Asterochaete, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Asterolinum, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asterolinum</i>, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -Asteropeia, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asterosperma</i>, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asterothrix</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Astiria, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Astragalus, <a href="#page_270">270</a>, <a href="#page_285">285</a>, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -Astrocarpus, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -Astrochlaena, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -<i>Astropanax</i>, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Astydamia, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Asystasia, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -<i>Asystasia</i>, <a href="#page_509">509</a>, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Asystasiella, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Ataenidia, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ataxia</i>, <a href="#page_94">94</a>.<br /> - -Athamanta, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -<i>Athamantha</i>, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Athanasia, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -<i>Atheranthera</i>, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -Athrixia, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Atractocarpa, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Atractogyne, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Atractylis, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Atraphaxis, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Atriplex, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -Atropa, <a href="#page_482">482</a>.<br /> - -<i>ATROPACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -Atropis, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Atroxima, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -<i>Atylosia</i>, <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aubyra</i>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Aucoumea, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Audouinia, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Augea, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Aulacocalyx, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Aulax, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aulaya</i>, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Aulojusticia, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Aulostephanus, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Aulotandra, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -<i>AURANTIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aurelia</i>, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Australina, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -<i>Autunesia</i>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Auxopus, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -Avellinia, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -Avena, <a href="#page_97">97</a>, <a href="#page_99">99</a>, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Avenastrum</i>, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -Averrhoa, <a href="#page_290">290</a>.<br /> - -Avicennia, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -<i>Aviceps</i>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -<i>Axonopus</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Azadirachta, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -Azima, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -Azorella, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="B"></a>Babiana, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Baccaurea, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Baccaureopsis, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Bachmannia, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Bacopa, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Badula, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Baeometra, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -Baikiaea, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -<i>Baillonella</i>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Baissea, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Bakerisideroxylon, <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -<i>Balaniella</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Balanites, <a href="#page_293">293</a>, <a href="#plt_72">pl. 72</a>.<br /> - -Balanophora, <a href="#page_176">176</a>.<br /> - -BALANOPHORACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_176">176</a>.<br /> - -<i>Balansaea</i>, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Ballochia, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Ballota, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -<i>Balsamea</i>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -BALSAMINACEAE, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_343">343</a>, <a href="#plt_87">pl. 87</a>.<br /> - -Balsamocitrus, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -<i>Balsamodendron</i>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -Bambusa, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bandeiraea</i>, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -Banisterioides, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -<i>Baoutia</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Baphia, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -Baphiopsis, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Barbacenia, <a href="#page_139">139</a>, <a href="#plt_20">pl. 20</a>.<br /> - -Barbarea, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -Barberetta, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Barbeuia, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Barbeya, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -Barbeyastrum, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -<i>Barkhousia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Barlaea, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Barleria, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -<i>Barlia</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Baronia, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -<i>Baroniella</i>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Barosma, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Barringtonia, <a href="#page_387">387</a>, <a href="#plt_111">pl. 111</a>.<br /> - -<i>Barrowia</i>, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Barteria, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Bartholina, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Bartschia, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bartsia</i>, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -<i>Basananthe</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -Basella, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -BASELLACEAE, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -Baseonema, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -<i>Basilicum</i>, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -Bassia, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bassia</i>, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -<i>Batatas</i>, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -Batesanthus, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Bathiaea, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Baudouinia, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -Bauhinia, <a href="#page_248">248</a>, <a href="#plt_67">pl. 67</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bauhinia</i>, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -Baukea, <a href="#page_280">280</a>.<br /> - -Baumannia, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -Baumia, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Beatsonia, <a href="#page_364">364</a>.<br /> - -Beaumontia, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bechium</i>, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -<i>Becium</i>, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_617">{617}</a></span>Beckera, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Begonia, <a href="#page_378">378</a>, <a href="#plt_107">pl. 107</a>.<br /> - -BEGONIACEAE, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>, <a href="#plt_107">pl. 107</a>.<br /> - -Behnia, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Beilschmiedia, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Belamcanda, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Bellardia, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bellevalia</i>, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Bellis, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Bellium, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Belmontia, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -Belonophora, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Bembicia, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bembycodium</i>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Bencomia, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Benincasa, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -<i>Berardia</i>, <a href="#page_237">237</a>, <a href="#page_238">238</a>.<br /> - -BERBERIDACEAE, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Berberis, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Berchemia, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Berenice, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -Bergia, <a href="#page_363">363</a>, <a href="#plt_100">pl. 100</a>.<br /> - -Berkheya, <a href="#page_548">548</a>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Berkheyopsis, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -<i>Berlinia</i>, <a href="#page_255">255</a>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Berlinia, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Bernieria, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Bersama, <a href="#page_342">342</a>, <a href="#plt_86">pl. 86</a>.<br /> - -Bertiera, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -<i>Berula</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Berzelia, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -<i>Berzelia</i>, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -Beta, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -<i>Betonica</i>, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -BETULACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_162">162</a>.<br /> - -Biarum, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Biasolettia, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Bicornella, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Bidens, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bifaria</i>, <a href="#page_175">175</a>.<br /> - -Bifora, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -BIGNONIACEAE, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_495">495</a>, <a href="#plt_137">pl. 137</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bingeria</i>, <a href="#page_304">304</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Biophytum, <a href="#page_291">291</a>, <a href="#plt_69">pl. 69</a>.<br /> - -Biscutella, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -Biserrula, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bismarkia</i>, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bivinia</i>, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Bivonaea, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Bixa, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -BIXACEAE, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -<i>BIXACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_366">366</a>, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -<i>Blackwellia</i>, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Blaeria, <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -Blainvillea, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Blastania, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -<i>Blatti</i>, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -<i>BLATTIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -Bleekrodia, <a href="#page_164">164</a>.<br /> - -Blepharis, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -Blepharispermum, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Blighia, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -<i>Blighia</i>, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -<i>Blitum</i>, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -Blumea, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Blyxa, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -Bobartia, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Bocagea, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Boeckeleria, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Boehmeria, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -Boerhavia, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Boissiera, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bojeria</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Bolbophyllum, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bolbophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bolboxalis</i>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Bolusanthus, <a href="#page_259">259</a>.<br /> - -Bolusia, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -BOMBACACEAE, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_353">353</a>, <a href="#plt_93">pl. 93</a>.<br /> - -Bombax, <a href="#page_353">353</a>, <a href="#plt_93">pl. 93</a>.<br /> - -Bonamia, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bonatea</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bonaveria</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bonjeania</i>, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bonnaya</i>, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Bonniera, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Boottia, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bopusia</i>, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>BORAGINEAE</i>, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Borassus, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -Borbonia, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -BORRAGINACEAE, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_463">463</a>, <a href="#plt_132">pl. 132</a>.<br /> - -<i>Borraginoides</i>, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Borrago, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Borreria, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Boscia, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Bosia, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Bosqueia, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Bosqueiopsis, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Boswellia, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bothriocline</i>, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -Bothriospermum, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -<i>Botor</i>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>.<br /> - -<i>Botryceras</i>, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -<i>Boucerosia</i>, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Bouchea, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bouetia</i>, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Bougainvillea, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Boussingaultia, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -Boutonia, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Bowiea, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -Bowkeria, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bowlesia</i>, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -Brabeium, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brachyachaenium</i>, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -Brachycarpaea, <a href="#page_220">220</a>.<br /> - -Brachycome, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Brachycorythis, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brachycorythis</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brachyelytrum</i>, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Brachylaena, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brachymeris</i>, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Brachypodium, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brachyrhynchos</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Brachysiphon, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -Brachystegia, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -Brachystelma, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brachystelma</i>, <a href="#page_456">456</a>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Brachystelmaria, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Brachystephanus, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Brackenridgea, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bracteolaria</i>, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bradburya</i>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bramia</i>, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Brandzeia, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Brasenia, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -Brassica, <a href="#page_221">221</a>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brassica</i>, <a href="#page_221">221</a>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brayera</i>, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Brazzeia, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brehmia</i>, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -Bremontiera, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -Breonia, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -<i>Breweria</i>, <a href="#page_459">459</a>, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Brexia, <a href="#page_234">234</a>, <a href="#plt_60">pl. 60</a>.<br /> - -Breynia, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bricchettia</i>, <a href="#page_319">319</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Bridelia, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bridelia</i>, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brignolia</i>, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -Brillantaisia, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Briza, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brizopyrum</i>, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brocchia</i>, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Brochoneura, <a href="#page_208">208</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brochoneura</i>, <a href="#page_208">208</a>.<br /> - -BROMELIACEAE, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -Bromus, <a href="#page_99">99</a>, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -<i>Broteroa</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Broussonetia, <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -Brownleea, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Brucea, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brugmansia</i>, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_618">{618}</a></span>Bruguiera, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -Brunella, <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Brunia, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -<i>Brunia</i>, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -BRUNIACEAE, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_236">236</a>, <a href="#plt_63">pl. 63</a>.<br /> - -Brunnichia, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Brunsvigia, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Bryodes, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Bryomorphe, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Bryonia, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bryonia</i>, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Bryonopsis, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Bryophyllum, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bubania</i>, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bubon</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bucculina</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Buchenroedera, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -Buchholzia, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -<i>Buchnera</i>, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Buchnerodendron, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Buddleia, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -<i>Buddleia</i>, <a href="#page_427">427</a>.<br /> - -Buechnera, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Buettnera, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -<i>BUETTNERIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -Buffonia, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -Buforrestia, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -Bulbine, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -Bulbinella, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bulbophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bulbostylis</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bulliarda</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bunburya</i>, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Bunias, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -Bunium, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -<i>Bunium</i>, <a href="#page_406">406</a>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Buphane, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Bupleurum, <a href="#page_405">405</a>, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -Burasaia, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Burchellia, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Burkea, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Burmannia, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -BURMANNIACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -Burnatastrum, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -Burnatia, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -BURSERACEAE, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>, <a href="#plt_75">pl. 75</a>.<br /> - -<i>Buseria</i>, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -Bussea, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -<i>Butayea</i>, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -BUTOMACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -<i>Butomopsis</i>, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -Butomus, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -Buttonia, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Butyrospermum, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -BUXACEAE, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Buxus, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Byrsanthus, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Byrsocarpus, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -<i>Byrsocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Byrsophyllum, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Bystropogon, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<i><a id="C"></a>Cacalia</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cacara</i>, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -Cachrys, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cacoucia</i>, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -CACTACEAE, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Cadaba, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cadalvena</i>, <a href="#page_146">146</a>.<br /> - -Cadia, <a href="#page_249">249</a>, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cadia</i>, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Cadiscus, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -Caesalpinia, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -<i>CAESALPINIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -Caesia, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cailliea</i>, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Cajanus, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -Cakile, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Caladium, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -<i>Caladium</i>, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -Calamagrostis, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calamintha</i>, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Calamus, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calamus</i>, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -Calanda, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -Calanthe, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Calantica, <a href="#page_371">371</a>, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calathea</i>, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -Calceolaria, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calceolaria</i>, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -Caldesia, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -Calendula, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Calepina, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calesiam</i>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Calicorema, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -<i>Callianassa</i>, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Calliandra, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -Callicarpa, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -Callichilia, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Calligonum, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Callilepis, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Callipeltis, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -CALLITRICHACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Callitriche, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Callitris, <a href="#page_71">71</a>, <a href="#plt_2">pl. 2</a>.<br /> - -Callopsis, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Calluna, <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -Calocrater, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Calodendron, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calodryum</i>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Caloncoba, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -Calonyction, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calophanes</i>, <a href="#page_505">505</a>, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Calophyllum, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Calopyxis, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Calostephane, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Calotropis, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Calpocalyx, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Calpurnia, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calvaria</i>, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Calvoa, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Calycopteris, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Calycotome, <a href="#page_267">267</a>.<br /> - -Calyptrocarpus, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Calyptrochilus, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Calyptrotheca, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -<i>Calysaccion</i>, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Calystegia, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Camarotea, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Camelina, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -<i>Camellia</i>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -<i>Camilleugenia</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Camoensia, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Campanula, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -CAMPANULACEAE, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_541">541</a>, <a href="#plt_149">pl. 149</a>.<br /> - -Camphorosma, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -Campnosperma, <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -Camptocarpus, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Camptolepis, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Camptoloma, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Camptostylus, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -<i>Campulosus</i>, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -Campylanthus, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>Campylochiton</i>, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -<i>Campylogyne</i>, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Campylostachys, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Campylostemon, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -Cananga, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Canarina, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Canarium, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -<i>Canarium</i>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Canavalia, <a href="#page_276">276</a>.<br /> - -<i>CANELLACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Canephora, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Canna, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Cannabis, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -CANNACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Cannomois, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Canscora, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -<i>Canscora</i>, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Cantharospermum, <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -<i>Canthium</i>, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cantuffa</i>, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -<i>Caopia</i>, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Caperonia, <a href="#page_311">311</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Capitanya, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_619">{619}</a></span>Capnophyllum, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -CAPPARIDACEAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_213">213</a>, <a href="#plt_54">pl. 54</a>.<br /> - -<i>CAPPARIDACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -Capparis, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Capraria, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -CAPRIFOLIACEAE, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_533">533</a>, <a href="#plt_145">pl. 145</a>.<br /> - -Capsella, <a href="#page_220">220</a>, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Capsicum, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -Carallia, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -Caralluma, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carandas</i>, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -Carapa, <a href="#page_304">304</a>, <a href="#page_306">306</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carapa</i>, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carbenia</i>, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -Cardamine, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cardanthera</i>, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Cardiochlamys, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Cardiogyne, <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -Cardiospermum, <a href="#page_336">336</a>.<br /> - -Cardopatium, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Carduncellus, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Carduus, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Carex, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Carica, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -CARICACEAE, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -Carissa, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -Carlina, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carolofritschia</i>, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -<i>Caroxylon</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -Carpacoce, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carpha</i>, <a href="#page_107">107</a>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Carphalea, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carphalea</i>, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Carpodinus, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carpodinus</i>, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Carpodiptera, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -Carpolobia, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carpolobia</i>, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carpolyza</i>, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Carponema, <a href="#page_220">220</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carregnoa</i>, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Carrichtera, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carruthia</i>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Carthamus, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Carum, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -<i>Carum</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Carvalhoa, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -CARYOPHYLLACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_191">191</a>, <a href="#plt_45">pl. 45</a>.<br /> - -<i>Caryophyllus</i>, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -Casearia, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Cassia, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -Cassine, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cassine</i>, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Cassinia, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Cassinopsis, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cassipourea</i>, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -Cassytha, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -Castalia, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -Castanea, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -Castilloa, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Casuarina, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -CASUARINACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -Catabrosa, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -Catananche, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Catapodium, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Catha, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cathastrum</i>, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Catophractes, <a href="#page_495">495</a>.<br /> - -Caucalis, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Caucalis</i>, <a href="#page_404">404</a>, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Caucanthus, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -<i>Caulinia</i>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -Cayaponia, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -Caylusea, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cebatha</i>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cedrela</i>, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -<i>CEDRELEAE</i>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Cedrelopsis, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Cedronella, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Cedrus, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Ceiba, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -CELASTRACEAE, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>, <a href="#plt_82">pl. 82</a>.<br /> - -<i>CELASTRACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -<i>Celastrus</i>, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Celosia, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Celsia, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Celtis, <a href="#page_164">164</a>.<br /> - -Cenchrus, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cenia</i>, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Centaurea, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Centauropsis, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Centella, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -Centema, <a href="#page_184">184</a>, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -<i>Centemopsis</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Centipeda, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Centotheca, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -Centranthus, <a href="#page_534">534</a>.<br /> - -Centratherum, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -Centroplacus, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Centrosema, <a href="#page_276">276</a>, <a href="#page_280">280</a>.<br /> - -Centunculus, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -Cephaëlis, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cephalandra</i>, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -Cephalanthera, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -Cephalanthus, <a href="#page_517">517</a>, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Cephalaria, <a href="#page_534">534</a>, <a href="#plt_147">pl. 147</a>.<br /> - -Cephalocroton, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Cephalocrotonopsis, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Cephalonema, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Cephalosphaera, <a href="#page_208">208</a>.<br /> - -Cephalostachyum, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Cephalostigma, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -Ceraria, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Cerastium, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cerastium</i>, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cerasus</i>, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Ceratandra, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -Ceratiosicyos, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ceratocaryum</i>, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ceratocephalus</i>, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ceratocnemon</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Ceratonia, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ceratophorus</i>, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -CERATOPHYLLACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -Ceratophyllum, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -Ceratosepalum, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Ceratostigma, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -Ceratotheca, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Cerbera, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -Cercestis, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cercestis</i>, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Cercopetalum, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Cereus, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Cerinthe, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -Ceriops, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cerolepis</i>, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Ceropegia, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Ceruana, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cervicina</i>, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cestichis</i>, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Cestrum, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -Chadsia, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -Chaenorrhinum, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -Chaenostoma, <a href="#page_493">493</a>, <a href="#plt_136">pl. 136</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chaerophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Chaerophyllum, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Chaetacanthus, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Chaetacme, <a href="#page_164">164</a>.<br /> - -Chaetobromus, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Chaetocarpus, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -Chaetosciadium, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chailletia</i>, <a href="#page_309">309</a>.<br /> - -<i>CHAILLETIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_309">309</a>.<br /> - -Chalazocarpus, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Chamaealoe, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Chamaelea, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -Chamaemeles, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chamaemelum</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Chamaenerium, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chamaepeuce</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_620">{620}</a></span>Chamaerops, <a href="#page_110">110</a>.<br /> - -Chamira, <a href="#page_220">220</a>.<br /> - -Chapeliera, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Charadrophila, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>Charia</i>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Charieis, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Chasalia, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Chasmanthera, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chasmanthera</i>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Cheiranthus, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Cheirolaena, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Cheirostylis, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Chelidonium, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Chenolea, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chenolea</i>, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -CHENOPODIACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>, <a href="#plt_40">pl. 40</a>.<br /> - -<i>CHENOPODIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chenopodina</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -Chenopodium, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -Chevreulia, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -Chilianthus, <a href="#page_427">427</a>.