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Text: + THE AMERICAN RED CROSS MAGAZINE / VOLUME EIGHT/ NUMBER TWO / APRIL + 1913 / ISSUED FROM THE NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON, D. C. / + FOUNDED TO AID IN THE PREVENTION AND ALLEVIATION OF HUMAN SUFFERING + IN TIMES OF PEACE AND WAR"> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter contents"> + +<div class="box"> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS</h2> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<table> + <tr> + <td>American Red Cross Officers</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#The_American_Red_Cross">2</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Form of Bequest</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#FORM_OF_BEQUEST">3</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Frontispiece</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#illus01">4</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Opinion and Comment</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Opinion_and_Comment">5</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">New name, new paper, new department.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Mayor Gaynor’s Southern Flood Relief Committee.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Cincinnati Chapter wide awake.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Chapter news wanted for publication.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Red Cross law and those who violate it.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Our countrymen’s splendid service in Turkey.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Brigadier-General Carroll A. Devol, U. S. A.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Physicians will help the Red Cross.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">The forty-ninth State Board.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">The Red Cross in Baltimore.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">The Red Cross Building.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Vivid Glimpses of the American Red Cross in Turkey</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Vivid_Glimpses_of_the_American_Red_Cross_in_Turkey">12</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Fighting the Cholera in San Stefano.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Situation in Salonica.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Red Cross Work for Refugees in Western Asia Minor.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Activities of the Red Crescent Society.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Savages four hundred years ago.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Faik Pasha Della-Sudda.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Red Cross and White Cross in Mexico</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Red_Cross_and_White_Cross_in_Mexico">27</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Dynamite Explosion at Baltimore</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Dynamite_Explosion_at_Baltimore">33</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Public Works and Relief in China</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Public_Works_and_Relief_in_China">34</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Nicaraguan Famine Relief</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Nicaraguan_Famine_Relief">39</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Important Conference on Red Cross Christmas Seals</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Important_Conference_on_Red_Cross_Christmas_Seals">41</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>What the Red Cross Seal has done for Brooklyn</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#What_the_Red_Cross_Seal_Has_Done_for_Brooklyn">45</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>First Aid Department</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#First_Aid_Department">48</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>First Aid in Australia</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#First_Aid_in_Australia">52</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Red Cross Nursing Service</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#Red_Cross_Nursing_Service">54</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Rural Nursing.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Home Nursing and First Aid Instruction for Women.</td> + <td class="tdpg"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>The Red Cross at the Inauguration</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#The_Red_Cross_at_the_Inauguration">60</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Red Cross Endowment Fund</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#The_Endowment_Fund_Committees">63</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Advertising Section</td> + <td class="tdpg"><a href="#ADVERTISEMENTS">65</a></td> + </tr> +</table> + +</div> + +</div> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_American_Red_Cross"><span class="smcap">The American Red Cross</span></h2> + +</div> + +<h3><i>President</i></h3> + +<ul class="center"> +<li><span class="smcap">Hon. William H. Taft</span></li> +</ul> + +<h3><i>Vice-President</i></h3> + +<ul class="center"> +<li><span class="smcap">Mr. Robert W. de Forest</span></li> +</ul> + +<h3><i>Treasurer</i></h3> + +<ul class="center"> +<li><span class="smcap">Hon. Sherman Allen</span></li> +</ul> + +<h3><i>Counselor</i></h3> + +<ul class="center"> +<li><span class="smcap">Hon. William Marshall Bullitt</span></li> +</ul> + +<h3><i>National Director</i></h3> + +<ul class="center"> +<li><span class="smcap">Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell</span></li> +</ul> + +<h3><i>Secretary</i></h3> + +<ul class="center"> +<li><span class="smcap">Mr. Charles L. Magee</span></li> +</ul> + +<h3>CENTRAL COMMITTEE</h3> + +<h4><i>Appointed by the President of the United States.</i></h4> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Major General George W. Davis, U. S. A. (Retired),<br><i>Chairman</i>.</li> +<li>Honorable Huntington Wilson, Assistant Secretary of State,<br>To represent the Department of State.</li> +<li>Honorable Sherman Allen, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury,<br>To represent the Department of the Treasury.</li> +<li>Brigadier General George H. Torney, Surgeon General, U. S. Army,<br>To represent the War Department.</li> +<li>Rear Admiral Charles F. Stokes. Surgeon General, U. S. Navy,<br>To represent the Navy Department.</li> +<li>Honorable William Marshall Bullitt, Solicitor General,<br>To represent the Department of Justice.</li> +</ul> + +<h4><i>Elected by the Board of Incorporators.</i></h4> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Miss Mabel T. Boardman, Washington, D. C.</li> +<li>Mr. Robert W. de Forest, New York, N. Y.</li> +<li>Colonel A. G. Kaufman, Charleston, S. C.</li> +<li>Judge W. W. Morrow, San Francisco, Cal.</li> +<li>Honorable H. Kirke Porter, Pittsburgh, Pa.</li> +<li>Honorable James Tanner, Washington, D. C.</li> +</ul> + +<h4><i>Elected by Delegates.</i></h4> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Brigadier General Charles Bird, U. S. A. (Retired).</li> +<li>Mr. William W. Farnam, New Haven, Conn.</li> +<li>Mr. John M. Glenn, New York, N. Y.</li> +<li>Honorable Charles Nagel, Washington, D. C.</li> +<li>Honorable Charles D. Norton, New York, N. Y.</li> +<li>Honorable Beekman Winthrop, Washington, D. C.</li> +</ul> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter" id="FORM_OF_BEQUEST"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak noshow">FORM OF BEQUEST</h2> + +</div> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp60" id="bequest-form" style="max-width: 26.5625em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/bequest-form.jpg" alt="Image of the form. Text: + A will in the form following may be used to bequeath + money for the purposes of the Red Cross. It would be + well to have the same signed by THREE WITNESSES in + the presence of the testator and of each other. / All + legacies, not otherwise specified, are applied to + the Endowment Fund. / I, A. B., of __________ (testator’s domicil), + hereby make and publish the following + as my last will and testament: / I give and bequeath to the American National Red + Red [yes, that's a typo] Cross, a corporation in the District of Columbia, + created by Act of Congress of the United States of + America, its successors and assigns, the sum of + ____ Dollars. / (A. B.) [space for signature] / + Signed, sealed, published and declared by the above + named A. B. as and for his last will and testament, in + the presence of us, who have hereunto subscribed our + names at his request as witnesses thereto, in the presence + of the said testator and of each other. / [space for three witness signatures]"> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp50" id="illus01" style="max-width: 29.6875em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus01.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>ALAMEDA PARK, MEXICO CITY, + SCENE OF FIGHTING IN RECENT REVOLUTION.</p> + <p>© Underwood & Underwood</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +</div> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span></p> + +<h1>THE<br> +AMERICAN RED CROSS<br> +MAGAZINE</h1> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Volume Eight</span> <span class="spacer">APRIL, +1913</span> <span class="smcap">Number Two</span></p> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Opinion_and_Comment">Opinion and Comment</h2> + +</div> + +<h3>NEW NAME, NEW PAPER, NEW DEPARTMENT</h3> + +<p>Unless attention is specifically +called to the fact, our readers may +not notice that with this issue they +receive a <span class="smcap">Magazine</span> instead of a +<span class="smcap">Bulletin</span>. That time-tried query of +the cynic, “What’s in a name?” may +be flung at us, and our answer will +be that the contents and character of +this publication are more in keeping +with the accepted idea of a magazine +than of a bulletin. At any rate, +we like the new name better than +the old, and we hope our readers will +approve our taste. But whatever may +be the verdict upon the slight change +of name, we feel assured that we +shall hear only approval of the +heavier and better paper on which +the magazine is printed. We hope +also that the new department of +“Opinion and Comment” may prove +acceptable. Furthest from our +thought is any idea that the <span class="smcap">Magazine</span> +is perfect, and any concrete suggestions +of improvement which readers +may offer will be cordially received +and given careful consideration.</p> + +<h3>MAYOR GAYNOR’S SOUTHERN FLOOD RELIEF COMMITTEE</h3> + +<p>During the Mississippi River flood +in the spring of 1912, Mayor Gaynor, +of New York, appointed a committee +to collect money for relief purposes. +Mr. Robert W. de Forest, head +of the New York County Chapter of +the Red Cross, was made chairman, +and Mr. Robert Adamson, the Mayor’s +secretary, became secretary of the committee. +Among the prominent members +were officers of the New York +Southern Society. This committee +undertook its duties with such vigor +and effectiveness that it became much +the largest contributor to the flood +relief fund placed in the hands of +the Red Cross for expenditure. The +committee held its final meeting in +Mayor Gaynor’s office on January +21, 1913, when the secretary presented +an interesting account of the +work accomplished.</p> + +<p>Money was received from all parts +of the country, although the greater +part was contributed by residents of +New York City. The New York +Southern Society received $14,281.05. +From this sum $10,000 was paid to +Mr. Jacob H. Schiff, treasurer for +the Mayor’s committee. The Southern +Society also paid all expenses of +the campaign for both itself and the +Mayor’s committee, amounting to +$1,612.49, and forwarded $600 directly +to flood sufferers. This left a +balance in the hands of the Southern +Society of $2,068.56, which later was +turned over to the Red Cross. Including +the $10,000 paid in by the +Southern Society, the Mayor’s committee +received a total of $67,322.39, +all of which was transmitted to the +Red Cross.</p> + +<p>Summarizing the work of both the +Southern Society and the Mayor’s +committee it appears that the total +collections amounted to $71,601.44, +of which $600 went direct to the +flood district, $1,612.49 was paid for +expenses and $69,390.95 was turned +over to the Red Cross.</p> + +<p>By invitation of the committee the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> +national director of the Red Cross +attended the final meeting and gave +an account of the relief operations as +carried on in behalf of the quarter +of a million persons whose homes +were affected in the 15,000 square +miles of country inundated.</p> + +<h3>CINCINNATI CHAPTER WIDE AWAKE</h3> + +<p>Good news comes from the Cincinnati +Chapter of the Red Cross, where +Mr. Julius Fleischman is chairman +and Miss Annie Laws secretary. A +permanent office has been taken at +220 West Seventh street, and Miss +Hilda M. Reinecke, a well known +nurse, has been placed in charge. +Miss Reinecke will also serve as instructor +in home nursing, for which +classes are now being organized. +During the flood in Cincinnati in +January the Chapter participated +actively in relief operations in co-operation +with the committee appointed +by the mayor, who, by the +way, is an active member of the executive +committee of the Chapter. +Plans are in contemplation for other +important activities, and no great +prophetic power is required to predict +a useful career for the Chapter.</p> + +<h3>CHAPTER NEWS WANTED FOR PUBLICATION</h3> + +<p>It is hoped to devote an increasing +amount of space in the <span class="smcap">Red Cross +Magazine</span> to accounts of the work +and plans of Chapters. For this reason +chairmen and secretaries are invited +to send in reports and notes of +anything of interest in which the +Chapters are engaged or which they +are contemplating. In this way the +experience of one Chapter will be +made available for the help and guidance +of others. While establishing +policies and strengthening other parts +of the national organization the creation +and upbuilding of Chapters +have been necessarily retarded. It +is believed the time has come for a +vigorous effort to bring the Chapters +into their proper place of importance +in the Red Cross scheme of things. +Officers of Chapters are invited to +study the little handbook recently +published with a view to finding +suggestions for local activities +of an interesting and useful +character. It is to be remembered +that the handbook is not +intended to specify all the activities +permissible to a Chapter, but is meant +to define in a broad way the legitimate +field for Red Cross activities, +with a few suggestions of specific +lines of work which are consistent +with the purposes of the society. +The national director will be glad to +correspond with Chapters which +contemplate embarking in new work. +Reports or items of Chapter news +intended for the <span class="smcap">Magazine</span> should be +sent to the national director.</p> + +<h3>RED CROSS LAW AND THOSE WHO VIOLATE IT</h3> + +<p>That persons who use the name or +emblem of the Red Cross illegally, +do so, as a rule, in ignorance of the +federal law prohibiting such use, +and are quick to discontinue the violation +when their attention is called +to the statute, is a fact frequently +demonstrated. A recent instance in +point was that of the William Windhorst +Company, of Cincinnati. This +company had issued some attractive +advertising matter which contained +the Red Cross emblem. As soon as it +was informed that this was in violation +of law, the company took prompt +measures to recall and destroy the +objectionable printed matter and to +inform its customers that it holds the +American Red Cross in the highest +respect and would, under no circumstances, +knowingly infringe upon its +rights.</p> + +<p>Another striking illustration of the +same spirit was that in which Mr. +Arthur Letts, proprietor of a large +department store in Los Angeles, not +only discarded all use of the Red +Cross in his own advertising, but +issued an order to his buyers that no +goods bearing the name or emblem +of the Red Cross should be purchased +or sold in his store.</p> + +<p>Members of the American Red +Cross everywhere who observe locally +the use of the name or emblem on +signs or tags or vehicles or for other<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> +advertising purposes are urged to +call the attention of the users to the +federal law which prohibits such use. +The secretary of the Red Cross in +Washington will always be pleased +to learn of such efforts and their results. +If a user declines to discontinue +the practice, the member of the +Red Cross who has called his attention +to the law is invited to send the +user’s name and address to the secretary +in Washington, together with a +description of the character of the +violation observed. A copy of the +law will be sent to any one on request.</p> + +<h3>OUR COUNTRYMEN’S SPLENDID SERVICE IN TURKEY</h3> + +<p>Every member of the Red Cross +who reads the several short reports +from Turkey in this number of the +<span class="smcap">Red Cross Magazine</span> must be stirred +by a deep sense of pride in the great +work of humanity which is being +carried on by the Constantinople +Chapter of the American Red Cross. +In the dreadful cholera camp of San-Stefano, +in the hospitals filled with +sick and wounded soldiers in Constantinople, +among the starving +refugees, children, women and old +men, in Salonica and Asia Minor, +the story is the same. Brave men and +women giving of their time and +strength and skill, disregarding danger +and hardship and forgetful of +their own personal affairs, are making +a record of effective accomplishment +under extreme difficulties in +that foreign country which should +touch the deepest springs of American +patriotism. Slight, indeed, as +compared to this splendid service is +our duty and privilege of giving +something of our abundance wherewith +to sustain these efforts.</p> + +<h3>BRIGADIER-GENERAL CARROLL A. DEVOL, U. S. A.</h3> + +<p>When the Red Cross first knew him +he was Major Carroll A. Devol, U. +S. A. He was then performing a +herculean task in the relief of San +Francisco, and was doing the job in +such a manner as to arouse general +admiration for his executive ability, +his promptness and his calmness +under extremely trying conditions. +Since those days he has proved his +mettle in relief work for the Red +Cross following the great storm at +Hattiesburg and Purvis, Mississippi, +and after a great fire of two years +ago at Colon, Panama. On the Canal +Zone, where he has for some years +been United States Quartermaster for +the Canal Commission, he was instrumental +in establishing a very +active and efficient Chapter of the +Red Cross.</p> + +<p>All this leads up to the announcement +that Major Devol, after promotion +to the rank of colonel, has now +been appointed a brigadier general, +and the Red Cross, could it express +itself through its <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>, would +extend to him its hand in hearty congratulation +and good wishes. He +has been a strong and reliable friend +of the Red Cross at all times, and +through his unselfish devotion has +done much to advance its cause and +establish its good name. While his +well deserved promotion has come +as a result of eminent services in the +army, we shall no doubt be pardoned +for utilizing this opportunity of recalling +his great services to the Red +Cross.</p> + +<h3>PHYSICIANS WILL HELP THE RED CROSS</h3> + +<p>In the <span class="smcap">Red Cross Magazine</span> for +January, 1913, announcement was +made of the appointment, by +the American Medical Association, +of a committee whose duty it was +to confer with the American Red +Cross with a view to establishing a +comprehensive system of co-operation +between the Red Cross and the +medical profession of the United +States. The committee has proved to +be prompt and active. Following is +a copy of a circular letter which has +been sent to all the county medical +societies in the country. It will be +found to contain a clear outline of +the co-operative plan proposed by +the committee and approved by the +executive committee of the Red +Cross:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span></p> + +<div class="blockquote"> + +<p class="right">February 14, 1913.</p> + +<p class="hanging"><span class="smcap">To the Secretary</span>,<br> +County Medical Society,</p> + +<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:</p> + +<p>The undersigned have been constituted +a committee by the President of +the American Medical Association to +cooperate with the American Red +Cross, in the matter of medical work.</p> + +<p>The Committee feels that a great +deal of substantial good will come to +all communities by providing a body +of representative physicians of approved +qualifications to direct or participate +in medical work carried on +by the Red Cross in different localities +in times of emergencies and to +advise with the representatives of +that society on questions of medical +policy and procedure. Besides its +activity in emergency relief work, the +Red Cross is engaged in an educational +campaign for the mitigation +of human suffering and the saving +of lives. So far it has extended this +movement only to the teaching of +prevention of accidents and first aid +to the injured, but it is hoped in future +that it shall include popular instruction +in the prevention of disease. +These medical committees are not in +any way bound to this educational +work of the Red Cross, but members +of the committees who may be interested +are invited to correspond with +the First Aid Department of the Red +Cross.</p> + +<p>In the opinion of this committee, +the plan may be properly considered +under the following headings:</p> + +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Object.</span> Primarily this service +is designed to meet local emergencies +when conditions of disaster are such +as to call for the intervention of the +Red Cross. When exigencies come +about in any community the Red +Cross would be glad to feel that it +might call upon carefully selected +physicians in that community to lend +their aid in the medical work incident +to the situation.</p> + +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Organization.