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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Call of the Twentieth Century
+by David Starr Jordan
+
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+Title: The Call of the Twentieth Century
+
+Author: David Starr Jordan
+
+Release Date: December, 2005  [EBook #9469]
+[This file was first posted on October 3, 2003]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, THE CALL OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ***
+
+
+
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+E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Marvin A. Hodges, and Project
+Gutenbert Distributed Proofreaders
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+
+THE CALL OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
+
+An Address to Young Men
+
+By DAVID STARR JORDAN
+
+Chancellor of Leland Stanford Junior University
+
+1903
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+To Vernon Lyman Kellogg
+
+
+
+
+                                 _So
+                                live that
+                              your afterself--
+                            the  man  you  ought
+                          to be--may in his time
+                        be possible and actual. Far
+                      away in the twenties, the thirties
+                    of the Twentieth Century, he is awaiting
+                  his turn. His body, his brain, his soul are in
+                your boyish hands. He cannot help himself. What will
+              you leave for him? Will it be a brain unspoiled by lust or
+            dissipation, a mind trained to think and act, a nervous system
+          true as a dial in its response to the truth about you? Will you,
+            boy of the Twentieth Century, let him come as a man among men
+              in his time, or will you throw away his inheritance before
+                he has had the chance to touch it? Will you let him come,
+                  taking your place, gaining through your experiences,
+                    hallowed through your joys, building on them his
+                      own, or  will  you  fling  his  hope  away,
+                        decreeing, wanton-like, that the man
+                          you might have been shall never
+                                   be?_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+The new century has come upon us with a rush of energy that no century has
+shown before. Let us stand aside for a moment that we may see what kind of
+a century it is to be, what is the work it has to do, and what manner of
+men it will demand to do it.
+
+In most regards one century is like another. Just as men are men, so times
+are times. In the Twentieth Century there will be the same joys, the same
+sorrows, the same marrying and giving in marriage, the same round of work
+and play, of wisdom and duty, of folly and distress which other centuries
+have seen. Just as each individual man has the same organs, the same
+passions, the same functions as all others, so it is with all the
+centuries. But we know men not by their likenesses, which are many, but by
+differences in emphasis, by individual traits which are slight and subtle,
+but all-important in determining our likes and dislikes, our friendships,
+loves, and hates. So with the centuries; we remember those which are past
+not by the mass of common traits in history and development, but by the few
+events or thoughts unnoticed at the time, but which stand out like mountain
+peaks raised "above oblivion's sea," when the times are all gathered in and
+the century begins to blend with the "infinite azure of the past." Not wars
+and conquests mark a century. The hosts grow small in the vanishing
+perspective, "the captains and the kings depart," but the thoughts of men,
+their attitude toward their environment, their struggles toward
+duty,--these are the things which endure.
+
+Compared with the centuries that are past, the Twentieth Century in its
+broad outlines will be like the rest. It will be selfish, generous,
+careless, devoted, fatuous, efficient. But three of its traits must stand
+out above all others, each raised to a higher degree than any other century
+has known. The Twentieth Century above all others will be _strenuous,
+complex_, and _democratic_. Strenuous the century must be, of
+course. This we can all see, and we have to thank the young man of the
+Twentieth Century who gave us the watchword of "the strenuous life," and
+who has raised the apt phrase to the dignity of a national purpose. Our
+century has a host of things to do, bold things, noble things, tedious
+things, difficult things, enduring things. It has only a hundred years to
+do them in, and two of these years are gone already. We must be up and
+bestir ourselves. If we are called to help in this work, there is no time
+for an idle minute. Idle men and idle women no doubt will cumber our way,
+for there are many who have never heard of the work to do, many who will
+never know that there has been a new century. These the century will pass
+by with the gentle tolerance she shows to clams and squirrels, but on those
+of us she calls to her service she will lay heavy burdens of duty. "The
+color of life is red." Already the fad of the drooping spirit, the
+end-of-the-century pose, has given way to the rush of the strenuous life,
+to the feeling that struggle brings its own reward. The men who are doing
+ask no favor at the end. Life is repaid by the joy of living it.
+
+As the century is strenuous so will it be complex. The applications of
+science have made the great world small, while every part of it has grown
+insistent. As the earth has shrunk to come within our grasp, so has our own
+world expanded to receive it. "My mind to me a kingdom is," and to this
+kingdom all the other kingdoms of the earth now send their embassadors. The
+complexity of life is shown by the extension of the necessity of choice.
+Each of us has to render a decision, to say yes or no a hundred times when
+our grandfathers were called upon a single time. We must say yes or no to
+our neighbors' theories or plans or desires, and whoever has lived or lives
+or may yet live in any land or on any island of the sea has become our
+neighbor. Through modern civilization we are coming into our inheritance,
+and this heirloom includes the best that any man has done or thought since
+history and literature and art began. It includes, too, all the arts and
+inventions by which any men of any time have separated truth from error. Of
+one blood are all the people of the earth, and whatsoever is done to the
+least of these little ones in some degree comes to me. We suffer from the
+miasma of the Indian jungles; we starve with the savages of the harvestless
+islands; we grow weak with the abused peasants of the Russian steppes, who
+leave us the legacy of their grippe. The great volcano which buries far off
+cities at its foot casts its pitying dust over us. It is said that through
+the bonds of commerce, common trade, and common need, there is growing up
+the fund of a great "bank of human kindness," no genuine draft on which is
+ever left dishonored. Whoever is in need of help the world over, by that
+token has a claim on us.
+
+In our material life we draw our resources from every land. Clothing,
+spices, fruits, toys, household furniture,--we lay contributions on the
+whole world for the most frugal meal, for the humblest dwelling. We need
+the best work of every nation and every nation asks our best of us. The day
+of home-brewed ale, of home-made bread, and home-spun clothing is already
+past with us. Better than we can do, our neighbors send us, and we must
+send our own best in return. With home-made garments also pass away
+inherited politics and hereditary religion, with all the support of caste
+and with all its barriers. We must work all this out for ourselves; we must
+make our own place in society; we must frame our own creeds; we must live
+our own religion; for no longer can one man's religion be taken
+unquestionably by any other. As the world has been unified, so is the
+individual unit exalted. With all this, the simplicity of life is passing
+away. Our front doors are wide open as the trains go by. The caravan
+traverses our front yard. We speak to millions, millions speak to us; and
+we must cultivate the social tact, the gentleness, the adroitness, the
+firmness necessary to carry out our own designs without thwarting those of
+others. Time no longer flows on evenly. We must count our moments, so much
+for ourselves, so much for the world we serve and which serves us in
+return. We must be swift and accurate in the part we play in a drama so
+mighty, so strenuous, and so complex.
+
+More than any of the others, the Twentieth Century will be democratic. The
+greatest discovery of the Nineteenth Century was that of the reality of
+external things. That of the Twentieth Century will be this axiom in social
+geometry: "A straight line is the shortest distance between two points." If
+something needs doing, do it; the more plainly, directly, honestly, the
+better.