<br /> - -Chiliocephalum, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Chilocalyx, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Chionothrix, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Chironia, <a href="#page_432">432</a>, <a href="#plt_128">pl. 128</a>.<br /> - -CHLAENACEAE, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_347">347</a>, <a href="#plt_90">pl. 90</a>.<br /> - -Chlamydacanthus, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Chlamydocardia, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Chlamydocarya, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -Chlamydojatropha, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chlamydophora</i>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Chlora, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Chloridion, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Chloris, <a href="#page_92">92</a>, <a href="#plt_8">pl. 8</a>.<br /> - -Chlorocodon, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Chlorocyathus, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chloromyrtus</i>, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chloropatane</i>, <a href="#page_208">208</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Chlorophora, <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -Chlorophytum, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chlorophytum</i>, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Chloryllis, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Choananthus, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chomelia</i>, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Chondrilla, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Choristylis, <a href="#page_235">235</a>.<br /> - -Choritaenia, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Chortolirion, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Christiania, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -<i>Christiania</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Chrozophora, <a href="#page_311">311</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chrysalidocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Chrysanthellum, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Chrysanthemum, <a href="#page_566">566</a>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Chrysithrix, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Chrysobalanus, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -Chrysocoma, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chrysocoma</i>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Chrysophyllum, <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chrysopia</i>, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chrysopogon</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -<i>Chrysurus</i>, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Chymococca, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -Chytranthus, <a href="#page_337">337</a>, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cicca</i>, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Cicendia, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Cicer, <a href="#page_261">261</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cicerbita</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Cichorium, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Cienfuegosia, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -Cinchona, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Cincinnobotrys, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Cineraria, <a href="#page_566">566</a>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Cinnamomum, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Cinnamosma, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Cipadessa, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -Circaea, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -<i>Circinus</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Cirrhopetalum, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -Cirsium, <a href="#page_551">551</a>, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cissampelos</i>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Cissampelos, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Cissus, <a href="#page_346">346</a>, <a href="#plt_89">pl. 89</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cissus</i>, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -CISTACEAE, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_365">365</a>, <a href="#plt_102">pl. 102</a>.<br /> - -Cistanche, <a href="#page_500">500</a>, <a href="#plt_139">pl. 139</a>.<br /> - -Cistanthera, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Cistus, <a href="#page_365">365</a>, <a href="#plt_102">pl. 102</a>.<br /> - -Citrullus, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Citrus, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Cladanthus, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cladanthus</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Cladium, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cladosicyos</i>, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Cladostemon, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Cladostigma, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Claoxylon, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -<i>Clathrospermum</i>, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Clausena, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Cleanthe, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -Cleidion, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -Cleistachne, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -Cleistanthus, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -Cleistochlamys, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Cleistopholis, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Clematis, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Cleome, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cleome</i>, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Cleomodendron, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Cleonia, <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Clerodendron, <a href="#page_470">470</a>, <a href="#plt_133">pl. 133</a>.<br /> - -<i>Clerodendron</i>, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Clethra, <a href="#page_415">415</a>.<br /> - -CLETHRACEAE, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Cliffortia, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Clinogyne, <a href="#page_149">149</a>, <a href="#plt_25">pl. 25</a>.<br /> - -<i>Clinogyne</i>, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -<i>Clinopodium</i>, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Clitandra, <a href="#page_436">436</a>, <a href="#plt_129">pl. 129</a>.<br /> - -Clitoria, <a href="#page_276">276</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -<i>Clitoria</i>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>.<br /> - -Clivia, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Cloiselia, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -<i>CLUSIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -Cluytia, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -Cluytiandra, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Clypeola, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cnemidostachys</i>, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -CNEORACEAE, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cneorum</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -Cnestis, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Cnicus, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cnicus</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Cnidium, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Coccinia, <a href="#page_536">536</a>, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -<i>Coccobryon</i>, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -<i>Coccosperma</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Cocculus, <a href="#page_201">201</a>, <a href="#plt_47">pl. 47</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cocculus</i>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -Cochlanthus, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cochlearia</i>, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -COCHLOSPERMACEAE, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Cochlospermum, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Cockburnia, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -Cocos, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -Codon, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -Codonostigma, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -<i>Codonura</i>, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Coelachne, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Coelachyrum, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Coelanthum, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Coelidium, <a href="#page_263">263</a>.<br /> - -Coelocarpus, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Coelocaryon, <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -Coffea, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -Cogniauxia, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Cohnia, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -<i>Coilostigma</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Coinochlamys, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -Coix, <a href="#page_83">83</a>.<br /> - -Cola, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -<i>COLCHICACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -Colchicum, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_621">{621}</a></span>Coldenia, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -Colea, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -Coleonema, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -Coleotrype, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -Coleus, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -<i>Colobachne</i>, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Colobanthus, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -Colocasia, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -<i>Colocynthis</i>, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Colpias, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -<i>Colpodium</i>, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -Colpoon, <a href="#page_172">172</a>.<br /> - -Colubrina, <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -Colutea, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -<i>Coluteastrum</i>, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -Colvillea, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -COMBRETACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_389">389</a>, pl. <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -<i>COMBRETACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -Combretum, <a href="#page_390">390</a>, <a href="#plt_113">pl. 113</a>.<br /> - -<i>Combretum</i>, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Cometes, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Cometia, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Commelina, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -COMMELINACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_122">122</a>, <a href="#plt_16">pl. 16</a>.<br /> - -Commidendron, <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -Commiphora, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -COMPOSITAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_544">544</a>, <a href="#plt_150">pl. 150</a>.<br /> - -Conchopetalum, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -<i>Coniandra</i>, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -<i>CONIFERAE</i>, <a href="#page_70">70</a>.<br /> - -Conium, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -CONNARACEAE, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_243">243</a>, <a href="#plt_66">pl. 66</a>.<br /> - -Connarus, <a href="#page_243">243</a>, <a href="#plt_66">pl. 66</a>.<br /> - -Conocarpus, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Conomitra, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -Conopharyngia, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Conopodium, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -<i>Conopodium</i>, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -<i>Conosapium</i>, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -Conringia, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -CONVOLVULACEAE, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>, <a href="#plt_131">pl. 131</a>.<br /> - -Convolvulus, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -<i>Convolvulus</i>, <a href="#page_460">460</a>, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Conyza, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -<i>Copaiba</i>, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -Copaifera, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -<i>Coptosperma</i>, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Corallocarpus, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -<i>Corbularia</i>, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Corchorus, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Cordeauxia, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -Cordia, <a href="#page_463">463</a>, <a href="#plt_132">pl. 132</a>.<br /> - -Cordyla, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cordyline</i>, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -Cordylocarpus, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Cordylogyne, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Corema, <a href="#page_325">325</a>.<br /> - -Coreopsis, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Coriandrum, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Coriaria, <a href="#page_325">325</a>.<br /> - -CORIARIACEAE, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_325">325</a>.<br /> - -Coridothymus, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -Coris, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -CORNACEAE, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -<i>CORNACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cornicina</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Cornulaca, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Cornus, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Coronilla, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Coronopus, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -Corrigiola, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -Corycium, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -Corydalis, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Corylus, <a href="#page_162">162</a>.<br /> - -<i>Corymbis</i>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Corymbium, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Corymborchis, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Corymbostachys, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Corynanthe, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -<i>Corynanthe</i>, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Corynephorus, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Cosmos, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Cossignia, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -Cossonia, <a href="#page_222">222</a>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Costularia, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Costus, <a href="#page_146">146</a>.<br /> - -Cotoneaster, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -Cottsia, <a href="#page_306">306</a>.<br /> - -Cotula, <a href="#page_565">565</a>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>, <a href="#page_567">567</a>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>, <a href="#page_579">579</a>, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Cotyledon, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Cotylodiscus, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Cotylonychia, <a href="#page_355">355</a>.<br /> - -Coula, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Courbonia, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -<i>Courrantia</i>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Courtoisia, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Crabbea, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cracca</i>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>.<br /> - -Craibia, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Crambe, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cranzia</i>, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Craspedorhachis, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -Craspidosperma, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -<i>Crassocephalum</i>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Crassula, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -CRASSULACEAE, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>, <a href="#plt_59">pl. 59</a>.<br /> - -<i>Crassuvia</i>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -<i>Crataegus</i>, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -Crataeva, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Craterispermum, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -Craterosiphon, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -Craterostemma, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Craterostigma, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Cremaspora, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Cremocarpus, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Crepis, <a href="#page_546">546</a>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Cressa, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Crinum, <a href="#page_138">138</a>, <a href="#plt_19">pl. 19</a>.<br /> - -Crioceras, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Crithmum, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -<i>Crocodiloides</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -<i>Crocosmia</i>, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Crocus, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -Crocyllis, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Crossandra, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Crossandrella, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -Crossonephelis, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Crossopteryx, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Crossostemma, <a href="#page_375">375</a>.<br /> - -Crossotropis, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -Crotalaria, <a href="#page_263">263</a>.<br /> - -Croton, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Crotonogyne, <a href="#page_311">311</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Crotonogyne</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Crotonogynopsis, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Crucianella, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -CRUCIFERAE, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_216">216</a>, <a href="#plt_53">pl. 53</a>.<br /> - -Crudia, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Crupina, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Crypsis, <a href="#page_83">83</a>.<br /> - -Cryptadenia, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -Cryptocarya, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Cryptogyne, <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -Cryptolepis, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cryptolepis</i>, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -Cryptopus, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Cryptosepalum, <a href="#page_252">252</a>, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Cryptostegia, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cryptostemma</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Cryptostephanus, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Cryptotaenia, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Ctenium, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ctenolepis</i>, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ctenomeria</i>, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Ctenophrynium, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ctenopsis</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Ctenorchis, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cubeba</i>, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_622">{622}</a></span>Cucubalus, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Cucumeropsis, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Cucumis, <a href="#page_537">537</a>, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Cucurbita, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -CUCURBITACEAE, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_535">535</a>, <a href="#plt_148">pl. 148</a>.<br /> - -Culcasia, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Cullumia, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -Cullumiopsis, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Cuminum, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -Cunonia, <a href="#page_235">235</a>.<br /> - -CUNONIACEAE, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_235">235</a>, <a href="#plt_62">pl. 62</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cupania</i>, <a href="#page_339">339</a>, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Cuphea, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cuphocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Cupressus, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -<i>CUPULIFERAE</i>, <a href="#page_162">162</a>, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -Curculigo, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Curcuma, <a href="#page_146">146</a>.<br /> - -Curroria, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -Curtisia, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Cuscuta, <a href="#page_458">458</a>.<br /> - -Cussonia, <a href="#page_400">400</a>, <a href="#plt_118">pl. 118</a>.<br /> - -Cutandia, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -Cuviera, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -Cyamopsis, <a href="#page_281">281</a>, <a href="#page_284">284</a>.<br /> - -CYANASTRACEAE, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Cyanastrum, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Cyanella, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyanopis</i>, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyanothyrsus</i>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Cyanotis, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyatanthus</i>, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -Cyathogyne, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Cyathula, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -CYCADACEAE, <a href="#page_1">1</a>, <a href="#page_69">69</a>, <a href="#plt_1">pl. 1</a>.<br /> - -Cycas, <a href="#page_69">69</a>.<br /> - -Cyclamen, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -Cyclantheropsis, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -Cyclocampe, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Cyclocarpa, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Cyclocheilon, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Cyclocotyla, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyclonema</i>, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Cyclopia, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -Cycloptychis, <a href="#page_220">220</a>.<br /> - -Cyclostemon, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Cycniopsis, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Cycnium, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Cydonia, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -Cylicodiscus, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Cylicomorpha, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -Cylindrocline, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Cylindrolepis, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cylindropsis</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Cylista, <a href="#page_279">279</a>, <a href="#page_282">282</a>.<br /> - -Cymbalaria, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -Cymbidium, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cymbopogon</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Cymbosepalum, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -Cymodocea, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cymodocea</i>, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -Cynanchum, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cynanchum</i>, <a href="#page_446">446</a>, <a href="#page_448">448</a>, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Cynara, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cynaropsis</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -CYNOCRAMBACEAE, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Cynocrambe, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cynoctonum</i>, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Cynodon, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -Cynoglossum, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Cynometra, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cynometra</i>, <a href="#page_253">253</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -CYNOMORIACEAE, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Cynomorium, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Cynorchis, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cynosorchis</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Cynosurus, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -CYPERACEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_106">106</a>, <a href="#plt_9">pl. 9</a>.<br /> - -Cyperus, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyperus</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Cyphia, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Cyphocarpa, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyphocarpa</i>, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -Cyphochlaena, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cypholepis</i>, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Cypselodontia, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -<i>CYRTANDREAE</i>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -Cyrtanthus, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -Cyrtogonone, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyrtopera</i>, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Cyrtopodium, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Cyrtosperma, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cyrtoxiphus</i>, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -<i>Cysticapnos</i>, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Cystistemon, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -<i>CYTINACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -Cytinus, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -Cytisus, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="D"></a>Daboecia, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Dactyliandra, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Dactylis, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -Dactyloctenium, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Dactylopetalum, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -Daemia, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -Daïs, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -Dalbergia, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_286">286</a>.<br /> - -Dalechampia, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Dalhousiea, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -<i>Damapana</i>, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Damasonium, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -<i>Damatris</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Danais, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Daniellia, <a href="#page_255">255</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -<i>Daniellia</i>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Danthonia, <a href="#page_99">99</a>, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Danthonia</i>, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Daphne, <a href="#page_383">383</a>.<br /> - -<i>Daphniphyllum</i>, <a href="#page_319">319</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Dasylepis, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dasylepis</i>, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Dasysphaera, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Dasystachys, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Datura, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -Daubenya, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -Daucus, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -<i>Daucus</i>, <a href="#page_404">404</a>, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -<i>Debesia</i>, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Debregeasia, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -Decabelone, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Decaceras, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Decalepis</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Decanema, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -Decanemopsis, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -<i>Decaneurum</i>, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -Deckenia, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -<i>Deckera</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Deeringia, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -<i>Deguelia</i>, <a href="#page_286">286</a>.<br /> - -Deidamia, <a href="#page_375">375</a>.<br /> - -Deinbollia, <a href="#page_340">340</a>, <a href="#page_341">341</a>, <a href="#plt_85">pl. 85</a>.<br /> - -<i>Deinbollia</i>, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Dekindtia, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Delamerea, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Delognaea, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -Delphinium, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Delpydora, <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -Demeusea, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -<i>Demidium</i>, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Dendrocalamus, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Dendrosicyos, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Denekia, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Dermatobotrys, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -<i>Deroemeria</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Derris, <a href="#page_286">286</a>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -<i>Derris</i>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Desbordesia, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -Deschampsia, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Descurainia, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Desmanthus, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -Desmazeria, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -<i>Desmochaeta</i>, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -Desmodium, <a href="#page_271">271</a>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_623">{623}</a></span><i>Desmodium</i>, <a href="#page_261">261</a>.<br /> - -Desmonema, <a href="#page_201">201</a>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -<i>Desmophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -Desmostachya, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Desmostachys, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Desplatzia, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -<i>Desplatzia</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Detarium, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -<i>Detris</i>, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -<i>Deverra</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Dewevrea, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -Dewevrella, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Dewildemania, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Dewindtia, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -<i>Deyeuxia</i>, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Dialiopsis, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -Dialium, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dialium</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Dialypetalum, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Dianella, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dianthella</i>, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dianthera</i>, <a href="#page_215">215</a>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Dianthoseris, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Dianthus, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Diapedium, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diaphycarpus</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Diascia, <a href="#page_490">490</a>, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Diaspis, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diastella</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Diberara, <a href="#page_238">238</a>.<br /> - -Dicellandra, <a href="#page_395">395</a>.<br /> - -Diceratella, <a href="#page_216">216</a>.<br /> - -Dichaelia, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dichaelia</i>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Dichaetanthera, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -DICHAPETALACEAE, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_309">309</a>, <a href="#plt_79">pl. 79</a>.<br /> - -Dichapetalum, <a href="#page_309">309</a>, <a href="#plt_79">pl. 79</a>.<br /> - -Dicheranthus, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Dichilus, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -Dichondra, <a href="#page_458">458</a>.<br /> - -Dichostemma, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dichroanthus</i>, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Dichrocephala, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -Dichrostachys, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Dicliptera, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dicliptera</i>, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Diclis, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -Dicoma, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -Dicoryphe, <a href="#page_238">238</a>.<br /> - -Dicraea, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dicraea</i>, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Dicraeanthus, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Dicraeopetalum, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Dicranolepis, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dicranotaenia</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Dictyandra, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Dictyochloa, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Dictyosperma, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Didelotia, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -<i>Didelotia</i>, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -Didelta, <a href="#page_548">548</a>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -<i>Didesmus</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Didierea, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -<i>DIDIEREACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -Didymocarpus, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -<i>Didymodoxa</i>, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -Dierama, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dietes</i>, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Digera, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Digitalis, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -<i>Digitaria</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Dignathia, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Dilatris, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Dillenia, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -DILLENIACEAE, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_358">358</a>, <a href="#plt_96">pl. 96</a>.<br /> - -Dilobeia, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -Dimorphochlamys, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Dimorphotheca, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_561">561</a>, <a href="#page_564">564</a>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dinacria</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dineba</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Dinebra, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Dinklagea, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Dinophora, <a href="#page_393">393</a>.<br /> - -Dintera, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Dioclea, <a href="#page_268">268</a>.<br /> - -Diodia, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Dioncophyllum, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Dionychia, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Dioscorea, <a href="#page_140">140</a>, <a href="#plt_21">pl. 21</a>.<br /> - -DIOSCOREACEAE, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_140">140</a>, <a href="#plt_21">pl. 21</a>.<br /> - -Dioscoreophyllum, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Diosma, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -Diospyros, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Diotis, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Dipcadi, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diphaca</i>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -Diphasia, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Dipidax, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -Diplachne, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diplachne</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diplacrum</i>, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Diplanthemum, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -Diplanthera, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diplochonium</i>, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diplocrater</i>, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Diplocyathus, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Diplolophium, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diplopappus</i>, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -Diplorrhynchus, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -<i>Diplospora</i>, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Diplostigma, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -Diplotaxis, <a href="#page_221">221</a>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -DIPSACACEAE, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_534">534</a>, <a href="#plt_147">pl. 147</a>.<br /> - -Dipsacus, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dipteracanthus</i>, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -DIPTEROCARPACEAE, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -<i>DIPTEROCARPACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Dipteropeltis, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Dipterygium, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Dirachma, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -Dirichletia, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Disa, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -<i>Disa</i>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Dischisma, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dischistocalyx</i>, <a href="#page_506">506</a>, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -<i>Discocapnos</i>, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -<i>Discoclaoxylon</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Discoglypremna, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Discopodium, <a href="#page_482">482</a>, <a href="#plt_135">pl. 135</a>.<br /> - -Disparago, <a href="#page_561">561</a>, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -Disperis, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -Disperma, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Dissomeria, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Dissotis, <a href="#page_394">394</a>, <a href="#plt_115">pl. 115</a>.<br /> - -Distemonanthus, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -Distichocalyx, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dittelasma</i>, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Dobera, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dobrowskya</i>, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Dodonaea, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -Dolichandrone, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dolichandrone</i>, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dolicholus</i>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>.<br /> - -Dolichometra, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Dolichos, <a href="#page_277">277</a>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dolichos</i>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Dombeya, <a href="#page_357">357</a>, <a href="#plt_94">pl. 94</a>.<br /> - -Donaldsonia, <a href="#page_375">375</a>.<br /> - -<i>Donax</i>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -Dopatrium, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -<i>Doratanthera</i>, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Doratoxylon, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -<i>Doria</i>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Doronicum, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Dorstenia, <a href="#page_165">165</a>, <a href="#plt_31">pl. 31</a>.<br /> - -Doryalis, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Doryanthes, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -Dorycnium, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dorycnopsis</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Dovea, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_624">{624}</a></span><i>Dovyalis</i>, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Draba, <a href="#page_219">219</a>, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -Dracaena, <a href="#page_134">134</a>, <a href="#plt_18">pl. 18</a>.