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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oahu College at the Sandwich Islands, by 
+Trustees of the Punahou School and Oahu College
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Oahu College at the Sandwich Islands
+
+Author: Trustees of the Punahou School and Oahu College
+
+Release Date: February 25, 2007 [EBook #20669]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE OAHU COLLEGE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from public domain images available in the
+University of Michigan Making of America Collection)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+OAHU COLLEGE
+
+AT THE
+
+SANDWICH ISLANDS.
+
+
+
+BOSTON:
+PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN, 42 CONGRESS STREET.
+1856.
+
+
+
+
+THE OAHU COLLEGE.
+
+
+In the year 1841, a school was commenced, for the children of
+missionaries, at Punahou, near Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Five year
+ago, it was opened to others besides the children of missionaries. The
+number of pupils has varied from thirty to sixty, and the whole number
+of pupils, up to September, 1854, was one hundred and twenty-two. In
+May, 1853, the Hawaiian Government incorporated twelve persons, all of
+them except one either then or formerly connected with the mission, as a
+corporate body by the name of "_The Trustees of the Punahou School and
+Oahu College_." It is probable that the legal name of the institution
+will be shortened, and that it will be called simply the "_Oahu
+College_."
+
+The charter recognizes the design of the institution to be "the training
+of youth in the various branches of a Christian education, teaching them
+sound and useful knowledge." It further states, that, "as it is
+reasonable that the Christian education should be in conformity to the
+general views of the founders and patrons of the institution, no course
+of instruction shall be deemed lawful in said institution, which is not
+accordant with the principles of Protestant Evangelical Christianity, as
+held by that body of Protestant Christians in the United States of
+America, which originated the Christian mission to the Islands, and to
+whose labors and benevolent contributions the people of these Islands
+are so greatly indebted." There is also an additional security for the
+institution in the following article, namely,--"Whenever a vacancy shall
+occur in said corporation, it shall be the duty of the Trustees to fill
+the same with all reasonable and convenient dispatch. And every new
+election shall be immediately made known to the Prudential Committee of
+the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and be subject
+to their approval or rejection, and this power of revision shall be
+continued to the American Board for twenty years from the date of this
+charter."
+
+
+_The Sandwich Islands Christianized._
+
+The effort to christianize the Sandwich Islands was begun in the year
+1820, and has succeeded beyond any similar efforts recorded in history.
+In the year 1853, a little more than thirty years from the commencement
+of the mission, the Board was able to make proclamation in the Annual
+Report, that the people of the Sandwich Islands had become a Christian
+nation. The proofs then adduced of this fact were beyond all
+controversy; such as entitled the Hawaiian nation to the Christian name,
+if any people on earth might claim it; though without that intellectual
+development and social culture, which enter so deeply into the modern
+idea of civilization. But even in respect to these things a vast work
+had been accomplished.
+
+It was evident to the Prudential Committee, as early as the year 1848,
+that the time had come for a change of some sort in the relations of the
+missionaries to the people of the Islands and to the Board. They saw
+that new and additional motives must be presented to induce the married
+missionaries to remain at the Islands, or the greater part of them might
+feel constrained to return to this country within a few years, to make
+provision for their children. This was not owing simply, nor chiefly,
+to the number and age of their children, (for such a result was nowhere
+seen in the older missions elsewhere,) but to the novel and remarkable
+relations, at that time, of the mission to the people of the Sandwich
+Islands.
+
+The problem, as then presented, was, how to give scope to the parental
+feelings in missionaries, without increasing burdens and expenses that
+could not be borne; though it soon appeared that there was really a
+higher problem to be solved, and one that was novel in missions,
+namely, how to bring the mission itself, as such, to a termination,
+dissolving its relations to the Board, and merging its members in the
+newly created Christian community. The first problem stated came first
+in the order of time, and it involved the solution of the other. It was,
+how to convert the Islands into the home of the missionaries, (which the
+peculiar relation of the Islands to the commercial world then rendered
+possible,) and the missionaries into citizens and pastors. This was
+effected, so far as the action of the Prudential Committee was
+concerned, by a series of resolutions made public in the Report of the
+Board for the year 1849. The response of the missionaries was in general
+favorable, though it required five years was complete the arrangement.