+
+The earlier centuries cared little for the life of a man. Hence they failed
+to discriminate. In masses and mobs they needed kings and rulers but could
+not choose them. Hence the device of selecting as ruler the elder son of
+the last ruler, whatever his nature might be. A child, a lunatic, a
+monster, a sage,--it was all the same to these unheeding centuries. The
+people could not follow those they understood or who understood them. They
+must trust all to the blind chance of heredity. Tyrant or figurehead, the
+mob, which from its own indifference creates the pomp of royalty, threw up
+its caps for the king, and blindly died for him in his courage or in his
+folly with the same unquestioning loyalty. In like manner did the mob
+fashion lords and princes, each in its own image. Not the man who would do
+or think or help, but the eldest son of a former lord was chosen for its
+homage. The result of it all was that no use was made of the forces of
+nature, for those who might have learned to control them were hunted to
+their death. The men who could think and act for themselves were in no
+position to give their actions leverage.
+
+When a people really means to do something, it must resort to democracy. It
+must value men as men, not as functions of a chain of conventionalities.
+"America," says Emerson, "means opportunity;" opportunity for work,
+opportunity for training, opportunity for influence. Democracy exalts the
+individual. It realizes that of all the treasures of the nation, the talent
+of its individual men is the most important. It realizes that its first
+duty is to waste none of this. It cannot afford to leave its Miltons mute
+and inglorious nor to let its village Hampdens waste their strength on
+petty obstacles while it has great tasks for them to accomplish. In a
+democracy, when work is to be done men rise to do it. No matter what the
+origin of our Washingtons and Lincolns, our Grants and our Shermans, our
+Clevelands or our Roosevelts, our Eliots, our Hadleys, or our Remsens, we
+know that they are being made ready for every crisis which may need their
+hand, for every work we would have them carry through. To give each man the
+training he deserves is to bring the right man face to face with his own
+opportunity. The straight line is the shortest distance between two points
+in life as in geometry. For the work of a nation we may not call on Lord
+This or Earl That, whose ancestors have lain on velvet for a thousand
+years; we want the man who can do the work, who can face the dragon, or
+carry the message to Garcia. A man whose nerves are not relaxed by
+centuries of luxury will serve us best. Give him a fair chance to try; give
+us a fair chance to try him. This is the meaning of democracy; not fuss and
+feathers, pomp and gold lace, but accomplishment.
+
+Democracy does not mean equality--just the reverse of this, it means
+individual responsibility, equality before the law, of course--equality of
+opportunity, but no other equality save that won by faithful service. That
+social system which bids men rise must also let them fall if they cannot
+maintain themselves. To choose the right man means the dismissal of the
+wrong. The weak, the incompetent, the untrained, the dissipated find no
+growing welcome in the century which is coming. It will have no place for
+unskilled laborers. A bucket of water and a basket of coal will do all that
+the unskilled laborer can do if we have skilled men to direct them. The
+unskilled laborer is no product of democracy. He exists in spite of
+democracy. The children of the republic are entitled to something better. A
+generous education, a well-directed education, should be the birthright of
+each one of them. Democracy may even intensify natural inequalities. The
+man who cannot say no to cheap and vulgar temptations falls all the lower
+in the degree to which he is a free agent. In competition with men alert,
+loyal, trained and creative, the dullard is condemned to a lifetime of hard
+labor, through no direct fault of his own. Keep the capable man down and
+you may level the incapable one up. But this the Twentieth Century will not
+do. This democracy will not do; this it is not now doing, and this it never
+will attempt. The social condition which would give all men equal reward,
+equal enjoyment, equal responsibility, may be a condition to dream of. It
+may be Utopia; it is not democracy. Sir Henry Maine describes the process
+of civilization as the "movement from status to contract." This is the
+movement from mass to man, from subservience to individualism, from
+tradition to democracy, from pomp and circumstance of non-essentials to the
+method of achievement.
+
+Owen Wister in "The Virginian" says: "All America is divided into two
+classes,--the quality and the equality. The latter will always recognize
+the former when mistaken for it. Both will be with us until our women bear
+nothing but kings. It was through the Declaration of Independence that we
+Americans acknowledged the _eternal inequality_ of man. For by it we
+abolished a cut-and-dried aristocracy. We had seen little men artificially
+held up in high places, and great men artificially held down in low places,
+and our own justice-loving hearts abhorred this violence to human nature.
+Therefore we decreed that every man should, thenceforth have equal liberty
+to find his own level. By this very decree we acknowledged and gave freedom
+to true aristocracy, saying, 'Let the best man win, whoever he is.' Let the
+best man win! That is America's word. That is true democracy. And true
+democracy and true aristocracy are one and the same thing. If anybody
+cannot see this, so much the worse for his eyesight."
+
+_Paucis vivat humanum genus_: "for the few the race should live,"--this
+is the discarded motto of another age. The few live for the many.
+The clean and strong enrich the life of all with their wisdom, with their
+conquests. It is to bring about the larger equalities of opportunity, or
+purpose, that we exalt the talents of the few.
+
+This has not always been clear, even the history of the Republic. My own
+great grandfather, John Elderkin Waldo, said at Tolland, Connecticut, more
+than a century ago: "Times are hard with us in New England. They will never
+be any better until each farm laborer in Connecticut is willing to work all
+day for a sheep's head and pluck," just as they used to do before the red
+schoolhouses on the hills began to preach their doctrines of sedition and
+equality. There could never be good times again, so he thought, till the
+many again lived for the few.
+
+It is in the saving of the few who serve the many that the progress of
+civilization lies. In the march of the common man, and in the influence of
+the man uncommon who rises freely from the ranks, we have all of history
+that counts.
+
+In a picture gallery at Brussels there is a painting by Wiertz, most
+cynical of artists, representing the man of the Future and the things of
+the Past. A naturalist holds in his right hand a magnifying glass, and in
+the other a handful of Napoleon and his marshals, guns, and
+battle-flags,--tiny objects swelling with meaningless glory. He examines
+these intensely, while a child at his side looks on in open-eyed wonder.
+She cannot understand what a grown man can find in these curious trifles
+that he should take the trouble to study them.
+
+This painting is a parable designed to show Napoleon's real place in
+history. It was painted within a dozen miles of the field of Waterloo, and
+not many years after the noise of its cannon had died away. It shows the
+point of view of the man of the future. Save in the degradation of France,
+through the impoverishment of its life-blood, there is little in human
+civilization to recall the disastrous incident of Napoleon's existence.
+
+_Paucis vivat humanum genus_: "the many live for the few." This shall
+be true no longer. The earth belongs to him who can use it and the only
+force which lasts is that which is used to make men free.
+
+"Triumphant America," says George Horace Lorimer, "certainly does not mean
+each and every one of our seventy-eight millions. For instance, it does not
+include the admitted idiots and lunatics, the registered paupers and
+parasites, the caged criminals, the six million illiterates. In a sense, it
+includes the twenty-five to thirty million children, for they exert a
+tremendous influence upon the grown people. But in no sense does it include
+the whittlers on dry-goods boxes, the bar-room loafers, the fellows that
+listen all day long for the whistle to blow, those who are the first to be
+mentioned whenever there is talk of cutting down the force. It does not
+include those of our statesmen who spend their time in promoting corrupt
+jobs, or in hunting places for lazy heelers. It does not include the
+doctors who reach their high-water mark for professional knowledge on the
+day they graduate, or the lawyers who lie and cheat and procure injustice
+for the sake of fees.
+
+"Most of these--even the idiots and criminals--do a little something
+towards progress. This world is so happily ordered that it is impossible
+for one man to do much harm or to avoid doing some good; and one of the
+greatest forces for good is the power of a bad example. Still it is not our
+bad examples that make us get on and earn us these smothers of flowery
+compliment.
