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diff --git a/20669.txt b/20669.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d934b09 --- /dev/null +++ b/20669.txt @@ -0,0 +1,910 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oahu College at the Sandwich Islands, by +Trustees of the Punahou School and Oahu College + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Oahu College at the Sandwich Islands + +Author: Trustees of the Punahou School and Oahu College + +Release Date: February 25, 2007 [EBook #20669] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE OAHU COLLEGE *** + + + + +Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from public domain images available in the +University of Michigan Making of America Collection) + + + + + + + + + +THE + +OAHU COLLEGE + +AT THE + +SANDWICH ISLANDS. + + + +BOSTON: +PRESS OF T. R. MARVIN, 42 CONGRESS STREET. +1856. + + + + +THE OAHU COLLEGE. + + +In the year 1841, a school was commenced, for the children of +missionaries, at Punahou, near Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Five year +ago, it was opened to others besides the children of missionaries. The +number of pupils has varied from thirty to sixty, and the whole number +of pupils, up to September, 1854, was one hundred and twenty-two. In +May, 1853, the Hawaiian Government incorporated twelve persons, all of +them except one either then or formerly connected with the mission, as a +corporate body by the name of "_The Trustees of the Punahou School and +Oahu College_." It is probable that the legal name of the institution +will be shortened, and that it will be called simply the "_Oahu +College_." + +The charter recognizes the design of the institution to be "the training +of youth in the various branches of a Christian education, teaching them +sound and useful knowledge." It further states, that, "as it is +reasonable that the Christian education should be in conformity to the +general views of the founders and patrons of the institution, no course +of instruction shall be deemed lawful in said institution, which is not +accordant with the principles of Protestant Evangelical Christianity, as +held by that body of Protestant Christians in the United States of +America, which originated the Christian mission to the Islands, and to +whose labors and benevolent contributions the people of these Islands +are so greatly indebted." There is also an additional security for the +institution in the following article, namely,--"Whenever a vacancy shall +occur in said corporation, it shall be the duty of the Trustees to fill +the same with all reasonable and convenient dispatch. And every new +election shall be immediately made known to the Prudential Committee of +the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and be subject +to their approval or rejection, and this power of revision shall be +continued to the American Board for twenty years from the date of this +charter." + + +_The Sandwich Islands Christianized._ + +The effort to christianize the Sandwich Islands was begun in the year +1820, and has succeeded beyond any similar efforts recorded in history. +In the year 1853, a little more than thirty years from the commencement +of the mission, the Board was able to make proclamation in the Annual +Report, that the people of the Sandwich Islands had become a Christian +nation. The proofs then adduced of this fact were beyond all +controversy; such as entitled the Hawaiian nation to the Christian name, +if any people on earth might claim it; though without that intellectual +development and social culture, which enter so deeply into the modern +idea of civilization. But even in respect to these things a vast work +had been accomplished. + +It was evident to the Prudential Committee, as early as the year 1848, +that the time had come for a change of some sort in the relations of the +missionaries to the people of the Islands and to the Board. They saw +that new and additional motives must be presented to induce the married +missionaries to remain at the Islands, or the greater part of them might +feel constrained to return to this country within a few years, to make +provision for their children. This was not owing simply, nor chiefly, +to the number and age of their children, (for such a result was nowhere +seen in the older missions elsewhere,) but to the novel and remarkable +relations, at that time, of the mission to the people of the Sandwich +Islands. + +The problem, as then presented, was, how to give scope to the parental +feelings in missionaries, without increasing burdens and expenses that +could not be borne; though it soon appeared that there was really a +higher problem to be solved, and one that was novel in missions, +namely, how to bring the mission itself, as such, to a termination, +dissolving its relations to the Board, and merging its members in the +newly created Christian community. The first problem stated came first +in the order of time, and it involved the solution of the other. It was, +how to convert the Islands into the home of the missionaries, (which the +peculiar relation of the Islands to the commercial world then rendered +possible,) and the missionaries into citizens and pastors. This was +effected, so far as the action of the Prudential Committee was +concerned, by a series of resolutions made public in the Report of the +Board for the year 1849. The response of the missionaries was in general +favorable, though it required five years was complete the arrangement. +The case was unprecedented; there was no experience; every step had to +be