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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of "The Grand Inquisitor" by Feodor Dostoevsky
+#6 in our series by Feodor Dostoevsky
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+Title: "The Grand Inquisitor" by Feodor Dostoevsky
+
+Author: Feodor Dostoevsky
+
+Release Date: July, 2005 [EBook #8578]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on July 25, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK "THE GRAND INQUISITOR" ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jake Jaqua
+
+
+
+
+THE GRAND INQUISITOR
+
+By Feodor Dostoevsky
+
+(Translation by H.P. Blavatsky)
+
+
+[Dedicated by the Translator to those sceptics who clamour so
+loudly, both in print and private letters--"Show us the wonder-
+working 'Brothers,' let them come out publicly--and we will
+believe in them!"]
+
+
+[The following is an extract from M. Dostoevsky's celebrated
+novel, The Brothers Karamazof, the last publication from the pen
+of the great Russian novelist, who died a few months ago, just as
+the concluding chapters appeared in print. Dostoevsky is
+beginning to be recognized as one of the ablest and profoundest
+among Russian writers. His characters are invariably typical
+portraits drawn from various classes of Russian society,
+strikingly life-like and realistic to the highest degree. The
+following extract is a cutting satire on modern theology
+generally and the Roman Catholic religion in particular. The idea
+is that Christ revisits earth, coming to Spain at the period of
+the Inquisition, and is at once arrested as a heretic by the
+Grand Inquisitor. One of the three brothers of the story, Ivan, a
+rank materialist and an atheist of the new school, is supposed to
+throw this conception into the form of a poem, which he describes
+to Alyosha--the youngest of the brothers, a young Christian
+mystic brought up by a "saint" in a monastery--as follows:
+(--Ed. Theosophist, Nov., 1881)]
+
+
+
+
+
+"Quite impossible, as you see, to start without an introduction,"
+laughed Ivan. "Well, then, I mean to place the event described in
+the poem in the sixteenth century, an age--as you must have been
+told at school--when it was the great fashion among poets to
+make the denizens and powers of higher worlds descend on earth
+and mix freely with mortals... In France all the notaries'
+clerks, and the monks in the cloisters as well, used to give
+grand performances, dramatic plays in which long scenes were
+enacted by the Madonna, the angels, the saints, Christ, and even
+by God Himself. In those days, everything was very artless and
+primitive. An instance of it may be found in Victor Hugo's drama,
+Notre Dame de Paris, where, at the Municipal Hall, a play called
+Le Bon Jugement de la Tres-sainte et Graceuse Vierge Marie, is
+enacted in honour of Louis XI, in which the Virgin appears
+personally to pronounce her 'good judgment.' In Moscow, during
+the prepetrean period, performances of nearly the same character,
+chosen especially from the Old Testament, were also in great
+favour. Apart from such plays, the world was overflooded with
+mystical writings, 'verses'--the heroes of which were always
+selected from the ranks of angels, saints and other heavenly
+citizens answering to the devotional purposes of the age. The
+recluses of our monasteries, like the Roman Catholic monks,
+passed their time in translating, copying, and even producing
+original compositions upon such subjects, and that, remember,
+during the Tarter period!... In this connection, I am reminded of
+a poem compiled in a convent--a translation from the Greek, of
+course--called, 'The Travels of the Mother of God among the
+Damned,' with fitting illustrations and a boldness of conception
+inferior nowise to that of Dante. The 'Mother of God' visits
+hell, in company with the archangel Michael as her cicerone to
+guide her through the legions of the 'damned.' She sees them all,
+and is witness to their multifarious tortures. Among the many
+other exceedingly remarkably varieties of torments--every
+category of sinners having its own--there  is one especially
+worthy of notice, namely a class of the 'damned' sentenced to
+gradually sink in a burning lake of brimstone and fire. Those
+whose sins cause them to sink so low that they no longer can rise
+to the surface are for ever forgotten by God, i.e., they fade out
+from the omniscient memory, says the poem--an expression, by the
+way, of an extraordinary profundity of thought, when closely
+analysed. The Virgin is terribly shocked, and falling down upon
+her knees in tears before the throne of God, begs that all she
+has seen in hell--all, all without exception, should have their
+sentences remitted to them. Her dialogue with God is colossally
+interesting. She supplicates, she will not leave Him. And when
+God, pointing to the pierced hands and feet of her Son, cries,
+'How can I forgive His executioners?' She then commands that all
+the saints, martyrs, angels and archangels, should prostrate
+themselves with her before the Immutable and Changeless One and
+implore Him to change His wrath into mercy and--forgive them
+all. The poem closes upon her obtaining from God a compromise, a
+kind of yearly respite of tortures between Good Friday and
+Trinity, a chorus of the 'damned' singing loud praises to God
+from their 'bottomless pit,' thanking and telling Him:
+
+Thou art right, O Lord, very right,
+Thou hast condemned us justly.
+
+"My poem is of the same character.
+
+"In it, it is Christ who appears on the scene. True, He says
+nothing, but only appears and passes out of sight. Fifteen
+centuries have elapsed since He left the world with the distinct
+promise to return 'with power and great glory'; fifteen long
+centuries since His prophet cried, 'Prepare ye the way of the
+Lord!' since He Himself had foretold, while yet on earth, 'Of
+that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven
+but my Father only.' But Christendom expects Him still. ...
+
+"It waits for Him with the same old faith and the same emotion;
+aye, with a far greater faith, for fifteen centuries have rolled
+away since the last sign from heaven was sent to man,
+
+And blind faith remained alone
+To lull the trusting heart,
+As heav'n would send a sign no more.