</span> It is desired to +have in every county a central committee +of five physicians, two of +whom shall be the President and +Secretary of the County Medical Society, +<i>ex officio</i>. The President of +the County Medical Society shall select +the other three members, preferably +from the list of councilors or +of the executive committee. This committee +should be designated the +“Committee on Red Cross Medical +Work.” The names and residences +of the members, immediately after +organization, should be reported to +the chairman of the American Medical +Association. In case of disaster, +requiring relief action by the Red +Cross, these county committees will +be called upon to nominate qualified +medical men in their respective counties +for Red Cross service. The committees +will also serve in an advisory +medical capacity to the Red Cross in +time of disaster and in other lines of +Red Cross activity as indicated in a +preceding paragraph.</p> + +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Qualifications.</span> The certification +of physicians by County Committees +will be accepted as ample evidence +of the physical, moral and professional +qualifications of the gentlemen +recommended for appointment. +It may be pertinent to state that service +in time of disaster may entail +severe physical effort and physical +fitness of appointees to perform hard +work is, therefore, important.</p> + +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Compensation.</span> In some instances +the Red Cross may require the +services of physicians at a distance +from their places of residence and +for varying periods. Under these +conditions the Red Cross will be prepared +to pay traveling expenses and +a moderate honorarium to be agreed +upon between the physicians and the +National Director of the Red Cross.</p> + +<p>It will be obvious to you that the +arrangement here proposed is primarily +intended to provide for emergencies +which may suddenly arise in +any community or, on the other +hand, may happily never occur. Thus +it may be that the committee which +we are inviting you to create may +never be called into action, while, on +the other hand, it may have occasion +to perform a very great public service. +Your cooperation in the completion<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> +of this plan at as early a date +as convenient will be appreciated.</p> + +<p>Please address all communications +bearing upon the contents of this letter +to the Chairman, Doctor George +M. Kober, care The American Red +Cross, 715 Union Trust Building, +Washington, D. C.</p> + +<p class="center">Very respectfully,</p> + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">George M. Kober, M.D.</span>,<br> +<span style="margin-right: 6em;"><i>Chairman.</i></span></p> + +<p class="right"><span style="margin-right: 5em;"><span class="smcap">F. A. Winter</span>,</span><br> +<i><span style="margin-right: 2em;">Lt. Colonel, Medical</span><br> +<span style="margin-right: 2em;">Corps, U. S. Army.</span></i></p> + +<p class="right"><span style="margin-right: 3em;"><span class="smcap">E. M. Blackwell</span>,</span><br> +<i><span style="margin-right: 2em;">Surgeon, U. S. Navy.</span></i></p> + +<p>At a meeting of the Executive Committee +of the American National Red +Cross held in Washington, D. C., +February 14, 1913, the foregoing plan +of cooperation between the medical +profession and the Red Cross was +unanimously approved.</p> + +<p class="right"><span style="margin-right: 6em;"><span class="smcap">George W. Davis</span>,</span><br> +<i>Major General, U. S. A., retired,<br> +Chairman Central Committee.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Charles L. Magee</span>, +<i>Secretary</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Many replies are coming from +county medical societies indicating +a cordial acceptance of the committee’s +plan. It may be said, in this +connection, that the medical profession +has always been generous and +responsive in the highest degree in +all its relations with the Red Cross. +The purpose of the new plan is to +provide a simple system by means +of which this cordial relationship +may become more effective.</p> + +<h3>THE FORTY-NINTH STATE BOARD</h3> + +<p>The New Mexico State Board of the +American Red Cross was appointed +on February 26, 1913, this being the +forty-ninth Board organized since the +inception of the State Board form of +organization.</p> + +<p>Immediately the new States of Arizona +and New Mexico were admitted +to the Union the first steps looking +to the organization of Red Cross +Boards therein were taken. The cordiality +with which Hon. William C. +McDonald, Governor of New Mexico, +and Hon. George W. P. Hunt, Governor +of Arizona, entered into the negotiations +was keenly appreciated by +the Red Cross officers at Washington, +and it is hoped that the announcement +of the completion of the Arizona +Board will be made in the not +distant future. The membership of +the New Mexico Board is as follows:</p> + +<ul> +<li>Hon. William C. McDonald, Santa Fe, <i>President</i>.</li> +<li>Hon. Richard H. Hanna, Santa Fe.</li> +<li>Mr. Nathan Jaffa, Roswell.</li> +<li>Mr. John R. Joyce, Carlsbad.</li> +<li>Mr. H. S. Kaune, Santa Fe.</li> +<li>Mr. Owen N. Marron, Albuquerque.</li> +<li>Mr. W. D. Murray, Silver City.</li> +</ul> + +<p>A decision has not as yet been +made as to which of the above-named +members will be appointed Treasurer +of the Board, but no time will +be lost in putting the Board into +workable shape.</p> + +<p>The past election brought changes +in the gubernatorial chairs of twenty-three +of the States in which the American +Red Cross has State Boards. +Men elected to such important positions +in the governments of the various +States must find little time at the +beginning for matters other than +those pertaining strictly to their new +offices, yet out of the twenty-three +new Governors fifteen have already +accepted the Presidency of the Boards +in their respective States. That the +Red Cross can make this announcement +gives it great satisfaction, and +it feels confident that the remaining +eight new Governors will also accept +the leadership of their State +Boards as soon as the first rush of +their new administration is over.</p> + +<p>During the past year the State +Boards of Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, +Louisiana and Mississippi +again demonstrated, during the relief +work incident to the Mississippi +flood, as did that of West Virginia +in connection with the flood in the +Northwestern part of that State, the +value of the plan adopted by the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> +Red Cross and which comprehends +in each State a group of successful +business and professional +men to act as its financial representatives +and advisers in connection with +disaster relief work.</p> + +<h3>THE RED CROSS IN BALTIMORE</h3> + +<p>On another page will be found a +brief account of the recent great +dynamite explosion in Baltimore +with the relief measures which followed. +The incident offers an excellent +illustration of the adaptability +of Red Cross methods and of the fact +that the organization, though national +in scope and policy, is none-the-less +local in its relations and an +integral part of the community in +which its service is needed. When a +disaster is of such magnitude or +character that local agencies of relief +are prostrated or overwhelmed, the +Red Cross is prepared to provide the +necessary machinery for relief distribution; +in smaller disasters the +Red Cross simply joins hands with +other local agencies and lends its +strength and influence to concentration +of resources and cooperative +effort.</p> + +<p>In time it is hoped that at least in +our larger cities and towns there will +exist Red Cross Chapters in affiliation +with all the local agencies that +can be utilized in case of disaster, so +that relief work at such times will all +become Red Cross work.</p> + +<h3>THE RED CROSS BUILDING</h3> + +<p>In the <span class="smcap">Red Cross Magazine</span> for +January, 1913, appeared an illustration +of the beautiful building which +the Red Cross hoped to obtain +through the combined generosity of +the New York Commandery of the +Loyal Legion and the Congress of the +United States. The proposed building +was to be a memorial to the loyal +women of the Civil War and was to +become the permanent headquarters +of the American Red Cross.</p> + +<p>The Loyal Legion offered to donate +$300,000 toward the memorial on +condition that Congress would give a +suitable site in the City of Washington. +A bill was accordingly introduced +in Congress to carry the plan +into effect by appropriating $300,000 +for the purchase of ground. Everybody +was favorable and all conditions +seemed auspicious.</p> + +<p>Those who have had opportunities +to observe legislation in the making, +are familiar with the fact that the +only certain thing about it is its uncertainty. +A resume of the career of +this particular measure affords a +shining example in point. The bill +was introduced in both Senate and +House in the spring of 1912, and was +referred to committees in the usual +manner. The Senate committee gave +prompt consideration to the bill, and +of its own accord increased the +amount of the proposed appropriation +to $400,000, after which it reported +it to the Senate, which passed +it without opposition. The Committee +on Public Buildings and Grounds +of the House, after hearings, submitted +a unanimously favorable report +to the House on the last day before +adjournment for the summer of 1912.</p> + +<p>When Congress met in December, +1912, the status of the Red Cross +building bill seemed most fortunate. +It had passed the Senate without opposition +carrying an appropriation +of $400,000. The House Committee +had unanimously accepted the Senate +bill and had recommended it for passage. +All that remained was for the +House to pass it and the President to +attach his signature. The road looked +straight and easy and not very long, +with a bright blue sky overhead.</p> + +<p>And then something interfered +slightly with the forward movement. +Many other bills with many active +congressmen behind them crowded +into the foreground. There seemed to +be no opening for the Red Cross bill +to slip through. Big bills for the support +of the vast governmental departments +had to be given precedence. +Time flew and congressmen began to +refer to the fact that it was a short +session with much to be done. Also +the leaders began to urge economy in +appropriations.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span></p> + +<p>It was found impossible to get a +definite place or date set for a vote +on the Red Cross bill. At one time +it was proposed to try to call it up by +unanimous consent, but nothing +came of that. Then those in charge +thought better to abandon it as a distinct +measure and insert it as an item +in the big Public Buildings and +Grounds Bill, which contained appropriations +for many buildings. +Later the cry of economy became +more strident and the plan for the +Red Cross bill was again changed. +Now it was decided not to bring it +forward in the House but instead to +pass the Public Buildings and +Grounds Bill in the House without it +and let it be inserted by the Senate +when the big bill reached that body.</p> + +<p>It is customary for the Senate to +add numerous items to bills of this +character after the House has passed +them. Then the bills as amended by +the Senate must go back to the House +for the House to accept the Senate +amendments. If the House declines +to accept the Senate amendments a +committee is appointed from each +side to confer and try to agree on the +items in dispute. Usually both Senate +and House accept the recommendations +of the conference committees.</p> + +<p>So the House passed the Public +Buildings and Grounds Bill without +the Red Cross item and the Senate +was asked to insert that item. It did +so. Then opposition arose because +the Red Cross building was a memorial +to the <i>loyal</i> women of the Civil +War. It was argued that the Confederate +women were just as brave +and devoted and self-sacrificing as +the women of the North; that no memorial +should perpetuate sectional +feeling. The proposition was made +that the word <i>loyal</i> be eliminated and +that the building be a memorial to <i>all</i> +the women of the Civil War. This +could not be done, however, because +the gift of $300,000 by the Loyal +Legion was conditioned upon the retention +of the word <i>loyal</i>. A sharp +discussion followed with the result +that the Red Cross item was entirely +stricken out. A little later the subject +was reopened and the Red Cross item +was again inserted and remained +there when the Senate passed the bill.</p> + +<p>The House refused to accept the +Senate amendments and a conference +committee was appointed. Several important +Senate amendments, among +them the Red Cross item, became the +subject of prolonged discussion. Congress +must adjourn on March 4th. It +was now March 3rd and it became +imperative that an agreement should +be reached. Finally the dispute had +narrowed down to this:</p> + +<p>The House conferees would consent +to the passage of the Red Cross +item if the Senate would abandon the +item for the purchase of the Rock +Creek Valley in Washington for park +purposes. The Rock Creek Valley +purchase was of the utmost importance +to Washington. It had been +urged for years and there was no +question that it was of greater public +value at this time than the provision +of a Red Cross building. The Senate +forced to this hard choice wisely held +on to the Rock Creek Valley item and +the Red Cross item was lost.</p> + +<p>Perhaps this story of high hope, of +keen suspense, of alternating optimism +and despair is not worth the +space here given to its relation. It is, +however, a tale of a gallant fight in +which the Red Cross won many +friends and made no enemies. Shall +it fare better in Congress another +year? Who so faint hearted as to +doubt?</p> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Vivid_Glimpses_of_the_American_Red_Cross_in_Turkey">Vivid Glimpses of the American Red Cross in Turkey</h2> + +</div> + +<p><i>Following are several illuminating extracts from reports recently received +from the fields of Red Cross activity in Turkey. The American Red +Cross has been extremely fortunate in the character of its representation +in this work. Some of those whose services have been particularly noteworthy +are mentioned in the statement below by Mr. G. Bie Ravndal, +American Consul General at Constantinople, who is also secretary of the +Red Cross Chapter in Constantinople. The composite picture of widely +extended and many-sided activity presented by these brief reports conveys +an impression of magnitude and importance which must gratify every +American who takes pride in the achievements of his fellow countrymen.</i>—<span class="smcap">Editor +Red Cross Magazine.</span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Fighting the Cholera at San Stefano</span></h3> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By G. Bie Ravndal</span>,<br> +<i>American Consul General, Secretary Red Cross Chapter.</i></p> + +<p>Our Chapter was just withdrawing +from the earthquake stricken +coast of the sea of Marmora, +where, owing to the generosity of +charitable Americans, acting through +the American National Red Cross, it +had been enabled to furnish medical +and other timely aid, as described in +my report of October, 1912, when the +wardogs were let loose in the Balkans, +and then began the initial +scenes of that terrible drama which, +during the winter, has monopolized +the attention of the world.</p> + +<p>Hardly had the curtain fallen after +the first battles, which followed each +other in swift, unrelenting succession, +before the cholera began its +fearful ravages, competing with the +shrapnel in deadly work.</p> + +<p>Thousands of families, mostly women, +children and old men, fled before +the onrush of soldiers from the +north. Their suffering on the trail +baffles all description.</p> + +<p>No feature of the catastrophe +proved more heartrending than the +condition of affairs in the San-Stefano +cholera camp, in which masses +of sick and wounded soldiers were +thrown together after the battles of +Louleh Bourgas and Wisa. It is +gratifying to be able to report the +fact that it was Hoffman Philip, secretary +of the American Embassy in +Constantinople; Major Clyde Sinclair +Ford, of the Medical Corps +of the United States Army, and Frederick +Moore, of the Associated Press, +who taking their lives in their hands, +first undertook the heroic work of +organizing relief in this place of +horror. They were nobly assisted by +Reverend Dr. Frew, of the Scotch +Mission in Constantinople, by two +Swiss ladies, residents of San-Stefano, +Miss Alt and Mrs. Schneider, +and also by Hon. Maurice Baring, of +London. The details of the relief +furnished by our Chapter in the San-Stefano +cholera camp have been described +in letters by Mrs. W. W. +Rockhill, wife of the American Ambassador +at Constantinople, and I +shall not attempt to add to the information +submitted by her, as at +the time under report I was in the +United States. Mrs. Rockhill has taken +a leading part in the relief work instituted +by the Constantinople Chapter +in the present emergencies, and +the Chapter is deeply grateful to her. +Ultimately the San-Stefano situation +was taken in hand by the Red Crescent.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus02" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus02.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>COMMITTEE OF NICHAUTACHE (SULTAN’S) + HOSPITAL.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus03" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus03.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>EGYPTIAN RED CRESCENT MISSION UNDER + DR. MAX REICH.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> + +<p>Even before the San-Stefano need +had been discovered by Mr. Hoffman +Philip, whose action in this relation +cannot be too highly praised, the +Constantinople Chapter had established +two Red Cross wards for +wounded soldiers in the barracks at +Tash-Kesla in Constantinople, and a +fully equipped operating room. This +hospital work has been, and is still +being, conducted by Major Ford. +Major Ford came here while on leave +and generously offered his services +to the Constantinople Chapter. His +professional skill and administrative +experience have enabled the Chapter +to render invaluable help, which +otherwise could not have been furnished +by us, in saving lives and alleviating +suffering. Major Ford has +been ably assisted by D. Alton Davis, +secretary of the International Y. M. +C. A. in Constantinople; Dr. Walton, +surgeon of <i>U. S. S. Scorpion</i>, and Dr. +Kazakos, a graduate of Robert College.</p> + +<p>Since Christmas the Chapter has +been giving special attention to the +“refugees.”</p> + +<p>Dr. Wilfred Mellvaine Post, of the +American Medical Mission in Konia, +magnanimously volunteered to superintend +the Chapter’s efforts in the +field for the relief of refugees. Associated +with him is Miss Jeannie +Jillson, of the American School for +Girls in Broussa.</p> + +<p>Next to Broussa, as far as the +Chapter’s present activities in behalf +of the refugees are concerned, comes +Salonica. Our relief work is also +being extended into Monastir and +Koricha in Albania.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Situation in Salonica</span></h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Letter from Mr. E. O. Jacob.</i></p> + +<p class="right">Salonica, Jan. 3, 1913.</p> + +<p>I trust you will forgive me for not +writing you earlier. My trip unfortunately +lasted 13 days. I had 5 +days’ quarantine in Pireus and then +had to wait 5 days for a steamer, so +that I did not reach here till December +30. I found, as I had feared, that +the most urgent need was over, and +the work of relief in Salonica itself +was already pretty well organized. +It seems, however, that my services +will meet a real need at least for +some weeks. Some one is urgently +needed to visit the towns and villages +of the provinces and Mr. Haskell is +certainly the best man for that.</p> + +<p>I am writing this letter also as a +sort of report, any material of which +you are at liberty to use. You have +already received, I understand, a copy +of the “Independent,” describing the +work of the “Societe de Secours aux +Refugies.” This is a quite modest +and impersonal description of the +work of Mr. Haskell, Mme. Christo +Hajji Lazaro and the association +whom they have gathered, namely, +Pastor Brunau, Mme. Yenny, the +wife of a Swiss merchant; Sister Augustine +of the Catholic Mission, and +lately Mr. van Bommel. They began +at once the collection of funds, the investigation +of the condition of the +refugees and the giving of bread. It +must have been a terrible task to locate +50,000 refugees, scattered as +they were all over the city, and still +more so to inaugurate a system of +distribution, for the imams of +mosques and the former Mouhtars of +different districts tried in every way +to turn the funds into their own +pockets. But by frequent and tiresome +inspections a fair degree of efficiency +is now maintained. The +committee has now the aid of three +native pastors, who are proving very +effective in tracing irregularities, removals +and other changes.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus04" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus04.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>HOSPITAL IN CONSTANTINOPLE IN CHARGE OF + GERMAN OFFICERS.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus05" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus05.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>TASH-KESHLA HOSPITAL, CONSTANTINOPLE.</p> + <p>FRONT ROW (BEGINNING FIFTH FROM LEFT)—MAJOR FORD C. S. A.; TURKISH + DOCTOR; MADAME DEPAGE IN NURSING COSTUME; UNKNOWN LADY; MARCHIONESS + PALLAVACINI, WIFE OF AUSTRIAN AMBASSADOR; MRS ROCKHILL, WIFE OF AMERICAN + AMBASSADOR; DR. DEPAGE.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span></p> + +<p>This group of people has thus far +had to confine its activities to the +giving of bread, the most immediate +necessity of the unfortunate “muhajjirs.” +For a long time they gave at +the rate of 9 ounces per person per +day, surely a minimum ration. Since +this week it has fortunately been possible +to raise the rate to 12 ounces a +day. Four distribution centers are +operated, the people coming to these +places for their allowances. At the +one where I am working we are now +distributing 2,700 loaves a day. The +total daily distribution is 8,000 loaves +and costs a little over 100 Lt. a day.