+The case was unprecedented; there was no experience; every step had to
+be considered in its principles, its equity, and its expediency. The
+transition was at length effected, and the mission was merged in the
+general Christian community of the Islands. The meeting of the mission
+in May, 1853, was its last meeting in its associated, corporate
+character as a mission,--responsible, as such, to the Board,
+controlling, as such, the operations of its members. The relations of
+the ministry and churches of the Sandwich Islands towards the Board and
+its patrons, and towards other foreign missions and the Christian
+church at large, then became those of an independent Christian
+community. The salaries of the native pastors, the cost of church
+buildings, and the greater part of the cost of schools, were to be met
+(as in fact they have been) by the natives. So was the support of
+Hawaiian missionaries, whether sent to Micronesia, or to the Marquesas
+Islands. It was only in _part_, however, that the natives could support
+their _foreign_ pastors. The Board, in this new relation of things,
+would have to sustain to the new Christian community a relation like
+that, which the Home Missionary Society sustains to the Christian
+community in Oregon or California; and it might be necessary to continue
+this relation for some time.
+
+
+_Native College at Lahainaluna._
+
+The first important step taken at the Islands after the mission had
+responded, in the year 1849, to the proposals of the Prudential
+Committee, was the transfer, by the Board, of the native Seminary or
+College at Lahainaluna to the Hawaiian Government. This is wholly for
+natives. The transfer was made on the condition, that the institution
+should continue to cultivate sound literature and science, and not allow
+to be taught religious doctrines contrary to those heretofore inculcated
+by the mission. In case of the non-fulfillment of the conditions, the
+whole property, with any additions and improvements made upon the
+premises, was to revert to the Board. The government have since
+sustained two clerical professors obtained from the company of
+missionaries, and the institution answers the purpose of a College for
+the native community. It is not adapted, however, nor can it be, to the
+wants of the foreign community.
+
+
+_Necessity for the College at Punahou._
+
+The Oahu College is open to natives speaking the English language; but
+it is especially designed for pupils from that increasing and important
+portion of the Hawaiian community, which is of foreign origin. This of
+course includes those who have heretofore constituted the mission.
+These, with their families, must be regarded as in the highest degree
+essential to the religious welfare of the Islands. Their children, now
+at the Islands in a course of education, not including those too young
+for school, nor those in the colleges and schools of the United States,
+number one hundred and forty-five. To remove even a considerable portion
+of these for education to the United States, would be at great expense
+and inconvenience, and there is a growing conviction among the parents,
+that their children must be chiefly educated there. "They can there,"
+says one of the most experienced of the parents, "be under parental
+guardianship and home influences; and this will help to retain both
+parents and children in the field. The education will be less perfect
+than in the United States, but it will fit them better, in some
+respects, to labor in the land of their birth, than an education in a
+foreign country. The parents will seek an education for their children
+elsewhere, if it be not provided for them at the Islands; but it is
+believed that most of them will retain their children there, if a
+college be there provided."
+
+The number of foreign residents and their descendants is increasing at
+the Sandwich Islands. An intelligent glance at the future will show,
+that this enterprising community is destined to exert a very commanding
+influence in that increasingly important part of the world, and that the
+necessity of its being well educated cannot be over-estimated. The
+foreign community now springing up at the Sandwich Islands will
+inevitably shape the character and destiny of the whole northern
+Pacific. The missionary part of this community has now the vantage
+ground as regards all good influences, and with the divine blessing is
+able to mould the literary and religious institutions of the Hawaiian
+nation. Religion, just now, has a strong hold on those Islands. The
+present is, therefore, a favorable time to institute a College, and put
+it into a working condition.
+
+The necessity for an institution, such as it is proposed to make of the
+_Oahu College_, is one of the most obvious and interesting facts now
+presented to our view in that part of the world.
+
+1. The College is essential to the development and continued existence
+of the Hawaiian nation. It is so because the missionary portion is
+really the _palladium_ of the nation, and because a College is essential
+to that part of the community. The religious foreign community cannot
+otherwise long continue to perform its functions. It must have the means
+of liberally educating its children on the ground. Without a College,
+its moral, social and civil influence will tend constantly to decay.
+This most precious Christian influence, now rooted on the Islands, now
+no longer exotic, needs only the proper culture to perpetuate itself.