+
+"True, again, we have all heard of miracles being wrought ever
+since the 'age of miracles' passed away to return no more. We
+had, and still have, our saints credited with performing the most
+miraculous cures; and, if we can believe their biographers, there
+have been those among them who have been personally visited by
+the Queen of Heaven. But Satan sleepeth not, and the first germs
+of doubt, and ever-increasing unbelief in such wonders, already
+had begun to sprout in Christendom as early as the sixteenth
+century. It was just at that time that a new and terrible heresy
+first made its appearance in the north of Germany.*   [*Luther's
+reform]  A great star 'shining as it were a lamp... fell upon the
+fountains waters'... and 'they were made bitter.' This 'heresy'
+blasphemously denied 'miracles.' But those who had remained
+faithful believed all the more ardently, the tears of mankind
+ascended to Him as heretofore, and the Christian world was
+expecting Him as confidently as ever; they loved Him and hoped in
+Him, thirsted and hungered to suffer and die for Him just as many
+of them had done before.... So many centuries had weak, trusting
+humanity implored Him, crying with ardent faith and fervour: 'How
+long, O Lord, holy and true, dost Thou not come!' So many long
+centuries hath it vainly appealed to Him, that at last, in His
+inexhaustible compassion, He consenteth to answer the prayer....
+He decideth that once more, if it were but for one short hour,
+the people--His long-suffering, tortured, fatally sinful, his
+loving and child-like, trusting people--shall behold Him again.
+The scene of action is placed by me in Spain, at Seville, during
+that terrible period of the Inquisition, when, for the greater
+glory of God, stakes were flaming all over the country.
+
+Burning wicked heretics,
+In grand auto-da-fes.
+
+"This particular visit has, of course, nothing to do with the
+promised Advent, when, according to the programme, 'after the
+tribulation of those days,' He will appear 'coming in the clouds
+of heaven.' For, that 'coming of the Son of Man,' as we are
+informed, will take place as suddenly 'as the lightning cometh
+out of the east and shineth even unto the west.' No; this once,
+He desired to come unknown, and appear among His children, just
+when the bones of the heretics, sentenced to be burnt alive, had
+commenced crackling at the flaming stakes. Owing to His limitless
+mercy, He mixes once more with mortals and in the same form in
+which He was wont to appear fifteen centuries ago. He descends,
+just at the very moment when before king, courtiers, knights,
+cardinals, and the fairest dames of court, before the whole
+population of Seville, upwards of a hundred wicked heretics are
+being roasted, in a magnificent auto-da-fe ad majorem Dei
+gloriam, by the order of the powerful Cardinal Grand Inquisitor.
+
+"He comes silently and unannounced; yet all--how strange--yea,
+all recognize Him, at once! The population rushes towards Him as
+if propelled by some irresistible force; it surrounds, throngs,
+and presses around, it follows Him.... Silently, and with a smile
+of boundless compassion upon His lips, He crosses the dense
+crowd, and moves softly on. The Sun of Love burns in His heart,
+and warm rays of Light, Wisdom and Power beam forth from His
+eyes, and pour down their waves upon the swarming multitudes of
+the rabble assembled around, making their hearts vibrate with
+returning love. He extends His hands over their heads, blesses
+them, and from mere contact with Him, aye, even with His
+garments, a healing power goes forth. An old man, blind from his
+birth, cries, 'Lord, heal me, that I may see Thee!' and the
+scales falling off the closed eyes, the blind man beholds Him...
+The crowd weeps for joy, and kisses the ground upon which He
+treads. Children strew flowers along His path and sing to Him,
+'Hosanna!' It is He, it is Himself, they say to each other, it
+must be He, it can be none other but He! He pauses at the portal
+of the old cathedral, just as a wee white coffin is carried in,
+with tears and great lamentations. The lid is off, and in the
+coffin lies the body of a fair-child, seven years old, the only
+child of an eminent citizen of the city. The little corpse lies
+buried in flowers. 'He will raise the child to life!' confidently
+shouts the crowd to the weeping mother. The officiating priest
+who had come to meet the funeral procession, looks perplexed, and
+frowns. A loud cry is suddenly heard, and the bereaved mother
+prostrates herself at His feet. 'If it be Thou, then bring back
+my child to life!' she cries beseechingly. The procession halts,
+and the little coffin is gently lowered at his feet. Divine
+compassion beams forth from His eyes, and as He looks at the
+child, His lips are heard to whisper once more, 'Talitha Cumi' -
+and 'straightway the damsel arose.' The child rises in her
+coffin. Her little hands still hold the nosegay of white roses
+which after death was placed in them, and, looking round with
+large astonished eyes she smiles sweetly .... The crowd is
+violently excited. A terrible commotion rages among them, the
+populace shouts and loudly weeps, when suddenly, before the
+cathedral door, appears the Cardinal Grand Inquisitor himself....
+He is tall, gaunt-looking old man of nearly four-score years and
+ten, with a stern, withered face, and deeply sunken eyes, from
+the cavity of which glitter two fiery sparks. He has laid aside
+his gorgeous cardinal's robes in which he had appeared before the
+people at the auto da-fe of the enemies of the Romish Church, and
+is now clad in his old, rough, monkish cassock. His sullen
+assistants and slaves of the 'holy guard' are following at a
+distance. He pauses before the crowd and observes. He has seen
+all. He has witnessed the placing of the little coffin at His
+feet, the calling back to life. And now, his dark, grim face has
+grown still darker; his bushy grey eyebrows nearly meet, and his
+sunken eye flashes with sinister light. Slowly raising his
+finger, he commands his minions to arrest Him....
+
+"Such is his power over the well-disciplined, submissive and now
+trembling people, that the thick crowds immediately give way, and
+scattering before the guard, amid dead silence and without one
+breath of protest, allow them to lay their sacrilegious hands
+upon the stranger and lead Him away.... That same populace, like
+one man, now bows its head to the ground before the old
+Inquisitor, who blesses it and slowly moves onward. The guards
+conduct their prisoner to the ancient building of the Holy
+Tribunal; pushing Him into a narrow, gloomy, vaulted prison-cell,
+they lock Him in and retire....