+
+"Some of us are tall and others short, some straight and others crooked,
+some strong, others feeble; some of us run, others walk, others snail it.
+But all, all have their feet upon the same level of the common earth. And
+America's worst enemy is he--or she--who by word or look encourages another
+to think otherwise. Head as high as you please; but feet always upon the
+common ground, never upon anybody's shoulders or neck, even though he be
+weak or willing."
+
+So in this strenuous and complex age, this age of "fierce democracy," what
+have we to do, and with what manner of men shall we work? Young men of the
+Twentieth Century, will your times find place for you? There is plenty to
+do in every direction. That is plain enough. All the pages in this little
+book, or in a very large one, would be filled by a mere enumeration. In
+agriculture a whole great empire is yet to be won in the arid west, and the
+west that is not arid and the east that was never so must be turned into
+one vast market-garden. The Twentieth Century will treat a farm as a
+friend, and it will yield rich returns for such friendship. In the
+Twentieth Century vast regions will be fitted to civilization, not by
+imperialism, which blasts, but by permeation, which reclaims.
+
+The table-lands of Mexico, the plains of Manchuria, the Pampas of
+Argentine, the moors of Northern Japan, all these regions in our own
+temperate zone offer a welcome to the Anglo-Saxon farmer. The great tropics
+are less hopeful, but they have never had a fair trial. The northern
+nations have tried to exploit them in haste, and then to get away, never to
+stay with them and work patiently to find out their best. Some day the
+possibilities of the Torrid Zone may come to us as a great discovery.
+
+There is need of men in forestry; for we must win back the trees we have
+slain with such ruthless hand. The lumberman of the future will pick ripe
+trees and save the rest as carefully as the herdsman selects his stock. In
+engineering, in mining, in invention, there are endless possibilities.
+Every man who masters what is already known in any one branch of applied
+science, makes his own fortune. He who can add a little, save a little, do
+something better or something cheaper, makes the fortune of a hundred
+others. "There is always room for a man of force, and he makes room for
+many."
+
+Andrew Carnegie once said that the foundation of his fortune lay in the
+employment of trained chemists, while other men made steel by rule of
+thumb. Trained chemists made better steel, just a little. They devised ways
+to make it cheaper, just a little, and they found means to utilize the
+slag. All this means hundreds of millions of dollars, if done on a large
+enough scale.
+
+There is no limit to the demands of engineering. A million waterfalls dash
+down the slopes of the Sierras. The patient sun has hauled the water up
+from the sea and spread it in snow over the mountains. The same sun will
+melt the snow, and as the water falls back to the sea it will yield again
+the force it cost to bring it to its heights. Thus sunshine and falling
+water can be transmuted into power. This power already lights the cities of
+California, and some day it may be changed into the heat which moves a
+thousand factories. All these are the problems of the Electrical Engineer.
+Equally rich are the opportunities in other forms of engineering. There is
+no need to be in haste, perhaps, but the Twentieth Century is eager in its
+quest for gold. The mother lode runs along the foothills from Bering
+Straits to Cape Horn. From end to end of the continent the Twentieth
+Century will bring this gold to light, and carry it all away. The Mining
+Engineer who knows the mountains best finds his fortune ready to his hand.
+Civil Engineers, Steam Engineers, Naval Engineers, whoever knows how to
+manage things or men, even Social Engineers, Labor Engineers, all find an
+eager welcome. There are never too many of those who know how; but the day
+of the rule of thumb has long since past. The Engineer of to-day must
+create, not imitate. And to him who can create, this last century we call
+the Twentieth is yet part of the first day of Creation.
+
+In commerce the field is always open for young men. The world's trade is
+barely yet begun. We hear people whining over the spread of the commercial
+spirit, but what they mean is not the spirit of commerce. It is persistence
+of provincial selfishness, a spirit which has been with us since the fall
+of Adam, and which the centuries of whitening sails has as yet not
+eradicated. The spirit of fair commerce is a noble spirit. Through commerce
+the world is unified. Through commerce grows tolerance, and through
+tolerance, peace and solidarity. Commerce is world-wide barter, each nation
+giving what it can best produce for what is best among others. Freedom
+breeds commerce as commerce demands freedom. Only free men can buy and
+sell; for without selling no man nor nation has means to buy. When China is
+a nation, her people will be no longer a "yellow peril." It is poverty,
+slavery, misery, which makes men dangerous. In the words of "Joss
+Chinchingoss," the Kipling of Singapore, we have only to give the Chinaman
+
+ "The chance at home that he makes for himself elsewhere,
+ And the star of the Jelly-fish nation mid others shall shine as fair."
+
+Since the day, twenty-three years ago, on which I first passed through the
+Golden Gate of California, I have seen the steady increase of the shipping
+which enters that channel. There are ten vessels to-day passing in and out
+to one in 1880. Another twenty-five years will see a hundred times as many.
+We have discovered the Orient, and even more, the Orient has discovered us.
+We may not rule it by force of arms; for that counts nothing in trade or
+civilization. Commerce follows the flag only when the flag flies on
+merchant ships. It has no interest in following the flag to see a fight.
+Commerce follows fair play and mutual service. Through the centuries of war
+men have only played at commerce. The Twentieth Century will take it
+seriously, and it will call for men to do its work. It will call more
+loudly than war has ever done, but it will ask its men not to die bravely,
+but to live wisely, and above all truthfully to watch their accounts.
+
+The Twentieth Century will find room for pure science as well as for
+applied science and ingenious invention. Each Helmholtz of the future will
+give rise to a thousand Edisons. Exact knowledge must precede any form of
+applications. The reward of pure science will be, in the future as in the
+past, of its own kind, not fame nor money, but the joy of finding truth. To
+this joy no favor of fortune can add. The student of nature in all the ages
+has taken the vow of poverty. To him money, his own or others, means only
+the power to do more or better work.
+
+The Twentieth Century will have its share in literature and art. Most of
+the books it will print will not be literature, for idle books are written
+for idle people, and many idle people are left over from less insistent
+times. The books sold by the hundred thousands to men and women not trained
+to make time count, will be forgotten before the century is half over. The
+books it saves will be books of its own kind, plain, straightforward,
+clear-cut, marked by that "fanaticism for veracity" which means everything
+else that is good in the intellectual and moral development of man. The
+literature of form is giving way already to the literature of power. We
+care less and less for the surprises and scintillations of clever fellows;
+we care more and more for the real thoughts of real men. We find that the
+deepest thoughts can be expressed in the simplest language. "A straight
+line is the shortest distance between two points" in literature as well as
+in mechanics. "In simplicity is strength," as Watt said of machinery, and
+it is true in art as well as in mechanics.
+
+In medicine, the field of action is growing infinitely broader, now that
+its training is securely based on science, and the divining rod no longer
+stands first among its implements of precision. Not long ago, it is said, a
+young medical student in New York committed suicide, leaving behind this
+touching sentence: "I die because there is room for no more doctors." And
+this just now, when for the first time it is worth while to be a doctor.
+Room for no more doctors, no doubt, of the kind to which he belonged--men
+who know nothing and care nothing for science and its methods, who choose
+the medical school which will turn them loose most quickly and cheaply, who
+have no feeling for their patients, and whose prescriptions are given with
+no more conscience than goes into the fabrication of an electric belt or
+the compounding of a patent medicine. Room for no more doctors whose
+highest conception is to look wise, take his chances, and pocket the fee.