<br /> - -Dracunculus, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Drake-Brockmania, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dregea</i>, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Drepanocarpus, <a href="#page_286">286</a>.<br /> - -Drimia, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Drimiopsis, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -Droguetia, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -Droogmansia, <a href="#page_261">261</a>.<br /> - -Drosera, <a href="#page_230">230</a>, <a href="#plt_56">pl. 56</a>.<br /> - -DROSERACEAE, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_230">230</a>, <a href="#plt_56">pl. 56</a>.<br /> - -Drosophyllum, <a href="#page_230">230</a>.<br /> - -Drusa, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -Drymaria, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Drypetes, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -<i>Drypetes</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Duboscia, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -<i>Duboscia</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Ducrosia, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Dumasia, <a href="#page_279">279</a>.<br /> - -Dumoria, <a href="#page_421">421</a>, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Duparquetia, <a href="#page_251">251</a>, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -Duranta, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Duvalia, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Duvernoia, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Dyerophyton, <a href="#page_420">420</a>, <a href="#plt_123">pl. 123</a>.<br /> - -<i>Dypsidium</i>, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Dypsis, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Dyschoriste, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="E"></a>EBENACEAE, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_424">424</a>, <a href="#plt_125">pl. 125</a>.<br /> - -Ebenus, <a href="#page_284">284</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ebermaiera</i>, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ecastaphyllum</i>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -Ecballium, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Ecbolium, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ecbolium</i>, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -<i>Echeveria</i>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Echidnopsis, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Echinaria, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Echinodorus, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -<i>Echinolaena</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Echinophora, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -Echinops, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -<i>Echinopsilon</i>, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -Echinopteris, <a href="#page_306">306</a>.<br /> - -<i>Echinospermum</i>, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -<i>Echinothamnus</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -<i>Echinus</i>, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Echiochilon, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -Echium, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ecklonia</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Eclipta, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Ecpoma, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Ectadiopsis, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -Ectadium, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ectinocladus</i>, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Edithcolea, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -<i>Edwardia</i>, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -Eenia, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -<i>Egassea</i>, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -Ehretia, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -Ehrharta, <a href="#page_94">94</a>.<br /> - -Eichhornia, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Ekebergia, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -ELAEAGNACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_383">383</a>.<br /> - -Elaeagnus, <a href="#page_383">383</a>.<br /> - -Elaeis, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -ELAEOCARPACEAE, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Elaeocarpus, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Elaeodendron, <a href="#page_331">331</a>, <a href="#plt_82">pl. 82</a>.<br /> - -<i>Elaeodendron</i>, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Elaeophorbia, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Elaeoselinum, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Elaeoselinum</i>, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -ELATINACEAE, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_393">393</a>, <a href="#plt_100">pl. 100</a>.<br /> - -Elatine, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -Elatinoides, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -Elatostema, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -Elegia, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eleocharis</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Elephantopus, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Elephantorrhiza, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Elettaria, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eleusine</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Eleusine, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Eliaea, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -<i>Elichrysum</i>, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -Elionurus, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Ellertonia, <a href="#page_441">441</a>.<br /> - -Elsholtzia, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Elymus, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -<i>Elynanthus</i>, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Elytraria, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Elytropappus, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Elytrophorus, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Embelia, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Emex, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Emicocarpus, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -<i>Emilia</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -<i>Emiliomarcelia</i>, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -Eminia, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -EMPETRACEAE, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_325">325</a>.<br /> - -Empetrum, <a href="#page_325">325</a>.<br /> - -Emplectanthus, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Empleuridium, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Empleurum, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Empogona, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Enalus, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -Enantia, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Enarthrocarpus, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -Encephalartos, <a href="#page_69">69</a>, <a href="#plt_1">pl. 1</a>.<br /> - -<i>Enchysia</i>, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Endacanthus, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -Endodesmia, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Endonema, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -<i>Endonema</i>, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -Endosiphon, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Endostemon, <a href="#page_472">472</a>.<br /> - -<i>Endotropis</i>, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -<i>Endymion</i>, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Englerastrum, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Engleria, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Englerodaphne, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -Englerodendron, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Enicostemma, <a href="#page_432">432</a>.<br /> - -<i>Enneapogon</i>, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Entada, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Entandrophragma, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -Enteropogon, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Enterospermum, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Entoplocamia, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Enydra, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Epallage, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Epaltes, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Ephedra, <a href="#page_72">72</a>.<br /> - -Ephippiandra, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -<i>Epiclastopelma</i>, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Epilobium, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -<i>Epilobium</i>, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -Epimedium, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Epinetrum, <a href="#page_200">200</a>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Epipactis, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -<i>Epiphora</i>, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -<i>Epipogon</i>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -<i>Epischoenus</i>, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Epitaberna, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Epithema, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -Eragrostis, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eragrostis</i>, <a href="#page_92">92</a>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Eranthemum, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eranthemum</i>, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erblichia</i>, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -Erechthites, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Eremia, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eremiopsis</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Eremobium, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Eremochlaena, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eremolaena</i>, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eremomastax</i>, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eremopyrum</i>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Eremospatha, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_625">{625}</a></span>Eremothamnus, <a href="#page_558">558</a>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eriander</i>, <a href="#page_297">297</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Eriandrostachys, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Erianthus, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eribroma</i>, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -Erica, <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erica</i>, <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -ERICACEAE, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_415">415</a>, pl. <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -<i>ERICACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_415">415</a>.<br /> - -Ericinella, <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -Erigeron, <a href="#page_567">567</a>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>, <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -Erinacea, <a href="#page_267">267</a>.<br /> - -Erinus, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Eriobotrya, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -ERIOCAULACEAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, 121 <a href="#plt_15">pl. 15</a>.<br /> - -Eriocaulon, <a href="#page_121">121</a>.<br /> - -Eriocephalus, <a href="#page_564">564</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eriocephalus</i>, <a href="#page_564">564</a>.<br /> - -Eriochloa, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Eriocoelum, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eriodendron</i>, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erioglossum</i>, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Eriophorum, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Eriosema, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>, <a href="#page_279">279</a>, <a href="#page_282">282</a>.<br /> - -Eriospermum, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Eriosphaera, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eriospora</i>, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Eriospora, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Eriothrix, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Eritrichium, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Erlangea, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ernestimeyera</i>, <a href="#page_516">516</a>.<br /> - -Erodium, <a href="#page_290">290</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erophaca</i>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erophila</i>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Eruca, <a href="#page_224">224</a>, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -Erucaria, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erucaria</i>, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Erucastrum, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Ervatamia, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ervum</i>, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Eryngium, <a href="#page_403">403</a>.<br /> - -Erysimum, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Erythraea, <a href="#page_430">430</a>, <a href="#page_432">432</a>.<br /> - -Erythrina, <a href="#page_281">281</a>.<br /> - -Erythrocephalum, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -Erythrochlamys, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -Erythrococca, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -Erythrophloeum, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Erythrophysa, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erythropyxis</i>, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -Erythroselinum, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Erythrospermum, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -<i>Erythrostictus</i>, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -ERYTHROXYLACEAE, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>, <a href="#plt_71">pl. 71</a>.<br /> - -Erythroxylon, <a href="#page_293">293</a>, <a href="#plt_71">pl. 71</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ethanium</i>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Ethulia, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Euadenia, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Eucalyptus, <a href="#page_391">391</a>.<br /> - -Euchaetis, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -Euchlaena, <a href="#page_83">83</a>.<br /> - -Euchlora, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -<i>Euclaste</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Euclea, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Euclidium, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Eucomis, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eudianthe</i>, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eufragia</i>, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Eugenia, <a href="#page_392">392</a>, <a href="#plt_114">pl. 114</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eugenia</i>, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eulalia</i>, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -Eulenburgia, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Eulophia, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -<i>Eulophia</i>, <a href="#page_156">156</a>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -Eulophidium, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -Eulophiella, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Eulophiopsis, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Eumorphia, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Eupatorium, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -<i>Euphorbia</i>, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Euphorbia, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -EUPHORBIACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_309">309</a>, <a href="#plt_80">pl. 80</a>.<br /> - -<i>EUPHORBIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Euphoria, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -<i>Euphoria</i>, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -Euphrasia, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Eureiandra, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Eurotia, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -<i>Euryandra</i>, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Eurylobium, <a href="#page_467">467</a>.<br /> - -Euryops, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Eurypetalum, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -Eustegia, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -Euthystachys, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -<i>Euxolus</i>, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -<i>Evacidium</i>, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Evax, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Evodia, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Evolvulus, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Evonymus, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Exacum, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -Excoecaria, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -<i>Excoecaria</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -<i>Excoecariopsis</i>, <a href="#page_317">317</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Exechostylus, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Exocarpus, <a href="#page_172">172</a>.<br /> - -<i>Exochaenium</i>, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -Exomis, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -Eylesia, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<i><a id="F"></a>Faba</i>, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -<i>FABACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fabricia</i>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fadogia</i>, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -FAGACEAE, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -Fagara, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Fagelia, <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -Fagonia, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Fagopyrum, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Faguetia, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -Falcaria, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Falkia, <a href="#page_458">458</a>.<br /> - -Fanninia, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Faroa, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Farquharia, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Farsetia, <a href="#page_217">217</a>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -<i>Farsetia</i>, <a href="#page_217">217</a>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Faujasia, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Faurea, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Fedia, <a href="#page_534">534</a>.<br /> - -Feeria, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -Fegimanra, <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -Felicia, <a href="#page_567">567</a>, <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ferdinandia</i>, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Feretia, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Fernandia, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Fernelia, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Ferraria, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Ferula, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ferula</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Ferulago, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Festuca, <a href="#page_93">93</a>, <a href="#page_96">96</a>, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Festuca</i>, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Fibigia, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Ficalhoa, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ficaria</i>, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Ficinia, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ficinia</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>FICOIDEAE</i>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Ficus, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fidelia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Filago, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Filetia, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Filicium, <a href="#page_336">336</a>.<br /> - -Filipendula, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Fillaea, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Fillaeopsis, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Fimbristylis, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Fingerhuthia, <a href="#page_94">94</a>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Fintelmannia, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Firmiana, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_626">{626}</a></span>Flabellaria, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -Flacourtia, <a href="#page_373">373</a>, <a href="#plt_104">pl. 104</a>.<br /> - -FLACOURTIACEAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_367">367</a>, <a href="#plt_104">pl. 104</a>.<br /> - -<i>FLACOURTIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_424">424</a>.<br /> - -Flagellaria, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -FLAGELLARIACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -Flagenium, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Flanagania, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -Flaveria, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -Flemingia, <a href="#page_274">274</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>.<br /> - -Fleurya, <a href="#page_169">169</a>, <a href="#plt_32">pl. 32</a>.<br /> - -Floscopa, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -Flueggea, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Fockea, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -Foeniculum, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Foetidia, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -<i>Folotsia</i>, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Forcipella, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Forficaria, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Forgesia, <a href="#page_235">235</a>.<br /> - -Forrestia, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -Forskohlea, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -Forsythiopsis, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Fourcroya, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fournaea</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fradinia</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Fragaria, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -<i>Franchetella</i>, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -Franchetia, <a href="#page_238">238</a>.<br /> - -<i>Francoeuria</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Frankenia, <a href="#page_364">364</a>.<br /> - -<i>Frankenia</i>, <a href="#page_364">364</a>.<br /> - -FRANKENIACEAE, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, 363 .<br /> - -Fraxinus, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Freesia, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -Fresenia, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Freylinia, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Fritillaria, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fropiera</i>, <a href="#page_391">391</a>.<br /> - -Fuchsia, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fugosia</i>, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -Fuirena, <a href="#page_110">110</a>.<br /> - -<i>Fuirena</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Fumana, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -Fumaria, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -<i>FUMARIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Funtumia, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -<i>Furcraea</i>, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="G"></a>Gabunia, <a href="#page_439">439</a>, <a href="#page_441">441</a>.<br /> - -Gaertnera, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gaertnera</i> <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -Gagea, <a href="#page_125">125</a>, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -Gagnebina, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Gaillardia, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Gaillonia, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Galactia, <a href="#page_279">279</a>.<br /> - -Galactites, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Galaxia, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -<i>Galedupa</i>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -Galega, <a href="#page_268">268</a>, <a href="#page_284">284</a>.<br /> - -Galenia, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -Galeola, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -Galera, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -<i>Galilea</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Galiniera, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -Galinsoga, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Galium, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Galopina, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Galphimia, <a href="#page_306">306</a>.<br /> - -Galpinia, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -Galtonia, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Gamolepis, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gamopoda</i>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Garcinia, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Gardenia, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Garuleum, <a href="#page_564">564</a>, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Gasteria, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Gastonia, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Gastridium, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gastridium</i>, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -Gastrocotyle, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Gastrodia, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -Gaudinia, <a href="#page_90">90</a>, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Gazania, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -<i>Geaya</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Geigeria, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -<i>Geigeria</i>, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Geissaspis, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Geissoloma, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -GEISSOLOMATACEAE, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -Geissorhiza, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Gelonium, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gendarussa</i>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Geniosporum, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -Geniostoma, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -<i>Genipa</i>, <a href="#page_526">526</a>, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Genista, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Genlisea, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gennaria</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -GENTIANACEAE, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_429">429</a>, <a href="#plt_128">pl. 128</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gentilia</i>, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -Genyorchis, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -<i>Geocaryum</i>, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Geopanax, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Geophila, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -Geosiris, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -GERANIACEAE, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_289">289</a>, <a href="#plt_68">pl. 68</a>.<br /> - -<i>GERANIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_290">290</a>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>, <a href="#page_343">343</a>.<br /> - -Geranium, <a href="#page_290">290</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gerardianella</i>, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Gerardiina, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gerardiopsis</i>, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Gerbera, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -<i>Germanea</i>, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -<i>Geropogon</i>, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Gerrardanthus, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gerrardanthus</i>, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -Gerrardina, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -GESNERACEAE, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>, <a href="#plt_140">pl. 140</a>.<br /> - -Gesnouinia, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -Gethyllis, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Geum, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Ghikaea, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gibbaria</i>, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -Giesekia, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gigalobium</i>, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -<i>Giganthemum</i>, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Gigasiphon, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -Gilgia, <a href="#page_311">311</a>.<br /> - -Gilletiella, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Girardinia, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -<i>Githago</i>, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Givotia, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -Gladiolus, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -Glaucium, <a href="#page_213">213</a>.<br /> - -Gleditschia, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -<i>Glia</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Glinus, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Glischrocolla, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -Globularia, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -<i>Globularia</i>, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -GLOBULARIACEAE, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -Gloriosa, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Glossocalyx, <a href="#page_208">208</a>, <a href="#plt_50">pl. 50</a>.<br /> - -Glossochilus, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -Glossolepis, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Glossonema, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -<i>Glossonema</i>, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -<i>Glossopholis</i>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -<i>Glossostelma</i>, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -Glossostephanus, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Glumicalyx, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Gluta, <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -Glyceria, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Glyceria</i>, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Glycideras, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Glycine, <a href="#page_275">275</a>, <a href="#page_279">279</a>, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_284">284</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_627">{627}</a></span>Glycosmis, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Glycyrrhiza, <a href="#page_268">268</a>.<br /> - -Glyphaea, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Gnaphalium, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -GNETACEAE, <a href="#page_1">1</a>, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Gnetum, <a href="#page_72">72</a>.<br /> - -Gnidia, <a href="#page_381">381</a>, <a href="#page_382">382</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gomphia</i>, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -Gomphocalyx, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Gomphocarpus, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Gomphostigma, <a href="#page_427">427</a>.<br /> - -Gomphrena, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Gonatopus, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -Gongrothamnus, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Goniolimon, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Gonioma, <a href="#page_441">441</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gonocrypta</i>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Gonospermum, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -GOODENIACEAE, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -Goodyera, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Gorteria, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -Gosela, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Gossweilera, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Gossypium, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -Gouania, <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -Graderia, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -GRAMINEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_79">79</a>, <a href="#plt_8">pl. 8</a>.<br /> - -Grammangis, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -Grammanthes, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Grammatophyllum, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Grammatotheca, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>GRANATEAE</i>, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -Grandidiera, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -Grangea, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -Grangeria, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -<i>Grantia</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Graptophyllum, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Gravesia, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -<i>Greenovia</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Grevea, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -<i>Grevellina</i>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Grewia, <a href="#page_349">349</a>, <a href="#plt_91">pl. 91</a>.<br /> - -Grewiella, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -<i>Grewiopsis</i>, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -Greyia, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -Grielum, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -Griffonia, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -<i>Griffonia</i>, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -<i>Grisebachia</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Grisollea, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Grossera, <a href="#page_312">312</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Grossularia</i>, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -<i>GROSSULARIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -<i>Groutia</i>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>.<br /> - -Grubbia, <a href="#page_173">173</a>.<br /> - -GRUBBIACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>.<br /> - -Grumilea, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Guaduella, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -<i>Guaduella</i>, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -Guarea, <a href="#page_304">304</a>, <a href="#page_306">306</a>.<br /> - -Guazuma, <a href="#page_355">355</a>.<br /> - -<i>Guerkea</i>, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Guettarda, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -<i>Guettarda</i>, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -<i>Guidonia</i>, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Guiera, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -<i>Guilandina</i>, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -Guizotia, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Gundelia, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -Gunnera, <a href="#page_399">399</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gussonia</i>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Gutenbergia, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Guthriea, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -GUTTIFERAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>, <a href="#plt_99">pl. 99</a>.<br /> - -Guya, <a href="#page_373">373</a>.<br /> - -Guyonia, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -<i>Guyonia</i>, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Gymnadenia, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Gymnarrhena, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Gymnema, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -Gymnocarpos, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -Gymnochilus, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Gymnodiscus, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Gymnolaema, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Gymnopentzia, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Gymnopogon, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Gymnosiphon, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -Gymnosporia, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Gymnostephium, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gymnothrix</i>, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Gynandropsis, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -<i>Gynopogon</i>, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -Gynura, <a href="#page_572">572</a>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Gypsophila, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -Gyrocarpus, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="H"></a>Habenaria, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Habenaria</i>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hackelochloa</i>, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Haemanthus, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Haematostaphis, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Haematoxylon, <a href="#page_251">251</a>, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -<i>Haemax</i>, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -HAEMODORACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -<i>HAEMODORACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Hagenia, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Halimium, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -<i>Halimus</i>, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hallackia</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Halleria, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Hallia, <a href="#page_271">271</a>.<br /> - -Halocnemum, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -<i>Halodule</i>, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -Halogeton, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -<i>Halogeton</i>, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Halopegia, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -Halopeplis, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Halophila, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -Halopyrum, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -HALORRHAGACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_399">399</a>, <a href="#plt_117">pl. 117</a>.<br /> - -<i>HALORRHAGIDACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Haloxylon, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -HAMAMELIDACEAE, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_238">238</a>, <a href="#plt_64">pl. 64</a>.<br /> - -<i>HAMAMELIDACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Hamilcoa, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Hammatolobium, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -Hannoa, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -<i>Haplocarpha</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Haplocoelum, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Haplodypsis, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Haplophloga, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -<i>Haplophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hardwickia</i>, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hariota</i>, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -Harmsia, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Haronga, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Harpachne, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -Harpagophytum, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -<i>Harpagophytum</i>, <a href="#page_498">498</a>.