+
+"The day wanes, and night--a dark, hot breathless Spanish night
+--creeps on and settles upon the city of Seville. The air smells
+of laurels and orange blossoms. In the Cimmerian darkness of the
+old Tribunal Hall the iron door of the cell is suddenly thrown
+open, and the Grand Inquisitor, holding a dark lantern, slowly
+stalks into the dungeon. He is alone, and, as the heavy door
+closes behind him, he pauses at the threshold, and, for a minute
+or two, silently and gloomily scrutinizes the Face before him. At
+last approaching with measured steps, he sets his lantern down
+upon the table and addresses Him in these words:
+
+"'It is Thou! ... Thou!' ... Receiving no reply, he rapidly
+continues: 'Nay, answer not; be silent! ... And what couldst Thou
+say? ... I know but too well Thy answer.... Besides, Thou hast no
+right to add one syllable to that which was already uttered by
+Thee before.... Why shouldst Thou now return, to impede us in our
+work? For Thou hast come but for that only, and Thou knowest it
+well. But art Thou as well aware of what awaits Thee in the
+morning? I do not know, nor do I care to know who thou mayest be:
+be it Thou or only thine image, to-morrow I will condemn and burn
+Thee on the stake, as the most wicked of all the heretics; and
+that same people, who to-day were kissing Thy feet, to-morrow at
+one bend of my finger, will rush to add fuel to Thy funeral
+pile... Wert Thou aware of this?' he adds, speaking as if in
+solemn thought, and never for one instant taking his piercing
+glance off the meek Face before him."....
+
+"I can hardly realize the situation described--what is all
+this, Ivan?" suddenly interrupted Alyosha, who had remained
+silently listening to his brother. "Is this an extravagant fancy,
+or some mistake of the old man, an impossible quid pro quo?"
+
+"Let it be the latter, if you like," laughed Ivan, "since modern
+realism has so perverted your taste that you feel unable to
+realize anything from the world of fancy.... Let it be a quid pro
+quo, if you so choose it. Again, the Inquisitor is ninety years
+old, and he might have easily gone mad with his one idee fixe of
+power; or, it might have as well been a delirious vision, called
+forth by dying fancy, overheated by the auto-da-fe of the hundred
+heretics in that forenoon.... But what matters for the poem,
+whether it was a quid pro quo or an uncontrollable fancy? The
+question is, that the old man has to open his heart; that he must
+give out his thought at last; and that the hour has come when he
+does speak it out, and says loudly that which for ninety years he
+has kept secret within his own breast."
+
+"And his prisoner, does He never reply? Does He keep silent,
+looking at him, without saying a word?"
+
+"Of course; and it could not well be otherwise," again retorted
+Ivan. "The Grand Inquisitor begins from his very first words by
+telling Him that He has no right to add one syllable to that which
+He had said before. To make the situation clear at once, the above
+preliminary monologue is intended to convey to the reader the very
+fundamental idea which underlies Roman Catholicism--as well as I
+can convey it, his words mean, in short: 'Everything was given
+over by Thee to the Pope, and everything now rests with him alone;
+Thou hast no business to return and thus hinder us in our work.'
+In this sense the Jesuits not only talk but write likewise.
+
+"'Hast thou the right to divulge to us a single one of the
+mysteries of that world whence Thou comest?' enquires of Him my
+old Inquisitor, and forthwith answers for Him. 'Nay, Thou has no
+such right. For, that would be adding to that which was already
+said by Thee before; hence depriving people of that freedom for
+which Thou hast so stoutly stood up while yet on earth....
+Anything new that Thou would now proclaim would have to be
+regarded as an attempt to interfere with that freedom of choice,
+as it would come as a new and a miraculous revelation superseding
+the old revelation of fifteen hundred years ago, when Thou didst
+so repeatedly tell the people: "The truth shall make you free."
+Behold then, Thy "free" people now!' adds the old man with sombre
+irony. 'Yea!... it has cost us dearly.' he continues, sternly
+looking at his victim. 'But we have at last accomplished our
+task, and--in Thy name.... For fifteen long centuries we had to
+toil and suffer owing to that "freedom": but now we have
+prevailed and our work is done, and well and strongly it is done.
+....Believest not Thou it is so very strong? ... And why should
+Thou look at me so meekly as if I were not worthy even of Thy
+indignation?... Know then, that now, and only now, Thy people
+feel fully sure and satisfied of their freedom; and that only
+since they have themselves and of their own free will delivered
+that freedom unto our hands by placing it submissively at our
+feet. But then, that is what we have done. Is it that which Thou
+has striven for? Is this the kind of "freedom" Thou has promised
+them?'"
+
+"Now again, I do not understand," interrupted Alyosha. "Does the
+old man mock and laugh?"
+
+"Not in the least. He seriously regards it as a great service
+done by himself, his brother monks and Jesuits, to humanity, to
+have conquered and subjected unto their authority that freedom,
+and boasts that it was done but for the good of the world. 'For
+only now,' he says (speaking of the Inquisition) 'has it become
+possible to us, for the first time, to give a serious thought to
+human happiness. Man is born a rebel, and can rebels be ever
+happy?... Thou has been fairly warned of it, but evidently to no
+use, since Thou hast rejected the only means which could make
+mankind happy; fortunately at Thy departure Thou hast delivered
+the task to us.... Thou has promised, ratifying the pledge by Thy
+own words, in words giving us the right to bind and unbind... and
+surely, Thou couldst not think of depriving us of it now!'"
+
+"But what can he mean by the words, 'Thou has been fairly
+warned'?" asked Alexis.
+
+"These words give the key to what the old man has to say for his
+justification... But listen--
+
+"'The terrible and wise spirit, the spirit of self annihilation
+and non-being,' goes on the Inquisitor, 'the great spirit of
+negation conversed with Thee in the wilderness, and we are told
+that he "tempted" Thee... Was it so? And if it were so, then it is
+impossible to utter anything more truthful than what is contained
+in his three offers, which Thou didst reject, and which are
+usually called "temptations." Yea; if ever there was on earth a
+genuine striking wonder produced, it was on that day of Thy three
+temptations, and it is precisely in these three short sentences
+that the marvelous miracle is contained. If it were possible that
+they should vanish and disappear for ever, without leaving any
+trace, from the record and from the memory of man, and that it
+should become necessary again to devise, invent, and make them
+reappear in Thy history once more, thinkest Thou that all the
+world's sages, all the legislators, initiates, philosophers and
+thinkers, if called upon to frame three questions which should,
+like these, besides answering the magnitude of the event, express
+in three short sentences the whole future history of  this our
+world and of mankind--dost Thou believe, I ask Thee, that all
+their combined efforts could ever create anything equal in power
+and depth of thought to the three propositions offered Thee by the
+powerful and all-wise spirit in the wilderness? Judging of them by
+their marvelous aptness alone, one can at once perceive that they
+emanated not from a finite, terrestrial intellect, but indeed,
+from the Eternal and the Absolute. In these three offers we find,
+blended into one and foretold to us, the complete subsequent
+history of man; we are shown three images, so to say, uniting in
+them all the future axiomatic, insoluble problems and
+contradictions of human nature, the world over. In those days, the
+wondrous wisdom contained in them was not made so apparent as it
+is now, for futurity remained still veiled; but now, when fifteen
+centuries have elapsed, we see that everything in these three
+questions is so marvelously foreseen and foretold, that to add to,
+or to take away from, the prophecy one jot, would be absolutely
+impossible!