</p> + +<p>In certain directions the financial +support has been very encouraging. +The largest giver, unofficial, of +course, is the Greek government, +which has put into the hands of this +society about 180,000 francs. Queen +Olga has in addition given the good +sum of 40,000 francs out of her own +purse. From Holland came, as the +result of an unsolicited appeal from +the Dutch Red Cross Mission here, 25,000 +francs. The American Red Cross +is credited with about Lt. 350 and +about 7,300 francs have come to Mr. +Haskell from friends in Switzerland. +So up to the present the work has +been maintained without a deficit.</p> + +<p>It seems clear, however, that as the +harder part of the winter comes, aid +will, in many instances, have to be +given in other ways than the one I +have mentioned, as 12 ounces of +bread a day will not indefinitely keep +the body and soul together. Thus far, +in fact, most of those who have received +aid have enough money for a +little salt and a few olives, for a few +candles and a bit of charcoal. But +lately we get the complaint more and +more frequently that these resources +are exhausted and that the bread +ration no longer suffices alone. Once +in two weeks, in fact, each person +gets a half bowl of soup. This is +made possible by a very efficient little +soup kitchen which the Catholic +sisters have opened. But this, too, is +certainly only a trifle. Again, as wintry +weather comes, we get calls for +clothing, bed quilts, etc. Practically +nothing has yet been given in this line.</p> + +<p>I have thus far been speaking exclusively +of the people under the care +of the “Societe de Secours.” There +is also in the city an “International +Committee,” which has been taking +up other sides of the same work. It +has, for example, in operation an +observation camp for those who have +been exposed to smallpox. It also +charters steamers to convey to Asia +Minor free of charge those who wish +to seek employment there. I had a +long interview with Mr. Forbes in +Smyrna and brought to the committee +details about his offer to employ +several thousand men in licorice digging. +They are therefore now sending +him a first load of 1,100 persons +by the steamship <i>Assouan</i>. It strikes +us all that to give them like this an +opportunity for steady work is about +the best service that can be rendered. +The largest enterprise of this committee +is the maintenance of a concentration +camp, which houses 6,000 +refugees. Though they have to live +in tents they are otherwise under the +best of care. The government is military, +the sanitary conditions are excellent +and everyone directly under +the eye of the workers. Unfortunately +the operating cost of this camp +(about Lt. 80 a day) is so great that +the scheme cannot be extended to the +others. This committee, moreover, +finds itself in a less encouraging financial +condition than the “Societe,” +and with a deficit already on hand, +is not venturing beyond its present +range of work.</p> + +<p>Then, finally, the needs of the +towns in the provinces are begging +to be brought to our attention. In +many respects they are more sadly in +want than Salonica itself. Naturally +the armies have absorbed all the +available foodstuffs. Moreover, dozens +of villages have been burned to +the ground and many towns have +been quite thoroughly looted. The +same sort of story comes from all the +surrounding regions, Monastir, Uskub, +Strumitza, Brama, etc.</p> + +<p>The British Balkan Committee has +begun to help in several places. Mrs. +Lazaro has gone with a member of +the Macedonian Relief Committee to +Gumendje, and Mr. Haskell expects +to start next week on a two weeks’ +tour in the region of Strumitza. Those +trips should make clear just what the +most urgent needs are.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Red Cross Work for Refugees in Western Asia Minor</span></h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Part of a letter from Dr. Wilfred M. Post.</i></p> + +<p>The number of refugees who have +passed over from European Turkey +into Western Asia Minor since the +commencement of the Balkan War is +probably in the neighborhood of 56,000; +the large majority of these have +settled in the Broussa vilayet, a +smaller number having found their +way to the Konia and Angora vilayets. +Most of the refugees have +traveled by rail, their carts and oxen +having been carried with them at the +expense of the government, but a +fair proportion have “trekked” into +the interior all the way from European +Turkey, spending several weeks +on the journey. The main distribution +is along the line of the Anatolian +railway, the usual plan having +been for a definite number to be allotted +to each city or large town +along the line, and then sent off as +fast as possible to the villages—a +few families to each village—the +government hoping by this arrangement +to cause the refugees to amalgamate +with the Anatolian population, +and also by allotting a few families +to each village, to throw the burden +of maintenance on the people and +avoid the problems arising from concentration +in large camps and settlements. +This policy has been carried +out most thoroughly and the many +hundreds of villages from one or two +hours to two or three days distance +from the railway have almost all received +their quota of unfortunates +to care for, an exception having been +made for the Christian villages, few, +if any, of the latter having been thus +called upon.</p> + +<p>About a quarter or a third of the +refugees have come with some personal +clothing and bedding, and with +some property in the shape of carts +and oxen, cooking utensils and +money. These have been allowed to +shift for themselves, but the remainder +have arrived in the interior +in more or less wretched condition, +having little or nothing but the +clothes they wear, and in many cases +only half-clad and in very poor condition +to meet the rigors of the cold +Anatolian winter. As long as this +class of refugees remains in cities +the government makes regular distributions +of bread to them, about 50 +paras’ worth to each adult, and 25 +paras to each child per day, in some +cases giving the money instead of the +food, but as soon as the refugees +have been shipped off to the villages +the government ceases to distribute +help.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus06" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus06.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>HARBIE HOSPITAL.</p> + <p>ESTABLISHED BY DUTCH RED CROSS MISSION UNDER DR. LINGHEEK.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p>Those refugees remaining in the +cities have also been scattered as extensively +as possible, a notable instance +being Konia, where 2,500 people +have been scattered all over the +city and surrounding gardens, a few +dozen having been put into each +“mahle” or quarter of the city, so +that it took a week of careful search +and inquiry to obtain statistics that +were anywhere near accurate. This +extensive scattering makes the work +of relief very difficult; nevertheless +much has been accomplished already +and by systematic canvassing by +American missionaries and native +agents it is hoped that much of the +suffering and need of the refugees +will be discovered and relieved. +Relief of over-crowding, supply of +adequate clothing and bedding, +opening of soup kitchens and supply +of food other than the dry bread +given by the government, distribution +of fuel and medical aid, indicate +the principal lines along which the +Red Cross must work for the next +two or three months. The officials +everywhere express the hope that +they will be able to send the refugees +back to Europe for the spring, but, of +course, nothing definite can be +planned as yet. Whatever may be +the political outcome of the Balkan<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> +war, a large number of the refugees +will undoubtedly remain in Anatolia, +and the Red Cross may then consider +the advisability +of providing +employment +for these people, +supplying +them with farm +implements, +etc. The large +majority of the +refugees are women +and children, many of +these having been rendered +widows and orphans +by the war; the few able-bodied +men who have come have +for the most part, been drafted into +the Turkish army and sent to Chatalja, +so that the question of employment +will have to be considered +later on. A few of the refugees +are able to earn money by carting +wood and grain, using their primitive +oxcarts for the purpose, but +most of them are idle, and on account +of the great scattering +throughout the country they must, +unfortunately, remain so for some +time to come. It is most fortunate +that the general health of the refugees +is good, and from the hygienic +standpoint the policy of scattering +has no doubt been a good one. There +are, of course, many cases of sickness +among them, and in the process +of investigation we have found many +people at the point of death from exposure +and cold, the most pathetic +cases being among the children. Here +again the scattering makes it impossible +to do much visiting, and though +the communities may +be saved from epidemic, +many individuals, +sad to say, will +perish from cold, +hunger and +disease this +winter.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp48" id="illus07" style="max-width: 28.125em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus07.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>MACEDONIAN REFUGEES + FLEEING TO CONSTANTINOPLE.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p>Our investigations +have +been confined +chiefly to the +cities, where<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> +several hundreds or thousands of +refugees are gathered, but we have +also looked into the condition of a +dozen or more villages and have +found that in general the villagers +have been kind to the refugees and +have given them food and shelter, +and have lent them clothing and +bedding; but in some places the villagers +have thrust the refugees into +stables and broken-down hovels, with +little or no clothing and bedding, and +just enough food to keep body and +soul together. In some instances the +unfortunate, defenceless women and +girls have been forced into prostitution.</p> + +<p>The Constantinople Chapter of the +American Red Cross has established +relief work in Konia and Broussa +along the lines indicated above. In +Konia a systematic canvass of the +city and surrounding villages has +been made, and bedding and clothing +distributed according to need; in +many cases eight or ten people were +found sharing one quilt, and women +and children walking about the +frozen streets with bare feet. For people +in the city we distributed tickets +having the articles they were to receive +indicated on them, and the distribution +was made on the mission +premises. The government, however, +forbade us to carry on independent +work and insisted that all +articles for distribution must be +handed over to them; we were unwilling +to accept this condition, so +work was stopped for the time being. +In Broussa an effort has been made +to get the people into more sanitary +quarters than they now occupy; we +found many places where eight, ten +and even twelve people were packed +into a tiny mud-floored room about +ten feet square, damp and dismal, +and with one or two of the family +sick—in one case three people, one +with ulcers and two with dysentery, +reposing under one small and filthy +quilt. Not only must these people be +gotten speedily into more healthy +surroundings, but some sort of sanitary +supervision must be established +over the quarters to which they are +to be removed. It is our expectation +to open one or more soup kitchens +and inaugurate some medical work.</p> + +<p>We have turned over the city of +Eski-Shehir to the Germans, who +promise to attend to its needs and to +those of the surrounding region. We +hope through the above arrangements +to get into direct touch with +more than half the refugees in Asia +Minor, and trust that where our work +is unable to reach them other helpers +may come forward to tide them over +this first difficult winter.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Activities of the Red Crescent Society</span></h3> + +<p>The Turkish Red Crescent Society +has come forward so nobly during +the present war that it has delighted +observers by the depth and force of +its vitality. A national institution of +humanitarian aims, it had been +recognized as such in the Geneva +Conference of 1864—but though it +had worked efficiently in the Russian +and Turco-Greek wars of the last +century, it is only lately, through the +impulsion given to it some years ago +by Mrs. Rifaat Pasha, wife of the +present Turkish Ambassador in Paris, +that its more modern organization +and increased capital have brought it +to the front, able to compete in usefulness +and resource with the Red +Cross Societies in other countries.</p> + +<p>The society is managed by a Central +Committee, composed of 30 +members, subject to the approval of +a president and to the occasional control +of the government. At present +His Excellency Hussein Hilmi Pasha, +Ottoman Ambassador in Vienna, is +president of the Red Crescent.</p> + +<p>At the beginning of the Turco-Balkan +war the Red Crescent Committee +founded three hospitals for the +wounded—one numbering over 600 +beds—in the capital of the Empire, +and several in the provinces, notably +at Salonica, Adrianople, Uskub,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> +Loule-Bourgas, etc., appointing well-equipped +staffs of nurses and doctors. +The necessary surgical instruments +and medical supplies were procured +from abroad, and recently ambulances +were ordered from South +Bend, Indiana. Four transportable +hospitals of 100 beds each were received +from England, and following +the example set by European nations +in such cases, the Red Crescent established +field kitchens in the principal +camps, which supplied the harrassed +soldiers with soup and bread.</p> + +<p>When the cholera broke out among +the hapless troops, and they were +sent back to Constantinople for treatment, +the society organized three +more new hospitals in the choleraic +centers of Hademkeny, San-Stefano, +etc., and as the sick soon filled to +overflowing the epidemic wards +hastily founded in the capital, the Red +Crescent had the mosques of the city +opened to the sufferers and supplied +them with food, linen and medical +care. It is computed that about 3,000 +soldiers were supported in these improvised +hospitals between the beginning +of October and the end of +November, 1912, and in this heavy +task the Red Crescent was assisted by +its branch missions of Hindoustan, +Egypt and England, who took their +full share of the heavy nursing and +relief work. Besides the hospitals +thus run, the Red Crescent sent Lt. +7500 in cash to the military sanitary +authorities of Constantinople, as +well as very numerous suits of clothing, +articles of bedding and medicinal +supplies.</p> + +<p>The arrival of the refugees in Constantinople +created a new and tremendous +demand for aid. The Red +Crescent immediately forwarded another +Lt. 7500 to the prefecture of +the town, and housed thousands of +the unfortunate emigrants in old +Konaks (palaces) and in temporary +sheds. Committees of investigation +and distribution were organized in +the chief provincial centers to which +the government sent the refugees and +bread or money doled out.</p> + +<p>The Ladies’ Section of the Red +Crescent Society has proved most +active on behalf of the patients and +refugees. Societies were formed for +the cutting and sewing of linen, of +which the hospitals were continually +in need, and the garments made +reached the total of 70,000.</p> + +<p>The foregoing facts (culled from +the columns of the <i>Jeune Turc</i>), brief +and incomplete as they are, suffice to +show, however, that the energies of +the Red Crescent Society have been +severely taxed during the present +terrible happenings, and it is an act +of justice as well as one of keen satisfaction +to say that these energies +have been not drained but richly developed +by the call made upon them.</p> + +<p>In the present emergency the Red +Crescent has been generously supported +by the Red Cross Societies of +different countries. Sisters of the +Red Cross and the Red Crescent have +worked shoulder to shoulder in alleviating +suffering, as shown by the +photograph herewith inclosed of the +Imperial Hospital in Nichantache, +Constantinople, kindly furnished by +the Phebus Atelier.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Savages Four Hundred Years Ago</span></h3> + +<p>Writing from Konia, January 15, +Dr. Dodd sends in the following +about an old Moslem priest:</p> + +<p>“An old Turkish hodja named +Saduk Effendi called today and said +he came for the special purpose of +asking me to give his thanks to the +people in America who are sending +help to the poor here. I report his +words as near as I can do so. ‘May +the Lord of the Universe, the God of +all men, who are all of one family +on this earth, look graciously upon +those who have shown such love and +kindness. The servants of God here +will always remember and rejoice in +these good deeds. How wonderful +that a people that were only savages +four hundred years ago should have +awakened to such noble deeds! +When shall we have such an awakening?’”</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="illus08" style="max-width: 28.125em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus08.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>AMERICAN RED CROSS WORK IN BROUSSA.</p> + <p>REFUGEES WAITING OUTSIDE THE PROTESTANT SCHOOL WHERE CLOTHING + AND BEDDING ARE DISTRIBUTED. A CLINIC IS HELD EVERY AFTERNOON + IN THIS BUILDING AND PATIENTS OBTAIN THEIR MEDICINES + FREE OF COST FROM THE DRUG STORE AROUND THE CORNER.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus09" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus09.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>WOMEN AND CHILDREN REFUGEES IN THE COURT OF + THE PROTESTANT SCHOOL IN BROUSSA.</p> + <p>DISTRIBUTION IS MADE FROM THE ROOM AT THE LEFT. TEA IS BEING SERVED WHILE + THE PEOPLE ARE WAITING. SEVERAL OF THE WOMEN ARE SEEN COVERING THEIR FACES + OR TURNING THEIR BACKS TO THE CAMERA, BUT THE MAJORITY MAKE NO OBJECTION TO + HAVING THEIR PICTURES TAKEN.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Faik Pasha Della-Sudda</span></h3> + +<p>One of the prominent Constantinople +personalities, Faik Pasha +Della-Sudda, died on Jan. 11, 1913. He +was the founder and honorary president +of the Red Crescent Society, +which during many difficult years +owed its subsistence to his devoted +management, and the <span class="smcap">American +Red Cross Magazine</span> is indebted to +his courtesy for the interesting article +on the Red Crescent, published in +Vol. 5, No. 3. of 1910.</p> + +<p>Born in 1835, Faik Pasha Della-Sudda +was sent when scarcely sixteen +to France, where he studied +under the famous chemist, Ganot. +He completed his training at the Superior +School of Pharmacy, Paris, +and at the laboratory of Wurtz & +Gerhard, and on his return to Constantinople +was immediately appointed +to the post of professor of +chemistry at the Imperial University +of Medicine in that city. For nearly +half a century he personally conducted +most of the pharmaceutics +and chemistry classes in the capital +of the Ottoman Empire, with a range +and depth of knowledge that has +been universally recognized and appreciated.</p> + +<p>His important treatises on ammonium, +phosphoric acid, opium and the +falsification of pharmaceutical products +in Turkey, his contributions to +European and American exhibitions, +made his name well-known abroad, +and in 1910 he was unanimously +elected honorary president of the +newly-organized “Society of Pharmacists +in Turkey,” in proof of the +grateful affection of colleagues and +pupils, and of his own superior +scholarship and value. He leaves behind +him the record of a long life +admirably spent.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="deco1" style="max-width: 12.5em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/deco1.jpg" alt=""> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Red_Cross_and_White_Cross_in_Mexico">Red Cross and White Cross in Mexico</h2> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Ernest P. Bicknell</span>,<br> +<i>National Director American Red Cross</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<p>During the culminating scenes of +the recent revolution in Mexico, +when the capital city was torn by +heavy artillery warfare in its central +streets and plazas, and which resulted +in the tragic death of President Francisco +I. Madero, the press dispatches +referred occasionally to the activities +of the Mexican Red Cross and the +Mexican White Cross. These dispatches +were of a character to sadden +the friends of the Red Cross +movement, because they indicated a +failure on the part of the federal +troops to respect the Red Cross flag +and because they revealed a defection +of some who should have been +a part of the Red Cross, but who, instead, +divided the strength and prestige +of humane Mexico by organizing +the White Cross Society, whose +functions are identical with those of +the Red Cross.</p> + +<p>It is reported that while engaged +in giving attention to wounded men +in the plaza before the National +Palace, the president of the Red Cross +was shot and killed. It has also been +stated that two members of the White +Cross Society were captured by the +troops under the command of General +Diaz and were found to be engaged +in carrying ammunition, and +that for this reason they were executed. +Without more complete +knowledge of local conditions and in +consideration of the terrible confusion +which prevailed in the City of +Mexico in those days of fighting, it +would be unjust to endeavor to fix +the blame for these unfortunate incidents.</p> + +<p>With the establishment of a stable +government and the coming of peace +it is hoped that the Mexican Red +Cross may be given its proper status +and recognition, and that those who +have heretofore served under the +banner of the White Cross may be +induced to dissolve that organization +and join hands heartily with the Red +Cross.