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diff --git a/7484-0.txt b/7484-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cdf0a05 --- /dev/null +++ b/7484-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,801 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Guan Zi--Volume 02: Chapters 6-10, by Zhong Guan + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Guan Zi--Volume 02: Chapters 6-10 + +Author: Zhong Guan + +Posting Date: May 11, 2009 [EBook #7484] +Release Date: February, 2005 +First Posted: May 9, 2003 + +Language: Chinese + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUAN ZI--VOLUME 02: CHAPTERS 6-10 *** + + + + +Produced by Ni-Yen Wu + + + + + + + + +七法第六 + +言是而不能立，言非而不能廢；有功而不能賞，有罪而不能誅，若是而能 +治民者，未之有也。是必立，非必廢，有功必賞，有罪必誅，若是安治矣 +，未也，是何也？曰：形勢器械未具，猶之不治也。形勢器械具四者備， +治矣。不能治其民，而能彊其兵者，未之有也。能治其民矣，而不明於為 +兵之數，猶之不可。不能彊其兵，而能必勝敵國者，未之有也；能彊其兵 +，而不明于勝敵國之理，猶之不勝也。兵不必勝敵國，而能正天下者，未 +之有也。兵必勝敵國矣，而不明正天下之分，猶之不可，故曰：治民有器 +，為兵有數，勝敵國有理。正天下有分：則、象、法、化、決塞、心術、 +計數，根天地之氣，寒暑之和，水土之性，人民鳥獸草木之生物，雖不甚 +多，皆均有焉，而未嘗變也，謂之則。義也、名也、時也、似也、類也、 +比也、狀也、謂之象。尺寸也、繩墨也、規矩也、衡石也、斗斛也、角量 +也、謂之法。漸也、順也、靡也、久也、服也、習也、謂之化。予奪也、 +險易也、利害也、難易也、開閉也、殺生也、謂之決塞。實也、誠也、厚 +也、施也、度也、恕也、謂之心術。剛柔也、輕重也、大小也、實虛也、 +遠近也、多少也、謂之計數。不明於則，而欲出號令，猶立朝夕於鉉均之 +上，檐竿而欲定其末。不明於象，而欲論材審用，猶絕長以為短，續短以 +為長。不明於法，而欲治民一眾，猶左書而右息之。不明於化，而欲變俗 +易教，猶朝揉輪而夕欲乘車。不明於決塞，而欲敺眾移民，猶使水逆流。 +不明於心術，而欲行令於人，猶倍招而必拘之。不明於計數，而欲舉大事 +，猶無舟楫而欲經於水險也。故曰：錯儀畫制，不知則不可。論材審用， +不知象不可。和民一眾，不知法不可。變俗易教，不知化不可。敺眾移民 +，不知決塞不可。布令必行，不知心術不可。舉事必成，不知計數不可。 + +右七法 + +百匿傷上威。姦吏傷官法。姦民傷俗教。賊盜傷國眾。威傷，則重在下。 +法傷，則貨上流。教傷，則從令者不輯。眾傷，則百姓不安其居。重在下 +，則令不行。貨上流，則官徒毀。從令者不輯，則百事無功。