+
+"'Decide then thyself.' sternly proceeded the Inquisitor, 'which
+of ye twain was right: Thou who didst reject, or he who offered?
+Remember the subtle meaning of question the first, which runs
+thus: Wouldst Thou go into the world empty-handed? Would Thou
+venture thither with Thy vague and undefined promise of freedom,
+which men, dull and unruly as they are by nature, are unable so
+much as to understand, which they avoid and fear?--for never was
+there anything more unbearable to the human race than personal
+freedom! Dost Thou see these stones in the desolate and glaring
+wilderness? Command that these stones be made bread--and mankind
+will run after Thee, obedient and grateful like a herd of cattle.
+But even then it will be ever diffident and trembling, lest Thou
+should take away Thy hand, and they lose thereby their bread!
+Thou didst refuse to accept the offer for fear of depriving men
+of their free choice; for where is there freedom of choice where
+men are bribed with bread? Man shall not live by bread alone--
+was Thine answer. Thou knewest not, it seems, that it was
+precisely in the name of that earthly bread that the terrestrial
+spirit would one day rise against, struggle with, and finally
+conquer Thee, followed by the hungry multitudes shouting: "Who is
+like unto that Beast, who maketh fire come down from heaven upon
+the earth!" Knowest Thou not that, but a few centuries hence, and
+the whole of mankind will have proclaimed in its wisdom and
+through its mouthpiece, Science, that there is no more crime,
+hence no more sin on earth, but only hungry people? "Feed us
+first and then command us to be virtuous!" will be the words
+written upon the banner lifted against Thee--a banner which
+shall destroy Thy Church to its very foundations,  and in the
+place of Thy Temple shall raise once more the terrible Tower of
+Babel; and though its building be left unfinished, as was that of
+the first one, yet the fact will remain recorded that Thou
+couldst, but wouldst not, prevent the attempt to build that new
+tower by accepting the offer, and thus saving mankind a
+millennium of useless suffering on earth. And it is to us that
+the people will return again. They will search for us catacombs,
+as we shall once more be persecuted and martyred--and they will
+begin crying unto us: "Feed us, for they who promised us the fire
+from heaven have deceived us!" It is then that we will finish
+building their tower for them. For they alone who feed them shall
+finish it, and we shall feed them in Thy name, and lying to them
+that it is in that name. Oh, never, never, will they learn to
+feed themselves without our help! No science will ever give them
+bread so long as they remain free, so long as they refuse to lay
+that freedom at our feet, and say: "Enslave, but feed us!" That
+day must come when men will understand that freedom and daily
+bread enough to satisfy all are unthinkable and can never be had
+together, as men will never be able to fairly divide the two
+among themselves. And they will also learn that they can never be
+free, for they are weak, vicious, miserable nonentities born
+wicked and rebellious. Thou has promised to them the bread of
+life, the bread of  heaven; but I ask Thee again, can that bread
+ever equal in the sight of the weak and the vicious, the ever
+ungrateful human race, their daily bread on earth? And even
+supposing that thousands and tens of thousands follow Thee in the
+name of, and for the sake of, Thy heavenly bread, what will
+become of the millions and hundreds of millions of human beings
+to weak to scorn the earthly for the sake of Thy heavenly bread?
+Or is it but those tens of thousands chosen among the great and
+the mighty, that are so dear to Thee, while the remaining
+millions, innumerable as the grains of sand in the seas, the weak
+and the loving, have to be used as material for the former? No,
+no! In our sight and for our purpose the weak and the lowly are
+the more dear to us. True, they are vicious and rebellious, but
+we will force them into obedience, and it is they who will admire
+us the most. They will regard us as gods, and feel grateful to
+those who have consented to lead the masses and bear their burden
+of freedom by ruling over them--so terrible will that freedom at
+last appear to men! Then we will tell them that it is in
+obedience to Thy will and in Thy name that we rule over them. We
+will deceive them once more and lie to them once again--for
+never, never more will we allow Thee to come among us. In this
+deception we will find our suffering, for we must needs lie
+eternally, and never cease to lie!
+
+"Such is the secret meaning of "temptation" the first, and that
+is what Thou didst reject in the wilderness for the sake of that
+freedom which Thou didst prize above all. Meanwhile Thy tempter's
+offer contained another great world-mystery. By accepting the
+"bread," Thou wouldst have satisfied and answered a universal
+craving, a ceaseless longing alive in the heart of every
+individual human being, lurking in the breast of collective
+mankind, that most perplexing problem--"whom or what shall we
+worship?" There exists no greater or more painful anxiety for a
+man who has freed himself from all religious bias, than how he
+shall soonest find a new object or idea to worship. But man seeks
+to bow before that only which is recognized by the greater
+majority, if not by all his fellow-men, as having a right to be
+worshipped; whose rights are so unquestionable that men agree
+unanimously to bow down to it. For the chief concern of these
+miserable creatures is not to find and worship the idol of their
+own choice, but to discover that which all others will believe
+in, and consent to bow down to in a mass. It is that instinctive
+need of having a worship in common that is the chief suffering of
+every man, the chief concern of mankind from the beginning of
+times. It is for that universality of religious worship that
+people destroyed each other by sword. Creating gods unto
+themselves, they forwith began appealing to each other: "Abandon
+your deities, come and bow down to ours, or death to ye and your
+idols!" And so will they do till the end of this world; they will
+do so even then, when all the gods themselves have disappeared,
+for then men will prostrate themselves before and worship some
+idea. Thou didst know, Thou couldst not be ignorant of, that
+mysterious fundamental principle in human nature, and still thou
+hast rejected the only absolute banner offered Thee, to which all
+the nations would remain true, and before which all would have
+bowed--the banner of earthly bread, rejected in the name of
+freedom and of "bread in the kingdom of God"! Behold, then, what
+Thou hast done furthermore for that "freedom's" sake! I repeat to
+Thee, man has no greater anxiety in life than to find some one to
+whom he can make over that gift of freedom with which the
+unfortunate creature is born. But he alone will prove capable of
+silencing and quieting their consciences, that shall succeed in
+possessing himself of the freedom of men. With "daily bread" an
+irresistible power was offered Thee: show a man "bread" and he
+will follow Thee, for what can he resist less than the attraction
+of bread? But if, at the same time, another succeed in possessing
+himself of his conscience--oh! then even Thy bread will be
+forgotten, and man will follow him who seduced his conscience. So
+far Thou wert right. For the mystery of human being does not
+solely rest in the desire to live, but in the problem--for what
+should one live at all? Without a clear perception of his reasons
+for living, man will never consent to live, and will rather
+destroy himself than tarry on earth, though he be surrounded with
+bread. This is the truth. But what has happened? Instead of
+getting hold of man's freedom, Thou has enlarged it still more!