+Room for no more doctors just now, when the knowledge of human anatomy and
+physiology has shown the way to a thousand uses of preventive surgery. Room
+for no more doctors, when the knowledge of the microbes and their germs has
+given the hope of successful warfare against all contagious diseases; room
+for no more doctors, when antiseptics and anaesthetics have proved their
+value in a thousand pain-saving ways. Room for no more doctors now, when
+the doctor must be an honest man, with a sound knowledge of the human body
+and a mastery of the methods of the sciences on which this knowledge
+depends. Room for no more doctors of the incompetent class, because the
+wiser times demand a better service.
+
+What is true in medicine applies also to the profession of law. The
+pettifogger must give place to the jurist. The law is not a device for
+getting around the statutes. It is the science and art of equity. The
+lawyers of the future will not be mere pleaders before juries. They will
+save their clients from need of judge or jury. In every civilized nation
+the lawyers must be the law-givers. The sword has given place to the green
+bag. The demands of the Twentieth Century will be that the statutes
+coincide with equity. This condition educated lawyers can bring about. To
+know equity is to be its defender.
+
+In politics the demand for serious service must grow. As we have to do with
+wise and clean men, statesmen, instead of vote-manipulators, we shall feel
+more and more the need for them. We shall demand not only men who can lead
+in action, but men who can prevent unwise action. Often the policy which
+seems most attractive to the majority is full of danger for the future. We
+need men who can face popular opinion, and, if need be, to face it down.
+The best citizen is one not afraid to cast his vote away by voting with the
+minority.
+
+As we look at it in the rough, the political outlook of democracy often
+seems discouraging. A great, rich, busy nation cannot stop to see who grabs
+its pennies. We are plundered by the rich, we are robbed by the poor, and
+trusts and unions play the tyrant over both. But all these evils are
+temporary. The men that have solved greater problems in the past will not
+be balked by these. Whatever is won for the cause of equity and decency is
+never lost again. "Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty," and in this
+Twentieth Century there are always plenty who are awake. One by one
+political reforms take their place on our statute books, and each one comes
+to stay.
+
+In all this, the journalist of the future may find an honorable place. He
+will learn to temper enterprise with justice, audacity with fidelity,
+omniscience with truthfulness. When he does this he will become a natural
+leader of men because he will be their real servant. To mould public
+opinion, to furnish a truthful picture of the times from day to day, either
+of these ideals in journalism gives ample room for the play of the highest
+manly energy.
+
+The need of the teacher will not grow less as the century goes on. The
+history of the future is written in the schools of to-day, and the reform
+which gives us better schools is the greatest of reforms. It is said that
+the teacher's noblest work is to lead the child to his inheritance. This is
+the inheritance he would win; the truth that men have tested in the past,
+and the means by which they were led to know that it was truth. "Free
+should the scholar be--free and brave," and to such as these the Twentieth
+Century will bring the reward of the scholar.
+
+The Twentieth Century will need its preachers and leaders in religion. Some
+say, idly, that religion is losing her hold in these strenuous days. But
+she is not. She is simply changing her grip. The religion of this century
+will be more practical, more real. It will deal with the days of the week
+as well as with the Sabbath. It will be as patent in the marts of trade as
+in the walls of a cathedral, for a man's religion is his working hypothesis
+of life, not of life in some future world, but of life right here to-day,
+the only day we have in which to build a life. It will not look backward
+exclusively to "a dead fact stranded on the shore of the oblivious years,"
+nor will its rewards be found alone in the life to come. The world of to-
+day will not be a "vale of tears" through which sinful men are to walk
+unhappily toward final reward. It will be a world of light and color and
+joy, a world in which each of us may have a noble though a humble
+part,--the work of the "holy life of action." It will find religion in love
+and wisdom and virtue, not in bloodless asceticism, philosophical
+disputation, the maintenance of withered creeds, the cultivation of
+fruitless emotion, or the recrudescence of forms from which the life has
+gone out. It is possible, Thoreau tells us, for us to "walk in hallowed
+cathedrals," and this in our every-day lives of profession or trade. It is
+the loyalty to duty, the love of God through the love of men, which may
+transform the workshop to a cathedral, and the life of to-day may be divine
+none the less because it is strenuous and complex. It may be all the more
+so because it is democratic, even the Sabbath and its duties being no
+longer exalted above the other holy days.
+
+What sort of men does the century need for all this work it has to do? We
+may be sure that it will choose its own, and those who cannot serve it will
+be cast aside unpityingly. Those it can use it will pay generously, each
+after its kind, some with money, some with fame, some with the sense of
+power, some with the joy of service. Some will work hard in spite of vast
+wealth, some only after taking the vow of poverty.
+
+Those not needed you can find any day. They lean against lamp-posts in
+platoons, they crowd the saloons, they stand about railway stations all day
+long to see trains go by. They dally on the lounges of fashionable clubs.
+They may be had tied in bundles by the employers of menial labor. Their
+women work at the wash-tubs, and crowd the sweat shops of great cities; or,
+idle rich, they may dawdle in the various ways in which men and women
+dispose of time, yielding nothing in return for it. You, whom the century
+wants, belong to none of these classes. Yours must be the spirit of the
+times, strenuous, complex, democratic.
+
+A young man is a mighty reservoir of unused power. "Give me health and a
+day and I will put the pomp of emperors to shame." If I save my strength
+and make the most of it, there is scarcely a limit to what I may do. The
+right kind of men using their strength rightly, far outrun their own
+ambitions, not as to wealth and fame and position, but as to actual
+accomplishment. "I never dreamed that I should do so much," is the frequent
+saying of a successful man; for all men are ready to help him who throws
+his whole soul into the service.
+
+Men of training the century must demand. It is impossible to drop into
+greatness. "There is always room at the top." so the Chicago merchant said
+to his son, "but the elevator is not running." You must walk up the stairs
+on your own feet. It is as easy to do great things as small, if you only
+know how. The only way to learn to do great things is to do small things
+well, patiently, loyally. If your ambitions run high, it will take a long
+time in preparation. There is no hurry. No wise man begrudges any of the
+time spent in the preparation for life, so long as it is actually making
+ready.
+
+"Profligacy," says Emerson, "consists not in spending, but in spending off
+the line of your career. The crime which bankrupts men and nations is that
+of turning aside from one's main purpose to serve a job here and there."
+
+The value of the college training of to-day cannot be too strongly
+emphasized. You cannot save time nor money by omitting it, whatever the
+profession on which you enter. The college is becoming a part of life. For
+a long time the American college was swayed by the traditions of the
+English aristocracy. Its purpose was to certify to a man's personal
+culture. The young man was sent to college that he might be a member of a
+gentler caste. His degree was his badge that in his youth he had done the
+proper thing for a gentleman to do. It attested not that he was wise or
+good or competent to serve, but that he was bred a gentleman among
+gentlemen.
+
+So long as the title of academic bachelor had this significance, the man of
+action passed it by. It had no meaning to him, and the fine edge of
+accuracy in thought and perception, which only the college can give, was
+wanting in his work. The college education did not seem to disclose the
+secret of power, and the man of affairs would have none of it.
