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diff --git a/old/69947-0.txt b/old/69947-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1616d81..0000000 --- a/old/69947-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3087 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Flowering plants of South Africa vol. -4, by I. B. (Illtyd Buller) Pole-Evans - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Flowering plants of South Africa vol. 4 - -Author: I. B. (Illtyd Buller) Pole-Evans - -Release Date: February 4, 2023 [eBook #69947] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images - made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH -AFRICA VOL. 4 *** - - - - - - THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF - SOUTH AFRICA. - - A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE - FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA. - - EDITED BY I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Chief, - Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, - Pretoria; and Director of the Botanical Survey of the Union of South - Africa. - - VOL. IV. - - [Illustration] - - The veld which lies so desolate and bare - Will blossom into cities white and fair, - And pinnacles will pierce the desert air, - And sparkle in the sun. - - R. C. MACFIE’S “EX UNITATE VIRES.” - - LONDON: - L. REEVE & CO., LTD., - 6 HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. - - SOUTH AFRICA: - THE SPECIALITY PRESS OF SOUTH AFRICA, LTD., - P.O. BOX 3958, JOHANNESBURG; P.O. BOX 388, CAPETOWN. - 1924. - - [_All rights reserved._] - - - - - TO - - PERCIVAL ROSS FRAMES, ESQUIRE, C.M.G. - - - LOVER, COLLECTOR, AND MOST SUCCESSFUL CULTIVATOR OF HIS COUNTRY’S - SUCCULENT PLANTS, THIS VOLUME OF “THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH - AFRICA” IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED IN RECOGNITION OF HELP MOST - GENEROUSLY GIVEN. - -DIVISION OF BOTANY, PRETORIA. -_October, 1924._ - -[Illustration: _121._] - - - - -PLATE 121. - -STAPELIA FLAVOPURPUREA. - -_Cape Province._ - -ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe STAPELIEAE. -STAPELIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 784. - -=Stapelia flavopurpurea=, _Marloth in Trans. S. Afr. Phil. Soc._ vol. -18, p. 48, t. 5, fig. 1; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. i, p. 969. - - - -Representatives of this characteristic South African genus have been -figured on Plates 26 and 72, and we have pleasure in illustrating for -the first time in colour a species which is unique among the species of -_Stapelia_. It differs from all the known species in having clavate -hairs on the disc. The flowers, though much smaller than many in the -genus, are very beautiful, and lack the unpleasant smell so -characteristic of stapelias. - -It is not a common species, and as far as our records go has only been -collected in the Tanqua Karroo by Dr. Marloth, and recently the Division -of Botany received specimens from Mr. E. Anderson, Matjesfontein. This -flowered at Pretoria in February 1923, and our Plate was prepared from -these specimens. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stems_ 4 cm. high, 4-angled, minutely pubescent. -_Rudimentary leaves_ 2 mm. long, deltoid, acute. _Flowers_ 1-3 together -arising about 2/3 up the stem. _Pedicels_ 1·7 cm. long, terete, minutely -pubescent. _Sepals_ 5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, acute, minutely -pubescent. _Corolla_ 3·6 cm. across when expanded; lobes 1·5 cm. long, -ovate-lanceolate, strongly revolute, so that they appear almost linear, -acute, strongly rugose; tube saucer-shaped, covered with numerous -clavate hairs about 1 mm. long. _Outer corona lobes_ 4·5 mm. long, -3-lobed, concave on the inner face, with the middle lobe narrower and -longer than the side lobes and with the side lobes sometimes bifid or -trifid. _Inner corona lobes_ 5 mm. long, incumbent over the anthers, -2-horned, with the upper horn erect and curving outwards above, and -with the lower horn erect-spreading shorter than the upper horn -(National Herb. 2712). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 121.--Fig. 1, surface view of flower; Fig. 2, median longitudinal -section of flower; Fig. 3, sepal; Fig. 4, petal; Fig. 5, outer corona; -Fig. 6, inner corona and pollen sac; Fig. 7, pollinia. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _122._] - - - - -PLATE 122. - -ANSELLIA GIGANTEA. - -_Transvaal, Natal, Portuguese East Africa._ - -ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe VANDEAE. -ANSELLIA, _Lindl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 537. - -=Ansellia gigantea=, _Reichb. f. in Linnaea_, vol. xx. p. 673; _Fl. -Cap._ vol. v. sect. 3, p. 62. - - - -This epiphytic orchid belongs to a tropical African genus of about 6 -species, and is the only representative which occurs in South Africa. -The flowers are a pale lemon colour, sometimes barred or blotched with -brown. Specimens were sent to England from Natal prior to 1857, and -might be considered, as was suggested by Hooker and the late Dr. Bolus, -a colour variety of the tropical African _Ansellia africana_. Mr. Rolfe -in the _Flora Capensis_ considers it to be a distinct species, as -described by Reichenbach, and we have followed his naming. The figure -given by Bolus (_Ic. Orch. Austro-Afric._ 11. t. 29) represents a colour -form different from that reproduced here. - -The plant is found in the mountainous parts of the eastern Transvaal, on -the coast of Natal, and near Delagoa Bay. Our figure was prepared from a -specimen which flowered at the Division of Botany in June 1922, and -which was collected by Mrs. Sinclair Allen on the Lebombo Mountains in -Swaziland. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stems_ elongate, terete or somewhat sulcate, 1/3-1 ft. -long, with 6 to many leaves on the upper part or near the apex and -numerous imbricate membranous sheaths below. _Leaves_ distichous, -linear-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, subacute, ¼-1 ft. long, ½-1½ in. -broad, with 3-5 prominent veins. _Panicle_ terminal, ½-1 ft. long, -usually with several branches, rarely reduced to a simple raceme, with a -few short sheaths below. _Bracts_ triangular-ovate, subacute, 1/6 in. -long. _Pedicels_ slender, 1-1¼ in. long. _Flowers_ medium-sized, light -yellow, more or less barred or blotched with light dusky brown; sepals -and petals spreading, oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, about ¾ in. -long; lip 3-lobed, rather shorter than the sepals; side lobes erect, -oblong, obtuse; front lobe recurved, elliptic-oblong, obtuse or -emarginate; disc with 3 prominent crenulate keels; column clavate, 1/3 -in. long (National Herb. Pretoria 2601). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 122.--Figs. 1, 2, front and side view of flower; Fig. 3, lip; Fig. -4, column; Fig. 5, pollinia. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _123._] - - - - -PLATE 123. - -PACHYPODIUM SAUNDERSII. - -_Transvaal, Swaziland._ - - -APOCYNACEAE. Tribe ECHITIDEAE. -PACHYPODIUM, _Lindl._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 722. - -Pachypodium Saundersii, _N. E. Br. in Kew Bulletin 1892_, 126; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. iv. sect. i. p. 516. - - -It is with pleasure that we figure for the first time this species of -_Pachypodium_, which flowered at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, in -1923, from tubers forwarded by Mr. J. Kirton, Pietersburg, Transvaal. -The genus _Pachypodium_ differs from _Adenium_ (see Plate 16) in having -a pair of spines at the base of the leaves, but the present species -agrees with _Adenium multiflorum_ in its general habit. Both have large -succulent stems, partly below the ground, from which the branches arise. -In _Pachypodium Saundersii_ the pollination mechanism is somewhat -complicated, but in what way the various structures function in this is -not quite clear. The flowers are protandrous and the anthers all -converge to a point. The base of the anther is provided with a pouch and -the filament with a ciliated hood, and these two structures form a cage -for the pollen. The stigma lies within this cage, and the style may -possibly elongate eventually, and thus push the pollen above the -anthers, as in the _Compositae_. The plant flowered freely in Pretoria, -but failed to fruit, and from this it may be assumed that -self-pollination does not take place. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Inflorescence_ arising in an umbellate manner at apex of -stems, up to 11-flowered. _Sepals_ 4 mm. long, 3·5 mm. broad, ovate, -acuminate, acute, glabrous. _Corolla-tube_ 3·5 cm. long, cylindric and -1·2 cm. long below, with a subglobose base, then suddenly dilated and -narrowed towards the apex, glabrous without, pilose within; lobes 2·2 -cm. long, 1·8 cm. broad in the widest part, straight on one side, very -convex and crisped on opposite side, subacuminate, acute. _Filament_ 3 -mm. long, 2 mm. broad, ovate, with a ciliated hood at the base; anthers -6·7 mm. long, linear with a lanceolate, acute appendage 1·5 mm. long, -and a membranous pouch at the base. _Style_ 1·3 cm. long, terete, -glabrous; stigma club-shaped covered with a white opaque jelly-like -substance; ovary 3·5 mm. long, with a cupular disk at the base (National -Herb. 2736). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 123.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of the flower; Fig. 2, -stamen; Fig. 3, portion of style with the stigma; Fig. 4, the 2 carpels -with a cupular disk at the base. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _124._] - - - - -PLATE 124. - -ALOE VERECUNDA. - -_Transvaal._ - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. -ALOE, _Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - -=Aloe verecunda=, _Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr._ vol. v. p. 703. - - -This _Aloe_ is another of the many species from the Transvaal described -within recent years by Dr. Pole Evans, and it is here figured for the -first time. Our Plate was prepared from plants collected by Mr. D. J. -Fouche in the Middleburg District, Transvaal, and which subsequently -flowered at the Division of Botany, Pretoria. The specimens on which Dr. -Pole Evans based his description were found by Mr. P. J. Pienaar on the -Wolkberg, near Haenertsberg, in the Northern Transvaal. In the natural -state it usually flowers towards the latter part of December, and the -dark red racemes are then very conspicuous. As soon as winter sets in, -the leaves wither and fall. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ short. _Leaves_ 8-10, distichous, deciduous, 25-35 -cm. long, 8-10 mm. broad at the base, narrowly linear, distinctly -channelled, rounded at the back, with numerous minute raised white spots -at the base, armed along the edges with delicate white teeth 2-7 mm. -apart. _Peduncle_ stout, 25 cm. long, clothed with broad ovate shortly -cuspidate green empty bracts. _Raceme_ more or less capitate. _Bracts_ -20 mm. long, 15 mm. broad, ovate, acute. _Pedicels_ 25 mm. long. -_Perianth_ peach-red to scarlet, greenish towards the apex, 26-30 mm. -long, 12 mm. in diameter, straight, very markedly 3-angled, contracted -towards the mouth; segments free. _Style_ and _stamens_ not or scarcely -exserted (National Herb. 2743). - -PLATE 124.--Fig. 1, portion of leaf showing white spots; Fig. 2, median -longitudinal section of the flower; Fig. 3, outer perianth-segment; Fig. -4, inner perianth-segment; Fig. 5, anther with part of the filament; -Fig. 6, top of style showing the simple stigma. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _125._] - - - - -PLATE 125. - -GLADIOLUS LUDWIGII var. CALVATUS. - -_Transvaal._ - -IRIDACEAE. Tribe GLADIOLEAE. -GLADIOLUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 709. - -=Gladiolus Ludwigii=, _Pappe._ var. calvatus, _Baker Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. -p. 150. - -This _Gladiolus_ belongs to the same section of the genus as _G. -Rehmanni_, figured on Plate 20. The variety _calvatus_ has up to the -present only been recorded from the Pretoria and Barberton Districts of -the Transvaal, but the species is a native of Natal, East Griqualand and -the Transkei. The specimens from which our illustration was made were -collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at Brits, and were found -growing in deep black turf soil. The variety is also figured in the -_Botanical Magazine_, t. 6291, and a comparison of that plate with the -one reproduced here will show a difference in the colouring of the -flowers, but Dr. Pole Evans states that the pale yellow and speckled -forms grow together and are undoubtedly the same. The yellow-flowered -form was introduced into cultivation in England in 1877, and both this -and our plant differ from the species in being glabrous. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Plant_ about 1 m. high. _Old corm_ 4 cm. in diameter, 1·5 -cm. thick, disc-like; new corm more or less globose on the old corm. -_Produced leaves_ about 5, the longest up to almost 1 m. long, the free -portion of uppermost leaf about 30 cm. long; all 0·8-1·8 cm. broad, -strap-shaped, narrowing to the apex, acute or obtuse, equitant at the -base, 12-15-nerved with the main nerves subprominent and with -cartilaginous margins, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ densely many-flowered, -almost 30 cm. long. _Outer spathe valve_ 3·7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, -ovate, acuminate, acute, 3-keeled below, with membranous margins, -glabrous; inner spathe-valve very similar to the outer, but strongly -2-keeled. _Perianth-tube_ 1·5 cm. long, slightly curved; the upper -perianth-lobe 4·2 cm. long, 1·8 cm. broad, elliptic, shortly apiculate; -two upper lateral lobes 3·5 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, ovate-elliptic, -shortly apiculate at the apex; lowermost lobe 3·2 cm. long, 1·3 cm. -broad, elliptic-ovate, minutely apiculate; two lower lateral lobes 2·5 -cm. long, 6 mm. broad, linear-oblong, apiculate. _Filaments_ 1·2 cm. -long, terete, glabrous; anthers 1·25 cm. long, linear, somewhat -sagittate at the base. _Style_ 2·5 cm. long, terete, glabrous; stigmas 8 -mm. long, linear, broadening to the apex (National Herb. 2731). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 125.--Fig. 1, leaf; Fig. 2, portion of leaf showing ribs; Fig. 3, -median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 4, inner spathe-valve; Fig. -5, outer spathe-valve; Fig. 6, cross-section of ovary; Fig. 7, style and -stigmas; Fig. 8, stamen. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _126._] - - - - -PLATE 126. - -VELTHEIMIA ROODEAE. - -_Cape Province._ - -LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. -VELTHEIMIA, _Gled._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 811. - -=Veltheimia Roodeae=, _Phillips_, _sp. nov._, a _V. glauca_, Jacq. -foliis ovatis acuminatis et marginibus undulatis differt. - - -_Bulbus_ 13 cm. longus, 6 cm. latus. _Folia_ 12-15 cm. longa, basi 4-5 -cm. lata, ovata, acuminata, apice acuta, marginibus undulatis, glabra. -_Pedunculus_ 12-15 cm. longus, 6 mm. latus. _Inflorescentia_ 3·5 cm. -longa. _Bracteae_ 1 cm. longae. _Pedicellus_ 1·5 mm. longus. _Tubus -perianthii_ 2·2 cm. longus, cylindricus, basi paullo globosus; lobi 1·5 -mm. longi, 1·5 mm. lati, ovati, apice obtusi. _Filamenta_ 1 cm. longa; -antherae 2·25 mm. longae, oblongae. _Ovarium_ 1 cm. longum, 2·5 mm. -latum, sulcatum; stylus 1 cm. longus; stigma simplex. - -As we find it impossible to place this plant into any of the known -species of the genus, we have decided to publish a description of it -under the name of _V. Roodeae_, in honour of Mrs. R. Rood of Van -Rhynsdorp, to whom our readers are greatly indebted for so many of the -rare plants we have previously figured. It differs in the shape of the -leaves from any of the species described in the _Flora Capensis_. They -are distinctly undulate. - -_Veltheimia_ is a small genus of 3 species, none of which appears to -have been extensively gathered by recent botanical collectors. The first -known species, _V. viridifolia_, was described by Linneaus (as _Aletris -capensis_) in 1751, and was introduced into European cultivation in -1768, so that a species of the genus was known to botanical science over -150 years ago. - -_V. viridifolia_, Jacq., does quite well under cultivation, but we have -not yet had an opportunity of growing the species here described. - -DESCRIPTION:--Bulb 13 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter, ellipsoid, covered -with membranous tunics, at the base with a disc-shaped rootstock 6 cm. -in diameter, 2·5 cm. thick, from which the roots arise. _Leaves_ 11 to a -bulb, 12-15 cm. long, 4·5 cm. broad near the base, ovate, acuminate, -acute, clasping at the base, with undulate margins and a broad thick -midrib beneath slightly raised, green and glaucous above, densely -reddish-spotted beneath, glabrous. _Peduncle_ as long as the leaves, 6 -mm. in diameter, terete, reddish by being covered with close-set reddish -spots. _Inflorescence_ 3·5 cm. long. _Bracts_ 1 cm. long, almost -filiform. _Pedicels_ 1·5 mm. long. _Flowers_ somewhat reflexed; -perianth-tube 2·2 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter, cylindric, faintly -globose and bent about the middle, white with reddish spots; lobes 1·5 -mm. long, 1·5 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse. _Stamens_ fixed to the middle of -the perianth-tube; filaments 1 cm. long; anthers 2·25 mm. long, oblong. -_Ovary_ 1 cm. long, 2·5 mm. in diameter, in the middle spindle-shaped, -furrowed; style 1 cm. long, terete; stigma simple (National Herb. 2739). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 126.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. 2, -stamen; Fig. 3, pistil; Fig. 4, cross-section through the ovary. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _127._] - - - - -PLATE 127. - -STRUMARIA TRUNCATA. - -_Cape Province._ - - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -STRUMARIA, _Jacq._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 728. - - -=Strumaria truncata=, _Jacq. Ic._ ii. t. 357; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 216. - - -_Strumaria_ is a small endemic South African genus, and five species -have been described in the _Flora Capensis_, all of which have been -figured by Jacquin in his _Icones Plantarum Rariorum_. Two of the -species are recorded from Little Namaqualand, but no locality is known -for the other three, nor do any specimens appear to exist in herbaria, -Jacquin’s figures and descriptions being all we know about them. It is -with particular pleasure, therefore, that we reproduce this illustration -of a species of this little-known genus, and our readers are again -indebted to Mrs. E. Rood of Van Rhynsdorp for sending us fresh material. -Our plant differs slightly from Jacquin’s figure, inasmuch as the -dilated portion of the style does not narrow towards the base and is -irregularly lobed above, but on this account we do not feel justified in -keeping it distinct from _Strumaria truncata_. - -_Strumaria truncata_ is a charming little plant with an umbel of white, -sweet-smelling flowers, faintly tinged with pink (the _Flora Capensis_ -states flowers “inodorous”). The bulbs received from Mrs. Rood are being -grown at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, and we feel sure once the -species becomes known it will be sought after by cultivators of our -South African bulbs. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 3 cm. in diameter, globose or ovoid, covered with -pale brown papery tunics, and produced into a distinct neck up to 3·5 -cm. long. _Leaves_ 4-6, arising from a sheath, 2·2-4·5 cm. long, 1·2 cm. -broad, oblanceolate or oblong (strap-shaped), rounded at the apex, -glabrous. _Leaf-sheath_ 1·5-2 cm. in diameter, funnel-shaped, truncate, -fleshy, reddish. _Peduncle_ lateral, 15-23 cm. long, terete, glabrous. -_Spathe-valves_ reddish, 2-3·2 cm. long, longer or shorter than the -pedicels. _Pedicels_ slender, 1·2-2 cm. long, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ -13-25-flowered; flowers white, faintly but sweet-scented. _Segments_ 1 -cm. long, 3·6 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse. _Filaments_ connate into a -tube for 5 mm., then free for 7 mm., erect, glabrous; anthers 2·5 mm. -long, oblong, versatile. _Ovary_ 1·5 mm. long, globose, glabrous, with -about 5 ovules in each cell; style dilated, sharply 3-angled below and -united with filaments; free part of style 5·5 mm. long, terete; stigma -minutely 3-fid (National Herb., Pretoria, 2729). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 127.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of the flower; Fig. 2, a -perianth segment; Fig. 3, style, showing the dilated 3-angled lower -portion of the 3 stigmas; Fig. 4, a stamen. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _128._] - - - - -PLATE 128. - -MIMETES ARGENTEA. - -_Cape Province._ - - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEEAE. - -MIMETES, _Salisb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 171. - - -Mimetes argentea, _Knight, Prot. 67_; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. i. p. 647. - - -We have previously figured species of _Mimetes_, viz. _M. palustris_ -(Pl. 36), _M. hottentotica_ (Pl. 82) and _M. capitulata_ (Pl. 58), and a -comparison of the present Plate with the above will show that _M. -argentea_ differs from the former two species in the cylindric, not -swollen, stigma, and from the latter in the larger leaves and the -greater number of flowers in each head. - -_M. argentea_, up to the time of the publication of the _Flora -Capensis_, was only known from specimens collected by Roxburgh, Masson -and Niven over one hundred years ago, and it was only recently that the -species was rediscovered. In May 1923, Mr. A. T. Prentice collected -specimens near Villiersdorp, very probably in the same locality visited -by Masson. Mr. Prentice writes: “They were found on the slopes of the -south (_i.e._ Villiersdorp) side of French Hoek Peak about 3000 ft. -There were about 50 trees, 3-6 ft. high, and the habit is different from -most of the _Proteaceae_ I have noticed. I do not know how to describe -it, but it is very open and something like a candelabra, branching all -round. The flower spikes all stick straight up, in fact it grows like -the advertised type of pruned apple-tree.” Mr. R. Hallack came across -the species on the Hottentot Holland Mountains, and in June last Mr. T. -P. Stokoe also collected it on the same mountain range. He had noted the -plant two years previously, but was unable to obtain it in flower. It is -from specimens forwarded by Mr. Stokoe that the present Plate was -prepared. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Shrub_ 4 ft. high; branches velvety-tomentose. _Leaves_ -1½-2½ in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, with a -subobtuse callus at the apex, entire, slightly narrowed to the base, -indistinctly 9-nerved, very densely tomentose with adpressed silky -hairs. _Heads_ subsessile, 1½ in. long, including the styles, -7-9-flowered, axillary; involucral bracts about 3-seriate, coriaceous, -the outer ovate-oblong, silky tomentose, the inner linear, long-villous; -receptacle densely setose with long weak hairs. _Perianth-tube_ very -short, rusty-villous; segments 1 in. long, linear, rusty-villous; limb -4½ in. long, villous. _Stamens_ 3 in. long; filaments swollen, fused -with the perianth anthers 2¾ in. long, linear; apical gland 1/8 in. -long, ovoid, acute. _Hypogynous scales_ 1¼ in. long, linear, subacute, -white. _Ovary_ ¾ in. long, oblong, pubescent; style 1½ in. long, -filiform, glabrous; stigma 3 in. long, linear, obtuse, furrowed, kneed -at the junction with the style (National Herb. 2728). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 128.--Fig. 1, a single head; Fig. 2, an involucral bract; Fig. 3, -a single flower; Fig. 4, complete perianth segment and a limb showing -position of the stamen; Fig. 5, stigma; Fig. 6, ovary. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _129._] - - - - -PLATE 129. - -POLYXENA ENSIFOLIA. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. - -POLYXENA, _Kunth_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 807. - - * * * * * - -=Polyxena ensifolia=, _Schönland in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr._ vol. i. p. 444, -Fig. 2. - - * * * * * - -On Plate 56 we figured a species of _Polyxena (P. haemanthoides)_, and -gave a few remarks on the genus. The present species, collected by Mr. -A. J. Austin at Matjesfontein, C. P., was at first thought to be _P. -pygmaea_, Kunth, but it differs in many respects from the published -figures, and as it agrees quite well with Schönland’s description of _P. -ensifolia_, we have decided to place it under this species for the -present. Dr. Schönland, who saw the living plant at Pretoria, suggested -that it was a species differing both from _P. ensifolia_ and _P. -pygmaea_; but until we know more about the genus both as regards the -variability of the species and its distribution, it seems desirable to -regard it as a form of P. ensifolia. - -_P. ensifolia_ is a pretty little plant. The leaves are semi-erect and -the inflorescence of pale lilac flowers arises between them. It does -quite well under cultivation, and has flowered for two seasons at the -Division of Botany, Pretoria. We are indebted to Mr. Austin for the -original bulbs. - -_Description_:--_Bulb_ 2·5 cm. long, 2·5 cm. in diameter, ovoid, covered -with papery tunics. _Leaves_ two, erect or spreading above, produced -into a long clasping base 5-6 cm. long; the broadened lamina 5 cm. long, -3 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse, with reddish somewhat scarious margins, not -distinctly veined, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ corymbose, about -35-flowered. _Peduncle_ 6 cm. long, subterete. _Bracts_ 4·5 mm. long, -ovate, acuminate, colourless. _Pedicels_, ·35-1·6 cm. long, glabrous. -_Perianth-tube_ 1·5 cm. long, cylindric, gradually widening above; lobes -5·5 to 6 mm. long, 1·75 mm. broad, oblong, somewhat emarginate and -hooded at the apex. _Stamens_ in two rows; filaments 3 mm. long, terete, -glabrous; anthers 1 mm. long, oblong. _Ovary_ 3 mm. long, 1·5 mm. in -diameter, ellipsoid; style 1·4 cm. long, terete; stigma minutely 3-lobed -(National Herb. 2741). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 129.--Fig. 1, inflorescence; Fig. 2, a single flower; Fig. 3, -flower laid open, showing position of stamens and pistil; Fig. 4, -stamen; Fig. 5, pistil. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _130._] - - - - -PLATE 130. - -HABENARIA FOLIOSA. - -_Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal, Natal._ - - * * * * * - -ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe OPHRYDEAE. - -HABENARIA, _Willd._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 624. - - * * * * * - -=Habenaria foliosa=, _Reichb. f. in Flora_, 1865, 180; _Fl. Cap_. vol. -v. sect. iii. p. 121; _Bolus Ic. Orch. Austro-Afr_. ii. t. 46. - - * * * * * - -The species of _Habenaria_ figured here has a wide range of distribution -in South Africa. Starting from Swellendam in the south, it follows more -or less the littoral strip as far as Port Alfred, and then spreads -inland through the Transkei and East Griqualand into Natal, and through -Basutoland and the eastern part of the Free State and up into the -Transvaal Drakensbergen. The species is also met with in the Pretoria -District, which is outside its normal range of distribution. In -Basutoland the natives call it “_Mametsana_,” meaning “the mother of the -small water.” The spur contains a watery substance which becomes -jelly-like on exposure to air. - -Around Pretoria the plant flowers in late summer, about February, after -the rains, and is then frequently met with in the veld. The plate was -prepared from specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at -Irene in February 1923. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Plant_ 30-40 cm. high. _Tuber_ 5 cm. long, 2·5 cm. in -diameter, ellipsoid, with thick cylindric roots arising from the -junction of the stem and tuber. _Stem_ covered with many amplexicaul -leaves which pass gradually into the bracts. _Leaves_ 4·5-8 cm. long, up -to 3 cm. wide, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping at the base, -obtuse or subapiculate at the apex, keeled with the midrib and 2 lateral -veins prominent or distinct, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ many-flowered, up -to 13 cm. long. _Bracts_ similar to the leaves but smaller. _Dorsal -sepal_ 1 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, ovate, deeply concave, faintly -3-nerved; lateral sepals 1·3 cm. long, 4·5 mm. broad, oblong, unequal -sided, slightly cucullate at the apex, faintly 3-nerved. _Petals_ -1·4-1·5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, unequal sided, revolute on one margin -near the apex, faintly 5-nerved. _Lip_ 2 cm. long, with revolute margins -and with two lateral filiform appendages at the base. _Spur_ 3·5 cm. -long, cylindric, clavate at the apex. _Rostellum_ triangular in outline, -the two side lobes notched. _Pollinia_ sacs behind the rostellum. -_Stigmas_ separate, oblong, with small papillae at the junction of the -stigma and pollinium sac. _Ovary_ deeply grooved and angled (National -Herb. 2730). - - * * * * * - -PLATE 130.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, front -of flower, showing lip and column; Fig. 3, sepals; Fig. 4, a petal; Fig. -5, ovary; Fig. 6, pollinium. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _131._] - - - - -PLATE 131. - -SUTERA GRANDIFLORA. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribe MANULEAE. - -SUTERA, _Roth._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. ii. p. 945. - - * * * * * - -=Sutera grandiflora=, _Hiern._; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. sect. ii. p. 304. - - * * * * * - -Mr. E. E. Galpin, who collected this species round Barberton in 1889, -described it in the _Kew Bulletin_ (1895, p. 151) under the name of -_Lyperia grandiflora_. The species is a native of the Barberton District -of the Transvaal, but has not been extensively collected. Mr. Galpin -describes it as “abundant amongst scrub on the hillsides and in the -valleys around Barberton, flowering throughout the year, but chiefly in -June and July.” In cultivation it grows to a rather dense bush 2 to 4 -feet high, and flowers profusely. Very fine specimens are in cultivation -at the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, and we are indebted to -the Director of the gardens for the fresh material from which the -accompanying Plate was prepared. The species should prove a great -acquisition to horticulturists. - -DESCRIPTION:--An undershrub, viscid-pubescent erect, 0·4 to 1·2 m. high; -branches alternate or opposite, ascending, leafy, rigid, rather robust, -the lower elongated. _Leaves_ mostly alternate, subfasciculate, -oval-oblong, obtuse or subacute, more or less wedge-shaped at the base, -crenate-serrate, hispid, scabrid, shortly petiolate, 0·6 to 3 cm. long, -3 to 8 mm. broad; lateral veins alternate, narrowly impressed on the -upper face, hispid and raised on the lower. _Flowers_ racemose, -numerous, 2 to 3 cm. long; racemes terminal, simple, subcorymbose and -rather dense at first, afterwards elongating and rather lax, deep -purple, 4 to 30 cm. long; pedicels divaricate or ascending, -glandular-pilose, moderately rigid, 1-flowered, alternate, 6 to 8 mm. -long, the upper crowded; bracts basal, sublinear, solitary or -subfasciculate. _Calyx_ glandular-hispid, deeply 5-lobed, 6 to 8 mm. -long; segments linear-oblong or spathulate or sublinear, obtuse. -_Corolla-tube_ shortly glandular-pubescent, 0·8 to 3 cm. long, -subcylindrical, rather slender, slightly dilated and curved near the -top; limb spreading, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter; lobes obovate-rotund, -entire or retuse, 1 to 1·3 cm. long. _Stamens_ included; style filiform, -glabrous, about 1·5 cm. long; ovary sprinkled especially near the apex -with small glands, otherwise glabrous. _Capsules_ ovoid-oblong, minutely -glandular, 1 cm. long; seeds very numerous, irregularly oblong, 0-5 mm. -long. (_Flora Capensis_; National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2742.) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 131.--Fig. 1, portion of branch, showing leaves; Fig. 2, median -longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 3, bud showing folding of petals; -Fig. 4, corolla laid open; Fig. 5, calyx; Fig. 6, front view of petals; -Fig. 7, ovary; Fig. 8, upper portion of style; Fig. 9, anther. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _132._] - - - - -PLATE 132. - -NERINE FRITHII. - -_Cape Province, Orange Free State._ - - * * * * * - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -NERINE, _Herb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. iii. p. 728. - - * * * * * - -=Nerine Frithii=, _L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb._ vol. iii. p. 79. - - * * * * * - -It is the first occasion that we figure a species of one of the most -beautiful of South African genera, namely _Nerine_. _N. sarniensis_, -known as the “Guernsey Lily,” and to mountaineers in the Cape as the -“Nerina,” ranks with _Disa uniflora_ as one of the floral beauties of -Table Mountain. The species illustrated, while it does not equal its -Cape congener in the size of its flowers, is a charming little plant -when seen growing. It differs from the closely allied genus _Hessea_ -(see Plate 43) in having dorsifixed instead of basifixed anthers, and -belongs to a small group of species in the genus _Nerine_ which have the -anthers appendiculate at the base. The species has been successfully -grown in the National Botanic Gardens at Kirstenbosch, near Cape Town, -and was described by Mrs. L. Bolus from specimens which flowered at -Kirstenbosch. Our plate was prepared from specimens which flowered at -the Division of Botany, Pretoria. The plant figured differs from the -description in not having two of the lobes of the staminal cup longer -than the others, but Mrs. Bolus, who kindly examined our specimens, -agrees that it is _N. Frithii_. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ 2 cm. long, 1·7 cm. in diameter, ovoid-globose. -_Leaves_ present with the flowers, very often only two, up to 15 cm. -long, 1 to 1·5 mm. broad, subfiliform, channelled above. _Inflorescence_ -an umbel of 5 to 7 flowers. _Peduncle_ up to 20 cm. long, terete. -_Spathe-valves_ 2·5 to 3 cm. long, oblong, long-attenuate. _Pedicels_ up -to 3 cm. long. _Floral-bracts_ 1 to 1·5 cm. long, thread-like, -membranous. _Perianth-segments_ spreading, at length recurved, 1.5 cm. -long, 4 mm. broad, linear, acute, with undulate margins. _Stamens_ -declinate; filaments 0.35 to 6 mm. long, appendiculate at the base -forming a cup 3 cm. long, somewhat lacerated above, with two lobes -usually much exceeding the others; anthers 4 mm. long. _Ovary_ obovate, -with 2 ovules in each loculus. _Capsule_ globose, 8 mm. in diameter. -(National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2746.) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 132.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, cross -section of leaf; Fig. 3, a single perianth-segment; Fig. 4, a stamen, -showing position of appendage at the base; Fig. 5, anther; Fig. 6, -fruit, showing cup formed of staminal appendages; Fig. 7, tip of style; -Fig. 8, fruit. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _133._] - - - - -PLATE 133. - -PROTEA ROUPPELLIAE. - -_Orange Free State, Transvaal, Swaziland, Cape Province, -Natal._ - - * * * * * - -PROTEACEAE. Tribe PROTEAE. - -PROTEA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 169. - - * * * * * - -=Protea Rouppelliae=, _Meisn. in DC. Prodr._ vol. xiv. p. 237; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. v. sect. i. p. 573. - - * * * * * - -This common and characteristic _Protea_ of the Drakensbergen we figure -here for the first time. It appears to have been originally collected by -Burke and Zeyher on the Magaliesberg, and was described by Meisner and -named after Mrs. Rouppell, who published an illustrated book of Cape -flowers. - -_P. Rouppelliae_ forms extensive thickets on the slopes of the -Drakensbergen, and in this respect resembles _P. mellifera_, _P. -lepidocarpodendron_ and _P. neriifolia_ of the Cape Province. The -species belongs to the same section of the genus as _P. compacta_, -figured on Plate 84. - -The specimens from which the accompanying Plate was painted were -collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., at the Devil’s Kantoor in the -Barberton District of the Transvaal. - -DESCRIPTION:--A small tree 8 to 15 ft. high; branches villous or -tomentose above, at length glabrescent. _Leaves_ 10 to 15 cm. long, 2 to -4 cm. broad at the widest part, 4 mm. broad at the base, -oblong-lanceolate or obovate-spathulate, acute, the younger densely -villous or tomentose, at length glabrous, narrowed at the base, -reticulately veined. _Head_ shortly peduncled, 7 to 9 mm. long, 5 to 10 -cm. in diameter. _Involucral bracts_ 10-seriate, silky-tomentose, deep -pink to pinky-white; outer ovate, obtuse, recurved to revolute, ciliate; -inner with an obovate to obovate-oblong limb, gradually passing into the -claw, shortly ciliate above, exceeding the flowers; perianth-sheath 4·5 -cm. long, dilated and 3-keeled and 7-nerved below, loosely villous -above the dilated portion; lip 3 cm. long, 3-awned, spreadingly villous; -lateral awns 1·2 cm. long, linear, acuminate, purple, tomentose to -villous; median awn 8 mm. long; fertile stamens 3; filaments 1 mm. long, -flattened; anthers linear, 3 mm. long; apical glands 0·5 mm. long, -oblong, acute; barren stamen acute, eglandular; ovary 4 mm. long, -obovate in outline, densely covered with numerous long golden hairs; -style 5 cm. long, curved, somewhat flattened, keeled below on the convex -side, usually more or less shortly villous; stigma 4 mm. long, curved -and kneed at the junction with the style. (_Flora Capensis_; National -Herb. Pretoria, No. 2836.) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 133.--Fig. 1, receptacle; Fig. 2, inner bract; Fig. 3, single -flower; Fig. 4, pistil. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _134._] - - - - -PLATE 134. - -NERINE LUCIDA. - -_Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -NERINE, _Herb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 728. - - * * * * * - -=Nerine lucida=, _Herb. Amaryllid_. 283, t. 36, fig. 3; _Fl. Cap._ vol. -vi. p. 214. - - * * * * * - -This species is, so far as we know, confined to the dry western portions -of the Cape Province, S.W. Protectorate, Transvaal, and Orange Free -State. Burchell found the plant both in Griqualand West and in -Bechuanaland, and Burke on his journey up to the Transvaal found it near -the Sand River in the Orange Free State. In habit the species very much -resembles a dwarf _Brunsvigia_, but is distinguished from this genus by -the obtusely angled ovary. The short stout peduncle is also found in two -other species of _Nerine_. - -A coloured plant of _N. lucida_ was published in 1820 (_Botanical -Register_, Plate 497), drawn from a plant which flowered in the garden -of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobourg. - -The specimens from which the accompanying Plate was prepared were -collected at Vryburg by Mr. A. O. D. Mogg, and flowered at the Division -of Botany, Pretoria, in 1924. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ globose, 4 cm. in diameter, produced into a neck -about 4 cm. long. _Leaves_ 6, contemporary with the flowers, about 18 -cm. long, about 12 mm. broad, strap-shaped, obtuse, bright green. -_Peduncle_ lateral, about 12 cm. long, compressed. _Inflorescence_ an -umbel of 20 flowers. _Pedicels_ up to 7 cm. long, shortly hairy. -_Spathe-valves_ ovate-lanceolate, membranous, shorter than the pedicels. -_Perianth-segments_ 15 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, lanceolate-linear, obtuse. -_Stamens_ declinate, almost as long as the perianth segments. _Ovary_ -obtusely trigonous; style declinate, as long as the stamens. (National -Herb., Pretoria, No. 2835.) - -PLATE 134.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. 2, -upper portion of perianth lobe, showing apex; Fig. 3, cross-section -through the peduncle. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _135._] - - - - -PLATE 135. - -EULOPHIA LEONTOGLOSSA. - -_Orange Free State, Transvaal, Cape Province, Natal._ - - * * * * * - -ORCHIDACEAE. Tribe VANDEAE. - -EULOPHIA, _R.Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 535. - - * * * * * - -=Eulophia leontoglossa=, _Reichb. f. in Flora_, 1881, 329; _Fl. Cap_. vol. v. -sect. iii. p. 45. - - * * * * * - -This charming little _Eulophia_ is found in the summer months round -Pretoria growing in the grass veld, and is fairly abundant. Like many -other plants found in the neighbourhood of the Magaliesberg, it was -collected by the travellers Burke and Zeyher. It ranges from the Maclear -Division, through the Orange Free State, to Natal and the Transvaal. - -_E. leontoglossa_ belongs to the same small group (four species) in the -genus as _E. Zeyheri_ (figured on Plate 119), which is characterised by -the flowers being arranged in congested racemes or short heads. Like _E. -Zeyheri_ also, the tubers are arranged in a linear series and resemble -large oval beads. - -Our figure was made from specimens collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, -C.M.G., at Irene, near Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Tubers_ subglobose, about 2 cm. broad; leaves 2 or 3 in a -fascicle, linear or lanceolate-linear, acute or acuminate, 10 to 36 cm. -long, 1·25 to 8 mm. broad. _Scapes_ erect, 10 to 35 cm. long, with a few -lanceolate acuminate sheaths below. _Flower-heads_ congested or rarely -oblong, 2·5 to 5 cm. long; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, -acuminate, 1·3 to 2 cm. long; pedicels 6 to 8 mm. long; lip 3-lobed, -elliptic-oblong, narrowed at the base, about as long as the petals; -side-lobes somewhat divergent, oblong, obtuse or truncate, short; front -lobe elliptic-oblong, obtuse; disc with 5 obscure keels below, papillose -above, and with the surface of the front lobe strongly papillose all -over; spur oblong or subclavate, obtuse, 4 mm. long; column clavate, 4 -mm. long. (_Fl. Cap._) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 135.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, lip; -Fig. 3, sepal; Fig. 4, petal; Fig. 5, column; Fig. 6, pollinia. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _136._] - - - - -PLATE 136. - -HAEMANTHUS KATHARINAE. - -_Natal, Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -HAEMANTHUS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 730. - - * * * * * - -=Haemanthus Katharinae=, _Baker in Gard. Chron._ 1877, vol. vii. p. 656; -_Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 231. - - * * * * * - -On Plate 32 of this work we figured a species of _Haemanthus_ (_H. -natalensis_) which differs from the present species in having the -involucral-bracts erect instead of spreading. _Haemanthus Katharinae_, -with its spreading involucral-bracts and perianth-segments, is unique in -this respect amongst the South African species of the genus. On the -inflorescence figured was an odd flower with 8 perianth-lobes and 8 -stamens. - -The species was introduced into England in 1877 by Mr. Keith, who was -then Superintendent of the Durban Botanic Gardens. In 1884 an excellent -figure (Plate 6778) appeared in the _Botanical Magazine_, made from -plants which flowered at Kew from bulbs sent by Mr. W. B. Lyle of Kirkly -Vale Estate, Natal. - -We are indebted to Mr. P. S. Follwell, Isezela, Natal, for our specimen, -which was cultivated at the Division and flowered in January 1923. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ up to 18 cm. long. _Leaves_ 5 to 6 to a plant, -contemporary with the flowers, 20 to 30 cm. long, 10 to 13 cm. broad, -oblong, shortly mucronate; petiole 3 to 4 cm. long, channelled above. -_Peduncle_ lateral, terete, up to 40 cm. long. _Inflorescence_ a -many-flowered umbel. _Bracts_ 6, membranous, spreading or reflexed. -_Pedicels_ slender, 2·5 to 4 cm. long. _Perianth-tube_ 2 cm. long; lobes -2·5 cm. long, linear-lanceolate, spreading or reflexed. _Stamens_ -inserted at the throat of the perianth-tube; filaments 4·5 cm. long, -erect; anthers 3 mm. long. _Ovary_ ellipsoid; style up to 6 cm. long; -stigma simple. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2837.) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 136.--Fig. 1, plant much reduced; Fig. 2, median longitudinal -section of the flower; Fig. 3, perianth segment showing attachment of -stamen. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _137._] - - - - -PLATE 137. - -DIPLOCYATHA CILIATA. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe STAPELIEAE. - -DIPLOCYATHA, _N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc._ vol. xvii. p. 168, t. 12, -figs. 1 to 3. - - * * * * * - -=Diplocyatha ciliata=, _N. E. Br._ l.c.; _Fl. Cap._ vol. iv. sect. i. p. 923. - - * * * * * - -When Mr. Brown first described this remarkable genus in 1880, he only -knew of Masson’s and Thunberg’s specimens, and up to the time of the -account in the _Flora Capensis_ (1909) Dr. Marloth was the only recent -collector who had found the plant. Mrs. D. van der Bijl, of Abraham’s -Kraal, in the Beaufort West District, who has contributed several -interesting plants we have figured, sent us specimens in 1919, which -flowered at the Division of Botany, Pretoria, this year. - -It was figured in a coloured plate by Masson in 1796, and our present -Plate is the first to be produced since then. A pencil drawing of a -portion of the flower, the corona and the pollinia, accompanied Brown’s -original description, and while our specimen differs in some minor -points from the drawings, we have no hesitation in referring it to the -same species. The flower is rather handsome, and devoid of the -objectionable smell usually associated with the members of the tribe -_Stapelieae_. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stems_ decumbent and ascending, 4 to 6·5 cm. long, 1·5 to -2 cm. thick excluding the teeth, obtusely 4-angled, with stout conical -acute teeth 4 to 6 mm. long, glabrous, green, mottled with purple. -_Flowers_ subsolitary from near the base or middle of the stems; -pedicels 1 to 2 cm. long, erect, glabrous. _Sepals_ about 6 mm. long, -ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous. _Corolla_ about 7·5 cm. in -diameter, smooth and glabrous outside, densely papillate-rugose on the -inner face, according to Thunberg and Masson, greyish, with the tips of -the papillae reddish, but according to Masson’s figure, pale yellowish -with a greyish ring around the mouth of the tube, minutely dotted with -red; tube campanulate, apparently slightly raised at its mouth around -the very thick recurved papillate-rugose rim of the inner tube, which is -densely covered with stiff purple hairs at the base around and under the -corona; lobes about 2·5 cm. long, 1·5 to 2 cm. broad, spreading, ovate, -acute, ciliate from base to apex with clavate vibratile white hairs; -outer corona-lobes arising above the base of the staminal column, -connate at the base, somewhat spreading, with the free 2/3 to 1·5 mm. -long, 2 mm. broad, transverse or subquadrate, very obtusely or -subacutely bifid, glabrous, apparently yellowish dotted with -purple-brown; inner corona-lobes incumbent on the backs of the anthers, -about 1·5 mm. long, thick, ovate, acute, or acuminate with the tips -produced into a very short erect point, apparently yellowish, dotted and -marked with purple-brown. (_Flora Capensis_; National Herb. Pretoria, -No. 2841.) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 137.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of the flower with -corona removed; Fig. 2, sepals; Fig. 3, corona; Fig. 4, pollinia; Fig. -5, inner corona lobe showing pollen-sac; Fig. 6, cross-section of stem. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _138._] - - - - -PLATE 138. - -URGINEA BURKEI. - -_Transvaal, Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. - -URGINEA, _Steinh._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_, vol. iii. p. 810. - - * * * * * - -=Urginea Burkei=, _Baker_; _Fl. Cap_. vol. vi. p. 469. - - * * * * * - -This species of _Urginea_ is well known to the farmers of the Transvaal -under the common name of “Transvaal Slangkop,” owing to the somewhat -striking resemblance of the young inflorescence to a snake’s head. The -plant is extremely poisonous to stock, and in early spring many -fatalities are reported. For a fuller account of this plant see Bulletin -No. 7, 1922, of the Union Department of Agriculture. Burke first -collected the species on the Magaliesberg about 1830, but it remained -undescribed until Baker published his description in the _Flora -Capensis_ in 1896. - -The specimen figured on the accompanying Plate was grown and flowered in -the garden of the Division of Botany, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ globose, tunicated, about 7 cm. in diameter. -_Leaves_ about 26 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, linear. _Peduncle_ 17 cm. -long, terete. _Inflorescence_ a cylindric raceme, 17 cm. long. -_Pedicels_ ascending; the lower 1 cm. long. _Bracts_ small, oblong, -subacuminate, membranous, spurred at the base, deciduous. _Perianth_ 1 -cm. long; segments oblong-lanceolate, white with a brown keel. _Stamens_ -shorter than the perianth-segments. _Ovary_ 4 mm. long, obtusely -trigonous; style 3·5 mm. long. (National Herb. Pretoria, No. 2647.) - -PLATE 138.--Fig. 1, surface view of flower; Fig. 2, perianth-segment -with stamen; Fig. 3, pistil; Fig. 4, bract. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _139._] - - - - -PLATE 139. - -NERINE FLEXUOSA - -var. SANDERSONI. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - - * * * * * - -NERINE, _Herb._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 728. - -=Nerine flexuosa=, _Herb. App. 19_; _Fl. Cap_. vol. vi. p. 211. - - * * * * * - -Our Plate represents a variety of _Nerine flexuosa_ found in the -Transvaal, which is distinguished from the type in having a more robust -inflorescence. It very much resembles _N. lucida_, figured on Plate 134, -but the peduncle is much longer and not so stout. Very little is known -about this variety. It is recorded in the _Flora Capensis_ as collected -by Sanderson in the Transvaal, and does not appear to have been found -again by any recent collector. When planted in a mass it makes a very -effective display as soon as the flowers appear. - -The plants from which this Plate was prepared were grown at the Division -of Botany, Pretoria, but no information is available as to where the -bulbs originally came from. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ globose, 7 cm. in diameter. _Leaves_ about 7, 30 -cm. long, 2·7 cm. broad, strap-shaped, usually twisted. _Umbel_ about -25-flowered. _Peduncle_ up to 40 cm. long, elliptic in cross-section. -_Pedicels_ up to 7 cm. long, slender. _Spathe-valves_ 4 cm. long, ovate, -acuminate. _Perianth-segments_ about 4 cm. long, crisped in the upper -half. _Stamens_ declinate; filaments almost as long as the -perianth-segments. _Ovary_ globose, obtusely 3-angled; style declinate, -as long as the filaments; stigma simple. - -PLATE 139.--Fig. 1, bulb; Fig. 2, leaf; Fig. 3, cross-section of -peduncle; Fig. 4, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. 5, upper -portion of perianth-segment, showing tuft of papillose hairs. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _140._] - - - - -PLATE 140. - -CEROPEGIA AMPLIATA. - -_Cape Province, Natal._ - - * * * * * - -ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe CEROPEGIEAE. - -CEROPEGIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. ii. p. 779. - - * * * * * - -=Ceropegia ampliata=, _E. Mey. Comm. 194_; _Fl. Cap_. vol. iv. sect. i. -p. 817. - - * * * * * - -The species of _Ceropegia_, figured here for the first time, belongs to -the same group in the genus as _C. Meyeri_ (Plate 30), which is -characterised by the tips of the petals being connate and forming a -cage-like top to the flower. _Ceropegia ampliata_ is one of the five -South African species collected by Drège, all of which were described by -E. Meyer. - -The plant is a twiner or scrambler, devoid of leaves at the flowering -period. The flowers are pale green with a purple band within the -corolla-tube, which is visible through the wall of the tube. It is not -such a striking plant as some of the species we have previously figured, -but the purple band on a background of green gives the individual flower -a very pleasing effect. - -Our Plate was prepared from a living plant lent by Mr. W. Haygarth to -the late Dr. J. Medley Wood. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ succulent, twining or scrambling, leafless at the -time of flowering, glabrous. _Leaves_ only seen at the young tips of the -stems, soon deciduous, minute, 2 to 2·5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, -glabrous. _Flowers_ 2 to 4 together at the nodes, successively -developed; pedicels 0·6 to 1·3 cm. long, glabrous. _Sepals_ 2 to 3 mm. -long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous. _Corolla-tube_ in dried specimens -2·5 to 5 cm. long, 0·8 to 1·2 cm. in diameter, cylindric and slightly or -not at all inflated at the base, but on the living plant, according to a -drawing, 5 cm. long, globosely and somewhat lobulate-inflated and about -2·5 cm. in diameter at the base, cylindric and 1·3 cm. in diameter -above, not dilated at the apex, pale green, with a narrow purple -transverse band at the top of the inflation inside, glabrous outside, -covered inside with long simple hairs, longer and more matted at the -purple band and above than in the lower part; lobes 0·8 to 1·2 cm. long, -5 to 6 mm. broad at the base, lanceolate from a deltoid base, acute, -erectly connivent and connate at the tips, replicate or with reflexed -margins, glabrous on both sides and not ciliate, green, spotted with -darker green, becoming olive-brown when dried, probably with a velvety -sheen on the inner surface; outer corona cup-shaped, equally 10-toothed; -teeth about 1 mm. long, narrowly deltoid, acute, hairy on the inner -surface; inner corona-lobes 4 to 5 mm. long, very slenderly filiform, -connivent-erect, dorsally-connected by vertical plates to the outer -corona at the base. (_Flora Capensis._) - - * * * * * - -PLATE 140.