+Hast Thou again forgotten that to man rest and even death are
+preferable to a free choice between the knowledge of Good and
+Evil? Nothing seems more seductive in his eyes than freedom of
+conscience, and nothing proves more painful. And behold! instead
+of laying a firm foundation whereon to rest once for all man's
+conscience, Thou hast chosen to stir up in him all that is
+abnormal, mysterious, and indefinite, all that is beyond human
+strength, and has acted as if Thou never hadst any love for him,
+and yet Thou wert He who came to "lay down His life for His
+friends!" Thou hast burdened man's soul with anxieties hitherto
+unknown to him. Thirsting for human love freely given, seeking to
+enable man, seduced and charmed by Thee, to follow Thy path of
+his own free-will, instead of the old and wise law which held him
+in subjection, Thou hast given him the right henceforth to choose
+and freely decide what is good and bad for him, guided but by
+Thine image in his heart. But hast Thou never dreamt of the
+probability, nay, of the certainty, of that same man one day
+rejected finally, and controverting even Thine image and Thy
+truth, once he would find himself laden with such a terrible
+burden as freedom of choice? That a time would surely come when
+men would exclaim that Truth and Light cannot be in Thee, for no
+one could have left them in a greater perplexity and mental
+suffering than Thou has done, lading them with so many cares and
+insoluble problems. Thus, it is Thyself who hast laid the
+foundation for the destruction of Thine own kingdom and no one
+but Thou is to be blamed for it.
+
+"'Meantime, every chance of success was offered Thee. There are
+three Powers, three unique Forces upon earth, capable of
+conquering for ever by charming the conscience of these weak
+rebels--men--for their own good; and these Forces are: Miracle,
+Mystery and Authority. Thou hast rejected all the three, and thus
+wert the first to set them an example. When the terrible and all-
+wise spirit placed Thee on a pinnacle of the temple and said unto
+Thee, "If Thou be the son of God, cast Thyself down, for it is
+written, He shall give His angels charge concerning Thee: and in
+their hands they shall bear Thee up, lest at any time Thou dash
+Thy foot against a stone!"--for thus Thy faith in Thy father
+should have been made evident, Thou didst refuse to accept his
+suggestion and didst not follow it. Oh, undoubtedly, Thou didst
+act in this with all the magnificent pride of a god, but then men
+--that weak and rebel race--are they also gods, to understand
+Thy refusal? Of course, Thou didst well know that by taking one
+single step forward, by making the slightest motion to throw
+Thyself down, Thou wouldst have tempted "the Lord Thy God," lost
+suddenly all faith in Him, and dashed Thyself to atoms against
+that same earth which Thou camest to save, and thus wouldst have
+allowed the wise spirit which tempted Thee to triumph and
+rejoice. But, then, how many such as Thee are to be found on this
+globe, I ask Thee? Couldst Thou ever for a moment imagine that
+men would have the same strength to resist such a temptation? Is
+human nature calculated to reject miracle, and trust, during the
+most terrible moments in life, when the most momentous, painful
+and perplexing problems struggle within man's soul, to the free
+decisions of his heart for the true solution? Oh, Thou knewest
+well that that action of Thine would remain recorded in books for
+ages to come, reaching to the confines of the globe, and Thy hope
+was, that following Thy example, man would remain true to his
+God, without needing any miracle to keep his faith alive! But
+Thou knewest not, it seems, that no sooner would man reject
+miracle than he would reject God likewise, for he seeketh less
+God than "a sign" from Him. And thus, as it is beyond the power
+of man to remain without miracles, so, rather than live without,
+he will create for himself new wonders of his own making; and he
+will bow to and worship the soothsayer's miracles, the old
+witch's sorcery, were he a rebel, a heretic, and an atheist a
+hundred times over. Thy refusal to come down from the cross when
+people, mocking and wagging their heads were saying to Thee--
+"Save Thyself if Thou be the son of God, and we will believe in
+Thee," was due to the same determination--not to enslave man
+through miracle, but to obtain faith in Thee freely and apart
+from any miraculous influence. Thou thirstest for free and
+uninfluenced love, and refuses the passionate adoration of the
+slave before a Potency which would have subjected his will once
+for ever. Thou judgest of men too highly here, again, for though
+rebels they be, they are born slaves and nothing more. Behold,
+and judge of them once more, now that fifteen centuries have
+elapsed since that moment. Look at them, whom Thou didst try to
+elevate unto Thee! I swear man is weaker and lower than Thou hast
+ever imagined him to be! Can he ever do that which Thou art said
+to have accomplished? By valuing him so highly Thou hast acted as
+if there were no love for him in Thine heart, for Thou hast
+demanded of him more than he could ever give--Thou, who lovest
+him more than Thyself! Hadst Thou esteemed him less, less wouldst
+Thou have demanded of him, and that would have been more like
+love, for his burden would have been made thereby lighter. Man is
+weak and cowardly. What matters it, if he now riots and rebels
+throughout the world against our will and power, and prides
+himself upon that rebellion? It is but the petty pride and vanity
+of a school-boy. It is the rioting of little children, getting up
+a mutiny in the class-room and driving their schoolmaster out of
+it. But it will not last long, and when the day of their triumph
+is over, they will have to pay dearly for it. They will destroy
+the temples and raze them to the ground, flooding the earth with
+blood. But the foolish children will have to learn some day that,
+rebels though they be and riotous from nature, they are too weak
+to maintain the spirit of mutiny for any length of time. Suffused
+with idiotic tears, they will confess that He who created them
+rebellious undoubtedly did so but to mock them. They will
+pronounce these words in despair, and such blasphemous utterances
+will but add to their misery--for human nature cannot endure
+blasphemy, and takes her own revenge in the end.