<br /> - -Harpanema, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Harpechloa, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Harpephyllum, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Harpullia, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -Harrisonia, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Hartogia, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -<i>Harungana</i>, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Harveya, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Haselhoffia, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Hasskarlia, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -<i>Haworthia</i>, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Haworthia, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Haya, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -Haynaldia, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Hebenstreitia, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Heberdenia, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heckeldora</i>, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -Heckeria, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -Hedera, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Hedychium, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hedyotis</i>, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -Hedypnois, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_628">{628}</a></span>Hedysarum, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -Heeria, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heinekenia</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Heinsenia, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Heinsia, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Heisteria, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Hekistocarpa, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Heleocharis, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Heleochloa, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Helianthemum, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -<i>Helianthemum</i>, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -Helianthus, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Helichrysum, <a href="#page_553">553</a>, <a href="#page_556">556</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Heliconia, <a href="#page_145">145</a>.<br /> - -Helicophyllum, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<i>Helictonema</i>, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -Helinus, <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -Heliophila, <a href="#page_220">220</a>, <a href="#plt_53">pl. 53</a>.<br /> - -Heliotropium, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Helipterum, <a href="#page_553">553</a>, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -<i>Helleborine</i>, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -<i>Helminthia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Helminthocarpum, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -<i>Helophytum</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -<i>Helosciadium</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Hemandradenia, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hemarthria</i>, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Hemerocallis, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hemicarex</i>, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Hemicarpha, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Hemichlaena, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Hemicrambe, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Hemigraphis, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Hemimeris, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hemiperis</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Hemizygia, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hemprichia</i>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -Henonia, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Henophyton, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -Henricia, <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heptacyclum</i>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heptapleurum</i>, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Heracleum, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heracleum</i>, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Herderia, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Heritiera, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -Hermannia, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -Hermas, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -Hermbstaedtia, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Herminiera, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Herminium, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Hermodactylus, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Hernandia, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -HERNANDIACEAE, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -Herniaria, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -<i>Herpestis</i>, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Herschelia, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Hertia, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Herya, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Hesperantha, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -Hessea, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Hetaeria, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heterachaena</i>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heteractis</i>, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Heteradelphia, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Heteranthera, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heteranthoecia</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Heterochaenia, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heterochloa</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Heteroderis, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Heterolepis, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Heteromma, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Heteromorpha, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heterophragma</i>, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heteropogon</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Heteropteris, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -Heteropyxis, <a href="#page_391">391</a>.<br /> - -<i>Heterosicyos</i>, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Heurnia, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Heurniopsis, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Hevea, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Hewittia, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Hexaglottis, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Hexalobus, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hexastemon</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Heywoodia, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -Hibbertia, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -Hibiscus, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Hieracium, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Hiernia, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Hierochloë <a href="#page_94">94</a>, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Hildebrandtia, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Hilleria, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Himantochilus, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Himantoglossum, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hinterhubera</i>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Hippeastrum, <a href="#page_136">136</a>, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -Hippia, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hippion</i>, <a href="#page_432">432</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hippobromus</i>, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -Hippobromus, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -Hippocratea, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -HIPPOCRATEACEAE, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_332">332</a>, <a href="#plt_83">pl. 83</a>.<br /> - -Hippocrepis, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Hippomarathrum, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -Hiptage, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -Hirpicium, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hirschfeldia</i>, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Hirtella, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hitzeria</i>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hochstetteria</i>, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -Hoehnelia, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Hoffmannseggia, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -Hohenackeria, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -Holalafia, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Holarrhena, <a href="#page_441">441</a>.<br /> - -Holcus, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Holmskioldia, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -<i>Holmskioldia</i>, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -<i>Holocarpa</i>, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -Holosteum, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Holothrix, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Holstia, <a href="#page_312">312</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Holubia, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Homalium, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -<i>Homalocenchrus</i>, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Homeria, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Homochaete, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Homochroma, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -<i>Homocnemia</i>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -<i>Homopogon</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Honckenya, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Hoodia, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Hoplestigma, <a href="#page_424">424</a>.<br /> - -HOPLESTIGMATACEAE, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_424">424</a>.<br /> - -Hoplophyllum, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -Hordeum, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -Hornea, <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hornungia</i>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Hoslundia, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -Hounea, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Hua, <a href="#page_355">355</a>.<br /> - -<i>Huernia</i>, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -<i>Huerniopsis</i>, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hufelandia</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Hugonia, <a href="#page_292">292</a>, <a href="#plt_70">pl. 70</a>.<br /> - -Humbertia, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Humblotia, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Humea, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -<i>Humiria</i>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -HUMIRIACEAE, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Humulus, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -Hunnemannia, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Hunteria, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -Hura, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hussonia</i>, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -Hutchinsia, <a href="#page_219">219</a>, <a href="#page_220">220</a>, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Huttonaea, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Hyacinthus, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hyaenanche</i>, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Hyalocalyx, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -Hyalocystis, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Hybanthus, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -Hybophrynium, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Hydnora, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_629">{629}</a></span>HYDNORACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -Hydrangea, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -Hydranthelium, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Hydrilla, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -<i>HYDROCARYACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Hydrocharis, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -HYDROCHARITACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_77">77</a>, <a href="#plt_7">pl. 7</a>.<br /> - -Hydrocotyle, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hydrocotyle</i>, <a href="#page_402">402</a>.<br /> - -Hydrolea, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hydropeltis</i>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -Hydrophylax, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -HYDROPHYLLACEAE, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hydrosme</i>, <a href="#page_117">117</a>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -HYDROSTACHYACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_231">231</a>, <a href="#plt_58">pl. 58</a>.<br /> - -Hydrostachys, <a href="#page_232">232</a>, <a href="#plt_58">pl. 58</a>.<br /> - -Hydrotriche, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Hygrocharis, <a href="#page_458">458</a>.<br /> - -Hygrophila, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hygrophila</i>, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Hylodendron, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hymenaea</i>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Hymenocallis, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Hymenocardia, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Hymenocarpos, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Hymenocnemis, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -Hymenodictyon, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hymenolepis</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Hymenostegia, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -Hyobanche, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Hyophorbe, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Hyoscyamus, <a href="#page_482">482</a>.<br /> - -Hyoseris, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hypaelyptum</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Hypecoum, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Hyperaspis, <a href="#page_472">472</a>.<br /> - -<i>HYPERICINEAE</i>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -<i>Hypericophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -Hypericum, <a href="#page_361">361</a>, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -Hyperstelis, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Hyphaene, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -Hypobathrum, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Hypocalyptus, <a href="#page_267">267</a>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>.<br /> - -Hypochoeris, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Hypodaphnis, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Hypodematium, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Hypodiscus, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Hypoestes, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Hypolaena, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Hypolytrum, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>HYPOXIDEAE</i>, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Hypoxis, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Hyptis, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -Hyssopus, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<i><a id="I"></a>Ianthe</i>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Iatrorrhiza, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Iberis, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -<i>Iboga</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Iboza, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Icacina, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -ICACINACEAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_333">333</a>, <a href="#plt_84">pl. 84</a>.<br /> - -<i>Icacorea</i>, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -<i>Icomum</i>, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -<i>Idaneum</i>, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Ifloga, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ignatia</i>, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -Ilex, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -<i>ILICINEAE</i>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -<i>ILLECEBRACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Illecebrum, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -Illigera, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -Ilysanthes, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -<i>Imbricaria</i>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -<i>Imhofia</i>, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Impatiens, <a href="#page_343">343</a>, <a href="#plt_87">pl. 87</a>.<br /> - -Imperata, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -<i>Imperatoria</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Indigofera, <a href="#page_270">270</a>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_282">282</a>, <a href="#page_285">285</a>, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -<i>Indigofera</i>, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -Indokingia, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Intsia, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -<i>Intsia</i>, <a href="#page_255">255</a>.<br /> - -Inula, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -<i>Iocaste</i>, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Iodes, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ionidium</i>, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -Ionopsidium, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Iphigenia, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Iphiona, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -<i>Iphiona</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Ipomoea, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ipomoea</i>, <a href="#page_461">461</a>, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -Iresine, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -IRIDACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_140">140</a>, <a href="#plt_22">pl. 22</a>.<br /> - -Iris, <a href="#page_145">145</a>.<br /> - -Irvingella, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Irvingia, <a href="#page_301">301</a>, <a href="#plt_74">pl. 74</a>.<br /> - -<i>Irvingia</i>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -Isachne, <a href="#page_82">82</a>, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -Isatis, <a href="#page_222">222</a>, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -Ischaemum, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -Ischnolepis, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -Ischnurus, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -Iseilema, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ismelia</i>, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -<i>Isnardia</i>, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -Isoberlinia, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Isochoriste, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Isoglossa, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -<i>Isolepis</i>, <a href="#page_110">110</a>.<br /> - -<i>Isolobus</i>, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Isolona, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Isonema, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -<i>Isothylax</i>, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Isotoma, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Ixanthus, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -Ixia, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Ixianthes, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -Ixora, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<i><a id="J"></a>Jacaratia</i>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -Jacquemontia, <a href="#page_461">461</a>, <a href="#plt_131">pl. 131</a>.<br /> - -<i>Jaeggia</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -<i>Jagera</i>, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Jambosa, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -<i>Jamesbrittenia</i>, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -<i>Jardinea</i>, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Jasione, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -<i>JASMINEAE</i>, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Jasminum, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Jasonia, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Jatropha, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -<i>Jatrorrhiza</i>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Jaumea, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -<i>Jaundea</i>, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Jollydora, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -JUGLANDACEAE, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_162">162</a>.<br /> - -Juglans, <a href="#page_162">162</a>.<br /> - -JUNCACEAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_124">124</a>, <a href="#plt_17">pl. 17</a>.<br /> - -<i>JUNCAGINACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -<i>Juncago</i>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -<i>Juncellus</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Juncus, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Juniperus, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -<i>Junodia</i>, <a href="#page_319">319</a>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Jurinea, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -Jussieua, <a href="#page_398">398</a>, <a href="#plt_116">pl. 116</a>.<br /> - -Justenia, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Justicia, <a href="#page_512">512</a>, <a href="#plt_142">pl. 142</a>.<br /> - -<i>Justicia</i>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="K"></a>Kaempfera, <a href="#page_146">146</a>.<br /> - -Kalaharia, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Kalanchoë <a href="#page_233">233</a>, <a href="#plt_59">pl. 59</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kalanchoe</i>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kalbfussia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Kalidium, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Kaliphora, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Kanahia, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -<i>Karlea</i>, <a href="#page_343">343</a>.<br /> - -Katafa, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Kedrostis, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_630">{630}</a></span>Keitia, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Kelleronia, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kentrophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Kentrosphaera, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -<i>Keramanthus</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -Keraudrenia, <a href="#page_355">355</a>.<br /> - -Kernera, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kerneria</i>, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Kerstingia, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Kerstingiella, <a href="#page_279">279</a>.<br /> - -Khaya, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kibera</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kickxia</i>, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Kigelia, <a href="#page_497">497</a>, <a href="#plt_137">pl. 137</a>.<br /> - -Kigelianthe, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kigelkeia</i>, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -Kiggelaria, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -Kirkia, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Kissenia, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -Kitchingia, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Klaineanthus, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Klainedoxa, <a href="#page_301">301</a>.<br /> - -Klattia, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -Kleinhofia, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kleinia</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Knautia, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -Kniphofia, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -<i>Knowltonia</i>, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Kochia, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kochia</i>, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -Koeleria, <a href="#page_97">97</a>, <a href="#page_103">103</a>, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -Koelpinia, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Kolobopetalum, <a href="#page_201">201</a>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kompitsia</i>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -<i>Koniga</i>, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Korthalsella, <a href="#page_175">175</a>.<br /> - -Kosteletzkya, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kotschya</i>, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Kralikia, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kralikiella</i>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -<i>Kraussia</i>, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -<i>Krebsia, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.</i><br /> - -<i>Kremeria</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Krubera</i>, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Kundmannia, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -Kyllinga, <a href="#page_109">109</a>, <a href="#plt_9">pl. 9</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="L"></a>LABIATAE, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_470">470</a>, <a href="#plt_134">pl. 134</a>.<br /> - -Lablab, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Labourdonnesia, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -<i>Labramia</i>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Laccodiscus, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Laccosperma, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lachanodes</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Lachenalia, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Lachnaea, <a href="#page_382">382</a>, <a href="#plt_109">pl. 109</a>.<br /> - -Lachnocapsa, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -Lachnospermum, <a href="#page_553">553</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Lachnostylis, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Lactuca, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Lafuentea, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lagarinthus</i>, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Lagarosiphon, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -Lagenaria, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Lagenias, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lagenocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Lagenophora, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Laggera, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Lagoecia, <a href="#page_403">403</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lagoseris</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lagunaea</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Laguncularia, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -Lagurus, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Lamarckia, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Lamellisepalum, <a href="#page_343">343</a>.<br /> - -Lamium, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lamprocaulos</i>, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Lamprothamnus, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lampsana</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Lanaria, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Landolphia, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -<i>Landolphia</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -<i>Landtia</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Lankesteria, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Lannea, <a href="#page_329">329</a>, <a href="#plt_81">pl. 81</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lanneoma</i>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Lantana, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Lapeyrousia, <a href="#page_141">141</a>, <a href="#plt_22">pl. 22</a>.<br /> - -Lapiedra, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Laportea, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lappa</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Lappula, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Lapsana, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Lasianthera, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -Lasianthus, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -Lasiochloa, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lasiochloa</i>, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -Lasiocladus, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Lasiocoma, <a href="#page_564">564</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lasiocorys</i>, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -Lasiodiscus, <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -Lasiopogon, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lasiosiphon</i>, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -Lasiospermum, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Lasiostelma, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lasiostelma</i>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Latania, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -Lathriogyne, <a href="#page_263">263</a>.<br /> - -Lathyrus, <a href="#page_259">259</a>, <a href="#page_261">261</a>, <a href="#page_269">269</a>, <a href="#page_271">271</a>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -Latipes, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Launaea, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -LAURACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_209">209</a>, <a href="#plt_51">pl. 51</a>.<br /> - -<i>LAURACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -Laurembergia, <a href="#page_399">399</a>, pl. <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Laurentia, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Lauridia, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Laurophyllus, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -Laurus, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -Lautembergia, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lavalleopsis</i>, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Lavandula, <a href="#page_472">472</a>.<br /> - -Lavatera, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Lavigeria, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Lawsonia, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -Lebeckia, <a href="#page_264">264</a>, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -Lecaniodiscus, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -Lecanthus, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lecontea</i>, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -LECYTHIDACEAE, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_386">386</a>, <a href="#plt_111">pl. 111</a>.<br /> - -Ledermanniella, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Leea, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -Leersia, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lefeburia</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -<i>Legendrea</i>, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -LEGUMINOSAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, 19 <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_245">245</a>, <a href="#plt_67">pl. 67</a>.<br /> - -Leidesia, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leiocarpodicraea</i>, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Leiochilus, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -Leioclusia, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -Leiophaca, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leioptyx</i>, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -Leiothylax, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Leiphaimos, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -Lemna, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lemna</i>, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -LEMNACEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lemurorchis</i>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Lens, <a href="#page_269">269</a>, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -LENTIBULARIACEAE, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_501">501</a>, <a href="#plt_141">pl. 141</a>.<br /> - -Leocus, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Leonotis, <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Leontice, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Leontodon, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leontodon</i>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Leontonyx, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Leonurus, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lepervenchea</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Lepidagathis, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -Lepidium, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -Lepidobotrys, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lepidopironia</i>, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Lepidostephium, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_631">{631}</a></span>Lepidoturus, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lepigonum</i>, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Lepironia, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Lepistemon, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Lepistemonopsis, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Leptactinia, <a href="#page_527">527</a>, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Leptadenia, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Leptaleum, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Leptaspis, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Leptaulus, <a href="#page_335">335</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lepterica</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Leptocarpus, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Leptocarydium, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Leptochlaena, <a href="#page_347">347</a>, <a href="#plt_90">pl. 90</a>.<br /> - -Leptochloa, <a href="#page_92">92</a>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leptochloa</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leptocodon</i>, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Leptoderris, <a href="#page_286">286</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Leptodesmia, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leptolaena</i>, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Leptonemea, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Leptonychia, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leptopaetia</i>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leptothamnus</i>, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lepturella</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Lepturus, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lerchia</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lereschia</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Lessertia, <a href="#page_285">285</a>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lestibudesia</i>, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Leucadendron, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leucadendron</i>, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Leucaena, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leucanthemum</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Leucas, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leucobarleria</i>, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Leucoium, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Leucomphalus, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leucophae</i>, <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Leucophrys, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Leucosalpa, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -Leucosidea, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -Leucospermum, <a href="#page_171">171</a>, <a href="#plt_33">pl. 33</a>.<br /> - -Leucosphaera, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -Leurocline, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -<i>Leuzea</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Leycesteria, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -Leyssera, <a href="#page_555">555</a>, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -<i>Libanotis</i>, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Lichtensteinia, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lichtensteinia</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Lidbeckia, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -<i>Liebrechtsia</i>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Lifago, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Lightfootia, <a href="#page_544">544</a>, <a href="#plt_149">pl. 149</a>.<br /> - -Ligusticum, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Ligustrum, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -LILIACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_125">125</a>, <a href="#plt_18">pl. 18</a>.<br /> - -Lilium, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -<i>Limacia</i>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -Limaciopsis, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Limeum, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Limnanthemum, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -Limnophila, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Limnophyton, <a href="#page_76">76</a>, <a href="#plt_6">pl. 6</a>.<br /> - -Limodorum, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -Limonia, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Limoniastrum, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -<i>Limonium</i>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Limosella, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -LINACEAE, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>, <a href="#plt_70">pl. 70</a>.<br /> - -<i>LINACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Linaria, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -<i>Linaria</i>, <a href="#page_490">490</a>, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -Linariopsis, <a href="#page_498">498</a>.<br /> - -Linconia, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -Lindackeria, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -Lindauea, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -Lindenbergia, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Lindernia, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Lingelsheimia, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Linnaeopsis, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -Linociera, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -<i>Linosyris</i>, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -Lintonia, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Linum, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -<i>Linum</i>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Liparia, <a href="#page_263">263</a>, <a href="#page_271">271</a>.<br /> - -Liparis, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -<i>Liparis</i>, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Lipocarpha, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lipotriche</i>, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Lippia, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -<i>Liraya</i>, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -Lissochilus, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Listia, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -Listrostachys, <a href="#page_159">159</a>, <a href="#plt_26">pl. 26</a>.<br /> - -Litanthus, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Litchi, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -Lithospermum, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -<i>Litogyne</i>, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -Litorella, <a href="#page_516">516</a>.<br /> - -Litsea, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Littonia, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Lloydia, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -LOASACEAE, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -Lobelia, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lobelia</i>, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>LOBELIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -Lobostemon, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lobostemon</i>, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lobostephanus</i>, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -Lobularia, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Lochia, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -Lochnera, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Loddigesia, <a href="#page_267">267</a>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>.<br /> - -Lodoicea, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -Loeflingia, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Loesenera, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -Loewia, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -LOGANIACEAE, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_427">427</a>, <a href="#plt_127">pl. 127</a>.<br /> - -<i>Logfia</i>, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Lolium, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Lomatophyllum, <a href="#page_133">133</a>.<br /> - -Lonas, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Lonchocarpus, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -Lonchophora, <a href="#page_216">216</a>.