</p> + +<p>The origin of the Mexican White +Cross dates back to the revolution +which Francisco I. Madero led +against the government of Porfirio +Diaz. As a result of the severe fighting +between the insurgent and federal +forces along the United States border +in the spring of 1911 many men +were seriously injured. At that time +no systematic medical service was +provided by either army, and the +Mexican Red Cross, which had been +organized only a short time previously, +had not undertaken to send +nurses and physicians to the front. +The situation at the threshold of the +United States, particularly at the +California boundary and near El +Paso, Texas, became so serious that +the American Red Cross undertook +to provide physicians, nurses and +hospital care for such of the wounded +men as could be reached without +going into the interior of Mexico. +This service of the American Red +Cross along the border in California, +Texas, New Mexico and Arizona +aroused a sense of pride among many +of the people of Mexico, with the +result that a group of friends of the +insurgents organized a body of +nurses and physicians to be sent to +the scene of the fighting. To the +new organization was given the +name of the Mexican White Cross. +At about the same time that the +White Cross was organized, the Red +Cross also prepared to send nurses +and physicians to the front. The +White Cross group reached Juarez, +across the boundary from El Paso, +only twenty-four hours before the +arrival of the Red Cross group. At +that time it was a matter of current +report that the White Cross promoters +and supporters were favorable +to Madero and his cause, and that +the Red Cross, having been created +under the administration of President +Diaz, inclined to favor the +federal cause as against that of Madero. +The representatives of the two +organizations on reaching Juarez +were not cordial to each other, and +a strong feeling of rivalry was apparent. +In justice to both organizations, +however, it should be said that +at a conference held in Juarez at the +suggestion of representatives of the +American Red Cross, an arrangement +was made by which the work to be +done was divided equitably between +the two, and that thereafter they +worked side by side, zealously and +seemingly without friction.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp50" id="illus10" style="max-width: 29.6875em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus10.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>MEXICO CITY. LOOKING NORTH FROM CATHEDRAL TOWER.</p> + <p>© Underwood & Underwood</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus11" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus11.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>MARKET SQUARE, MEXICO “THE SOLDIERS ARE COMING.”</p> + <p>© Underwood and Underwood</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span></p> + +<p>While the facts are not known, it +is possible that the failure of the +Madero troops, in the recent fighting +in the City of Mexico, to respect the +Red Cross flag in some measure resulted +from the reported partiality +of the Red Cross for the Diaz government +when Madero was the leader +of the insurgents. On the other +hand, General Diaz, in the recent +Mexican fighting, may have been the +more ready to deal harshly with the +representatives of the White Cross +because of the fact that the White +Cross had been reported to be particularly +friendly to the cause of Madero +when Madero was fighting +President Diaz, uncle to General Diaz, +leader of the uprising which overthrew +Madero.</p> + +<p>But whatever may have been the +causes which led to a division of the +humane people of Mexico into the +camps of the Red Cross and the +White Cross, it is not to be forgotten +that their objects were humanitarian +and at bottom identical. With the +coming of peace and the restoration +of normal conditions of life in the +Republic of Mexico, there is every +reason to hope that rivalries may be +forgotten and that there may come a +splendid union of all the humanitarian +forces of the country under the +emblem of the Red Cross.</p> + +<p>In the closing days of the Madero +government, while fierce and ruthless +war raged in the streets of the City +of Mexico, lives and property of +American residents were in extreme +peril. United States Ambassador +Henry Lane Wilson gave every possible +assistance and protection, but +at best many were without resources +and were unable to escape from the +city or country unaided. The American +Red Cross, on receiving information +of these conditions through the +Department of State, forwarded +$1,000 to Ambassador Wilson to be +expended at his discretion for the +benefit of Americans in need. Many +Americans who succeeded in reaching +the city of Vera Cruz were unable +to pay for steamship passage to the +United States, and for their assistance +the Red Cross also sent $500 to +William W. Canada, American Consul +General of that city, to be used +as required for their help.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp75" id="deco2" style="max-width: 9.375em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/deco2.jpg" alt=""> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus12" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus12.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>PLAZA IN FRONT OF NATIONAL PALACE, MEXICO CITY. + PRESIDENT MADERO ADDRESSING THE CROWD FROM BALCONY.</p> + <p>© Underwood & Underwood</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus13" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus13.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>REMOVING THE DEAD FROM THE STREETS OF MEXICO CITY.</p> + <p>© Underwood & Underwood</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Dynamite_Explosion_at_Baltimore">Dynamite Explosion at Baltimore</h2> + +</div> + +<p>A tramp steamer, the <i>Alum +Chine</i>, lay peacefully at her +dock in Baltimore Harbor on +March 6, while a gang of stevedores +loaded her with dynamite for use in +the Panama Canal. The boxes of +the explosive were being transferred +to the hold of the ship from cars +which stood on a barge alongside. +About 300 tons of dynamite were on +board or in the cars when smoke was +seen coming from below. Knowing +the inevitable result the men leaped +overboard with a rush but before all +had reached safety the explosion +came.</p> + +<p>No words can convey any adequate +conception of the terrific destructive +power of such a sudden loosing of +immeasurable force. The <i>Alum Chine</i> +and the barge with its cars alongside +disappeared. Other vessels in the vicinity +were shattered. Men upon the +deck of a new ship five hundred feet +away were swept down like tall grass +in a gale and a rain of fragments of +iron and wreckage killed some, injured +many and pierced the steel hull +like shots from a cannon. Houses +miles away were rocked to their +foundations and windows were shattered +without number.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus14" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus14.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>REMARKABLE PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AN INSTANT + AFTER THE EXPLOSION OF 300 TONS OF DYNAMITE WHICH HAD BEEN LOADED ON + BOARD THE “ALUM CHINE” FOR SHIPMENT TO THE CANAL ZONE.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p>Immediate measures of relief were +undertaken in behalf of the families +of the thirty-one men killed and the +fifty-eight injured. The Baltimore +Chapter of the Red Cross held a meeting +and appropriated $500 while the +newspapers were equally prompt in +collecting funds. By common consent +the Federated Charities, with its +experienced agents, was given charge +of the gathering of the information +necessary to effective action as well +as of the actual relief distribution. +The next logical step was the consolidation +of all contributed funds +from whatever source. Thus efficiency +and community unity of action +were assured from the start. +With this beginning it may be confidently +expected that the greatest possible +good will result from the generosity +of the Baltimore people.</p> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Public_Works_and_Relief_in_China">Public Works and Relief in China</h2> + +</div> + +<p>In general a report of relief operations +published long after the +public interest in the emergency +which called for relief has subsided, +is regarded as a good example of what +not to read. When an exception is +found, it is entitled to special notice, +which accounts for this reference to +the report of the Central China +Famine Relief Committee, embracing +an account of the relief operations in +the famine district in China between +October 1, 1911, and June 30, 1912. +It will be recalled that the headquarters +of the committee were in Shanghai +and membership included many +well known American and other foreign +residents of China, as well as +prominent Chinese citizens. Bishop +F. R. Graves was chairman and +Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, secretary, and +Consul General Amos P. Wilder an +active member. These three gentlemen +are Americans. At the outset of +its work the committee adopted a +program stated in six articles. Two +of these articles were:</p> + +<p>“That relief be given only in return +for work done, except in the +case of those incapacitated for work.”</p> + +<p>“That in the selection of work, +preference be given to such work as +will help the locality permanently, +and as tends to prevent the recurrence +of famine conditions, and that +each piece be complete in itself.”</p> + +<p>This program was closely adhered +to from first to last. District subcommittees +of representative foreign and +native residents, appointed in various +sections of the famine region, had immediate +charge of the relief works +and distribution, and under the district +committees were superintendents +who had personal direction of the +working forces. So much for the +machinery. Now for the accomplishment.</p> + +<p>In May, 1912, the number of famine +sufferers in the employ of the relief +committee was 110,000. As but one +member was employed from a family, +it is estimated that this work supported +about 550,000 persons. The +character of the work undertaken and +its extent are indicated by the following +figures from the report:</p> + +<table> + <tr> + <td>Dykes built or repaired</td> + <td class="tdr">129</td> + <td>miles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Canals built or repaired</td> + <td class="tdr">63</td> + <td>miles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Ditches built or repaired</td> + <td class="tdr">1,124</td> + <td>miles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Roads repaired</td> + <td class="tdr">163</td> + <td>miles</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Cubic yards of earth moved</td> + <td colspan="2" class="tdr">10,155,000</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p>It was estimated that the average +amount of work performed daily by +a famine sufferer was about two-thirds +the average day’s work of a +coolie under normal conditions. In +Hankow 2,000 women from the +famine district were employed for +months in making garments, of +which 64,000 were made and distributed. +Much space is given in the +report to a description of the actual +methods of conducting the work on +dykes, canals, etc. A single extract +must suffice here:</p> + +<p>“Now come with me to the works. +First in number and importance are +the dirt pushers (I translate the +Chinese term), who dig the earth +from rectangular pits and push it on +their wheelbarrows to the new dykes. +They number 3,400 and work in +groups of about ten men each and are +paid by the job in this way. As soon +as a pit reaches a depth of four or +five feet it is measured by the foreigner +in charge and the head man of +the ten is given a ticket which is +really an order on the office for the +value in grain of the work done. +Measuring these pits takes almost all +of one foreigner’s time, and as two-thirds +of the workmen are dirt pushers, +the foreigner has in his direct +control that fraction of the whole. +The dirt pushers receive 450 cash per +fang of 100 cubic feet. In this and +the following statement it should be +remembered that it takes about 2,500 +cash to make a gold dollar.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus15" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus15.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>CHINESE ENGAGED IN BUILDING DYKES FOR + THE PREVENTION OF FLOODS IN THE FAMINE DISTRICTS.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus16" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus16.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>TAMPING EARTHWORK.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span></p> + +<p>“Next in numerical strength are +the ‘small workmen,’ of whom we +have about 1,000. Their work is to +carry water from the canal to the +dyke in order that the latter may be +pounded firm the more easily. Also +many of them receive the earth as it +comes on to the dyke, break it up, +level it and dig small holes into which +the water may be poured. They are +paid in grain at the rate of 150 cash +per man per day.</p> + +<p>“Now we come to the pounders. +They number 750 and were divided in +groups of ten. Each group has a +stone weighing about 100 pounds, +circular, a foot in diameter, and eight +inches thick. To each stone are attached +ten ropes, one for each of the +ten men, and when the men all pull +in unison the stone rises above the +level of their heads and then comes +down with a thud. The dyke is built +in layers, which are one foot thick +after they are pounded. Each layer +is pounded until it is of the consistency +of rubber and is then tested in +this unique way. An iron rod is +driven down and into the small hole +thus made water is poured from a +tea kettle. If the water does not soak +away the layer has been pounded sufficiently. +These pounders are skilled +workmen and were originally paid +250 cash worth of grain per man per +day, but they proved to be so lazy that +we had to invent a sliding scale of +wages. So we considered 1,200 +square feet as a full day’s work, and +if a gang pounds that amount each +man is given 250 cash; if they pound +1,100 square feet, 240 cash; 1,000 +square feet, 230 cash; 1,300 square +feet, 260 cash, and so on. Now they +are not lazy.</p> + +<p>“We have thirty skilled workmen +who trim the edges of the dyke and +give it a finished appearance. Also +there are sixty overseers who understand +the work. They keep an eye +on the stone men and test their work +as described above, see that the dirt +pushers place the dirt in the proper +place and direct the stream of water +carriers as they come. Both these +classes of workmen receive 250 cash +worth of grain a day.”</p> + +<p>In 1911 the American Red Cross +sent to China Mr. C. D. Jameson, a +well known engineer, to study the +conditions which cause the frequent +great floods to devise and suggest a +system of river conservancy which +will reduce the number and extent of +these floods. Mr. Jameson was an +advisor of the relief committee and +was familiar with its public works at +all times. He praises in the warmest +terms the thoroughness of the operations +and the judgment and ability +of the missionaries who were in +charge of much of the work. These +missionaries, in fact, proved themselves +practical men and capable administrators, +who did not spare themselves, +but under adverse conditions +gave from twelve to fifteen hours +daily to their unpaid tasks.</p> + +<p>In connection with the relief operations +an interesting experiment in +colonization was undertaken under +the leadership of Prof. Joseph Bailie, +of the University of Nanking. After +many difficulties Prof. Bailie, with +the co-operation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, +at that time Provisional President of +China, secured a tract of waste land +at the foot of Purple Mountain, near +Nanking, moved some of his more +trustworthy men on to it and began +its cultivation. Huts were first built. +A school was started for the children, +so that they would be cared for while +the men and women were at work. +The land was gradually broken up, +drainage ditches were dug, and potatoes +and strawberries, wheat and +other cereals were planted. A large +number of fruit trees were set out. +Some of these were Chinese, but +many were obtained from Japan and +other countries. The land is now +being used as an experiment farm +and as a testing school for the men. +The soil is of a poor quality, and is +in many ways unsatisfactory; but +Prof. Bailie is persevering in the +faith that he will succeed, not only in +doing a piece of work which will be +deeply interesting to the officials and +gentry near the city of Nanking, but +will prove of value to the larger enterprise<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> +which he still expects to see +carried through.</p> + +<p>Mr. Jameson, the American Red +Cross conservancy engineer, after +traversing the famine districts, says +of the prevention of the recurrent +floods which have caused many +famines, including this one of 1911-12:</p> + +<p>“There are no engineering difficulties +in the way of controlling the +rivers, lowering the flood level and reclaiming +the waste land in North Kiangsu +and North Anhwei; it is purely +a question of money and time. Under +the present conditions at least three +crops out of five are lost over an area +of some 30,000 square miles. The +soil of this area is exceedingly rich, +the climate such that two crops a +year should be possible when the +conservancy and reclamation work +had been completed. Not only will +heavy crops be possible over this +whole section year by year, but some +millions of acres (English), which +now are absolutely worthless, will be +available for cultivation. All of this +makes the expenditure of the necessary +money justifiable from a commercial +standpoint.”</p> + +<p>It is hoped that the Republic of +China will accept the plan prepared +by Mr. Jameson as a basis for a system +of river conservancy which will +put an end to the greater part of the +flood devastation which has cursed +this land for many centuries. Chinese +records show that since the year 494 +A. D. sixty-seven famines have occurred +in this region. All but two of +these famines were caused by floods.</p> + +<p>The Central China Famine Relief +Committee held its last meeting and +closed its work on January 21, 1913. +At that time an unexpended balance +of approximately $75,000 (gold) remained +in the treasury, but the committee +disposed of the greater part +of it by a series of resolutions, which +were in effect as follows:</p> + +<p>The sum of $11,250 was placed in +the hands of a special committee for +the purpose of carrying on “a campaign +covering three years or more, +to draw attention of officials and people +to the seriousness of famines +which are occurring with such frequency +in different parts of China; to +educate public opinion upon the subject +of famine prevention and to show +how the condition of the people in +the famine area can be permanently +improved.” The treasurer of this +educational fund is the treasurer of +the National Committee of the Young +Men’s Christian Association of China.</p> + +<p>The sum of $2,500 was set aside to +assist in the care of “famine children” +in the orphanages of the Catholic +missions in the famine areas.</p> + +<p>The sum of $5,500 was appropriated +to be applied to the carrying out +of a plan already begun for colonizing +destitute Chinese upon unoccupied +lands under instruction and supervision.</p> + +<p>The sum of $22,500 was set aside +to be used in the repair of dykes in +the neighborhood of Wuhu on condition +that the Chinese of Anhwei +Province raise the sum of $45,000 to +be applied to the same work.</p> + +<p>The sum of $7,500 was voted to be +used in the education of Chinese +young men in forestry, with special +reference to conservation against +drought and flood. The purpose is to +select a few especially promising +Chinese students from the institutions +of higher education in China and +send them to the American School of +Forestry at Manila, P. I., or possibly +in some instances to the United +States. These young men, after receiving +their education, will be expected +to return to their native country +and enter actively into efforts toward +that reforestation which is regarded +as essential to any great reduction +in the number and severity of +floods and droughts.</p> + +<p>After making the allotments above +mentioned there remained a balance +in the committee’s hands of about +$22,500, which was transferred to a +permanent committee of trustees, +consisting of the following: The +General Consular Officer of the United +States at Shanghai, the Commissioner +of Customs, the Manager of the International +Banking Corporation, the +Honorable Wu Ting Fang, Ch’on Jen +Fu, Esq., and the Chairman of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> +Chinese Chamber of Commerce. This +committee will hold the balance of +the relief funds for use in future relief +work which may be necessary in +China as the result of famines.</p> + +<p class="center">[A part of this article was published +in a recent issue of the Survey.]</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp60" id="illus17" style="max-width: 25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus17.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>HOUSEBOAT USED BY MR. C. D. JAMESON, + AMERICAN RED CROSS CIVIL ENGINEER, EMPLOYED IN CHINA.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Nicaraguan_Famine_Relief">Nicaraguan Famine Relief</h2> + +</div> + +<p>A general failure of crops, followed +by the revolutionary outbreak +of last summer in Nicaragua +caused great distress among the +poorer classes in that country. Conditions +were sufficiently bad before +the military operations took place, +but during July, owing to the revolution, +they became critical, and many +Nicaraguans faced starvation. Early +in August, having been apprised of +the situation as it then existed, Secretary +of State Knox addressed a communication +to the American Red +Cross, requesting to be informed +whether the Red Cross was in a position +to furnish food supplies to relieve +the needs of the non-combatants. +The American Red Cross +promptly forwarded $1,000 to the +American minister at Panama, with +instructions to expend that amount in +the purchase of flour, beans, corn, +rice and potatoes. Through the +courtesy and co-operation of Colonel +George W. Goethals, U. S. A., Governor +of the Canal Zone, the commissary +of the Isthmian Canal Commission +furnished these supplies at +wholesale rates, and the same were +shipped via the United States transport +<i>Justin</i>, which was carrying a +battalion of United States Marines to +Nicaragua.