considered in its principles, its equity, and its expediency. The +transition was at length effected, and the mission was merged in the +general Christian community of the Islands. The meeting of the mission +in May, 1853, was its last meeting in its associated, corporate +character as a mission,--responsible, as such, to the Board, +controlling, as such, the operations of its members. The relations of +the ministry and churches of the Sandwich Islands towards the Board and +its patrons, and towards other foreign missions and the Christian +church at large, then became those of an independent Christian +community. The salaries of the native pastors, the cost of church +buildings, and the greater part of the cost of schools, were to be met +(as in fact they have been) by the natives. So was the support of +Hawaiian missionaries, whether sent to Micronesia, or to the Marquesas +Islands. It was only in _part_, however, that the natives could support +their _foreign_ pastors. The Board, in this new relation of things, +would have to sustain to the new Christian community a relation like +that, which the Home Missionary Society sustains to the Christian +community in Oregon or California; and it might be necessary to continue +this relation for some time. + + +_Native College at Lahainaluna._ + +The first important step taken at the Islands after the mission had +responded, in the year 1849, to the proposals of the Prudential +Committee, was the transfer, by the Board, of the native Seminary or +College at Lahainaluna to the Hawaiian Government. This is wholly for +natives. The transfer was made on the condition, that the institution +should continue to cultivate sound literature and science, and not allow +to be taught religious doctrines contrary to those heretofore inculcated +by the mission. In case of the non-fulfillment of the conditions, the +whole property, with any additions and improvements made upon the +premises, was to revert to the Board. The government have since +sustained two clerical professors obtained from the company of +missionaries, and the institution answers the purpose of a College for +the native community. It is not adapted, however, nor can it be, to the +wants of the foreign community. + + +_Necessity for the College at Punahou._ + +The Oahu College is open to natives speaking the English language; but +it is especially designed for pupils from that increasing and important +portion of the Hawaiian community, which is of foreign origin. This of +course includes those who have heretofore constituted the mission. +These, with their families, must be regarded as in the highest degree +essential to the religious welfare of the Islands. Their children, now +at the Islands in a course of education, not including those too young +for school, nor those in the colleges and schools of the United States, +number one hundred and forty-five. To remove even a considerable portion +of these for education to the United States, would be at great expense +and inconvenience, and there is a growing conviction among the parents, +that their children must be chiefly educated there. "They can there," +says one of the most experienced of the parents, "be under parental +guardianship and home influences; and this will help to retain both +parents and children in the field. The education will be less perfect +than in the United States, but it will fit them better, in some +respects, to labor in the land of their birth, than an education in a +foreign country. The parents will seek an education for their children +elsewhere, if it be not provided for them at the Islands; but it is +believed that most of them will retain their children there, if a +college be there provided." + +The number of foreign residents and their descendants is increasing at +the Sandwich Islands. An intelligent glance at the future will show, +that this enterprising community is destined to exert a very commanding +influence in that increasingly important part of the world, and that the +necessity of its being well educated cannot be over-estimated. The +foreign community now springing up at the Sandwich Islands will +inevitably shape the character and destiny of the whole northern +Pacific. The missionary part of this community has now the vantage +ground as regards all good influences, and with the divine blessing is +able to mould the literary and religious institutions of the Hawaiian +nation. Religion, just now, has a strong hold on those Islands. The +present is, therefore, a favorable time to institute a College, and put +it into a working condition. + +The necessity for an institution, such as it is proposed to make of the +_Oahu College_, is one of the most obvious and interesting facts now +presented to our view in that part of the world. + +1. The College is essential to the development and continued existence +of the Hawaiian nation. It is so because the missionary portion is +really the _palladium_ of the nation, and because a College is essential +to that part of the community. The religious foreign community cannot +otherwise long continue to perform its functions. It must have the means +of liberally educating its children on the ground. Without a College, +its moral, social and civil influence will tend constantly to decay. +This most precious Christian influence, now rooted on the Islands, now +no longer exotic, needs only the proper culture to perpetuate itself. +The cheapest thing we can do for the Islands and for that part of the +world, is to furnish this culture. It is better to educate our ministry +there, than to send it