百姓不安其 +居，則輕民處而重民散，輕民處，重民散，則地不辟；地不辟，則六畜不 +育；六畜不育，則國貧而用不足；國貧而用不足，則兵弱而士不厲；兵弱 +而士不厲，則戰不勝而守不固；戰不勝而守不固，則國不安矣。故曰：常 +令不審，則百匿勝；官爵不審，則姦吏勝；符籍不審，則姦民勝；刑法不 +審，則盜賊勝；國之四經敗，人君泄見危，人君泄，則言實之士不進；言 +實之士不進，則國之情偽不竭于上。世主所貴者寶也，所親者戚也，所愛 +者民也，所重者爵祿也，亡君則不然，致所貴，非寶也，致所親，非戚也 +；致所愛，非民也；致所重，非爵祿也，故不為重寶虧其命，故曰：「令 +貴於寶」。不為愛親危其社稷，故曰：「社稷戚於親」。不為愛人枉其法 +，故曰：「法愛於人」。不為重爵祿分其威，故曰：「威重於爵祿」。不 +通此四者，則反於無有。故曰：治人如治水潦，養人如養六畜，用人如用 +草木。居身論道行理，則群臣服教，百吏嚴斷，莫敢開私焉。論功計勞， +未嘗失法律也。便辟、左右、大族、尊貴、大臣、不得增其功焉。疏遠、 +卑賤、隱不知之人、不忘其勞，故有罪者不怨上，愛賞者無貪心，則列陳 +之士，皆輕其死而安難，以要上事，本兵之極也。 + +右四傷百匿 + +為兵之數，存乎聚財，而財無敵。存乎論工，而工無敵。存乎制器，而器 +無敵。存乎選士，而士無敵。存乎政教，而政教無敵。存乎服習，而服習 +無敵。存乎遍知天下，而遍知天下無敵。存乎明於機數，而明於機數無敵 +。故兵未出境，而無敵者八；是以欲正天下，財不蓋天下，不能正天下； +財蓋天下，而工不蓋天下，不能正天下；工蓋天下，而器不蓋天下，不能 +正天下；器蓋天下，而士不蓋天下，不能正天下；士蓋天下，而教不蓋天 +下，不能正天下；教蓋天下，而習不蓋天下，不能正天下；習蓋天下，而 +不遍知天下，不能正天下；遍知天下，而不明於機數，不能正天下；故明 +於機數者，用兵之勢也。大者時也，小者計也。王道非廢也，而天下莫敢 +窺者，王者之正也。衡庫者，天子之禮也。是故器成卒選，則士知勝矣。 +遍知天下，審御機數，則獨行而無敵矣。所愛之國，而獨利之；所惡之國 +，而獨害之；則令行禁止，是以聖王貴之。勝一而服百，則天下畏之矣。 +立少而觀多，則天下懷之矣。罰有罪，賞有功，則天下從之矣。故聚天下 +之精財，論百工之銳器，春秋角試，以練精銳為右；成器不課不用，不試 +不藏。收天下之豪傑，有天下之駿雄；故舉之如飛鳥，動之如雷電，發之 +如風雨，莫當其前，莫害其後，獨出獨入，莫敢禁圉。成功立事，必順於 +禮義，故不禮不勝天下，不義不勝人；故賢知之君，必立於勝地，故正天 +下而莫之敢御也。 + +右為兵之數 + +若夫曲制時舉，不失天時，毋壙地利。其數多少，其要必出於計數。故凡 +攻伐之為道也，計必先定于內，然後兵出乎境；計未定於內，而兵出乎境 +，是則戰之自勝，攻之自毀也。是故張軍而不能戰。圍邑而不能攻。得地 +而不能實，三者見一焉。則可破毀也。故不明于敵人之政，不能加也，不 +明于敵人之情，不可約也。不明于敵人之將，不先軍也。不明于敵人之士 +，不先陳也。是故以眾擊寡，以治擊亂，以富擊貧，以能擊不能，以教卒 +練士擊敺眾白徒。故十戰十勝，百戰百勝。故事無備，兵無主，則不蚤知 +。野不辟，地無吏，則無蓄積。官無常，下怨上，而器械不功。朝無政， +則賞罰不明。賞罰不明，則民幸生。故蚤知敵人如獨行，有蓄積，則久而 +不匱。器械功，則伐而不費。賞罰明，則人不幸。人不幸，則勇士勸之。 +故兵也者。審於地圖，謀十官。日量蓄積，齊勇士，遍知天下，審御機數 +，兵主之事也。故有風雨之行，故能不遠道里矣。有飛鳥之舉，故能不險 +山河矣。有雷電之戰，故能獨行而無敵矣。有水旱之功，故能攻國救邑。 +有金城之守，故能定宗廟，育男女矣。有一體之治，故能出號令，明憲法 +矣。風雨之行者，速也。飛鳥之舉者，輕也。雷電之戰者，士不齊也。水 +旱之功者，野不收，耕不穫也。金城之守者，用貨財，設耳目也。一體之 +治者。