+
+A higher ideal came from Germany,--that of erudition. The German scholar
+knows some one thing thoroughly. He may be rude or uncultured, he may not
+know how to use his knowledge, but whatever this knowledge is, it is sound
+and genuine. Thoroughness of knowledge gives the scholar self-respect; it
+makes possible a broad horizon and clear perspective. From these sources,
+English and German, the American University is developing its own essential
+idea,--that of personal effectiveness. The American University of to-day
+seeks neither culture nor erudition as its final end. It values both as
+means to greater ends. It looks forward to work in life. Its triumphs in
+these regards the century will see clearly. It will value culture and
+treasure erudition, but it will use both as helps toward doing things. It
+will find its inspiration in the needs of the world as it is, and it is
+through such effort that the world that is to be shall be made a reality. A
+great work demands full preparation. It takes larger provision for a cruise
+to the Cape of Good Hope than for a trip to the Isle of Dogs. For this
+reason the century will ask its men to take a college education.
+
+It will ask much more than that,--a college education where the work is
+done in earnest, students and teachers realizing its serious value, and
+besides all this, it will demand the best special training which its best
+universities can give. For the Twentieth Century will not be satisfied with
+the universities of the fifteenth or seventeenth centuries. It will create
+its own, and the young man who does the century's work will be a product of
+its university system. Of this we may be sure, the training for strenuous
+life is not in academic idleness. The development of living ideals is not
+in an atmosphere of cynicism. The blase, lukewarm, fin-de-siecle young man
+of the clubs will not represent university culture, nor, on the other hand,
+will culture be dominated by a cheap utilitarianism.
+
+"You will hear every day around you," said Emerson to the divinity students
+of Harvard, "the maxims of a low prudence. You will hear that your first
+duty is to get land and money, place and fame. 'What is this truth you
+seek? What is this beauty?' men will ask in derision. If, nevertheless, God
+have called any of you to explain truth and beauty, be bold, be firm, be
+true. When you shall say, 'As others do, so will I; I renounce, I am sorry
+for it--my early visions; I must eat the good of the land, and let learning
+and romantic speculations go until some more favorable season,' then dies
+the man in you; then once more perish the buds of art and poetry and
+science, as they have died already in a hundred thousand men. The hour of
+that choice is the crisis in your history."
+
+The age will demand steady headed men, men whose feet stand on the ground,
+men who can see things as they really are, and act accordingly. "The
+resolute facing of the world as it is, with all the garments of
+make-believe thrown off,"--this, according to Huxley, is the sole cure for
+the evils which beset men and nations. The only philosophy of life is that
+derived from its science. We know right from wrong because the destruction
+is plain in human experience. Right action brings abundance of life. Wrong
+action brings narrowness, decay, and degeneration. A man must have
+principles of life above all questions of the mere opportunities of to-day,
+but these principles are themselves derived from experience. They belong to
+the higher opportunism, the consideration of what is best in the long run.
+The man who is controlled by an arbitrary system without reference to
+conditions, is ineffective. He becomes a crank, a fanatic, a man whose aims
+are out of all proportion to results. This is because he is dealing with an
+imaginary world, not with the world as it is. We may admire the valiant
+knight who displays a noble chivalry in fighting wind-mills, but we do not
+call on a wind-mill warrior when we have some plain, real work to
+accomplish. All progress, large or small, is the resultant of many forces.
+We cannot single out any one of these as of dominant value, and ignore or
+despise the others. In moving through the solar system, the earth is
+falling toward the sun as well as flying away from it. In human society,
+egoism is coexistent with altruism, competition with co-operation, mutual
+struggle with mutual aid. Each is as old as the other and each as
+important; for the one could not exist without the other. Not in air-built
+Utopias, but in flesh and blood, wood and stone and iron, will the movement
+of humanity find its realization.
+
+Don't count on gambling as a means of success. Gambling rests on the desire
+to get something for nothing. So does burglary and larceny. "The love of
+money is the root of all evil." This was said long ago, and it is not
+exactly what the wise man meant. He was speaking of unearned money. Money
+is power, and to save up power is thrift. On thrift civilization is
+builded. The root of all evil is the desire to get money without earning
+it. To get something for nothing demoralizes all effort. The man who gets a
+windfall spends his days watching the wind. The man who wins in a lottery
+buys more lottery tickets. Whoever receives bad money, soon throws good
+money after bad. He will throw that of others when his own is gone. No firm
+or corporation is rich enough to afford to keep gamblers as clerks.
+
+The age will demand men of good taste who care for the best they know.
+Vulgarity is satisfaction with mean things. That is vulgar which is poor of
+its kind. There is a kind of music called rag-time,--vulgar music, with
+catchy tunes--catchy to those who do not know nor care for things better.
+There are men satisfied with rag-time music, with rag-time theatres, with
+rag-time politics, rag-time knowledge, rag-time religion. "It was my duty
+to have loved the highest." The highest of one man may be low for another,
+but no one can afford to look downward for his enjoyments. The corrosion of
+vulgarity spreads everywhere. Its poison enters every home. The billboards
+of our cities bear evidence to it; our newspapers reek with it, our story
+books are filled with it; we cannot keep it out of our churches or our
+colleges. The man who succeeds must shun, vulgarity. To be satisfied with
+poor things in one line will tarnish his ideals in the direction of his
+best efforts. One great source of failure in life is satisfaction with mean
+things. It is easier to be almost right than to be right. It is less trying
+to wish than to do. There are many things that glitter as well as gold and
+which can be had more cheaply. Illusion is always in the market and can be
+had on easy terms. Realities do not lie on the bargain counters. Happiness
+is based on reality. It must be earned before we can come into its
+possession. Happiness is not a state. It is the accompaniment of action. It
+comes from the exercise of natural functions, from doing, thinking,
+planning, fighting, overcoming, loving. It is positive and strengthening.
+It is the signal "all is well," passed from one nerve cell to another. It
+does not burn out as it glows. It makes room for more happiness. Loving,
+too, is a positive word. It is related to happiness as an impulse to
+action. The love that does not work itself out in helping acts as mere
+torture of the mind. The primal impulse of vice and sin is a short cut to
+happiness. It promises pleasure without earning it. And this pleasure is
+always an illusion. Its final legacy is weakness and pain. Pain is not a
+punishment, but a warning of harm done to the body. The unearned pleasures
+provoke this warning. They leave a "dark brown taste in the mouth." Their
+recollection is "different in the morning." Such pleasures, Robert Burns
+who had tried many of them says, are "like poppies spread," or "like the
+snow-falls on the river." But it is not true that they pass and leave no
+trace. Their touch is blasting. But true happiness leaves no reaction. To
+do strengthens a man for more doing; to love makes room for more loving.
+
+The second power of vulgarity is obscenity, and this vice is like the
+pestilence. All inane vulgarity tends to become obscene. From obscenity
+rather than drink comes the helplessness of the ordinary tramp.
+
+Another form of vulgarity is profanity. The habit of swearing is not a mark
+of manliness. It is the sign of a dull, coarse, unrefined nature, a lack of
+verbal initiative. Sometimes, perhaps, profanity seems picturesque and
+effective. I have known it so in Arizona once or twice, in old Mexico and
+perhaps in Wyoming, but never in the home, or the street, or the ordinary
+affairs of life. It is not that blasphemy is offensive to God. He is used
+to it, perhaps, for he has met it under many conditions. But it is
+offensive to man, insulting to the atmosphere, and destructive of him who
+uses it. Profanity and bluster are not signs of courage. The bravest men
+are quiet of speech and modest in demeanor.