+
+"'And thus, after all Thou has suffered for mankind and its
+freedom, the present fate of men may be summed up in three words:
+Unrest, Confusion, Misery! Thy great prophet John records in his
+vision, that he saw, during the first resurrection of the chosen
+servants of God--"the number of them which were sealed" in their
+foreheads, "twelve thousand" of every tribe. But were they,
+indeed, as many? Then they must have been gods, not men. They had
+shared Thy Cross for long years, suffered scores of years' hunger
+and thirst in dreary wildernesses and deserts, feeding upon
+locusts and roots--and of these children of free love for Thee,
+and self-sacrifice in Thy name, Thou mayest well feel proud. But
+remember that these are but a few thousands--of gods, not men;
+and how about all others? And why should the weakest be held
+guilty for not being able to endure what the strongest have
+endured? Why should a soul incapable of containing such terrible
+gifts be punished for its weakness? Didst Thou really come to,
+and for, the "elect" alone? If so, then the mystery will remain
+for ever mysterious to our finite minds. And if a mystery, then
+were we right to proclaim it as one, and preach it, teaching them
+that neither their freely given love to Thee nor freedom of
+conscience were essential, but only that incomprehensible mystery
+which they must blindly obey even against the dictates of their
+conscience. Thus did we. We corrected and improved Thy teaching
+and based it upon "Miracle, Mystery, and Authority." And men
+rejoiced at finding themselves led once more like a herd of
+cattle, and at  finding their hearts  at last delivered of the
+terrible burden laid upon them by Thee, which caused them so much
+suffering. Tell me, were we right in doing as we did. Did not we
+show our great love for humanity, by realizing in such a humble
+spirit its helplessness, by so mercifully lightening its great
+burden, and by permitting and remitting for its weak nature every
+sin, provided it be committed with our authorization? For what,
+then, hast Thou come again to trouble us in our work? And why
+lookest Thou at me so penetratingly with Thy meek eyes, and in
+such a silence? Rather shouldst Thou feel wroth, for I need not
+Thy love, I reject it, and love Thee not, myself. Why should I
+conceal the truth from Thee? I know but too well with whom I am
+now talking! What I had to say was known to Thee before, I read
+it in Thine eye. How should I conceal from Thee our secret? If
+perchance Thou wouldst hear it from my own lips, then listen: We
+are not with Thee, but with him, and that is our secret! For
+centuries have we abandoned Thee to follow him, yes--eight
+centuries. Eight hundred years now since we accepted from him the
+gift rejected by Thee with indignation; that last gift which he
+offered Thee from the high mountain when, showing all the
+kingdoms of the world and the glory of them, he saith unto Thee:
+"All these things will I give Thee, if Thou will fall down and
+worship me!" We took Rome from him and the glaive of Caesar, and
+declared ourselves alone the kings of this earth, its sole kings,
+though our work is not yet fully accomplished. But who is to
+blame for it? Our work is but in its incipient stage, but it is
+nevertheless started. We may have long to wait until its
+culmination, and mankind have to suffer much, but we shall reach
+the goal some day, and become sole Caesars, and then will be the
+time to think of universal happiness for men.
+
+"'Thou couldst accept the glaive of Caesar Thyself; why didst
+Thou reject the offer? By accepting from the powerful spirit his
+third offer Thou would have realized every aspiration man seeketh
+for himself on earth; man would have found a constant object for
+worship; one to deliver his conscience up to, and one that should
+unite all together into one common and harmonious ant-hill; for
+an innate necessity for universal union constitutes the third and
+final affliction of mankind. Humanity as a whole has ever aspired
+to unite itself universally. Many were, the great nations with
+great histories, but the greater they were, the more unhappy they
+felt, as they felt the stronger necessity of a universal union
+among men. Great conquerors, like Timoor and Tchengis-Khan,
+passed like a cyclone upon the face of the earth in their efforts
+to conquer the universe, but even they, albeit unconsciously,
+expressed the same aspiration towards universal and common union.
+In accepting the kingdom of the world and Caesar's purple, one
+would found a universal kingdom and secure to mankind eternal
+peace. And who can rule mankind better than those who have
+possessed themselves of man's conscience, and hold in their hand
+man's daily bread? Having accepted Caesar's glaive and purple, we
+had, of course, but to deny Thee, to henceforth follow him alone.
+Oh, centuries of intellectual riot and rebellious free thought
+are yet before us, and their science will end by anthropophagy,
+for having begun to build their Babylonian tower without our help
+they will have to end by anthropophagy. But it is precisely at
+that time that the Beast will crawl up to us in full submission,
+and lick the soles of our feet, and sprinkle them with tears of
+blood and we shall sit upon the scarlet-colored Beast, and
+lifting up high the golden cup "full of abomination and
+filthiness," shall show written upon it the word "Mystery"! But
+it is only then that men will see the beginning of a kingdom of
+peace and happiness. Thou art proud of Thine own elect, but Thou
+has none other but these elect, and we--we will give rest to
+all. But that is not the end. Many are those among thine elect
+and the laborers of Thy vineyard, who, tired of waiting for Thy
+coming, already have carried and will yet carry, the great fervor
+of their hearts and their spiritual strength into another field,
+and will end by lifting up against Thee Thine own banner of
+freedom. But it is Thyself Thou hast to thank. Under our rule and
+sway all will be happy, and will neither rebel nor destroy each
+other as they did while under Thy free banner. Oh, we will take
+good care to prove to them that they will become absolutely free
+only when they have abjured their freedom in our favor and submit
+to us absolutely. Thinkest Thou we shall be right or still lying?