去奇說。禁雕俗也。不遠道里，故能威絕域之民，不險山河，故能 +服恃固之國。獨行無敵，故令行而禁止。故攻國救邑，不恃權與之國，故 +所指必聽。定宗廟，育男女，天下莫之能傷，然後可以有國。制儀法，出 +號令，莫不嚮應，然後可以治民一眾矣。 + +右選陳 + + +版法第七 + +凡將立事，正彼天植，風雨無違。遠近高下，各得其嗣。三經既飭，君乃 +有國。喜無以賞，怒無以殺；喜以賞，怒以殺，怨乃起，令乃廢，驟令不 +行，民心乃外。外之有徒，禍乃始牙。眾之所忿，置不能圖。舉所美，必 +觀其所終。廢所惡，必計其所窮。慶勉敦敬以顯之，富祿有功以勸之，爵 +貴有名以休之。兼愛無遺，是謂君心。必先順教，萬民鄉風。旦暮利之， +眾乃勝任。取人以己，成事以質。審用財，慎施報，察稱量；故用財不可 +以嗇，用力不可以苦。用財嗇則費，用力苦則勞。民不足，令乃辱。民苦 +殃，令不行。施報不得，禍乃始昌。禍昌不寤，民乃自圖。正法直度，罪 +殺不赦。殺僇必信，民畏而懼。武威既明，令不再行，頓卒怠倦以辱之， +罰罪宥過以懲之，殺僇犯禁以振之。植固不動，倚邪乃恐。倚革邪化，令 +往民移。法天合德，象法無親。參於日月，佐於四時。悅在施有，眾在廢 +私。召遠在修近，閉禍在除怨。修長在乎任賢，高安在乎同利。 + + +幼官第八 + +若因夜虛守靜人物，人物則皇。五和時節，君服黃色，味甘味，聽宮聲， +治和氣，用五數，飲於黃后之井，以(人果)獸之火爨，藏溫濡，行敺養， +坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形生理。常至命，尊賢授德，則帝。身仁行義，服 +忠用信，則王。審謀章禮，選士利械，則霸。定生處死，謹賢修伍，則眾 +。信賞審罰，爵材祿能，則強。計凡付終，務本飭末，則富。明法審數， +立常備能，則治。同異分官，則安。通之以道，畜之以惠，親之以仁，養 +之以義，報之以德，結之以信，接之以禮，和之以樂，期之以事，攻之以 +官，發之以力，威之以誠。一舉而上下得終，再舉而民無不從，三舉而地 +辟散成，四舉而農佚粟十，五舉而務輕金九，六舉而絜知事變，七舉而外 +內為用，八舉而勝行威立，九舉而帝事成形，九本搏大，人主之守也。八 +分有職，卿相之守也。十官飾勝備威，將軍之守也。六紀審密，賢人之守 +也。五紀不解，庶人之守也。動而無不從，靜而無不同。治亂之本三，尊 +卑之交四，富貧之經五，盛衰之紀六，安危之機七，強弱之應八，存亡之 +數九。練之以散群傰署。凡數財署，殺僇以聚財，勸勉以選眾，使二分具 +本。發善必審於密，執威必明於中。此居圖方中。春行冬政，肅。行秋政 +，雷。行夏政，閹。十二，地氣發，戒春事。十二，小卯，出耕。十二， +天氣下，賜與。十二，義氣至，修門閭。十二，清明，發禁。十二，始卯 +，合男女。十二，中卯。十二，下卯。三卯同事，八舉時節。君服青色， +味酸味，聽角聲，治燥氣，用八數，飲於青后之井。以羽獸之火爨。藏不 +忍，行敺養。坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形生理。合內空周外。強國為圈，弱 +國為屬。動而無不從，靜而無不同。舉發以禮，時禮必得。和好不基。貴 +賤無司，事變日至。此居於圖東方方外。夏行春政，風。行冬政，落。重 +則雨雹。行秋政，水。十二，小郢至，德。十二，絕氣下，下爵賞。十二 +，中郢，賜與。十二，中絕，收聚。十二，大暑至，盡善。十二，中暑。 +十二，小暑終。三暑同事。七舉時節，君服赤色，味苦味，聽羽聲，治陽 +氣，用七數。飲於赤后之井。以毛獸之火爨。藏薄純，行篤厚，坦氣修通 +，凡物開靜，形生理。定府官，明名分，而審責於群臣有司，則下不乘上 +，賤不乘貴，法立數得，而無比周之民，則上尊而下卑，遠近不乖，此居 +於圖南方方外。秋行夏政，葉。