<br /> - -Lonchostoma, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -Lonicera, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -Lophacme, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lophiocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_76">76</a>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Lophira, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -Lopholaena, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lophospermum</i>, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lophostephus</i>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lophostylis</i>, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -Lophotocarpus, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -Lopriorea, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -LORANTHACEAE, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_175">175</a>, <a href="#plt_34">pl. 34</a>.<br /> - -Loranthus, <a href="#page_175">175</a>, <a href="#plt_34">pl. 34</a>.<br /> - -Lortia, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lotea</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Lotononis, <a href="#page_264">264</a>, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lotononis</i>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Lotus, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lotus</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Lovoa, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -Loxostylis, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lubinia</i>, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ludia</i>, <a href="#page_373">373</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ludovicia</i>, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -Ludwigia, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -Luffa, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lugoa</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Lumnitzera, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -Lupinus, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lupsia</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -<i>Luteola</i>, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -Luzula, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Lyallia, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lychnis</i>, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Lychnodiscus, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -Lycium, <a href="#page_482">482</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lycopersicum</i>, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -Lycopus, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_632">{632}</a></span>Lygeum, <a href="#page_79">79</a>, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -<i>Lyperia</i> <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Lysimachia <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -Lytanthus <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -LYTHRACEAE <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_383">383</a>, <a href="#plt_110">pl. 110</a>.<br /> - -<i>LYTHRACEAE</i> <a href="#page_380">380</a>, <a href="#page_385">385</a>, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -Lythrum <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="M"></a>Maba <a href="#page_424">424</a>, <a href="#plt_125">pl. 125</a>.<br /> - -Macaranga <a href="#page_312">312</a>, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -Macarisia <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -Machadoa <a href="#page_375">375</a>.<br /> - -Mackaya <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mackenia</i> <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Maclura <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -Macnabia <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -Macowania <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Macphersonia <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Macrocalyx <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -<i>Macrochaetium</i> <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -<i>Macrochloa</i> <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Macrolobium <a href="#page_253">253</a>, <a href="#page_255">255</a>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -<i>Macrolotus</i> <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -<i>Macropelma</i> <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Macropetalum <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Macroplectrum <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -<i>Macroplectrum</i> <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Macropodandra <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Macrorhamnus <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -<i>Macrorungia</i> <a href="#page_513">513</a>, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Macrosphyra <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Macrostylis <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -Maerua <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Maesa <a href="#page_418">418</a>, <a href="#plt_121">pl. 121</a>.<br /> - -Maesobotrya <a href="#page_322">322</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -<i>Maesobotrya</i> <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Maesopsis <a href="#page_343">343</a>, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -<i>Maesosphaerum</i> <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mafekingia</i> <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Magnistipula <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -Magydaris <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mahernia</i> <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mahya</i> <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Maillardia <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -Mairia <a href="#page_566">566</a>, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -<i>Majidea</i> <a href="#page_341">341</a>.<br /> - -Majorana <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -<i>Makokoa</i> <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -Malabaila <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Malacantha <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -<i>Malache</i> <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -Malachra <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -Malcolmia <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -<i>Malcolmia</i> <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Mallotus <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Malope <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -Malouetia <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -MALPIGHIACEAE <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_306">306</a>, <a href="#plt_77">pl. 77</a>.<br /> - -Maltebrunia <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -<i>Malus</i> <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -Malva <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -MALVACEAE <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_350">350</a>, <a href="#plt_92">pl. 92</a>.<br /> - -<i>MALVACEAE</i> <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -Malvastrum <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mamboga</i> <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Mammea <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Mandragora <a href="#page_482">482</a>.<br /> - -Mangifera <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mangifera</i> <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -Manihot <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -Manisuris <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Mannia <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mannia</i> <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Manniella <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Manniophyton <a href="#page_311">311</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Manotes <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -<i>Manotes</i> <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Manulea <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Mapania <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mappa</i> <a href="#page_312">312</a>.<br /> - -Maprounea <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -Maranta <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -MARANTACEAE <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>, <a href="#plt_25">pl. 25</a>.<br /> - -<i>Marantochloa</i> <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -Marasmodes <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Marcellia <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -<i>Marcellia</i> <a href="#page_185">185</a>, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -<i>Maresia</i> <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Mareya <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Margaretta <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -Margotia <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -Marica <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -<i>Marignia</i> <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mariscus</i> <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Markhamia <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -<i>Marlea</i> <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -Marlothia <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -Marlothiella <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Marquesia <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Marrubium <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Marsdenia <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -<i>Marsdenia</i> <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -<i>Marsea</i> <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Martretia <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -Martynia <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -MARTYNIACEAE <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -Mascarenhasia <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Maschalocephalus <a href="#page_121">121</a>.<br /> - -Massonia <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -Mathurina <a href="#page_373">373</a>.<br /> - -Matricaria <a href="#page_578">578</a>, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Matthiola <a href="#page_216">216</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mattia</i> <a href="#page_467">467</a>.<br /> - -Mauloutchia <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -Maurandia <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Maurocenia <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -<i>Maximilianea</i> <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Mayaca <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -MAYACACEAE <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mayepea</i> <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Mechowia <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Mecomischus <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Medemia <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -Medicago <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -Medinilla <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -Medusagyne <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -<i>Megabaria</i> <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Megalochlamys <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Megalopus <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -<i>Megastoma</i> <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -<i>Meibomia</i> <a href="#page_271">271</a>.<br /> - -Meiocarpidium <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Melandryum <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Melanocenchris <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Melanodendron <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -Melanodiscus <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melanoloma</i> <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Melanophylla <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Melanoselinum <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melanosinapis</i> <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melanosticta</i> <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -Melanthera <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melanthesiopsis</i> <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -Melasma <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Melasphaerula <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Melastoma <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -MELASTOMATACEAE <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_392">392</a>, <a href="#plt_115">pl. 115</a>.<br /> - -<i>MELASTOMATACEAE</i> <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -Melhania <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Melia <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melia</i> <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -MELIACEAE <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>, <a href="#plt_76">pl. 76</a>.<br /> - -MELIANTHACEAE <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>,<br /> -<a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_342">342</a>, <a href="#plt_86">pl. 86</a>.<br /> - -Melianthus <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -Melica <a href="#page_97">97</a>, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melicocca</i> <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -<i>Melicope</i> <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Melilotus <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_633">{633}</a></span>Melinis <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Melissa, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Melissea, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -Melittacanthus, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Mellera, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Melocanna, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Melochia, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -Melolobium, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -Melothria, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Memecylon, <a href="#page_393">393</a>.<br /> - -Menabea, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mendoncia</i>, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -<i>Meniocus</i>, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -MENISPERMACEAE, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_199">199</a>, <a href="#plt_47">pl. 47</a>.<br /> - -Menodora, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Mentha, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -Merciera, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Mercurialis, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Merendera, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -Meriandra, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -<i>Meridiana</i>, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -<i>Meringurus</i>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Merremia, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -<i>Merremia</i>, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Mesanthemum, <a href="#page_121">121</a>, <a href="#plt_15">pl. 15</a>.<br /> - -<i>MESEMBRIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Mesembrianthemum., <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mesogramma</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Mesogyne, <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mespilodaphne</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Mespilus, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -<i>Messerchmiedia</i>, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Metalasia, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -<i>Methyscophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Metrosideros, <a href="#page_391">391</a>.<br /> - -Metroxylon, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -<i>Metzleria</i>, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>Meum</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mezierea</i>, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Mezoneurum, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -Mibora, <a href="#page_94">94</a>.<br /> - -Micractis, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Micranthus, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -<i>Micranthus</i>, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Micrargeria, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -<i>Micraster</i>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Microbambus, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -Microcala, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Microcalamus, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Microcharis, <a href="#page_271">271</a>.<br /> - -Microchloa, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -Micrococca, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Microcodon, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>Microderis</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Microdesmis, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -Microdon, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Microdracoides, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Microglossa, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -Microlecane, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Microloma, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -<i>Microlonchus</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -<i>Micromeria</i>, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Micronychia, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -Micropus, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -<i>Microrhynchus</i>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Microsteira, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -<i>Microstephanus</i>, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -<i>Microstephium</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Microstylis, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Microtea, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Microtrichia, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -<i>Miersiophyton</i>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Mikania, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -Mildbraedia, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mildbraedia</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Mildbraediodendron, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Milium, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -<i>Milla</i>, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -Millettia, <a href="#page_287">287</a>, <a href="#page_288">288</a>, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -<i>Millina</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Mimetes, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Mimosa, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -<i>MIMOSACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -Mimulopsis, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Mimulus, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Mimusops, <a href="#page_421">421</a>, <a href="#plt_124">pl. 124</a>.<br /> - -<i>Minuartia</i>, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -Minurothamnus, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Mirabilis, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Mitolepis, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -Mitracarpus, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Mitragyne, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Mitratheca, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mitriostigma</i>, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Mniothamnea, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -Mocquerysia, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Modecca, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -Modiola, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Moehringia, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -Moenchia, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Moghania</i>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mohlana</i>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Molinaea, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Molinera, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -Molinia, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -Mollera, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mollinedia</i>, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -Mollugo, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Moluccella, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -Momordica, <a href="#page_537">537</a>, <a href="#page_540">540</a>, <a href="#plt_148">pl. 148</a>.<br /> - -Monachochlamys, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monachyron</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Monadenia, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Monadenium, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monadenium</i>, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Monanthes, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Monanthotaxis, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Monarrhenus, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monechma</i>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Monelytrum, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monenteles</i>, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Monerma, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monetia</i>, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -<i>Moniera</i>, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Monimia, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -MONIMIACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_208">208</a>, <a href="#plt_50">pl. 50</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monixus</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monizia</i>, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monochilus</i>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Monochoria, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Monodora, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monodora</i>, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Monopetalanthus, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -Monoporus, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Monopsis, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monoptera</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Monotes, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -Monothecium, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monotris</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Monsonia, <a href="#page_290">290</a>, <a href="#plt_68">pl. 68</a>.<br /> - -<i>Monsonia</i>, <a href="#page_290">290</a>.<br /> - -<i>Montbretia</i>, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Montia, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -Montinia, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -MORACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_164">164</a>, <a href="#plt_31">pl. 31</a>.<br /> - -Moraea, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Morelia, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Morettia, <a href="#page_217">217</a>.<br /> - -Moricandia, <a href="#page_221">221</a>, <a href="#page_222">222</a>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -Morinda, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -Moringa, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -MORINGACAE, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -<i>Morphixia</i>, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Morus, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -Moschosma, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<i>Moschosma</i>, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Mostuea, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mostuea</i>, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -Motandra, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Msuata, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Mucizonia, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Mucuna, <a href="#page_268">268</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mukia</i>, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Mundia, <a href="#page_309">309</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mundtia</i>, <a href="#page_309">309</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_634">{634}</a></span>Mundulea <a href="#page_261">261</a>.<br /> - -Muraltia, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -Muricaria, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Murraya, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Musa, <a href="#page_145">145</a>.<br /> - -MUSACEAE, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_145">145</a>, <a href="#plt_23">pl. 23</a>.<br /> - -Musanga, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -Muscari, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Mussaenda, <a href="#page_530">530</a>, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Musschia, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Myagrum, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myaris</i>, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myconia</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Myonima, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -MYOPORACEAE, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -Myoporum, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -Myosotis, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myosurandra</i>, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Myosurus, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Myrianthemum, <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -Myrianthus, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -Myrica, <a href="#page_162">162</a>, <a href="#plt_29">pl. 29</a>.<br /> - -MYRICACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_162">162</a>, <a href="#plt_29">pl. 29</a>.<br /> - -Myricaria, <a href="#page_364">364</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myriogyne</i>, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Myriophyllum, <a href="#page_399">399</a>.<br /> - -Myristica, <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myristica</i>, <a href="#page_208">208</a>.<br /> - -MYRISTICACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_206">206</a>, <a href="#plt_49">pl. 49</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myrosma</i>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -MYROTHAMNACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Myrothamnus, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -MYRSINACEAE, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_417">417</a>, <a href="#plt_121">pl. 121</a>.<br /> - -Myrsine, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myrsine</i>, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myrsiphyllum</i>, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -<i>Myrstiphyllum</i>, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -MYRTACEAE, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_391">391</a>, <a href="#plt_114">pl. 114</a>.<br /> - -<i>MYRTACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -Myrtus, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -Mystacidium, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -<i>Mystacidium</i>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Mystropetalon, <a href="#page_176">176</a>.<br /> - -Mystroxylon, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<i><a id="N"></a>Nageia</i>, <a href="#page_70">70</a>.<br /> - -NAIADACEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -<i>NAIADACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -Naias, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -Nanolirion, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Nanostelma, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -Napoleona, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -Narcissus, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nardurus</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Nardus, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -Naregamia, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nasturtiopsis</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Nasturtium, <a href="#page_223">223</a>, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -Nastus, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -<i>Natalia</i>, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nathusia</i>, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Nauclea, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nauclea</i>, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -<i>Navaea</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nazia</i>, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nebelia</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Necepsia, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Nectaropetalum, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nectaropetalum</i>, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -<i>Negria</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nelanaregam</i>, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nelsia</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Nelsonia, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Nematostylis, <a href="#page_516">516</a>.<br /> - -Nemesia, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nemia</i>, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Nenax, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -<i>Neobaronia</i>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -Neobenthamia, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Neobolusia, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Neoboutonia, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Neocentema, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -<i>Neochevaliera</i>, <a href="#page_320">320</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Neodregea, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Neodypsis, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Neogoetzea, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -Neojatropha, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -Neoluederitzia, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Neomanmophyton, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Neomuellera, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Neophloga, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Neopycnocoma, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Neorautanenia, <a href="#page_279">279</a>.<br /> - -Neoschimpera, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Neoschumannia, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Neotinea, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -NEPENTHACEAE, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -Nepenthes, <a href="#page_230">230</a>.<br /> - -Nepeta, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Nephelium, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nephelium</i>, <a href="#page_338">338</a>, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nephrophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_458">458</a>.<br /> - -Nephrosperma, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Nephthytis, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Neptunia, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Nerine, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -Nerium, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -Nerophila, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Nertera, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Nervilia, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Nesaea, <a href="#page_385">385</a>, <a href="#plt_110">pl. 110</a>.<br /> - -Nesiota, <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -Neslia, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nesodaphne</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Nesogenes, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -Nesogordonia, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -Nestlera, <a href="#page_561">561</a>.<br /> - -Neumannia, <a href="#page_373">373</a>.<br /> - -Neuracanthus, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Neurada, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -<i>Neurocarpaea</i>, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Neuropeltis, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Neurotheca, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Newbouldia, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Newtonia, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -<i>Newtonia</i>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -<i>Neyraudia</i>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Nicandra, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -Nicodemia, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nicolaia</i>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Nicolasia, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Nicoteba, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Nicotiana, <a href="#page_482">482</a>.<br /> - -Nidorella, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -<i>Niebuhria</i>, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -<i>Niedenzua</i>, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Nigella, <a href="#page_199">199</a>.<br /> - -Nirarathamnus, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -Nitraria, <a href="#page_293">293</a>.<br /> - -Nivenia, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nivenia</i>, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Noaea, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Nolletia, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -Noltia, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nomaphila</i>, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Nonnea, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Nopalea, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -<i>Normania</i>, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -Noronhia, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Northea, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Notelaea, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -Nothosaerua, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Nothoscordum, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -Nothospondias, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -<i>Notobasis</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Notobuxus, <a href="#page_324">324</a>.<br /> - -<i>Notobuxus</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Notoceras, <a href="#page_216">216</a>.<br /> - -<i>Notonia</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Notosceptrum, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -Nucularia, <a href="#page_180">180</a>.<br /> - -Nuphar, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_635">{635}</a></span>Nuxia, <a href="#page_427">427</a>, <a href="#plt_127">pl. 127</a>.<br /> - -NYCTAGINACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_186">186</a>, <a href="#plt_42">pl. 42</a>.<br /> - -Nymania, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Nymphaea, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -<i>Nymphaea</i>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -NYMPHAEACEAE, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="O"></a>Oberonia, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Obetia, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -<i>Obione</i>, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -Ochna, <a href="#page_359">359</a>, <a href="#plt_97">pl. 97</a>.<br /> - -OCHNACEAE, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_359">359</a>, <a href="#plt_97">pl. 97</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ochocoa</i>, <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -Ochradenus, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -Ochrocarpus, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Ochronerium, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Ochrosia, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ochthocosmus</i>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Ochthodium, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -Ocimum, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ocimum</i>, <a href="#page_472">472</a>, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -Ocotea, <a href="#page_210">210</a>, <a href="#plt_51">pl. 51</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ocotea</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -<i>Octodon</i>, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Octoknema, <a href="#page_175">175</a>.<br /> - -OCTOKNEMATACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_175">175</a>.<br /> - -Octolepis, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -Octolobus, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -<i>Odina</i>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Odontelytrum, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Odontites, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Odontospermum, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Odyendea, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Oedera, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Oenanthe, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Oenothera, <a href="#page_399">399</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oenothera</i>, <a href="#page_398">398</a>, <a href="#page_399">399</a>.<br /> - -OENOTHERACEAE, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_397">397</a>, <a href="#plt_116">pl. 116</a>.<br /> - -Oeonia, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -Oftia, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -OLACACEAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>, <a href="#plt_37">pl. 37</a>.<br /> - -<i>OLACACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>, <a href="#page_175">175</a>, <a href="#page_333">333</a>, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Olax, <a href="#page_174">174</a>, <a href="#plt_37">pl. 37</a>.<br /> - -Oldenburgia, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -Oldenlandia, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oldenlandia</i>, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -Oldfieldia, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Olea, <a href="#page_427">427</a>.<br /> - -OLEACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_425">425</a>, <a href="#plt_126">pl. 126</a>.<br /> - -Oligocarpus, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oligodora</i>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oligogynium</i>, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -Oligomeris, <a href="#page_229">229</a>, <a href="#plt_55">pl. 55</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oligostemon</i>, <a href="#page_251">251</a>.<br /> - -Oligothrix, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Olinia, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -OLINIACEAE, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -Olyra, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ommatodium</i>, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -Omphalea, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -Omphalocarpum, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Omphalodes, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Omphalogonus, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -Omphalopappus, <a href="#page_569">569</a>, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Onagra, <a href="#page_399">399</a>.<br /> - -<i>ONAGRACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oncinema</i>, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Oncinotis, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -Oncoba, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oncoba</i>, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -Oncocalamus, <a href="#page_112">112</a>.<br /> - -Oncostemma, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -Oncostemon, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Ondetia, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Ongokea, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Onobrychis, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -Ononis, <a href="#page_259">259</a>, <a href="#page_266">266</a>, <a href="#page_268">268</a>, <a href="#page_271">271</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>.<br /> - -Onopordon, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Onosma, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Operculina, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Ophiobotrys, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ophiocaulon</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -Ophiurus, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Ophrys, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Opilia, <a href="#page_173">173</a>, <a href="#plt_36">pl. 36</a>.<br /> - -OPILIACEAE, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>, <a href="#plt_36">pl. 36</a>.<br /> - -Oplismenus, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Opuntia, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -<i>Opuntia</i>, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -ORCHIDACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_150">150</a>, <a href="#plt_26">pl. 26</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orchipeda</i>, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Orchis, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orchis</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Oreacanthus, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -Oreobambus, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -Oreobliton, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oreodaphne</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Oreograstis, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Oreosyce, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -Orestia, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orfilea</i>, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -Oricia, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Origanum, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -<i>Origanum</i>, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -Orlaya, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ormenis</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Ormocarpum, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>, <a href="#page_286">286</a>.