+
+The man who is successful will not be a dreamer. He will have but one dream
+and that will work itself out as a purpose. Dreaming wanes into
+sentimentalism, and sentimentalism is fatal to action. The man of purpose
+says no to all lesser calls, all minor opportunities. He does not abandon
+his college education because a hundred dollar position is offered him
+outside. He does not turn from one profession because there is money in
+another. He has his claim staked out, and with time he will only fill in
+the detail of its boundaries.
+
+"Now that you are through college, what are you going to do?" asked a
+friend of a wise young man.
+
+"I shall study medicine," was the grave reply.
+
+"But isn't that profession already overcrowded?" asked the friend.
+
+"Possibly it is," said the youth, "but I purpose to study medicine all the
+same. Those who are already in the profession must take their chances."
+
+In this joke of the newspapers there is a sound philosophy. Men of purpose
+never overcrowd. The crowd is around the foot of the staircase waiting for
+the elevator.
+
+The old traveller, Rafinesque, tells us that when he was a boy he read the
+voyages of Captain Cook, Le Vaillant, Pallas, and Bougainville, and "my
+soul was fired to be a great traveller like them, and so I became such," he
+adds shortly.
+
+If you say to yourself: "I will be a traveller, a statesman, an engineer;"
+if you never unsay it; if you bend all your powers in that direction; if
+you take advantage of all helps that come in your way and reject all that
+do not, you will sometime reach your goal. For the world turns aside to let
+any man pass who knows whither he is going.
+
+"Why should we call ourselves men," said Mirabeau, "unless it be to succeed
+in everything, everywhere. Say of nothing: 'This is beneath me,' nor feel
+that anything is beyond your power, for nothing is impossible to the man
+who can will."
+
+Do not say that I am expecting too much of the effects of a firm
+resolution, that I give advice which would lead to failure. For the man who
+will fail will never take a resolution. Those among you whom fate has cut
+out to be nobodies are the ones who will never try!
+
+Even harmless pleasures hurt if they win you from your purpose. Lorimer's
+old merchant writes to his son at Harvard: "You will meet fools enough in
+the day without hunting up the main herd at night." This plain business
+man's advice is worth every young man's attention.
+
+The Twentieth Century will ask for men of instant decision, men whose
+mental equipment is all in order, ready to be used on the instant. Yes and
+no, right and wrong, we must have them labelled and ready to pack to go
+anywhere, to do anything at any time, or to know why we refuse to do it, if
+it is something we will not do. Ethelred the Unready died helpless a
+thousand years ago. The unready are still with us, but the strenuous
+century will grant them but short shrift.
+
+The man of the Twentieth Century will be a hopeful man. He will love the
+world and the world will love him. "There is no hope for you," Thoreau once
+said, "unless this bit of sod under your feet is the sweetest for you in
+the world--in any world." The effective man takes his reward as he goes
+along. Nowhere is the sky so blue, the grass so green, the opportunities so
+choice as now, here, to-day, the time, the place where his work must be
+done.
+
+"To-day is your day and mine," I have said on another occasion; "the only
+day we have, the day in which we play our part; what our part may signify
+in the great whole we may not understand, but we are here to play it, and
+now is the time. This we know: it is a part of action, not of whining. It
+is a part of love, not cynicism. It is for us to express love in terms of
+human helpfulness."
+
+Whatever feeling is worthy and real will express itself in action, and the
+glow that surrounds worthy action we call happiness.
+
+He will be a loyal man, considering always the best interests of him he
+serves, ready to lay down his life, if need be, for duty, ready to abandon
+whatever conflicts with higher loyalty, with higher duty.
+
+In the economic struggles of to-day, well-meaning men are making two huge
+mistakes, which in time will undo whatever of good their efforts may
+accomplish. One of these is the struggle against education, the effort to
+limit the number of skilled laborers, and this in a free country where each
+man's birthright is the development of his skill. The other is the effort
+to destroy the feeling of personal loyalty on the part of the laborer. Half
+the value of any man's service lies in his willingness, his devotion to the
+man or the work. This old-fashioned virtue of loyalty must not be
+cheapened. The man whose service is worth paying for, gives more than his
+labor. He believes that what he does is right, and when anything goes wrong
+he will turn in and make it right. In the long run the laborer can get no
+more than he deserves, and disloyal labor is paving the way for its own
+subjugation. Unwilling service is a form of slavery, and unwilling
+employment is a slavery of the employer.
+
+More than all this, the man in the Twentieth Century needs must be a man of
+character. It was said of Abraham Lincoln that he was a man "too simply
+great to scheme for his proper self." The man who schemes for his own
+advancement soon forfeits the support of others. He may lay pipes and pull
+wires, seeming for a little to succeed. "God consents, but only for a
+time." Sooner or later, if he lives to meet his fate, he finds his end in
+utter failure. And this failure is final: for those who have suffered will
+not help him again. Even rats desert a sinking ship. To be successful a man
+need take no heed for his own particular future. He will find his place in
+the future of his work.
+
+In the ordinary business of life the smart man has had his day. He gives
+place to the man who can bring about results. Whatever the present menace
+of trust and monopoly, the business of the future must be conducted on
+large lines. The profits of the future will be the legitimate reward of
+economy, organization, and boldness of conception. To this end absolute
+honesty is essential to success. The merchant selling poor goods at high
+prices, an article which looks as good as the real thing but is something
+else, must give place to a larger system, with specialized service on a
+basis of absolute truthfulness. Business of a large scale must finally
+demand publicity and equity. Sooner or later even monopolies must grant
+this, whether we insist on it by statute or not. It is necessary for their
+own protection; for large structures cannot long stand on insecure
+foundations. In the long run trade is honest; for dishonest trade cuts its
+own throat.
+
+Above all, because including all, the century will ask for men of sober
+mind. The finest piece of mechanism in all the universe is the brain of man
+and the mind which is its manifestation. What mind is, or how it is related
+to brain cells, we cannot say, but this we know, that as the brain is, so
+is the mind; whatever injury comes to the one is shown in the other. In
+this complex structure, with its millions of connecting cells, we are able
+to form images of the external world, truthful so far as they go, to retain
+these images, to compare them, to infer relations of cause and effect, to
+induce thought from sensation, and to translate thought into action. In
+proportion to the exactness of these operations is the soundness, the
+effectiveness of the man. The man is the mind, and everything else is
+accessory. The sober man is the one who protects his brain from all that
+would do it harm. Vice is our name for self-inflicted injury, and the
+purpose of vice is to secure a temporary feeling of pleasure through injury
+to the brain. Real happiness does not come through vice. You will know that
+which is genuine because it makes room for more happiness. The pleasures of
+vice are mere illusions, tricks of the nervous system, and each time these
+tricks are played it is more and more difficult for the mind to tell the
+truth. Such deceptions come through drunkenness and narcotism. In greater
+or less degree all nerve-affecting drugs produce it; alcohol, nicotine,
+caffeine, opium, cocaine, and the rest, strong or weak. Habitual use of any
+of these is a physical vice. A physical vice becomes a moral vice, and all
+vice leaves its record on the nervous system. To cultivate vice is to
+render the actual machinery of our mind incapable of normal action.
+
+It is the brain's business to perceive, to think, to will, to act. All
+these functions taken together we call the mind. The brain is hidden in
+darkness, sheltered within a box of bone. All that it knows comes to it
+from the nerves of sense. All that it can do in this world is to act on the
+muscles it controls through its nerves of motion. The final purpose of
+knowledge is action. Our senses tell us what lies about us, that we may
+move and act, and do this wisely and safely. The sense-organs are the
+brain's only teachers so far as we know, the muscles are its only servants.