行春政，華。行冬政，秏。十二，期風至 +，戒秋事。十二，小卯，薄百爵。十二，白露下，收聚。十二，復理，賜 +與。十二，始節賦事。十二，始卯，合男女。十二，中卯。十二，下卯。 +三卯同事。九和時節，君服白色，味辛味，聽商聲，治溼氣，用九數。飲 +於白后之井。以介蟲之火爨。藏恭敬，行搏銳，坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形 +生理。閒男女之畜，修鄉閭之什伍。量委積之多寡，定府官之計數。養老 +弱而勿通，信利周而無私，此居於圖西方方外。冬行秋政，霧。行夏政， +雷。行春政，烝泄。十二，始寒，盡刑。十二，小榆，賜予。十二，中寒 +，收聚。十二，中榆，大收。十二，寒至，靜。十二，大寒，之陰。十二 +，大寒終三寒同事。六行時節，君服黑色，味鹹味，聽徵聲，治陰氣，用 +六數，飲於黑后之井。以鱗獸之火爨。藏慈厚，行薄純。坦氣修通，凡物 +開靜，形生理。器成於僇，教行於鈔。動靜不記，行止無量。戒審四時以 +別息，異出入以兩易，明養生以解固，審取予以總之。一會諸侯，令曰： +「非玄帝之命，毋有一日之師役」。再會諸侯，令曰：養孤老，食常疾， +收孤寡。三會諸侯，令曰：田租百取五。市賦百取二。關賦百取一。毋乏 +耕織之器。四會諸侯，令曰：修道路，偕度量，一稱數。藪澤以時禁發之 +。五會諸侯，令曰：修春秋冬夏之常祭，食。天壤山川之故祀，必以時。 +六會諸侯，令曰：以爾壤生物共玄官，請四輔，將以禮上帝。七會諸侯， +令曰：官處四體而無禮者。流之焉莠命。八會諸侯，令曰：立四義而毋議 +者，尚之于玄官，聽于三公。九會諸侯，令曰：以爾封內之財物，國之所 +有為幣。九會，大命焉出，常至。千里之外，二千里之內。諸侯三年而朝 +習命。二年，三卿使四輔。一年正月朔日，令大夫來修。受命三公。二千 +里之外，三千里之內，諸侯五年而會至習命。三年，名卿請事。二年，大 +夫通吉凶。十年，重適入，正禮義。五年，大夫請受變。三千里之外，諸 +侯世一至，置大夫以為廷安，入，共受命焉。此居於圖北方方外。必得文 +威武官習，勝之，務時因，勝之。終無方，勝之。幾行義，勝之。理名實 +，勝之。急時分，勝之。事察伐，勝之。行備具，勝之。原無象，勝之。 +本定獨威，勝。定計財，勝。定聞知，勝。定選士，勝。定制祿，勝。定 +方用，勝。定綸理，勝。定死生，勝。定成敗，勝。定依奇，勝。定實虛 +，勝。定盛衰，勝。舉機誠要，則敵不量。用利至誠，則敵不校。明名章 +實，則士死節。奇舉發不意，則士歡用。交物因方，則械器備。因能利備 +，則求必得。執務明本，則士不偷。備具無常，無方應也。聽於鈔，故能 +聞未極。視於新，故能見未形，思於濬，故能知未始。發於驚，故能至無 +量。動於昌，故能得其寶。立於謀，故能實不可故也。器成教守，則不遠 +道里。號審教施，則不險山河。博一純固，則獨行而無敵。慎號審章，則 +其攻不待權與。明必勝，則慈者勇。器無方，則愚者智。攻不守，則拙者 +巧。數也。動慎十號。明審九章。飾習十器。善習五官。謹修三官。必設 +常主。計必先定。求天下之精材。論百工之銳器。器成，角試否臧。收天 +下之豪傑，有天下之稱材。說行若風雨，發如雷電。此居於圖方中。旗物 +尚青，兵尚矛。刑則交寒害釱。器成不守，經不知。教習不著，發不意。 +經不知，故莫之能圉。發不意，故莫之能應。莫之能應，故全勝而無害。 +莫之能圉，故必勝而無敵。四機不明，不過九日，而游兵驚軍。障塞不審 +，不過八日，而外賊得閒。由守不慎，不過七日，而內有讒謀。詭禁不修 +，不過六日，而竊盜者起。死亡不食，不過四日，而軍財在敵。此居於圖 +東方方外。旗物尚赤。兵尚戟。刑則燒交彊郊。必明其一，必明其將，必 +明其政，必明其士。四者備，則以治擊亂，以成擊敗。數戰則士疲，數勝 +則君驕，驕君使疲民，則國危。