<br /> - -Ormosia, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -Ornithogalum, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Ornithoglossum, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Ornithopus, <a href="#page_262">262</a>.<br /> - -OROBANCHACEAE, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>, <a href="#plt_139">pl. 139</a>.<br /> - -Orobanche, <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orobus</i>, <a href="#page_259">259</a>.<br /> - -Oropetium, <a href="#page_89">89</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orothamnus</i>, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Orphium, <a href="#page_432">432</a>.<br /> - -Ortegia, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Orthanthera, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orthochilus</i>, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Orthogoneuron, <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -Orthogynium, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orthopenthea</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Orthosiphon, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<i>Orthosiphon</i>, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -Orygia, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Oryza, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Oryzopsis, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Osbeckia, <a href="#page_395">395</a>.<br /> - -<i>Osbeckia</i>, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Osmites, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Osmitopsis, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Osteospermum, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -<i>Osterdamia</i>, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Ostryocarpus, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -Ostryoderris, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Osyridicarpus, <a href="#page_172">172</a>.<br /> - -Osyris, <a href="#page_172">172</a>, <a href="#plt_35">pl. 35</a>.<br /> - -Othonna, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -<i>Othonnopsis</i>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Otiophora, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -<i>Otocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Otochlamys, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Otomeria, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Otoptera, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -<i>Otospermum</i>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Otostegia, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Ottelia, <a href="#page_78">78</a>, <a href="#plt_7">pl. 7</a>.<br /> - -Oubangia, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oudneya</i>, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -Ouratea, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ouret</i>, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ourouparia</i>, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ouvirandra</i>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -OXALIDACEAE, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_290">290</a>, <a href="#plt_69">pl. 69</a>.<br /> - -Oxalis, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_636">{636}</a></span><i>Oxalis</i>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Oxyanthus, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Oxygonum, <a href="#page_178">178</a>, <a href="#plt_39">pl. 39</a>.<br /> - -Oxygyne, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -<i>Oxymitra</i>, <a href="#page_204">204</a>, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Oxystelma, <a href="#page_446">446</a>, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Oxystigma, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -Oxytenanthera, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="P"></a>Pachira, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -Pachites, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pachycarpus</i>, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Pachylobus, <a href="#page_302">302</a>, <a href="#plt_75">pl. 75</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pachylobus</i>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Pachypodanthium, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Pachypodium, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Pachyrhynchus, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Pachyrrhizus, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -Pachystela, <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -Pachystigma, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pachystoma</i>, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Pachytrophe, <a href="#page_166">166</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pacourea</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Paederia, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Paeonia, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Paepalanthus, <a href="#page_121">121</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paepalanthus</i>, <a href="#page_121">121</a>.<br /> - -Paivaeusa, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Palaquium, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Palisota, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -Palissya, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Paliurus, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Pallenis, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -PALMAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_110">110</a>, <a href="#plt_10">pl. 10</a>. <a href="#page_11">11</a>.<br /> - -Palmstruckia, <a href="#page_220">220</a>.<br /> - -<i>Panax</i>, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Pancovia, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Pancratium, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Panda, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -PANDACEAE, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -PANDANACEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>, <a href="#plt_3">pl. 3</a>.<br /> - -Pandanus, <a href="#page_73">73</a>, <a href="#plt_3">pl. 3</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pandiaka</i>, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pandorea</i>, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Panicum, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -<i>Panicum</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Papaver, <a href="#page_213">213</a>.<br /> - -PAPAVERACEAE, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_211">211</a>, <a href="#plt_52">pl. 52</a>.<br /> - -<i>Papaya</i>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -<i>PAPAYACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -<i>PAPILIONACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -Pappea, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pappea</i>, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Pappophorum, <a href="#page_96">96</a>, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Paracaryum, <a href="#page_467">467</a>.<br /> - -Paracephaëlis, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Paracolea, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -Paradaniella, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paradenocline</i>, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Paragenipa, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Paragophyton, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -Paranomus, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Parapodium, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -<i>Parapodium</i>, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -<i>Parasia</i>, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -<i>Parastranthus</i>, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Parasystasia, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Parentucellia, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Parietaria, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -<i>Parinari</i>, <a href="#page_243">243</a>.<br /> - -Parinarium, <a href="#page_243">243</a>, <a href="#plt_65">pl. 65</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paritium</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Parkia, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -<i>Parkia</i>, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Parkinsonia, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Parochetus, <a href="#page_262">262</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>.<br /> - -Parolinia, <a href="#page_216">216</a>.<br /> - -Paronychia, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -<i>PARONYCHIEAE</i>, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Paropsia, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paropsia</i>, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Paropsiopsis, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -<i>Parquetina</i>, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Parthenium, <a href="#page_564">564</a>.<br /> - -Pasaccardoa, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paschanthus</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -Paspalum, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Passerina, <a href="#page_383">383</a>.<br /> - -Passiflora, <a href="#page_375">375</a>.<br /> - -PASSIFLORACEAE, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_374">374</a>, <a href="#plt_106">pl. 106</a>.<br /> - -<i>PASSIFLORACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_376">376</a>, <a href="#page_377">377</a>.<br /> - -Pastinaca, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pastorea</i>, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pattara</i>, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Paullinia, <a href="#page_336">336</a>.<br /> - -Paulowilhelmia, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paulowilhelmia</i>, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Pauridia, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Pauridiantha, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Pausynistalia, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Pavetta, <a href="#page_520">520</a>, <a href="#plt_144">pl. 144</a>.<br /> - -Pavonia, <a href="#page_351">351</a>, <a href="#plt_92">pl. 92</a>.<br /> - -Paxia, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -<i>Paxiodendron</i>, <a href="#page_208">208</a>.<br /> - -Payena, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Payera, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Pearsonia, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Pechuel-Loeschea, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Pectinaria, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pectinaria</i>, <a href="#page_159">159</a>.<br /> - -PEDALIACEAE, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_498">498</a>, <a href="#plt_138">pl. 138</a>.<br /> - -<i>PEDALIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -Pedaliophytum, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Pedalium, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pedalium</i>, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Peddiea, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -Pedicellaria, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Pedicularis, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Pedilanthus, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pedrosia</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Peganum, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Peglera, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Pegolettia, <a href="#page_552">552</a>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Peireskia, <a href="#page_378">378</a>.<br /> - -Pelargonium, <a href="#page_290">290</a>.<br /> - -Pelea, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Peliostomum, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Pelletiera, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -Peltophorum, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -<i>Peltophorum</i>, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -Pemphis, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -Penaea, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -PENAEACEAE, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_379">379</a>, <a href="#plt_108">pl. 108</a>.<br /> - -<i>PENAEACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -Penianthus, <a href="#page_201">201</a>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -<i>Penicillaria</i>, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Pennisetum, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pentabrachium</i>, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Pentacarpaea, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Pentaclethra, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -Pentadesma, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Pentadiplandra, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pentagonia</i>, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -Pentaloncha, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Pentameris, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Pentanisia, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pentanopsis</i>, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pentapera</i>, <a href="#page_417">417</a>.<br /> - -Pentarrhinum, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -Pentas, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Pentaschistis, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Pentasticha, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pentatrichia</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Pentatropis, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -<i>Penthea</i>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Pentheriella, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Pentodon, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -Pentopetia, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pentopetia</i>, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -Pentopetiopsis, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -Pentzia, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Peperomia, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_637">{637}</a></span>Peplidium, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Peplis, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -<i>Peponia</i>, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Peponium, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -<i>Perdicium</i>, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pergularia</i>, <a href="#page_448">448</a>, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Perianthostelma, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -<i>Periblema</i>, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -<i>Perichasma</i>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Perichlaena, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -<i>Perideraea</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Periestes, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -<i>Periglossum</i>, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -<i>Perinerion</i>, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -Peripeplus, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -Periploca, <a href="#page_442">442</a>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -<i>PERIPLOCACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Peristrophe, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Peristylus, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -<i>Perithrix</i>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Perotis, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Perotriche, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -Perralderia, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Perriera, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Persea, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -<i>Persea</i>, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -<i>Persica</i>, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Pervillaea, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Petalacte, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Petalactella, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -<i>Petalidium</i>, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Petalidium, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Petalodiscus, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Petalonema, <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -Petasites, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -Petersia, <a href="#page_387">387</a>.<br /> - -Petrobium, <a href="#page_564">564</a>.<br /> - -<i>Petrophyes</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Petroselinum, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -<i>Petroselinum</i>, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Peucedanum, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -<i>Peucedanum</i>, <a href="#page_408">408</a>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Peyrousea, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phaca</i>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -Phaenocoma, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -Phaenohoffmannia, <a href="#page_265">265</a>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>.<br /> - -Phaeocephalus, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -Phaeomeria, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Phaeoneuron, <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phaeopappus</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Phaeoptilon, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Phagnalon, <a href="#page_562">562</a>, <a href="#page_575">575</a>, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Phaius, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phalangium</i>, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -Phalaris, <a href="#page_94">94</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pharbitis</i>, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -Pharnaceum, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Phaseolus, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -Phaulopsis, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phaylopsis</i>, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phelipaea</i>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -Phellolophium, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Phenax, <a href="#page_169">169</a><br /> - -Phialodiscus, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -Philippia, <a href="#page_417">417</a>, <a href="#plt_120">pl. 120</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phillipsia</i>, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Phillyrea, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -<i>Philoxerus</i>, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Philyrophyllum, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Phleum, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Phloga, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Phlogella, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Phlomis, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phoberos</i>, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Phoebe, <a href="#page_211">211</a>.<br /> - -Phoenicophorium, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Phoenix, <a href="#page_110">110</a>.<br /> - -Phormium, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -Phornothamnus, <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -<i>Photinia</i>, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -Phragmites, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Phrynium, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phrynium</i>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phycagrostis</i>, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -Phygelius, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Phylica, <a href="#page_345">345</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phyllactinia</i>, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -Phyllanthus, <a href="#page_323">323</a>, <a href="#plt_80">pl. 80</a>.<br /> - -Phyllarthron, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -Phyllis, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Phyllobotryum, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Phylloclinium, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Phyllocomos, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Phyllocosmus, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Phylloctenium, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -<i>Phyllodes</i>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Phyllopodium, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Phyllorhachis, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Phyllosma, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -Phylloxylon, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -Phymaspermum, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -<i>Physacanthus</i>, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Physalis, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -<i>Physaloides</i>, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -<i>Physanthyllis</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Physedra, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Physena, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Physocaulis, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -Physospermum , <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -Physostigma, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -Physotrichia, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Phytolacca, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -PHYTOLACCACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Piaranthus, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -<i>Picconia</i>, <a href="#page_426">426</a>.<br /> - -<i>Picnomon</i>, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Picralima, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -<i>Picralima</i>, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -<i>Picridium</i>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Picris, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Pierreodendron, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Pierrina, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -Pilea, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pilogyne</i>, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Pilostyles, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -Pimenta, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -Pimpinella, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -PINACEAE, <a href="#page_1">1</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#plt_2">pl. 2</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pinardia</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Pinus, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Piper, <a href="#page_161">161</a>, <a href="#plt_27">pl. 27</a>.<br /> - -<i>Piper</i>, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -PIPERACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_161">161</a>, <a href="#plt_27">pl. 27</a>.br /> - -Piptadenia, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -<i>Piptatherum</i>, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -<i>Piptolaena</i>, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Piptostigma, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Pipturus, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pircunia</i>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Piriqueta, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -Pirus, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -Pisonia, <a href="#page_186">186</a>, <a href="#plt_42">pl. 42</a>.<br /> - -Pisosperma, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Pistacia, <a href="#page_326">326</a>.<br /> - -Pistaciopsis, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Pistia, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pistorinia</i>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Pisum, <a href="#page_261">261</a>, <a href="#page_269">269</a>.<br /> - -Pithecolobium, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -PITTOSPORACEAE, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_235">235</a>, <a href="#plt_61">pl. 61</a>.<br /> - -Pittosporum, <a href="#page_235">235</a>, <a href="#plt_61">pl. 61</a>.<br /> - -Pituranthos, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Placodiscus, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -Placopoda, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -<i>Placus</i>, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pladaroxylon</i>, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -Plagioscyphus, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -Plagiosiphon, <a href="#page_253">253</a>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Plagiostyles, <a href="#page_321">321</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Plagius</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -PLANTAGINACEAE, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_515">515</a>, <a href="#plt_143">pl. 143</a>.<br /> - -Plantago, <a href="#page_516">516</a>, <a href="#plt_143">pl. 143</a>.<br /> - -PLATANACEAE, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_64">64</a>, <a href="#page_238">238</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_638">{638}</a></span>Platanthera, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>Platanthera</i>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Platanus, <a href="#page_238">238</a>.<br /> - -Platostoma, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<i>Platycalyx</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -<i>Platycapnos</i>, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Platycarpha, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -Platycelephium, <a href="#page_259">259</a>.<br /> - -<i>Platycoryne</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Platykeleba, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -Platylepis, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Platylophus, <a href="#page_235">235</a>.<br /> - -<i>Platymitium</i>, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -Platysepalum, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -Platytinospora, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -<i>Plecospermum</i>, <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -Plectaneia, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Plectranthus, <a href="#page_474">474</a>, <a href="#page_475">475</a>, <a href="#plt_134">pl. 134</a>.<br /> - -<i>Plectranthus</i>, <a href="#page_474">474</a>, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Plectronia, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -Pleiocarpa, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -Pleioceras, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Pleiomeris, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pleiospora</i>, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pleiostemon</i>, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Pleiotaxis, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pleuroblepharis</i>, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Pleurocoffea, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -Pleuropterantha, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Pleurostelma, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pleurostelma</i>, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Pleurostylia, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Plinthus, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Plocama, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -<i>Plocandra</i>, <a href="#page_432">432</a>.<br /> - -Pluchea, <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pluchea</i>, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Plukenetia, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -<i>Plukenetia</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -PLUMBAGINACEAE, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_420">420</a>, <a href="#plt_123">pl. 123</a>.<br /> - -Plumbago, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -<i>Plumeria</i>, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Plumiera, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Poa, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Poa</i>, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Poagrostis, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -Podalyria, <a href="#page_257">257</a>.<br /> - -<i>Podandria</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -<i>Podanthes</i>, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -Podocarpus, <a href="#page_70">70</a>.<br /> - -Podococcus, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Podogynium, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -<i>Podonosma</i>, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Podorungia, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -<i>Podospermum</i>, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Podostelma, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Podostemon, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -<i>Podostemon</i>, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -PODOSTEMONACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_230">230</a>, <a href="#plt_57">pl. 57</a>.<br /> - -<i>PODOSTEMONACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Podranea, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Poecilostachys, <a href="#page_94">94</a>, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -Poga, <a href="#page_387">387</a>.<br /> - -Poggea, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -Poggeophyton, <a href="#page_316">316</a>.<br /> - -Pogonarthria, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pogonia</i>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pogonostigma</i>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>.<br /> - -Pogostemon, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Poinciana, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -<i>Poivrea</i>, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Polanisia, <a href="#page_215">215</a>, <a href="#plt_54">pl. 54</a>.<br /> - -Polemannia, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -<i>Polia</i>, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Pollia, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -Pollichia, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pollichia</i>, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Pollinia, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -Polpoda, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Polyadoa, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Polyalthia, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Polycardia, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Polycarena, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Polycarpaea, <a href="#page_194">194</a>, <a href="#plt_45">pl. 45</a>.<br /> - -<i>Polycarpia</i>, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Polycarpon, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Polycephalium, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -Polyceratocarpus, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Polycline, <a href="#page_553">553</a>.<br /> - -Polycnemum, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -Polygala, <a href="#page_309">309</a>.<br /> - -POLYGALACEAE, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_308">308</a>, <a href="#plt_78">pl. 78</a>.<br /> - -POLYGONACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_177">177</a>, <a href="#plt_39">pl. 39</a>.<br /> - -Polygonum, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -<i>Polygonum</i>, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Polypogon, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Polyscias, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -Polyspatha, <a href="#page_122">122</a>.<br /> - -Polysphaeria, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -Polystachya, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -<i>Polystachya</i>, <a href="#page_160">160</a>.<br /> - -Polystemonanthus, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Polyxena, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -<i>POMACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_239">239</a>.<br /> - -Pongamia, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -PONTEDERIACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -<i>PONTEDERIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Popowia, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Populina, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Populus, <a href="#page_161">161</a>.<br /> - -Porana, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -<i>Porphyranthus</i>, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -Porphyrostemma, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Portulaca, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -PORTULACACEAE, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_190">190</a>, <a href="#plt_44">pl. 44</a>.<br /> - -<i>PORTULACACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -Portulacaria, <a href="#page_191">191</a>.<br /> - -Posidonia, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -Poskea, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Potameia, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Potamogeton, <a href="#page_74">74</a>, <a href="#plt_4">pl. 4</a>.<br /> - -POTAMOGETONACEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>, <a href="#plt_4">pl. 4</a>.<br /> - -<i>Potamophila</i>, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Potentilla, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Poterium, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -<i>Poterium</i>, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Pothos, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -Pouchetia, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Poupartia, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Pouzolzia, <a href="#page_170">170</a>.<br /> - -<i>Prageluria</i>, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Prasium, <a href="#page_471">471</a>.<br /> - -<i>Preauxia</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Premna, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Prenanthes, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Preslia, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -Pretrea, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Pretreothamnus, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Preussiella, <a href="#page_396">396</a>.<br /> - -Prevostea, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Priestleya, <a href="#page_263">263</a>, <a href="#page_271">271</a>.<br /> - -Primula, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -PRIMULACEAE, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_419">419</a>, <a href="#plt_122">pl. 122</a>.<br /> - -Pringlea, <a href="#page_220">220</a>.<br /> - -Printzia, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Prionachne, <a href="#page_92">92</a>, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -<i>Prionanthium</i>, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Prionium, <a href="#page_124">124</a>, <a href="#plt_17">pl. 17</a>.<br /> - -Priotropis, <a href="#page_263">263</a>.<br /> - -Prismatocarpus, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Priva, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -Probletostemon, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Prockiopsis, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Procris, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -<i>Prolongea</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Prosopis, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Prosopostelma, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -Protarum, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -Protea, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_639">{639}</a></span>PROTEACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_170">170</a>, <a href="#plt_33">pl. 33</a>.<br /> - -Protium, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Protomegabaria, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Protorhus, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -<i>Prunella</i>, <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Prunus, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -<i>Psamma</i>, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Psammotropha, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Psathura, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -Psednotrichia, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Pseudagrostistachys, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Pseudarthria, <a href="#page_280">280</a>.<br /> - -Pseuderanthemum, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Pseudobaeckea, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -Pseudobarleria, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Pseudoblepharis, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Pseudobromus, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Pseudocadia, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Pseudocalyx, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Pseudocedrela, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -Pseudocinchona, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Pseudogaltonia, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Pseudohydrosme, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Pseudolachnostylis, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Pseudoprosopis, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Pseudopteris, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -Pseudosopubia, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Pseudospondias, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pseudotragia</i>, <a href="#page_315">315</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Psiadia, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -Psidium, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -Psilanthus, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -<i>Psilostachys</i>, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Psilotrichum, <a href="#page_184">184</a>.<br /> - -Psiloxylon, <a href="#page_391">391</a>.<br /> - -Psilurus, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Psophocarpus, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>.<br /> - -Psoralea, <a href="#page_262">262</a>, <a href="#page_263">263</a>, <a href="#page_265">265</a>, <a href="#page_268">268</a>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>, <a href="#page_282">282</a>, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -Psorospermum, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Psychine, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -Psychotria, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -<i>Psychotria</i>, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -<i>PTAEROXYLEAE</i>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Ptaeroxylon, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Pteleopsis, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -Ptelidium, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Pteranthus, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Pterocarpus, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_286">286</a>, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -Pterocaulon, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Pterocelastrus, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Pterocephalus, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -Pterodiscus, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Pteroglossaspis, <a href="#page_157">157</a>.<br /> - -Pterolobium, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -Pteronia, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pteropetalum</i>, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Pterorhachis, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pterota</i>, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -Pterotaberna, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Pterotheca, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Pterothrix, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pterygocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Pterygodium, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -Pterygota, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -Ptilotrichum, <a href="#page_219">219</a>.<br /> - -Ptychopetalum, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Ptychotis, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ptychotis</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Puelia, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Pueraria, <a href="#page_276">276</a>.<br /> - -Pulicaria, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Punica, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -PUNICACEAE, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_386">386</a>.<br /> - -Pupalia, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pusactha</i>, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Putoria, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -Putterlickia, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Pycnanthus, <a href="#page_208">208</a>, <a href="#plt_49">pl. 49</a>.<br /> - -Pycnobotrya, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -Pycnocoma, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Pycnocomon, <a href="#page_534">534</a>.