</p> + +<p>On August 28th, at the request of +Hon. George T. Weitzel, American +minister to Nicaragua, at Managua, +the State Department suggested a +further appropriation by the American +Red Cross to continue the alleviation +of the suffering which would +probably continue some time after +the revolutionary disturbances. Pursuant +to this suggestion, a further appropriation +of $1,000 was made by +the Central Committee, and the supply +of corn and beans purchased therewith +was shipped to Managua from +Panama on the steamer <i>San Juan</i>, on +September 7th.</p> + +<p>Under date of January 21, 1913, the +Secretary of State transmitted to the +American Red Cross a report from +Mr. Weitzel as to the manner in +which the supplies were distributed +and the effectiveness of the relief rendered. +Following is an extract from +that report:</p> + +<p>“The first car, consisting of flour, +corn, beans, rice and potatoes to the +value of one thousand dollars, left the +Panama Canal Zone on August 9, +1912, in charge of Major Smedley D. +Butler, U. S. M. C., and was received +in Managua on the 15th of that +month.</p> + +<p>“The legation requested a committee +of Americans, including Messrs. +Otto Schoenrich, A. R. Thompson, C. +D. Ham, A. J. Lindberg and J. A. +Whitaker, to take charge of the provisions +under instructions to relieve +all cases of distress, irrespective of +affiliation of the applicants; but as +they were unable to attend to the +matter on account of departure from +the city, or other reason, the legation +decided to do the work itself. Mr. +Walter H. Hooper, an American missionary, +and Padre J. A. Lezcano, a +well known Nicaraguan priest, kindly +offered to assist in investigating +needy cases. Signed tickets, good for +five rations, were then issued to the +applicants who presented them to Mr. +William Gower, assistant paymaster +of the United States Navy, at the railroad +station, where two-fifths of the +car load was distributed, beginning +with the flour and potatoes, which +deteriorate very rapidly in this climate.</p> + +<p>“The remaining three-fifths were +taken to Leon, where Lieutenant Colonel +Charles G. Long, U. S. M. C., distributed +them through the Hospital +San Vincente and the Sisters of +Charity, reserving a portion, however, +to feed one hundred and twenty-five +prisoners, who had been sadly<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> +neglected during the hostilities in +that town.</p> + +<p>“The second carload donated by +the Red Cross consisted of 10,000 +pounds of beans and 7,140 pounds of +cornmeal, these two staples being the +principal articles of food for the +poorer classes in Nicaragua. Having +been despatched from the Canal Zone +on September 7th the consignment +reached Managua on the 14th of that +month and was started the next +morning to Granada under the personal +charge of the clerk of the legation, +arriving there after being fired +on at the Barranca on Sunday, September +22d. The distribution was +promptly begun from a central station +even before the disarmament had +taken place. Great assistance was +rendered by Dr. Juan I. Urtecho, an +elderly gentleman of wide reputation +for impartial charity, who has devoted +many years of his professional +life as a physician to gratuitous practice +among the poor, and who before +the arrival of the Americans had fed +at his own expense hundreds of famished +people. Several of the Granada +ladies kindly volunteered their services +in placing the tickets with deserving +families, and Private Baldwin, +U. S. M. C., supplied the holders +of the tickets with the number of +rations thereon designated, nearly +8,000 in all being thus disposed of. +A gratifying feature of the distribution +of supplies was the small number +of men who appeared in line, and +even those few were maimed, sick or +blind. The Red Cross and San Juan +Hospitals, the French College for +Girls and the schools were given the +first attention.</p> + +<p>“There was urgent need of help, as +many poor families had been forced +for a long time to subsist on green +mangoes, and some deaths had already +resulted from starvation, but +the timely arrival of supplies quickly +relieved the situation. Children who +crowded around the camp were fed +by the enlisted men out of their own +rations, and a carload of corn and +flour donated by the American colony +in Managua was distributed among +the sufferers.</p> + +<p>“As soon as order was restored the +farmers from the surrounding territory +brought their produce to market, +and the railroad resumed transportation +of supplies which had been +accumulating in Corinto, so that conditions +at Granada and elsewhere +should begin gradually to improve, +although it will be some time before +the people will cease to feel the depression +caused by the failure of +crops for two successive years, and +by the hardships suffered during the +present disturbances.</p> + +<p>“The prompt and generous action +of the American Red Cross has won +expressions of deep appreciation +from those who have been helped, +and has created the kindliest feeling +among all classes of people in Nicaragua.”</p> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Important_Conference_on_Red_Cross_Christmas_Seals">Important Conference on Red Cross Christmas Seals</h2> + +</div> + +<p>No sooner does one Red Cross +Christmas Seal Campaign end +than preparations for the next +begins. While the public sees and +hears of the seal only during the +months of November and December, +when the seals are on sale, a very +large amount of preparatory work is +necessary in order that the sale may +reach every section of the country +and may be carried on with the publicity +and system which are necessary +to success.</p> + +<p>Although the returns from the season +of 1912 are not yet all received, +the first important step toward the +Christmas Seal Campaign of 1913 has +already been taken. This was a conference +held in the offices of the +American Red Cross in Washington +on February 28th and attended by +many of the principal State and city +agents, who have demonstrated their +ability in past years and will be leaders +in the campaign of this year. It +is gratifying to note that with each +succeeding year the system and +methods of selling Christmas Seals +are improving. In the first year or +two after the introduction of the +Seals as a means of obtaining support +for anti-tuberculosis work, the +venture was generally regarded as +one of those novelties which, after a +transient popularity, drop quickly +out of use. Agents thought it +scarcely worth while to undertake +the trouble and expense of systematizing +their methods of selling +and accounting. Gradually the +permanent value of the Seal as a +method of interesting a very large +number of people in anti-tuberculosis +work and in raising large sums of +money without unjustly burdening +any givers began to be apparent. +From that time the methods of distributing, +selling and accounting for +the Seals have been made the subject +of careful study. System and business +methods have been gradually +introduced, with the result that instead +of falling away, the sales of +Seals have increased with each year, +while economies which have been introduced +in administration have increased +the percentage of net profit.</p> + +<p>In the winter of 1912 the first conference +was held of agents for the +Seals for the discussion and interchange +of experiences and for the +purpose of reaching an agreement +upon questions of interest to all. That +conference was so prolific of good +results in the Seal campaign of 1912 +that a second similar conference was +held on February 28th, as above mentioned.</p> + +<p>An idea of the thoroughness with +which the agents are considering the +business of distributing the Seals +may be gained from a mention of a +few topics considered at this conference. +The first subject of discussion +was the design for the Christmas Seal +of 1913 and the form which the Seal +should take. It was the unanimous +opinion of those present that the Seal +should contain some pictorial design +suitable to the Christmas season, +rather than a purely ornamental design +of artistic merit, but without any +particular human appeal. Without +exception the agents reported that the +design for 1912, containing a head of +Santa Claus, had proved the most +popular yet adopted.</p> + +<p>Another subject discussed was the +character, variety and quantity of advertising +matter to be prepared. It +was reported that an experiment in +selling Seals through penny-in-the-slot +machines had proved unsuccessful, +and this method of distribution +was disapproved. From many agents +it was learned that the sale of Seals<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> +through a simple mail order system +had proved successful and inexpensive. +In many busy offices agents +for the Seals find it difficult to obtain +a hearing by personal calls, when a +brief, well-expressed letter will receive +a prompt and favorable response. +In certain cities fully half +the Seals sold in 1912 were disposed +of in this manner.</p> + +<p>It was found to be the consensus +of opinion among agents that the offering +of prizes for the sale of Seals, +especially individual prizes to school +children, is inadvisable. A few +agents reported the successful use of +prizes for schools, but not to individual +pupils, without apparent disadvantages. +All agreed that great +care must be exercised in offering +prizes in order to avoid stimulating +children to improper methods. +Several agents reported that citizens +of their communities had complained +of annoyance because of the numerous +calls at their doors by children +desirous of selling Seals. One agent +described a method of avoiding this +nuisance which has proved completely +successful in his community. This +method is for a citizen who has purchased +Christmas Seals to paste one +of the seals on his door knob or front +door. Any child approaching a door +and seeing a seal thus posted, understands +that he is not to disturb that +household, as its supply of Seals is +already purchased. By announcing +this system of protection through the +press and in the schools it is said to +have fully accomplished its purpose.</p> + +<p>Tn Ohio the State agent for the +Seals adopted a method of awarding +prizes which is reported to have been +extremely successful, not only as a +stimulus to the selling of Seals, but +as an educational factor. The agent +offered to supply a visiting nurse for +one month to each of the twelve cities +in the State of Ohio which sold the +largest percentage of Seals in proportion +to its population. A trained +visiting nurse was employed by the +State agent for one year and was sent +in turn from city to city among the +prize winners, serving one month in +each locality. Not only did this prove +an extremely popular arrangement, +but in six of the cities benefited by +the plan in 1912, the public became +so impressed by the value of the visiting +nurse that they arranged to employ +nurses permanently upon the +withdrawal of the prize nurse.</p> + +<p>It has been found by experience +that the distribution and sale of Seals +can best be carried on through the +appointment of State agents, who in +turn appoint, and are responsible for, +the local agents. The State agents +return to the American Red Cross 10 +per cent of the gross proceeds of sales +in their respective States. This 10 +per cent is to cover the expense to +the Red Cross, which manufactures +and distributes the Seals and the +large quantity and variety of advertising +matter used by the agents. The +conference discussed at length the +question of the percentage which the +local agents should pay to the State +agents. This discussion resulted in +the conclusion that it is impracticable +to fix upon a percentage applicable +to all States alike. Local conditions +vary so widely in different +States that a percentage which would +be fair in one State might be unsatisfactory +in another. The reports indicated +that the percentages charged +by State agents to their local agencies +vary from 2½ to 20 per cent on +gross sales, although in one or two +instances the percentage required to +be returned to the State agents has +exceeded 20 per cent.</p> + +<p>Many other subjects of material +interest were discussed, and no doubt +exists that the conference will prove +to have been of material value to all +who participated in it. The agents +who were present were the following:</p> + +<ul> +<li>Dr. William Charles White, of Pittsburgh.</li> +<li>Mr. Frank H. Mann, of New York City.</li> +<li>Mr. William J. Deeney, of Philadelphia.</li> +<li>Mr. Karl de Schweinits, of Philadelphia.</li> +<li>Dr. Hoyt E. Dearholt, of Milwaukee.</li> +<li>Dr. R. H. Bishop, of Cleveland, O.<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span></p></li> +<li>Mr. D. Van Blarcom, of New York City.</li> +<li>Mr. Ernest D. Easton, of Newark.</li> +<li>Mr. Severance Burrage, of Indianapolis.</li> +<li>Mr. H. Wirt Steele, of Baltimore.</li> +<li>Mr. L. B. Meyers, of Charlotte, N. C.</li> +<li>Mr. James Jenkins, Jr., of Brooklyn.</li> +<li>Mr. William C. Smallwood, of Newark.</li> +<li>Mr. Roy L. French, of Baltimore.</li> +<li>Mr. Kendall Weisiger, of Atlanta.</li> +</ul> + +<p>Besides the agents above mentioned, +there were also present Dr. +Livingston Farrand and Mr. Philip +P. Jacobs, of the National Association +for the Study and Prevention of +Tuberculosis, and Miss Mabel T. +Boardman, Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell +and Mr. Charles L. Magee, of the +American Red Cross.</p> + +<p>The National Association for the +Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, +as in 1911 and 1912, has been +appointed by the Red Cross as national +sales agent for the Christmas +Seals. The appointment of State +agents, as in the past, will be in the +hands of the national sales agent.</p> + +<p>While it is not possible at this time +to publish a complete statement of returns +from the Christmas Seal campaign +of 1912, the following figures +will show the results reached by +some of the leading agents:</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Partial Statement of the Results of Christmas Seal Sales for 1912 +Compiled from the Reports of Agents.</span></h3> + +<table> + <tr> + <th><i>Agency.</i></th> + <th><i>Number of<br>Seals Rec’d.</i></th> + <th><i>Number of<br>Seals Sold.</i></th> + <th><i>Percentage of<br>Seals Sold.</i></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Arkansas</td> + <td class="tdr">140,000</td> + <td class="tdr">118,819</td> + <td class="tdr">84.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>California</td> + <td class="tdr">5,500,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,373,520</td> + <td class="tdr">24.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Connecticut—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Danbury</td> + <td class="tdr">25,000</td> + <td class="tdr">15,305</td> + <td class="tdr">61.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Hartford</td> + <td class="tdr">250,000</td> + <td class="tdr">148,035</td> + <td class="tdr">59.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Litchfield</td> + <td class="tdr">40,000</td> + <td class="tdr">32,960</td> + <td class="tdr">82.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Meriden</td> + <td class="tdr">100,100</td> + <td class="tdr">5,554</td> + <td class="tdr">5.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Middletown</td> + <td class="tdr">75,000</td> + <td class="tdr">34,741</td> + <td class="tdr">46.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">New Britain</td> + <td class="tdr">125,000</td> + <td class="tdr">74,257</td> + <td class="tdr">59.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">New Haven</td> + <td class="tdr">600,000</td> + <td class="tdr">228,220</td> + <td class="tdr">38.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">New London</td> + <td class="tdr">50,000</td> + <td class="tdr">19,893</td> + <td class="tdr">39.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Norwich</td> + <td class="tdr">120,000</td> + <td class="tdr">82,694</td> + <td class="tdr">68.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Stamford</td> + <td class="tdr">40,000</td> + <td class="tdr">30,385</td> + <td class="tdr">75.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Waterbury</td> + <td class="tdr">250,000</td> + <td class="tdr">184,921</td> + <td class="tdr">73.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Delaware</td> + <td class="tdr">75,000</td> + <td class="tdr">42,746</td> + <td class="tdr">56.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>District of Columbia</td> + <td class="tdr">374,500</td> + <td class="tdr">362,716</td> + <td class="tdr">96.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Georgia</td> + <td class="tdr">1,800,000</td> + <td class="tdr">770,770</td> + <td class="tdr">42.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Hawaii</td> + <td class="tdr">400,000</td> + <td class="tdr">179,995</td> + <td class="tdr">44.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Illinois</td> + <td class="tdr">6,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,821,520</td> + <td class="tdr">30.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Iowa</td> + <td class="tdr">1,500,000</td> + <td class="tdr">410,440</td> + <td class="tdr">27.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Kentucky—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Covington</td> + <td class="tdr">100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">36,406</td> + <td class="tdr">36.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Cynthiana</td> + <td class="tdr">10,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,205</td> + <td class="tdr">12.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Henderson</td> + <td class="tdr">50,000</td> + <td class="tdr">10,040</td> + <td class="tdr">20.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Lexington</td> + <td class="tdr">140,000</td> + <td class="tdr">61,505</td> + <td class="tdr">43.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Louisville</td> + <td class="tdr">300,000</td> + <td class="tdr">180,446</td> + <td class="tdr">60.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Owensboro</td> + <td class="tdr">30,000</td> + <td class="tdr">8,240</td> + <td class="tdr">27.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Paducah</td> + <td class="tdr">100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">48,349</td> + <td class="tdr">48.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Louisiana</td> + <td class="tdr">600,000</td> + <td class="tdr">281,784</td> + <td class="tdr">46.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Maine</td> + <td class="tdr">1,500,000</td> + <td class="tdr">304,884</td> + <td class="tdr">20.3<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Maryland</td> + <td class="tdr">1,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">512,819</td> + <td class="tdr">51.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Massachusetts—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Boston</td> + <td class="tdr">2,500,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,353,969</td> + <td class="tdr">54.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Holyoke</td> + <td class="tdr">100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">52,114</td> + <td class="tdr">52.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Pittsfield</td> + <td class="tdr">100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">71,345</td> + <td class="tdr">71.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Springfield</td> + <td class="tdr">150,000</td> + <td class="tdr">89,265</td> + <td class="tdr">59.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Michigan</td> + <td class="tdr">3,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,078,464</td> + <td class="tdr">35.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Mississippi</td> + <td class="tdr">500,000</td> + <td class="tdr">153,220</td> + <td class="tdr">30.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Montana—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Billings</td> + <td class="tdr">75,100</td> + <td class="tdr">14,870</td> + <td class="tdr">19.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Great Falls</td> + <td class="tdr">20,000</td> + <td class="tdr">17,358</td> + <td class="tdr">86.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Nebraska</td> + <td class="tdr">720,000</td> + <td class="tdr">289,360</td> + <td class="tdr">40.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Hampshire</td> + <td class="tdr">190,000</td> + <td class="tdr">100,180</td> + <td class="tdr">52.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New York—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Brooklyn</td> + <td class="tdr">2,100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,323,220</td> + <td class="tdr">63.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">New York City</td> + <td class="tdr">4,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">2,079,324</td> + <td class="tdr">51.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>North Carolina</td> + <td class="tdr">801,500</td> + <td class="tdr">396,053</td> + <td class="tdr">49.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Oregon</td> + <td class="tdr">1,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">124,536</td> + <td class="tdr">12.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Pennsylvania</td> + <td class="tdr">2,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,297,531</td> + <td class="tdr">64.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Rhode Island</td> + <td class="tdr">2,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,101,700</td> + <td class="tdr">55.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>South Carolina—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Georgetown</td> + <td class="tdr">10,000</td> + <td class="tdr">400</td> + <td class="tdr">4.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Spartanburg</td> + <td class="tdr">20,000</td> + <td class="tdr">8,860</td> + <td class="tdr">44.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>South Dakota—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Aberdeen</td> + <td class="tdr">25,100</td> + <td class="tdr">5,510</td> + <td class="tdr">21.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Sioux City</td> + <td class="tdr">40,000</td> + <td class="tdr">8,929</td> + <td class="tdr">22.