至善不戰，其次一之。大勝者積眾。勝無 +非義者，焉可以為大勝。大勝，無不勝也。此居於圖南方方外。旗物尚白 +，兵尚劍。刑則紹昧斷絕。始乎無端，卒乎無窮。始乎無端，道也。卒乎 +無窮，德也。道不可量，德不可數。不可量，則眾強不能圖。不可數，則 +為軸不敢鄉。兩者備施，動靜有功。畜之以道，養之以德。畜之以道，則 +民和，養之以德，則民合。和合故能習；習故能偕。偕習以悉。莫之能傷 +也。此居於圖西方方外。旗物尚黑，兵尚脅盾。刑則游仰灌流。察數而知 +治，審器而識勝。明謀而適勝。通德而天下定。定宗廟。育男女。官四分 +，則可以立威、行、德、制法儀、出號令。至善之為兵也，非地是求也， +罰人是君也。立義而加之以勝，至威而實之以德。守之而後修，勝心焚海 +內。民之所利立之，所害除之，則民人從。立為六千里之侯。則大人從。 +使國君得其治。則人君從會。請命於天地，知氣和，則生物從。計緩急之 +事。則危危而無難。明於器械之利，則涉難而不變。察於先後之理，則兵 +出而不困。通於出入之度，則深入而不危。審於動靜之務，則功得而無害 +。著於取與之分，則得地而不執。慎於號令之官。則舉事而有功。此居於 +圖北方方外。 + + +幼官圖第九 + +若因處虛守靜人物則皇。五和時節，君服黃色，味甘味，聽宮聲，治和氣 +，用五數，飲於黃后之井，以(人果)獸之火爨，藏溫濡，行敺養，坦氣修 +通，凡物開靜，形生理。常至命，尊賢授德，則帝。身仁行義，服忠用信 +，則王。審謀章禮，選士利械，則霸。定生處死，謹賢修伍，則眾。信賞 +審罰，爵材祿能，則強。計凡付終，務本飾末，則富。明法審數，立常備 +能，則治。同異分官，則安。通之以道，畜之以惠，親之以仁，養之以義 +，報之以德，結之以信，接之以禮，和之以樂，期之以事，攻之以言，發 +之以力，威之以誠，一舉而上下得終，再舉而民無不從，三舉而地辟散成 +，四舉而農佚粟十，五舉而務輕金九，六舉而絜知事變，七舉而內外為用 +，八舉而勝行威立，九舉而帝事成形。九本搏大，人主之守也。八分有職 +，卿相之守也。七官飾勝備威，將軍之守也。六紀審密，賢人之守也，五 +紀不解，庶人之守也。動而無不從，靜而無不同。治亂之本三，卑尊之交 +四，富貧之終五，盛衰之紀六，安危之機七，強弱之應八，存亡之數九。 +練之以散群傰署，凡數財署。殺僇以聚財，勸勉以選眾，使二分具本，發 +善必審於密，執威必明於中，此居圖方中。 + +右中方本圖 + +必得文威武官習，勝之。務時因，勝之。終無方，勝之。幾行義，勝之。 +理名實，勝之。急時分，勝之。事察伐，勝之。行備具，勝之，原無象， +勝之。本定獨威，勝。定計財，勝。定知聞，勝。定選士，勝。定制祿， +勝。定方用，勝。定綸理，勝。定死生，勝。定成敗，勝。定依奇，勝。 +定實虛，勝。定盛衰，勝。舉機誠要，則敵不量。用利至誠，則敵不校。 +明名章實，則士死節。奇舉發不意，則士歡用。交物因方，則械器備。因 +能利備，則求必得。執務明本，則士不偷。備具無常，無方應也。聽於鈔 +，故能聞無極。視於新，故能見未形。思於濬，故能知未始。發於驚，故 +能至無量。動於昌，故能得其寶。立於謀，故能實不可故也。器成教守， +則不遠道里。號審教施，則不險山河。博一純固，則獨行而無敵。慎號審 +章，則其攻不待。權與明必勝，則慈者勇。器無方，則愚者智。攻不守， +則拙者巧。數也。動慎十號。明審九章。飾習十器。善習五官。謹修三官 +。必設常主。計必先定，求天下之精材。論百工之銳器。器成，角試否臧 +。收天下之豪傑，有天下之稱材。說行若風雨，發如雷電，此居於圖方中 +。 + +右中方副圖 + +春行冬政，肅。行秋政，雷。行夏政，則閹。十二，地氣發，戒春事。十 +二，小卯，出耕。十二，天氣下，賜與。十二，義氣至，修門閭。十二， +清明，發禁。十二，始卯，合男女。十二，中卯。十二，下卯。三卯同事 +。