<br /> - -Pycnocycla, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -Pycnoneurum, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Pycnosphaera, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Pycnostachys, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pycnostylis</i>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pycreus</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -Pygeum, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pynaertia</i>, <a href="#page_303">303</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Pyramidocarpus, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Pyrenacantha, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pyrethrum</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -Pyrostria, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -<i>Pyrus</i>, <a href="#page_239">239</a>, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="Q"></a>Quamoclit, <a href="#page_462">462</a>.<br /> - -<i>Quartinia</i>, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -Quassia, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -<i>Quassia</i>, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Quercus, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -Queria, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Quisqualis, <a href="#page_390">390</a>.<br /> - -<i>Quivisia</i>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Quivisianthe, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="R"></a>Radamaea, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>Radinocion</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Radiola, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Radlkofera, <a href="#page_337">337</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raffenaldia</i>, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -RAFFLESIACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_177">177</a>.<br /> - -Rafnia, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raimannia</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rameya</i>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Randia, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -<i>Randia</i>, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Randonia, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -RANUNCULACEAEA, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>, <a href="#plt_46">pl. 46</a>.<br /> - -Ranunculus, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Rapanea, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -RAPATEACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_121">121</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphanistrocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphanocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphanopsis</i>, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphanus</i>, <a href="#page_222">222</a>.<br /> - -Raphia, <a href="#page_111">111</a>, <a href="#plt_10">pl. 10</a>. <a href="#page_11">11</a>.<br /> - -Raphiacme, <a href="#page_443">443</a>, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphidiocystis</i>, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphidophora</i>, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphionacme</i>, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -<i>Raphispermum</i>, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rapistrella</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Rapistrum, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rapistrum</i>, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Rapona, <a href="#page_458">458</a>.<br /> - -Raspalia, <a href="#page_237">237</a>, <a href="#plt_63">pl. 63</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ratonia</i>, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Rautanenia, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -Rauwolfia, <a href="#page_438">438</a>.<br /> - -Ravenala, <a href="#page_145">145</a>.<br /> - -Ravenea, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Ravensara, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -Rawsonia, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Reaumuria, <a href="#page_364">364</a>.<br /> - -Reboudia, <a href="#page_221">221</a>.<br /> - -Reichardia, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Reinwardtia, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Relhania, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Remirea, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Remusatia, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -Renealmia, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -Renschia, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -<i>Requienia</i>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>.<br /> - -Reseda, <a href="#page_229">229</a>.<br /> - -RESEDACEAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_228">228</a>, <a href="#plt_55">pl. 55</a>.<br /> - -Restio, <a href="#page_120">120</a>, <a href="#plt_13">pl. 13</a>.<br /> - -RESTIONACEAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_119">119</a>, <a href="#plt_13">pl. 13</a>.<br /> - -<i>Retama</i>, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Retzia, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -<i>Reutera</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Rhabdia, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Rhabdostigma, <a href="#page_517">517</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhabdotheca</i>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_640">{640}</a></span>Rhadamanthus, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -Rhagadiolus, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -RHAMNACEAE, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_343">343</a>, <a href="#plt_88">pl. 88</a>.<br /> - -<i>RHAMNACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -Rhamnus, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Rhamphicarpa, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Rhanterium, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphanistrocarpus, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphanocarpus, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphanus, <a href="#page_222">222</a>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphidanthe, <a href="#page_424">424</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphidiocystis, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhaphidorhynchus</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphidospora, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphiostyles, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Rhaphispermum, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhaponticum</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Rhaptonema, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Rhaptopetalum, <a href="#page_358">358</a>, <a href="#plt_95">pl. 95</a>.<br /> - -<i>RHAPTOPETALACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Rheedia, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Rhektophyllum, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhetinolepis</i>, <a href="#page_577">577</a>.<br /> - -Rhigiocarya, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Rhigiophyllum, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Rhigozum, <a href="#page_495">495</a>.<br /> - -Rhinacanthus, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -Rhinopteryx, <a href="#page_306">306</a>.<br /> - -Rhipsalis, <a href="#page_379">379</a>.<br /> - -Rhizophora, <a href="#page_388">388</a>.<br /> - -RHIZOPHORACEAE, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, 33 <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_47">47</a>, <a href="#page_387">387</a>, <a href="#plt_112">pl. 112</a>.<br /> - -Rhodochlaena, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhodoclada</i>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -Rhodocodon, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Rhodocolea, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhodolaena</i>, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhodorrhiza</i>, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Rhodosepala, <a href="#page_394">394</a>.<br /> - -Rhoeo, <a href="#page_123">123</a>.<br /> - -Rhoicissus, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhoiocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_172">172</a>.<br /> - -Rhombonema, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -Rhopalocarpus, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Rhopalopilia, <a href="#page_173">173</a>.<br /> - -Rhus, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhyacophila</i>, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhynchelytrum</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Rhynchocalyx, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhynchocarpa</i>, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -Rhynchosia, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_279">279</a>, <a href="#page_282">282</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhynchosia</i>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Rhynchospora, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Rhynchostigma, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Rhynchotropis, <a href="#page_262">262</a>, <a href="#page_272">272</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhynea</i>, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Rhyssolobium, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -Rhytachne, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Rhyticarpus, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhytidachne</i>, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rhytiglossa</i>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Ribes, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -<i>Richardia</i>, <a href="#page_117">117</a>, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Richardsonia, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Ricinodendron, <a href="#page_317">317</a>.<br /> - -Ricinus, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -Ricotia, <a href="#page_226">226</a>, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -Ridolfia, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Rindera, <a href="#page_467">467</a>.<br /> - -Rinorea, <a href="#page_367">367</a>, <a href="#plt_103">pl. 103</a>.<br /> - -Riocreuxia, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Ritchiea, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Rivea, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rivea</i>, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Rivina, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -<i>Robbairea</i>, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Robinia, <a href="#page_268">268</a>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -Rochea, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Rochelia, <a href="#page_464">464</a>.<br /> - -Rochonia, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Roëlla, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Roemeria, <a href="#page_213">213</a>.<br /> - -Roeperocharis, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -<i>Roettlera</i>, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -Rogeria, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Romulea, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ropalandria</i>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ropalocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Roridula, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -<i>Roripa</i>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -Rosa, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -ROSACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_239">239</a>, <a href="#plt_65">pl. 65</a>.<br /> - -Roscheria, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Rosenia, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Rosmarinus, <a href="#page_471">471</a>.<br /> - -Rotala, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rotantha</i>, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -Rothia, <a href="#page_274">274</a>.<br /> - -Rottboellia, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rottboellia</i>, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -<i>Roubieva</i>, <a href="#page_182">182</a>.<br /> - -<i>Roupellia</i>, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -Rourea, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rourea</i>, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Roureopsis, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -Roussea, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -Rousseauxia, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Royena, <a href="#page_424">424</a>.<br /> - -Rubia, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -RUBIACEAE, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_516">516</a>, <a href="#plt_144">pl. 144</a>.<br /> - -Rubus, <a href="#page_242">242</a>.<br /> - -Ruckeria, <a href="#page_567">567</a>, <a href="#page_574">574</a>.<br /> - -Ruelingia, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -Ruellia, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Ruelliola, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Ruelliopsis, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Ruizia, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Rumex, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Rungia, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Ruppia, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -Ruscus, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Ruspolia, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Russelia, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Ruta, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -RUTACEAE, <a href="#page_11">11</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>. <a href="#plt_73">pl. 73</a>.<br /> - -<i>RUTACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Ruthea, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Rutidea, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -Ruttya, <a href="#page_511">511</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ruttya</i>, <a href="#page_500">500</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rynchospora</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rytidocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Rytilix</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="S"></a>Sabicea, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sabina</i>, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Saccharum, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -<i>Saccidium</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sacciolepis</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Saccocalyx, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Saccoglottis, <a href="#page_292">292</a>.<br /> - -Saccolabium, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -<i>Saccolabium</i>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sacleuxia</i>, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Sageretia, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Sagina, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sagittaria</i>, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sagus</i>, <a href="#page_111">111</a>.<br /> - -Saintpaulia, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -Sakersia, <a href="#page_395">395</a>.<br /> - -Salacia, <a href="#page_332">332</a>, <a href="#plt_83">pl. 83</a>.<br /> - -Salaxis, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -<i>Saldania</i>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Saldinia, <a href="#page_524">524</a>.<br /> - -SALICACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_161">161</a>, <a href="#plt_28">pl. 28</a>.<br /> - -Salicornia, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -Salix, <a href="#page_161">161</a>, <a href="#plt_28">pl. 28</a>.<br /> - -Salsola, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -<i>SALSOLACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -Salvadora, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_641">{641}</a></span>SALVADORACEAE, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_332">332</a>.<br /> - -Salvia, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Salviacanthus, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Samadera, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -<i>Samara</i>, <a href="#page_418">418</a>.<br /> - -Sambucus, <a href="#page_533">533</a>.<br /> - -Samolus, <a href="#page_419">419</a>.<br /> - -<i>SAMYDACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -Sandersonia, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Sanguisorba, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Sanicula, <a href="#page_403">403</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sanseverinia</i>, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -Sansevieria, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -SANTALACEAE, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_172">172</a>, <a href="#plt_35">pl. 35</a>.<br /> - -<i>SANTALACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>.<br /> - -Santalina, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -<i>Santaloides</i>, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -<i>Santiria</i>, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Santiriopsis, <a href="#page_302">302</a>.<br /> - -Santulina, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -SAPINDACEAE, <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_18">18</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_335">335</a>, <a href="#plt_85">pl. 85</a>.<br /> - -<i>SAPINDACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_335">335</a>, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -Sapindus, <a href="#page_337">337</a>, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sapindus</i>, <a href="#page_338">338</a>, <a href="#page_339">339</a>, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -Sapium, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sapium</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Saponaria, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -<i>Saponaria</i>, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sapota</i>, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -SAPOTACEAE, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>, <a href="#plt_124">pl. 124</a>.<br /> - -Sarcocapnos, <a href="#page_212">212</a>.<br /> - -Sarcocaulon, <a href="#page_290">290</a>.<br /> - -Sarcocephalus, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Sarcochlaena, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Sarcocolla, <a href="#page_380">380</a>, <a href="#plt_108">pl. 108</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sarcocolla</i>, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sarcocyphula</i>, <a href="#page_447">447</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sarcolaena</i>, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Sarcophrynium, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Sarcophyte, <a href="#page_176">176</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sarcopoterium</i>, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Sarcostemma, <a href="#page_447">447</a>, <a href="#page_448">448</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sarothamnus</i>, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Satanocrater, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Satureia, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -<i>Satureia</i>, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -<i>Satyridium</i>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Satyrium, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Sauromatum, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -Sauvagesia, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -<i>Savia</i>, <a href="#page_319">319</a>, <a href="#page_320">320</a>.<br /> - -Savignya, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -<i>Saviniona</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Saxifraga, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -SAXIFRAGACEAE, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>, <a href="#plt_60">pl. 60</a>.<br /> - -<i>SAXIFRAGACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_235">235</a>, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Scabiosa, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -<i>Scabiosa</i>, <a href="#page_534">534</a>, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -Scaevola, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -Scaligeria, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -Scandix, <a href="#page_405">405</a>.<br /> - -Scaphopetalum, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schanginia</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -Schaueria, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -Schefflera, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Schefflerodendron, <a href="#page_288">288</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schepperia</i>, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -Schimpera, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -Schinus, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -Schinziella, <a href="#page_431">431</a>.<br /> - -Schismatoclada, <a href="#page_531">531</a>.<br /> - -Schismus, <a href="#page_104">104</a>.<br /> - -Schistostephium, <a href="#page_578">578</a>, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Schizobasis, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schizochilus</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Schizochlaena, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -Schizodium, <a href="#page_151">151</a>.<br /> - -Schizoglossum, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schizoglossum</i>, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schizogyne</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schizolaena</i>, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -Schizostachyum, <a href="#page_88">88</a>.<br /> - -Schizostephanus, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Schizostylis, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -Schizozygia, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Schlechterella, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -Schlechteria, <a href="#page_218">218</a>, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -Schlechterina, <a href="#page_375">375</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schmidelia</i>, <a href="#page_336">336</a>.<br /> - -Schmidtia, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schoberia</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -Schoenefeldia, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schoenlandia</i>, <a href="#page_124">124</a>.<br /> - -Schoenodendron, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schoenoplectus</i>, <a href="#page_110">110</a>.<br /> - -Schoenoxiphium, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Schoenus, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schoenus</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Schotia, <a href="#page_254">254</a>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Schouwia, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -Schranckia, <a href="#page_245">245</a>.<br /> - -Schrebera, <a href="#page_426">426</a>, <a href="#plt_126">pl. 126</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schrebera</i>, <a href="#page_331">331</a>.<br /> - -Schubea, <a href="#page_311">311</a>.<br /> - -Schultesia, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -Schumanniophyton, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Schwabea, <a href="#page_514">514</a>.<br /> - -<i>Schwarzkopffia</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Schweinfurthia, <a href="#page_490">490</a>.<br /> - -Schwenkia, <a href="#page_481">481</a>.<br /> - -Sciadopanax, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sciadophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Sciaphila, <a href="#page_79">79</a>.<br /> - -Scilla, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Scirpus, <a href="#page_110">110</a>.<br /> - -<i>Scirpus</i>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>SCITAMINEAE</i>, <a href="#page_145">145</a>, <a href="#page_146">146</a>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Scleranthus, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Scleria, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -<i>Scleria</i>, <a href="#page_106">106</a>.<br /> - -Sclerocarpus, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Sclerocarya, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Sclerocephalus, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -Sclerochiton, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sclerochiton</i>, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Sclerochloa, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -Sclerodactylon, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sclerodictyon</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sclerolaena</i>, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -Scleropoa, <a href="#page_105">105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sclerosciadium</i>, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Sclerosperma, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Scolopia, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -Scolymus, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Scoparia, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -<i>Scopularia</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Scorodophloeus, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -Scorpiurus, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Scorzonera, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Scottellia, <a href="#page_368">368</a>.<br /> - -Scrophularia, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -SCROPHULARIACEAE, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_53">53</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_56">56</a>, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_483">483</a>, <a href="#plt_136">pl. 136</a>.<br /> - -Scutellaria, <a href="#page_472">472</a>.<br /> - -Scutia, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Scyphocephalium, <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -Scyphochlamys, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -Scyphogyne, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Scyphosyce, <a href="#page_167">167</a>.<br /> - -<i>Scytanthus</i>, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -SCYTOPETALACEAE, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_357">357</a>, <a href="#plt_95">pl. 95</a>.<br /> - -Scytopetalum, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -<i>Scytophyllum</i>, <a href="#page_330">330</a>.<br /> - -Sebaea, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sebaea</i>, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -Sebastiania, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_642">{642}</a></span><i>Sebastiania</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Secale, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -Secamone, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -<i>Secamone</i>, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Secamonopsis, <a href="#page_451">451</a>.<br /> - -Sechium, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -Securidaca, <a href="#page_308">308</a>, <a href="#plt_78">pl. 78</a>.<br /> - -<i>Securidaca</i>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Securigera, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -Securinega, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -<i>Securinega</i>, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Seddera, <a href="#page_459">459</a>.<br /> - -Sedum, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -<i>Seemannaralia</i>, <a href="#page_400">400</a>.<br /> - -Seetzenia, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Seidelia, <a href="#page_315">315</a>.<br /> - -Seidlitzia, <a href="#page_608">608</a>.<br /> - -<i>SELAGINEAE</i>, <a href="#page_483">483</a>, <a href="#page_502">502</a>.<br /> - -Selago, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -<i>Selinopsis</i>, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -<i>Selinum</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Semele, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -<i>Semonvillea</i>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Sempervivum, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -<i>Senebiera</i>, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -Senecio, <a href="#page_576">576</a>.<br /> - -<i>Senecio</i>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -Senra, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Serapias, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Sericocoma, <a href="#page_184">184</a>, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sericocoma</i>, <a href="#page_184">184</a>, <a href="#page_185">185</a>, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Sericocomopsis, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sericocomopsis</i>, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -Sericorema, <a href="#page_186">186</a>.<br /> - -Sericostachys, <a href="#page_185">185</a>.<br /> - -Sericostoma, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -<i>Seriola</i>, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Serissa, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Serjania, <a href="#page_336">336</a>.<br /> - -<i>Serpicula</i>, <a href="#page_399">399</a>.<br /> - -Serratula, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Serruria, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Sersalisia, <a href="#page_422">422</a>, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Sesamothamnus, <a href="#page_498">498</a>.<br /> - -Sesamum, <a href="#page_499">499</a>, <a href="#plt_138">pl. 138</a>.<br /> - -Sesbania, <a href="#page_267">267</a>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -Seseli, <a href="#page_410">410</a>, <a href="#page_411">411</a>.<br /> - -<i>Seseli</i>, <a href="#page_414">414</a>.<br /> - -Sesuvium, <a href="#page_189">189</a>.<br /> - -Setaria, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sevada</i>, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -<i>Seychellaria</i>, <a href="#page_79">79</a>.<br /> - -Seymeria, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -Sherardia, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sherbournia</i>, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -<i>Shutereia</i>, <a href="#page_460">460</a>.<br /> - -Shuteria, <a href="#page_279">279</a>.<br /> - -Sibangea, <a href="#page_322">322</a>.<br /> - -Sibthorpia, <a href="#page_488">488</a>.<br /> - -Sicyos, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -Sida, <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -Sideritis, <a href="#page_477">477</a>.<br /> - -Sideroxylon, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sideroxylon</i>, <a href="#page_422">422</a>.<br /> - -Siegesbeckia, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Sigmatosiphon, <a href="#page_498">498</a>.<br /> - -<i>SILENACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_192">192</a>.<br /> - -Silene, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Silybum, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -SIMARUBACEAE, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_299">299</a>, <a href="#plt_74">pl. 74</a>.<br /> - -<i>SIMARUBACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -Simarubopsis, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -<i>Simbuleta</i>, <a href="#page_491">491</a>.<br /> - -Simethis, <a href="#page_132">132</a>.<br /> - -Simochilus, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Sinapidendron, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Sinapis, <a href="#page_221">221</a>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -Siphocodon, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -Siphocolea, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -<i>Siphomeris</i>, <a href="#page_523">523</a>.<br /> - -<i>Siphonantha</i>, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -<i>Siphonia</i>, <a href="#page_314">314</a>.<br /> - -<i>Siphonochilus</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Siphonoglossa, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -<i>Siphonoglossa</i>, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Sison, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Sisymbrium, <a href="#page_224">224</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sisymbrium</i>, <a href="#page_217">217</a>, <a href="#page_218">218</a>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -Sisyndite, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Sisyranthus, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Sisyrinchium, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -Sium, <a href="#page_412">412</a>.<br /> - -Sloetiopsis, <a href="#page_164">164</a>.<br /> - -Smeathmannia, <a href="#page_370">370</a>.<br /> - -Smelophyllum, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -<i>SMILACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_125">125</a>.<br /> - -Smilax, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Smithia, <a href="#page_269">269</a>, <a href="#page_284">284</a>, <a href="#page_286">286</a>.<br /> - -Smodingium, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -Smyrnium, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -<i>Socotora</i>, <a href="#page_442">442</a>.<br /> - -<i>Socotranthus</i>, <a href="#page_444">444</a>.<br /> - -SOLANACEAE, <a href="#page_57">57</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, <a href="#page_59">59</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_481">481</a>, <a href="#plt_135">pl. 135</a>.<br /> - -Solanum, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -Solenanthus, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -<i>Solenixora</i>, <a href="#page_520">520</a>.<br /> - -Solenostemma, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Solenostemon, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Solidago, <a href="#page_573">573</a>.<br /> - -Soliva, <a href="#page_566">566</a>.<br /> - -<i>Somalia</i>, <a href="#page_507">507</a>.<br /> - -Sonchus, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Sonneratia, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -SONNERATIACEAE, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -Sophora, <a href="#page_258">258</a>, <a href="#page_259">259</a>.<br /> - -Sopubia, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sorbus</i>, <a href="#page_240">240</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sorghum</i>, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Sorindeia, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -Sorocephalus, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Soulamea, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.<br /> - -Soyauxia, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -<i>Spallanzania</i>, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Sparaxis, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -SPARGANIACEAE, <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>.<br /> - -Sparganium, <a href="#page_73">73</a>.<br /> - -Sparganophorus, <a href="#page_569">569</a>.<br /> - -Sparmannia, <a href="#page_350">350</a>.<br /> - -Spartina, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Spartium, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -<i>Spartocytisus</i>, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Spatalla, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Spatallopsis, <a href="#page_171">171</a>.<br /> - -Spathionema, <a href="#page_261">261</a>.<br /> - -Spathodea, <a href="#page_495">495</a>.<br /> - -Spathulopetalum, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Specularia, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Speirostyla, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -Spergula, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Spergularia, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Spermacoce, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -<i>Spermacoce</i>, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -<i>Spermacoceoides</i>, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Sphacele, <a href="#page_475">475</a>.<br /> - -Sphacophyllum, <a href="#page_554">554</a>.<br /> - -Sphaeralcea, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Sphaeranthus, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sphaerocephalus</i>, <a href="#page_549">549</a>.<br /> - -Sphaerocodon, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -Sphaerocoma, <a href="#page_193">193</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sphaeroma</i>, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Sphaerosepalum, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Sphaerosicyos, <a href="#page_540">540</a>.<br /> - -Sphaerostylis, <a href="#page_312">312</a>.<br /> - -Sphaerothylax, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -Sphedamnocarpus, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sphedamnocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -Sphenandra, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Sphenocentrum, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Sphenoclea, <a href="#page_542">542</a>.<br /> - -<i>SPHENOCLEACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_541">541</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sphenogyne</i>, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Sphenopus, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -Sphenostylis, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Spilanthes, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Spinacia, <a href="#page_181">181</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_643">{643}</a></span><i>Spiraeea</i>, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Spiranthes, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Spirodela, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -Spiropetalum, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Spirospermum, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -Spirostachys, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Spitzelia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Spondianthus, <a href="#page_328">328</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Spondias, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -<i>Spondias</i>, <a href="#page_328">328</a>, <a href="#page_329">329</a>.<br /> - -Spondiopsis, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sponia</i>, <a href="#page_164">164</a>.<br /> - -Sporobolus, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Staavia, <a href="#page_237">237</a>.<br /> - -Staberoha, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Stachyanthus, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -Stachyothyrus, <a href="#page_250">250</a>.<br /> - -Stachys, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Stachytarpheta, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Stadmannia, <a href="#page_338">338</a>.<br /> - -Staehelina, <a href="#page_551">551</a>.<br /> - -Stangeria, <a href="#page_69">69</a>.<br /> - -Stapelia, <a href="#page_455">455</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stapfiola</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<i>Staphylosyce</i>, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -<i>Staphysora</i>, <a href="#page_322">322</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Stathmostelma, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Statice, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -Staudtia, <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -Staurogyne, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stearodendron</i>, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Steirodiscus, <a href="#page_565">565</a>.<br /> - -Stellaria, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Stellularia, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Stemodia, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stemodiacra</i>, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Stemodiopsis, <a href="#page_495">495</a>.<br /> - -Stemonocoleus, <a href="#page_252">252</a>.<br /> - -Stenadenium, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Stenandriopsis, <a href="#page_509">509</a>.<br /> - -Stenanthera, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Stenocline, <a href="#page_562">562</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Stenoglottis, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stenolirion</i>, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -Stenolobium, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Stenonia, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -Stenophragma, <a href="#page_218">218</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stenosemis</i>, <a href="#page_409">409</a>.<br /> - -Stenostelma, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -Stenotaphrum, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Stephania, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stephanocoma</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Stephanodaphne, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stephanolepis</i>, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -Stephanorossia, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Stephanostegia, <a href="#page_441">441</a>.<br /> - -Stephanostema, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Stephanotis, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stephegyne</i>, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Sterculia, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sterculia</i>, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -STERCULIACEAE, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_14">14</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_42">42</a>, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_354">354</a>, <a href="#plt_94">pl. 94</a>.<br /> - -<i>STERCULIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stereochlaena</i>, <a href="#page_81">81</a>.<br /> - -Stereospermum, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Sternbergia, <a href="#page_137">137</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stevensonia</i>, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -Stiburus, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -Stichorchis, <a href="#page_156">156</a>.<br /> - -Stictocardia, <a href="#page_461">461</a>.<br /> - -Stilbe, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Stillingia, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -Stilpnogyne, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Stilpnophytum, <a href="#page_579">579</a>.