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Tennessee</td> + <td class="tdr">1,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">118,300</td> + <td class="tdr">11.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Utah—</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Ogden</td> + <td class="tdr">50,000</td> + <td class="tdr">8,000</td> + <td class="tdr">16.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="sub">Salt Lake City</td> + <td class="tdr">100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">100,000</td> + <td class="tdr">100.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Vermont</td> + <td class="tdr">125,000</td> + <td class="tdr">65,786</td> + <td class="tdr">52.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Virginia</td> + <td class="tdr">250,000</td> + <td class="tdr">151,450</td> + <td class="tdr">60.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>West Virginia</td> + <td class="tdr">700,000</td> + <td class="tdr">457,175</td> + <td class="tdr">65.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Wisconsin</td> + <td class="tdr">3,000,000</td> + <td class="tdr">2,896,840</td> + <td class="tdr">96.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">Total</td> + <td class="tdr bt">45,871,300</td> + <td class="tdr bt">20,746,938</td> + <td class="tdr bt">45.2</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p>The important position which the +Red Cross Christmas Seal now occupies +as a means of support for anti-tuberculosis +work in the United +States is indicated by the fact that +the sales of the Seal, since its introduction +five years ago, have +amounted to a total of more than +$1,000,000. Every year the sale has +exceeded that of the year preceding. +In 1911 the total sale amounted +to $339,656.08, and it is believed +that the complete reports +of the sale in 1912 will show a +considerable increase over that +amount.</p> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="What_the_Red_Cross_Seal_Has_Done_for_Brooklyn">What the Red Cross Seal Has Done for Brooklyn</h2> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">James Jenkins, Jr.</span>,<br> +<i>Executive Secretary, Brooklyn Committee on Tuberculosis</i>.</p> + +</div> + +<p>The money made by the Red +Cross Christmas Seal has done +a very definite and practical +piece of work for Brooklyn, New +York. About a year before the seals +were issued, there had been formed +in Brooklyn a Tuberculosis Committee, +that had at that time limited +funds but was struggling to carry +on various pieces of important and +rather expensive work. One of the +needs of the community was more +adequate hospital facilities and a day +camp for tubercular patients. The +camp was to be established for mothers +and children, and it was hoped +at that time that a class might be +formed for children, who could go +on with their school duties.</p> + +<p>As a result of the first year’s sales +about $5,000 was made, and through +the help of the Erie Railroad an old +ferryboat was made into a city day +camp and attached to one of the piers +of North River, where the air is as +fresh as possible, in such a large city. +The first day the camp opened there +were thirty-five cases on the boat and +the number has increased, sometimes +slowly but always steadily, until now +the capacity of the boat is 100 patients. +The first summer a kindergarten +teacher was privately employed, +who entertained the children, +but early in the fall a regular class +was established, as an annex to one +of the public schools, and it was the +only school in Brooklyn for tubercular +children. Now the boat has three +classes, of nearly thirty children +each, besides fifteen adults.</p> + +<p>When the day camp was established +and known as the Red Cross +Day Camp, it was planned by the Tuberculosis +Committee to have the city +take it over or share the expenses, if +the experiment should prove worth +while. The city very soon recognized +the value of the work at the Red +Cross Day Camp and the children +were admitted through the city tubercular +clinics. Gradually the city +has taken over more and more of the +expenses of the camp, but the boat is +still known as the Red Cross Day +Camp, and the money made by the +sale of the seals pays the remarkably +good superintendent of the boat, furnishes +carfare to and from the camp, +for those patients who cannot afford +to pay, and also pays for any special +training which the committee deems +valuable to the patients. This year a +cobbling teacher has been employed +to teach the boys how to mend their +own shoes; an expert course of corrective +exercises was given by a +trained man; chair caning was +taught and the adults and older girls +are taught to sew and mend.</p> + +<p>The total number of cases admitted +to the boat since the beginning is +965. The curative results have been +excellent, especially with the children. +At the beginning of the second +semester of the school year this session +about one-third of the children +were pronounced cured and sent +back to their regular schools.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus18" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus18.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>OPEN AIR SCHOOL FOR TUBERCULAR CHILDREN, + BROOKLYN. N. Y. PHOTOGRAPH SHOWS CHILDREN SLEEPING AFTER LUNCHEON</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span></p> + +<p>In addition to the work of the day +camp this year the funds raised by +the Red Cross Christmas Seals will +be devoted to the open-air classes for +anemic children in the public schools. +There are open-air classes in eight of +the public schools now in Brooklyn. +About 300 children attend these +classes and all of them are given +some extra nourishment in the morning +and afternoon and a warm lunch +at noon, and some extra clothing +was provided by the Board of Education. +Special examinations by +private physicians, visits to homes, +employment of cooks, supervisor, +etc., come out of the Red Cross +money.</p> + +<p>The plan adopted in Brooklyn has +been to keep the Red Cross money in +a special fund and devote it to some +specific work, which interests the +thousands of people who buy seals +at Christmas time. Without the help +of the sale of the seals it would have +been impossible to have done some +of the most valuable work which has +been done for tubercular patients in +Brooklyn.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus19" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus19.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>“FERRY BOAT CAMP.” THE SCHOOL AT PLAY.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="First_Aid_Department">First Aid Department</h2> + +</div> + +<p>One of the most successful campaigns +conducted by the First +Aid Department of the American +Red Cross has been that on the +Missouri-Pacific System, which was +completed at Texarkana, Arkansas, +on January 4, 1913. It was begun at +Omaha, Nebraska, on the September +16, 1912. A great part of the Missouri-Pacific +System was covered +during the ensuing two months and +a half, meetings being held at points +in nine different States. The total +number of meetings was 234, the +total attendance 14,050, and the total +travel 5,752 miles. The employes of +this railroad system were generally +greatly interested in learning first +aid. As the direct result of this tour +the entire system is to be outfitted +with first aid supplies and the instruction +of men in their use is to be +continued systematically.</p> + +<p>It is gratifying to be able to record +the fact that in the course of this +campaign many public meetings +have been held both in Car No. 1 and +in town halls. Several opportunities +have been offered to speak on first +aid at high schools, and in one or +two towns this subject will be adopted +as part of the curriculum. Many +fire and police departments have been +represented at meetings as well as a +good number of industries.</p> + +<p>Dr. Mackey, in charge of Car No. +1 on his arrival at Texarkana, +Texas, on January 6, made arrangements +to hold meetings at schools, +factories, etc., in that town while +awaiting a new railroad schedule. +The high school and normal school +attendance during this period +amounted to 995 persons. The school +board of Texarkana has adopted first +aid to the injured as a regular course +of study in the high school. The Y. +M. C. A. has installed a complete +course and the Texarkana Normal +School (colored) has decided to take +up this work. On leaving Texarkana +on the 17th of January, 1913, Dr. +Mackey, with Car No. 1, resumed his +railroad work on the St. Louis Southwestern +Railroad of Texas. This was +continued until the end of February +with a total attendance of 2,085, a +total of 30 meetings, and a total +travel of 1,274 miles.</p> + +<p>The hard and continuous service +of Car No. 1 during the past three +years has finally put it out of commission +beyond hope of repair. It +is a pleasure to be able to record the +fact that the Pullman Company has +generously offered to replace this car +with a new one which will be larger +and better suited to Red Cross purposes. +It is expected that this car +will be ready for service before this +report goes to press. Meanwhile, Dr. +Mackey is devoting his time to the +various schools and industries in the +vicinity of Texarkana, Texas.</p> + +<p>After what Dr. Davis, in charge of +Car No. 2, characterizes as a splendid +campaign over the Philadelphia & +Reading System first aid work was +taken up for the Lehigh Valley Railroad. +This was begun on December +13, 1912, and continued to February +7, 1913. The more important points +visited and at which meetings were +held were as follows: Jersey City, +Perth Amboy, N. J.; Easton. Pa.; +Bethlehem, Pa.; Lehighton, Pa.; Hazleton, +Pa.; Delano, Pa.; Wilkes-Barre, +Pa.; Pittston, Pa.; Sayre, Pa.: Auburn, +N. Y.; Manchester, N. Y.; Rochester, +N. Y.; Buffalo, N. Y., and Niagara +Falls, N. Y. The total number +of miles traveled was 916; 72 meetings +were held, with a total attendance +of 3,105. The interest displayed +on the Lehigh Valley has been extremely +gratifying.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span></p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus20" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus20.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>DR. SHIELDS ILLUSTRATING USE OF RED + CROSS TOURNIQUET. THE COMPRESS IN THIS CASE IS A POCKET KNIFE.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus21" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus21.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>EMPLOYEES OF THE CHESAPEAKE & POTOMAC + TELEPHONE CO., WASHINGTON, D. C., UNDER INSTRUCTION IN FIRST AID.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span></p> + +<p>Dr. Davis also reports that he +learned from Mr. J. S. Rockwell, +General Agent, Buffalo, Rochester & +Pittsburgh Railroad, that since Car +No. 2 covered that system last spring +the work has been progressing very +favorably under the supervision of +the company surgeons. The men +and officers are taking an active part +in the movement and the results have +been strikingly successful, not only +in respect to proper handling and +dressing of injuries but in a decrease +in the number of accidents. A bulletin +is posted each month at the different +shops making comparison as +to the number injured for each plant +per number employed. Mr. Rockwell +states that it is truly remarkable the +way the men from the different shops +are vying with each other in doing +everything in their power to make +their particular shops come out at +the end of the month with the fewest +injured.</p> + +<p>The Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh +Railroad would like very much +to have another first aid campaign +over its lines with the idea of getting +road men thoroughly organized +in order that as nearly as possible +they may be on a par with the men +employed in the shops. The report +from this railroad is of the greatest +importance as it shows the direction +which it is believed first aid should +take on railroads generally; first, the +prevention of accidents, and, second, +their proper care if they do unfortunately +occur.</p> + +<p>As mentioned in the January <span class="smcap">Red +Cross Magazine</span>, Dr. M. J. Shields. +Field Agent of the First Aid Department +of the American Red Cross, has +been carrying on a very successful +first aid campaign for the Bell Telephone +Company, spending from December +3, 1912, to February 12, 1913, +with the Bell Telephone Company of +Pennsylvania and from February 14 +to March 10, covering the Chesapeake +and Potomac Company’s plant. Lectures +were given in Philadelphia and +vicinity, Chester, Westchester, West +Grove, Jenkintown, Doylestown, Norristown, +Pottstown, and Lancaster in +eastern Pennsylvania: Camden, Atlantic +City, Burlington, Bridgetown, +and Trenton in New Jersey, and at +Wilmington and Dover in Delaware.</p> + +<p>The following offices of the Bell +Telephone Company of Pennsylvania +were also visited during January and +February: Reading, Allentown, Harrisburg, +Altoona, Lewistown, Bellefonte, +Williamsport, Sunbury, +Wilkes-Barre, Scranton, Easton, Pittsburgh, +Washington, Uniontown, +Greensburg, Johnstown, New Kensington, +Rochester, New Castle, Greenville, +Erie, Warren, Oil City, Bradford, +Du Bois, and Butler in Pennsylvania; +in West Virginia, Wheeling, +Fairmont, Clarksburg and Parkersburg; +and in Ohio, Marietta, +Urieville, Steubenville, and East Liverpool.</p> + +<p>In Chesapeake and Potomac territory, +Washington, D. C., Baltimore, +Westminister, Frederick, Hagerstown, +Queenstown, Salisbury, all in +Maryland were reached as well as +Norfolk, Richmond, and Lynchburg +in Virginia and Thurmond, Charleston, +Huntington, and Martinsburg in +West Virginia. In all, the number +of meetings held was 142, miles traveled +7,500, and attendance 7,950.</p> + +<p>Those in attendance at the meetings +were principally from the plant +department, the men who build and +maintain the telephone lines, put up +ærial and underground cables, and +install ’phones, but at nearly every +meeting numbers from the commercial +and traffic departments attended. +Special talks were given in Philadelphia, +Pittsburgh, Baltimore, and +Washington, D. C., to the chief operators +(women) and matrons on +what to do in sudden illness and +emergencies, on how to keep well, +and on personal hygiene. Dr. Shields +reports that these lectures were well +received. He also reports that the +subject of accident prevention was +taken up and emphasized at each +lecture.</p> + +<p>Invitations to attend these lectures +were extended to the officials and +employes of the various electric light, +power and street car companies. Also +to the Western Union, Postal and +American Telegraph and Telephoto +companies, with the idea of encouraging +a cooperative movement +already started of making a safer arrangement +of cross-arms and a better<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> +spread and less dangerous arrangement +of high tension wires on +poles jointly used and in underground +conduits, thereby cutting +down to the minimum the most distressing +of accidents—fatal shock on +a pole 30 feet in the air or in an 8-foot +man hole.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus22" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus22.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>DEMONSTRATION OF FIRST AID TO BELL + TELEPHONE COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, “PATIENT”: HAS FRACTURED HIP, FRACTURED + LEG AND WOUNDS ON HEAD.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p>The press in the towns and cities +visited gave the work good publicity +both in their news columns and editorials. +The <i>Gazette-Times</i> of Pittsburgh, +on Sunday, February 16, had +a full page with excellent illustrations. +The following is an extract +from an editorial in the <i>Westminster +Maryland Times</i> of February 21:</p> + +<div class="blockquote"> + +<p>“Too much cannot be said in +praise of the work now being done +by the Red Cross in educating people +to care for themselves and +others in time of accidents. That +such work has great economic, as +well as sentimental value, is proved +by the way the Bell Telephone +Companies and other large corporations +are spending money to +carry on campaigns, with the help +of the Red Cross surgeons, that will +show their men what they can and +should do in the way of giving first +aid to the injured, before a doctor +can arrive.”</p> +</div> + +<p>The <i>Telephone-News</i>, January 1st, +made first aid and accident prevention +a leading article. The <i>Transmitter</i>, +published by the Chesapeake & +Potomac Company, in the issue of +March 1st had an illustrated article +on the first aid Campaign.</p> + +<p>Throughout all this work every assistance +was given by the officials +and men and the work was much appreciated +by them. No doubt the interest +created will be the means of +doing a great deal of good not only +among telephone men but with the +public generally, as no business +comes into closer contact with the +public than that of the telephone +company.</p> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="First_Aid_in_Australia">First Aid in Australia</h2> + +</div> + +<p>As another exemplification of the +frequent assertion that the earth +is not so large after all is a letter +which the editor of the <span class="smcap">Red Cross +Magazine</span> recently received from Australia. +Mr. H. Leslie McWhinney, of +Auburn, Victoria, in some unexplained +way, obtained a copy of the +<span class="smcap">Magazine</span> for October, 1912, and became +so interested in the activities of +the American Red Cross that he was +moved to write the editor. His letter +contains so much information relative +to the work of the First Aid +Volunteer Association in Australia +that a portion of it is quoted here, as +follows:</p> + +<p>“First aid work in Australia is organized +and conducted by the St. +John Ambulance Association, an +English institution, which conducts +first aid and nursing classes, and has +a permanent ambulance service in +most of the capital cities of the six +States. It also has an organization +called the St. John Ambulance +Brigade, consisting of men’s and women’s +(nursing) divisions. Sydney +and Brisbane have civil ambulances +as well. In Melbourne we have the +First Aid Volunteer Association, +owing allegiance to St. John’s, but +acting quite independently of it.</p> + +<p>“This association had its origin in +the visit of the American fleet in 1908, +when this country became wild with +enthusiasm and large crowds visited +the seaports to see the fleet. The Melbourne +City Council, expecting large +crowds and many accidents, called +for volunteers holding first aid certificates, +and a number responded, and +rendered good service. Afterwards +Mr. W. F. Pratt, our present secretary, +suggested that those on duty +should form a practice society, and +this was done, the First Aid Volunteer +Association being formed.</p> + +<p>“Our membership has increased +from 40 to 110, and is now growing +rapidly; the average attendance at +weekly meetings ranges from 30 to +40 and at lectures from 60 to 80. We +encourage people interested in first +aid to visit our meetings and send +members out to help class secretaries. +We also supply members for first aid +duty at large public meetings, exhibitions, +missions and other gatherings. +Last year our members attended +the Scoville Mission for six weeks, +treating 44 cases; the Alexander-Chapman +Mission (4 weeks), and +several other large gatherings. A +hygiene exhibition opens in Melbourne +next week and we have agreed +to supply 12 members a night for +four weeks. We make no charge, +and our members take no payment. +Of course, we are willing to accept +donations to our funds, but do not +ask for them.</p> + +<p>“We have a stretcher and a first +class kit and plenty of bandages, besides +medical instruments for use on +duty by any medical man who happens +along. At our monthly outings, +which take place out of the city on +Saturday afternoons, the secretary +prepares a list of accidents, labels +various ‘patients,’ and the other members +have to work in pairs, being allowed +one bandage apiece and having +to improvise the others. Average +attendance is thirty. We usually do +a little propaganda work at these outings, +inviting the local class secretaries +to bring along their pupils, if +any.”</p> + +<p>Of course, the readers of the <span class="smcap">Red +Cross Magazine</span> will understand the +difference between this First Aid Society +in Australia and the American +Red Cross. The First Aid Volunteer +Association was organized with only +one purpose in view, that of practicing +first aid, and one of the conditions +of membership is that the applicant<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> +must have received a first aid certificate; +whereas the activities of the +American Red Cross have many +ramifications and any reputable citizen +of the United States may become +a member thereof simply upon the +payment of dues. Membership in +the First Aid Association in Australia +is rather analogous to membership +in the classes throughout the +United States organized by the First +Aid Department of the American Red +Cross.</p> + +<p>It is interesting to note that the arrival +of the American fleet in Australian +waters in 1908 was the prime +cause for the organization of the +First Aid Volunteer Association.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus23" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus23.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>“BROKEN THIGH.” FIRST AID PRACTICE.</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="Red_Cross_Nursing_Service">Red Cross Nursing Service</h2> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Miss Jane A. Delano</span>,<br> +<i>Chairman National Committee.</i></p> + +</div> + +<p>The rapid development of the +Nursing Service of the Red +Cross and the solidarity of its +various activities are encouraging +signs of future growth and more extended +usefulness.</p> + +<p>Our state and local committees of +nurses, organized primarily for the +enrollment of Red Cross nurses, have +responded with enthusiasm whenever +new demands have been made upon +them. We now have more than five +hundred representative nurses serving +on these committees throughout +the United States, and their co-operation +and interest may be depended +upon to further any work undertaken +by the Red Cross. They have +been most active in the sale of +Christmas Seals and have co-operated +with local tuberculosis agencies, +often serving on special committees. +In organizing our Rural Nursing +Service we have sought their advice +and assistance. They have suggested +nurses for rural work and have +given valuable information in regard +to the needs of their own communities. +Further details concerning this +important service is given by Miss +Clement, superintendent of rural +nurses.