thither from these remote shores. Indeed we are +shut up to this, as our main policy. The providential indications are +perfectly clear. Through the grace of God and the gospel of his Son, all +the means, excepting such as are pecuniary, for perpetuating +Christianity at the Islands, are already there. Mr. Armstrong, the +Minister of Instruction at the Islands, writing to one of the +Secretaries of the American Board under date of January 2, 1856, bears +this remarkable testimony:-- + +"During the year 1855, just closed," he says, "I visited all the +Islands, and every missionary station, in the course of my official +duty, and had good opportunities for seeing how the brethren conduct +the affairs of their respective stations, and the success that has +crowned their labors. I found them all at their posts, hard at work, +watching for souls, and promoting the welfare of their people in various +ways. As a class, they are very laborious and self-denying, and the +advancement of their people in knowledge, industry, civilization and +religion, is the best evidence of their success. I have lived for weeks +on weeks among the natives, lodging with them in their huts, partaking +of their homely fare and sleeping on their mats; and the more I see of +them, the more I bless God for what he has done for them. I do not +believe there is a community on earth, of the same number, more entirely +pervaded by the blessed gospel. In the remotest corners of the land, I +find a Bible and Hymn-book in nearly every house, if there was nothing +else." + +We may say of the faithful men, who, ceasing to be missionaries in the +technical sense, are now laboring as pastors of churches, +superintendents of education, or professors in the native College, or as +physicians, teachers, editors, or Christian merchants:--"Except these +abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved." Had the great body of these men +left the Islands in the year 1848, the native government could not long +have survived the catastrophe; and now, and for years to come, they will +be, under God, the most effectual safeguard the Hawaiian Government and +people can possibly have. Remaining there, with their numerous and +healthy families of children, and furnished with facilities for +educating those children, the government, the nation, the Islands will +continue, with the ordinary blessing of Heaven, to be Christian, +evangelical, a glorious monument of the triumphs of the gospel, a light +enlightening the benighted groups lying far to the westward, and a cause +for admiring gratitude to the whole Christian world! + +Surely results like these are worth a great outlay for their +preservation; but this cannot be effectually done without the speedy +institution of a _College at the Islands_, where a portion of the +children of foreign parents, and some of the more promising of the +native youth, may receive that liberal education which is deemed so +important in this country. + +2. There is another and highly interesting view of the subject. This +Christian community at the Sandwich Islands,--mixed in blood, but one in +Christ,--should be regarded as a centre of light and influence for the +large number of inhabited but benighted Islands scattered over the far +and vast WEST of the Pacific Ocean. This missionary enterprise in the +insular world beyond, besides its intrinsic importance, is among the +necessary means, by its reacting influence, of raising the Hawaiian +churches to the point of self-support and self-control; and its value, +in this view, is already delightfully evident. The pecuniary means for +supporting missionaries in Micronesia who are sent from the United +States, must of course come in great measure from this country; but the +support of missionaries and native assistants drawn from the Hawaiian +churches, (as well as much of the labor connected with the details of +the business,) may be thrown upon the 'Hawaiian Missionary Society,' +which is independent of the American Board; and no small portion of the +missionaries may at length be obtained from among the _alumni_ of the +_Oahu College_. Dr. Gulick, one of the first missionaries to Micronesia, +is the son of a missionary at the Sandwich Islands, though educated in +the United States; and the missionary children at the Islands are +associated together to provide among themselves the means for his +support. When the missionary ship, to be called the 'Morning Star,' +which has been requested for the mission in Micronesia, is actually in +those seas, the proposed institution for educating missionaries inured +to the people and climate, will become a still more valuable auxiliary. + + +Thus we see, that the reasonable endowment of the Oahu College will be a +good use of money for the upbuilding of Christ's kingdom at the Sandwich +Islands, and for extending that kingdom through the islands of the great +ocean beyond. + + +_Funds and Buildings of the College._ + +The value of the property now belonging to the Oahu College, derived +chiefly through the American Board, is estimated as follows: + + Three hundred acres of land, $9,000 + College building, two stories, 7,000 + Two dwelling houses, 6,000 + Twelve lodging rooms, 2,000 + Dining room, kitchen, etc., 1,000 + Out-houses, 500 + Farming implements, herds, etc., 1,500 + ------- + Total, $27,000 + +The land on which the buildings stand has an excellent and valuable +spring of water, sufficient to irrigate it. There are one hundred acres +in this lot, all enclosed by a good stone wall, and in part under +cultivation. Another hundred acres adjoining, is