+They will convince themselves of our rightness, for they will see
+what a depth of degrading slavery and strife that liberty of
+Thine has led them into. Liberty, Freedom of Thought and
+Conscience, and Science will lead them into such impassable
+chasms, place them face to face before such wonders and insoluble
+mysteries, that some of them--more rebellious and ferocious than
+the rest--will destroy themselves; others--rebellious but weak
+--will destroy each other; while the remainder, weak, helpless
+and miserable, will crawl back to our feet and cry: "'Yes; right
+were ye, oh Fathers of Jesus; ye alone are in possession of His
+mystery, and we return to you, praying that ye save us from
+ourselves!" Receiving their bread from us, they will clearly see
+that we take the bread from them, the bread made by their own
+hands, but to give it back to them in equal shares and that
+without any miracle; and having ascertained that, though we have
+not changed stones  into bread, yet bread they have, while every
+other bread turned verily in their own hands into stones, they
+will be only to glad to have it so. Until that day, they will
+never be happy. And who is it that helped the most to blind them,
+tell me? Who separated the flock and scattered it over ways
+unknown if it be not Thee? But we will gather the sheep once more
+and subject them to our will for ever. We will prove to them
+their own weakness and make them humble again, whilst with Thee
+they have learnt but pride, for Thou hast made more of them than
+they ever were worth. We will give them that quiet, humble
+happiness, which alone benefits such weak, foolish creatures as
+they are, and having once had proved to them their weakness, they
+will become timid and obedient, and gather around us as chickens
+around their hen. They will wonder at and feel a superstitious
+admiration for us, and feel proud to be led by men so powerful
+and wise that a handful of them can subject a flock a thousand
+millions strong. Gradually men will begin to fear us. They will
+nervously dread our slightest anger, their intellects will
+weaken, their eyes become as easily accessible to tears as those
+of children and women; but we will teach them an easy transition
+from grief and tears to laughter, childish joy and mirthful song.
+Yes; we will make them work like slaves, but during their
+recreation hours they shall have an innocent child-like life,
+full of play and merry laughter. We will even permit them sin,
+for, weak and helpless, they will feel the more love for us for
+permitting them to indulge in it. We will tell them that every
+kind of sin will be remitted to them, so long as it is done with
+our permission; that we take all these sins upon ourselves, for
+we so love the world, that we are even willing to sacrifice our
+souls for its satisfaction. And, appearing before them in the
+light of their scapegoats and redeemers, we shall be adored the
+more for it. They will have no secrets from us. It will rest with
+us to permit them to live with their wives and concubines, or to
+forbid them, to have children or remain childless, either way
+depending on the degree of their obedience to us; and they will
+submit most joyfully to us the most agonizing secrets of their
+souls--all, all will they lay down at our feet, and we will
+authorize and remit them all in Thy name, and they will believe
+us and accept our mediation with rapture, as it will deliver them
+from their greatest anxiety and torture--that of having to
+decide freely for themselves. And all will be happy, all except
+the one or two hundred thousands of their rulers. For it is but
+we, we the keepers of the great Mystery who will be miserable.
+There will be thousands of millions of happy infants, and one
+hundred thousand martyrs who have taken upon themselves the curse
+of knowledge of good and evil. Peaceable will be their end, and
+peacefully will they die, in Thy name, to find behind the portals
+of the grave--but death. But we will keep the secret inviolate,
+and deceive them for their own good with the mirage of life
+eternal in Thy kingdom. For, were there really anything like life
+beyond the grave, surely it would never fall to the lot of such
+as they! People tell us and prophesy of Thy coming and triumphing
+once more on earth; of Thy appearing with the army of Thy elect,
+with Thy proud and mighty ones; but we will answer Thee that they
+have saved but themselves while we have saved all. We are also
+threatened with the great disgrace which awaits the whore,
+"Babylon the great, the mother of harlots"--who sits upon the
+Beast, holding in her hands the Mystery, the word written upon
+her forehead; and we are told that the weak ones, the lambs shall
+rebel against her and shall make her desolate and naked. But then
+will I arise, and point out to Thee the thousands of millions of
+happy infants free from any sin. And we who have taken their sins
+upon us, for their own good, shall stand before Thee and say:
+"Judge us if Thou canst and darest!" Know then that I fear Thee
+not. Know that I too have lived in the dreary wilderness, where I
+fed upon locusts and roots, that I too have blessed freedom with
+which thou hast blessed men, and that I too have once prepared to
+join the ranks of Thy elect, the proud and the mighty. But I
+awoke from my delusion and refused since then to serve insanity.
+I returned to join the legion of those who corrected Thy
+mistakes. I left the proud and returned to the really humble, and
+for their own happiness. What I now tell thee will come to pass,
+and our kingdom shall be built, I tell Thee not later than
+to-morrow Thou shalt see that obedient flock which at one simple
+motion of my hand will rush to add burning coals to Thy stake, on
+which I will burn Thee for having dared to come and trouble us in
+our work. For, if there ever was one who deserved more than any
+of the others our inquisitorial fires--it is Thee! To-morrow I
+will burn Thee. Dixi'."
+
+Ivan paused. He had entered into the situation and had spoken
+with great animation, but now he suddenly burst out laughing.
+
+"But all that is absurd!" suddenly exclaimed Alyosha, who had
+hitherto listened perplexed and agitated but in profound silence.
+"Your poem is a glorification of Christ, not an accusation, as
+you, perhaps, meant to be. And who will believe you when you
+speak of 'freedom'? Is it thus that we Christians must understand
+it? It is Rome (not all Rome, for that would be unjust), but the
+worst of the Roman Catholics, the Inquisitors and Jesuits, that
+you have been exposing! Your Inquisitor is an impossible
+character. What are these sins they are taking upon themselves?