</p> + +<p>Our local committees are found +ready to assist in relief work at celebrations +and parades, and appreciate +the opportunities for experience +thus offered. The District of Columbia +committee, of which Miss +Anna J. Greenlees is chairman, secured +the nurses required for relief +stations established in Washington +during inaugural week. A report of +the work of these stations appears +in this number of the <span class="smcap">Magazine</span>.</p> + +<p>The National Committee on Nursing +Service, in co-operation with the +First Aid Department, has been authorized +by the Red Cross to organize +classes of instruction for women in +Home Nursing and First Aid. Once +more we must appeal to our local +committees of nurses for their assistance. +The plan adopted requires +that the instruction in Home Nursing +shall be given by enrolled Red Cross +nurses, who must, in a large measure, +be secured through the local +committees. As the work develops +we hope that nurses especially qualified +to instruct women in the principles +of right living and the home +care of the sick may be found willing +to devote their whole time to +this instruction. Even two classes a +day would give a fair income and +an opportunity to render valuable +service to a community. Information +concerning these classes for +women is given in this issue by Miss +Oliver, in charge of their organization.</p> + +<p>Believing that the course in first +aid adopted by the Red Cross would +be valuable even to graduate nurses, +arrangements have been made with +the First Aid Department to allow +enroled Red Cross nurses to take this +course at home. The textbook written +by Major Charles Lynch must +be used, and nurses who so desire +will be allowed to take an examination +under the direction of a physician +appointed by the Red Cross. To +those who pass this examination a +Red Cross First Aid Certificate will +be issued.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Rural Nursing</span></h3> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Miss Fannie F. Clement</span>,<br> +<i>Superintendent of Rural Nurses.</i></p> + +<p>Before the Red Cross entered +the field of rural nursing several +attempts were made to extend +this work on a broad plan into +the country districts. After the Peace +Conference, held at Portsmouth, N. H., +in 1905, the Russian and Japanese +envoys made a gift of $20,000 +to the State, to be used for charitable +purposes. At this time several persons +who realized that rural nursing +was an important factor in the improvement +of social conditions tried +to have this sum used in establishing +a state-wide system. It was not +possible, however, to convince those +in authority that this would be the +best disposition of the gift. It was +the aim of the Holman Association, +incorporated in 1911, “for the promotion +of rural nursing, hygiene and +social service.” to expand as resources +permitted to meet the needs +of rural communities in the United +States, but the society has recently +been disbanded.</p> + +<p>There are but few instances where +rural nursing has been extended by +a single organization to cover any +considerable area. A pioneer work +was started seventeen years ago in +North Westchester county, New +York, where the District Nursing Association +now employ six nurses +and covers about twenty villages. +Gradually new districts in the surrounding +territory are being opened +up by the association.</p> + +<p>There are, however, several individual +nurses meeting the needs of +rural communities, and often under +trying conditions. In isolated regions +they are cut off from helpful association +with others doing similar +work and the stimulus that comes +from identification with an extensive +organized effort. The Red Cross has +planned a service of which these +nurses may become a part, which +will assist them to establish and +maintain high standards.</p> + +<p>Rural nursing as it now exists is +generally carried on under the +supervision of a committee which +may include several sub-committees. +These are responsible for various +branches of the nurses’ work. +Wherever such committees are able +to arouse a general interest much has +been accomplished not only in behalf +of public health, but in many +lines of public welfare work.</p> + +<p>It is expected that in the development +of Red Cross rural nursing, +local committees will be created, +meeting standards of salary and +other regulations which are deemed +necessary to insure the best interests +of a community. The locality benefitted +by the work of a nurse is expected +to meet the expenses connected +with it. Fees collected from +patients are not sufficient for this, as +all sick persons are not able to pay +for the services of the nurse. As a +rule, patients are expected to pay for +professional visits, according to their +means, but those unable to make +any payments should not go uncared +for. The responsibility for raising +the necessary funds rests with the +local committee, which also superintends +the work of the nurse.</p> + +<p>A general supervision by the Red +Cross is maintained through occasional +visits of the superintendent +of rural nurses and through monthly +reports of their work.</p> + +<p>During the 1910 Red Cross Christmas +Seal sale, the Anti-Tuberculosis +Association of Wisconsin, offered +the services of a visiting nurse for +one month to twelve cities of a +limited population, making the highest +per capita sale. The Red Cross +Seal Committee of Ohio, in 1912, sent +a visiting nurse for one month to +each of twelve small cities throughout +the State as a prize in the seal-selling +contest. Interest in visiting +nursing was thus stimulated to a degree +that several of these towns have<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> +since been insisting upon a permanent +nurse, and have raised funds +necessary for her support.</p> + +<p>Hospitals, dispensaries and medical +attendance are seldom as accessible +in the country as in cities. To +have the rural nurse a resident in +the community, her services for all +regardless of any lines of distinction, +to have intelligent nursing care for +patients in their own homes, and instruction +and demonstration given +in the principles of hygiene, not only +of person but as applied to home surroundings, +are advantages which +have been appreciated wherever the +visiting nurse is established.</p> + +<p>The best physicians have welcomed +her assistance. No stronger +testimony to the value of her services +is needed than the present demand for +public health workers in connection +with industrial establishments, department +stores, religious and civic +institutions and health departments +of city, town and county.</p> + +<p>Women of the finest type are +needed for this work and those who +have had specialized training in public +health activities. Several visiting +nursing associations to be utilized as +training centers for Red Cross nurses +offer good opportunities for students +to become familiar with social work +of various kinds through lectures, +study courses and affiliations with +philanthropic societies in the city. +Nurses may thus come in contact +with milk stations, dispensaries, +tuberculosis and charity organization +societies, settlements and other +social agencies.</p> + +<p>Nurses eligible for appointment to +the Rural Nursing Service, who have +not already had experience or training +in visiting nursing, after a minimum +period of three months with a +city nursing association will be +placed one month with an association +in the country, thus giving them +actual experience in rural nursing +and its problems before assignment +to their post of duty. It is important +that the rural nurse be informed +upon the various branches of public +health nursing and social service, as +carried on in cities, in order that she +may initiate work along these lines +in country places where it is often +wholly unorganized. She should be +able to recognize contagious diseases +and minor ailments among school +children. By giving simple health +talks in the schools, she is able to +utilize one of the most advantageous +avenues for influencing the home +life of her people.</p> + +<p>Local societies and clubs, the aim +of which is to improve unfavorable +conditions that exist in their communities +can establish a no more +fruitful source of helpfulness than +by the employment of a visiting +nurse. Red Cross Chapters will find +in such an undertaking not only a +means of creating interest in local +work of the Red Cross, but opportunity +of enlarging their field of usefulness +to the community. The experience +of the Red Cross Chapter +in Islip, Long Island, in the employment +of a rural nurse has long ago +proven the value of this plan of +work.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Home Nursing and First Aid Instruction For Women</span></h3> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Miss Marion L. Oliver</span>,<br> +<i>In Charge of Organization of Classes.</i></p> + +<p>Believing that the physical +welfare of the race depends +largely upon home conditions +and that the women of the nation +have a very definite responsibility in +maintaining the health of the family, +the American Red Cross has undertaken +to organize on a national scale +classes for women in home nursing +and first aid. It is hoped that this +instruction will make them better +home makers, better mothers and +better citizens. Before describing +what has been accomplished in this<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span> +direction, it is best to give details of +the plan adopted. This can be done +most briefly by quoting from the official +circular relating to the same.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Plan of Instruction for Women.</span></h4> + +<p>The American Red Cross has decided +to organize classes of instruction +for women in first aid, home +nursing, hygiene and allied subjects, +to be given under the supervision of +the National Committee on Red Cross +Nursing Service.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Objects.</span></h4> + +<p>1. To afford women the opportunity +to learn first aid to the injured, +and to provide simple instruction in +the home care of the sick.</p> + +<p>2. To afford women the opportunity +to learn how to prepare food for +sick and well.</p> + +<p>3. To afford women the opportunity +to learn how to prepare rooms +and other places for the reception of +ill and injured.</p> + +<p>4. To afford women the opportunity +to learn how to protect their +own health and that of their families.</p> + +<p>It must be distinctly understood +that this course of instruction for +women is only intended to prepare +them to render emergency assistance +in case of accident, to give more intelligent +care to their own families +under competent direction, and, in +exceptional cases, to assist in relief +work under the supervision of the +Nursing Service of the American +Red Cross.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Need.</span></h4> + +<p>Much needless suffering is now +caused the ill and injured on account +of the ignorance of unskilled +persons. It has been said that the +fate of the injured is dependent on +the care which their injuries first receive. +It is therefore necessary for +everybody to learn what to do first in +an emergency, and what not to do. +This is easy to learn, but the subject +must be learned. Nobody can be expected +to know this without instruction. +The number of people injured +in the United States is rapidly +mounting and is now in the hundreds +of thousands annually. Knowledge +of first aid to the injured cannot, +it is true, prevent the consequent +suffering entirely, but it can be made +an important factor in this result.</p> + +<p>The health of the family depends +largely upon the home maker, and +it is most essential that she have a +definite knowledge of personal and +household hygiene and the proper +preparation of food. Special diet for +the sick is no less essential. Scarcely +any woman is unacquainted with +the sick room in her own family, and +some simple instruction in the care +of the sick should be a part of every +woman’s education.</p> + +<p>It is the purpose of the Red Cross +to provide for this instruction.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Results.</span></h4> + +<p>This work is just being started in +this country, so that great results +cannot yet be reported. It has already +been demonstrated here, however, +that instruction in first aid will reduce +deaths and serious results from +injuries about one-half. On railroads +and everywhere else that the American +Red Cross has carried first aid +instruction, all interested are enthusiastic +in praise of the benefits +derived. In other countries, such as +Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy +and Russia, work of a similar character +to that contemplated for women +has been done for many years +and all testimony goes to show that +the public has largely benefited +therefrom.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Course of Instruction.</span></h4> + +<p>Ten lessons in First Aid.</p> + +<p>Fifteen lessons in Hygiene and +Home Nursing.</p> + +<p>Fifteen lessons in Dietetics and +Household Economy.</p> + +<p>All instruction will be very practical +and pupils will, as far as possible, +be required actually to do +everything described in the teaching.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span> +Lessons in either First Aid or Home +Nursing may be given first, but both +these courses of lessons must be +completed and certificates must be +held in both by those desiring to take +further instruction.</p> + +<p>No two courses of instruction may +be taken at the same time.</p> + +<p>All first aid courses must be given +by a physician and other instructions +by a Red Cross nurse, unless +otherwise authorized by the Red +Cross.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Organization of Classes.</span></h4> + +<p>Women desiring to form a class in +either first aid or home nursing +should secure a sufficient number of +names—not less than ten or more +than twenty-five—selecting one to +act as president. The president so +selected should then communicate +with the Department of Instruction +for Women, American Red Cross, +Washington, D. C. A roll will be +supplied on which the names of the +members of the class will be inscribed +and answers given in respect +to certain essentials.</p> + +<p>No one under sixteen years of age +is eligible for these classes.</p> + +<p>It will be necessary locally to obtain +the services of a physician or a +nurse to give the instruction, whose +name and address should be forwarded +to Washington with required roll +of proposed class. All instructions +must be approved, and a card of +authorization issued, by the Red +Cross before any course is begun.</p> + +<p>The instructors’ fees, if any, must +be paid locally, and arrangements +for the same must be made by the +class with the instructor selected.</p> + +<p>It will also be necessary to provide +a meeting place.</p> + +<p>Books and charts will be supplied +by the Red Cross. The cost of these +will be $1 per member for each +course of ten lessons, and $1.50 per +member for each course of fifteen +lessons. Payment for the same should +be made in advance. The president +will be responsible for collecting and +forwarding this amount to Washington.</p> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Examinations and Certificates.</span></h4> + +<p>On the completion of each course +of instruction an examiner will be +appointed, to be paid by the Red +Cross. Such examiner will be other +than the instructor of the class.</p> + +<p>No one will be allowed to take an +examination in any course who has +not attended at least three-fourths of +the lessons of that course.</p> + +<p>Certificates will be given successful +candidates at the conclusion of +each course of instruction.</p> + +<p>After fulfilling the requirements +for the organization of a class and +the instructor has been formally appointed +the class is free to begin +work, and very interesting work it +proves to be. The course of instruction +in first aid begins with an introductory +lesson in anatomy and +physiology followed by nine lessons +with practical demonstration in the +care of emergencies and accidents +most likely to be met with in the +every-day walks of life. It is most +desirable that each pupil be given an +opportunity to practice on a model +or manikin the various points covered +in the lessons. After the ten lessons +are over, those members of a +class who have not been absent more +than three times, are ready for examination. +This is given by a physician +other than the instructor of +the class who is appointed direct +from the first aid office. The examination +is one-third oral, one-third +written and one-third practical.</p> + +<p>There are fifteen lessons in the +Home Nursing course, and these +should prove of absorbing interest +and practical value to every one. The +preliminary lessons deal with matters +relating to the healthfulness of the +home, such as contamination of food +and its prevention, sources of impurities +in water and air, personal +hygiene and the preservation of +health. Then follows simple instruction +in the home care of the sick, +how to make a sick bed, to transfer +a patient from bed to chair, the general +care of a patient, including +baths and the use of ordinary sickroom +appliances. For example, the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> +theory of bed-making was being +taught in one of our classes the other +day, and after the instructing nurse +had finished her lecture, every +member of the class had to make the +bed with and without the patient, the +patient in this case being a life-sized +doll covered with oilcloth so that it +could be bathed. Several members +of the class did not make the beds +satisfactorily and were told to practice +at home so that at the next lesson +they could do better. A special +examination also follows this course.</p> + +<p>After those Home Nursing lessons +are over, it is planned to have a +series of lectures on home economics +and dietetics.</p> + +<p>So much for the plans and organization, +now for the actual classes. +The records show that on March 30th +almost six hundred women are taking +this instruction.</p> + +<p>Twenty-four classes in First Aid +and three in Home Nursing have +been formed in different localities. +Both the Young Women’s Christian +Association and the Girls’ Friendly +Society have become interested in +this work.</p> + +<p>In Genesee, New York, the fox-hunting +community has formed a +large class for women to teach them +to cope with the accidents of the +hunting field.</p> + +<p>In Manchester, Connecticut, where +the Cheney Brothers have their big +silk mills, classes in both First Aid +and Home Nursing have been organized +among the employes.</p> + +<p>In Cincinnati a group of society +women are taking the First Aid +course.</p> + +<p>In one of the suburbs of Washington, +a group of young mothers +have formed a class.</p> + +<p>Other classes are active in Lexington, +Ky., Providence, R. I., Detroit, +Mich., North Attleboro, Milton and +Manchester, Mass., Milwaukee, Wis., +York, Pa., Philadelphia, Pa., and +Washington, D. C.</p> + +<p>Two classes have been formed by +the wives of the officers of the Army +and the Navy, and we hope that in +time every Army post and Naval stations +will have its regular classes +in First Aid and Home Nursing, and +that this work will not only be for +the officers’ wives but for the wives +of the enlisted men as well.</p> + +<p>Al the end of each set of classes +there is an examination and those +who successfully pass receive a Red +Cross certificate.</p> + +<p>It is also planned that a field day +will be held in each State that has +enough classes to warrant it and at +this field day First Aid teams of +women will compete for a Bronze +Medal. The rules for such a competition +will be supplied upon request.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="deco3" style="max-width: 15.625em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/deco3.jpg" alt=""> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_Red_Cross_at_the_Inauguration">The Red Cross at the Inauguration</h2> + +</div> + +<p>The Red Cross participated actively +in the care of ill and injured +during the various ceremonies +incident to the inauguration +of President Wilson, March 4, 1913.</p> + +<p>On the morning of Sunday, March +2, a small emergency hospital was +established in a room set aside for +the purpose at the Union Station. +This continued in operation till the +morning of Thursday, March 6, and +was open for patients day and night.</p> + +<p>On the morning of March 3, two +small Red Cross tent hospitals were +opened, one in rear of the Sherman +Statue and the other in Lafayette +Square. These were in operation till +the close of the Suffrage Parade the +same afternoon. In addition five ambulances +were stationed along the +line of march for this parade. Two +of these were near the Peace Monument, +one at Seventh street, one at +Twelfth street, and one at Fifteenth +street. Very few patients sought assistance +or were brought to these +hospitals or ambulances on this afternoon. +All received were promptly +treated and properly disposed of.</p> + +<p>On March 4, the day of the inauguration, +besides the hospital at +Union Station the Red Cross had in +its charge tent hospitals east of the +Capitol, in rear of the Sherman +Statue and in Lafayette Square. The +second was also open during the fireworks +or till about 11 p. m.</p> + +<p>At these stations the number of +patients treated was as follows:</p> + +<table> + <tr> + <td>Union Station</td> + <td class="tdr">64</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>East of the Capitol</td> + <td class="tdr">23</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Rear of Sherman Statue</td> + <td class="tdr">19</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Lafayette Square</td> + <td class="tdr">12</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Ambulances, March 3</td> + <td class="tdr">15</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td class="tdr bt">133</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p>Major Charles Lynch. Medical +Corps, U. S. A., was in charge of the +emergency service. Miss Jane A. +Delano, Chairman of the Nursing +Committee of the American Red +Cross, acted for that committee in the +necessary arrangements so far as it +was concerned. Miss Anna J. Greenlees +served as director of Red Cross +nurses, and Mrs. Theodora North McLaughlin +represented the District +Chapter. The physicians on duty at +the stations were members of the Inaugural +Sub-committee on Ambulances +and Hospitals. The nurses +were Red Cross nurses of the District +of Columbia and the Boy Scouts were +supplied by the local Boy Scout organization.