<br /> - -Stipa, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Stipularia, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stironeurum</i>, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stizolobium</i>, <a href="#page_268">268</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stobaea</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Stoebe, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -Stolidia, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Stomatostemma, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stomotechium</i>, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -<i>Streblocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_214">214</a>.<br /> - -Strelitzia, <a href="#page_145">145</a>, <a href="#plt_23">pl. 23</a>.<br /> - -Strephonema, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -Streptanthera, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Streptocarpus, <a href="#page_501">501</a>, <a href="#plt_140">pl. 140</a>.<br /> - -Streptogyne, <a href="#page_92">92</a>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Streptopetalum, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -Striga, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Strigina, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Strobilanthes, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -Strobilanthopsis, <a href="#page_506">506</a>.<br /> - -<i>Strombosia</i>, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Strombosiopsis, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Strongylodon, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>.<br /> - -Strophanthus, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -Strumaria, <a href="#page_136">136</a>.<br /> - -Struthiola, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -Strychnopsis, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Strychnos, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -Stuhlmannia, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stupa</i>, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -<i>Styasasia</i>, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stylapterus</i>, <a href="#page_380">380</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stylarthropus</i>, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stylidium</i>, <a href="#page_389">389</a>.<br /> - -Stylochiton, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -<i>Stylocoryne</i>, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Stylosanthes, <a href="#page_268">268</a>.<br /> - -STYRACACEAE, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Suaeda, <a href="#page_179">179</a>.<br /> - -Subularia, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Succisa, <a href="#page_535">535</a>.<br /> - -Succowia, <a href="#page_226">226</a>.<br /> - -<i>Suffrenia</i>, <a href="#page_384">384</a>.<br /> - -<i>Suregada</i>, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -Suriana, <a href="#page_299">299</a>.<br /> - -Sutera, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -<i>Sutera</i>, <a href="#page_492">492</a>, <a href="#page_493">493</a>.<br /> - -Sutherlandia, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -Swartzia, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Sweertia, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -<i>Swietenia</i>, <a href="#page_393">393</a>.<br /> - -Swynnertonia, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -Sylitra, <a href="#page_271">271</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>.<br /> - -Symmeria, <a href="#page_178">178</a>.<br /> - -Symphonia, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -<i>Symphostemon</i>, <a href="#page_474">474</a>.<br /> - -Symphyochlamys, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -Symphytonema, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Symphytosiphon, <a href="#page_304">304</a>.<br /> - -Symphytum, <a href="#page_465">465</a>.<br /> - -Sympieza, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Symplectochilus, <a href="#page_513">513</a>.<br /> - -Synadenium, <a href="#page_310">310</a>.<br /> - -Synaptolepis, <a href="#page_381">381</a>.<br /> - -Syncephalum, <a href="#page_562">562</a>.<br /> - -Synchodendron, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -Synchoriste, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Synclisia, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Syncolostemon, <a href="#page_473">473</a>.<br /> - -<i>Syndesmanthus</i> <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Synedrella, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Syngonanthus, <a href="#page_121">121</a>.<br /> - -Synnema, <a href="#page_504">504</a>.<br /> - -Synnotia, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Synsepalum, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -<i>Syntherisma</i>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -Syntriandrium, <a href="#page_200">200</a>.<br /> - -Syringodea, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -Syrrheonema, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Syzygium, <a href="#page_392">392</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<i><a id="T"></a>Tabebuia</i>, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tabernaemontana</i>, <a href="#page_437">437</a>, <a href="#page_439">439</a>, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -Tabernanthe, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Tacazzea, <a href="#page_443">443</a>, <a href="#plt_130">pl. 130</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tacazzea</i>, <a href="#page_442">442</a>, <a href="#page_444">444</a>, <a href="#page_445">445</a>.<br /> - -Tacca, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -TACCACEAE, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Tachiadenus, <a href="#page_430">430</a>.<br /> - -<i>Taenosapium</i>, <a href="#page_318">318</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_644">{644}</a></span>Tagetes, <a href="#page_584">584</a>.<br /> - -Talinella, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -Talinum, <a href="#page_191">191</a>, <a href="#plt_44">pl. 44</a>.<br /> - -Talisiopsis, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -TAMARICACEAE, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_364">364</a>, <a href="#plt_101">pl. 101</a>.<br /> - -Tamarindus, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Tamarix, <a href="#page_364">364</a>, <a href="#plt_101">pl. 101</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tamatavia</i>, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Tambourissa, <a href="#page_209">209</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tamnus</i>, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -Tamus, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tanacetum</i>, <a href="#page_566">566</a>, <a href="#page_578">578</a>.<br /> - -Tanghinia, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -Tannodia, <a href="#page_312">312</a>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tannodia</i>, <a href="#page_610">610</a>.<br /> - -Tanulepis, <a href="#page_443">443</a>.<br /> - -Tapeinanthus, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Tapeinostelma, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Tapura, <a href="#page_309">309</a>.<br /> - -Taraxacum, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Tarchonanthus, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tardavel</i>, <a href="#page_522">522</a>.<br /> - -Tarenna, <a href="#page_526">526</a>, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tavaresia</i>, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Taverniera, <a href="#page_271">271</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>.<br /> - -TAXACEAE, <a href="#page_1">1</a>, <a href="#page_70">70</a>.<br /> - -Taxus, <a href="#page_70">70</a>.<br /> - -Teclea, <a href="#page_297">297</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tecmarsis</i>, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tecoma</i>, <a href="#page_495">495</a>, <a href="#page_496">496</a>.<br /> - -Tecomaria, <a href="#page_495">495</a>.<br /> - -Tectona, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Teedia, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Teesdalia, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -<i>Telanthera</i>, <a href="#page_183">183</a>.<br /> - -Telephium, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Telfairia, <a href="#page_536">536</a>.<br /> - -<i>Teline</i>, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Telosma, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Temnolepis, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Temnopteryx, <a href="#page_530">530</a>.<br /> - -Tenagocharis, <a href="#page_77">77</a>.<br /> - -Tenaris, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tenaris</i>, <a href="#page_457">457</a>.<br /> - -Tephrosia, <a href="#page_272">272</a>, <a href="#page_273">273</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>, <a href="#page_282">282</a>, <a href="#page_284">284</a>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tephrothamnus</i>, <a href="#page_264">264</a>.<br /> - -Teramnus, <a href="#page_267">267</a>.<br /> - -<i>TEREBINTHACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_301">301</a>, <a href="#page_325">325</a>.<br /> - -Terminalia, <a href="#page_391">391</a>.<br /> - -<i>TERNSTROEMIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_347">347</a>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -Tessmannia, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -<i>Testudinaria</i>, <a href="#page_140">140</a>.<br /> - -Tetracarpidium, <a href="#page_312">312</a>.<br /> - -Tetracera, <a href="#page_358">358</a>, <a href="#plt_96">pl. 96</a>.<br /> - -Tetrachaete, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Tetrachne, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tetrachne</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tetraclinis</i>, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Tetraclis, <a href="#page_424">424</a>.<br /> - -Tetradenia, <a href="#page_476">476</a>.<br /> - -Tetradiclis, <a href="#page_293">293</a>.<br /> - -Tetragonia, <a href="#page_190">190</a>.<br /> - -Tetragonolobus, <a href="#page_260">260</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tetranthera</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Tetraphyllaster, <a href="#page_395">395</a>.<br /> - -Tetrapleura, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -Tetrapogon, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tetraria</i>, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Tetraria, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -Tetraspidium, <a href="#page_485">485</a>.<br /> - -Tetrastemma, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tetrastigma</i>, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Tetrataxis, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tetratelia</i>, <a href="#page_215">215</a>.<br /> - -Teucrium, <a href="#page_471">471</a>.<br /> - -Thalassia, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -Thalia, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Thalictrum, <a href="#page_198">198</a>.<br /> - -Thaminophyllum, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Thamnea, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Thamnochortus, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thamnochortus</i>, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Thamnosma, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thamnus</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -Thapsia, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thapsia</i>, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -Thaumatococcus, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Thea, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -THEACEAE, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_360">360</a>, <a href="#plt_98">pl. 98</a>.<br /> - -Thecacoris, <a href="#page_320">320</a>, <a href="#page_322">322</a>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thecacoris</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -Thelepogon, <a href="#page_86">86</a>.<br /> - -<i>THELIGONACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -<i>Theligonum</i>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -Themeda, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Theobroma, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -<i>Theodora</i>, <a href="#page_254">254</a>.<br /> - -Thesidium, <a href="#page_172">172</a>.<br /> - -Thesium, <a href="#page_172">172</a>.<br /> - -Thespesia, <a href="#page_353">353</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thespesocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_425">425</a>.<br /> - -Thevetia, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thiegemella</i>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thiegemopanax</i>, <a href="#page_401">401</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thismia</i>, <a href="#page_150">150</a>.<br /> - -Thlaspi, <a href="#page_228">228</a>.<br /> - -Thomandersia, <a href="#page_510">510</a>.<br /> - -Thomassetia, <a href="#page_360">360</a>.<br /> - -Thonnera, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -Thonningia, <a href="#page_176">176</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thoracosperma</i>, <a href="#page_416">416</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thoracostachyum</i>, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Thorncroftia, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thrincia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Thuarea, <a href="#page_80">80</a>.<br /> - -Thunbergia, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thunbergia</i>, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Thunbergianthus, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Thylachium, <a href="#page_213">213</a>.<br /> - -Thymelaea, <a href="#page_383">383</a>.<br /> - -THYMELAEACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_19">19</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_51">51</a>, <a href="#page_380">380</a>, <a href="#plt_109">pl. 109</a>.<br /> - -Thymus, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -<i>Thymus</i>, <a href="#page_480">480</a>.<br /> - -Thyrsodium, <a href="#page_327">327</a>.<br /> - -Thysanolaena, <a href="#page_83">83</a>.<br /> - -Thysanurus, <a href="#page_558">558</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tieghemella</i>, <a href="#page_421">421</a>.<br /> - -TILIACEAE, <a href="#page_13">13</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_38">38</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_348">348</a>, <a href="#plt_91">pl. 91</a>.<br /> - -<i>TILIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Tiliacora, <a href="#page_201">201</a>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tillaea</i>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.<br /> - -Timonius, <a href="#page_518">518</a>.<br /> - -Tina, <a href="#page_340">340</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tinea</i>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>.<br /> - -Tinguarra, <a href="#page_406">406</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tinnaea</i>, <a href="#page_478">478</a>.<br /> - -Tinnea, <a href="#page_471">471</a>.<br /> - -Tinopsis, <a href="#page_339">339</a>.<br /> - -Tinospora, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tinospora</i>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>.<br /> - -Tisonia, <a href="#page_373">373</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tissa</i>, <a href="#page_194">194</a>.<br /> - -Tittmannia, <a href="#page_236">236</a>.<br /> - -Todaroa, <a href="#page_410">410</a>.<br /> - -Toddalia, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -<i>Toddalia</i>, <a href="#page_297">297</a>, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Toddaliopsis, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Tolpis, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Tordylium, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -Torenia, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Torilis, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -Tornabenea, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -<i>Torulinium</i>, <a href="#page_109">109</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tounatea</i>, <a href="#page_249">249</a>.<br /> - -Tournefortia, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tournesolia</i>, <a href="#page_311">311</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Tourneuxia, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Toxanthera, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -Toxicodendron, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_645">{645}</a></span><i>Toxicophloea</i>, <a href="#page_437">437</a>.<br /> - -<i>Toxocarpus</i>, <a href="#page_451">451</a>, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Trachelium, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trachelium</i>, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -Trachydium, <a href="#page_407">407</a>.<br /> - -Trachylobium, <a href="#page_256">256</a>.<br /> - -Trachyphrynium, <a href="#page_149">149</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trachyphrynium</i>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>.<br /> - -Trachypogon, <a href="#page_87">87</a>.<br /> - -Trachyspermum, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trachystigma</i>, <a href="#page_501">501</a>.<br /> - -Traganum, <a href="#page_179">179</a>, <a href="#plt_40">pl. 40</a>.<br /> - -Tragia, <a href="#page_313">313</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tragiopsis</i>, <a href="#page_413">413</a>.<br /> - -Tragopogon, <a href="#page_545">545</a>.<br /> - -Tragus, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Trapa, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Traunia, <a href="#page_453">453</a>.<br /> - -Treculia, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -Treichelia, <a href="#page_543">543</a>.<br /> - -Trema, <a href="#page_164">164</a>, <a href="#plt_30">pl. 30</a>.<br /> - -Trematosperma, <a href="#page_333">333</a>.<br /> - -<i>Triachyrium</i>, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -<i>Triadenia</i>, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Triainolepis, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Trianoptiles, <a href="#page_108">108</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trianosperma</i>, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -Trianthema, <a href="#page_189">189</a>, <a href="#plt_43">pl. 43</a>.<br /> - -Triaspis, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -Tribulus, <a href="#page_294">294</a>.<br /> - -Tricalysia, <a href="#page_527">527</a>, <a href="#page_528">528</a>.<br /> - -Trichilia, <a href="#page_305">305</a>, <a href="#plt_76">pl. 76</a>.<br /> - -Trichocalyx, <a href="#page_512">512</a>.<br /> - -Trichocaulon, <a href="#page_454">454</a>.<br /> - -Trichocladus, <a href="#page_238">238</a>, <a href="#plt_64">pl. 64</a>.<br /> - -Trichodesma, <a href="#page_466">466</a>.<br /> - -Trichodypsis, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trichogyne</i>, <a href="#page_555">555</a>.<br /> - -Tricholaena, <a href="#page_82">82</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trichonema</i>, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trichoneura</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trichoon</i>, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Trichopteryx, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -Trichosandra, <a href="#page_452">452</a>.<br /> - -Trichosanthes, <a href="#page_538">538</a>.<br /> - -Trichoscypha, <a href="#page_328">328</a>.<br /> - -Trichostachys, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Trichostephanus, <a href="#page_372">372</a>.<br /> - -Triclisia, <a href="#page_202">202</a>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Tricomariopsis, <a href="#page_307">307</a>.<br /> - -Tridax, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Tridesmostemon, <a href="#page_423">423</a>.<br /> - -Tridianisia, <a href="#page_334">334</a>.<br /> - -Trifolium, <a href="#page_261">261</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>.<br /> - -Triglochin, <a href="#page_75">75</a>.<br /> - -Trigonella, <a href="#page_283">283</a>.<br /> - -Trigonocapnos, <a href="#page_212">212</a>, <a href="#plt_52">pl. 52</a>.<br /> - -Triguera, <a href="#page_482">482</a>.<br /> - -Trimeria, <a href="#page_371">371</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trimorphopetalum</i>, <a href="#page_343">343</a>.<br /> - -Triodia, <a href="#page_102">102</a>.<br /> - -Triphasia, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -<i>Triphlebia</i>, <a href="#page_103">103</a>.<br /> - -Triplachne, <a href="#page_97">97</a>.<br /> - -Triplocephalum, <a href="#page_559">559</a>.<br /> - -Triplochiton, <a href="#page_355">355</a>.<br /> - -<i>TRIPLOCHITONACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_354">354</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tripodandra</i>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>.<br /> - -Tripogon, <a href="#page_92">92</a>.<br /> - -Tripteris <a href="#page_557">557</a>, <a href="#page_563">563</a>.<br /> - -Triraphis, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Trisetaria, <a href="#page_96">96</a>.<br /> - -Trisetum, <a href="#page_100">100</a>.<br /> - -Tristachya, <a href="#page_98">98</a>.<br /> - -Tristellateia, <a href="#page_308">308</a>.<br /> - -Tristemma, <a href="#page_395">395</a>.<br /> - -Tristicha, <a href="#page_231">231</a>, <a href="#plt_57">pl. 57</a>.<br /> - -Triticum, <a href="#page_90">90</a>.<br /> - -Tritonia, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tritonixia</i>, <a href="#page_142">142</a>.<br /> - -Triumfetta, <a href="#page_349">349</a>.<br /> - -TRIURIDACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -<i>Trixago</i>, <a href="#page_484">484</a>.<br /> - -Trochetia, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -Trochomeria, <a href="#page_539">539</a>.<br /> - -Trochomeriopsis, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -TROPAEOLACEAE, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Tropaeolum, <a href="#page_291">291</a>.<br /> - -Trymatococcus, <a href="#page_165">165</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tryphia</i>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>.<br /> - -Tryphostemma, <a href="#page_376">376</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tsimatimia</i>, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Tuberaria, <a href="#page_365">365</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tubiflora</i>, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Tulbaghia, <a href="#page_130">130</a>.<br /> - -Tulipa, <a href="#page_129">129</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tumboa</i>, <a href="#page_72">72</a>.<br /> - -Tunica, <a href="#page_195">195</a>.<br /> - -<i>Turgenia</i>, <a href="#page_404">404</a>.<br /> - -Turnera, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -<i>Turnera</i>, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -TURNERACEAE, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_373">373</a>, <a href="#plt_105">pl. 105</a>.<br /> - -Turraea, <a href="#page_305">305</a>, <a href="#page_609">609</a>.<br /> - -Turraeanthus, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Turritis, <a href="#page_218">218</a>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>.<br /> - -Tussilago, <a href="#page_567">567</a>.<br /> - -Tylophora, <a href="#page_453">453</a>, <a href="#page_456">456</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tylophora</i>, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Tylophoropsis, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Tylostemon, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tylostemon</i>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>.<br /> - -Typha, <a href="#page_72">72</a>.<br /> - -TYPHACEAE, <a href="#page_3">3</a>, <a href="#page_72">72</a>.<br /> - -<i>TYPHACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>.<br /> - -Typhonodorum, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -Tysonia, <a href="#page_467">467</a>.<br /> - -<i>Tzellemtinia</i>, <a href="#page_611">611</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="U"></a>Uapaca, <a href="#page_321">321</a>.<br /> - -Ubochea, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Uebelinia, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Ulex, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -ULMACEAE, <a href="#page_10">10</a>, <a href="#page_163">163</a>, <a href="#plt_30">pl. 30</a>.<br /> - -<i>ULMACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_164">164</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ulmaria</i>, <a href="#page_241">241</a>.<br /> - -Ulmus, <a href="#page_163">163</a>.<br /> - -UMBELLIFERAE, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a>, <a href="#page_401">401</a>, <a href="#plt_119">pl. 119</a>.<br /> - -<i>Umbilicus</i>, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Umtiza, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -Uncaria, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -<i>Uncaria</i>, <a href="#page_499">499</a>.<br /> - -Uncarina, <a href="#page_498">498</a>.<br /> - -Uncinia, <a href="#page_107">107</a>.<br /> - -Unona, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -<i>Unona</i>, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -<i>Uragoga</i>, <a href="#page_524">524</a>, <a href="#page_525">525</a>.<br /> - -Uraria, <a href="#page_285">285</a>.<br /> - -Urelytrum, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -Urena, <a href="#page_351">351</a>.<br /> - -Urera, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -Urginea, <a href="#page_126">126</a>.<br /> - -Urobotrya, <a href="#page_173">173</a>.<br /> - -Urochlaena, <a href="#page_101">101</a>.<br /> - -Urophyllum, <a href="#page_529">529</a>.<br /> - -Urospermum, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Urotheca, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Ursinia, <a href="#page_580">580</a>.<br /> - -Urtica, <a href="#page_168">168</a>.<br /> - -URTICACEAE, <a href="#page_7">7</a>, <a href="#page_8">8</a>, <a href="#page_15">15</a>, <a href="#page_168">168</a>, <a href="#plt_32">pl. 32</a>.<br /> - -<i>URTICACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_163">163</a>, <a href="#page_164">164</a>, <a href="#page_187">187</a>.<br /> - -<i>Urticastrum</i>, <a href="#page_169">169</a>.<br /> - -Usteria, <a href="#page_428">428</a>.<br /> - -Utricularia, <a href="#page_501">501</a>, <a href="#plt_141">pl. 141</a>.<br /> - -Uvaria, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -<i>Uvaria</i>, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Uvariastrum, <a href="#page_206">206</a>.<br /> - -Uvariopsis, <a href="#page_205">205</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="V"></a>Vaccaria, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -<i>VACCINIACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_415">415</a>.<br /> - -Vaccinium, <a href="#page_415">415</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vachellia</i>, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Vahadenia, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_646">{646}</a></span><i>Vahea</i>, <a href="#page_436">436</a>.<br /> - -Vahlia, <a href="#page_233">233</a>.<br /> - -Vaillantia, <a href="#page_521">521</a>.<br /> - -Valeriana, <a href="#page_534">534</a>, <a href="#plt_146">pl. 146</a>.<br /> - -VALERIANACEAE, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_534">534</a>, <a href="#plt_146">pl. 146</a>.<br /> - -Valerianella, <a href="#page_534">534</a>.<br /> - -<i>Valerianodes</i>, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Vallisneria, <a href="#page_78">78</a>.<br /> - -Vallota, <a href="#page_138">138</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vandellia</i>, <a href="#page_494">494</a>.<br /> - -Vangueria, <a href="#page_519">519</a>.<br /> - -Vanilla, <a href="#page_154">154</a>.<br /> - -Varangevillea, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -Varthemia, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -Vateria, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vatica</i>, <a href="#page_363">363</a>.<br /> - -Vausagesia, <a href="#page_359">359</a>.<br /> - -Velezia, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.<br /> - -Vella, <a href="#page_225">225</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vellozia</i>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -VELLOZIACEAE, <a href="#page_6">6</a>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>, <a href="#plt_20">pl. 20</a>.<br /> - -Veltheimia, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -<i>Velvitsia</i>, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -<i>Venana</i>, <a href="#page_234">234</a>.<br /> - -<i>Venindium</i>, <a href="#page_548">548</a>.<br /> - -Ventenata, <a href="#page_99">99</a>.<br /> - -Ventilago, <a href="#page_345">345</a>, <a href="#plt_88">pl. 88</a>.<br /> - -Veprecella, <a href="#page_397">397</a>.<br /> - -Vepris, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.<br /> - -Verbascum, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Verbena, <a href="#page_469">469</a>.<br /> - -VERBENACEAE, <a href="#page_50">50</a>, <a href="#page_52">52</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_55">55</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_467">467</a>, <a href="#plt_133">pl. 133</a>.<br /> - -Verbesina, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Verdickia, <a href="#page_131">131</a>.<br /> - -Vernonia, <a href="#page_570">570</a>, <a href="#plt_150">pl. 150</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vernonia</i>, <a href="#page_568">568</a>.<br /> - -Veronica, <a href="#page_487">487</a>.<br /> - -Verschaffeltia, <a href="#page_113">113</a>.<br /> - -<i>Viborgia</i>, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -Vibernum, <a href="#page_533">533</a>, <a href="#plt_145">pl. 145</a>.<br /> - -Vicia, <a href="#page_269">269</a>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vicoa</i>, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vieusseuxia</i>, <a href="#page_144">144</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vigineixia</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Vigna, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vigna</i>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>.<br /> - -Vignopsis, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vilfa</i>, <a href="#page_95">95</a>.<br /> - -Villarsia, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -Vinca, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vinca</i>, <a href="#page_440">440</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vincetoxicum</i>, <a href="#page_449">449</a>.<br /> - -Viola, <a href="#page_367">367</a>.<br /> - -VIOLACEAE, <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_366">366</a>, <a href="#plt_103">pl. 103</a>.<br /> - -Viraea, <a href="#page_560">560</a>.<br /> - -<i>Viraea</i>, <a href="#page_546">546</a>.<br /> - -Virecta, <a href="#page_532">532</a>.<br /> - -Virgilia, <a href="#page_258">258</a>.<br /> - -Virola, <a href="#page_207">207</a>.<br /> - -Viscum, <a href="#page_175">175</a>.<br /> - -Vismia, <a href="#page_361">361</a>.<br /> - -Visnea, <a href="#page_360">360</a>, <a href="#plt_98">pl. 98</a>.<br /> - -VITACEAE, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_345">345</a>, <a href="#plt_89">pl. 89</a>.<br /> - -Vitex, <a href="#page_470">470</a>.<br /> - -Vitis, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vitis</i>, <a href="#page_346">346</a>.<br /> - -Voacanga, <a href="#page_439">439</a>.<br /> - -Voandzeia, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vogelia</i>, <a href="#page_218">218</a>, <a href="#page_420">420</a>.<br /> - -<i>Voharanga</i>, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -Vohemaria, <a href="#page_446">446</a>.<br /> - -Volkensia, <a href="#page_570">570</a>.<br /> - -Volkensiella, <a href="#page_612">612</a>.<br /> - -<i>Volkensiophyton</i>, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -<i>Volutarella</i>, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vonitra</i>, <a href="#page_114">114</a>.<br /> - -Vossia, <a href="#page_85">85</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vouacapoua</i>, <a href="#page_289">289</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vouapa</i>, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -<i>Voyria</i>, <a href="#page_429">429</a>.<br /> - -<i>Vulpia</i>, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="W"></a>Wachendorfia, <a href="#page_135">135</a>.<br /> - -Wahlenbergia, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wahlenbergia</i>, <a href="#page_544">544</a>.<br /> - -<i>Walafrida</i>, <a href="#page_489">489</a>.<br /> - -Walleria, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wallinia</i>, <a href="#page_188">188</a>.<br /> - -Walpersia, <a href="#page_263">263</a>.<br /> - -Waltheria, <a href="#page_356">356</a>.<br /> - -Wangenheima, <a href="#page_93">93</a>.<br /> - -Warburgia, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -Warionia, <a href="#page_552">552</a>.<br /> - -Warneckea, <a href="#page_393">393</a>.<br /> - -Warpuria, <a href="#page_508">508</a>.<br /> - -Watsonia, <a href="#page_141">141</a>.<br /> - -<i>Webbia</i>, <a href="#page_572">572</a>.<br /> - -<i>Webera</i>, <a href="#page_526">526</a>.<br /> - -Wedelia, <a href="#page_582">582</a>, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -Weihea, <a href="#page_388">388</a>, <a href="#plt_112">pl. 112</a>.<br /> - -<i>Weingaertneria</i>, <a href="#page_607">607</a>.<br /> - -Weinmannia, <a href="#page_235">235</a>, <a href="#plt_62">pl. 62</a>.<br /> - -Wellstedia, <a href="#page_463">463</a>.<br /> - -Welwitschia, <a href="#page_72">72</a>.<br /> - -Welwitschiella, <a href="#page_583">583</a>.<br /> - -<i>Welwitschiina</i>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>.<br /> - -Werneria, <a href="#page_575">575</a>.<br /> - -Whiteheadia, <a href="#page_127">127</a>.<br /> - -Whitefieldia <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> - -Wiborgia, <a href="#page_265">265</a>.<br /> - -<i>Widdringtonia</i>, <a href="#page_71">71</a>.<br /> - -Wielandia, <a href="#page_319">319</a>.<br /> - -Wiesnera, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -Wikstroemia, <a href="#page_383">383</a>.<br /> - -Willdenowia, <a href="#page_120">120</a>.<br /> - -Willkommia, <a href="#page_91">91</a>.<br /> - -<i>Willugbaeya</i>, <a href="#page_571">571</a>.<br /> - -Winklerella, <a href="#page_231">231</a>.<br /> - -WINTERANCEAE, <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_54">54</a>, <a href="#page_366">366</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wisneria</i>, <a href="#page_76">76</a>.<br /> - -Wissadula, <a href="#page_352">352</a>.<br /> - -Withania, <a href="#page_483">483</a>.<br /> - -Witsenia, <a href="#page_143">143</a>.<br /> - -Wolffia, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wolffiella</i>, <a href="#page_119">119</a>.<br /> - -Woodfordia, <a href="#page_385">385</a>.<br /> - -Woodia, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wormia</i>, <a href="#page_358">358</a>.<br /> - -Wormskioldia, <a href="#page_374">374</a>, <a href="#plt_105">pl. 105</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wormskioldia</i>, <a href="#page_374">374</a>.<br /> - -Wrightia, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -<i>Wrightia</i>, <a href="#page_433">433</a>.<br /> - -Wulfhorstia, <a href="#page_303">303</a>.<br /> - -Wurmbea, <a href="#page_128">128</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="X"></a>Xanthium, <a href="#page_564">564</a>.<br /> - -Xanthocercis, <a href="#page_270">270</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xanthochymus</i>, <a href="#page_362">362</a>.<br /> - -Xanthosoma, <a href="#page_116">116</a>.<br /> - -<i>XANTHOXYLEAE</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xanthoxylum</i>, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xenisma</i>, <a href="#page_557">557</a>.<br /> - -Xeranthemum, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -Xerochlamys, <a href="#page_347">347</a>.<br /> - -Xerocladia, <a href="#page_246">246</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xeropetalum</i>, <a href="#page_357">357</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xerophyta</i>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>.<br /> - -Xeroplana, <a href="#page_467">467</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xerotium</i>, <a href="#page_556">556</a>.<br /> - -<i>Ximenesia</i>, <a href="#page_582">582</a>.<br /> - -Ximenia, <a href="#page_174">174</a>.<br /> - -Xylia, <a href="#page_247">247</a>.<br /> - -Xylocalyx, <a href="#page_486">486</a>.<br /> - -Xylocarpus, <a href="#page_303">303</a>, <a href="#page_305">305</a>.<br /> - -Xylochlaena, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xyloolaena</i>, <a href="#page_348">348</a>.<br /> - -Xylopia, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xylopia</i>, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -<i>Xylopicrum</i>, <a href="#page_204">204</a>.<br /> - -Xylopleurum, <a href="#page_398">398</a>.<br /> - -Xylotheca, <a href="#page_369">369</a>.<br /> - -<span class="pagenum"><a id="page_647">{647}</a></span>Xymalos, <a href="#page_208">208</a>.<br /> - -XYRIDACEAE, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_121">121</a>, <a href="#plt_14">pl. 14</a>.<br /> - -Xyris, <a href="#page_121">121</a>, <a href="#plt_14">pl. 14</a>.<br /> - -Xysmalobium, <a href="#page_450">450</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="Y"></a>Yaundea, <a href="#page_244">244</a>.<br /> - -Yucca, <a href="#page_134">134</a>.<br /> - -<br /> -<a id="Z"></a>Zaa, <a href="#page_497">497</a>.<br /> - -Zaluzianskia, <a href="#page_492">492</a>.<br /> - -Zamioculcas, <a href="#page_115">115</a>.<br /> - -Zanha, <a href="#page_342">342</a>.<br /> - -Zannichellia, <a href="#page_74">74</a>.<br /> - -Zantedeschia, <a href="#page_117">117</a>.<br /> - -<i>ZANTHOXYLEAE</i>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zanthoxylum</i>, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zapania</i>, <a href="#page_468">468</a>.<br /> - -Zea, <a href="#page_83">83</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zehneria</i>, <a href="#page_537">537</a>.<br /> - -Zenkerella, <a href="#page_253">253</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zenkerina</i>, <a href="#page_503">503</a>.<br /> - -Zeuxine, <a href="#page_155">155</a>.<br /> - -Zilla, <a href="#page_227">227</a>.<br /> - -Zimmermannia, <a href="#page_323">323</a>.<br /> - -Zingiber, <a href="#page_147">147</a>.<br /> - -ZINGIBERACEAE, <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_146">146</a>, <a href="#plt_24">pl. 24</a>.<br /> - -Zinnia, <a href="#page_581">581</a>.<br /> - -Ziziphora, <a href="#page_479">479</a>.<br /> - -Zizyphus, <a href="#page_344">344</a>.<br /> - -Zoegea, <a href="#page_550">550</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zollikoferia</i>, <a href="#page_547">547</a>.<br /> - -Zombiana, <a href="#page_515">515</a>.<br /> - -Zornia, <a href="#page_266">266</a>.<br /> - -Zostera, <a href="#page_73">73</a>.<br /> - -<i>ZOSTERACEAE</i>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>.<br /> - -Zoysia, <a href="#page_84">84</a>.<br /> - -Zozimia, <a href="#page_408">408</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zyganthera</i>, <a href="#page_118">118</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zygia</i>, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.<br /> - -Zygodia, <a href="#page_435">435</a>.<br /> - -<i>Zygonerion</i>, <a href="#page_434">434</a>.<br /> - -Zygoon, <a href="#page_527">527</a>.<br /> - -ZYGOPHYLLACEAE, <a href="#page_12">12</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_36">36</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_293">293</a>, <a href="#plt_72">pl. 72</a>.<br /> - -Zygophyllum, <a href="#page_295">295</a>.<br /> - -Zygoruellia, <a href="#page_505">505</a>.<br /> -</p> - -<p class="fint">BRISTOL: BURLEIGH LTD., AT THE BURLEIGH PRESS.</p> - -<table style="padding:2%;border:3px dotted gray;" -id="transcrib"> -<tr><th>Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:</th></tr> -<tr><td> -<p class="c">Petals tranversely folded=> Petals transversely folded {pg 205}</p> - -<p class="c">(<i>Plumeria</i> Willd.) <b>Plumeria</b>=> (<i>Plumeria</i> Willd.) <b>Plumiera</b> {pg 440}</p> - -<p class="c">(<i>Huerniopsis</i> N. E. Brown). <b>Huerniopsis</b>=> (<i>Huerniopsis</i> N. E. Brown). -<b>Heurniopsis</b> {pg 454}</p> - -<p class="c">tranverse crest at the base=> transverse crest at the base {pg 454}</p> - -<p class="c">(<i>Huernia</i> R. Br.) <b>Huernia</b>=> (<i>Huernia</i> R. Br.) <b>Heurnia</b> {pg 455}</p> - -<p class="c">FAMILY 215. GOBULARIACEAE=> FAMILY 215. GLOBULARIACEAE {pg 502}</p> - -<p class="c">Madeira amd Canary Islands.=> Madeira and Canary Islands. {pg 523}</p> - -<p class="c">conspicuous tranverse veins=> conspicuous transverse veins {pg 524}</p> - -<p class="c">latter has posionous=> latter has poisonous {pg 533}</p> - -<p class="c">Outer fruits tranversely=> Outer fruits transversely {pg 547}</p> - -<p class="c">solitary or in facsicles=> solitary or in fascicles {pg 569}</p> - -<p class="c">expecially one with=> especially one with {pg 591}</p> - -<p class="c">Lettuce—Lattuca=> Lettuce—Lactuca {pg 604}</p> - -<p class="c">Rosmary—Rosmarinus=> Rosemary—Rosmarinus {pg 605}</p> - -<p class="c">Diparago, 561, 562.=> Disparago, 561, 562. {pg 623}</p> - -<p class="c">Ochiosia, 437.=> Ochrosia, 437. {pg 635}</p> - -<p class="c">Orhthodium, 226.=> Ochthodium, 226. {pg 635}</p> - -<p class="c">Trypyhostemma, 376.=> Tryphostemma, 376. {pg}</p> - -</td></tr></table> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 369px;"> -<img src="images/back.jpg" width="369" height="550" alt="[Image unavailable.]" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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