+Who are those keepers of mystery who took upon themselves a curse
+for the good of mankind? Who ever met them? We all know the
+Jesuits, and no one has a good word to say in their favor; but
+when were they as you depict them? Never, never! The Jesuits are
+merely a Romish army making ready for their future temporal
+kingdom, with a mitred emperor--a Roman high priest at their
+head. That is their ideal and object, without any mystery or
+elevated suffering. The most prosaic thirsting for power, for the
+sake of the mean and earthly pleasures of life, a desire to
+enslave their fellow-men, something like our late system of
+serfs, with themselves at the head as landed proprietors--that
+is all that they can be accused of. They may not believe in God,
+that is also possible, but your suffering Inquisitor is simply--
+a fancy!"
+
+"Hold, hold!" interrupted Ivan, smiling. "Do not be so excited. A
+fancy, you say; be it so! Of course, it is a fancy. But stop. Do
+you really imagine that all this Catholic movement during the
+last centuries is naught but a desire for power for the mere
+purpose of 'mean pleasures'? Is this what your Father Paissiy
+taught you?"
+
+"No, no, quite the reverse, for Father Paissiy once told me
+something very similar to what you yourself  say, though, of
+course, not that--something quite different," suddenly added
+Alexis, blushing.
+
+"A precious piece of information, notwithstanding your 'not
+that.' I ask you, why should the Inquisitors and the Jesuits of
+your imagination live but for the attainment of 'mean material
+pleasures?' Why should there not be found among them one single
+genuine martyr suffering under a great and holy idea and loving
+humanity with all his heart? Now let us suppose that among all
+these Jesuits thirsting and hungering but after 'mean material
+pleasures' there may be one, just one like my old Inquisitor, who
+had himself fed upon roots in the wilderness, suffered the
+tortures of damnation while trying to conquer flesh, in order to
+become free and perfect, but who had never ceased to love
+humanity, and who one day prophetically beheld the truth; who saw
+as plain as he could see that the bulk of humanity could never be
+happy under the old system, that it was not for them that the
+great Idealist had come and died and dreamt of His Universal
+Harmony. Having realized that truth, he returned into the world
+and joined--intelligent and practical people. Is this so
+impossible?"
+
+"Joined whom? What intelligent and practical people?" exclaimed
+Alyosha quite excited. "Why should they be more intelligent than
+other men, and what secrets and mysteries can they have? They
+have neither. Atheism and infidelity is all the secret they have.
+Your Inquisitor does not believe in God, and that is all the
+Mystery there is in it!"
+
+"It may be so. You have guessed rightly there. And it is so, and
+that is his whole secret; but is this not the acutest sufferings
+for such a man as he, who killed all his young life in asceticism
+in the desert, and yet could not cure himself of his love towards
+his fellowmen? Toward the end of his life he becomes convinced
+that it is only by following the advice of the great and terrible
+spirit that the fate of these millions of weak rebels, these
+'half-finished samples of humanity created in mockery' can be
+made tolerable.  And once convinced of it, he sees as clearly
+that to achieve that object, one must follow blindly the guidance
+of the wise spirit, the fearful spirit of death and destruction,
+hence accept a system of lies and deception and lead humanity
+consciously this time toward death and destruction, and moreover,
+be deceiving them all the while in order to prevent them from
+realizing where they are being led, and so force the miserable
+blind men to feel happy, at least while here on earth. And note
+this: a wholesale deception in the name of Him, in whose ideal
+the old man had so passionately, so fervently, believed during
+nearly his whole life! Is this no suffering? And were such a
+solitary exception found amidst, and at the head of, that army
+'that thirsts for power but for the sake of the mean pleasures of
+life,' think you one such man would not suffice to bring on a
+tragedy? Moreover, one single man like my Inquisitor as a
+principal leader, would prove sufficient to discover the real
+guiding idea of the Romish system with all its armies of Jesuits,
+the greatest and chiefest conviction that the solitary type
+described in my poem has at no time ever disappeared from among
+the chief leaders of that movement. Who knows but that terrible
+old man, loving humanity so stubbornly and in such an original
+way, exists even in our days in the shape of a whole host of such
+solitary exceptions, whose existence is not due to mere chance,
+but to a well-defined association born of mutual consent, to a
+secret league, organized several centuries back, in order to
+guard the Mystery from the indiscreet eyes of the miserable and
+weak people, and only in view of their own happiness? And so it
+is; it cannot be otherwise. I suspect that even Masons have some
+such Mystery underlying the basis of their organization, and that
+it is just the reason why the Roman Catholic clergy hate them so,
+dreading to find in them rivals, competition, the dismemberment
+of the unity of the idea, for the realization of which one flock
+and one Shepherd are needed. However, in defending my idea, I
+look like an author whose production is unable to stand
+criticism. Enough of this."
+
+"You are, perhaps, a Mason yourself!" exclaimed Alyosha. "You do
+not believe in God," he added, with a note of profound sadness in
+his voice. But suddenly remarking that his brother was looking at
+him with mockery, "How do you mean then to bring your poem to a
+close?" he unexpectedly enquired, casting his eyes downward, "or
+does it break off here?"
+
+"My intention is to end it with the following scene: Having
+disburdened his heart, the Inquisitor waits for some time to hear
+his prisoner speak in His turn. His silence weighs upon him. He
+has seen that his captive has been attentively listening to him
+all the time, with His eyes fixed penetratingly and softly on the
+face of his jailer, and evidently bent upon not replying to him.
+The old man longs to hear His voice, to hear Him reply; better
+words of bitterness and scorn than His silence. Suddenly He
+rises; slowly and silently approaching the Inquisitor, He bends
+towards him and softly kisses the bloodless, four-score and-ten-
+year-old lips. That is all the answer. The Grand Inquisitor
+shudders. There is a convulsive twitch at the corner of his
+mouth. He goes to the door, opens it, and addressing Him, 'Go,'
+he says, 'go, and return no more... do not come again... never,
+never!' and--lets Him out into the dark night. The prisoner
+vanishes."
+
+"And the old man?"
+
+"The kiss burns his heart, but the old man remains firm in his
+own ideas and unbelief."
+
+"And you, together with him? You too!" despairingly exclaimed
+Alyosha, while Ivan burst into a still louder fit of laughter.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of "The Grand Inquisitor" by Feodor
+Dostoevsky, by Feodor Dostoevsky
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK "THE GRAND INQUISITOR" ***
+
+This file should be named inqus10.txt or inqus10.zip
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