八舉時節，君服青色，味酸味，聽角聲，治燥氣，用八數，飲於青后之 +井，以羽獸之火爨，藏不忍，行敺養，坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形生理。合 +內空周外，強國為圈，弱國為屬。動而無不從，靜而無不同。舉發以禮， +時禮必得。和好不基，貴賤無司，事變日至，此居於圖東方方外。 + +右東方本圖 + +旗物尚青，兵尚矛，刑則交寒害釱。器成不守，經不知。教習不著，發不 +意。經不知，故莫之能圉。發不意，故莫之能應。莫之能應，故全勝而無 +害。莫之能圉，故必勝而無敵。四機不明，不過九日，而游兵驚軍。障塞 +不審，不過八日，而外賊得間。由守不慎，不過七日，而內有讒謀。詭禁 +不修，不過六日，而竊盜者起。死亡不食，不過四日，而軍財在敵，此居 +於圖東方方外。 + +右東方副圖 + +夏行春政，風。行冬政，落。重則雨雹。行秋政，水。十二，小郢，至德 +。十二，絕氣下，下爵賞。十二，中郢，賜與。十二，中絕，收聚。十二 +，大暑，至盡善。十二，中暑。十二，小暑。終三暑同事。七舉時節，君 +服赤色，味苦味，聽羽聲，治陽氣，用七數，飲於赤后之井，以毛獸之火 +爨，藏薄純，行篤厚，坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形生理。定府官，明名分， +而審責於群臣有司，則下不乘上，賤不乘貴，法立數得，而無比周之民， +則上尊而下卑，遠近不乖，此居於圖南方方外。 + +右南方本圖 + +旗物尚赤，兵尚戟，刑則燒交彊郊。必明其一，必明其將，必明其政，必 +明其士，四者備，則以治擊亂，以成擊敗。數戰則士疲，數勝則君驕，驕 +君使疲民，則危國。至善不戰，其次一之。大勝者積眾，勝而無非義者， +焉可以為大勝。大勝，無不勝也。此居於圖南方方 +外。 + +右南方副圖 + +秋行夏政，葉。行春政，華。行冬政，秏。十二，期風至，戒秋事。十二 +，小卯，薄百爵。十二，白露下，收聚。十二，復理，賜予。十二，始前 +節第賦事。十二，始卯，合男女。十二，中卯。十二，下卯。三卯同事。 +九和時節，君服白色，味辛味，聽商聲，治溼氣，用九數，飲於白后之井 +，以介蟲之火爨，藏恭敬，行搏銳，坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形生理。閒男 +女之畜，修鄉里之什伍，量委積之多寡，定府官之計數，養老弱而勿通， +信利害而無私。此居於圖西方方外。 + +右西方本圖 + +旗物尚白，兵尚劍，刑則紹昧斷絕。始乎無端，卒乎無窮。始乎無端，道 +也。卒乎無窮，德也。道不可量，德不可數。不可量，則眾強不能圖。不 +可數，則為軸不敢鄉。兩者備施，動靜有功。畜之以道，養之以德。畜之 +以道，則民和。養之以德，則民合。和合故能習，習故能偕，偕習以悉， +莫之能傷也。此居於圖西方方外。 + +右西方副圖 + +冬行秋政，霧。行夏政，雷。行春政，烝泄。十二，始寒，盡刑。十二， +小榆，賜予。十二，中寒，收聚。十二，中榆，大收。十二，寒至，靜。 +十二，大寒，之陰。十二，大寒終。三寒同事。六行時節，君服黑色，味 +鹹味，聽徵聲，治陰氣，用六數，飲於黑后之井，以鱗獸之火爨，藏慈厚 +，行薄純，坦氣修通，凡物開靜，形生理。器成於僇，教行於鈔，動靜不 +記，行止無量。戒審四時以別息，異出入以兩易，明養生以解固，審取與 +以總之。一會諸侯，令曰：非玄帝之命，毋有一日之師役。再會諸侯，令 +曰：養孤老，食常疾，收孤寡。三會諸侯，令曰：田租百取五，市賦百取 +二，關賦百取一，毋乏耕織之器。四會諸侯，令曰：修道路，偕度量，一 +稱數，毋征藪澤，以時禁發之。五會諸侯，令曰：修春秋冬夏之常祭，食 +天壤山川之故祀，必以時。六會諸侯，令曰：以爾壤生物共玄官，請四輔 +，將以祀上帝。