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diff --git a/23205.txt b/23205.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4f7119 --- /dev/null +++ b/23205.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3242 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 26, 2007 [EBook #23205] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{177} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 71.] +SATURDAY, MARCH 8. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + On Two Passages in "All's Well that Ends Well," by + S. W. Singer 177 + + George Herbert and the Church of Leighton Bromswold 178 + + Folk Lore:--Sacramental Wine--"Snail, Snail, come + out of your Hole"--Nievie-nick-nack 179 + + Records at Malta 180 + + On an Ancient MS. of "Bedae Historia Ecclesiastica" 180 + + Minor Queries:--The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes-- + Writing-paper--Little Casterton (Rutland) + Church--The Hippopotamus--Specimens of Foreign + English--St. Clare--Dr. Dodd--Hats of Cardinals + and Notaries Apostolic--Baron Munchausen's Frozen + Horn--Contracted Names of Places 181 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bibliographical Queries 182 + + Enigmatical Epitaph 184 + + Shakspeare's "Merchant of Venice" 185 + + Minor Queries:--Was Lord Howard of Effingham a + Protestant or a Papist?--Lord Bexley: how descended + from Cromwell--Earl of Shaftesbury--Family of + Peyton--"La Rose nait en un Moment"--John + Collard the Logician--Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan-- + Haybands in Seals--Edmund Prideaux, and the + First Post-office--William Tell Legend--Arms of + Cottons buried in Landwade Church--Sir George + Buc's Treatise on the Stage--A Cracowe Pike--St. + Thomas of Trunnions--Paper mill near Stevenage-- + Mounds, Munts, Mounts--Church Chests--The + Cross-bill--Iovanni Volpe--Auriga--To speak in + Lutestring--"Lavora, come se tu," &c.--Tomb of + Chaucer--Family of Clench 185 + + REPLIES:-- + + Cranmer's Descendants 188 + + Dutch Popular Song-book, by J. H. van Lennep 189 + + Barons of Hugh Lupus 189 + + Shakspeare's "Antony and Cleopatra" 190 + + "Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon!" 191 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Ulm Manuscript--Harrison's + Chronology--Mistletoe on Oaks--Swearing by + Swans--Jurare ad caput animalium--Ten Children + at a Birth--Richard Standfast--"Jurat, crede minus"-- + Rab Surdam--The Scaligers--Lincoln Missal-- + By-and-bye--Gregory the Great--True Blue-- + Drachmarus--The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex-- + Red Hand--Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe-- + Meaning of Waste-book--Deus Justificatus-- + Touchstone's Dial--Ring Dials--Cockade--Rudbeck's + Atlantica, &c. 191 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 198 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 199 + + Notices to Correspondents 199 + + Advertisements 200 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ON TWO PASSAGES IN "ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL." + +Among the few passages in Shakspeare upon which little light has been +thrown, after all that has been written about them, are the following in +Act. IV. Sc. 2. of _All's Well that Ends Well_, where Bertram is persuading +Diana to yield to his desires: + + "_Bert._ I pr'ythee, do not strive against my vows: + I was compell'd to her; but I love thee + By love's own sweet constraint, and will for ever + Do thee all rights of service. + + _Dia._ Ay, so you serve us, + Till we serve you: but when you have our roses, + You barely leave our thorns to prick ourselves, + And mock us with our bareness. + + _Bert._ How have I sworn? + + _Dia._ 'Tis not the many oaths that make the truth; + But the plain single vow, that is vow'd true. + What is not holy, that we swear not by, + But take the Highest to witness: Then, pray you, tell me, + If I should swear by Jove's great attributes, + I love'd you dearly, would you believe my oaths, + When I did love you ill? this has no holding, + To swear by him _whom I protest to love_, + That I will work against him." + +Read--"_when_ I protest to _Love_." + +It is evident that Diana refers to Bertram's double vows, his marriage vow, +and the subsequent vow or _protest_ he had made not to keep it. "If I +should swear by Jove I loved you dearly, would you believe my oath when I +loved you ill? This has no consistency, to swear by _Jove_, when secretly I +protest to _Love_ that I will work against him (_i.e._ against the oath I +have taken to Jove)." + +Bertram had _sworn by the Highest_ to love his wife; in his letter to his +mother he says: + + "I have wedded her, not bedded her, and sworn to make the _not_ + eternal:" + +he secretly _protests to Love_ to work against his sacred oath; and in his +following speech he says: + + "Be not so cruel-holy, Love is holy." + +He had before said: + + "----do not strive against my vows: + I was compell'd to her; but I love thee + By Love's own sweet constraint:" + +clearly indicating that this must be the true sense of the passage. By +printing _when_ for _whom_, and _Love_ with a capital letter, to indicate +the personification, all is made clear. {178} + +After further