+But there are many orders which may be issued to these servants. Out of the
+many sensations, memories, imaginations, how shall the brain choose?
+
+The power of attention fixes the mind on those sensations or impressions of
+most worth, pushing the others into the background. Past impressions,
+memory-pictures, linger in the brain, and these, bidden or unbidden, crowd
+with the others. To know the relation of all these, to distinguish present
+impressions from memories, realities from dreams,--this is mental sanity.
+The sane brain performs its appointed task. The mind is clear, the will is
+strong, the attention persistent, and all is well in the world. But the
+machinery of the brain may fail. The mind grows confused. It mistakes
+memories for realities. It loses the power of attention. A fixed idea may
+take possession of it, or it may be filled by a thousand vagrant
+impressions, wandering memories, in as many seconds. In this case the
+response of the muscles becomes uncertain. The acts are governed not by the
+demands of external conditions but by internal whims. This is a condition
+of mania or mental irresponsibility. Some phase of mental unsoundness is
+produced by any of the drugs which affect the nerves, whether stimulants or
+narcotics. They may help to borrow from our future store of energy, but
+they borrow at compound interest and never repay the loan. They give an
+impression of joy, of rest, of activity, without giving the fact; one and
+all, their function is to force the nervous system to lie. Each indulgence
+in any of them makes it harder to tell the truth. One and all, their
+supposed pleasures are followed by reactions, subjective pains as unreal as
+the joys which they follow. Each of them, if used persistently, brings
+incapacity, insanity, and death. With each of them use creates appetite. To
+yield once it is easier to yield again. The harm of some of them is slight.
+Tea, coffee, beer, claret, in moderate quantities, do but moderate harm,
+but all of them are without other effect on the nerves save to work them
+injury. White lies at the best are falsehoods. These are the white lies of
+physiology. In regard to each of these, the young man must count the cost.
+Count all the cost and be prepared to pay. The song of Ulrich von Huetten,
+when he gave his life for religious freedom, is worth applying to all other
+costly things. He sang:--
+
+  "'Ich habe gewagt mit Sinnen
+  Und trage des noch kein Reu.'"
+
+  "With open eyes have I dared it,
+  and cherish no regret."
+
+For all indulgence in wine and coffee and tobacco you will have a bill to
+pay. Perhaps not a heavy bill. The indulgence may be worth the while, but
+if so, find out for yourself beforehand whether others have found it so. If
+you dare, dare with open eyes and cherish no regrets. For regret is the
+most profitless thing to cherish. There is nothing more distressing than
+remorse without will. The only hope in the world is to stop, and by the
+time that the inebriate comes to realize where he is, it is too late to
+stop.
+
+"There is joy in life," says Sullivan, the pugilist, "but it is known only
+to the man who has a few jolts of liquor under his belt." To know this kind
+of joy is to put one's self beyond the reach of all others.
+
+The joy of the blue sky, the bright sunshine, the rushing torrent, the
+songs of birds, "sweet as children's prattle is," the breath of the
+meadows, the glow of effort, the beauty of poetry, the achievement of
+thought, the thousand and thousand real pleasures of life, are inaccessible
+to him "who has a few jolts of liquor under his belt," while the sorrows he
+feels, or thinks he feels, are as unreal as his joys, and as unworthy of a
+life worth living.
+
+There was once, I am told, a man who came into his office smacking his
+lips, and said to his clerk, "The world looks very different to the man who
+has had a good glass of brandy and soda in the morning." "Yes," said the
+clerk, "and the man looks different to the world."
+
+And this is natural and inevitable, for the pleasure, which exists only in
+the imagination, leads to action which has likewise nothing to do with the
+demands of life. The mind is confused, and may be delighted with the
+confusion, but the confused muscles tremble and halt. The tongue is
+loosened and utters unfinished sentences; the hand is loosened and the
+handwriting is shaky; the muscles of the eyes are unharnessed, and the two
+eyes move independently and see double; the legs are loosened, and the
+confusion of the brain shows itself in the confused walk. And if this
+confusion is long continued, the mental deterioration shows itself in
+external things,--the shabby hat and seedy clothing, and the gradual drop
+of the man from stratum to stratum of society, till he brings up some night
+in the ditch. As the world looks more and more different to him, so does he
+look more and more different to the world.
+
+A prominent lawyer of Boston once told me that the great impulse to total
+abstinence came to him when a young man, from hearing his fellow lawyers
+talking over their cups. The most vital secrets of their clients' business
+were made public property when their tongues were loosened by wine; and
+this led him to the firm resolution that nothing should go into his mouth
+which would prevent him from keeping it closed unless he wanted to open it.
+The time will come when the only opening for the ambitious man of
+intemperate habits will be in politics. It is rapidly becoming so now.
+Private employers dare not trust their business to the man who drinks. The
+great corporations dare not. He is not wanted on the railroads. The
+steamship lines have long since cast him off. The banks dare not use him.
+He cannot keep accounts. Only the people, long-suffering and generous,
+remain as his resource. For this reason municipal government is his
+specialty; and while this patience of the people lasts, our cities will
+breed scandals as naturally as our swamps breed malaria. Already the
+business of the century recognizes the truth of all this. The bonding
+companies ask, before they sign a contract, whether the official in
+question uses liquor, what kind of liquor, whether he smokes, gambles, or
+in other ways so conducts himself that in five years he will be less of a
+man than he is now.
+
+The great corporations ask the same questions as to all their employees.
+Even these organizations called "soulless" know the value of men, and that
+the vices of to-day must be reckoned at compound interest and charged
+against their estimate of the young man's future. The Twentieth Century
+must be temperate; for only sober men can bear the strain of its
+enterprises.
+
+Equally dangerous is the search for the joys of love by those who would
+shirk all love's responsibilities. Just as honest love is the most powerful
+influence that can enter into a man's life, so is love's counterfeit the
+most disintegrating. Happiness cannot spring from the ashes of lust. Love
+looks toward the future. Its glory is its altruism. To shirk responsibility
+is to destroy the home. The equal marriage demands equal purity of heart,
+equal chastity of intention. Open vice brings with certainty disease and
+degradation. Secret lust comes to the same end, but all the more surely
+because the folly of lying is added to other sources of decay. That society
+is so severe in its condemnation of "the double life" is an expression of
+the bitterness of its experience. The real character of a man is measured
+by the truth he shows to women. His ideal of womankind is gauged by the
+character of the woman he seeks.
+
+In general, the sinner is not the man who sets out in life to be wicked.
+Few men are born wicked; many are born weak. False ideas of manliness;
+false conceptions of good fellowship, which false ideas of the relationship
+of men and women give, wreck many a young man of otherwise good intentions.
+The sinner is the man who cannot say no. The fall through vice to sin is a
+matter of slow transition. One virtue after another is yielded up as the
+strain on the will becomes too great. In Kipling's fable of Parenness, the
+demon appears before the clerk in the Indian service, who has been too long
+a good fellow among the boys. It asks him to surrender three things in
+succession: his trust in man, his faith in woman, then the hopes and
+ambitions of his childhood. When these are given up, as they must be in the
+life of dissipation, the demon leaves him in exchange a little crust of dry
+bread. Bare existence without joy or hope is all that the demon can give
+when the forces of life are burned out.