七會諸侯，令曰：官處四體而無禮者，流之焉莠命。八會 +諸侯，令曰：立四義而無議者，尚之于玄官，聽於三公。九會諸侯，令曰 +：以爾封內之財物，國之所有為幣。九會，大命焉出，常至。千里之外， +二千里之內，諸侯三年而朝習命。二年，三卿使四輔。一年正月朔日，令 +大夫來修，受命三公。二千里之外，三千里之內，諸侯五年而會至習命。 +三年，名卿請事。二年，大夫通吉凶。七年重適入，正禮義。五年，大夫 +請變。三千里之外，諸侯世一至，置大夫以為廷安，入共受命焉。此居於 +圖北方方外。 + +右北方本圖 + +旗物尚黑，兵尚脅盾，刑則游仰灌流。察數而知治，審器而識勝，明謀而 +適勝，通德而天下定。定宗廟，育男女，官四分，則可以立威行德，制法 +儀，出號令。至善之為兵也，非地是求也，罰人是君也；立義而加之以勝 +，至威而實之以德，守之而後修，勝心焚海內。民之所利立之，所害除之 +，則民人從。立為六千里之侯，則大人從。使國君得其治，則人君從會。 +請命於天地，知氣和，則生物從。計緩急之事，則危危而無難。明於器械 +之利，則涉難而不變。察於先後之理，則兵出而不困。通於出入之度，則 +深入而不危。審於動靜之務，則功得而無害也。著於取與之分，則得地而 +不執。慎於號令之官，則舉事而有功。此居於圖北方方外。 + +右北方副圖 + +五輔第十 + +古之聖王，所以取明名廣譽，厚功大業，顯於天下，不忘於後世，非得人 +者，未之嘗聞。暴王之所以失國家，危社稷，覆宗廟，滅於天下，非失人 +者，未之嘗聞。今有士之君，皆處欲安，動欲威，戰欲勝，守欲固，大者 +欲王天下，小者欲霸諸侯。而不務得人，是以小者兵挫而地削，大者身死 +而國亡，故曰：人不可不務也。此天下之極也。曰：然則得人之道，莫如 +利之。利之之道，莫如教之以政，故善為政者，田疇墾而國邑實，朝廷閒 +而官府治，公法行而私曲止，倉廩實而囹圄空，賢人進而奸民退，其君子 +上中正而下諂諛。其士民貴武勇而賤得利。其庶人好耕農而惡飲食。於是 +財用足，而飲食薪菜饒。是故上必寬裕，而有解舍。下必聽從，而不疾怨 +。上下和同，而有禮義，故處安而動威，戰勝而守固，是以一戰而正諸侯 +。不能為政者，田疇荒而國邑虛，朝廷兇而官府亂。公法廢而私曲行，倉 +廩虛而囹圄實，賢人退而奸民進，其君子上諂諛而下中正，其士民貴得利 +而賤武勇，其庶人好飲食而惡耕農，於是財用匱而食飲薪菜乏，上彌殘苟 +，而無解舍，下愈覆鷙而不聽從，上下交引而不和同，故處不安而動不威 +，戰不勝而守不固，是以小者兵挫而地削，大者身死而國亡，故以此觀之 +，則政不可不慎也。德有六興，義有七體，禮有八經，法有五務，權有三 +度，所謂六興者何？曰：辟田疇，利壇宅。修樹蓺，勸士民，勉稼穡，修 +牆屋，此謂厚其生。發伏利，輸墆積修道途，便關市，慎將宿，此謂輸之 +以財。導水潦，利陂溝，決潘渚，潰泥滯，通鬱閉，慎津梁，此謂遺之以 +利，薄徵斂，輕征賦，弛刑罰，赦罪戾，宥小過，此謂寬其政。養長老， +慈幼孤，恤鰥寡，問疾病，弔禍喪，此謂匡其急。衣凍寒。食飢渴，匡貧 +窶，振罷露。資乏絕，此謂振其窮。凡此六者，德之興也。六者既布，則 +民之所欲，無不得矣。夫民必得其所欲，然後聽上，聽上，然後政可善為 +也，故曰德不可不興也。曰：民知德矣，而未知義，然後明行以導之義， +義有七體，七體者何？曰：孝悌慈惠，以養親戚。恭敬忠信，以事君上。 +中正比宜，以行禮節。整齊撙詘，以辟刑僇。纖嗇省用，以備飢饉。敦懞 +純固，以備禍亂。和協輯睦，以備寇戎。凡此七者，義之體也。夫民必知 +義然後中正，中正然後和調，和調乃能處安，處安然後動威，動威乃可以 +戰勝而守固，故曰義不可不行也。曰：民知義矣，而未知禮，然後飾八經 +以導之禮。所謂八經者何？曰：上下有義，貴賤有分，長幼有等貧富有度 +，凡此八者，禮之經也。