+The cheapest thing we can do for the Islands and for that part of the
+world, is to furnish this culture. It is better to educate our ministry
+there, than to send it thither from these remote shores. Indeed we are
+shut up to this, as our main policy. The providential indications are
+perfectly clear. Through the grace of God and the gospel of his Son, all
+the means, excepting such as are pecuniary, for perpetuating
+Christianity at the Islands, are already there. Mr. Armstrong, the
+Minister of Instruction at the Islands, writing to one of the
+Secretaries of the American Board under date of January 2, 1856, bears
+this remarkable testimony:--
+
+"During the year 1855, just closed," he says, "I visited all the
+Islands, and every missionary station, in the course of my official
+duty, and had good opportunities for seeing how the brethren conduct
+the affairs of their respective stations, and the success that has
+crowned their labors. I found them all at their posts, hard at work,
+watching for souls, and promoting the welfare of their people in various
+ways. As a class, they are very laborious and self-denying, and the
+advancement of their people in knowledge, industry, civilization and
+religion, is the best evidence of their success. I have lived for weeks
+on weeks among the natives, lodging with them in their huts, partaking
+of their homely fare and sleeping on their mats; and the more I see of
+them, the more I bless God for what he has done for them. I do not
+believe there is a community on earth, of the same number, more entirely
+pervaded by the blessed gospel. In the remotest corners of the land, I
+find a Bible and Hymn-book in nearly every house, if there was nothing
+else."
+
+We may say of the faithful men, who, ceasing to be missionaries in the
+technical sense, are now laboring as pastors of churches,
+superintendents of education, or professors in the native College, or as
+physicians, teachers, editors, or Christian merchants:--"Except these
+abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved." Had the great body of these men
+left the Islands in the year 1848, the native government could not long
+have survived the catastrophe; and now, and for years to come, they will
+be, under God, the most effectual safeguard the Hawaiian Government and
+people can possibly have. Remaining there, with their numerous and
+healthy families of children, and furnished with facilities for
+educating those children, the government, the nation, the Islands will
+continue, with the ordinary blessing of Heaven, to be Christian,
+evangelical, a glorious monument of the triumphs of the gospel, a light
+enlightening the benighted groups lying far to the westward, and a cause
+for admiring gratitude to the whole Christian world!
+
+Surely results like these are worth a great outlay for their
+preservation; but this cannot be effectually done without the speedy
+institution of a _College at the Islands_, where a portion of the
+children of foreign parents, and some of the more promising of the
+native youth, may receive that liberal education which is deemed so
+important in this country.
+
+2. There is another and highly interesting view of the subject. This
+Christian community at the Sandwich Islands,--mixed in blood, but one in
+Christ,--should be regarded as a centre of light and influence for the
+large number of inhabited but benighted Islands scattered over the far
+and vast WEST of the Pacific Ocean. This missionary enterprise in the
+insular world beyond, besides its intrinsic importance, is among the
+necessary means, by its reacting influence, of raising the Hawaiian
+churches to the point of self-support and self-control; and its value,
+in this view, is already delightfully evident. The pecuniary means for
+supporting missionaries in Micronesia who are sent from the United
+States, must of course come in great measure from this country; but the
+support of missionaries and native assistants drawn from the Hawaiian
+churches, (as well as much of the labor connected with the details of
+the business,) may be thrown upon the 'Hawaiian Missionary Society,'
+which is independent of the American Board; and no small portion of the
+missionaries may at length be obtained from among the _alumni_ of the
+_Oahu College_. Dr. Gulick, one of the first missionaries to Micronesia,
+is the son of a missionary at the Sandwich Islands, though educated in
+the United States; and the missionary children at the Islands are
+associated together to provide among themselves the means for his
+support. When the missionary ship, to be called the 'Morning Star,'
+which has been requested for the mission in Micronesia, is actually in
+those seas, the proposed institution for educating missionaries inured
+to the people and climate, will become a still more valuable auxiliary.
+
+
+Thus we see, that the reasonable endowment of the Oahu College will be a
+good use of money for the upbuilding of Christ's kingdom at the Sandwich
+Islands, and for extending that kingdom through the islands of the great
+ocean beyond.
+
+
+_Funds and Buildings of the College._
+
+The value of the property now belonging to the Oahu College, derived
+chiefly through the American Board, is estimated as follows:
+
+     Three hundred acres of land,       $9,000
+     College building, two stories,      7,000
+     Two dwelling houses,                6,000
+     Twelve lodging rooms,               2,000
+     Dining room, kitchen, etc.,         1,000
+     Out-houses,                           500
+     Farming implements, herds, etc.,    1,500
+                                       -------
+     Total,                            $27,000
+
+The land on which the buildings stand has an excellent and valuable
+spring of water, sufficient to irrigate it. There are one hundred acres
+in this lot, all enclosed by a good stone wall, and in part under
+cultivation. Another hundred acres adjoining, is also enclosed with a
+stone wall, and is devoted to pasturage. Another hundred acres of
+woodland lies about two miles distant. The buildings will suffice for
+the present.
+
+An observer, familiar with the college edifices of the United States,
+may hardly be able to recognize a _College_ in what he sees at Punahou.