+
+In our colleges, the one ethical principle kept before the athlete by his
+associates is this: Never break training rules. The pitcher who smokes a
+cigarette throws away his game. The punter who spends the night at a dance
+loses his one chance of making a goal. The sprinter who takes the glass of
+convivial beer breaks no record. His record breaks him. Some day we shall
+realize that the game of life is more than the game of foot-ball. We have
+work every day more intricate than pitching curves, more strenuous than
+punting the ball. We must keep in trim for it. We must hold ourselves in
+repair. We must remember training rules. When this is done, we shall win
+not only games and races, but the great prizes of life. Almost half the
+strength of the men of America is now wasted in dissipation, gross or
+petty, in drink or smoke. This strength would be saved could we remember
+training rules. Through the training rules of our fathers we have come to
+consider as part of our inheritance the Puritan Conscience. As the success
+of our nation is built upon this conscience, so in like fashion depends
+upon it the success of our daily life.
+
+I had a friend once, a mining man of some education, who made his fortune
+in bonanza days in Nevada, and who drank up what he had made with the boys
+who have long since passed away. As a hopeless sot he visited the gold cure
+at Los Gatos. Not finding much relief, he walked over to Palo Alto to
+borrow of me his fare to San Francisco. He said that he was going to pawn
+his goods for a fare to Nevada, where he meant to kill himself. Whether he
+did so or not, I do not know; for ten years have gone by and I have never
+heard of him again.
+
+As he sat in my room, haggard, bloodshot, ragged, gin-flavored, a little
+boy who had then never known sin, came in, and being no respecter of
+persons, took him for a man and offered him his hand.
+
+Being taken for a man, brought him back his manhood for a moment. The
+visions of evil left him, and from Dickens' poem of "The Children" he
+repeated almost to himself these words:--
+
+  "'I know now how Jesus could liken The Kingdom of God to a child.'"
+
+The old scene came back to him. When the Master was teaching, the children
+crowded about him, and there were those who would send them away. But the
+Master said, "No, let the little children come unto me, and do not forbid
+them; for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven." And again he said, "The
+Kingdom of Heaven is within you." And again those whose services the Lord
+of the centuries could use, he likened to little children.
+
+And of the many ways in which this likeness can be used this is one. The
+child is born with brain and nervous system adequate to its many purposes
+in life, if it is suffered to grow naturally, to become what God meant it
+to be. There are not many children of sin not made so by vice,
+intemperance, lust, and obscenity. They are victims of their elders' folly,
+of our carelessness as to their environment. Half the troubles of men of
+our race come through self-inflicted injury to the nervous system. We are
+tormented by the "fool-killer." If we could revert to the child's simple
+purity, the free movement of its machinery of life, we should find
+ourselves in a new heaven on a new earth. We could understand for ourselves
+part of what the Master meant. We should know now how Jesus could liken the
+Kingdom of God to a child.
+
+All forms of subjective enjoyment, all pleasures that begin and end with
+self, unrelated to external things, are insane and unwholesome, destructive
+alike to rational enjoyment and to effectiveness in life. And this is true
+of spurious emotions alike, whether the pious ecstasies of a half-starved
+monk, the neurotic imaginings of a sentimental woman, or the riots of a
+debauchee. He is the wise man who for all his life can keep mind and soul
+and body clean.
+
+"I know of no more encouraging fact," says Thoreau, "than the ability of a
+man to elevate his life by conscious endeavor. It is something to paint a
+particular picture, or to carve a statue, and so make a few objects
+beautiful. It is far more glorious to carve and paint the very atmosphere
+and medium through which we look. This morally we can do."
+
+If it were ever my fortune in speaking to young men to become eloquent,
+with the only real eloquence there is, the plain speaking of a living
+truth, this I would say:--
+
+Your first duty in life is toward your after-self. So live that your
+after-self--the man you ought to be--may in his time be possible and
+actual. Far away in the twenties, the thirties, of the Twentieth Century he
+is awaiting his turn. His body, his brain, his soul are in your boyish
+hands. He cannot help himself. What will you leave for him? Will it be a
+brain unspoiled by lust or dissipation, a mind trained to think and act, a
+nervous system true as a dial in its response to the truth about you? Will
+you, boy of the Twentieth Century, let him come as a man among men in his
+time, or will you throw away his inheritance before he has had the chance
+to touch it? Will you turn over to him a brain distorted, a mind diseased,
+a will untrained to action, a spinal cord grown through and through with
+the devil grass of that vile harvest we call wild oats? Will you let him
+come, taking your place, gaining through your experiences, hallowed through
+your joys, building on them his own, or will you fling his hope away,
+decreeing wanton-like that the man you might have been shall never be?
+
+This is your problem in life, the problem of more importance to you than
+any or all others. How will you solve it? Will you meet it as a man or as a
+fool? When you answer this, we shall know what use the Twentieth Century
+can make of you.
+
+"Death is a thing cleaner than Vice," Owen Wister tells us, and in the long
+run it is more profitable.
+
+Charles R. Brown tells us of the old physician showing the physical effects
+of vice in the Museum of Pathology. "Almighty God writes a very plain
+hand." This is what he said. In every failure as in every success in the
+Twentieth Century, this plain hand can be plainly traced. "By their long
+memories the gods are known." This is an older form of the very same great
+lesson, the "goodness and severity of God."
+
+Those who control the spiritual thought of the Twentieth Century will be
+religious men. They will not be religious in the fashion of monks,
+ascetics, mystic dreamers, or emotional enthusiasts. They will not be
+active in debating societies, discussing the intricacies of creeds. Neither
+will they be sticklers as to details in religious millinery. They will be
+simple, earnest, God-fearing, because they have known the God that makes
+for righteousness. Their religion of the Twentieth Century will be its
+working theory of life. It will be expressed in simple terms or it may not
+be expressed at all, but it will be deep graven in the heart. In wise and
+helpful life it will find ample justification. It will deal with the world
+as it is in the service of "the God of things as they are." It will find
+this world not "a vale of tears," a sink of iniquity, but a working
+paradise in which the rewards of right doing are instant and constant. It
+will find indeed that "His service is perfect freedom," for all things
+large or small within the reach of human effort are done in His way and in
+His way only.
+
+Whittier tells us of the story of the day in Connecticut in 1780, when the
+horror of great darkness came over the land, and all men feared the dreaded
+Day of Judgment had come at last.
+
+The Legislature of Connecticut, "dim as ghosts" in the old State House,
+wished to adjourn to put themselves in condition for the great assizes.
+Meanwhile, Abraham Davenport, representative from Stamford rose to
+say:--
+
+  "This may well be
+  The Day of Judgment for which the world awaits;
+  But be it so or not, I only know
+  My present duty and my Lord's command
+  To occupy till He come.
+  So at the Post where He hath set me in His Providence,
+  I choose for one to meet Him face to face.
+  Let God do His work. We will see to ours."
+
+Then he took up a discussion of an act relating to the fisheries of alewife
+and shad, speaking to men who felt them obliged to stand by their duty,
+though never expecting to see shad, or alewife, or even Connecticut again.
+
+  "Glad did I live and gladly die,
+  And I lay me down with a will."
+
+This was Stevenson's word. "Let God do His work; we will see to ours." And
+in whatever part of God's Kingdom we men of the Twentieth Century may find
+ourselves, we shall know that we are at home. For the same hand that made
+the world and the ages created also the men in whose hands the final
+outcome of the wayward centuries finds its place within the Kingdom of
+Heaven.
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, THE CALL OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY ***
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