argument from Bertram, Diana answers: + + "I see that men _make ropes in such a scarre_ + That we'll forsake ourselves." + +This Rowe altered to "make _hopes_ in such _affairs_," and Malone to "make +_hopes_ in such _a scene_." Others, and among them Mr. Knight and Mr. +Collier, retain the old reading, and vainly endeavour to give it a meaning, +understanding the word _scarre_ to signify a _rock_ or _cliff_, with which +it has nothing to do in this passage. There can be no doubt that "make +_ropes_" is a misprint for "make _hopes_," which is evidently required by +the context, "that we'll forsake ourselves." It then only remains to show +what is meant by _a scarre_, which signifies here _anything that causes +surprise or alarm_; what we should now write _a scare_. Shakspeare has used +the same orthography, _scarr'd_, i.e. _scared_, in _Coriolanus_ and in +_Winter's Tale_. There is also abundant evidence that this was its old +orthography, indicative of the broad sound the word then had, and which it +still retains in the north. Palsgrave has both the noun and the verb in +this form: "_Scarre_, to _scar_ crowes, espouventail." And again, "I +_scarre_ away or feare away, as a man doth crowes or such like; je +escarmouche." The French word might lead to the conclusion that _a scarre_ +might be used for _a skirmish_. (See Cotgrave in v. Escarmouche.) I once +thought we should read "in such a _warre_," _i.e._ conflict. + +In Minshen's _Guide to the Tongues_, we have: + + "To SCARRE, videtur confictum ex _sono_ oves vel aliud quid abigentium + et terrorem illis incutientium. Gall. _Ahurir_ ratione eadem:" vi. _to + feare, to fright_. + +Objections have been made to the expression "make hopes;" but the poet +himself in _King Henry VIII._ has "more than I dare _make faults_," and +repeats the phrase in one of his sonnets: surely there is nothing more +singular in it than in the common French idiom, "_faire des esperances_." + +S. W. SINGER. + + * * * * * + +GEORGE HERBERT AND THE CHURCH AT LEIGHTON BROMSWOLD. + +(Vol. iii., p. 85.) + +I have great pleasure in laying before your readers the following +particulars, which I collected on a journey to Leighton Bromswold, +undertaken for the purpose of satisfying the Query of E. H. If they will +turn to _A Priest to the Temple_, ch. xiii., they will find the points to +which, with others, my attention was more especially directed. + +Leighton Church consists of a western tower, nave, north and south porches +and transepts, and chancel. There are no aisles. As Prebendary of the +Prebend of Leighton Ecclesia in Lincoln Cathedral, George Herbert was +entitled to an estate in the parish, and it was no doubt a portion of the +increase of this property that he devoted to the repairing and beautifying +of the House of God, then "lying desolate," and unfit for the celebration +of divine service. Good Izaak Walton, writing evidently upon hearsay +information, and not of his own personal knowledge, was in error if he +supposed, as from his language he appears to have done, that George Herbert +almost rebuilt the church from the foundation, and he must be held to be +incorrect in describing that part of it which stood as "so decayed, so +_little_, and so useless." There are portions remaining earlier than George +Herbert's time, whose work may be readily distinguished by at least four +centuries; whilst at one end the porches, and at the other the piscina, of +Early English date, the windows, which are of different styles, and the +buttresses, afford sufficient proofs that the existing walls are the +original, and that in size the church has remained unaltered for ages. As +George Herbert new roofed the sacred edifice throughout, we may infer this +was the chief structural repair necessary. He also erected the present +tower, the font, put four windows in the chancel, and reseated the parts +then used by the congregation. + +Except a western organ gallery erected in 1840, two pews underneath it, and +one elsewhere, these parts, the nave and transepts, remain, in all +probability, exactly as George Herbert left them. The seats are all +uniform, of oak, and of the good old open fashion made in the style of the +seventeenth century. They are so arranged, both in the nave and in the +transepts, that no person in service time turns his back either upon the +altar or upon the minister. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. ii., p. 397.) +The pulpit against the north, and the reading-desk, with clerk's seat +attached, against the south side of the chancel-arch, are both of the same +height, and exactly similar in every respect; both have sounding-boards. +The font is placed at the west end of the nave, and, together with its +cover, is part of George Herbert's work; it stands on a single step, and a +drain carries off the water, as in ancient examples. The shallowness of the +basin surprised me. A vestry, corresponding in style to the seats, is +formed by a wooden inclosure in the south transept, which contains "a +strong and decent chest." Until the erection of the gallery, the tower was +open to the nave. + +The chancel, which is raised one step above the nave, is now partly filled +with high pews, but, as arranged by the pious prebendary, it