故上下無義則亂，貴賤無分則爭，長幼無等則倍 +，貧富無度則失。上下亂，貴賤爭，長幼倍，貧富失，而國不亂者，未之 +嘗聞也。是故聖王飭此八禮，以導其民；八者各得其義，則為人君者，中 +正而無私。為人臣者，忠信而不黨。為人父者，慈惠以教。為人子者，孝 +悌以肅。為人兄者，寬裕以誨。為人弟者，比順以敬。為人夫者，敦懞以 +固。為人妻者，勸勉以貞。夫然則下不倍上，臣不殺君，賤不踰貴，少不 +陵長，遠不閒親，新不閒舊，小不加大，淫不破義，凡此八者，禮之經也 +。夫人必知禮然後恭敬，恭敬然後尊讓，尊讓然後少長貴賤不相踰越，少 +長貴賤不相踰越，故亂不生而患不作，故曰禮不可不謹也。曰：民知禮矣 +，而未知務，然後布法以任力，任力有五務，五務者何？曰：君擇臣而任 +官，大夫任官辯事，官長任事守職，士修身功材，庶人耕農樹藝。君擇臣 +而任官，則事不煩亂。大夫任官辯事，則舉措時。官長任事守職，則動作 +和。士修身功材，則賢良發。庶人耕農樹藝，則財用足。故曰：凡此五者 +，力之務也。夫民必知務，然後心一，心一然後意專，心一而意專，然後 +功足觀也。故曰：力不可不務也。曰：民知務矣，而未知權，然後考三度 +以動之；所謂三度者何？曰：上度之天祥，下度之地宜，中度之人順，此 +所謂三度。故曰：天時不祥，則有水旱。地道不宜，則有饑饉。人道不順 +，則有禍亂；此三者之來也，政召之。曰：審時以舉事，以事動民，以民 +動國，以國動天下。天下動，然後功名可成也，故民必知權然後舉錯得。 +舉錯得則民和輯，民和輯則功名立矣，故曰：權不可不度也。故曰五經既 +布，然後逐姦民，詰軸偽，屏讒慝，而毋聽淫辭，毋作淫巧。若民有淫行 +邪性，樹為淫辭，作為淫巧，以上諂君上，而下惑百姓，移國動眾，以害 +民務者，其刑死流，故曰：凡人君之所以內失百姓，外失諸侯，兵挫而地 +削，名卑而國虧，社稷滅覆，身體危殆，非生於諂淫者未之嘗聞也。何以 +知其然也？曰：淫聲諂耳，淫觀諂目，耳目之所好諂心，心之所好傷民， +民傷而身不危者，未之嘗聞也。曰：實壙虛，墾田疇，修牆屋，則國家富 +。節飲食，撙衣服，則財用足。舉賢良，務功勞，布德惠，則賢人進。逐 +姦人，詰軸偽，去讒慝，則姦人止。修饑饉，救災害，振罷露，則國家定 +。明王之務，在於強本事，去無用，然後民可使富。論賢人，用有能，而 +民可使治。薄稅斂，毋苟於民，待以忠愛，而民可使親；三者，霸王之事 +也。事有本而仁義其要也，今工以巧矣，而民不足於備用者，其悅在玩好 +。農以勞矣，而天下飢者，其悅在珍怪，方丈陳於前。女以巧矣，而天下 +寒者，其悅在文繡。是故博帶梨，大袂列，文繡染，刻鏤削，雕琢采。關 +幾而不征，市酁(毚改廛)而不稅。是故古之良工，不勞其知巧以為玩好， +無用之物，守法者不失。 + + + + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Guan Zi--Volume 02: Chapters 6-10, by Zhong Guan + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUAN ZI--VOLUME 02: CHAPTERS 6-10 *** + +***** This file should be named 7484-0.txt or 7484-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/7/4/8/7484/ + +Produced by Ni-Yen Wu + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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