also enclosed with a +stone wall, and is devoted to pasturage. Another hundred acres of +woodland lies about two miles distant. The buildings will suffice for +the present. + +An observer, familiar with the college edifices of the United States, +may hardly be able to recognize a _College_ in what he sees at Punahou. +But what there is surpasses what were the _visible beginnings_ of either +Harvard, or Yale. Until the present time, moreover, there has been only +a preparatory school. The first college class, and that a small one, +commences the present year. A number of young men, once at Punahou, who +would perhaps have been in the College had there been one, are at +Williams, Yale, or some other of our American Colleges. Some have +completed their preparations for life's business, and are preachers, +missionaries, merchants, or connected with the government of the +Islands. + + +_The Endowment._ + +The cost of living at the Sandwich Islands has been materially increased +by the settlement and mines of California. Just at present, it may not +be easy to bring the expenses of a family at Punahou within the bounds +recommended for the salaries of the officers of College. The arrangement +for salaries should be based, however, on what we know to be the general +course of things in the world. Fifteen hundred dollars, with the use of +a house, is thought not to be too large a salary for the President of +the Oahu College; and twelve hundred dollars, with the use of a house, +for a Professor. The American Board will pay these two salaries for the +years 1856 and 1857. + +The Trustees propose to raise the sum of _fifty thousand dollars_. This +is not too large a beginning. Of this sum the Hawaiian government +engages to give ten thousand dollars, or one fifth part; on condition +that the remaining forty thousand dollars be raised before July 6, 1858, +and that the King have the right of nominating two of the twelve +trustees of the College. The Prudential Committee have voted to +subscribe five thousand dollars towards the endowment, on behalf of the +American Board, payable in the year 1858. + +It should be understood that, excepting the duty of approval or +disapproval in respect to the election of members on the Board of +Trustees, laid upon the American Board by the Charter for the space of +twenty years, that Board has no connection whatever with the College, +or control of its proceedings. The College is an independent +institution, sustaining no other relation to the Board, than it does to +every other benefactor. + + * * * * * + +The Colleges of New England had generally some benevolent patron +provided for them by Divine Providence;--a Harvard, a Yale, a Dartmouth, +a Brown, a Bowdoin, a Williams; and the Colleges very properly took and +embalmed their names in memory of an enlightened and refined Christian +community. These provided the general endowment. Many liberal men also +funded particular professorships; or gave funds for the education of +young men of talents and character, without the means of obtaining a +liberal education. May the Lord raise up such benefactors for the Oahu +College. That has grown, as the New England Colleges did, out of a great +religious movement and the wonderful blessing of God on that movement. +It has a religious object, and is controlled by a religious influence. +The funds have every practicable guard from perversion. The permanent +necessity for such an institution is apparent in the certainty of a +permanent, rising, influential community on those admirably situated +Islands. The independence of the Hawaiian Nation,--which, under present +circumstances, is most favorable to its development,--is guaranteed by +the United States, Great Britain and France; and the presumption of its +falling under the dominion of a power foreign to us, is too small to +deserve notice; and the influence of the College itself, as already +described, will be one of the most effectual guards against such a +result. There is not a finer climate in all the world. Were it true, +that the native population is still wasting away, the effect of corrupt +commerce in old heathen times, still greater would be the need of such +an institution. A flourishing community of some kind at the Sandwich +Islands, then certainly will be; and the religious influences now at the +Islands will be as available for that community, as hereafter developed, +with whatever elements, as it will be for the one now existing. + +A number of gentlemen have kindly consented, at the request of the +Prudential Committee of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign +Missions, acting for the Trustees of the College, to take charge of the +funds contributed in this country for the Oahu College, (where the +donors do not direct them to be remitted directly to the Trustees at the +Islands;) and they will invest such funds in the United States, and +cause the interest to be remitted annually to the officer of the +corporation legally authorized to receive it. The Trustees for the Fund, +appointed in the first instance by the Prudential Committee, will fill +the vacancies occurring in their own number; and they will be authorized +to transfer the investment of the funds to the Sandwich Islands whenever +they and the Trustees of the College concur in the opinion, that this +can be safely and advantageously effected. + +The following gentlemen compose the Trustees for the Funds to be +invested in the United States; namely,-- + + + HENRY HILL, Esq., of Boston, Mass. + PELATIAH PERIT, Esq., of New York city. + Gen. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Norwich, Conn. + Hon. THOMAS W. WILLIAMS, of New London, Conn. + HENRY P. HAVEN, Esq., of New London, Conn. + JAMES HUNNEWELL, Esq., of Charlestown, Mass. + WILLIAM E. DODGE, Esq., of New York city. + ABNER KINGMAN, Esq., of Boston, Mass. + + +_Boston, August_ 1856. + + +At a meeting of the Trustees of Oahu College, held at Honolulu, Oct. 27, +1856, the following resolutions were adopted with reference to the +appointment of the Trustees for the Funds: + +_Resolved_, 1. That the following gentlemen be and are hereby appointed +Trustees, to receive, take charge of, and invest any funds that may have +been, or hereafter may be contributed, in the United States, for the +endowment of Oahu College; viz., + + + HENRY HILL, Esq., of Boston, Mass. + PELATIAH PERIT, Esq., of New York city. + Gen. WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Norwich, Conn. + Hon. THOMAS W. WILLIAMS, of New London, Conn. + HENRY P. HAVEN, Esq., of New London, Conn. + JAMES HUNNEWELL, Esq., of Charlestown, Mass. + WILLIAM E. DODGE, Esq., of New York city. + ABNER KINGMAN, Esq., of Boston, Mass. + + +_Resolved_, 2. That the Trustees appointed by the foregoing resolution +be and are hereby authorized to fill all vacancies occurring in their +own number; and that they be and are also further authorized to transfer +the investment of any funds that may be received by them for the +endowment of Oahu College, to the Sandwich Islands, whenever they and +the Trustees of the said College concur in the opinion, that this can be +safely and advantageously done. + + * * * * * + +The President of the College is now in this country +to act for the Board of Trustees, under the following +commission: + + + _Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, Feb_. 26, 1857. + +Know all persons to whom these presents may come, that the Rev. Edward +Griffin Beckwith, President of Oahu College, is duly appointed and +authorized by the Board of Trustees of this Institution to act as their +agent in procuring funds, instructors, and books for the same; and to +promote its general interests in all such ways as may be in his power, +during his contemplated visit to the United States. + +To this end, the Trustees of the College hereby bespeak for him the kind +regards and co-operation of all the friends of education and religion +with whom he may meet during his mission. + + R. ARMSTRONG, + + _Sec'y of Board of Trustees_. + + +At a meeting of the Trustees for the Fund, held in Boston, May 28, 1857, +it was + +_Resolved_, That the Rev. E. G. Beckwith, President of Oahu College, now +in this country for the purpose of obtaining an endowment for that now +and important Institution at the Sandwich Islands, be earnestly +commended, by the Trustees for the Fund it is proposed to raise for the +College in this country, to the liberal patronage of those who would +promote the cause of education at the Islands, and thus give stability +and perpetuity to the civil and Christian institutions which have been +so successfully introduced into that part of the world; with the +understanding, that the investment of the Fund be made under the +direction of the aforesaid Trustees residing in the United States. + + ABNER KINGMAN, _Clerk_. + + +The following is the form of subscription, which it is proposed to +circulate among the friends of this enterprise: + +We, the undersigned, subscribe the several sums set to our respective +names, towards a Fund for the endowment of the Oahu College, in the +Sandwich Islands, which Fund is to be invested under the direction of a +Board of Trustees in the United States appointed for this purpose by the +Trustees of the College; and the income arising therefrom to be annually +appropriated to the support of said institution. Provided always, that +no portion of said subscriptions, or any of the income arising +therefrom, shall be used for the promotion of any system or course of +education not in accordance with the Sixth Article of the present +Charter of the said College. + + * * * * * + +Article Sixth of the Charter, reads as follows: + +"Be it hereby further known, that, as the object of the Institution is +the training of youth in the various branches of a Christian education, +and, as it is reasonable that the Christian education should be in +conformity to the general views of the founders and patrons of the +Institution, no course of instruction shall be deemed lawful in said +Institution, which is not accordant with the principles of Protestant +Evangelical Christianity, as held by that body of Protestant Christians, +in the United States of America, which originated the Christian Mission +to these Islands, and to whose labors and benevolent contributions the +people of these Islands are so greatly indebted." + + * * * * * + +HENRY HILL, Esq., of Boston, Mass., Chairman of the Trustees for the +Fund, is Treasurer of said Board of Trustees, and all remittances for +the College can be made to him, at his office, 118 Milk St. + + +_Boston, June_ 1, 1857. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Oahu College at the Sandwich +Islands, by Punahou School + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE OAHU COLLEGE *** + +***** This file should be named 20669.txt or 20669.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/0/6/6/20669/ + +Produced by Bryan Ness and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by the +University of Michigan Making of America Collection) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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