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diff --git a/7465-h/7465-h.htm b/7465-h/7465-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a35c9af --- /dev/null +++ b/7465-h/7465-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,5098 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title> + Richard of Jamestown, by James Otis + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + .pagenum {display:inline; font-size: 70%; font-style:normal; + margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; + text-align: right;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Richard of Jamestown, by James Otis + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Richard of Jamestown + A Story of the Virginia Colony + +Author: James Otis + +Release Date: July 25, 2009 [EBook #7465] +Last Updated: February 4, 2013 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RICHARD OF JAMESTOWN *** + + + + +Produced by Martin Robb, and David Widger + + + + + + +</pre> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h1> + RICHARD OF JAMESTOWN + </h1> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h2> + by James Otis + </h2> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <blockquote> + <p class="toc"> + <big><b>CONTENTS</b></big> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_FORE"> FOREWORD </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0002"> WHO I AM </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0003"> CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH COMES TO LONDON </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0004"> THE PLANS OF THE LONDON COMPANY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0005"> THE VESSELS OF THE FLEET </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0006"> HOW I EARNED MY PASSAGE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0007"> NATHANIEL'S STORY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0008"> WE MAKE SAIL AGAIN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0009"> THE FIRST ISLAND </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0010"> CAPTAIN SMITH A PRISONER </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0011"> I ATTEND MY MASTER </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0012"> SEVERAL ISLANDS VISITED </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0013"> A VARIETY OF WILD GAME </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0014"> THE TEMPEST </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0015"> THE NEW COUNTRY SIGHTED </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0016"> THE LEADER NOT KNOWN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0017"> ARRIVAL AT CHESAPEAKE BAY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0018"> AN ATTACK BY THE SAVAGES </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0019"> READING THE LONDON COMPANY'S ORDERS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0020"> EXPLORING THE COUNTRY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0021"> THE PEOPLE LAND FROM THE SHIPS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0022"> CAPTAIN SMITH PROVEN INNOCENT </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0023"> WE WHO WERE LEFT BEHIND </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0024"> BAKING BREAD WITHOUT OVENS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0025"> AN UNEQUAL DIVISION OF LABOR </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0026"> BUILDING A HOUSE OF LOGS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0027"> KEEPING HOUSE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0028"> LACK OF CLEANLINESS IN THE VILLAGE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0029"> CAVE HOMES </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0030"> THE GOLDEN FEVER </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0031"> DUCKS AND OYSTERS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0032"> ROASTING OYSTERS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0033"> LEARNING TO COOK OTHER THINGS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0034"> THE SWEET POTATO ROOT </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0035"> A TOUCH OF HOMESICKNESS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0036"> MASTER HUNT'S PREACHING </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0037"> NEGLECTING TO PROVIDE FOR THE FUTURE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0038"> SURPRISED BY SAVAGES </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0039"> STRENGTHENING THE FORT </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0040"> A TIME OF SICKNESS AND DEATH </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0041"> CAPTAIN SMITH GAINS AUTHORITY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0042"> DISAGREEABLE MEASURES OF DISCIPLINE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0043"> SIGNS OF REBELLION </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0044"> THE SECOND PROCLAMATION </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0045"> BUILDING A FORTIFIED VILLAGE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0046"> TRAPPING TURKEYS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0047"> A CRUDE KIND OF CHIMNEY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0048"> COOKING A TURKEY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0049"> CANDLES OR RUSHLIGHTS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0050"> THE VISIT OF POCAHONTAS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0051"> CAPTAIN KENDALL'S PLOT </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0052"> THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN KENDALL </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0053"> CAPTAIN SMITH'S EXPEDITION AND RETURN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0054"> AN EXCITING ADVENTURE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0055"> TAKEN BEFORE POWHATAN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0056"> POCAHONTAS BEGS FOR SMITH'S LIFE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0057"> THE EFFECT OF CAPTAIN SMITH'S RETURN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0058"> A NEW CHURCH </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0059"> CAPTAIN NEWPORT'S RETURN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0060"> GOLD SEEKERS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0061"> A WORTHLESS CARGO </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0062"> THE CONDITION OF THE COLONY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0063"> TOBACCO </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0064"> CAPTAIN NEWPORT'S RETURN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0065"> MASTER HUNT BRINGS GREAT NEWS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0066"> CAPTAIN NEWPORT'S INSTRUCTIONS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0067"> THE STORY OF ROANOKE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0068"> THE CROWNING OF POWHATAN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0069"> PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0070"> STEALING THE COMPANY'S GOODS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0071"> WHAT THE THIEVING LED TO </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0072"> FEAR OF FAMINE IN A LAND OF PLENTY </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0073"> THE UNHEALTHFUL LOCATION </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0074"> GATHERING OYSTERS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0075"> PREPARING STURGEON FOR FOOD </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0076"> TURPENTINE AND TAR </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0077"> THE MAKING OF CLAPBOARDS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0078"> PROVIDING FOR THE CHILDREN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0079"> DREAMS OF THE FUTURE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0080"> A PLAGUE OF RATS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0081"> TREACHERY DURING CAPTAIN SMITH'S ABSENCE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0082"> CAPTAIN SMITH'S SPEECH </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0083"> THE NEW LAWS </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0084"> THE ACCIDENT </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0085"> CAPTAIN SMITH'S DEPARTURE </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0086"> THE "STARVING TIME" </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0087"> OUR COURAGE GIVES OUT </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0088"> ABANDONING JAMESTOWN </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0089"> LORD DE LA WARR'S ARRIVAL </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0090"> THE YOUNG PLANTERS </a> + </p> + </blockquote> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> <a name="link2H_FORE" id="link2H_FORE"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <h2> + FOREWORD + </h2> + <p> + The purpose of this series of stories is to show the children, and even + those who have already taken up the study of history, the home life of the + colonists with whom they meet in their books. To this end every effort has + been made to avoid anything savoring of romance, and to deal only with + facts, so far as that is possible, while describing the daily life of + those people who conquered the wilderness whether for conscience sake or + for gain. + </p> + <p> + That the stories may appeal more directly to the children, they are told + from the viewpoint of a child, and purport to have been related by a + child. Should any criticism be made regarding the seeming neglect to + mention important historical facts, the answer would be that these books + are not sent out as histories—although it is believed that they will + awaken a desire to learn more of the building of the nation—and only + such incidents as would be particularly noted by a child are used. + </p> + <p> + Surely it is entertaining as well as instructive for young people to read + of the toil and privations in the homes of those who came into a new world + to build up a country for themselves, and such homely facts are not to be + found in the real histories of our land. + </p> + <p> + JAMES OTIS. <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> <a name="link2H_4_0002" id="link2H_4_0002"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <h2> + WHO I AM + </h2> + <p> + Yes, my name is Richard Mutton. Sounds rather queer, doesn't it? The lads + in London town used to vex me sorely by calling, "Baa, baa, black sheep," + whenever I passed them, and yet he who will may find the name Richard + Mutton written in the list of those who were sent to Virginia, in the new + world, by the London Company, on the nineteenth day of December, in the + year of Our Lord, 1606. + </p> + <p> + Whosoever may chance to read what I am here setting down, will, perhaps, + ask how it happened that a lad only ten years of age was allowed to sail + for that new world in company with such a band of adventurous men as + headed the enterprise. + </p> + <p> + Therefore it is that I must tell a certain portion of the story of my + life, for the better understanding of how I came to be in this fair, wild, + savage beset land of Virginia. + </p> + <p> + Yet I was not the only boy who sailed in the Susan Constant, as you may + see by turning to the list of names, which is under the care, even to this + day, of the London Company, for there you will find written in clerkly + hand the names Samuel Collier, Nathaniel Peacock, James Brumfield, and + Richard Mutton. Nathaniel Peacock has declared more than once that my name + comes last in the company at the very end of all, because I was not a full + grown mutton; but only large enough to be called a sheep's tail, and + therefore should be hung on behind, as is shown by the list. + </p> + <p> + The reason of my being in this country of Virginia at so young an age, is + directly concerned with that brave soldier and wondrous adventurer, + Captain John Smith, of whom I make no doubt the people in this new world, + when the land has been covered with towns and villages, will come to know + right well, for of a truth he is a wonderful man. In the sixth month of + Grace, 1606, I Was living as best I might in that great city of London, + which is as much a wilderness of houses, as this country is a wilderness + of trees. My father was a soldier of fortune, which means that he stood + ready to do battle in behalf of whatsoever nation he believed was in the + right, or, perhaps, on the side of those people who would pay him the most + money for risking his life. + </p> + <p> + He had fought with the Dutch soldiers under command of one Captain Miles + Standish, an Englishman of renown among men of arms, and had been killed. + My mother died less than a week before the news was brought that my father + had been shot to death. Not then fully understanding how great a disaster + it is to a young lad when he loses father or mother, and how yet more sad + is his lot when he has lost both parents, I made shift to live as best I + might with a sore heart; but yet not so sore as if I had known the full + extent of the misfortune which had overtaken me. + </p> + <p> + At first it was an easy matter for me to get food at the home of this lad, + or of that, among my acquaintances, sleeping wherever night overtook me; + but, finally, when mayhap three months had gone by, my welcome was worn + threadbare, and I was told by more than one, that a hulking lad of ten + years should have more pride than to beg his way from door to door. + </p> + <p> + It is with shame I here set down the fact, that many weeks passed before I + came to understand, in ever so slight a degree, what a milksop I must be, + thus eating the bread of idleness when I should have won the right, by + labor, to a livelihood in this world. + </p> + <p> + This last thought had just begun to take root in my heart when Nathaniel + Peacock, whose mother had been a good friend of mine during a certain time + after I was made an orphan, and I, heard that a remarkably brave soldier + was in the city of London, making ready to go into the new world, with the + intent to build there a town for the king. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0003" id="link2H_4_0003"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH COMES TO LONDON + </h2> + <p> + This man was no other than Captain John Smith, who, although at this time + not above six and twenty years of age, had already served in the French, + in the Dutch, and in the Transylvanian armies, where he had met and + overcome many dangers. + </p> + <p> + He had been robbed and beaten and thrown into the sea because of not + believing in the religion of the men who attacked him; he had been a slave + among the Turks; he had fought, one after another, three of the bravest in + the Turkish army, and had cut off the head of each in turn. + </p> + <p> + Can it be wondered at that Nathaniel Peacock and I were filled to + overflowing with admiration for this wonderful soldier, or that we desired + above all things to see him? + </p> + <p> + We loitered about the streets of London town from daylight until night had + come again, hoping to feast our eyes upon this same John Smith, who was to + us one of the wonders of the world, because in so short a time he had made + his name as a soldier famous in all countries, and yet we saw him not. + </p> + <p> + We had searched London town over and over for mayhap a full month, doing + nothing else save hunt for the man whose life had been so filled with + adventure, and each time we returned home, Mistress Peacock reproached me + with being an idle good for nothing, and Nathaniel but little better. + </p> + <p> + I believe it was her harsh words which caused to spring up in my heart a + desire to venture into the new world, where it was said gold could be + found in abundance, and even the smallest lad might pick up whatsoever of + wealth he desired, if so be his heart was strong enough to brave the + journey across the great ocean. + </p> + <p> + The more I thought of what could be found in that land, which was called + Virginia, the stronger grew my desire, until the time came when it was a + fixed purpose in my mind, and not until then did I breathe to Nathaniel a + word of that which had been growing within me. + </p> + <p> + He took fire straightway I spoke of what it might be possible for us lads + to do, and declared that whether his mother were willing or no, he would + brave all the dangers of that terrible journey overseas, if so be we found + an opportunity. To him it seemed a simple matter that, having once found a + ship which was to sail for the far off land, we might hide ourselves + within her, having gathered sufficient of food to keep us alive during the + journey. But how this last might be done, his plans had not been made. + </p> + <p> + Lest I should set down too many words, and therefore bring upon myself the + charge of being one who can work with his tongue better than with his + hands, I will pass over all that which Nathaniel and I did during the long + time we roamed the streets, in the hope of coming face to face with + Captain Smith. + </p> + <p> + It is enough if I set it down at once that we finally succeeded in our + purpose, having come upon him one certain morning on Cheapside, when there + was a fight on among some apprentices, and the way so blocked that neither + he nor any other could pass through the street, until the quarrelsome + fellows were done playing upon each other's heads with sticks and stones. + </p> + <p> + It seemed much as if fortune had at last consented to smile upon us, for + we were standing directly in front of the great man. + </p> + <p> + I know not how it chanced that I, a lad whose apparel was far from being + either cleanly or whole, should have dared to raise my voice in speech + with one who was said to have talked even with a king. Yet so I did, + coming without many words to that matter which had been growing these many + days in my mind, and mayhap it was the very suddenness of the words that + caught his fancy. + </p> + <p> + "Nathaniel Peacock and I are minded to go with you into that new world, + Captain John Smith, if so be you permit us," I said, "and there we will + serve you with honesty and industry." + </p> + <p> + There was a smile come upon his face as I spoke, and he looked down upon + Nathaniel and me, who were wedged among that throng which watched the + apprentices quarrel, until we were like to be squeezed flat, and said in + what I took to be a friendly tone: + </p> + <p> + "So, my master, you would journey into Virginia with the hope of making + yourself rich, and you not out from under your mother's apron as yet?" + </p> + <p> + "I have no mother to wear an apron, Captain Smith, nor father to say I may + go there or shall come here; but yet would serve you as keenly as might + any man, save mayhap my strength, which will increase, be not so great as + would be found in those older." + </p> + <p> + Whether this valiant soldier was pleased with my words, or if in good + truth boys were needed in the enterprise, I cannot say; but certain it is + he spoke me fairly, writing down upon a piece of paper, which he tore from + his tablets, the name of the street in which he had lodgings, and asking, + as he handed it to me, if I could read. + </p> + <p> + Now it was that I gave silent thanks, because of what had seemed to me a + hardship when my mother forced me to spend so many hours each day in + learning to use a quill, until I was able to write a clerkly hand. + </p> + <p> + It seemed to please this great soldier that I could do what few of the + lads in that day had been taught to master, and, without further ado, he + said to me boldly: + </p> + <p> + "You shall journey into Virginia with me, an' it please you, lad. What is + more, I will take upon myself the charge of outfitting you, and time shall + tell whether you have enough of manliness in you to repay me the cost." + </p> + <p> + Then it was that Nathaniel raised his voice; but the captain gave him no + satisfaction, declaring it was the duty of a true lad to stand by his + mother, and that he would lend his aid to none who had a home, and in it + those who cared for him. + </p> + <p> + I could have talked with this brave soldier until the night had come, and + would never have wearied of asking concerning what might be found in that + new world of Virginia; but it so chanced that when the business was thus + far advanced, the apprentices were done with striving to break each + other's heads, and Captain Smith, bidding me come to his house next + morning, went his way. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0004" id="link2H_4_0004"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE PLANS OF THE LONDON COMPANY + </h2> + <p> + Then it was that Nathaniel declared he also would go on the voyage to + Virginia, whether it pleased Captain Smith or no, and I, who should have + set my face against his running away from home, spoke no word to oppose + him, because it would please me to have him as comrade. + </p> + <p> + After this I went more than once to the house where Captain Smith lodged, + and learned very much concerning what it was proposed to do toward + building a town in the new world. + </p> + <p> + Both Nathaniel and I had believed it was the king who counted to send all + these people overseas; but I learned from my new master that a company of + London merchants was in charge of the enterprise, these merchants + believing much profit might come to them in the way of getting gold. + </p> + <p> + The whole business was to be under the control of Captain Bartholomew + Gosnold, who, it was said, had already made one voyage to the new world, + and had brought back word that it was a goodly place in which to settle + and to build up towns. The one chosen to act as admiral of the fleet, for + there were to be three ships instead of one, as I had fancied, was Captain + Christopher Newport, a man who had no little fame as a seaman. + </p> + <p> + In due time, as the preparations for the voyage were being forwarded, I + was sent by my master into lodgings at Blackwall, just below London town, + for the fleet lay nearby, and because it was understood by those in charge + of the adventure that I was in Captain Smith's service, no hindrance was + made to my going on board the vessels. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0005" id="link2H_4_0005"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE VESSELS OF THE FLEET + </h2> + <p> + These were three in number, as I have already said: the Constant, a ship + of near to one hundred tons in size; the Goodspeed, of forty tons, and the + Discovery, which was a pinnace of only twenty tons. + </p> + <p> + And now, lest some who read what I have set down may not be acquainted + with the words used by seamen, let me explain that the measurement of a + vessel by tons, means that she will fill so much space in the water. Now, + in measuring a vessel, a ton is reckoned as forty cubic feet of space, + therefore when I say the Susan Constant was one hundred tons in size, it + is the same as if I had set down that she would carry four thousand cubic + feet of cargo. + </p> + <p> + That he who reads may know what I mean by a pinnace, as differing from a + ship, I can best make it plain by saying that such a craft is an open + boat, wherein may be used sails or oars, and, as in the case of the + Discovery, may have a deck over a certain portion of her length. That our + pinnace was a vessel able to withstand such waves as would be met with in + the ocean, can be believed when you remember that she was one half the + size of the Goodspeed, which we counted a ship. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0006" id="link2H_4_0006"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + HOW I EARNED MY PASSAGE + </h2> + <p> + Captain Smith, my master, found plenty of work for me during the weeks + before the fleet sailed. He had many matters to be set down in writing, + and because of my mother's care in teaching me to use the quill, I was + able, or so it seemed to me, to be of no little aid to him in those busy + days, when it was as if he must do two or three things at the same time in + order to bring his business to an end. I learned during that time to care + very dearly for this valiant soldier, who could, when the fit was on him, + be as tender and kind as a girl, and again, when he was crossed, as stern + a man as one might find in all London town. + </p> + <p> + Because of my labors, and it pleased me greatly that I could do somewhat + toward forwarding the adventure, I had no time in which to search for my + friend, Nathaniel Peacock, although I did not cease to hope that he would + try to find me. + </p> + <p> + I had parted with him in the city, and he knew right well where I was + going; yet, so far as I could learn, he had never come to Blackwall. + </p> + <p> + I had no doubt but that I could find him in the city, and it was in my + mind, at the first opportunity, to seek him out, if for no other reason + than that we might part as comrades should, for he had been a true friend + to me when my heart was sore; but from the moment the sailors began to put + the cargo on board the Susan Constant and the Goodspeed, I had no chance + to wander around Blackwall, let alone journeying to London. + </p> + <p> + Then came the twentieth of December, when we were to set sail, and great + was the rejoicing among the people, who believed that we would soon build + up a city in the new world, which would be of great wealth and advantage + to those in England. + </p> + <p> + I heard it said, although I myself was not on shore to see what was done, + that in all the churches prayers were made for our safe journeying, and + there was much marching to and fro of soldiers, as if some great + merrymaking were afoot. + </p> + <p> + The shore was lined with people; booths were set up where showmen + displayed for pay many curious things, and food and sweetmeats were on + sale here and there, for so large a throng stood in need of refreshment as + well as amusement. + </p> + <p> + It was a wondrous spectacle to see all these people nearby on the shore, + knowing they had come for no other purpose than to look at us, and I took + no little pride to myself because of being numbered among the adventurers, + even vainly fancying that many wondered what part a boy could have in such + an undertaking. + </p> + <p> + Then we set sail, I watching in vain for a glimpse of Nathaniel Peacock as + the ships got under way. Finally, sadly disappointed, and with the + sickness of home already in my heart, I went into the forward part of the + ship, where was my sleeping place, thinking that very shortly we should be + tossing and tumbling on the mighty waves of the ocean. + </p> + <p> + In this I was mistaken, for the wind was contrary to our purpose, and we + lay in the Downs near six weeks, while Master Hunt, the preacher, who had + joined the company that he might labor for the good of our souls; lay so + nigh unto death in the cabin of the Susan Constant, that I listened during + all the waking hours of the night, fearing to hear the tolling of the + ship's bell, which would tell that he had gone from among the living. + </p> + <p> + It was on the second night, after we were come to anchor in the Downs + awaiting a favorable wind, that I, having fallen asleep while wishing + Nathaniel Peacock might have been with us, was awakened by the pressure of + a cold hand upon my cheek. I was near to crying aloud with fear, for the + first thought that came was that Master Hunt had gone from this world, and + was summoning me; but before the cry could escape my lips, I heard the + whispered words: "It is me, Nate Peacock!" + </p> + <p> + It can well be guessed that I was sitting bolt upright in the narrow bed, + which sailors call a bunk, by the time this had been said, and in the + gloom of the seamen's living place I saw a head close to mine. + </p> + <p> + Not until I had passed my hands over the face could I believe it was + indeed my comrade, and it goes without saying that straightway I insisted + on knowing how he came there, when he should have been in London town. + </p> + <p> + I cannot set the story down as Nathaniel Peacock told it to me on that + night, because his words were many; but the tale ran much like this: + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0007" id="link2H_4_0007"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + NATHANIEL'S STORY + </h2> + <p> + When Captain John Smith had promised on Cheapside that I should be one of + the company of adventurers, because of such labor as it might be possible + for me to perform, and had refused to listen to my comrade, Nathaniel, + without acquainting me with the fact, had made up his mind that he also + would go into the new world of Virginia. + </p> + <p> + Fearing lest I would believe it my duty to tell Captain Smith of his + purpose, he kept far from me, doing whatsoever he might in London town to + earn as much as would provide him with food during a certain time. + </p> + <p> + In this he succeeded so far as then seemed necessary, and when it was + known that the fleet was nearly ready to make sail, he came to Blackwall + with all his belongings tied in his doublet. + </p> + <p> + To get on board the Susan Constant without attracting much attention while + she was being visited by so many curious people, was not a hard task for + Nathaniel Peacock, and three days before the fleet was got under way, my + comrade had hidden himself in the very foremost part of the ship, where + were stored the ropes and chains. + </p> + <p> + There he had remained until thirst, or hunger, drove him out, on this + night of which I am telling you, and he begged that I go on deck, where + were the scuttle butts, to get him a pannikin of water. + </p> + <p> + For those of you who may not know what a scuttle butt is, I will explain + that it is a large cask in which fresh water is kept on shipboard. When + Nathaniel's burning thirst had been soothed, he began to fear that I might + give information to Captain John Smith concerning him; but after all that + had been done in the way of hiding himself, and remembering his suffering, + I had not the heart so to do. + </p> + <p> + During four days more he spent all the hours of sunshine, and the greater + portion of the night, in my bed, closely covered so that the sailors might + not see him, and then came the discovery, when he was dragged out with + many a blow and harsh word to give an account of himself. I fear it would + have gone harder still with Nathaniel, if I had not happened to be there + at that very moment. + </p> + <p> + As it was, I went directly to Captain John Smith, my master, telling him + all Nathaniel's story, and asking if the lad had not shown himself made of + the proper stuff to be counted on as one of the adventurers. + </p> + <p> + Although hoping to succeed in my pleading, I was surprised when the + captain gave a quick consent to number the lad among those who were to go + into the new land of Virginia, and was even astonished when his name was + written down among others as if he had been pledged to the voyage in due + form. + </p> + <p> + But for the sickness of Master Hunt, and the fear we had lest he should + die, Nathaniel and I might have made exceeding merry while we lay at + anchor in the Downs, for food was plentiful; there was little of work to + be done, and we lads could have passed the time skylarking with such of + the sailors as were disposed to sport, except orders had been given that + no undue noise be made on deck. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0008" id="link2H_4_0008"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + WE MAKE SAIL AGAIN + </h2> + <p> + It seemed to me almost as if we spent an entire lifetime within sight of + the country we were minded to leave behind us, and indeed six weeks, with + no change of scene, and while one is held to the narrow limits of a ship, + is an exceeding long time. + </p> + <p> + However, as I have heard Captain Smith say again and again, everything + comes to him who waits, and so also came that day when the winds were + favoring; when Captain Newport, the admiral of our fleet, gave the word to + make sail, and we sped softly away from England's shores, little dreaming + of that time of suffering, of sickness, and of sadness which was before + us. + </p> + <p> + To Nathaniel and me, who had never strayed far from London town, and knew + no more of the sea than might have been gained in a boatman's wherry, the + ocean was exceeding unkind, and for eight and forty hours did we lie in + that narrow bed, believing death was very near at hand. + </p> + <p> + There is no reason why I should make any attempt at describing the + sickness which was upon us, for I have since heard that it comes to all + who go out on the sea for the first time. When we recovered, it was + suddenly, like as a flower lifts up its head after a refreshing shower + that has pelted it to the ground. + </p> + <p> + I would I might set down here all which came to us during the voyage, for + it was filled with wondrous happenings; but because I would tell of what + we did in the land of Virginia, I must be sparing of words now. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0009" id="link2H_4_0009"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE FIRST ISLAND + </h2> + <p> + It is to be remembered that our fleet left London on the twentieth day of + December, and, as I have since heard Captain Smith read from the pages + which he wrote concerning the voyage, it was on the twenty-third of March + that we were come to the island of Martinique, where for the first time + Nathaniel Peacock and I saw living savages. + </p> + <p> + When we were come to anchor, they paddled out to our ships in frail boats + called canoes, bringing many kinds of most delicious fruits, which we + bought for such trumpery things as glass beads and ornaments of copper. + </p> + <p> + It was while we lay off this island that we saw a whale attacked and + killed by a thresher and a swordfish, which was a wondrous sight. + </p> + <p> + And now was a most wicked deed done by those who claimed to be in command + of our company, for they declared that my master had laid a plot with some + of the men in each vessel of the fleet, whereby the principal members of + the company were to be murdered, to the end that Captain Smith might set + himself up as king after we were come to the new world. + </p> + <p> + All this was untrue, as I knew full well, having aided him in such work as + a real clerk would have done, and had there been a plot, I must have found + some inkling of it in one of the many papers I read aloud to him, or + copied down on other sheets that the work of the quill might be more + pleasing to the eye. + </p> + <p> + Besides that, I had been with the captain a goodly portion of the time + while the ships were being made ready for the voyage, and if he had + harbored so much of wickedness, surely must some word of it have come to + me, who sat or stood near at hand, listening attentively whenever he had + speech with others of the company of adventurers. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0010" id="link2H_4_0010"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN SMITH A PRISONER + </h2> + <p> + When the voyage was begun, and the captain no longer had need of me, I was + sent into the forward part of the ship to live, as has already been set + down, and therefore it was I knew nothing of what was being done in the + great cabin, where the leaders of the company were quartered, until after + my master was made a prisoner. Then it was told me by the seaman who had + been called by Captain Kendall, as if it was feared my master, being such + a great soldier, might strive to harm those who miscalled him a traitor to + that which he had sworn. + </p> + <p> + It seems, so the seaman said, that Captain John Martin was the one who + made the charges against my master, on the night after we set sail from + Martinique, when all the chief men of the company were met in the great + cabin, and he declared that, when it was possible to do so, meaning after + we had come to the land of Virginia, witnesses should be brought from the + other ships to prove the wicked intent. Then it was that Captain George + Kendall declared my master must be kept a close prisoner until the matter + could be disposed of, and all the others, save Captain Bartholomew + Gosnold, agreeing, heavy irons were put upon him. He was shut up in his + sleeping place, having made no outcry nor attempt to do any harm, save + that he declared himself innocent of wrong doing. + </p> + <p> + But for Captain Gosnold and Master Hunt, the preacher, I should not have + been permitted to go in and learn if I might do anything for his comfort. + The other leaders declared that my master was a dangerous man, who should + not be allowed to have speech with any person save themselves, lest he + send some message to those who were said to be concerned with him in the + plot. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0011" id="link2H_4_0011"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + I ATTEND MY MASTER + </h2> + <p> + Master Hunt spoke up right manfully in behalf of Captain Smith, with the + result that I was given free entrance to that small room which had been + made his prison, save that I must at all times leave the door open, so + those who were in the great cabin could hear if I was charged with any + message to the seamen. + </p> + <p> + My eyes were filled with tears when my master told me that he had no + thought save that of benefiting those who were with him in the adventure, + and that he would not lend his countenance to any wicked plot. + </p> + <p> + I begged him to understand that I knew right well he would do no manner of + wrong to any man, and asked the privilege of being with him all the time, + to serve him when he could not serve himself because of the irons that + fettered his legs. + </p> + <p> + And so it was that I had opportunity to do that which made my master as + true a friend as ever lad had, for in the later days when we were come to + Virginia and beset by savages more cruel than wild beasts, he ventured his + own life again and again to save mine, which was so worthless as compared + with his. + </p> + <p> + Only that I might tell how the voyage progressed, did I go on deck, or + have speech with Nathaniel Peacock, and only through me did my master know + when we were come to this island or that, together with what was to be + seen in such places. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0012" id="link2H_4_0012"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + SEVERAL ISLANDS VISITED + </h2> + <p> + Therefore it was that when, on the next day after he was made a prisoner, + we were come to anchor off that island which the savages called + Gaudaloupe, and Nathaniel had been permitted to go on shore in one of the + boats, I could tell my master of the wondrous waters which were found + there. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel told me that water spouted up out of the earth so hot, that when + Captain Newport threw into it a piece of pork tied to a rope, the meat was + cooked in half an hour, even as if it had been over a roaring hot fire. + </p> + <p> + After that we passed many islands, the names of which I could not + discover, until we came to anchor within half a musket shot from the shore + of that land which is known as Nevis. Here we lay six days, and the chief + men of the company went on shore for sport and to hunt, save always either + Captain Martin or Captain Kendall, who remained on board to watch the poor + prisoner, while he, my master, lay in his narrow bed sweltering under the + great heat. + </p> + <p> + During all this while, the seamen and our gentlemen got much profit and + sport from hunting and fishing, adding in no small degree to our store of + food. Had Captain Smith not been kept from going on shore by the + wickedness of those who were jealous because of his great fame as a + soldier, I dare venture to say our stay at this island of Nevis would have + been far more to our advantage. + </p> + <p> + From this place we went to what Master Hunt told me were the Virgin + islands, and here the men went ashore again to hunt; but my master, + speaking no harsh words against those who were wronging him, lay in the + small, stinging hot room, unable to get for himself even a cup of water, + though I took good care he should not suffer from lack of kindly care. + </p> + <p> + Then on a certain day we sailed past that land which Captain Gosnold told + me was Porto Rico, and next morning came to anchor off the island of Mona, + where the seamen were sent ashore to get fresh water, for our supply was + running low. + </p> + <p> + Captain Newport, and many of the other gentlemen, went on shore to hunt, + and so great was the heat that Master Edward Brookes fell down dead, one + of the sailors telling Nathaniel that the poor man's fat was melted until + he could no longer live; but Captain Smith, who knows more concerning such + matters than all this company rolled into one, save I might except Master + Hunt, declared that the fat of a live person does not melt, however great + the heat. It is the sun shining too fiercely on one's head that brings + about death, and thus it was that Master Brookes died. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0013" id="link2H_4_0013"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A VARIETY OF WILD GAME + </h2> + <p> + Our gentlemen who had the heart to make prisoner of so honest, upright a + man as my master, did not cease their sport because of what had befallen + Master Brookes, but continued at the hunting until they had brought down + two wild boars and also an animal fashioned like unto nothing I had ever + seen before. It was something after the manner of a serpent, but speckled + on the stomach as is a toad, and Captain Smith believed the true name of + it to be Iguana, the like of which he says that he has often seen in other + countries and that its flesh makes very good eating. + </p> + <p> + If any one save Captain Smith had said this, I should have found it hard + to believe him, and as it was I was glad my belief was not put to the + test. Two days afterward we were come to an island which Master Hunt says + is known to seamen as Monica, and there it was that Nathaniel went on + shore in one of the boats, coming back at night to tell me a most wondrous + story. + </p> + <p> + He declared that the birds and their eggs were so plentiful that the whole + island was covered with them; that one could not set down his foot, save + upon eggs, or birds sitting on their nests, some of which could hardly be + driven away even with blows, and when they rose in the air, the noise made + by their wings was so great as to deafen a person. + </p> + <p> + Our seamen loaded two boats full of the eggs in three hours, and all in + the fleet feasted for several days on such as had not yet been spoiled by + the warmth of the birds' bodies. + </p> + <p> + It was on the next day that we left behind us those islands which Captain + Smith told me were the West Indies, and the seaman who stood at the helm + when I came on deck to get water for my master, said we were steering a + northerly course, which would soon bring us to the land of Virginia. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0014" id="link2H_4_0014"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE TEMPEST + </h2> + <p> + On that very night, however, such a tempest of wind and of rain came upon + us that I was not the only one who believed the Susan Constant must be + crushed like an eggshell under the great mountains of water which at times + rolled completely over her, so flooding the decks that but few could + venture out to do whatsoever of work was needed to keep the ship afloat. + After this fierce tempest, when the Lord permitted that even our pinnace + should ride in safety, it was believed that we were come near to the new + world, and by day and by night the seamen stood at the rail, throwing the + lead every few minutes in order to discover if we were venturing into + shoal water. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel and I used to stand by watching them, and wishing that we might + be allowed to throw the line, but never quite getting up our courage to + say so, knowing full well we should probably make a tangle of it. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0015" id="link2H_4_0015"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE NEW COUNTRY SIGHTED + </h2> + <p> + As Master George Percy has set down in the writings which I have copied + for him since we came to Virginia, it was on the twenty-sixth day of + April, in the year of our Lord 1607, at about four o'clock in the morning, + when we were come within sight of that land where were to be built homes, + not only for our company of one hundred and five, counting the boys, but + for all who should come after us. + </p> + <p> + It was while the ship lay off the land, her decks crowded with our company + who fain would get the first clear view of that country in which they were + to live, if the savages permitted, that I asked my master who among the + gentlemen of the cabin was the leader in this adventure. + </p> + <p> + To my surprise, he told me that it was not yet known. The London Company + had made an election of those among the gentlemen who should form the new + government, and had written down the names, together with instructions as + to what should be done; but this writing was enclosed in a box which was + not to be opened until we had come to the end of our voyage. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0016" id="link2H_4_0016"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE LEADER NOT KNOWN + </h2> + <p> + There could be no doubt but that Captain Kendall and Captain Martin both + believed that when the will of the London Company was made known, it would + be found they stood in high command; but there was in my heart a great + hope that my master might have been named. Yet when I put the matter to + him in so many words, he treated the matter lightly, saying it could + hardly be, else they had not dared to treat him thus shamefully. + </p> + <p> + However, it was soon to be known, if the commands of the London Company + were obeyed, for now we had come to this new land of Virginia, and the + time was near at hand when would be opened the box containing the names of + those who were to be officers in the town we hoped soon to build. + </p> + <p> + As for myself, I was so excited it seemed impossible to remain quiet many + seconds in one place, and I fear that my duties, which consisted only in + waiting upon the prisoner, my master, were sadly neglected because of the + anxiety in my mind to know who the merchants in London had named as rulers + of the settlement about to be made in the new world. + </p> + <p> + One would have believed from Captain Smith's manner that he had no concern + whatsoever as to the result of all this wickedness and scheming, for it + was neither more nor less than such, as I looked at the matter, on the + part of Captain Kendall and Captain Martin. + </p> + <p> + Here we were in sight of the new world, at a place where we were to live + all the remainder of our lives, and he a prisoner in chains; but yet never + a word of complaint came from his lips. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0017" id="link2H_4_0017"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + ARRIVAL AT CHESAPEAKE BAY + </h2> + <p> + When the day had fully dawned, and the fleet stood in toward the noble + bay, between two capes, which were afterward named Cape Henry and Cape + Comfort, Captain Smith directed me to go on deck, in order to keep him + informed of what might be happening. + </p> + <p> + He told me there was no question in his mind but that we were come to the + mouth of Chesapeake Bay, where it had been agreed with the London + merchants we were to go on shore. + </p> + <p> + Standing at the head of the companionway, but not venturing out on deck + lest I should be sent to some other part of the ship, and thus be unable + to give my master the information which he desired, I looked out upon what + seemed to me the most goodly land that could be found in all the wide + world. + </p> + <p> + Trees there were of size fit for masts to the king's ships; flowers + bordered the shore until there were seemingly great waves of this color, + or of that, as far as eye could reach, and set within this dazzling array + of green and gold, and of red and yellow, was a great sea, which Captain + Smith said was called the Chesapeake Bay. + </p> + <p> + We entered for some distance, mayhap three or four miles, before coming to + anchor, and then Master Wingfield, Captain Gosnold, and Captain Newport + went on shore with a party of thirty, made up of seamen and gentlemen, and + my master, who had not so much as stretched his legs since we sailed from + Martinique, was left in his narrow cabin with none but me to care for him! + </p> + <p> + I had thought they would open the box containing the instructions from + London, before doing anything else; but Captain Smith was of the mind that + such business could wait until they had explored sufficiently to find a + place where the new town might be built. + </p> + <p> + It was a long, weary, anxious day for me. The party had left the ship in + the morning, remaining absent until nightfall, and at least four or five + times every hour did I run up from the cabin to gaze shoreward in the hope + of seeing them return, for I was most eager to have the business pushed + forward, and to know whether my master's enemies were given, by the London + Company, permission to do whatsoever they pleased. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0018" id="link2H_4_0018"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + AN ATTACK BY THE SAVAGES + </h2> + <p> + Just after sunset, and before the darkness of night closed in, those who + had been on shore came back very hurriedly and in disorder, bringing with + them in the foremost boat, two wounded men. + </p> + <p> + "They have had a battle with some one, Master," I reported, before yet the + boats were come alongside, and for the first time that day did Captain + Smith appear to be deeply concerned. I heard him say as if to himself, not + intending that the words should reach me: + </p> + <p> + "Lack of caution in dealing with the savages is like to cost us dearly." + </p> + <p> + Half an hour later I heard all the story from Nathaniel Peacock, who had + believed himself fortunate when he was allowed to accompany the party on + shore. + </p> + <p> + According to his account, the company from the fleet roamed over much of + the land during the day, finding fair meadows and goodly trees, with + streams of fresh water here and there bespeaking fish in abundance. + </p> + <p> + Nothing was seen or heard to disturb our people until the signal had been + given for all to go on board the boats, that they might return to the + ships, and then it was that a number of naked, brown men, creeping upon + their hands and knees like animals, with bows and arrows held between + their teeth, came out suddenly from amid the foliage to the number, as + Nathaniel declared, of not less than an hundred. + </p> + <p> + While the white men stood dismayed, awaiting some order from those who + chose to call themselves leaders, the savages shot a multitude of arrows + into the midst of the company, wounding Captain Gabriel Archer in both his + hands, and dangerously hurting one of the seamen. + </p> + <p> + Captain Gosnold gave command for the firearms to be discharged, whereupon + the savages disappeared suddenly, and without delay our people returned to + the fleet. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0019" id="link2H_4_0019"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + READING THE LONDON COMPANY'S ORDERS + </h2> + <p> + An hour later, when those who had just come from the shore had been + refreshed with food, I noted with much of anxiety that all the gentlemen + of the company, not only such as belonged on board the Susan Constant, but + those from the Speedwell, gathered in the great cabin of our ship, and, + looking out ever so cautiously, while the door of Captain Smith's room was + ajar, I saw them gather around the big table on which, as if it were + something of greatest value, was placed a box made of some dark colored + wood. + </p> + <p> + It was Master Hunt who opened this, and, taking out a paper, he read in a + voice so loud that even my master, as he lay in his narrow bed, could hear + the names of those who were chosen by the London Company to form the + Council for the government of the new land of Virginia. + </p> + <p> + These are the names as he read them: Bartholomew Gosnold, Edward + Wingfield, Christopher Newport, John Smith, John Ratcliffe, John Martin + and George Kendall. + </p> + <p> + My heart seemingly leaped into my throat with triumph when I thus heard + the name of my master among those who were to stand as leaders of the + company, and so excited had I become that that which Master Hunt read from + the remainder of the paper failed to attract my attention. + </p> + <p> + I learned afterward, however, that among the rules governing the actions + of this Council, was one that a President should be chosen each year, and + that matters of moment were to be determined by vote of the Council, in + which the President might cast two ballots. + </p> + <p> + It was when Master Hunt ceased reading that I believed my master would be + set free without delay, for of a verity he had the same right to take part + in the deliberations as any other, since it was the will of the London + Company that he should be one of the leaders; but much to my surprise + nothing of the kind was done. Captain Kendall, seeing the door of my + master's room slightly open, arose from the table and closed it, as if he + were about to say something which should not be heard by Captain Smith. + </p> + <p> + I would have opened the door again, but that my master bade me leave it + closed, and when an hour or more had passed, Master Hunt came in to us, + stating that it had not yet been decided by the other members of the + Council whether Captain Smith should be allowed to take part in the + affairs, as the London Company had decided, or whether he should be sent + home for judgment when the fleet returned. But meanwhile he was to have + his liberty. + </p> + <p> + Then it was that Master Hunt, talking like the true man he ever showed + himself to be, advised Captain Smith to do in all things, so far as the + other members of the Council permitted, as if nothing had gone awry, + claiming that before we had been many days in this land, those who had + brought charges against him would fail of making them good. + </p> + <p> + Had I been the one thus so grievously injured, the whole company might + have shipwrecked themselves before I would have raised a hand, all of + which goes to show that I had not learned to rule my temper. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith, however, agreed with all Master Hunt said, and then it was + that I was sent forward once more. My master went on deck for the first + time since we had left Martinique, walking to and fro swiftly, as if it + pleased him to have command of his legs once more. + </p> + <p> + If Master Hunt and Master Wingfield had been able to bring the others + around to their way of thinking, Captain Smith would have taken his + rightful place in the Council without delay. Instead of which, however, he + remained on board the ship idle, when there was much that he could have + done better than any other, from the day on which we came in sight of + Virginia, which was the fifteenth day of April, until the twenty-sixth day + of June. + </p> + <p> + During all this time, those of the Council who were his enemies claimed + that they could prove he had laid plans to murder all the chief men, and + take his place as king; but yet they did not do so, and my master refused + to hold any parley with them, except that he claimed he was innocent of + all wrong in thought or in act. + </p> + <p> + When the others of the fleet set off to spy out the land, my master + remained aboard the ship, still being a prisoner, except so far that he + wore no fetters, and I would not have left him save he had commanded me + sharply, for at that time, so sore was his heart, that even a lad like me + could now and then say some word which might have in it somewhat of cheer. + </p> + <p> + During this time that Captain Smith was with the company and yet not + numbered as one of them, the other gentlemen explored the country, and + more than once was Nathaniel Peacock allowed to accompany them, therefore + did I hear much which otherwise would not have been told me. + </p> + <p> + And what happened during these two months when the gentlemen were much the + same as quarreling among themselves, I shall set down in as few words as + possible, to the end that I may the sooner come to that story of our life + in the new village, which some called James Fort, and others James Town, + after King James of England. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0020" id="link2H_4_0020"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + EXPLORING THE COUNTRY + </h2> + <p> + When the shallop had been taken out of the hold of the Susan Constant, and + put together by the Carpenters, our people explored the shores of the bay + and the broad streams running into it, meeting with savages here and + there, and holding some little converse with them. A few were found to be + friendly, while others appeared to think we were stealing their land by + thus coming among them. + </p> + <p> + One of the most friendly of the savages, so Nathaniel said, having shown + by making marks on the ground with his foot that he wished to tell our + people about the country, and having been given a pen and paper, drew a + map of the river with great care, putting in the islands and waterfalls + and mountains that our men would come to, and afterward he even brought + food to our people such as wheat and little sweet nuts and berries. + </p> + <p> + I myself would have been pleased to go on shore and see these strange + people, but not being able to do so save at the cost of leaving my master, + I can only repeat some of the curious things which Nathaniel Peacock told + me. It must be known that there was more than one nation, or tribe, of + savages in this new land of Virginia, and each had its king or chief, who + was called the werowance. I might set down the names of these tribes, and + yet it would be so much labor lost, because they are more like fanciful + than real words. As, for example, there were the Paspaheghes, whose + werowance was seemingly more friendly to our people than were the others. + </p> + <p> + Again, there were the Rapahannas, who wore the legs of birds through holes + in their ears, and had all the hair on the right side of their heads + shaven closely. + </p> + <p> + It gives them much pleasure to dance, so Nathaniel said, he having seen + them jumping around more like so many wolves, rather than human beings, + for the space of half an hour, shouting and singing all the while. + </p> + <p> + All the Indians smoked an herb called tobacco, which grows abundantly in + this land, and I have Nathaniel's word for it that one savage had a + tobacco pipe nearly a yard long, with the device of a deer carved at the + great end of it big enough to dash out one's brains with. + </p> + <p> + There is very much more which might be said about these savages that would + be of interest; but I am minded now to leave such stories for others to + tell, and come to the day when Captain Newport was ready to sail with the + Susan Constant and the Goodspeed back to England, for his share in the + adventure was only to bring us over from England, after which he had + agreed to return. + </p> + <p> + The pinnace was to be left behind for the use of us who remained in the + strange land. Before this time, meaning the thirteenth day of May, the + members of the Council had decided upon the place where we were to build + our village. It was to be in the country of the Paspahegh Indians, at a + certain spot near the shore where the water runs so deep that our ships + can lie moored to the trees in six fathoms. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0021" id="link2H_4_0021"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE PEOPLE LAND FROM THE SHIPS + </h2> + <p> + Then it was that all the people went on shore, some to set up the tents of + cloth which we had brought with us to serve as shelters before houses + could be built; others to lay out a fort, which it was needed should be + made as early as possible because of the savages, and yet a certain other + number being told off to stand guard against the brown men, who had + already shown that they could be most dangerous enemies. + </p> + <p> + My master went ashore, as a matter of course, with the others, I sticking + close to his side; but neither of us taking any part in the work which had + been begun, because the charges of wickedness were still hanging over his + head. + </p> + <p> + Had Captain Smith been allowed a voice in the Council, certain it is he + never would have chosen this place in which to make the town, for he + pointed out to me that the land lay so low that when the river was at its + height the dampness must be great, and, therefore, exceeding unhealthful, + while there was back of it such an extent of forest, as made it most + difficult to defend, in case the savages came against us. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith aided me in building for ourselves a hut in front of an + overhanging rock, with the branches of trees. It was a poor shelter at the + best; but he declared it would serve us until such time as he was given + his rightful place among the people, or had been sent back a prisoner to + England. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0022" id="link2H_4_0022"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN SMITH PROVEN INNOCENT + </h2> + <p> + This served us as a living place for many days, or until my master was + come into his own, as he did before the fort was finished, when, on one + certain morning, he demanded of the other members of the Council that they + put him on trial to learn whether the charges could be proven or not, and + this was done on the day before Captain Newport was to take the ships back + to England. + </p> + <p> + There is little need for me to say that Captain Kendall's stories of the + plot, in which he said my master was concerned, came to naught. There were + none to prove that he had ever spoken of such a matter, and the result of + the trial was that they gave him his rightful place at the head of the + company. Before many months were passed, all came to know that but for him + the white people in Jamestown would have come to their deaths. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0023" id="link2H_4_0023"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + WE WHO WERE LEFT BEHIND + </h2> + <p> + It was on the fifteenth day of June when the ships sailed out of the + Chesapeake Bay, leaving on the banks of the river we called the James, a + hundred men and boys, all told, to hold their lives and their liberty + against thousands upon thousands of naked savages, who had already shown + that they desired to be enemies rather than friends. Even in the eyes of a + boy, it was an odd company to battle with the savages and the wilderness, + for the greater number were those who called themselves gentlemen, and who + believed it beneath their station to do any labor whatsoever, therefore + did it seem to me that this new town would be burdened sorely with so many + drones. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt, the preacher, could in good truth call himself a gentleman, + and yet I myself saw him, within two hours after we were landed, nailing a + piece of timber between two trees that he might stretch a square of + sailcloth over it, thus making what served as the first church in the + country of Virginia. Yet Captain Smith has said again and again, that the + discourses of Master Hunt under that poor shelter of cloth, were, to his + mind, more like the real praising of God, than any he had ever heard in + the costly buildings of the old world. + </p> + <p> + For the better understanding of certain things which happened to us after + we had begun to build the village of Jamestown, it should be remembered + that of all the savages in the country roundabout, the most friendly were + those who lived in the same settlement with Powhatan, who was, so Captain + Smith said, the true head and king of all the Indians in Virginia. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0024" id="link2H_4_0024"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + BAKING BREAD WITHOUT OVENS + </h2> + <p> + It was in this town of Powhatan's that I discovered how to bake bread + without an oven or other fire than what might be built on the open ground, + and it was well I had my eyes open at that time, otherwise Captain Smith + and I had gone supperless to bed again and again, for there were many days + when our stomachs cried painfully because of emptiness. + </p> + <p> + While my master was talking with the king, Powhatan, on matters concerning + affairs at Jamestown, I saw an Indian girl, whose name I afterward came to + know was Pocahontas, making bread, and observed her carefully. She had + white meal, but whether of barley, or the wheat called Indian corn, or + Guinny wheat I could not say, and this she mixed into a paste with hot + water; making it of such thickness that it could easily be rolled into + little balls or cakes. + </p> + <p> + After the mixture had been thus shaped, she dropped the balls into a pot + of boiling water, letting them stay there until well soaked, when she laid + them on a smooth stone in front of the fire until they had hardened and + browned like unto bread that has been cooked in the oven. + </p> + <p> + But I have set myself to the task of telling how we of Jamestown lived + during that time when my master was much the same as the head of the + government, and it is not well to begin the story with bread making. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0025" id="link2H_4_0025"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + AN UNEQUAL DIVISION OF LABOR + </h2> + <p> + First I must explain upon what terms these people, the greater number of + whom called themselves gentlemen, and therefore claimed to be ashamed to + labor with their hands, had come together under control of those merchants + in London, who were known as the London Company. + </p> + <p> + No person in the town of James was allowed to own any land except as he + had his share of the whole. Every one was expected to work for the good of + the village, and whatsoever of crops was raised, belonged to all the + people. It was not permitted that the more industrious should plant the + land and claim that which grew under their toil. + </p> + <p> + Ours was supposed to be one big family, with each laboring to help the + others at the same time he helped himself, and the result was that those + who worked only a single hour each day, had as much of the general stores + as he who remained in the field from morning until night. + </p> + <p> + Although my master had agreed to this plan before the fleet sailed from + England, he soon came to understand that it was not the best for a new + land, where it was needed that each person should labor to the utmost of + his powers. + </p> + <p> + The London Company had provided a certain number of tents made of cloth, + which were supposed to be enough to give shelter to all the people, and + yet, because those who had charge of the matter had made a mistake, + through ignorance or for the sake of gain, there were no more than would + provide for the members of the Council, who appeared to think they should + be lodged in better fashion than those who were not in authority. + </p> + <p> + My master could well have laid claim to one of these cloth houses; but + because of the charges which had been made against him by Captain Kendall + and Captain Martin, the sting of which yet remained, he chose to live by + himself. Thus it was that he and I threw up the roof of branches + concerning which I have spoken; but it was only to shelter us until better + could be built. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0026" id="link2H_4_0026"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + BUILDING A HOUSE OF LOGS + </h2> + <p> + While the others were hunting here and there for the gold which it had + been said could be picked up in Virginia as one gathers acorns in the old + world, Captain Smith set about making a house of logs such as would + protect him from the storms of winter as well as from the summer sun. + </p> + <p> + This he did by laying four logs on the ground in the form of a square, and + so cutting notches in the ends of each that when it was placed on the top + of another, and at right angles with it, the hewn portions would + interlock, one with the other, holding all firmly in place. On top of + these, other huge tree trunks were laid with the same notching of the + ends. It was a vast amount of labor, thus to roll up the heavy logs in the + form of a square until a pen or box had been made as high as a man's head, + and then over that was built a roof of logs fastened together with wooden + pins, or pegs, for iron nails were all too scarce and costly to be used + for such purpose. + </p> + <p> + When the house had been built thus far, the roof was formed of no more + than four or five logs on which a thatching of grass was to be laid later, + and the ends, in what might be called the "peak of the roof," were open to + the weather. Then it was that roughly hewn planks, or logs split into + three or four strips, called puncheons, were pegged with wooden nails on + the sides, or ends, where doors or windows were to be made. + </p> + <p> + Then the space inside this framework was sawed out, and behold you had a + doorway, or the opening for a window, to be filled in afterward as time + and material with which to work might permit. + </p> + <p> + After this had been done, the ends under the roof were covered with yet + more logs, sawn to the proper length and pegged together, until, save for + the crevices between the timbers, the whole gave protection against the + weather. + </p> + <p> + Then came the work of thatching the roof, which was done by the branches + of trees, dried grass, or bark. My master put on first a layer of branches + from which the leaves had been stripped, and over that we laid coarse + grass to the depth of six or eight inches, binding the same down with + small saplings running from one side to the other, to the number of ten on + each slope of the roof. To me was given the task of closing up the + crevices between the logs with mud and grass mixed, and this I did the + better because Nathaniel Peacock worked with me, doing his full share of + the labor. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0027" id="link2H_4_0027"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + KEEPING HOUSE + </h2> + <p> + When we came ashore from the ships, no one claimed Nathaniel as servant, + and he, burning to be in my company, asked Captain Smith's permission to + enter his employ. My master replied that it had not been in his mind there + should be servants and lords in this new world of Virginia, where one was + supposed to be on the same footing as another; but if Nathaniel were + minded to live under the same roof with us, and would cheerfully perform + his full share of the labor, it might be as he desired. + </p> + <p> + Because our house was the first to be put up in the new village, and, + being made of logs, was by far the best shelter, even in comparison with + the tents of cloth, Nathaniel and I decided that it should be the most + homelike, if indeed that could be compassed where were no women to keep + things cleanly. I am in doubt as to whether Captain Smith, great traveler + and brave adventurer though he was, had even realized that with only men + to perform the household duties, there would be much lack of comfort. + </p> + <p> + The floor of the house was only the bare earth beaten down hard. We lads + made brooms, by tying the twigs of trees to a stick, which was not what + might be called a good makeshift, and yet with such we kept the inside of + our home far more cleanly than were some of the tents. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0028" id="link2H_4_0028"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + LACK OF CLEANLINESS IN THE VILLAGE + </h2> + <p> + There were many who believed, because there were no women in our midst, we + should spare our labor in the way of keeping cleanly, and before we had + been in the new village a week, the floors of many of the dwellings were + littered with dirt of various kinds, until that which should have been a + home, looked more like a place in which swine are kept. + </p> + <p> + From the very first day we came ashore, good Master Hunt went about urging + that great effort be made to keep the houses, and the paths around them, + cleanly, saying that unless we did so, there was like to be a sickness + come among us. With some his preaching did good, but by far the greater + number, and these chiefly to be found among the self called gentlemen, + gave no heed. + </p> + <p> + It was as if these lazy ones delighted in filth. Again and again have I + seen one or another throw the scrapings of the trencher bowls just outside + the door of the tent or hut, where those who came or went must of a + necessity tread upon them, and one need not struggle hard to realize what + soon was the condition of the village. + </p> + <p> + After a heavy shower many of the paths were covered ankle deep with filth + of all kinds, and when the sun shone warm and bright, the stench was too + horrible to be described by ordinary words. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0029" id="link2H_4_0029"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAVE HOMES + </h2> + <p> + There were other kinds of homes, and quite a number of them, that were + made neither of cloth nor of logs. These were holes dug in the side of + small hillocks until a sleeping room had been made, when the front part + was covered with brush or logs, built outward from the hill to form a + kitchen. + </p> + <p> + During a storm these cave homes were damp, often times actually muddy, and + those who slept therein were but inviting the mortal sickness that came + all too soon among us, until it was as if the Angel of Death had taken + possession of Jamestown. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith said everything he could to persuade these people, who were + content to live in a hole in the ground, that they were little better than + beasts of the field. + </p> + <p> + But so long as the foolish ones continued to believe this new world was + much the same as filled with gold and silver, so long they wasted their + time searching. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0030" id="link2H_4_0030"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE GOLDEN FEVER + </h2> + <p> + But for this golden fever, which attacked the gentlemen more fiercely than + it did the common people, the story of Jamestown would not have been one + of disaster brought about by willful heedlessness and stupidity. + </p> + <p> + Again and again did Captain Smith urge that crops be planted, while it was + yet time, in order that there might be food at hand when the winter came; + but he had not yet been allowed to take his place in the Council, and + those who had the thirst for gold strong upon them, taunted him with the + fact that he had no right to raise his voice above the meanest of the + company. They refused to listen when he would have spoken with them as a + friend, and laughed him to scorn when he begged that they take heed to + their own lives. + </p> + <p> + I cannot understand why our people were so crazy. Even though Nathaniel + and I were but lads, with no experience of adventure such as was before + us, we could realize that unless a man plants he may not reap, and because + we had been hungry many a time in London town, we knew full well that when + the season had passed there was like to be a famine among us. + </p> + <p> + I can well understand, now that I am a man grown, why our people were so + careless regarding the future, for everywhere around us was food in + plenty. Huge flocks of wild swans circled above our heads, trumpeting the + warning that winter would come before gold could be found. Wild geese, + cleaving the air in wedge shaped line, honked harshly that the season for + gathering stores of food was passing, while at times, on a dull morning, + it was as if the waters of the bay were covered completely with ducks of + many kinds. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0031" id="link2H_4_0031"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + DUCKS AND OYSTERS + </h2> + <p> + I have heard Captain Smith say more than once, that he had seen flocks of + ducks a full mile wide and five or six miles long, wherein canvasbacks, + mallard, widgeon, redheads, dottrel, sheldrake, and teal swam wing to + wing, actually crowding each other. When such flocks rose in the air, the + noise made by their wings was like unto the roaring of a tempest at sea. + </p> + <p> + Then there was bed after bed of oysters, many of which were uncovered at + ebb tide, when a hungry man might stand and eat his fill of shellfish, + never one of them less than six inches long, and many twice that size. It + is little wonder that the gold crazed men refused to listen while my + master warned them that the day might come when they would be hungry to + the verge of starvation. + </p> + <p> + Now perhaps you will like to hear how we two lads, bred in London town, + with never a care as to how our food had been cooked, so that we had + enough with which to fill our stomachs, made shift to prepare meals that + could be eaten by Captain Smith, for so we did after taking counsel with + the girl Pocahontas from Powhatan's village. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0032" id="link2H_4_0032"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + ROASTING OYSTERS + </h2> + <p> + In the first place, the shell fish called oysters are readily cooked, or + may be eaten raw with great satisfaction. I know not what our people of + Virginia would have done without them, and yet it was only by chance or + accident that we came to learn how nourishing they are. + </p> + <p> + A company of our gentlemen had set off to explore the country very shortly + after we came ashore from the fleet, and while going through that portion + of the forest which borders upon the bay, happened upon four savages who + were cooking something over the fire. + </p> + <p> + The Indians ran away in alarm, and, on coming up to discover what the + brown men had which was good to eat, the explorers found a large number of + oysters roasting on the coals. Through curiosity, one of our gentlemen + tasted of the fish, and, much to his surprise, found it very agreeable to + the stomach. + </p> + <p> + Before telling his companions the result of his experiment, he ate all the + oysters that had been cooked, which were more than two dozen large ones, + and then, instead of exploring the land any further on that day, our + gentlemen spent their time gathering and roasting the very agreeable fish. + </p> + <p> + As a matter of course, the news of this discovery spread throughout the + settlement, and straightway every person was eating oysters; but they soon + tired of them, hankering after wheat of some kind. + </p> + <p> + Among those who served some of the gentlemen even as Nathaniel and I aimed + to serve Captain Smith, was James Brumfield, a lazy, shiftless lad near to + seventeen years old. Being hungry, and not inclined to build a fire, + because it would be necessary to gather fuel, he ventured to taste of a + raw oyster. Finding it pleasant to the mouth, he actually gorged himself + until sickness put an end to the gluttonous meal. + </p> + <p> + It can thus be seen that even though Nathaniel and I had never been + apprenticed to a cook, it was not difficult for us to serve our master + with oysters roasted or raw, laid on that which answered in the stead of a + table, in their own shells. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0033" id="link2H_4_0033"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + LEARNING TO COOK OTHER THINGS + </h2> + <p> + Then again the Indian girl had shown us how to boil beans, peas, Indian + corn, and pumpkins together, making a kind of porridge which is most + pleasant, and affords a welcome change from oysters; but the great + drawback is that we are not able to come at the various things needed for + the making of it, except when our gentlemen have been fortunate in trading + with the brown men, which is not often. + </p> + <p> + This Indian corn, pounded and boiled until soft, is a dish Captain Smith + eats of with an appetite, provided it is well salted, and one does not + need to be a king's cook in order to make it ready for the table. The + pounding is the hardest and most difficult portion of the task, for the + kernels are exceeding flinty, and fly off at a great distance when struck + a glancing blow. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel and I have brought inside our house a large, flat rock, on which + we pound the corn, and one of us is kept busy picking up the grains that + fly here and there as if possessed of an evil spirit. Newsamp is the name + which the savages give to this cooking of wheat. + </p> + <p> + I have an idea that when we get a mill for grinding, it will be possible + to break the kernels easily and quickly between the millstones, without + crushing a goodly portion of them to meal. + </p> + <p> + When the Indian corn is young, that is to say, before it has grown hard, + the ears as plucked from the stalks may be roasted before the coals with + great profit, and when we would give our master something unusually + pleasing, Nathaniel and I go abroad in search of the gardens made by the + savages, where we may get, by bargaining, a supply of roasting ears. + </p> + <p> + With a trencher of porridge, and a dozen roasting ears, together with a + half score of the bread balls such as I have already written about, + Captain Smith can satisfy his hunger with great pleasure, and then it is + that he declares he has the most comfortable home in all Virginia, thanks + to his "houseboys," as he is pleased to call us. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0034" id="link2H_4_0034"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE SWEET POTATO ROOT + </h2> + <p> + The Indians have roots, which some of our gentlemen call sweet potatoes, + which are by no means unpleasant to the taste, the only difficulty being + that we cannot get any great quantity of them. Our master declares that + when we make a garden, this root shall be the first thing planted, and + after it has ripened, we will have some cooked every day. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel and I have no trouble in preparing the root, for it may be + roasted in the ashes, boiled into a pudding which should be well salted, + or mixed with the meal of Indian corn and made into a kind of sweet cake. + </p> + <p> + However, we lads have not had good success in baking this last dish, + because of the ashes which fly out of the fire when the wind blows ever so + slightly. Captain Smith declares that he would rather have the ashes + without the meal and sweet potato, if indeed he must eat any, but of + course when he speaks thus, it is only in the way of making sport. + </p> + <p> + Captain Kendall, who, because he has made two voyages to the Indies, + believes himself a wondrously wise man, says that he who eats sweet + potatoes at least once each day will not live above seven years, and he + who eats them twice every day will become blind, after which all his teeth + will drop out. + </p> + <p> + Because of this prediction, many of our gentlemen are not willing even so + much as to taste of the root, but Captain Smith says that wise men may + grow fat where fools starve, therefore he gathers up all the sweet + potatoes which the others have thrown away, for they please him exceeding + well. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0035" id="link2H_4_0035"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A TOUCH OF HOMESICKNESS + </h2> + <p> + There is no need for me to say that it makes both Nathaniel and me glad to + be praised by our master, because we keep the house cleanly and strive to + serve the food in such a manner as not to offend the eye; but we would + willingly dispense with such welcome words if thereby it would be possible + to see a woman messing around the place. + </p> + <p> + Strive as boys may, they cannot attend to household matters as do girls or + women, who have been brought into the world knowing how to perform such + tasks, and it is more homelike to see them around. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel and I often picture to each other what this village of Jamestown + would be if in each camp, cave, or log hut a woman was in command, and + ever when we talk thus comes into my heart a sickness for the old homes of + England, even though after my mother died there was none for me; but yet + it would do me a world of good even to look upon a housewife. A most + friendly gentleman is Master Hunt, and even though he is so far above me + in station, I never fail of getting a kindly greeting when I am so + fortunate as to meet him. He comes often to see Captain Smith, for the two + talk long and earnestly over the matter of the Council, and at such times + it is as if he went out of his way to give me a good word. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0036" id="link2H_4_0036"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + MASTER HUNT'S PREACHING + </h2> + <p> + Therefore it is that I go to hear him preach whenever the people are + summoned to a meeting beneath the square of canvas in the wood, and more + than once I have heard from him that which has taken the sickness for home + out of my heart. Our people are not inclined to listen to him in great + numbers, however. I have never seen above twenty at one time, the others + being busy in the search for gold, or trying to decide among themselves as + to how it may best be found. + </p> + <p> + More than once have I heard Master Hunt say, while talking privately with + my master, that there would be greater hope for this village of ours if we + had more laborers and less gentlemen, for in a new land it is only work + that can win in the battle against the savages and the wilderness. + </p> + <p> + Four carpenters, one blacksmith, two bricklayers, a mason, a sailor, a + barber, a tailor, and a drummer make up the list of skilled workmen, if, + indeed, one who can do nothing save drum may be called a laborer. To these + may be added twelve serving men and four boys. All the others are + gentlemen, or, as Master Hunt puts it, drones expecting to live through + the mercy of God whom they turn their backs upon. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0037" id="link2H_4_0037"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + NEGLECTING TO PROVIDE FOR THE FUTURE + </h2> + <p> + The one thing which seemed most surprising to us lads, after Captain Smith + had called it to our notice, was that these people, who knew there could + be no question but that the winter would find them in Jamestown, when + there could be neither roasting ears, peas, beans, nor fowls of the air to + be come at, made no provision for a harvest. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith, not being allowed to raise his voice in the Council, could + only speak as one whose words have little weight, since he was not in + authority; but he lost no opportunity of telling these gold seekers that + only those who sowed might reap, and unless seed was put into the ground, + there would be no crops to serve as food during the winter. + </p> + <p> + Even Master Wingfield, the President of the Council, refused to listen + when my master would have spoken to him as a friend. He gave more heed to + exploring the land, than to what might be our fate in the future. He would + not even allow the gentlemen to make such a fort as might withstand an + assault by the savages, seeming to think it of more importance to know + what was to be found on the banks of this river or of that, than to guard + against those brown people who daily gave token of being unfriendly. + </p> + <p> + The serving men and laborers were employed in making clapboards that we + might have a cargo with which to fill one of Captain Newport's ships when + he returned from England, according to the plans of the London Company. + The gentlemen roamed here or there, seeking the yellow metal which had + much the same as caused a madness among them; and, save in the case of + Master Hunt and Captain Smith, none planted even the smallest garden. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0038" id="link2H_4_0038"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + SURPRISED BY SAVAGES + </h2> + <p> + The fort, as it was called, had been built only of the branches of trees, + and might easily have been overrun by savages bent on doing us harm. + </p> + <p> + It was while Master Wingfield, with thirty of the gentlemen, was gone to + visit Powhatan's village, and the others were hunting for gold, leaving + only my master and the preacher to look after the serving men and the + laborers, that upward of an hundred naked savages suddenly came down upon + us, counting to make an end of all who were in the town. + </p> + <p> + It was a most fearsome sight to see the brown men, their bodies painted + with many colors, carrying bows and arrows, dash out from among the trees + bent on taking our lives, and for what seemed a very long while our people + ran here and there like ants whose nest has been broken in upon. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith gave no heed to his own safety; but shouted for all to take + refuge in our house of logs, while Master Hunt did what he might to aid in + the defence; yet, because there had been no exercise at arms, nor + training, that each should know what was his part at such a time, + seventeen of the people were wounded, some grievously, and one boy, James + Brumfield of whom I have already spoken, was killed by an arrow piercing + his eye. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0039" id="link2H_4_0039"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + STRENGTHENING THE FORT + </h2> + <p> + Next day, when Master Wingfield and his following came in, none the better + for having gone to Powhatan's village, all understood that it would have + been wiser had they listened to my master when he counseled them to take + exercise at arms, and straightway all the men were set about making a fort + with a palisade, which last is the name for a fence built of logs set on + end, side by side, in the ground, and rising so high that the enemy may + not climb over it. This work took all the time of the laborers until the + summer was gone, and in the meanwhile the gentlemen made use of the stores + left us by the fleet, until there remained no more than one half pint of + wheat to each man for a day's food. + </p> + <p> + The savages strove by day and by night to murder us, till it was no longer + safe to go in search of oysters or wildfowl, and from wheat which had lain + so long in the holds of the ships that nearly every grain in it had a + worm, did we get our only nourishment. + </p> + <p> + The labor of building the palisade was most grievous, and it was not + within the power of man to continue it while eating such food; therefore + the sickness came upon us, when it was as if all had been condemned to + die. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0040" id="link2H_4_0040"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A TIME OF SICKNESS AND DEATH + </h2> + <p> + The first who went out from among us, was John Asbie, on the sixth of + August. Three days later George Flowers followed him. On the tenth of the + same month William Bruster, one of the gentlemen, died of a wound given by + the savages while he was searching for gold, and two others laid down + their lives within the next eight and forty hours. + </p> + <p> + Then the deaths came rapidly, gentlemen as well as serving men or + laborers, until near eighty of our company were either in the grave, or + unable to move out of such shelters as served as houses. + </p> + <p> + A great fear came upon all, save that my master held his head as high as + ever, and went here and there with Master Hunt to do what he might toward + soothing the sick and comforting the dying. + </p> + <p> + It was on the twentieth day of August when Captain Bartholomew Gosnold, + one of the Council, died, and then Master Wingfield forgot all else save + his own safety. More than one in our village declared that he was making + ready the pinnace that he might run away from us, as if the Angel of Death + could be escaped from by flight. + </p> + <p> + It was starvation brought about by sheer neglect, together with lying upon + the bare ground and drinking of the river water, which by this time was + very muddy, that had brought us to such a pass. + </p> + <p> + Save for the king, Powhatan, and some few of the other savages in + authority, we must all have died; but when there were only five in all our + company able to stand without aid, God touched the hearts of these + Indians. They, who had lately been trying to kill us, suddenly came to do + what they might toward saving our lives after a full half of the company + were in the grave. + </p> + <p> + They brought food such as was needed to nourish us, and within a short + time the greater number of us who were left alive, could go about, but + only with difficulty. It was a time of terror, of suffering, and of close + acquaintance with death such as I cannot set down in words, for even at + this late day the thought of what we then endured chills my heart. + </p> + <p> + When we had been restored to health and strength, and were no longer + hungry, thanks to those who had been our bitter enemies, the chief men of + the village began to realize that my master had not only given good advice + on all occasions, but stood among them bravely when the President of the + Council was making preparations to run away. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0041" id="link2H_4_0041"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN SMITH GAINS AUTHORITY + </h2> + <p> + There was but little idle talk made by the members of the Council in + deciding that Master Wingfield should be deprived of his office, and + Master Ratcliffe set in his place. Captain Smith was called upon to take + his proper position in the government, and, what was more, to him they + gave the direction of all matters outside the town, which was much the + same as putting him in authority over even the President himself. + </p> + <p> + It was greatly to my pleasure that Captain Smith lost no time in + exercising the power which had been given him. Nor was he at all gentle in + dealing with those men who disdained to soil their hands by working, yet + were willing to spend one day, and every day, searching for gold, without + raising a finger toward adding to the general store, but at the same time + claiming the right to have so much of food as would not only satisfy their + hunger, but minister to their gluttony. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel and I heard our master talking over the matter with the + preacher, on the night the Council had given him full charge of everything + save the dealings which might be had later with the London Company, + therefore it was that we knew there would be different doings on the + morrow. + </p> + <p> + Greatly did we rejoice thereat, for Jamestown had become as slovenly and + ill kempt a village as ever the sun shone upon. + </p> + <p> + Now it must be set down that these gentlemen of ours, when not searching + for gold, were wont to play at bowls in the lanes and paths, that they + might have amusement while the others were working, and woe betide the + serving man or laborer, who by accident interfered with their sports. + </p> + <p> + On this day, after the conversation with Master Hunt, all was changed. + Captain Smith began his duties as guardian and director of the village by + causing it to be proclaimed through the mouth of Nicholas Skot, our + drummer, that there would be no more playing at bowls in the streets of + Jamestown while it was necessary that very much work should be performed, + and this spoken notice also stated, that whosoever dared to disobey the + command should straightway be clapped into the stocks. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0042" id="link2H_4_0042"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + DISAGREEABLE MEASURES OF DISCIPLINE + </h2> + <p> + Lest there should be any question as to whether my master intended to + carry out this threat or no, William Laxon, one of the carpenters, was + forthwith set to work building stocks in front of the tent where lived + Master Ratcliffe, the new President of the Council. Nor was this the only + change disagreeable to our gentlemen, which Captain Smith brought about. + No sooner had Nicholas Skot proclaimed the order that whosoever played at + bowls should be set in the stocks, than he was commanded to turn about and + announce with all the strength of his lungs, so that every one in the + village might hear and understand, that those who would not work should + not have whatsoever to eat. + </p> + <p> + Verily this was a hard blow to the gentlemen of our company, who prided + themselves upon never having done with their hands that which was useful. + One would have thought my master had made this rule for his own particular + pleasure, for straightway those of the gentlemen who could least hold + their tempers in check, gathered in the tent which Master Wingfield had + taken for his own, and there agreed among themselves that if Captain Smith + persisted in such brutal rule, they would overturn all the authority in + the town, and end by setting the Captain himself in the stocks which + William Laxon was then making. It so chanced that Master Hunt overheard + these threats at the time they were made, and, like a true friend and good + citizen, reported the same to Captain Smith. + </p> + <p> + Whereupon my master chose a certain number from among those of the + gentlemen who had become convinced that sharp measures were necessary if + we of Jamestown would live throughout the winter, commanding that they + make careful search of every tent, cave, hut or house in the village, + taking therefrom all that was eatable, and storing it in the log house + which had been put up for the common use. + </p> + <p> + Then he appointed Kellam Throgmorton, a gentleman who was well able to + hold his own against any who might attempt to oppose him, to the office of + guardian of the food, giving strict orders that nothing whatsoever which + could be eaten, should be given to those who did not present good proof of + having done a full day's labor. + </p> + <p> + Of course the people who lay sick were excused from such order, and Master + Hunt was chosen to make up a list of those who must be fed, yet who were + not able to work by reason of illness. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0043" id="link2H_4_0043"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + SIGNS OF REBELLION + </h2> + <p> + Now it can well be understood that such measures as these caused no little + in the way of rebellion, and during the two hours Nicholas Skot cried the + proclamation through the streets and lanes of the village, the gentlemen + who had determined to resist Captain Smith were in a fine state of + ferment. + </p> + <p> + It was as if a company of crazy men had been suddenly let loose among us. + Not content with plotting secretly against my master, they must needs + swagger about, advising others to join them in their rebellion, and + everywhere could be heard oaths and threats, in such language as was like + to cause honest men's hair to stand on end. + </p> + <p> + For a short time Nathaniel Peacock and I actually trembled with fear, + believing the house of logs would be pulled down over our heads, for no + less than a dozen of the so called gentlemen were raging and storming + outside; but disturbing Captain Smith not one whit. He sat there, + furbishing his matchlock as if having nothing better with which to occupy + the time; but, as can well be fancied, drinking in every word of mutiny + which was uttered. + </p> + <p> + Then, as if he would saunter out for a stroll, the captain left the house, + which was much the same as inviting these disorderly ones to attack him; + but they lacked the courage, for he went to the fort without being + molested. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0044" id="link2H_4_0044"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE SECOND PROCLAMATION + </h2> + <p> + It seemed to me as if no more than half an hour had passed before Nicholas + Skot was making another proclamation, and this time to the effect that + whosoever, after that moment, was heard uttering profane words, should + have a can full of cold water poured down his sleeve. + </p> + <p> + On hearing this, the unruly ones laughed in derision and straightway began + to shout forth such a volley of oaths as I had never heard during a + drunken brawl in the streets of London. + </p> + <p> + It was not long, however, that they were thus allowed to shame decent + people. Down from the fort came Captain Smith, with six stout men behind + him, and in a twinkling there was as hot a fight within twenty paces of + Master Ratcliffe's tent, as could be well imagined. + </p> + <p> + And the result of it all was, much to the satisfaction of Nathaniel and + myself, that every one of these men who had amused themselves by uttering + the vilest of oaths, had a full can of the coldest water that could be + procured, poured down the sleeve of his doublet. + </p> + <p> + The method of doing it was comical, if one could forget how serious was + the situation. Two of my master's followers would pounce upon the fellow + who was making the air blue with oaths, and, throwing him to the ground, + hold him there firmly while the third raised his arm and carefully poured + the water down the sleeve. + </p> + <p> + Now you may fancy that this was not very harsh treatment; but I afterward + heard those who had been thus punished, say that they would choose five or + six stout lashes on their backs, rather than take again such a dose as was + dealt out on that day after John Smith was made captain and commander, or + whatsoever you choose to call his office, in the village of Jamestown. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0045" id="link2H_4_0045"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + BUILDING A FORTIFIED VILLAGE + </h2> + <p> + There is little need for me to say that these were not the only reforms + which my master brought about, after having waited long enough for our + lazy gentlemen to understand that unless they set their hands to labor + they could not eat from the general store. + </p> + <p> + He straightway set these idle ones to work building houses, declaring that + if the sickness which had come among us was to be checked, our people must + no longer sleep upon the ground, or in caves where the moisture gathered + all around them. + </p> + <p> + He marked out places whereon log dwellings should be placed, in such + manner that when the houses had been set up, they would form a square, + and, as I heard him tell Master Hunt, it was his intention to have all the + buildings surrounded by a palisade in which should be many gates. + </p> + <p> + Thus, when all was finished, he would have a fort-like village, wherein + the people could rest without fear of what the savages might be able to + do. + </p> + <p> + By the time such work was well under way, and our gentlemen laboring as + honest men should, after learning that it was necessary so to do unless + they were willing to go hungry, Captain Smith set about adding to our + store of food, for it was not to be supposed that we could depend for any + length of time upon what the Indians might give us, and the winter would + be long. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0046" id="link2H_4_0046"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + TRAPPING TURKEYS + </h2> + <p> + The wild turkeys had appeared in the forest in great numbers, but few had + been killed by our people because of the savages, many of whom were not to + be trusted, even though the chiefs of three tribes professed to be + friendly. It was this fact which had prevented us from doing much in the + way of hunting. + </p> + <p> + Now that we were in such stress for food, and since all had turned + laborers, whether willingly or no, much in the way of provisions was + needed. Captain Smith set about taking the turkeys as he did about most + other matters, which is to say, that it was done in a thorough manner. + </p> + <p> + Instead of being forced to spend at least one charge of powder for each + fowl killed, he proposed that we trap them, and showed how it might be + done, according to his belief. + </p> + <p> + Four men were told off to do the work, and they were kept busy cutting + saplings and trimming them down until there was nothing left save poles + from fifteen to twenty feet long. Then, with these poles laid one above + the other, a square pen was made, and at the top was a thatching of + branches, so that no fowl larger than a pigeon might go through. + </p> + <p> + From one side of this trap, or turkey pen, was dug a ditch perhaps two + feet deep, and the same in width, running straightway into the thicket + where the turkeys were in the custom of roosting, for a distance of twenty + feet or more. This ditch was carried underneath the side of the pen, where + was an opening hardly more than large enough for one turkey to pass + through. Corn was scattered along the whole length of the ditch, and thus + was the trap set. + </p> + <p> + The turkeys, on finding the trail of corn, would follow hurriedly along, + like the gluttons they are, with the idea of coming upon a larger hoard, + and thus pass through into the pen. Once inside they were trapped + securely, for the wild turkey holds his head so high that he can never see + the way out through a hole which is at a level with his feet. + </p> + <p> + It was a most ingenious contrivance, and on the first morning after it had + been set at night, we had fifty plump fellows securely caged, when it was + only necessary to enter the trap by crawling through the top, and kill + them at our leisure. + </p> + <p> + It may be asked how we made shift to cook such a thing as a turkey, other + than by boiling it in a kettle, and this can be told in very few words, + for it was a simple matter after once you had become accustomed to it. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0047" id="link2H_4_0047"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A CRUDE KIND OF CHIMNEY + </h2> + <p> + First you must know, however, that when our houses of logs had been built, + we had nothing with which to make a chimney such as one finds in London. + We had no bricks, and although, mayhap, flat rocks might have been found + enough for two or three, there was no mortar in the whole land of Virginia + with which to fasten them together. + </p> + <p> + Therefore it was we were forced to build a chimney of logs, laying it up + on the outside much as we had the house, but plentifully besmearing it + with mud on the inside, and chinking the crevices with moss and clay. + </p> + <p> + When this had been done, a hole was cut for the smoke, directly through + the side of the house. The danger of setting the building on fire was + great; but we strove to guard against it so much as possible by plastering + a layer of mud over the wood, and by keeping careful watch when we had a + roaring fire. Oftentimes were we forced to stop in the task of cooking, + take all the vessels from the coals, and throw water upon the blazing + logs. + </p> + <p> + The chimney was a rude affair, of course, and perhaps if we had had women + among us, they would have claimed that no cooking could be done, when all + the utensils were placed directly on the burning wood, or hung above it + with chains fastened to the top of the fireplace; but when lads like + Nathaniel and me, who had never had any experience in cooking with proper + tools, set about the task, it did not seem difficult, for we were + accustomed to nothing else. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0048" id="link2H_4_0048"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + COOKING A TURKEY + </h2> + <p> + And this is how we could roast a turkey: after drawing the entrails from + the bird, we filled him full of chinquapin nuts, which grow profusely in + this land, and are, perhaps, of some relation to the chestnut. An oaken + stick, sufficiently long to reach from one side of the fireplace to the + other, and trimmed with knives until it was no larger around than the + ramrod of a matchlock, forms our spit, and this we thrust through the body + of the bird from end to end. A pile of rocks on either side of the + fireplace, at a proper distance from the burning wood, serves as rests for + the ends of the wooden spit, and when thus placed the bird will be cooked + in front of the fire, if whosoever is attending to the labor turns the + carcass from time to time, so that each portion may receive an equal + amount of heat. + </p> + <p> + I am not pretending to say that this is a skillful method of cooking; but + if you had been with us in Jamestown, and were as hungry as we often were, + a wild turkey filled with chinquapin nuts, and roasted in such fashion, + would make a very agreeable dinner. + </p> + <p> + We were put to it for a table; but yet a sort of shelf made from a plank + roughly split out of the trunk of a tree, and furnished with two legs on + either end, was not as awkward as one may fancy, for we had no chairs on + which to sit while eating; but squatted on the ground, and this low bench + served our purpose as well as a better piece of furniture would have done. + </p> + <p> + When the captain was at home, he carved the bird with his hunting knife, + and one such fowl would fill the largest trencher bowl we had among us. + </p> + <p> + Nor could we be overly nice while eating, and since we had no napkins on + which to wipe our fingers, a plentiful supply of water was necessary to + cleanse one's hands, for these wild turkeys are overly fat in the months + of September and October, and he who holds as much of the cooked flesh in + his hand as is needed for a hearty dinner, squeezes therefrom a + considerable amount in the way of grease. + </p> + <p> + We were better off for vessels in which to put our food, than in many + other respects, for we had of trencher bowls an abundance, and the London + Company had outfitted us with ware of iron, or of brass, or of copper, + until our poor table seemed laden with an exceeding rich store. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0049" id="link2H_4_0049"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CANDLES OR RUSHLIGHTS + </h2> + <p> + To provide lights for ourselves, now that the evenings were grown longer, + was a much more difficult task than to cook without proper conveniences, + for it cost considerable labor. We had our choice between the candle wood, + as the pitch pine is called, or rushlights, which last are made by + stripping the outer bark from common rushes, thus leaving the pith bare; + then dipping these in tallow, or grease, and allowing them to harden. In + such manner did we get makeshifts for candles, neither pleasing to the eye + nor affording very much in the way of light; yet they served in a certain + degree to dispel the darkness when by reason of storm we were shut in the + dwellings, and made the inside of the house very nearly cheerful in + appearance. + </p> + <p> + To get the tallow or grease with which to make these rushlights, we saved + the fat of the deer, or the bear, or even a portion of the grease from + turkeys, and, having gathered sufficient for the candle making, mixed them + all in one pot for melting. + </p> + <p> + The task of gathering the candle wood was more pleasing, and yet + oftentimes had in it more of work, for it was the knots of the trees which + gave the better light, and we might readily fasten them upon an iron + skewer, or rod, which was driven into the side of the house for such + purpose. + </p> + <p> + Some of our people, who were too lazy to search for knots, split the wood + into small sticks, each about the size of a goose quill, and, standing + three or four in a vessel filled with sand, gained as much in the way of + light as might be had from one pine knot. + </p> + <p> + Of course, those who were overly particular, would find fault with the + smoke from this candle wood, and complain of the tar which oozed from it; + but one who lives in the wilderness must not expect to have all the + luxuries that can be procured in London. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0050" id="link2H_4_0050"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE VISIT OF POCAHONTAS + </h2> + <p> + We had a visitor from the village of Powhatan very soon after Captain + Smith took command of Jamestown to such an extent that the gentlemen were + forced to work and to speak without oaths, through fear of getting too + much cold water inside the sleeves of their doublets. + </p> + <p> + This visitor was the same Indian girl I had seen making bread, and quite + by chance our house was the first she looked into, which caused me much + pride, for I believed she was attracted to it because it was more cleanly + than many of the others. + </p> + <p> + We were all at home when she came, being about to partake of the noonday + meal, which was neither more nor less than a big turkey weighing more than + two score pounds, and roasted to a brownness which would cause a hungry + person's mouth to water. + </p> + <p> + Although she who had halted to look in at our door was only a girl, + Captain Smith treated her as if she were the greatest lady in the world, + himself leading her inside to his own place at the trencher board, while + she, in noways shy, began to help herself to the fattest pieces of meat, + thereby besmearing herself with grease until there was enough running down + her chin to have made no less than two rushlights, so Nathaniel Peacock + declared. + </p> + <p> + Of course, being a savage, she could not speak in our language, but the + master, who had studied diligently since coming to this world of Virginia + to learn the speech of the Indians, made shift to get from her some little + information, she being the daughter of Powhatan, the king concerning whom + I have already set down many things. + </p> + <p> + At first Captain Smith was of the belief that she had come on some errand; + but after much questioning, more by signs than words, it came out, as we + understood the matter, that the girl was in Jamestown for no other purpose + than to see what we white people were like. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith was minded that she should be satisfied, so far as her + curiosity was concerned, for when the dinner had come to an end, and I had + given this king's daughter some dry, sweet grass on which to wipe her + hands and mouth, he conducted her around the village, allowing that she + look in upon the tents and houses at her pleasure. + </p> + <p> + She stayed with us until the sun was within an hour of setting, and then + darted off into the forest as does a startled pheasant, stopping for a + single minute when she had got among the trees, to wave her hand, as if + bidding us goodbye, or in plain mischief. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0051" id="link2H_4_0051"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN KENDALL'S PLOT + </h2> + <p> + It is not possible my memory will serve me to tell of all that was done by + us in Jamestown after we were come to our senses through the efforts of my + master; but the killing of Captain Kendall is one of the many terrible + happenings in Virginia, which will never be forgotten so long as I shall + live. + </p> + <p> + After our people were relieved from the famine through the gifts from the + Indians and the coming of wild fowl, Captain Smith set about making some + plans to provide us with food during the winter, and to that end he set + off in the shallop to trade with the savages, taking with him six men. He + had a goodly store of beads and trinkets with which to make payment for + what he might be able to buy, for these brown men are overly fond of what + among English people would be little more than toys. + </p> + <p> + While he was gone, Master Wingfield and Captain Kendall were much + together, for both were in a certain way under disgrace since the plot + with which they charged my master had been shown to have been of their own + evil imaginings. They at once set about making friends with some of the + serving men, and this in itself was so strange that Nathaniel and I kept + our eyes and ears open wide to discover the cause. + </p> + <p> + It was not many days before we came to know that there was a plan on foot, + laid by these two men who should have been working for the good of the + colony instead of to further their own base ends, to seize upon our + pinnace, which lay moored to the shore, and to sail in her to England. + </p> + <p> + How that would have advantaged them I cannot even so much as guess; but + certain it was that they carried on board the pinnace a great store of + wild fowl, which had been cooked with much labor, and had filled two casks + with water, as if believing such amount would serve to save them from + thirst during the long voyage. + </p> + <p> + These wicked ones had hardly gone on board the vessel when Captain Smith + came home in the shallop, which was loaded deep with Indian corn he had + bought from the savages, and, seeing the pinnace being got under way, had + little trouble in guessing what was afoot. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0052" id="link2H_4_0052"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN KENDALL + </h2> + <p> + If ever a man moved swiftly, and with purpose, it was our master when he + thus came to understand what Master Wingfield and Captain Kendall would + do. He was on shore before those in the pinnace could hoist the sails, + and, calling upon all who remained true to the London Company to give him + aid, had three of our small cannon, which were already loaded with shot, + aimed at the crew of mutineers. + </p> + <p> + Five men, each with a matchlock in his hand, stood ready to fire upon + those who would at the same time desert and steal from us, and Captain + Smith gave the order for Captain Kendall and Master Wingfield to come on + shore without delay. + </p> + <p> + For reply Captain Kendall discharged his firearm, hoping to kill my + master, and then those on the bank emptied their matchlocks with such + effect that Captain Kendall was killed by the first volley, causing Master + Wingfield to scuttle on shore in a twinkling lest he suffer a like fate. + </p> + <p> + The whole bloody business was at an end in less than a quarter hour; but + the effect of it was not so soon wiped away, for from that time each man + had suspicion of his neighbor, fearing lest another attempt be made to + take from us the pinnace, which we looked upon as an ark of refuge, in + case the savages should come against us in such numbers that they could + not be resisted. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0053" id="link2H_4_0053"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN SMITH'S EXPEDITION AND RETURN + </h2> + <p> + Until winter was come we had food in plenty, for one could hardly send a + charge of shot toward the river without bringing down swans, ducks, or + cranes, while from the savages we got sufficient for our daily wants, meal + made from the corn, pumpkins, peas, and beans. + </p> + <p> + But this did not cause Captain Smith to give over trying to buy from the + Indians a store of corn for the winter, and shortly after Captain + Kendall's death, he set off with nine white men and two Indian guides in a + barge, counting to go as far as the head of the Chickahominy River. + </p> + <p> + This time twenty-two long, dreary days went by without his return, and we + mourned him as dead, believing the savages had murdered him. + </p> + <p> + The discontented ones were in high glee because of thinking the man who + had forced them to do that which they should, had gone out from their + world forever, and we two lads were plunged in deepest grief, for in all + the great land of Virginia, Captain Smith was our only true friend. + </p> + <p> + Then arrived that day when he suddenly appeared before us, having come to + no harm, and as Master Hunt lifted up his hands in a prayer of + thanksgiving because the man who was so sadly needed in Jamestown had + returned, I fell on my knees, understanding for the first time in my life + how good God could be to us in that wilderness. + </p> + <p> + I would that I might describe the scene in our house that night, when + Master Hunt was come to hear what all knew would be a story of wildest + adventure, for it went without saying that my master never would have + remained so long absent from Jamestown had it been within his power to + return sooner. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0054" id="link2H_4_0054"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + AN EXCITING ADVENTURE + </h2> + <p> + We waited to hear the tale until he had refreshed himself after the long + journey, and then what Captain Smith told us was like unto this, as I + remember it: + </p> + <p> + After leaving the village, he had sailed up the river until there was no + longer water enough to float the barge, when, with two white men and the + two Indians, he embarked in a canoe, continuing the voyage for a distance + of twelve miles or more. There, in the wilderness, they made ready to + spend the night, and with one of the savage guides my master went on shore + on an island to shoot some wild fowls for supper. He had traveled a short + distance from the boat, when he heard cries of the savages in the + distance, and, looking back, saw that one of the men had been taken + prisoner, while the other was fighting for his life. + </p> + <p> + At almost the very minute when he saw this terrible thing, he was suddenly + beset by more than two hundred yelling, dancing savages, who were sweeping + down upon him as if believing he was in their power beyond any chance. The + Indian guide, who appeared to be terribly frightened, although it might + have been that he was in the plot to murder my master, would have run + away; but that Captain Smith held him fast while he fired one of his + pistols to keep the enemy in check. + </p> + <p> + Understanding that he must do battle for his life, my master first took + the precaution to bind the Indian guide to his left arm, by means of his + belt, in such fashion that the fellow would serve as a shield against the + shower of arrows the savages were sending through the air. + </p> + <p> + Protected in this manner, Captain Smith fought bravely, as he always does, + and had succeeded in killing two of the Indians with his matchlock, when + suddenly he sank knee deep into a mire. It seems that he had been + retreating toward the canoe, hoping to get on board her where would be + some chance for shelter, and was so engaged with the savages in front of + him as to give little heed to his steps. + </p> + <p> + Once he was held prisoner by the mud, the enemy quickly surrounded him, + and he could do no better than surrender. Instead of treating him cruelly, + as might have been expected, these brown men carried him from village to + village, as if exhibiting some strange animal. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0055" id="link2H_4_0055"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + TAKEN BEFORE POWHATAN + </h2> + <p> + When he was first made captive, the Indians found his compass, and were + stricken with wonder, because, however the instrument might be turned, the + needle always pointed in the same direction. The glass which protected the + needle caused even more amazement, and, believing him to be a magician, + they took him to Powhatan. + </p> + <p> + After many days of traveling, the savages were come with their prisoner to + Powhatan's village, where Captain Smith was held close prisoner in one of + the huts, being fairly well treated and fed in abundance, until the king, + who had been out with a hunting party, came home. + </p> + <p> + Twice while he was thus captive did Captain Smith see the girl Pocahontas, + who had visited him in Jamestown; but she gave no especial heed to him, + save as a child who was minded to be amused, until on the day when some of + the savages gave him to understand that he was to be killed for having + come into this land of theirs, and also for having shot to death some of + their tribe. + </p> + <p> + When he was led out of Powhatan's tent of skins, with his feet and hands + bound, he had no hope of being able to save his own life, for there was no + longer any chance for him to struggle against those who had him in their + power. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0056" id="link2H_4_0056"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + POCAHONTAS BEGS FOR SMITH'S LIFE + </h2> + <p> + He was forced down on the earth, with his head upon a great rock, while + two half naked savages came forward with heavy stones bound to wooden + handles, with which to beat out his brains, and these weapons were already + raised to strike, when the girl Pocahontas ran forward, throwing herself + upon my master, as she asked that Powhatan give him to her. + </p> + <p> + Now, as we afterward came to know, it is the custom among savages, that + when one of their women begs for the life of a prisoner, to grant the + prayer, and so it was done in this case, else we had never seen my master + again. + </p> + <p> + It is also the custom, when a prisoner has thus been given to one who + begged for his life, that the captive shall always be held as slave by + her; but Pocahontas desired only to let him go back to Jamestown. Then it + was she told her father how she had been treated when visiting us, and + Powhatan, after keeping Captain Smith prisoner until he could tell of what + he had seen in other countries of the world, set him free. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0057" id="link2H_4_0057"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE EFFECT OF CAPTAIN SMITH'S RETURN + </h2> + <p> + It was well for us of Jamestown that my master returned just when he did, + for already had our gentlemen, believing him dead, refused longer to work, + and even neglected the hunting, when game of all kinds was so plentiful. + They had spent the time roaming around searching for gold, until we were + once more in need of food. + </p> + <p> + The sickness had come among us again, and of all our company, which + numbered an hundred when Captain Newport sailed for England, only + thirty-eight remained alive. + </p> + <p> + Within four and twenty hours after Captain Smith came back, matters had so + far mended that every man who could move about at will, was working for + the common good, although from that time, until Captain Newport came + again, we had much of suffering. + </p> + <p> + With the coming of winter Nathaniel and I were put to it to do our work in + anything like a seemly manner. What with the making of candles, or of + rushlights; tanning deer hides in such fashion as Captain Smith had taught + us; mending his doublets of leather, as well as our own; keeping the house + and ground around it fairly clean, in addition to cooking meals which + might tempt the appetite of our master, we were busy from sunrise to + sunset. + </p> + <p> + Nor were we without our reward. On rare occasions Captain Smith would + commend us for attending to our duties in better fashion than he had + fancied lads would ever be able to do, and very often did Master Hunt + whisper words of praise in our ears, saying again and again that he would + there were in his house two boys like us. + </p> + <p> + This you may be sure was more of payment than we had a reasonable right to + expect, for certain it is that even at our best the work was but fairly + done, as it ever must be when there are houseboys instead of housewives at + home. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt had a serving man, William Rods, and he was not one well + fitted to do a woman's work, for in addition to being clumsy, even at the + expense of breaking now and then a wooden trencher bowl, he had no thought + that cleanliness was, as the preacher often told us, next to godliness. + </p> + <p> + It was he, and such as he, that caused Captain Smith and those others of + the Council who were minded to work for the common good, very much of + trouble. + </p> + <p> + The rule, as laid down by my master, was that those living in a dwelling + should keep cleanly the land roundabout the outside for a space of five + yards, and yet again and again have I seen William Rods throw the refuse + from the table just outside the door, meaning to take it away at a future + time, and always forgetting so to do until reminded by some one in + authority. + </p> + <p> + However, it is not for me to speak of such trifling things as these, + although had you heard Captain Smith and Master Hunt in conversation, you + would not have set them down as being of little importance. Those two + claimed that only by strict regard to cleanliness, both of person and + house, would it be possible for us, when another summer came, to ward off + that sickness which had already carried away so many of our company. + </p> + <p> + After Captain Smith had brought matters to rights in the village, setting + this company of men to building more houses, and that company to hewing + down trees for firewood, which would be needed when the winter had come, + Master Hunt made mention of a matter which I knew must have been very near + his heart many a day. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0058" id="link2H_4_0058"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A NEW CHURCH + </h2> + <p> + During all the time we had been on shore, the only church in Jamestown was + the shelter beneath that square of canvas which he himself had put up. + When it stormed, he had called such of the people as were inclined to + worship into one or another of the houses; but now he asked that a log + building be put together, while it was yet so warm that the men could work + out of doors without suffering, and to this, much to my pleasure, for I + had an exceedingly friendly feeling toward Master Hunt, Captain Smith + agreed. + </p> + <p> + Therefore it was that when the storms of October came, Master Hunt had a + place in which to receive those whom he would lead to a better life, and I + believe that all our people, the men who were careless regarding the + future life, and those who followed the preacher's teachings, felt the + better in mind because there was at last in our village a place which + would be used for no other purpose than that of leading us into, and + helping us to remain in, the straight path. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0059" id="link2H_4_0059"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN NEWPORT'S RETURN + </h2> + <p> + It was at the beginning of the new year, two days after my master was set + free by the savages, that Captain Newport came back to us, this time in + the ship John and Francis, and with him were fifty men who had been sent + to join our colony. + </p> + <p> + Fortunately for us there were but few gentlemen among them, therefore did + the work of building the village go on much more rapidly, because there + were laborers in plenty. + </p> + <p> + A larger building, which was called the fort, and would indeed have been a + safe place for refuge had the savages made an attack, was but just + completed at the beginning of the third month, meaning March. + </p> + <p> + There Captain Smith had stored the supply of provisions and seed brought + in the John and Francis, and we were already saying to ourselves that by + the close of the summer we should reap a bountiful harvest. + </p> + <p> + All these plans and hopes went for naught, however, for on a certain night—and + no man can say how it happened, save him who was the careless one—fire + fastened upon the inside of the fort, having so much headway when it was + discovered, that our people could do little toward checking it. + </p> + <p> + The flames burst out through the roof, which was thatched with dried + grass, as were all the houses in the town, and leaped from one building to + another until it seemed as if the entire village would be destroyed. + </p> + <p> + It is true that even the palisade, which was near to forty feet distant + from the fort, was seized upon by the flames, and a goodly portion of that + which had cost us so much labor was entirely destroyed. + </p> + <p> + Out of all our houses only four remained standing when the flames had died + away. The seed which we had counted on for reaping a harvest, the store of + provisions, and a large amount of clothing and other necessaries, were + thus consumed. + </p> + <p> + Good Master Hunt lost all his books, in fact, everything he owned save the + clothes upon his back, and yet never once did I, who was with him very + much, for he came to live at our house while the village was being + rebuilt, hear him utter one word of complaint, or of sorrow. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0060" id="link2H_4_0060"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + GOLD SEEKERS + </h2> + <p> + It was while all the people, gentlemen as well as laborers, were doing + their best to repair the loss, and to put Jamestown into such shape that + we might be able to withstand an attack from the savages, if so be they + made one, that even a worse misfortune than the fire came upon us. + </p> + <p> + Some of those whom Captain Newport had lately brought to Virginia, while + roaming along the shores of the river in order to learn what this new land + was like, came upon a spot where the waters had washed the earth away for + a distance of five or six feet, leaving exposed to view a vast amount of + sand, so yellow and so heavy that straightway the foolish ones believed + they were come upon that gold which our people had been seeking almost + from the very day we first landed. + </p> + <p> + From this moment there was no talk of anything save the wealth which would + come to us and the London Company. + </p> + <p> + Even Captain Newport was persuaded that this sand was gold, and + straightway nearly every person in the village was hard at work digging + and carrying it in baskets on board the John and Francis as carefully as + if each grain counted for a guinea. + </p> + <p> + Of all the people of Jamestown, Captain Smith and Master Hunt were the + only ones who refused to believe the golden dream. They held themselves + aloof from this mad race to gather up the yellow sand, and strove + earnestly to persuade the others that it would be a simple matter to prove + by fire whether this supposed treasure were metal. + </p> + <p> + In the center of the village, where all might see him, Master Hunt set a + pannikin, in which was a pint or more of the sand, over a roaring fire + which he kept burning not less than two hours. + </p> + <p> + When he was done, the sand remained the same as before, which, so he and + my master claimed, was good proof that our people of Jamestown were, in + truth, making fools of themselves, as they had many a time before since we + came into this land of Virginia. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0061" id="link2H_4_0061"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A WORTHLESS CARGO + </h2> + <p> + When we should have been striving to build up the town once more, we spent + all our time loading the ship with this worthless cargo, and indeed I felt + the better in my mind when finally Captain Newport set sail, the John and + Francis loaded deeply with sand, because of believing that we were come to + an end of hearing about treasure which lay at hand ready for whosoever + would carry it away. + </p> + <p> + In this, however, I was disappointed. Although there was no longer any + reason for our people to labor at what was called the gold mine, since + there was no ship at hand in which to put the sand, they still talked, + hour by hour, of the day when all the men in Virginia would go back to + England richer than kings. + </p> + <p> + Because of such thoughts was it well nigh impossible to force them to + labor once more. Yet Captain Smith and Master Hunt did all they could, + even going so far as to threaten bodily harm if the people did not rebuild + the storehouse, plant such seed as had been saved from the flames, and + replace those portions of the palisade which had been burned. + </p> + <p> + It was while our people were thus working half heartedly, that Captain + Nelson arrived in the ship Phoenix, having been so long delayed on the + voyage, because of tempests and contrary winds, that his passengers and + crew had eaten nearly all the stores which the London Company sent over + for our benefit, and bringing seventy more mouths to be fed. + </p> + <p> + Save that she brought to us skilled workmen, the coming of the Phoenix did + not advantage us greatly, while there were added to our number, seventy + men, and of oatmeal, pickled beef and pork, as much as would serve for, + perhaps, three or four weeks. + </p> + <p> + Through her, however, as Master Hunt said in my hearing, came some little + good, for on seeing the yellow sand, Captain Nelson declared without a + question that it was worthless, and, being accustomed to working in metal, + speedily proved to our people who were yet suffering with the gold fever, + that there was nothing whatsoever of value in it. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0062" id="link2H_4_0062"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE CONDITION OF THE COLONY + </h2> + <p> + That he might have something to carry back to England, and not being + minded to take on board a load of sand, Captain Nelson asked that the + Phoenix be laden with cedar logs and such clapboards as our people had + made. Therefore was it that we sent to England the first cargo of value + since having come to Virginia. + </p> + <p> + Among those who had come over in the Phoenix were workmen who understood + the making of turpentine, tar and soap ashes. There was also a pipe maker, + a gunsmith, and a number of other skilled workmen, so that had the Council + advanced the interest of the colony one half as much as my master was + doing, all would have gone well with us in Jamestown. + </p> + <p> + As it was, however, the President of the Council, so Master Hunt has + declared many times, and of a verity he would not bear false witness, + often countenanced the men in rebellion against my master's orders, until, + but for the preacher's example, we might never have put into the earth our + first seed. + </p> + <p> + Because of lack of food, and it seems strange to say so when there were of + oysters near at hand more than a thousand men could have eaten, and fish + in the rivers without number, Captain Smith set off once more in the + pinnace to trade with the Indians, as well as to explore further the bay + and the river. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt lived in our house, while he was gone, therefore Nathaniel and + I were not idle, and though we had each had a dozen pair of hands, we + could have kept them properly employed, what with making a garden for our + own use, tending the plants, and keeping house. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0063" id="link2H_4_0063"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + TOBACCO + </h2> + <p> + Just here I am minded to set down that which the girl Pocahontas told us + concerning the raising of tobacco, and it is well she spent the time + needed to instruct us, for since then I have seen the people in this new + world of Virginia getting more money from the tobacco plant, than they + could have gained even though Captain Newport's yellow sand had been + veritable gold. + </p> + <p> + You must know that the seed of tobacco is even smaller than grains of + powder, and the Indians usually plant it in April. Within a month it + springs up, each tiny plant having two or four leaves, and one month later + it is transplanted in little hillocks, set about the same distance apart + as are our hills of Indian corn. + </p> + <p> + Two or three times during the season the plants have to be hoed and + weeded, while the sickly leaves, which peep out from the body of the + stock, must be plucked off. + </p> + <p> + If the plant grows too fast, which is to say, if it is like to get its + full size before harvest time, the tops are cut to make it more backward. + </p> + <p> + About the middle of September it is reaped, stripped of its leaves, and + tied in small bunches; these are hung under a shelter so that the dew may + not come to them, until they are cured the same as hay. + </p> + <p> + Having thus been dried, and there must be no suspicion of moisture about, + else they will mold, the whole is packed into hogsheads. + </p> + <p> + I have lived to see the days go by since the girl Pocahontas showed + Nathaniel and me how to cultivate the weed, until the greatest wealth + which Virginia can produce comes from this same tobacco, which, Master + Hunt says, not only induces filthiness in those who use it, but works + grievous injury to the body. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0064" id="link2H_4_0064"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN NEWPORT'S RETURN + </h2> + <p> + When Captain Newport came back to Virginia, at about the time we were + gathering our scanty harvest, his dreams of sudden wealth, through the + digging of gold in Virginia, had burst as does a bubble when one pricks + it. + </p> + <p> + He had not been more than four and twenty hours in England before learning + that his ship was laden only with valueless sand, and, mayhap, if the + London Company had not demanded that he return to Virginia at once, with + certain orders concerning us at Jamestown, he might have been too much + ashamed to show his face among us again. + </p> + <p> + My master had come in long since from trading with the Indians, having had + fairly good success at times, and again failing utterly to gather food. + The king Powhatan was grown so lofty in his bearing, because of the honor + some of our foolish people had shown him, that it was well nigh impossible + to pay the price he asked, even in trinkets, for so small an amount as a + single peck of corn. + </p> + <p> + However, that which Powhatan did or did not do, concerned me very little + when Captain Newport had arrived, for he brought with him such tidings as + made my heart rejoice, and caused Master Hunt to say that now indeed would + our village of Jamestown grow as it should have grown had our leaders + shown themselves of half as much spirit as had my master. + </p> + <p> + But for the greater things which followed Captain Newport's arrival in + September of the year 1608, I would have set it down as of the utmost + importance to us in Jamestown, that he brought with him the first two + women, other than the girl Pocahontas, who had ever come into our town. + </p> + <p> + These were Mistress Forest, and her maid, Anne Burras, and if the king + himself had so far done us the honor as to come, his arrival would have + caused no greater excitement. + </p> + <p> + Every man and boy in the settlement pressed forward eager even to touch + the garments of these two women as they came ashore in the ship's small + boat, and I dare venture to say that we stared at them, Nathaniel and I + among the number, even as the savages stared at us when first we landed. + </p> + <p> + It would have been more to my satisfaction had there been two maids, + instead of only one and her mistress, for it was more than likely servants + could tell Nathaniel and me many things about our care of the house, which + a great lady would not well know. Therefore, as I viewed the matter, we + could well spare fine women, so that we had maids who would understand of + what we as houseboys stood mostly in need. + </p> + <p> + However, it was not with these women, who were only two among seventy, + that had come with Captain Newport on this his third voyage, that I was + most deeply concerned, and how I learned that which pleased me so greatly + shall be set down exactly as it happened. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0065" id="link2H_4_0065"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + MASTER HUNT BRINGS GREAT NEWS + </h2> + <p> + I had been down at the landing place, feasting my eyes upon the ship which + had so lately come from the country I might never see again, and was + trying to cheer myself by working around the house in the hope of pleasing + Captain Smith, when Master Hunt came in with a look upon his face such as + I had not seen since the sickness first came among us, and, without + thinking to be rude, I asked him if it was the arrival of the women which + pleased him so greatly. + </p> + <p> + "It is nothing of such fanciful nature, Richard Mutton," the good man + replied with a smile, "though I must confess that it is pleasing to see + women with white faces, when our eyes have beheld none save bearded men + for so long a time. What think you has been done in the Council this day, + since Captain Newport had speech with President Ratcliffe?" + </p> + <p> + Verily I could not so much as guess what might have happened, for those + worshipful gentlemen were prone at times to behave more like foolish + children, than men upon whom the fate of a new country depended, and I + said to Master Hunt much of the same purport. + </p> + <p> + "They have elected your master, Captain John Smith, President of the + Council, Richard Mutton, and now for the first time will matters in + Jamestown progress as they should." + </p> + <p> + "My master President of the Council at last!" I cried, and the good + preacher added: + </p> + <p> + "So it is, lad, as I know full well, having just come from there." + </p> + <p> + "But how did they chance suddenly to gather their wits?" I cried with a + laugh, in which Master Hunt joined. + </p> + <p> + "It was done after Captain Newport had speech with Master Ratcliffe, and + while I know nothing for a certainty, there is in my mind a strong belief + that he brought word from the London Company for such an election to be + made. At all events, it is done, and now we shall see Jamestown increase + in size, even as she would have done from the first month we landed here + had Captain John Smith been at the head of affairs." + </p> + <p> + The good preacher was so delighted with this change in the government that + he unfolded all his budget of news, forgetting for the time being, most + like, that he was not speaking to his equal, and thus it was I learned + what were Captain Newport's instructions from the London Company. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0066" id="link2H_4_0066"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN NEWPORT'S INSTRUCTIONS + </h2> + <p> + He was ordered, if you please, not to return to England without bringing + back a lump of gold, exploring the passageway to the South Sea, or finding + some of Sir Walter Raleigh's lost colony, of which I will tell you later. + </p> + <p> + But whether he did the one or the other, he had been commanded to crown as + a king, Powhatan, and had brought with him mock jewels and red robes for + such a purpose. + </p> + <p> + To find a lump of gold, after he had brought to England a shipload of + yellow sand! + </p> + <p> + To crown Powhatan king, when, to our sorrow, he was already showing + himself far more of a king than was pleasing or well for our town of + James! + </p> + <p> + Forgetting I was but a lad, and had no right to put blame on the shoulders + of my leaders and betters, or even to address Master Hunt as if I were a + man grown, I cried out against the foolishness of those people in London + for whom we were striving to build up a city, saying very much that had + better been left unsaid, until the good preacher cried with a laugh: + </p> + <p> + "We can forgive them almost anything, Dicky Mutton, since they have made + our Captain Smith the head of the government in this land of Virginia." + </p> + <p> + And now I will tell you, as Master Hunt told me, the story of this lost + colony of Roanoke, which the London Company had commanded Captain Newport + to find. + </p> + <p> + You must know that English people had lived in this land of Virginia + before we came here in 1606, and while it does not concern us of + Jamestown, except as we are interested in knowing the fate of our + countrymen, it should be set down, lest we so far forget as to say that + those of us who have built this village are the first settlers in the + land. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0067" id="link2H_4_0067"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE STORY OF ROANOKE + </h2> + <p> + Twenty-one years before we sailed from London, Sir Walter Raleigh sent out + a fleet of seven ships, carrying one hundred and seven persons, to + Virginia, and Master Ralph Lane was named as the governor. They landed on + Roanoke Island; but because the Indians threatened them, and because just + at that time when they were most frightened, Sir Francis Drake came by + with his fleet, they all went home, not daring to stay any longer. + </p> + <p> + Two years after that, which is to say nineteen years before we of + Jamestown came here, Sir Walter Raleigh sent over one hundred and sixteen + people, among whom were men, women and children, and they also began to + build a town on Roanoke Island. + </p> + <p> + John White was their governor, and very shortly after they came to + Roanoke, his daughter, Mistress Ananias Dare, had a little baby girl, the + first white child to be born in the new world, so they named her Virginia. + </p> + <p> + Now these people, like ourselves, were soon sorely in need of food, and + they coaxed Governor John White to go back to England, to get what would + be needed until they could gather a harvest. + </p> + <p> + At the time he arrived at London, England was at war with the Spanish + people, and it was two years before he found a chance to get back. When he + finally arrived at Roanoke Island, there were no signs of any of his + people to be found, except that on the tree was cut the word "Croatan," + which is the name of an Indian village on the island nearby. + </p> + <p> + That was the last ever heard of all those hundred and sixteen people. Five + different times Sir Walter Raleigh sent out men for the missing ones; but + no traces could be found, not even at Croatan, and no one knows whether + they were killed by the Indians, or wandered off into the wilderness where + they were lost forever. + </p> + <p> + You can see by the story, that the London Company had set for Captain + Newport a very great task when they commanded him to do what so many + people had failed in before him. + </p> + <p> + And now out of that story of the lost colony, as Master Hunt told + Nathaniel and me, grows another which also concerns us in this new land of + Virginia. + </p> + <p> + You will remember I have said that Master Ralph Lane was the governor of + the first company of people who went to Roanoke Island, and, afterward, + getting discouraged, returned to England. Now this Master Lane, and the + other men who were with him, learned from the Indians to smoke the weed + called tobacco, and carried quite a large amount of it home with them. + </p> + <p> + Not only Sir Walter Raleigh, who knew Master Lane very well, but many + other people in England also learned to smoke, and therefore it was that + when we of Jamestown began to raise tobacco, it found a more ready sale in + London than any other thing we could send over. Once this was known, our + people gave the greater portion of their time to cultivating the Indian + weed. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0068" id="link2H_4_0068"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE CROWNING OF POWHATAN + </h2> + <p> + Very nearly the first thing which my master did after having been made + President of the Council, was to obey the orders of the London Company, by + going with Captain Newport to Powhatan's village in order to crown him + like a king. + </p> + <p> + This was not at all to the pleasure of the savage, who failed of + understanding what my master and Captain Newport meant, when they wanted + him to kneel down so they might put the crown upon his head. If all the + stories which I have heard regarding the matter are true, they must have + had quite a scrimmage before succeeding in getting him into what they + believed was a proper position to receive the gifts of the London Company. + </p> + <p> + Our people, so Master Hunt told me, were obliged to take him by the + shoulders and force him to his knees, after which they clapped the crown + on his head, and threw the red robe around his shoulders in a mighty hurry + lest he show fight and overcome them. + </p> + <p> + It was some time before Captain Smith could make him understand that it + was a great honor which was being done him, but when he did get it through + his head, he took off his old moccasins and brought from the hut his + raccoon skin coat, with orders that my master and Captain Newport send + them all to King James in London, as a present from the great Powhatan of + Virginia. + </p> + <p> + After this had been done, Captain Newport sailed up the James River in + search of the passage to the South Sea, and my master set about putting + Jamestown into proper order. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0069" id="link2H_4_0069"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE + </h2> + <p> + Once more Captain Smith made the rule that those who would not work should + not eat, and this time, with all the Council at his back, together with + such men as Captain Newport had just brought with him, you can well fancy + his orders were obeyed. + </p> + <p> + In addition to the stocks which had been built, he had a pillory set up, + and those gentlemen who were not inclined to labor with their hands as + well as they might, were forced to stand in it to their discomfort. + </p> + <p> + The next thing which he did was to have a large, deep well dug, so that we + might have sweet water from it for drinking purposes, rather than be + forced to use that from the river, for it was to his mind that through + this muddy water did the sickness come to us. + </p> + <p> + When the winter was well begun, and Captain Newport ceased to search for + the South Sea passage, because of having come to the falls of the James + River, Captain Smith forced our people to build twenty stout houses such + as would serve to withstand an attack from the savages, and again was the + palisade stretched from one to the other, until the village stood in the + form of a square. + </p> + <p> + After the cold season had passed, some of the people were set about + shingling the church, and others were ordered to make clapboards that we + might have a cargo when Captain Newport returned. It was the duty of some + few to keep the streets and lanes of the village clear of filth, lest we + invite the sickness again, and the remainder of the company were employed + in planting Indian corn, forty acres of which were seeded down. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0070" id="link2H_4_0070"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + STEALING THE COMPANY'S GOODS + </h2> + <p> + If I have made it appear that during all this time we lived in the most + friendly manner with the savages, then have I blundered in the setting + down of that which happened. + </p> + <p> + Although it shames one to write such things concerning those who called + themselves Englishmen, yet it must be said that the savages were no longer + in any degree friendly, and all because of what our own people had done. + </p> + <p> + From the time when Captain Smith had declared that he who would not work + should not eat, some of our fine gentlemen who were willing to believe + that labor was the greatest crime which could be committed, began stealing + from the common store iron and copper goods of every kind which might be + come at, in order to trade with the savages for food they themselves were + too lazy to get otherwise. + </p> + <p> + They even went so far, some of those who thought it more the part of a man + to wear silks than build himself a house, as to steal matchlocks, pistols, + and weapons of any kind, standing ready to teach the savages how to use + these things, if thereby they were given so much additional in the way of + food. + </p> + <p> + As our numbers increased, by reason of the companies which were brought + over by Captain Newport and Captain Nelson, so did the thievery become the + more serious until on one day I heard Master Hunt tell my master, that of + forty axes which had been brought ashore from the Phoenix and left outside + the storehouse during the night, but eight were remaining when morning + came. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0071" id="link2H_4_0071"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + WHAT THE THIEVING LED TO + </h2> + <p> + Now there was more of mischief to this than the crime of stealing, or of + indolence. The savages came to understand they could drive hard bargains, + and so increased the price of their corn that Captain Smith set it down in + his report to the London Company, that the same amount of copper, or of + beads, which had, one year before, paid for five bushels of wheat, would, + within a week after Captain Newport came in search of the lost colony, pay + for no more than one peck. + </p> + <p> + Nor was this the entire sum of the wrong done by our gentlemen who stole + rather than worked with their hands. The savages, grown bold now that they + had firearms and knew how to use them, no longer had the same fear of + white people as when Captain Smith, single handed, was able to hold two + hundred in check, and strove to kill us of Jamestown whenever they found + opportunity. + </p> + <p> + On four different times did they plot to murder my master, believing that + when he had been done to death, it would be more easy for them to kill off + all in our town; but on each occasion, so keen was his watchfulness, he + outwitted them all. + </p> + <p> + The putting of a crown on Powhatan's head, and bowing before him as if he + had been a real king, also did much mischief. It caused that brown savage + to believe we feared him, which was much the same as inviting him to be + less of a friend, until on a certain day he boldly declared that one + basket of his corn was worth more than all our copper and beads, because + he could eat his corn, while our trinkets gave a hungry man no + satisfaction. + </p> + <p> + And thus, by the wicked and unwise acts of our own people, did we prepare + the way for another time of famine and sickness. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0072" id="link2H_4_0072"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + FEAR OF FAMINE IN A LAND OF PLENTY + </h2> + <p> + However, I must set this much down as counting in our favor: when we + landed in this country we had three pigs, and a cock and six hens, all of + which we turned loose in the wilderness to shift for themselves, giving + shelter to such as came back to us when winter was near at hand. + </p> + <p> + Within two years we had of pigs more than sixty, in addition to many which + were yet running wild in the forest. Of hens and cocks we had upward of + five hundred, the greater number being kept in pens to the end that we + might profit by their eggs. + </p> + <p> + I have heard Master Hunt declare more than once, that had we followed + Captain Smith's advice, giving all our labor to the raising of crops, our + storehouse would have been too small for the food on hand, and we might + have held ourselves free from the whims of the savages, having corn to + sell, rather than spending near to half our time trying to buy. + </p> + <p> + As Master Hunt said again and again when talking over the situation with + Captain Smith, it seemed strange even to us who were there, that we could + be looking forward to a famine, when in the sea and on the land was food + in abundance to feed half the people in all this wide world. + </p> + <p> + To show how readily one might get himself a dinner, if so be his taste + were not too nice, I have seen Captain Smith, when told what we had in the + larder for the next meal, go to the river with only his naked sword, and + there spear fish enough with the weapon to provide us with as much as + could be eaten in a full day. But yet some of our gentlemen claimed that + it was not good for their blood to eat this food of the sea; others + declared that oysters, when partaken of regularly, were as poisonous as + the sweet potatoes which we bought of the Indians. + </p> + <p> + Thus it was that day by day did we who were in the land of plenty, overrun + with that which would serve as food, fear that another time of famine was + nigh. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0073" id="link2H_4_0073"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE UNHEALTHFUL LOCATION + </h2> + <p> + I have often spoken of the unwillingness of some of our people to labor; + but Captain Smith, who is not overly eager to find excuses for those who + are indolent, has said that there was much reason why many of our men + hugged their cabins, counting it a most arduous task to go even so far up + the river as were the oyster beds. + </p> + <p> + He believes, and Master Hunt is of the same opinion, that this town of + ours has been built on that portion of the shore where the people are most + liable to sickness. The land is low lying, almost on a level with the + river; the country roundabout is made up of swamps and bogs, and the air + which comes to us at night is filled with a fever, which causes those upon + whom it fastens, first to shake as if they were beset with bitterest cold, + and then again to burn as if likely to be reduced to ashes. Some call it + the ague, and others, the shakes; but whatsoever it may be, there is + nothing more distressing, or better calculated to hinder a man from taking + so much of exercise as is necessary for his well being. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0074" id="link2H_4_0074"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + GATHERING OYSTERS + </h2> + <p> + That Nathaniel and I may gather oysters without too great labor of walking + and carrying heavy burdens, Captain Smith has bought from the savages a + small boat made of the bark of birch trees, stretched over a framework of + splints, and sewn together with the entrails of deer. On the seams, and + wherever the water might find entrance, it is well gummed with pitch taken + from the pine tree, and withal the lightest craft that can well be made. + </p> + <p> + Either Nathaniel or I can take this vessel, which the savages call a + canoe, on our shoulders, carrying it without difficulty, and when the two + of us are inside, resting upon our knees, for we may not sit in it as in a + ship's boat, we can send it along with paddles at a rate so rapid as to + cause one to think it moved by magic. + </p> + <p> + With this canoe Nathaniel and I may go to the oyster beds, and in half an + hour put on board as large a cargo of shellfish as she will carry, in + addition to our own weight, coming back in a short time with as much food + as would serve a dozen men for two days. + </p> + <p> + If these oysters could be kept fresh for any length of time, then would we + have a most valuable store near at hand; but, like other fish, a few hours + in the sun serves to spoil them. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0075" id="link2H_4_0075"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PREPARING STURGEON FOR FOOD + </h2> + <p> + Of the fish called the sturgeon, we have more than can be consumed by all + our company; but one cannot endure the flavor day after day, and therefore + is it that we use it for food only when we cannot get any other. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt has shown Nathaniel and me how we may prepare it in such a + manner as to change the flavor. It must first be dried in the sun until so + hard that it can be pounded to the fineness of meal. This is then mixed + with caviare, by which I mean the eggs, or roe, of the sturgeon, with + sorrel leaves, and with other wholesome herbs. The whole is made into + small balls, or cakes, which are fried over the fire with a plentiful + amount of fat. + </p> + <p> + Such a dish serves us for either bread or meat, or for both on a pinch, + therefore if we lads are careful not to waste our time, Captain Smith may + never come without finding in the larder something that can be eaten. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0076" id="link2H_4_0076"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + TURPENTINE AND TAR + </h2> + <p> + To us in Jamestown the making of anything which we may send back to + England for sale, is of such great importance that we are more curious + regarding the manner in which the work is done, than would be others who + are less eager to see piled up that which will bring money to the people. + </p> + <p> + Therefore it was that Nathaniel and I watched eagerly the making of + turpentine, and found it not unlike the method by which the Indians gain + sugar from maple trees. A strip of bark is taken from the pine, perhaps + eight or ten inches long, and at the lower end of the wound thus made, a + deep notch is cut in the wood. + </p> + <p> + Into this the sap flows, and is scraped out as fast as the cavity is + filled. It is a labor in which all may join, and so plentiful are the pine + trees that if our people of Jamestown set about making turpentine only, + they might load four or five ships in a year. + </p> + <p> + From the making of tar much money can be earned, and it is a simple + process such as I believe I myself might compass, were it not that I have + sufficient of other work to occupy all my time. + </p> + <p> + The pine tree is cut into short pieces, even the roots being used, for, if + I mistake not, more tar may be had from the roots than from the trunks of + the tree. Our people here dig a hollow, much like unto the shape of a + funnel, on the side of a hill, or bank, fill it in with the wood and the + roots, and cover the whole closely with turf. + </p> + <p> + An iron pot is placed at the bottom of this hollow in the earth, and a + fire is built at the top of the pile. While the fuel smolders, the tar + stews out of the wood, falling into the iron pot, and from there is put + into whatsoever vessels may be most convenient in which to carry it over + seas. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0077" id="link2H_4_0077"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE MAKING OF CLAPBOARDS + </h2> + <p> + There is far greater labor required in the making of clapboards, and it is + of a wearisome kind; but Captain Newport declares that clapboards made of + our Virginia cedar are far better in quality than any to be found in + England. Therefore it is Captain Smith keeps as many men as he may, + employed in this work, which is more tiring than difficult. + </p> + <p> + The trunks of the trees are cut into lengths of four feet, and trimmed + both as to branches and bark. An iron tool called a frow, which is not + unlike a butcher's cleaver, is then used to split the log into thin + strips, one edge of which is four or five times thicker than the other. + </p> + <p> + You will understand better the method by picturing to yourself the end of + a round log which has been stood upright for convenience of the workmen. + Now, if you place a frow in such a position that it will split the + thicknesses of an inch or less from the outer side, you will find that the + point of the instrument, which is at the heart of the tree, must come in + such manner as to make the splint very thin on the inner edge. The frow is + driven through the wood by a wooden mallet, to the end that the sides of + the clapboard may be fairly smooth. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt has told me that if we were to put on board a ship the size of + the John and Francis, as many clapboards as she could swim under, the + value of the cargo would be no less than five hundred pounds, and they + would have a ready sale in London, or in other English ports. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0078" id="link2H_4_0078"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PROVIDING FOR THE CHILDREN + </h2> + <p> + And now before I am come to the most terrible time in the history of our + town of James, let me set down that which the London Company has decreed, + for it is of great importance to all those who, like Nathaniel and me, + came over into this land of Virginia before they were men and women grown. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt has written the facts out fairly, to the end that I may + understand them well, he having had the information from Captain Newport, + for it was the last decree made by the London Company before the John and + Francis sailed. + </p> + <p> + I must say, however, that the reason why this decree, or order, whichever + it may be called, has been made, was to the end that men and women, who + had large families of children, might be induced to join us here in + Jamestown, as if we had not already mouths enough to feed. + </p> + <p> + The Council of the Company has decided to allow the use of twenty-five + acres of land for each and every child that comes into Virginia, and all + who are now here, or may come to live at the expense of the Company, are + to be educated in some good trade or profession, in order that they may be + able to support themselves when they have come to the age of four and + twenty years, or have served the time of their apprenticeship, which is to + be no less than seven years. + </p> + <p> + It is further decreed that all of those children when they become of age + or marry, whichever shall happen first, are to have freely given and made + over to them fifty acres of land apiece, which same shall be in Virginia + within the limits of the English plantation. But, these children must be + placed as apprentices under honest and good masters within the grant made + to the London Company, and shall serve for seven years, or until they come + to the age of twenty-four, during which time their masters must bring them + up in some trade or business. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0079" id="link2H_4_0079"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + DREAMS OF THE FUTURE + </h2> + <p> + On hearing this, the question came into my mind as to whether Nathaniel + and I could be called apprentices, inasmuch as we were only houseboys, + according to the name Captain Smith gave us. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt declared that being apprentices to care for the family, was of + as much service as if we were learned in the trade of making tar, + clapboards, or of building ships, and he assured me that if peradventure + he was living when we had been in this land of Virginia seven years, it + should be his duty to see to it that we were given our fifty acres of land + apiece. + </p> + <p> + Thus understanding that we might ourselves in turn one day become + planters, Nathaniel and I had much to say, one with the other, concerning + what should be done in the future. We decided that when the time came for + us to have the land set off to our own use, we would strive that the two + lots of fifty acres each be in one piece. Then would we set about raising + tobacco, as the Indian girl Pocahontas taught us, and who can say that we + might not come to be of some consequence, even as are Captain Smith and + Master Hunt, in this new world. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0080" id="link2H_4_0080"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + A PLAGUE OF RATS + </h2> + <p> + And now am I come to the spring of 1609, when befell us that disaster + which marked the beginning of the time of suffering, of trouble, and of + danger which was so near to wiping out the settlement of Jamestown that + the people had already started on their way to England. + </p> + <p> + The day had come when we should put into the ground our Indian corn that a + harvest might follow. The supply, which was to be used as seed, had been + stored in casks and piled up in the big house wherein were kept our goods. + </p> + <p> + When those who had been chosen to do the planting went for the seed, it + was found to have been destroyed by rats, and not only the corn, but many + other things which were in the storehouse, had been eaten by the same + animals. + </p> + <p> + Master Hunt maintained, and Captain Smith was of the same opinion, that + when the Phoenix was unloaded, the rats came ashore from her, finding + lodging in that building which represented the vital spot of our town. + </p> + <p> + Howsoever the pests came there, certain it was we should reap no harvest + that year, unless the savages became more friendly than they had lately + shown themselves, and as to this we speedily learned. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0081" id="link2H_4_0081"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + TREACHERY DURING CAPTAIN SMITH'S ABSENCE + </h2> + <p> + When Captain Smith set off in the pinnace in order to buy what might serve + us as seed, he found himself threatened by all the brown men living near + about the shores of the bay, as if they had suddenly made up a plot to + kill us, and never one of them would speak him fairly. It was while my + master was away that two Dutchmen, who came over in the Phoenix and had + gone with Captain Smith in the pinnace, returned to Jamestown, saying to + Captain Winne, who was in command at the fort, that Captain Smith had use + for more weapons because of going into the country in the hope of finding + Indians who would supply him with corn. + </p> + <p> + Not doubting their story, the captain supplied them with what they + demanded, and, as was afterward learned, before leaving town that night + they stole many swords, pike heads, shot and powder, all of which these + Dutch thieves carried to Powhatan. + </p> + <p> + If these two had been the only white men who did us wrong, then might our + plight not have become so desperate; but many there were, upwards of + sixteen so Master Hunt declared, who from day to day carried away secretly + such weapons and tools, or powder and shot, as they could come upon, + thereby trusting to the word of the savages that they might live with them + in their villages always, without doing any manner of work. + </p> + <p> + Others sold kettles, hoes, or even swords and guns, that they might buy + fruit, or corn, or meat from the Indians without doing so much of labor as + was necessary in order to gather these things for themselves. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0082" id="link2H_4_0082"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN SMITH'S SPEECH + </h2> + <p> + Jamestown was a scene of turmoil and confusion when Captain Smith came + back from his journey having on board only two baskets of corn for seed. + After understanding what had been done by the idle ones during his + absence, he called all the people together and said unto them, speaking + earnestly, as if pleading for his very life: + </p> + <p> + "Never did I believe white men who were come together in a new world, and + should stand shoulder to shoulder against all the enemies that surround + them, could be so reckless and malicious. It is vain to hope for more help + from Powhatan, and the time has come when I will no longer bear with you + in your idleness; but punish severely if you do not set about the work + which must be done, without further plotting. You cannot deny but that I + have risked my life many a time in order to save yours, when, if you had + been allowed to go your own way, all would have starved. Now I swear + solemnly that you shall not only gather for yourselves the fruits which + the earth doth yield, but for those who are sick. Every one that gathers + not each day as much as I do, shall on the next day be set beyond the + river, forever banished from the fort, to live or starve as God wills." + </p> + <p> + This caused the lazy ones to bestir themselves for the time, and perhaps + all might have gone well with us had not the London Company sent out nine + more vessels, in which were five hundred persons, to join us people in + Jamestown. One of the ships, as we afterward learned, was wrecked in a + hurricane; seven arrived safely, and the ninth vessel we had not heard + from. + </p> + <p> + All these people had expected to find food in plenty, servants to wait + upon them, and everything furnished to hand without being obliged to raise + a finger in their own behalf. What was yet worse, they had among them many + men who believed they were to be made officers of the government. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0083" id="link2H_4_0083"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE NEW LAWS + </h2> + <p> + Now you must understand that with the coming of this fleet we of Jamestown + were told that the London Company had changed all the laws for us in + Virginia, and that Lord De la Warr, who sailed on the ship from which + nothing had been heard, was to be our governor. + </p> + <p> + From that hour did it seem as if all the men in Jamestown, save only half + a dozen, among whom were Captain Smith, Master Hunt and Master Percy, + strove their best to wreck the settlement. + </p> + <p> + Because Lord De la Warr, the new governor, had not arrived, many of the + new comers refused to obey my master, and they were so strong in numbers + that it was not possible for him to force them to his will. + </p> + <p> + Each man strove for himself, regardless of the sick, or of the women and + children. Some banded themselves together in companies, falling upon such + Indian villages as they could easily overcome, and murdered and robbed + until all the brown men of Virginia stood ready to shed the blood of every + white man who crossed their path. + </p> + <p> + Then came that which plunged Nathaniel and me into deepest grief. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0084" id="link2H_4_0084"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE ACCIDENT + </h2> + <p> + Captain Smith had gone up the bay in the hope of soothing the trouble + among the savages, and, failing in this effort, was returning, having got + within four and twenty hours' journey of Jamestown, when the pinnace was + anchored for the night. + </p> + <p> + The boat's company lay down to sleep, and then came that accident, if + accident it may be called, the cause of which no man has ever been able to + explain to the satisfaction of Master Hunt or myself. + </p> + <p> + Captain Smith was asleep, with his powder bag by his side, when in some + manner it was set on fire, and the powder, exploding, tore the flesh from + his body and thighs for the space of nine or ten inches square, even down + to the bones. + </p> + <p> + In his agony, and being thus horribly aroused from sleep, hardly knowing + what he did, he plunged overboard as the quickest way to soothe the pain. + There he was like to have drowned but for Samuel White, who came near to + losing his own life in saving him. + </p> + <p> + He was brought back to the town on the day before the ships of the fleet, + which had brought so many quarrelsome people, were to sail for England. + With no surgeon to dress his wounds, what could he do but depart in one of + these ships with the poor hope of living in agony until he arrived on the + other side of the ocean. + </p> + <p> + Nathaniel and I would have gone with him, willing, because of his + friendship for us, to have served him so long as we lived. He refused to + listen to our prayers, insisting that we were lads well fitted to live in + a new land like Virginia, and that if we would but remain with Master + Hunt, working out our time of apprenticeship, which would be but five + years longer, then might we find ourselves men of importance in the + colony. He doubted not, so he said, but that we would continue, after he + had gone, as we had while he was with us. + </p> + <p> + What could we lads do other than obey, when his commands were laid upon + us, even though our hearts were so sore that it seemed as if it would no + longer be possible to live when he had departed? + </p> + <p> + Even amid his suffering, when one might well have believed that he could + give no heed to anything save his own plight, he spoke to us of what we + should do for the bettering of our own condition. He promised that as soon + as he was come to London, and able to walk around, if so be God permitted + him to live, he would seek out Nathaniel's parents to tell them that the + lad who had run away from his home was rapidly making a man of himself in + Virginia, and would one day come back to gladden their hearts. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0085" id="link2H_4_0085"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CAPTAIN SMITH'S DEPARTURE + </h2> + <p> + It is not well for me to dwell upon our parting with the master whom we + had served more than two years, and who had ever been the most friendly + friend and the most manly man one could ask to meet. + </p> + <p> + Our hearts were sore, when, after having done what little we might toward + carrying him on board the ship, we came back to his house, which he had + said in the presence of witnesses should be ours, and there took up our + lives with Master Hunt. + </p> + <p> + But for that good man's prayers, on this first night we would have + abandoned ourselves entirely to grief; but he devoted his time to soothing + us, showing why we had no right to do other than continue in the course on + which we had been started by the man who was gone from us, until it was, + to my mind at least, as if I should be doing some grievous wrong to my + master, if I failed to carry on the work while he was away, as it would + have been done had I known we were to see him again within the week. + </p> + <p> + With Captain Smith gone, perhaps to his death; with half a dozen men who + claimed the right to stand at the head of the government until Lord De la + Warr should come; and with the savages menacing us on every hand, sore + indeed was our plight. + </p> + <p> + With so many in the town, for there were now four hundred and ninety + persons, and while the savages, because of having been so sorely wronged, + were in arms against us, it was no longer possible to go abroad for food, + and as the winter came on we were put to it even in that land of plenty, + for enough to keep ourselves alive. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0086" id="link2H_4_0086"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE "STARVING TIME" + </h2> + <p> + We came to know what starvation meant during that winter, and were I to + set down here all of the suffering, of the hunger weakness, and of the + selfishness we saw during the six months after Captain Smith sailed for + home, there would not be days enough left in my life to complete the tale. + </p> + <p> + As I look back on it now, it seems more like some wonderful dream than a + reality, wherein men strove with women and children for food to keep life + in their own worthless bodies. + </p> + <p> + It is enough if I say that of the four hundred and ninety persons whom + Captain Smith left behind him, there were, in the month of May of the year + 1610, but fifty-eight left alive. That God should have spared among those, + Nathaniel Peacock and myself, is something which passeth understanding, + for verily there were scores of better than we whose lives would have + advantaged Jamestown more than ours ever can, who died and were buried as + best they could be by the few who had sufficient strength remaining to dig + the graves. + </p> + <p> + I set it down in all truth that, through God's mercy, our lives were saved + by Master Hunt, for he counseled us wisely as to the care we should take + of our bodies when our stomachs were crying out for food, and it was he + who showed us how we might prepare this herb or the bark from that tree + for the sustaining of life, when we had nothing else to put into our + mouths. + </p> + <p> + We had forgotten that Lord De la Warr was the new governor; we had heard + nothing of the ship in which it was said Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George + Somers had sailed. We were come to that pass where we cared neither for + governor nor nobleman. We strove only to keep within our bodies the life + which had become painful. + </p> + <p> + Then it was, when the few of us who yet lived, feared each moment lest the + savages would put an end to us, that we saw sailing up into the bay two + small ships, and I doubt if there was any among us who did not fall upon + his knees and give thanks aloud to God for the help which had come at the + very moment when it had seemed that we were past all aid. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0087" id="link2H_4_0087"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + OUR COURAGE GIVES OUT + </h2> + <p> + But our time of rejoicing was short. Although these two ships were brought + by Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Somers, having in them not less than + one hundred and fifty men, they did not have among them food sufficient to + provide for the wants of our company until another harvest should come. + </p> + <p> + The vessel in which these new comers had sailed was, as I have said, + wrecked in a hurricane near the Bermuda Isles, where, after much labor, + they had contrived to build these two small ships. + </p> + <p> + It needed not that we, who of all our people in Jamestown remained alive, + should tell the story of what we had suffered, for that could be read on + our faces. + </p> + <p> + Neither was it required that these new comers should study long in order + to decide upon the course to be pursued, for the answer to all their + speculations could be found in the empty storehouse, and in the numberless + graves 'twixt there and the river bank. + </p> + <p> + Of provisions, they had so much as might serve for a voyage to England, if + peradventure the winds were favorable; and ere the ships had been at + anchor four and twenty hours, it was resolved that we should abandon this + town of James, which we had hoped might one day grow into a city fair to + look upon. + </p> + <p> + An attempt to build up a nation in this new land of Virginia, of which + ours was the third, had cost of money and of blood more than man could + well set down, and now, after all this brave effort on the part of such + men as Captain Smith, Master Hunt and Master Percy, it was to go for + naught. + </p> + <p> + Once more were the savages to hold undisputed possession of the land which + they claimed as their own. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0088" id="link2H_4_0088"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + ABANDONING JAMESTOWN + </h2> + <p> + Now even though Nathaniel Peacock and I had known more of suffering and of + sorrow, than of pleasure, in Jamestown, our hearts were sore at leaving + it. + </p> + <p> + It seemed to me as if we were running contrary to that which my master + would have commanded, and there were tears in my eyes, of which I was not + ashamed, when Nathaniel and I, hand in hand, followed Master Hunt out of + the house we had helped to build. + </p> + <p> + Those who had come from the shipwreck amid the Bermudas, were rejoicing + because they had failed to arrive in time to share with us the starvation + and the sickness, therefore to them this turning back upon the enterprise + was but a piece of good fortune. Yet were they silent and sad, + understanding our sorrow. + </p> + <p> + It was the eighth day of June, in the year 1610, when we set sail from + Jamestown, believing we were done with the new world forever, and yet + within less than three hours was all our grief changed to rejoicing, all + our sorrow to thankfulness. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0089" id="link2H_4_0089"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + LORD DE LA WARR'S ARRIVAL + </h2> + <p> + At the mouth of the river, sailing toward us bravely as if having come + from some glorious victory, were three ships laden with men, and, as we + afterward came to know, an ample store of provisions. + </p> + <p> + It was Lord De la Warr who had come to take up his governorship, and + verily he was arrived in the very point of time, for had he been delayed + four and twenty hours, we would have been on the ocean, where was little + likelihood of seeing him. + </p> + <p> + It needs not I should say that our ships were turned back, and before + nightfall Master Hunt was sitting in Captain Smith's house, with Nathaniel + Peacock and me cooking for him such a dinner as we three had not known + these six months past. + </p> + <p> + I have finished my story of Jamestown, having set myself to tell only of + what was done there while we were with Captain John Smith. + </p> + <p> + And it is well I should bring this story to an end here, for if I make any + attempt at telling what came to Nathaniel Peacock and myself after that, + then am I like to keep on until he who has begun to read will lay down the + story because of weariness. + </p> + <p> + For the satisfaction of myself, and the better pleasing of Nathaniel + Peacock, however, I will add, concerning our two selves, that we remained + in the land of Virginia until our time of apprenticeship was ended, and + then it was, that Master Hunt did for us as Captain Smith had promised to + do. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0090" id="link2H_4_0090"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + THE YOUNG PLANTERS + </h2> + <p> + We found ourselves, in the year 1614, the owners of an hundred acres of + land which Nathaniel and I had chosen some distance back from the river, + so that we might stand in no danger of the shaking sickness, and built + ourselves a house like unto the one we had helped make for Captain Smith. + </p> + <p> + With the coming of Lord De la Warr all things were changed. The governing + of the people was done as my old master, who never saw Virginia again, I + grieve to say, would have had it. We became a law abiding people, save + when a few hotheads stirred up trouble and got the worst of it. + </p> + <p> + When Nathaniel Peacock and I settled down as planters on our own account, + there were eleven villages in the land of Virginia, and, living in them, + more than four thousand men, women, and children. + </p> + <p> + It was no longer a country over which the savages ruled without check, + though sad to relate, the brown men of the land shed the blood of white + men like water, ere they were driven out from among us. + </p> + <p> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Richard of Jamestown, by James Otis + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RICHARD OF JAMESTOWN *** + +***** This file should be named 7465-h.htm or 7465-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/7/4/6/7465/ + +Produced by Martin Robb, and David Widger + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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