</p> + +<p>It will be noted that no very great +demands were made on the emergency +service of the Red Cross during +the inaugural period. Most of +the patients required rest rather than +medication or hospital treatment. +This they were able to obtain at the +Red Cross Stations. These also sheltered +a few cases of serious illness +and for all everything possible was +done.</p> + +<p>The weather conditions were in +marked contrast with those of four +years ago, which contributed largely +to reducing the number of cases requiring +emergency treatment.</p> + +<p>The thanks of the Red Cross are +due to the following physicians, +nurses and Boy Scouts for services +which, while by no means spectacular, +were thoroughly creditable in +every respect.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Union Station.</span></h3> + +<h4><i>Physicians.</i></h4> + +<p>Dr. J. J. Madigan, Red Cross Director; +Doctors R. E. Ledbetter, Chas. +W. Allen, C. N. Chipman, Wm. J. G. +Thomas, Elmer Sothoron, J. Franklin +Hilton, Philip Newton, H. F. Sawtelle, +T. Victor Hammond, John P. Gunion,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span> +Alfred Richards, R. F. Tobin, W. C. +Gwynn, Jas. G. Townsend, J. A. +O’Donoghue, Joseph C. Leonard, H. C. +Duffey, G. B. Heinecke, J. E. Lind, +and Edgar Snowden.</p> + +<h4><i>Nurses.</i></h4> + +<p>Sallie F. Melhorn, Susie A. Mortimer, +Katherine Von Brodt, Charlotte +H. Barnes, Ethel H. Brown, Winona +R. Taylor.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">East of Capitol.</span></h3> + +<h4><i>Physicians.</i></h4> + +<p>Dr. Alfred Richards, Red Cross Director; +Doctors Carl Haas, Roy Dunmire +and Stuart C. Johnson.</p> + +<h4><i>Nurses.</i></h4> + +<p>Mrs. M. J. Johnson and Mrs. Emil +A. Fenstad.</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Rear of Sherman Statue.</span></h3> + +<h4><i>Physicians.</i></h4> + +<p>Dr. Frank E. Gibson, Red Cross Director; +Doctors J. R. Ramsburgh, +Oscar Wilkinson and O. Cox.</p> + +<h4><i>Nurses.</i></h4> + +<p>Misses Agnes Hayes, Mary Davis, +Kathryne Donnelly, Lena Bauer, A. +L. Goodheart, Pricilla Page, Keiningham, +Sewell, Cora Wynkoop and +Zaidee Kibler.</p> + +<h4><i>Boy Scouts.</i></h4> + +<p>Arnel Carpenter, Clarence Shrout, +Ernest Utz and Waldo Jones.</p> + +<h4><i>Troop 37, Somerset, Maryland.</i></h4> + +<p>Dwight Terry, Raymond Henderson, +Mark Shoemaker, Leslie Stimpson, +Silas Hayes, Talbot Barnard, +Charles Shoemaker and William +Probey.</p> + +<p>It is to be regretted that the names +of all the Boy Scouts, who invariably +did good work, were not recorded.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus24" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus24.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>CROWDS IN FRONT OF THE CAPITOL DURING + THE INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT WILSON.</p> + <p>© Harris-Ewing</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Lafayette Square.</span></h3> + +<h4><i>Physicians.</i></h4> + +<p>Dr. William P. Reeves, Red Cross +Director; Doctors Philip Newton and +Albert G. Wenzell.</p> + +<h4><i>Nurses.</i></h4> + +<p>Mrs. L. A. Weed, Mrs. J. J. Johnson, +Misses J. Allan, Mary W. Cox, +Mary F. Sewall and Bernice Keiningham.</p> + +<p>The Ford Motor Car Company +through its local agent, Miller Brothers, +was also good enough to give an +automobile for inspection purposes +on the day of the Inauguration.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="illus25" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/illus25.jpg" alt=""> + <figcaption class="caption"><p>ILLUMINATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE ON THE + NIGHTS OF THE 4TH AND 5TH OF MARCH</p></figcaption> +</figure> + +<p>The expenses involved were paid +from Inaugural and Red Cross funds. +They were small as all served without +pay except the nurses at the +Union Station on whose time much +greater demands were made than on +other personnel.</p> + +<p>The expenditures in detail were as +follows:</p> + +<table> + <tr> + <th colspan="2"><i>Inaugural Funds.</i></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Nurses at Union Station</td> + <td class="tdr">$56.00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Medical supplies used</td> + <td class="tdr">16.00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">Total</td> + <td class="tdr bt">$62.00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th colspan="2"><i>Red Cross Funds.</i></th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Miscellaneous supplies, lunches, tent floors, etc.</td> + <td class="tdr">$61.40</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">Grand total</td> + <td class="tdr bt">$123.40</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter"> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span></p> + +<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_Endowment_Fund_Committees">The Endowment Fund Committees</h2> + +</div> + +<h3>WORK ACCOMPLISHED</h3> + +<table> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td colspan="2" class="tdc">December 31, 1912.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Amount to be raised</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">$2,000,000.00</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Amount raised and in Red Cross Treasury to date</td> + <td class="tdr">$820,221.67</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Amount in hands of Endowment Fund Committees and not yet transferred (reported)</td> + <td class="tdpg">81,657.98</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td class="tdr bt">901,879.65</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Amount yet to be raised</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr bt">$1,098,120.35</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<table> + <tr> + <th>Committee</th> + <th>Apportionment</th> + <th>Raised</th> + <th>Plus</th> + <th>Minus</th> + <th>Percentage raised</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Akron, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">6,000</td> + <td class="tdr">250.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">5,750.00</td> + <td class="tdr">4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Albany, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">10,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">10,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Amesbury, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">90</td> + <td class="tdr">190.00</td> + <td class="tdr">100.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">211</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Atlanta, Ga.</td> + <td class="tdr">15,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">15,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Baltimore, Md.</td> + <td class="tdr">55,000</td> + <td class="tdr">8,555.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">46,445.00</td> + <td class="tdr">15</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="nw">Berkshire County, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">10,500</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">10,500.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Boston, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">67,000</td> + <td class="tdr">27,633.62</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">39,366.38</td> + <td class="tdr">41</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Buffalo, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">42,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">42,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Burlington, Iowa</td> + <td class="tdr">2,500</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">2,500.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Canal Zone</td> + <td class="tdr">700</td> + <td class="tdr">709.63</td> + <td class="tdr">9.63</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">101</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Canton, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">5,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">5,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Charleston, S. C.</td> + <td class="tdr">5,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">5,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Chattanooga, Tenn.</td> + <td class="tdr">4,000</td> + <td class="tdr">245.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">3,755.00</td> + <td class="tdr">6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Chicago, Ill.</td> + <td class="tdr">218,000</td> + <td class="tdr">78,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">140,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr">35</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Cincinnati, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">36,000</td> + <td class="tdr">18,487.06</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">17,512.94</td> + <td class="tdr">51</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Cleveland, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">56,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">56,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Columbus, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">18,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">18,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Dallas, Texas</td> + <td class="tdr">9,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">9,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Dayton, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">11,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">11,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Denver, Colo.</td> + <td class="tdr">21,000</td> + <td class="tdr">500.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">20,500.00</td> + <td class="tdr">2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Detroit, Mich.</td> + <td class="tdr">46,000</td> + <td class="tdr">10,005.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">35,995.00</td> + <td class="tdr">21</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Duluth, Minn.</td> + <td class="tdr">7,800</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">7,800.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Grand Rapids, Mich.</td> + <td class="tdr">11,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">11,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="nw">Hampden County, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">8,000</td> + <td class="tdr">813.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">7,187.00</td> + <td class="tdr">10</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Harrisburg, Pa.</td> + <td class="tdr">6,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">6,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Hartford, Conn.</td> + <td class="tdr">9,800</td> + <td class="tdr">5,514.60</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">4,285.40</td> + <td class="tdr">56</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Hyde Park, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">600.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Indianapolis, Ind.</td> + <td class="tdr">23,000</td> + <td class="tdr">4,807.68</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">18,192.32</td> + <td class="tdr">20</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Kansas City, Mo.</td> + <td class="tdr">24,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">24,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Los Angeles, Cal.</td> + <td class="tdr">31,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">31,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Louisville, Ky.</td> + <td class="tdr">22,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">22,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Lowell, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">10,000</td> + <td class="tdr">1,871.50</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">8,128.50</td> + <td class="tdr">18</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Magnolia, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">30</td> + <td class="tdr">62.00</td> + <td class="tdr">32.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">206</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Manchester, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">270</td> + <td class="tdr">2,057.11</td> + <td class="tdr">1,787.11</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">761</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Massillon, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">1,300</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">1,300.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Memphis, Tenn.</td> + <td class="tdr">13,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">13,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Nashville, Tenn.</td> + <td class="tdr">11,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">11,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Newark, N. J.</td> + <td class="tdr">34,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">34,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New Haven. Conn.</td> + <td class="tdr">13,000</td> + <td class="tdr">6,840.83</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">6,159.17</td> + <td class="tdr">52</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>New York, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">476,000</td> + <td class="tdr">510,821.00</td> + <td class="tdr">34,821.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">107</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Omaha, Nebr.</td> + <td class="tdr">13,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">13,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Paterson, N. J.</td> + <td class="tdr">12,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">12,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Philadelphia, Pa.</td> + <td class="tdr">154,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">154,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Pittsburgh, Pa.</td> + <td class="tdr">53,000</td> + <td class="tdr">105.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">52,895.00</td> + <td class="tdr">1-5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Portland, Oreg.</td> + <td class="tdr">20,700</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">20,700.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Rhode Island</td> + <td class="tdr">54,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">54,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Richmond, Va.</td> + <td class="tdr">12,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">12,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Rochester, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">21,800</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">21,800.00</td> + <td class="tdr"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>San Antonio, Texas</td> + <td class="tdr">9,000</td> + <td class="tdr">500.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">8,500.00</td> + <td class="tdr">5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>San Francisco, Cal.</td> + <td class="tdr">41,000</td> + <td class="tdr">75,668.34</td> + <td class="tdr">34,668.34</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">184</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Schenectady, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">7,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">7,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Scranton, Pa.</td> + <td class="tdr">12,900</td> + <td class="tdr">8,021.08</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">4,878.92</td> + <td class="tdr">62</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Seattle, Wash.</td> + <td class="tdr">23,700</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">23,700.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>St. Louis, Mo.</td> + <td class="tdr">68,000</td> + <td class="tdr">70,630.84</td> + <td class="tdr">2,630.84</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">103</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>St. Paul, Minn.</td> + <td class="tdr">21,000</td> + <td class="tdr">198.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">20,802.00</td> + <td class="tdr">47-50</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Toledo, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">16,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">16,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Troy, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">7,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">7,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Utica, N. Y.</td> + <td class="tdr">7,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">7,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Washington, D. C.</td> + <td class="tdr">33,000</td> + <td class="tdr">33,890.04</td> + <td class="tdr">890.04</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">102</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Wilkes-Barre, Pa.</td> + <td class="tdr">6,000</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">6,000.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Worcester, Mass.</td> + <td class="tdr">14,000</td> + <td class="tdr">50.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">13,950.00</td> + <td class="tdr">5-14</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Youngstown, Ohio</td> + <td class="tdr">7,000</td> + <td class="tdr">550.00</td> + <td class="tdr"></td> + <td class="tdr">6,450.00</td> + <td class="tdr">7</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p>In the case of Scranton the committee in a short time after its organization +secured $8,000 of its $12,000 apportionment. By reason of a serious mine disaster in +the vicinity of Scranton the members of the committee were compelled to devote their +efforts to the raising of a large relief fund. The Red Cross has therefore accepted the +$8,000 as completing Scranton’s apportionment.</p> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="deco4" style="max-width: 15.625em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/deco4.jpg" alt=""> +</figure> + +<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> + +<div class="chapter" id="ADVERTISEMENTS"> + +<h2 class="nobreak noshow">ADVERTISEMENTS</h2> + +</div> + +<div class="ad"> + +<div class="container"> + +<div class="l"> + +<p class="center">OFFICERS</p> + +<p class="titlepage smaller">PRESIDENT</p> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Charles C. Glover</li> +</ul> + +<p class="titlepage smaller">VICE PRESIDENTS</p> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Milton E. Ailes</li> +<li>William J. Flather</li> +</ul> + +<p class="titlepage smaller">CASHIER</p> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Henry H. Flather</li> +</ul> + +<p class="titlepage smaller">ASS’T CASHIER</p> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Joshua Evans, Jr.</li> +</ul> + +</div> + +<div class="c"> + +<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="riggs" style="max-width: 18.75em;"> + <img class="w100" src="images/riggs.jpg" alt=""> +</figure> + +<table> + <tr> + <td>CAPITAL</td> + <td class="tdr">$1,000,000</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>SURPLUS</td> + <td class="tdr">2,000,000</td> + </tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<div class="r"> + +<p class="center">DIRECTORS</p> + +<ul class="center"> +<li>Charles C. Glover</li> +<li>Thomas Hyde</li> +<li>James M. Johnston</li> +<li>Wm. J. Flather</li> +<li>R. Ross Perry</li> +<li>Henry Hurt</li> +<li>John R. McLean</li> +<li>F. A. Vanderlip</li> +<li>Milton E. Ailes</li> +<li>Henry H. Flather</li> +<li>H. Rozier Dulany</li> +<li>Frederic D. McKenney</li> +<li>Frank C. Henry</li> +<li>Willard H. Brownson</li> +<li>Charles I. Corby</li> +<li>Sylvester W. Labrot</li> +</ul> + +</div> + +<div> +<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-s.jpg" alt=""> +</div> + +<p class="dropcap">Strength and conservatism in a +bank are two of the most important things to be +considered in selecting a depositary for your funds.</p> + +<p>¶ The resources of this time-tested institution, +amounting to over $14,000,000, afford ample +protection to its depositors.</p> + +<p>¶ The conservative policy of its management, backed by years of +experience, assures careful attention to all banking matters entrusted +to its care.</p> + +<p>¶ Dependable connections in all the principal cities of the United +States and abroad enable us to handle with expedition collections +on any point in the world.</p> + +<p>¶ Letters of Credit and Travelers’ Checks issued available the +world over.</p> + +<p>¶ Investments made for customers.</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Correspondence Invited</i></p> + +<p class="center"><span class="larger">Riggs National Bank</span><br> +1501 Pennsylvania Avenue<br> +WASHINGTON, D. C.</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75163 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/75163-h/images/bequest-form.jpg b/75163-h/images/bequest-form.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..970dd3a --- /dev/null +++ b/75163-h/images/bequest-form.jpg diff --git a/75163-h/images/cover.jpg b/75163-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..266f5c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/75163-h/images/cover.jpg diff --git a/75163-h/images/deco-border-ad.jpg b/75163-h/images/deco-border-ad.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..45fe810 --- /dev/null +++ b/75163-h/images/deco-border-ad.jpg diff --git a/75163-h/images/deco-border-contents.jpg b/75163-h/images/deco-border-contents.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..84f5b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/75163-h/images/deco-border-contents.jpg diff --git a/75163-h/images/deco1.jpg b/75163-h/images/deco1.jpg Binary files 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