+But what there is surpasses what were the _visible beginnings_ of either
+Harvard, or Yale. Until the present time, moreover, there has been only
+a preparatory school. The first college class, and that a small one,
+commences the present year. A number of young men, once at Punahou, who
+would perhaps have been in the College had there been one, are at
+Williams, Yale, or some other of our American Colleges. Some have
+completed their preparations for life's business, and are preachers,
+missionaries, merchants, or connected with the government of the
+Islands.
+
+
+_The Endowment._
+
+The cost of living at the Sandwich Islands has been materially increased
+by the settlement and mines of California. Just at present, it may not
+be easy to bring the expenses of a family at Punahou within the bounds
+recommended for the salaries of the officers of College. The arrangement
+for salaries should be based, however, on what we know to be the general
+course of things in the world. Fifteen hundred dollars, with the use of
+a house, is thought not to be too large a salary for the President of
+the Oahu College; and twelve hundred dollars, with the use of a house,
+for a Professor. The American Board will pay these two salaries for the
+years 1856 and 1857.
+
+The Trustees propose to raise the sum of _fifty thousand dollars_. This
+is not too large a beginning. Of this sum the Hawaiian government
+engages to give ten thousand dollars, or one fifth part; on condition
+that the remaining forty thousand dollars be raised before July 6, 1858,
+and that the King have the right of nominating two of the twelve
+trustees of the College. The Prudential Committee have voted to
+subscribe five thousand dollars towards the endowment, on behalf of the
+American Board, payable in the year 1858.
+
+It should be understood that, excepting the duty of approval or
+disapproval in respect to the election of members on the Board of
+Trustees, laid upon the American Board by the Charter for the space of
+twenty years, that Board has no connection whatever with the College,
+or control of its proceedings. The College is an independent
+institution, sustaining no other relation to the Board, than it does to
+every other benefactor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The Colleges of New England had generally some benevolent patron
+provided for them by Divine Providence;--a Harvard, a Yale, a Dartmouth,
+a Brown, a Bowdoin, a Williams; and the Colleges very properly took and
+embalmed their names in memory of an enlightened and refined Christian
+community. These provided the general endowment. Many liberal men also
+funded particular professorships; or gave funds for the education of
+young men of talents and character, without the means of obtaining a
+liberal education. May the Lord raise up such benefactors for the Oahu
+College. That has grown, as the New England Colleges did, out of a great
+religious movement and the wonderful blessing of God on that movement.
+It has a religious object, and is controlled by a religious influence.
+The funds have every practicable guard from perversion. The permanent
+necessity for such an institution is apparent in the certainty of a
+permanent, rising, influential community on those admirably situated
+Islands. The independence of the Hawaiian Nation,--which, under present
+circumstances, is most favorable to its development,--is guaranteed by
+the United States, Great Britain and France; and the presumption of its
+falling under the dominion of a power foreign to us, is too small to
+deserve notice; and the influence of the College itself, as already
+described, will be one of the most effectual guards against such a
+result. There is not a finer climate in all the world. Were it true,
+that the native population is still wasting away, the effect of corrupt
+commerce in old heathen times, still greater would be the need of such
+an institution. A flourishing community of some kind at the Sandwich
+Islands, then certainly will be; and the religious influences now at the
+Islands will be as available for that community, as hereafter developed,
+with whatever elements, as it will be for the one now existing.
+
+A number of gentlemen have kindly consented, at the request of the
+Prudential Committee of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
+Missions, acting for the Trustees of the College, to take charge of the
+funds contributed in this country for the Oahu College, (where the
+donors do not direct them to be remitted directly to the Trustees at the
+Islands;) and they will invest such funds in the United States, and
+cause the interest to be remitted annually to the officer of the
+corporation legally authorized to receive it. The Trustees for the Fund,
+appointed in the first instance by the Prudential Committee, will fill
+the vacancies occurring in their own number; and they will be authorized
+to transfer the investment of the funds to the Sandwich Islands whenever
+they and the Trustees of the College concur in the opinion, that this
+can be safely and advantageously effected.
+
+The following gentlemen compose the Trustees for the Funds to be
+invested in the United States; namely,--
+
+
+     HENRY HILL, Esq., of Boston, Mass.
+     PELATIAH PERIT, Esq., of New York city.
+     Gen. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Norwich, Conn.
+     Hon. THOMAS W. WILLIAMS, of New London, Conn.
+     HENRY P. HAVEN, Esq., of New London, Conn.
+     JAMES HUNNEWELL, Esq., of Charlestown, Mass.