--Fig. 1, corolla laid open; Fig. 2, outer and inner corona, -showing the pollinia; Fig. 3, pollinia. - -F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _141._] - - - - -PLATE 141. - -RICHARDIA MELANOLEUCA. - -_Natal._ - - * * * * * - -AROIDEAE. Tribe PHILODENDREAE. - -RICHARDIA, _Kunth_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant_. vol. iii. p. 982. - - * * * * * - -=Richardia melanoleuca=, _Hook. f. in Bot. Mag_. t. 5765; _Fl. Cap_. vol. vi. -p. 38. - - * * * * * - -ON Plate 10 we figured a species of _Richardia_ (_R. angustifolia_) -found in the Transvaal and Basutoland, and on comparing that plate with -the present one, illustrating a Natal species, the most striking -difference noticed is the different colour of the spathes. In both -species the spathes are blotched at the base, but the leaves of _R. -melanoleuca_ are usually covered with translucent spots due to the loss -of chlorophyll (for further details see Saxton in _Trans. Roy. Soc. S. -Afr._ vol. iii. p. 136). - -The species is fairly common in parts of Natal, and is often found -cultivated in local gardens. It was introduced into England and flowered -there in 1868. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens collected at Krantz Kloof, near -Durban. - -DESCRIPTION:--Root tuberous. _Petiole_ of leaf 15 to 35 cm. long, -furrowed on the inner surface, with soft bristles on the lower parts; -blade 10 to 25 cm. long, 12 to 20 cm. broad across the basal lobes, -cordate, deltoid or ovate-deltoid, acute, with a subulate point, hastate -or sagittate at the base, green, shining, glabrous, covered with -numerous translucent spots. _Spathe_ 5 to 8 cm. long, obliquely -subtruncate at the mouth; spadix shortly stipitate, cylindric. _Ovary_ -sessile; stigma sessile or subsessile. _Anthers_ numerous. _Staminodes_ -none. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 141.--Fig. 1, ovary; Fig. 2, cross-section through fruit; - Fig. 3, spadix with spathe removed. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _142._] - - - - -PLATE 142. - -URGINEA MACROCENTRA. - -_Cape Province, Natal._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. - -URGINEA, _Steinh._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 810. - - * * * * * - -=Urginea macrocentra=, _Baker in Gard. Chron._ 1887, vol. i. p. 702; -_Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 466. - - * * * * * - -THIS plant, commonly known as the “Natal Slangkop,” owing to the -resemblance of the young inflorescence to a snake’s head, has been -recorded from the Umvoti District along the coast of Natal, and also -from the Transkei. The inflorescence makes its appearance in early -spring, and is then eaten by stock, when other herbage is scarce, with -fatal results (for an account of symptoms due to “slangkop” poisoning -see Bulletin No. 7 of 1922, Dept. Agric. Union S. Africa). During the -spring months, especially if the rains are later than usual, losses of -stock in parts where this “slangkop” occurs are of almost annual -occurrence. - -The late Dr. Wood stated that he did not think _U. macrocentra_ was -specifically distinct from _U. lilacina_. He carefully compared his -specimens of the latter-named plant with the former, and could detect no -difference, and suggested that the specimens described by Baker as _U. -lilacina_ were merely _U. macrocentra_ which had lost the conspicuous -spurs, these being very early deciduous. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens collected near Merebank outside -Durban, and cultivated at the Natal Herbarium. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ large, globose, 4 to 6 cm. in diameter. _Leaf_ -single, 30 to 60 cm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, terete, purple-red at the -base. _Peduncle_ 70 to 90 cm. long, 7 mm. in diameter, terete. -_Inflorescence_ a dense cylindric raceme 8 to 15 cm. long and 2 to 3 cm. -in diameter. _Bracts_ with a long reflexed spur; spur 2 to 3 cm. long, 4 -mm. broad at the base, convolute, bifid. _Perianth-segments_ 6 mm. -long, oblong-lanceolate. _Stamens_ shorter than the perianth-segments. -_Ovary_ sessile; style short. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 142.--Fig. 1, single flower; Fig. 2, part of inflorescence - axis showing pedicel and bract with the spur removed; Fig. 3, spur; - Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, cross-section of ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _143_] - - - - -PLATE 143. - -CEROPEGIA SANDERSONI. - -_Natal, Zululand._ - - * * * * * - -ASCLEPIADACEAE. Tribe CEROPEGIEAE. - -CEROPEGIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 779. - - * * * * * - -=Ceropegia Sandersoni=, _Decne ex Hook. f. in Bot. Mag._ t. 5792; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. iv. sect. i. p. 815. - - * * * * * - -ON Plate 39 we figured a species of _Ceropegia (C. Rendalii)_, which is -one of a group of four species characterised by the corolla-lobes being -united into an umbrella-like canopy supported by 5 short stalks. The -species on the accompanying plate is another of this group, and should -be compared with _C. Rendalii_ and _C. tristis_ (Plate 44). - -The original description and plate appeared in the _Botanical Magazine_ -in 1869, and were based on specimens sent to Kew by Mr. Sanderson in -1868, and which subsequently flowered there. The plant lends itself very -well to cultivation in the green-house, and is an object of beauty and -curiosity when in flower. It does not appear to have been extensively -collected, and may not be very common. In its native habitat it flowers -during the month of February. - -As far as we are aware, there is no local name for the plant, and we -would therefore suggest “Sanderson’s Canopy Flower” as an appropriate -name. According to Gerrard the stems and leaves are eaten by the Kaffirs -and have an agreeable, sauce-like flavour. - -Our plate was prepared from living specimens collected by Mr. W. J. -Haygarth at Entumeni, Zululand. - -DESCRIPTION:--“Roots tuberous similar to those of a Dahlia” (Gerrard); -stem twining, 3 to 4 mm. thick, fleshy, glabrous, slightly rough to the -touch; leaves fleshy, glabrous; petiole 2 to 6 mm. long, stout; blade -1·5 to 4·5 cm. long, 1·5 to 2·5 cm. broad, ovate-lanceolate to broadly -cordate-ovate, acute or shortly cuspidate-acute, light green; cymes -with 2 to 4 flowers, developed singly, glabrous; peduncles 4 to 10 mm. -long, 3 to 4 mm. thick; pedicels 6 to 10 mm. long, nearly or quite 3 mm. -thick, becoming stouter in fruit; sepals 6 to 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, -narrowly oblong, acute, longitudinally folded, glabrous; corolla-tube -curved, 3 to 4 mm. long, with an oblong inflation 6 mm. in diameter at -the base, narrowed above and enlarged to 1·5 cm. or 2 cm. in diameter at -the funnel-shaped mouth, glabrous with the exception of a few hairs at -the very base inside; striped with green and white on the upper part -outside and within, light green on the inflation outside, dull -greyish-or purplish-green within, with numerous ribs, which abruptly -terminate at the base of the purple contracted part; lobes united into a -flattish 5-keeled umbrella-like canopy 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, supported -on 5 short claws, with 5 broad obtuse slightly bifid marginal -much-arched lobes, ciliate with vibratile white hairs, its centre -distinctly depressed, with a 6-pointed tubercle above and a 5-ribbed -projection beneath, yellowish-green, spotted with light green above and -with brighter green underneath, with the ribbed projection beneath and -some spots around it blackish-purple; outer corona 1 mm. long, -cup-shaped, not pentagonal, truncate, entire, whitish, with the margin -and at its junction with the inner corona-lobes purple-brown, ciliate -with white hairs; inner corona-lobes 3 mm. long, incumbent on the backs -of the anthers, with erect filiform tips, recurved at the apex, dorsally -connected to the outer corona at the base, glabrous, white; follicles -horizontally diverging, 7 to 14 cm. long, 6·5 to 7 mm. thick, terete, -tapering from about the middle to a slightly dilated umbonate apex about -4 mm. in diameter, irregularly rugose and tuberculate, glabrous, green, -stained with dull purplish. (_Flora Capensis._) - - * * * * * - - PLATE 143.--Fig. 1, outer corona lobe; Fig. 2, inner corona lobes; - Fig. 3, pollinia. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _144._] - - - - -PLATE 144. - -ANOIGANTHUS BREVIFLORUS. - -_Cape Province, Natal, Swaziland._ - - * * * * * - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -ANOIGANTHUS, _Baker_; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 722. - - * * * * * - -=Anoiganthus breviflorus=, _Baker in Journ. Bot._ 1878, p. 76; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. vi. p. 193. - - * * * * * - -IN 1889 a good coloured plate of this plant was reproduced in the -_Botanical Magazine_. The plate was prepared from plants sent to Kew by -the late Dr. Medley Wood, and which flowered freely there in the open. -_Anoiganthus breviflorus_ is readily distinguished from species of -_Cyrtanthus_ (species of which we figured in earlier plates) by having -basifixed, not versatile anthers. It is a fairly widely distributed -species, being found as far south as Somerset East, and spreading -northward through the eastern parts of the Cape Province into Natal, -Zululand, Basutoland, Swaziland and to Broken Hill, N.W. Rhodesia. The -same yellow colour of the flowers is found in species of _Cyrtanthus_, -but specimens with white flowers have been recorded. - -The species does quite well in cultivation, and in its native habitat -thrives in swampy and marshy ground. - -Our plate was prepared from plants collected near Springfield (Durban), -Natal. - -[There appears to be a second and quite distinct species (_A. luteus_ -Baker) of this interesting little genus, though Baker in the _Flora -Capensis_ treated it as a variety. That it is distinct enough to be -regarded as a species was very strongly supported by the late Dr. J. -Medley Wood. According to him _A. breviflorus_ grows in swampy ground, -commencing at about 1500 ft. above sea level, and is found upwards to -4000 ft. He observed it occasionally to 4 ft. in height, but the average -was 2 to 3 ft. On the other hand, _A. luteus_ appears on grassy hills -and plains from just above sea level to 2000 ft., but never in swamps. -During the flowering stage it is rarely more than about 1 ft. high, but -afterwards, in fruit, the scape lengthens considerably and often attains -2 ft. in length. These observations by Dr. Wood are confirmed by a -critical examination of the specimens at Kew. The flowers and leaves -appear to be always contemporaneous in _A. breviflorus_, but in _A. -luteus_ the flowers appear first and the leaves are very small. Further -notes by Natal botanists would be welcome.--J. H.] - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ ovoid, white, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, with a short -neck and brown membranous tunics. _Leaves_ 3 to 4, contemporary with the -flowers, 4 to 30 cm. long, 7 to 14 mm. broad, strap-shaped, obtuse, -strongly-nerved, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 8 to 20 cm. long, about 4 mm. in -diameter, slender, erect. _Spathe-valves_ 4 to 5 cm. long, 4 mm. broad -at the base lanceolate. _Pedicels_ 2 to 4 cm. long, erect. -_Inflorescence_ a 2-to 10-flowered umbel. _Perianth-tube_ 5 mm. long; -lobes 15 mm. long, lanceolate, acute. _Stamens_ included, in 2 series; -anthers basifixed. _Ovary_ glabrous; style slender; stigmas 3, -overtopping the stamens. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 144.--Fig. 1, perianth laid open; Fig. 2, stamens; Fig. 3, - cross-section of ovary; Fig. 4, style-branches. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _145._] - - - - -PLATE 145. - -BURCHELLIA BUBALINA. - -_Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -RUBIACEAE. Tribe GARDENIEAE. - -BURCHELLIA, _R. Br._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 85. - - * * * * * - -=Burchellia bubalina=, _Sims Bot. Mag._ t. 2339 (1822). _Lonicera -bubalina_, _Linn. f. Suppl. 146_ (1781). _Burchellia capensis_, _R. Br. -in Ker. Bot. Reg._ t. 466 (1820); _Fl. Cap._ vol. iii. p. 2. - - * * * * * - -_Burchellia bubalina_ is known locally as “Buffels-hoorn” (not -“Buffelsdoorn”), on account of the horn-like calyx lobes, which persist -on the fruit. The bright-red flowers give rise to the name “Wild -pomegranate,” or “Wilde granaat.” There are also various native names -for the plant. - -The single species of this genus is endemic to South Africa, and has a -wide distribution. In the south-west it is known as far as Swellendam, -whence it ranges through the forests to Natal and the Transvaal. Mr. -Galpin has recorded the plant from the summit of Saddleback Mountain, at -4500 to 5000 ft., where it occurs as a shrub 8 ft. high. It is somewhat -variable, the corolla differing much in size, and the length and -hairiness of the style fluctuates, perhaps due to sexual differences. -The calyx lobes are either 5 or 6 on the same plant. - -No less than six different names have been applied to this species. Of -these we have, with some reluctance, adopted the oldest, _B. bubalina_, -Sims, using the specific name first applied by the younger Linnaeus in -1781 under the genus _Lonicera_ for specimens collected by Sparmann. A -better known name is _B. capensis_. - -DESCRIPTION:--A small tree reaching 3·6 to 4·2 m. high. _Leaves_ -opposite, petiolate; petioles up to 1·2 cm. long, thick, pubescent; -lamina up to 10·5 cm. long and 5·5 cm. broad, broadly ovate, entire, -rounded or subcordate at the base, with revolute margins and the veins -conspicuous above and very prominent beneath, dark green and glabrous -above, pubescent on all the veins beneath. _Stipules_ semicircular from -a broad base, ending in a linear cusp which almost equals the basal -portion in length and is minutely pilose. _Inflorescence_ terminal, -many-flowered. _Calyx-tube_ 6 mm. long, campanulate; lobes 5 to 6, 1 to -2 cm. long, linear, pubescent. _Corolla-tube_ 2 cm. long, inflated, -puberulous without, glabrous within, with a ring of white hairs near the -base; lobes 5 mm. long, triangular. _Stamens_ 5, inserted on the upper -half of the corolla-tube; filaments very short; anthers with the -connective slightly produced. _Ovary_ inferior, 2-celled, many-ovuled; -style filiform, exserted; stigma clavate. _Fruit_ a subglobose berry, -crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 145.--Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, corolla laid open; Fig. 3, - showing pistil in calyx; Fig. 4, anther; Fig. 5, cross-section of - ovary; Fig. 6, stipule. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _146._] - - - - -PLATE 146. - -PELARGONIUM PULVERULENTUM. - -_Cape Province, Natal._ - - * * * * * - -GERANIACEAE. Tribe PELARGONIEAE. -PELARGONIUM, _L’Herit._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 273. - - * * * * * - -=Pelargonium pulverulentum=, _Colv. in Sw. Ger._ t. 218; _Fl. Cap._ vol. i. -p. 272. - - * * * * * - -THIS species of _Pelargonium_, according to the late Dr. J. Medley Wood, -was first found in Natal in 1878, and was not met with again until 1914, -when it was found on the south coast near the sea. It had previously -been recorded from the eastern districts of the Cape Province by Ecklon -and Zeyher, Drège and Burke. The species belongs to the section -_Polyactium_ of the genus, and should be compared with _Pelargonium -crassicaule_, which we figured on Plate 52. - -The white powdery pubescence, mentioned by Sweet as covering the young -leaves, has not been noticed in the Natal plants. - -Our illustration was made and the description drawn up from specimens -collected at Merebank, Natal. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ short, thick, woody. _Leaves_ petioled; petioles -3·1 to 7·5 cm. long, hispid; lamina 6·5 to 8·1 cm. long and broad, -cordate, obtuse, somewhat lobed, with the lobes rounded and irregularly -and sharply serrate, 5-veined at the base, glabrous above, hispid with -minute short hairs beneath, more thickly on the margins; stipules -broadly ovate, acute, ciliate. _Inflorescence_ an umbel of 6 to 12 -flowers. _Peduncle_ up to 20 cm. long, hispid. _Bracts_ 3 to 4·5 cm. -long, oblong, acute, hispid, ciliate. _Sepals_ 5, oblong-lanceolate, -acute, densely and minutely hispid, shorter than the petals. _Petals_ 5, -rather unequal, 1 to 1·2 cm. long, obovate, yellowish-white with a -purple blotch. _Stamens_ 10, monadelphous, unequal; 6 stamens fertile; -the remainder without anthers, of these 3 are short and subulate and 1 -broad and acute. _Stigmas_ 5, filiform. Fruit not seen. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 146.--Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of the - flower showing the monadelphous stamens; Fig. 3, petals; Fig. 4, - stamens; Fig. 5, pistil; Fig. 6, cross-section through the ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _147._] - - - - -PLATE 147. - -THUNBERGIA NATALENSIS. - -_Transvaal, Cape Province, and Natal._ - - * * * * * - -ACANTHACEAE. Tribe THUNBERGIEAE. - -THUNBERGIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 1072. - - * * * * * - -=Thunbergia natalensis=, _Hook. Bot. Mag._ t. 5082; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. -sect. i. p. 4. - - * * * * * - -_Thunbergia natalensis_ was described and figured in 1858 from plants -cultivated by Messrs. Veitch of Chelsea, from seed received from South -Africa. A year later Harvey gave a picture of the species in his -_Thesaurus Capensis_ (Plate 38). The _Flora Capensis_ does not mention -the peculiar stalked glandular hairs found on the funnel-shaped part of -the style, though Hooker accurately figured these, neither does Harvey -show them in his figure nor mention them in his description, although he -was acquainted with the drawing in the _Botanical Magazine_. - -The plant is a small shrub bearing large blue flowers with a bright -yellow throat, and is confined to the eastern parts of the Cape -Province, Natal, and the spurs of the Drakensbergen in the Transvaal. -Notwithstanding its showy nature, it escaped the notice of the old -collectors in Natal and the Transkei. - -The species is worth the attention of horticulturists, and should find -greater favour among growers who cultivate our native plants. - -DESCRIPTION:--A shrub 20 to 50 cm. high. _Branches_ glabrous or thinly -hairy. _Leaves_ 4 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. broad, decussate, oblong or -elliptic, acute, cordate or sub-hastate at the base, subentire or -sinuate-toothed, slightly scabrous on both surfaces, with the veins -prominent beneath; petiole 3 to 6 mm. long. _Inflorescence_ axillary -1-to 3-flowered; bracteoles 2, 1 to 2·5 cm. long, 1 to 1·3 cm. broad, -lanceolate, acute, prominently 3-veined; peduncle 2 to 4 cm. long, -glabrous. _Calyx-tube_ 2 mm. long; lobes ovate. _Corolla_ -salver-shaped; tube 2 to 3·5 cm. long, curved, much inflated from near -the base, sparsely pubescent; lobes 1 to 1·3 cm. long, ovate. _Stamens_ -inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments filiform, thickened towards the -base; anther-cells bearded, one cell in each of the two larger anthers -spurred at the base. _Style_ funnel-shaped above, and produced in short -triangular lobes, with stalked glandular-hairs on the funnel-shaped part -and bearded on the lower surface of the lobes. _Capsule_ 3 cm. long, -densely and minutely hairy or glabrous. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 147.--Fig. 1, showing ovary situated on the disc; Fig. 2, - stamen; Fig. 3, portion of style, showing funnel-shaped upper - portion covered with stalked glandular hairs; Fig. 4, fruit. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _148._] - - - - -PLATE 148. - -THUNBERGIA ALATA. - -_Natal._ - - * * * * * - -ACANTHACEAE. Tribe THUNBERGIEAE. - -THUNBERGIA, _Linn. fil._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. ii. p. 1072. - - * * * * * - -=Thunbergia alata=, _Boj. ex Sims in Bot. Mag._ t. 2591; _Fl. Cap._ vol. v. -sect. i. p. 10. - - * * * * * - -_Thunbergia alata_ is a native of tropical Africa and Natal, but has -been introduced into many warm parts of the world as an ornamental -creeper, and it is often called “Black-eyed Susan.” It was first -described and figured in 1825 from plants raised in England from seed -collected in Mauritius. - -In its natural habitat the species is found as a creeper in woods, and -the bright-orange corolla with a dark maroon throat gives the flower a -singularly beautiful effect. The plant grows readily under cultivation, -and makes a fine trellis creeper, but in colder countries it requires -the protection of a glass-house. - -The petioles of the mature leaves, as will be seen from the plate, are -distinctly winged, but in the younger leaves they are almost terete. The -stamens, as is usually the case in the family _Acanthaceae_, are -appendaged in some way, and exhibit two forms in this species. All the -anthers are tailed, but the anther of the shorter stamen, instead of -having two tails, is only tailed at the base of one pollen-sac, the -other pollen-sac bearing a bunch of radiating glandular hairs. - -Our plate was prepared from plants grown by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, -C.M.G., at Irene, near Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--A climber. _Branches_ terete, hirsute. _Leaves_ opposite, -petioled; petiole 2 to 5 cm. long, at first terete, with a shallow -groove on the upper side, at length expanded and winged, hirsute; lamina -2·2 to 6·5 cm. long, 2 to 5·5 cm. broad, ovate, subobtuse, lobed at the -base, hirsute above and beneath, with the veins depressed above, -prominent beneath. _Flowers_ solitary, axillary. _Pedicel_ up to 6 cm. -long, terete, hirsute. _Bracts_ two, 2·2 cm. long, 1·2 cm. broad, ovate, -obtuse, distinctly keeled, hirsute, connate on one side. _Calyx_ with -many narrow linear lobes, covered with stalked glands. _Corolla-tube_ 2 -cm. long, cylindric below, and then more or less suddenly widened into a -tube 6 mm. in diameter above, glabrous without and with a ring of -deflexed glandular hairs at the insertion of the stamens; limb more or -less oblique, with the lobes 1·5 cm. long, 1·4 cm. broad, obovate, and -with the margin concave at the apex. _Stamens_ unequal; anthers very -distinctly tailed and covered on the face with long glandular hairs; the -shorter anther with only 1 tail and with a tuft of glandular hairs on -the other pollen sac. _Style-lobes_ unequal; the shorter in the form of -a concave saucer; the upper deeply channelled (_National Herb. -Pretoria_, No. 2847). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 148.--Fig. 1, young leaf with terete petiole; Fig. 2, median - longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 3, calyx; Fig. 4, larger - stamens; Fig. 5, smaller stamen; Fig. 6, style. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _149._] - - - - -PLATE 149. - -ALOE PEGLERAE. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. - -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - -=Aloe Peglerae=, _Schonl. in Records Albany Mus._ vol. i. p. 120. - - * * * * * - -_Aloe Peglerae_ is quite a common plant in parts of the Transvaal, and -may be found in quantities on the stony hills of the Magaliesberg round -Pretoria. The species was first described by Dr. S. Schönland in 1903 -from specimens collected by Miss Alice Pegler near Rustenburg. The -peculiar lax arrangement of the leaves is very characteristic, and Miss -Pegler not inaptly compared its appearance to a loose cabbage. - -In the description accompanying Plate 107 (_Aloe comosa_) we described -the method in which the flowers mature. _Aloe Peglerae_, as far as we -have observed, is an exception to this general rule, as the style is -exserted with the filaments and does not wait until the filaments are -withdrawn, and the perianth withers before protruding. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens which flowered at the Division of -Botany, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Plant_ almost acaulescent with a dense rosette of leaves. -_Leaves_ curved, about 28 cm. long, 5·5 cm. broad, below lanceolate, -ending in a short spine, almost flat on the upper surface, slightly -convex on the lower surface, faintly keeled and spiny on the back in the -uppermost third, with the margins spiny; the spines on lower portion of -leaf about 1 mm. long and about 5 mm. apart, becoming 5 mm. long and 1·5 -cm. apart in the upper part of the leaf. _Peduncle_ solitary from the -middle of the leaf rosette, about 1·2 cm. in diameter and covered with -ovate long-acuminate erect membranous bracts. _Flower spike_ about 18 -cm. long, up to 8 cm. in diameter; flowers at first reddish, becoming -greenish-white at maturity. _Outer perianth-segments_ 2·5 cm. long, 6 -mm. broad, oblanceolate, with the apex slightly recurved, 3-nerved; -inner segments 2 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, oblong, 1-nerved. _Stamens_ at -length long exserted; filaments dark purple above, greenish below, -linear. _Ovary_ 5 mm. long, ellipsoid; style 4·2 cm. long, cylindric, -exserted with the stamens; stigma small (_National Herb. Pretoria_, No. -2846). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 149.--Fig. 1, upper portion of leaf; Fig. 2, flower; Fig. 3, - median longitudinal section of a flower. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _150._] - - - - -PLATE 150. - -PSEUDOBAECKEA VIRGATA. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -BRUNIACEAE. - -PSEUDOBAECKIA, _Nied. in Engl. and Prantl. Naturl. Pflanzenfam._ vol. iii. 2a, -p. 136 (1891). - - * * * * * - -=Pseudobaeckia virgata=, _Nied. l. c._; _Dummer in Journ. Bot._ 1912, -Suppl. 2. _Brunia virgata_, Brogn.; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 315. - - * * * * * - -ON Plate 92 we figured a member of the family _Bruniaceae, Brunia -Stokoei_, which differs from the genus _Pseudobaeckia_ in having the -sepals united beyond the ovary and the stamens shorter than the petals. -The species of _Pseudobaeckia_ were formerly placed under the genus -_Brunia_, until a separate genus was constituted for them in 1891. - -The species figured is not a particularly striking one, but it is worthy -of illustration, as it belongs to a group only found in the -south-western area of the Cape Province. - -The specimens from which our plate was prepared were collected by Mr. T. -P. Stokoe on the Hottentot Hollands Mountains, where it is found growing -in very damp places near Kogelberg. It also occurs in the mountains of -Swellendam. We are indebted to the Director of the Royal Botanic -Gardens, Kew, for comparing the plant with the material in the Kew -Herbarium. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ slender, arranged in a racemose manner above, -yellowish, the young branches densely woolly, at length becoming -glabrous. _Leaves_ adpressed, somewhat distant below, becoming more -crowded above, 3·5 to 6 mm. long, 1·5 mm. broad, lanceolate, with a long -black mucro at the apex, convex and glabrous beneath, concave and woolly -above. _Flowers_ sessile, solitary in the uppermost leaves of the -ultimate branchlets. _Bracts_ two, 1 mm. long, ·25 mm. broad, linear, -convex beneath, concave above, obtuse, glabrous. _Sepals_ 1·25 mm. long, -·5 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, glabrous. _Petals_ 1 mm. long, slightly -over ·5 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse. _Filaments_ ·5 mm. long, linear; -anthers less than ·25 mm. long. _Ovary_ 2-celled, with a single red -pendulous ovule in each cell, sometimes only one ovule present; style ·5 -mm. long, bifid at the apex (_National Herb. Pretoria_, No. 2578). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 150.--Fig. 1, tip of branch enlarged, showing flowers; Fig. - 2, portion of branch enlarged; Fig. 3, single leaf showing under - surface; Fig. 4, longitudinal section through a flower; Fig. 5, a - single flower; Fig. 6, stamen; Fig. 7, bracteole; Fig. 8, bract. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _151._] - - - - -PLATE 151. - -ALOE SCHLECHTERI. - -_Cape Province, Namaqualand._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. - -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - - * * * * * - -=Aloe Schlechteri=, _Schonl. in Records Albany Mus._ vol. i. p. 45. - - * * * * * - -This somewhat rare _Aloe_ was first described by Dr. Schönland from -material collected by Max Schlechter at Pella, S.W. Africa. The Division -of Botany in 1921 received living specimens from Dr. W. Borchards of -Upington, and these subsequently flowered at Pretoria. - -_Aloe Schlechteri_ is found growing on the bare veld. The short stems -are decumbent and the rosette of leaves almost at right angles to the -stems, giving the plant, when viewed from a little distance, an -acaulescent appearance. The plants are invariably found in groups, and -the individual plants are so arranged that the group forms a half-circle -or sometimes a complete circle on the ground. The inflorescence appears -to be always forked. - -Our illustration was made from the specimens collected by Dr. Borchards. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stem_ short decumbent with a dense rosette of leaves. -_Leaves_ somewhat incurved, up to 24 cm. long, up to 4 cm. broad near -the base, lanceolate, acuminate, ending in a sharp spine, convex -beneath, flat or slightly convex above, with the margins covered with -prickles and a few prickles on the keel beneath near the apex; prickles -about 1·2 cm. apart, straight or slightly incurved. _Inflorescence_ -branched into two arms; the common peduncle about 10 cm. long, bluntly -3-angled, naked; peduncle of arms up to lowermost flowers 9 cm. long, -covered with a few membranous ovate acuminate bracts; raceme 15 cm. -long, many-flowered. _Pedicels_ 8 mm. long, erect. _Youngest flowers_ -tubular, erect, becoming later horizontal and at length pendulous and -then clavate. _Perianth-tube_ 1·8 cm. long, widening from the base -upwards; inner lobes 1·2 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, -usually 5-nerved; outer lobes 1·6 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, -oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, concave usually 3-nerved. _Stamens_ 3·5 cm. -long, at first included, at length exserted. _Ovary_ 8 mm. long, -3-angled; style 1·6 cm. long, terete; stigma minute (National Herb. -2845). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 151.--Fig. 1, flower; Fig. 2, median longitudinal section of - flower; Fig. 3, perianth-segments; Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, style. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _152._] - - - - -PLATE 152. - -MONTBRETIA CROCOSMAEFLORA. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -IRIDACEAE. Tribe IXIEAE. - -=Montbretia crocosmaeflora=, _Hort._; _Flor. Mag._ n.s. t. 472; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. vi. p. 129. - - * * * * * - -This plant, commonly seen in South African gardens, is a hybrid between -_Tritonia Pottsii_ and _Crocosmia aurea_, and was described from plants -which flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in August 1889. As the -plant has been described under the generic name of _Montbretia_ in the -_Flora Capensis_ we retain the combination here. - -The plant blooms in Pretoria during the month of April, and furnishes a -good supply of cut flowers during a time when they are scarce. Our -illustration was made from specimens flowering at the Division of -Botany, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Corm_ 2·5 cm. in diameter, almost spherical, sending out -lateral rhizomes. _Leaves_ arranged up the stem in a fan-like manner, 6 -to 7 on each side, up to 30 cm. long, ·8 to 1 cm. broad, linear, acute, -equitant at the base, with the midrib prominent and the lateral veins -evident in fresh specimens, glabrous. _Peduncle_ up to 25 cm. long, 7-to -10-ribbed (almost narrowly winged), glabrous. _Inflorescence_ a lax -panicle of 3 to 4 spikes. _Spikes_ 4 to 5 cm. long, 4-to 6-flowered. -_Spathe-valves_ 8 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, brown, membranous. -_Perianth-tube_ 1·5 cm. long, 4 mm. in diameter above, gradually -narrowing below; lobes 2·8 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, -somewhat unequal. _Stamens_ fixed in the upper portion of the -perianth-tube; filaments 2·2 mm. long, terete; anthers 8 mm. long, -linear, versatile. _Ovary_ 6 mm. long, ellipsoid; style 3 cm. long, -terete; style-branches 1 mm. long, bifid and papillose at the apex. -_Fruit_ 9 mm. in diameter, globose, obtusely 3-angled, several seeds in -each cell (National Herb. 2848). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 152.--Fig. 1, corm showing rhizomes; Fig. 2, median - longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. 3, spathe-valves; Fig. 4, - stamen; Fig. 5, upper part of style; Fig. 6, fruits. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _153._] - - - - -PLATE 153. - -OXALIS LUPINIFOLIUS. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -OXALIDACEAE. - -OXALIS, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 276. - - * * * * * - -=Oxalis lupinifolius=, _Jacq. Oxal._ t. 72; _Fl. Cap._ vol. i. p. 348. - - * * * * * - -This beautiful little _Oxalis_ belongs to a small group of about eight -species which are characterised by having the leaves digitately 5-to -19-foliate, and in some respects these species are more showy than many -of the others. - -The genus as a whole is essentially characteristic of the south-western -portion of the Cape Province, but scattered species are found in various -parts of the Union. Species of _Oxalis_ are also abundant in South -America, where some of them form tall shrubs. - -Heterostylism, _i. e._ the different relative lengths of the stamens and -styles, is found in the genus. In some flowers the styles exceed the -stamens, while in others the stamens are longer than the styles. This -arrangement of the sexual organs ensures that cross-pollination will -take place. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens grown at the Division of Botany, -Pretoria, from corms presented by Dr. C. L. Leipoldt, who collected them -at Pakhuis in the Clanwilliam Division. According to Dr. Leipoldt the -corms are edible. - -DESCRIPTION:--Internodes very short, so that the leaves appear more or -less in a rosette. _Leaves_ digitately 3-to 6-foliate; petioles 3 to 9 -cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad, flattened glabrous; the shorter petioles -very distinctly winged; the longer petioles not so evidently winged; -leaflets up to 3·5 cm. long, 1·8 cm. broad, obovate, cuneate, rounded at -the apex, glabrous, punctate beneath. _Pedicels_ 1 to 6 cm. long, -terete, glabrous. _Bracts_ 2, 4 mm. long, linear. _Sepals_ 6 mm. long, 2 -mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, with membranous margins, glabrous. -_Corolla-tube_ 7 mm. long, 5 mm. in diameter above, campanulate; lobes -1·5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, obovate. _Stamens_ unequal; longer stamens -6·5 mm. long, subterete, pubescent, with an appendage on the back; -shorter stamens 3·5 mm. long, similar to the longer, but without the -appendage; anthers oblong. _Ovary_ 1·5 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, -ellipsoid, glabrous; styles 1 mm. long; stigmas penicillate. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 153.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, - calyx; Fig. 3, androecium; Fig. 4, pistil of long-styled flower; - Fig. 5. pistil of short-styled flower. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _154._] - - - - -PLATE 154. - -COTYLEDON WICKENSII. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -CRASSULACEAE. - -COTYLEDON, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 658. - - * * * * * - -=Cotyledon Wickensii=, _Schonl. in Records Albany Museum_, vol. iii. p. 141. - - * * * * * - -The _Pillansii_ group of _Cotyledon_ as defined by Dr. Schönland -includes species with a suffructicose, mostly robust habit, with the -lobes of the corolla usually longer than the tube, glandular flowers, -and with a tuft of hairs at the base of the filaments where they join -the corolla. The species figured here was collected by Mr. J. Wickens -and Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., on stony kopjes at Smit’s Drift, in -the Pietersburg District of the northern Transvaal. - -It is well adapted for rockeries, and flowers profusely during the -mid-winter months of June and July. The species has been established in -the rockeries of the Union Building gardens at Pretoria, and is doing -remarkably well. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens growing at the Division of Botany, -Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--A tall herbaceous shrub up to 2 m. high. _Stems_ somewhat -fleshy, glabrous. _Leaves_ 8·5 to 11 cm. long, 2·5 cm. broad, -lanceolate, acute, or sometimes rounded, distinctly narrowed to the base -into a terete portion, flat above, slightly convex beneath, glabrous and -covered with a glaucous bloom. _Inflorescence_ cymose, 12-to 15-flowered -at the end of a naked peduncle. _Peduncle_ up to 30 cm. long, terete, 6 -mm. in diameter. _Pedicels_ 1·5 to 3 cm. long, terete, densely covered -with glandular hairs, expanded and disc-like above. _Sepals_ 8 mm. long, -4 mm. broad, ovate, obtuse, glandular-pubescent. _Petals_ persistent. -_Corolla-tube_ 2 mm. long, gibbous at the base between the petals, -glandular hispid; lobes 2 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong-linear, with a -small blunt apiculus, glandular-hispid, especially on the margins. -_Stamens_ equal; filaments 2·2 cm. long, terete, with reflexed hairs at -the base; anthers ovate or almost orbicular. _Carpels_ a little shorter -than the stamens. _Glands_ at base of each carpel, 3 mm. long, 1·5 mm. -broad, oblong, truncate, projecting into the cavity at base of the -petals. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 154.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, - longitudinal section of flower with pistil removed; Fig. 3, carpels - showing glands at the base; Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, cross-section - of leaf. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _155._] - - - - -PLATE 155. - -ALOE PETRICOLA. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. - -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - - * * * * * - -=Aloe petricola=, _Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr._ vol. v. p. 707. - - * * * * * - -This _Aloe_ was first collected and photographed by Dr. Pole Evans at -Nelspruit in September 1905. In the Nelspruit Valley (Barberton -District) the plant is found chiefly on the granite outcrops, and in -similar localities at Eland’s Hoek and in the Kaap Valley, where it was -collected by Mr. Geo. Thorncroft. Like most of our Transvaal aloes, it -flowers in mid-winter (July), and the flowering period extends well into -August. _Aloe petricola_ is one of the stemless species, and the -bicoloured inflorescence makes it quite a striking plant in the rockery. -In the oldest flowers the filaments contract within the perianth, and -the style then becomes exserted. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens which flowered at the Division of -Botany, Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Leaves_ 34 cm. long, 8 cm. broad at the base, lanceolate, -acuminate, ending in a short spine, concave on the upper surface, convex -on the lower, with spines along the margins and 1 to 3 spines on the -back near the apex; spines about ·2 mm. long and 1·5 cm. apart. -_Inflorescence_ forked; peduncle bearing the inflorescence about 20 cm. -long, 1·2 cm. in diameter, terete, bearing ovate acuminate membranous -bracts; flowers in a dense spike about 21 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter, -all reflexed, at first red, later becoming greenish-white, with dark -green bands. _Floral bracts_ membranous, reflexed, 1·5 cm. long, 5 mm. -broad at the base, ovate, cuspidate, 5-nerved. _Outer perianth-segments_ -2·5 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, lanceolate, obtuse, distinctly 3-nerved -(faintly 5-nerved); inner segments 2·3 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, somewhat -keeled, 3-nerved. _Filaments_ 2·5 cm. long, broadest in the middle and -tapering to the base and apex, dark purple above, greenish-white below; -anthers 3 mm. long with dark yellow pollen. _Ovary_ 5 mm. long, -cylindric; style 2 cm. long, cylindric; stigma minute. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 155.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, - bud; Fig. 3, perianth-segments; Fig. 4, stamen. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _156._] - - - - -PLATE 156. - -CRASSULA PORTULACEA. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -CRASSULACEAE. - -CRASSULA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. i. p. 657. - - * * * * * - -=Crassula portulacea=, _Lam. Dict._ ii. p. 172; _Fl. Cap._ vol. ii. p. 337. - - * * * * * - -This species of _Crassula_ is somewhat related to _C. falcata_, figured -on Plate 12, but differs in its more shrubby habit. It belongs to the -section _Latifoliae_ of the genus, which contains three species, all -succulent branching shrubs, with broad flat fleshy leaves. - -_Crassula portulacea_ is a large much-branched shrub up to 10 to 12 ft. -high, and is found in the south-eastern parts of the Cape Province, in -the coastal districts from Montagu to Port Elizabeth. - -Our plate was prepared from plants flowering in the rockeries at the -Division of Botany, Pretoria. Here it forms a small, more or less -compact shrub about 2 ft. high, and flowers very profusely. The flowers -appear during the winter months, and when in full bloom the plant makes -a very effective show on the rockery. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Branches_ succulent. _Leaves_ up to 5 cm. long, 3 cm. -broad, obovate, rounded at the apex, produced into a short broad -petiole, articulated to the branches, glabrous. _Inflorescence_ -terminal, in large lax cymose panicles. _Calyx_ campanulate, with very -short lobes. _Petals_ 1 cm. long, 2·5 mm. broad, oblong, with a small -apiculus at the apex. _Stamens_ 5, alternating with the petals; -filaments 5·5 mm. long, linear, tapering upwards; anthers more or less -crescent-shaped. _Hypogynous glands_ oblong, rounded above. _Carpels_ 5, -free; ovary ellipsoid; style 3 mm. long, terete; stigma small, -capitate. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 156.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, - a single carpel; Fig. 3, stamen; Fig. 4, hypogynous gland. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _157._] - - - - -PLATE 157. - -EUPHORBIA COOPERI. - -_Natal and Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -EUPHORBIACEAE. Tribe EUPHORBIEAE. - -EUPHORBIA, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 258. - - * * * * * - -=Euphorbia Cooperi=, _N.E. Br. ex Berger, Sukk. Euphorb._ 83 and 84, Fig. 21; -_Fl. Cap._ vol. v. sect. 2, p. 368. - - * * * * * - -The genus _Euphorbia_ is represented in South Africa by one hundred and -eighty-three species, and we figure a representative of this genus for -the first time. The genus contains many species which are of economic -value as stock-food plants in the drier parts of the country, and among -these may be mentioned _E. esculenta_, Marl. (Vingerpol), _E. -brachiata_, E. Mey. (Soet or Blou Melkbos), _E. coerulescens_, Haw. -(Soet Noorsdoring), and several other species which are commonly known -as “Noorsdoring.” - -The species figured here is one of the arborescent members of the -family, and is found in Natal and in the Rustenburg and Piet Potgieter’s -Rust Districts of the Transvaal. It is easily recognised by the -continuous horny margins on the stems. - -The plant when cut exudes a copious milky juice, which is a skin -irritant, and which also causes a burning sensation in the throat if the -air is inhaled when standing in close proximity to a bleeding plant. - -Our plate was prepared from a plant growing at the Division of Botany, -Pretoria. - -DESCRIPTION:--A succulent leafless spiny tree, 10 to 15 ft. high; trunk -becoming naked and cylindric below, 15 to 20 cm. thick; branches -ascending, curved at their basal part, 5-to 6-angled, deeply constricted -into conic-ovate or somewhat heart-shaped segments 5 to 15 cm. long, and -4 to 7·5 cm. in diameter, with the small central solid part not more -than 2 to 2·5 cm. thick in the younger branches, glabrous; angles -wing-like, with triangular channels 2 to 4 cm. deep between them, their -margins with a continuous horny nearly even grey border. _Leaves_ -rudimentary, scale-like, about 1 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, transverse, -apiculate; spines 3 to 8 mm. long, in pairs 6 to 18 mm. apart, widely -diverging, grey, with blackish tips; flowering-eyes 3 to 8 mm. above the -spine-pairs; cymes 1 to 3 from the same eye, sessile, each with 3 -involucres, glabrous. _Bracts_ about 3 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, -rounded, concave, usually minutely denticulate; involucres all sessile -and the middle one male, lateral fertile, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, -cup-shaped, glabrous, with 5 glands and 5 erect short transversely -rectangular fringed lobes; glands contiguous, 3 mm. in their greater -diameter, narrowly transverse oblong, very minutely rugulose on the -upper surface; capsule about 6 mm. long and 9 to 12 mm. in diameter, -exserted on a stout pedicel, curved to one side, deeply 3-lobed seen -from above, with laterally compressed lobes, glabrous, dark purple on -the apex and along the angles, having a somewhat fleshy calyx at its -base, with 3 deltoid-ovate acute lobes about 2 mm. long; cell-walls -about 0·5 mm. thick, woody. _Styles_ 2 mm. long, united for two-thirds -of their length, with spreading arms, bifid at the apex; seeds 3 mm. in -diameter, globose, with a raised line in a very slight furrow on one -side, and a small pit at one end, light grey. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 157.--Fig. 1, cross section of stem; Fig. 2, inflorescence; - Fig. 3, male flowers; Fig. 4, male flower with fringed lobe; Fig. - 5, gynaecium of female flower. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _158._] - - - - -PLATE 158. - -LACHENALIA PENDULA. - -_Cape Province._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe SCILLEAE. - -LACHENALIA, _Jacq._; _Benth. et. Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 807. - - * * * * * - -=Lachenalia pendula=, _Ait. Hort. Kew._ vol. i. p. 461; edit. 2, vol. -ii. p. 288; _Fl. Cap._ vol. vi. p. 423. - - * * * * * - -This species of _Lachenalia_ was amongst some of the earliest of the -Cape introductions into the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, having been -sent by Masson in 1774. About the same time, or probably earlier, it was -introduced into the gardens of Holland, and was eventually imported into -England from Holland. In 1801 an excellent figure appeared in the -_Botanical Magazine_ (Plate 590). - -_Lachenalia pendula_ is a robust species of the genus, and is easily -cultivated. It flowers freely under cultivation, and makes a very -effective display. - -Our plate was prepared from specimens grown by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, -C.M.G., from bulbs supplied by Lady Smartt. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ globose, 3·5 cm. in diameter, covered with thin -membranous white tunics. _Leaves_ 2, clasping the base of the stem, up -to 16 cm. long, up to 6 cm. broad below the middle, ovate, bluntly -apiculate. _Peduncle_ (including the flowers) up to 27 cm. long, 8 mm. -in diameter, terete. _Bracts_ small, broadly ovate, membranous. -_Pedicels_ 6 mm. long. _Flowers_ arising from small pockets on the -peduncle, first almost erect, then horizontal and at length pendulous. -_Perianth-tube_ slightly gibbous and oblique at the base; outer segments -3·3 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, oblong-linear, obtuse, with an outstanding -ridge on the back near the apex, of one only; inner segments longer than -the outer, 3·5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad near the apex, obovate-oblong, -almost truncate at the apex. _Stamens_ of two different lengths; the -longer equalling the inner perianth-segments; the shorter slightly -included; filaments terete, glabrous; anthers oblong. _Ovary_ 5 mm. -long, ellipsoid; style slightly exceeding the longer stamens, minutely -capitate at the apex. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 158.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. - 2, part of outer perianth-segment showing transverse ridge; Fig. 3, - part of inner perianth-segment; Fig. 4, stamen; Fig. 5, upper - portion of style; Fig. 6, ovary; Fig. 7, portion of peduncle with - bracts and pockets from which the flowers arise. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _159._] - - - - -PLATE 159. - -CYRTANTHUS GALPINI. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -AMARYLLIDACEAE. Tribe AMARYLLEAE. - -CYRTANTHUS, _Ait._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 729. - - * * * * * - -=Cyrtanthus Galpinii=, _Baker in Kew Bull._ 1892, p. 83; _Fl. Cap._ -vol. vi. p. 227. - - * * * * * - -We have pleasure in figuring for the first time this charming little -_Cyrtanthus_ from the Barberton District of the Transvaal. According to -Mr. G. J. Hofmeyr, B.Sc., of the Forest Department, who collected the -flowers, the plants are found growing in long grass at Kaapse Hoop. The -plant is subsocial, and forms conspicuous pink patches in the veld. Mr. -Hofmeyr informs us that the flowers at Barberton are scarlet, and not -alizams pink (R. C. S), as in the Kaapse Hoop plants. - -The species was first collected by Mr. E. E. Galpin, F.L.S., amongst -rocks on Berea Ridge, near Barberton, in 1889. He describes the flowers -as scarlet, dusted with gold. It flowers during the months of July and -August. - -_C. Galpini_ falls into the same section of the genus as _C. helictus_, -which we figured on Plate 99. - -Our plate was partly prepared from Galpin’s specimens (_Galpin_ 409) and -partly from living flowers collected by Mr. Hofmeyr. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Bulb_ ovoid, 2·5 to 3 mm. in diameter. _Leaves_ appearing -before the flowers, up to 8 cm. long, 2 mm. broad above, narrowing to a -filiform portion below, with a single rib, glabrous. _Peduncle_ 10 to 19 -cm. long, 3 mm. in diameter, terete, very gradually narrowing upwards. -_Bracts_ 2·5 to 3 cm. long, scarious, linear, acuminate. _Flowers_ -solitary, more rarely 2-nate. _Perianth-tube_ with a narrow-cylindric -lower portion 1·5 cm. long, broadening out into a funnel-shaped portion -2 cm. long and 1·3 cm. in diameter at the throat; lobes 2 cm. long, 7 -to 9 mm. broad, oblong, bluntly apiculate, with a very small tuft of -glandular hairs on the apex of three of them. _Stamens_ all arising from -the base of the widened portion of the perianth-tube; filaments of -unequal lengths and attached to the perianth-tube for different -distances, giving the stamens the appearance of being in two rows; -anthers oblong, versatile. _Ovary_ 5 mm. long, ellipsoid; style 3-8 cm. -long, filiform; stigmas 3 mm. long, recurved, papillose on the upper -side. - - * * * * * - - PLATE 159.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; Fig. - 2, portion of a perianth lobe showing apiculus and tuft of - glandular hairs. Fig. 3, ovary. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - -[Illustration: _160._] - - - - -PLATE 160. - -ALOE CHORTOLIRIOIDES. - -_Transvaal._ - - * * * * * - -LILIACEAE. Tribe ALOINEAE. - -ALOE, _Linn._; _Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant._ vol. iii. p. 776. - -=Aloe chortolirioides=, _Berger in Engl. Pflanzenreich, -Liliac-Asphodel-Aloin_. 171 (1908). - - * * * * * - -This graceful little _Aloe_, so far as we are aware, is confined to the -Barberton District of the Transvaal. The plant has a very different -habit from most species in the genus, inasmuch as it grows in large -tufts, and the short stem, covered with the membranous leaf-bases, very -much resembles that of a _Vellozia_. - -We are indebted to Mr. Geo. Thorncroft of Barberton for the specimens -from which the plate was prepared. - -DESCRIPTION:--_Stems_ tufted, covered with the remains of the -leaf-bases; leaves 10 to 20 cm. long, linear from a dilated base, -channelled, with the margins lined with small spines. _Peduncle_ 16 cm. -long, bearing, almost to the base, membranous ovate awned bracts. -_Floral-bracts_ 1·4 cm. long, membranous, ovate, long-acuminate, -distinctly veined. _Pedicels_ articulating at the apex and persistent. -_Perianth_ 3 cm. long, with a cylindric tube and 1-nerved lobes. -_Stamens_ exserted. _Style_ 4 cm. long, filiform, long-exserted in old -flowers (National Herb. 2733). - - * * * * * - - PLATE 160.--Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, - perianth-segments. - - F.P.S.A., 1924. - - - - -INDEX TO VOLUME IV. - - - PLATE - -ALOE CHOKTOLIRIOIDES, 160 - -ALOE PEGLERAE, 149 - -ALOE PETEICOLA, 155 - -ALOE SCHLECHTERI, 151 - -ALOE VERECUNDA, 124 - -ANOIGANTHUS BREVIFLORUS, 144 - -ANSELLIA GIGANTEA, 122 - - -BURCHELLIA BUBALINA, 145 - - -CEROPEGIA AMPLIATA, 140 - -CEROPEGIA SANDERSONI, 143 - -COTYLEDON WICKENSII, 154 - -CRASSULA PORTULACEAE, 156 - -CYRTANTHUS GALPINII, 159 - - -DIPLOCYATHA CILIATA, 137 - - -EULOPHIA LEONTOGLOSSA, 135 - -EUPHORBIA COOPERI, 157 - - -GLADIOLUS LUDWIGII, 125 - - -HABENARIA FOLIOSA, 130 - -HAEMANTHUS KATHABINAE, 136 - - -LACHENALIA PENDULA, 158 - - -MIMETES ARGENTEA, 128 - -MONTBRETIA CROCOSMAEFLORA, 152 - - -NERINE FLEXUOSA, 139 - -NERINE FRITHII, 132 - -NERINE LUCIDA, 134 - - -OXALIS LUPINIFOLIUS, 153 - - -PACHYPODIUM SAUNDERSII, 123 - -PELARGONIUM PULVERULENTUM, 146 - -POLYXENA ENSIFOLIA, 129 - -PROTEA ROUPPELLIAE, 133 - -PSEUDOBAECKEA VIRGATA, 150 - - -RICHARDIA MELANOLEUCA, 141 - - -STAPELIA FLAVOPURPUREA, 121 - -STRUMARIA TRUNCATA, 127 - -SUTERA GRANDIFLORA, 131 - - -THUNBERGIA ALATA, 148 - -THUNBERGIA NATALENSIS, 147 - - -URGINEA BURKEI, 138 - -URGINEA MACROCENTRA, 142 - - -VELTHEIMIA ROODEAE, 126 - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FLOWERING PLANTS OF SOUTH -AFRICA VOL. 4 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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