+     WILLIAM E. DODGE, Esq., of New York city.
+     ABNER KINGMAN, Esq., of Boston, Mass.
+
+
+_Boston, August_ 1856.
+
+
+At a meeting of the Trustees of Oahu College, held at Honolulu, Oct. 27,
+1856, the following resolutions were adopted with reference to the
+appointment of the Trustees for the Funds:
+
+_Resolved_, 1. That the following gentlemen be and are hereby appointed
+Trustees, to receive, take charge of, and invest any funds that may have
+been, or hereafter may be contributed, in the United States, for the
+endowment of Oahu College; viz.,
+
+
+     HENRY HILL, Esq., of Boston, Mass.
+     PELATIAH PERIT, Esq., of New York city.
+     Gen. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Norwich, Conn.
+     Hon. THOMAS W. WILLIAMS, of New London, Conn.
+     HENRY P. HAVEN, Esq., of New London, Conn.
+     JAMES HUNNEWELL, Esq., of Charlestown, Mass.
+     WILLIAM E. DODGE, Esq., of New York city.
+     ABNER KINGMAN, Esq., of Boston, Mass.
+
+
+_Resolved_, 2. That the Trustees appointed by the foregoing resolution
+be and are hereby authorized to fill all vacancies occurring in their
+own number; and that they be and are also further authorized to transfer
+the investment of any funds that may be received by them for the
+endowment of Oahu College, to the Sandwich Islands, whenever they and
+the Trustees of the said College concur in the opinion, that this can be
+safely and advantageously done.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The President of the College is now in this country
+to act for the Board of Trustees, under the following
+commission:
+
+
+                         _Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, Feb_. 26, 1857.
+
+Know all persons to whom these presents may come, that the Rev. Edward
+Griffin Beckwith, President of Oahu College, is duly appointed and
+authorized by the Board of Trustees of this Institution to act as their
+agent in procuring funds, instructors, and books for the same; and to
+promote its general interests in all such ways as may be in his power,
+during his contemplated visit to the United States.
+
+To this end, the Trustees of the College hereby bespeak for him the kind
+regards and co-operation of all the friends of education and religion
+with whom he may meet during his mission.
+
+                                  R. ARMSTRONG,
+
+                                          _Sec'y of Board of Trustees_.
+
+
+At a meeting of the Trustees for the Fund, held in Boston, May 28, 1857,
+it was
+
+_Resolved_, That the Rev. E. G. Beckwith, President of Oahu College, now
+in this country for the purpose of obtaining an endowment for that now
+and important Institution at the Sandwich Islands, be earnestly
+commended, by the Trustees for the Fund it is proposed to raise for the
+College in this country, to the liberal patronage of those who would
+promote the cause of education at the Islands, and thus give stability
+and perpetuity to the civil and Christian institutions which have been
+so successfully introduced into that part of the world; with the
+understanding, that the investment of the Fund be made under the
+direction of the aforesaid Trustees residing in the United States.
+
+                                ABNER KINGMAN, _Clerk_.
+
+
+The following is the form of subscription, which it is proposed to
+circulate among the friends of this enterprise:
+
+We, the undersigned, subscribe the several sums set to our respective
+names, towards a Fund for the endowment of the Oahu College, in the
+Sandwich Islands, which Fund is to be invested under the direction of a
+Board of Trustees in the United States appointed for this purpose by the
+Trustees of the College; and the income arising therefrom to be annually
+appropriated to the support of said institution. Provided always, that
+no portion of said subscriptions, or any of the income arising
+therefrom, shall be used for the promotion of any system or course of
+education not in accordance with the Sixth Article of the present
+Charter of the said College.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Article Sixth of the Charter, reads as follows:
+
+"Be it hereby further known, that, as the object of the Institution is
+the training of youth in the various branches of a Christian education,
+and, as it is reasonable that the Christian education should be in
+conformity to the general views of the founders and patrons of the
+Institution, no course of instruction shall be deemed lawful in said
+Institution, which is not accordant with the principles of Protestant
+Evangelical Christianity, as held by that body of Protestant Christians,
+in the United States of America, which originated the Christian Mission
+to these Islands, and to whose labors and benevolent contributions the
+people of these Islands are so greatly indebted."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY HILL, Esq., of Boston, Mass., Chairman of the Trustees for the
+Fund, is Treasurer of said Board of Trustees, and all remittances for
+the College can be made to him, at his office, 118 Milk St.
+
+
+_Boston, June_ 1, 1857.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oahu College at the Sandwich
+Islands, by Punahou School
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