is believed to +have contained only one low bench on either side. The communion table, +which is elevated by three steps above the level of the chancel, is modern, +as are also the rails. There is a double Early English piscina in the south +wall, and an ambry in the north. A plain cross of the seventeenth century +crowns the eastern gable of the chancel externally. + +No doubt there were originally "fit and proper {179} texts of scripture +everywhere painted;" but, if this were so, they are now concealed by the +whitewash. Such are not uncommon in neighbouring churches. No "poor man's +box conveniently seated" remains, but there are indications of its having +been fixed to the back of the bench nearest to the south door. + +The roof is open to the tiles, being, like the seats, Gothic in design and +of seventeenth century execution. The same may be said of the tower, which +is battlemented, and finished off with pinnacles surmounted by balls, and +has a somewhat heavy appearance. But it is solid and substantial, and it is +evident that no expense was spared to make it--so far as the skill of the +time could make it--worthy of its purpose and of the donor. There are five +bells. No. 1. has the inscription: + + "IHS NAZARENVS REX IVDEORVM FILI DEI + MISERERE MEI : GEORGE WOOLF VICAR : + I : MICHELL : C : W : W : N. 1720." + +Nos. 2. 4. and 5. contain the alphabet in Lombardic capitals; but the +inscription and date on each of them,-- + + "THOMAS NOBBIS MADE ME 1641"-- + +show that they are not of the antiquity which generally renders the few +specimens we have of alphabet bells so peculiarly interesting, but probably +they were copied from the bells in the more ancient tower. No. 3. has in +Lombardic capitals the fragment-- + + "ESME: CCATHERINA," + +and is consequently of ante-Reformation date. + +The porches are both of the Early English period, and form therefore a very +noticeable feature. + +On the external walls are several highly ornamented spouts, upon some of +which crosses are figured, and upon one with the date "1632" I discovered +three crests; but as I could not accurately distinguish what they were +intended to represent, I will not run the risk of describing them wrongly. +The wivern, the crest of the Herberts, did not appear; nor, so far as I +could learn, does the fabric itself afford any clue to him who was the +principal author of its restoration. + +The view from the tower is extensive, and, from the number of spires that +are visible, very pleasing: fifteen or sixteen village churches are to be +seen with the naked eye; and I believe that Ely Cathedral, nearly thirty +miles distant, may be discovered with the aid of a telescope. + +ARUN. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Sacramental Wine._--In a remote hamlet of Surrey I recently heard the +following superstition. In a very sickly family, of which the children were +troubled with bad fits, and the poor mother herself is almost half-witted, +an infant newly born seemed to be in a very weakly and unnatural state. One +of the gossips from the neighbouring cottages coming in, with a mysterious +look said, "Sure, the babby wanted _something_,--a drop of the sacrament +wine would do it good." On surprise being expressed at such a notion, she +added "Oh! they often gives it." I do not find any allusion in Brand's +_Antiquities_ to such popular credence. He mentions the superstition in +Berkshire, that a ring made from a piece of silver collected at the +communion (especially that on Easter Sunday) is a cure for convulsions and +fits. + +ALBERT WAY. + +"_Snail, Snail, come out of your Hole_" (Vol. iii., p. 132.).--Your +correspondent S. W. SINGER has brought to my recollection a verse, which I +heard some children singing near Exeter, in July last, and noted down, but +afterwards forgot to send to you:-- + + "Snail, snail, shut out your horns; + Father and mother are dead: + Brother and sister are in the back yard, + Begging for barley bread." + +GEO. E. FRERE. + +Perhaps it would not be uninteresting to add to the records of the +"Snail-charm" (Vol. iii, p. 132.), that in the south of Ireland, also, the +same charm, with a more fanciful and less threatening burden, was used +amongst us children to win from its reserve the startled and offended +snail. We entreated thus:-- + + "Shell a muddy, shell a muddy, + Put out your horns, + For the king's daughter is + Comings to town + With a red petticoat and a green gown!" + +I fear it is impossible to give a clue as to the meaning of the form of +invocation, or who was the royal visitor, so nationally clothed, for whose +sake the snail was expected to be so gracious. + +F. J. H. + +_Nievie-nick-nack._--A fire-side game, well known in Scotland; described by +Jamieson, Chambers, and (last, though not least) John M^cTaggart. The +following version differs from that given by them:-- + + "Nievie, nievie, nick, neck, + Whilk han will thou tak? + Tak the richt, or tak the wrang, + I'll beguile thee if I can." + +It is alluded to by Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's_, iii. 102.; _Blackwood's +Magazine_, August, 1821, p. 37. + +Rabelais mentions _a la nicnoque_ as one of the games played by Guargantua. +This is rendered by Urquhart _Nivinivinack: Transl._, p. 94. Jamieson +(_Supp. to Scot. Dict._, sub voce) adds: + + "The first part of the word seems to be from _Neive_, {180} the fist + being employed in the game. Shall we view _nick_ as allied to the E. + _v._ signifying 'to touch luckily'?" + +Now, there is no such seeming derivation in the first part of the word. The +_Neive_, though employed in the game, is not the object addressed. It is +held out to him who is to guess--the conjuror--_and it is he who is +addressed_, and under a conjuring name. In short (to hazard a wide +conjecture, it may be), he is invoked in the person of NIC NEVILLE (_Neivie +Nic_), a sorcerer in the days of James VI., who was burnt at St. Andrew's +in 1569. If I am right, a curious testimony is furnished to his quondam +popularity among the common people: + + "From that he past to Sanctandrois, where a notable sorceres callit + _Nic Neville_ was condamnit to the death and brynt," &c. &c.--_The + Historie and Life of King Jame the Sext_, p. 40. Edin. 1825. Bannatyne + Club Ed. + +J. D. N. N. + + * * * * * + +RECORDS AT MALTA. + +Let me call _your_ attention, as well as that of your readers (for good may +come from both), to an article in the December No. of the _Archaeological +Journal_, 1850, entitled "Notice of Documents preserved in the Record +Office at Malta;" an article which I feel sure ought to be more publicly +known, both for the sake of the reading world at large, and the high +character bestowed upon the present keeper of those records, M. Luigi +Vella, under whose charge they have been brought to a minute course of +investigation. There may be found here many things worthy of elucidation; +many secret treasures, whether for the archaeologist, bibliopole, or herald, +that only require your widely disseminated "brochure" to bring nearer to +our own homes and our own firesides. It is with this view that I venture to +express a hope, that a _precis_ of that article may not be deemed +irregular; which point, of course, I must leave to your good judgment and +good taste to decide, being a very Tyro in archaeology, and no book-worm +(though I really love a book), so I know nothing of _their_ points of +etiquette. At the same time I must, in justice to Mr. A. Milward (the +writer of the notice, and to whom I have not the honour of being known), +entreat his pardon for the plagiarism, if such it can be called, having +only the common "reciprocation of ideas" at heart; and remain as ever an +humble follower under Captain Cuttle's standard. + +One Corporal WHIP. + + PRECIS of _Documents preserved in Record Office, Malta_. + + Six volumes of Records, parchment, consisting of Charters from + Sovereigns and Princes, Grants of Land, and other documents connected + with the Order of St. John from its establishment by Pope Pascal II., + whose original bull is perfect. + + Two volumes of Papers connected with the Island of Malta before it came + into the possession of the Knights, from year 1397 to beginning of + sixteenth century. + + A book of Privileges of the Maltese, compiled about 200 years ago. + + Several volumes of original letters from men of note: among whom we may + mention, Viceroys of Sicily, Sovereigns of England. One from the + Pretender, dated 1725, from Rome; three from Charles II., and one from + his admiral, John Narbrough. Numerous Processes of Nobility, containing + much of value to many noble families; of these last, Mr. Vella has + taken the trouble of separating, all those referring to any English + families. + + Also a volume of fifteenth century, containing the accounts of the + commanderies. This is a continuation of an older and still more + interesting volume, which is now in the Public Library. + +For further particulars, see _Archaelogical Journal_, December, 1850, p. +369. + + * * * * * + +ON AN ANCIENT MS. OF "BEDAE HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA." + +Some gentleman connected with the cathedral library of Lincoln may possibly +be able to give me some information respecting a MS. copy of the _Historia +Ecclesiastica_ of Beda in my possession, and of which the following +circumstances are therein apparent:--It is plainly a MS. of great +antiquity, on paper, and in folio. On a fly-leaf it has an inscription, +apparently of contemporaneous date, and which is repeated in a more modern +hand on the next page with additions, as follows: + + "Hunc librum legavit Will[=m]s Dadyngton qu^odam Vicarius de Barton sup + humbre ecclie Lincoln ut e[=e]t sub custodia Vicecancellarii." + +Then follows:-- + + "Script[=u] p manus Nic[=o]i Belytt Vicecancellarii iiii^{to} die + m[=e]sis Octob^r Anno Dni milles[=i]mo q[=u]icentessimo decimoqu[=i]to + et Lr[=a] dnicalius G et Anno pp henrici octavi sexto." + +In the hand of John, father of the more celebrated Ralph Thoresby, is +added: + + "Nunc e Libris Jo[/h]is Thoresby de Leedes emp. Executor^{bus} Tho. Dni + Fairfax, 1673." + +Through what hands it may have passed since, I have no means of knowing; +but it came into mine from Mr. J. Wilson, 19. Great May's Buildings, St. +Martin's Lane, London, in whose Catalogue for December, 1831, it appeared, +and was purchased by me for 3l. 3s. + +There it is conjectured to be of the twelfth century, and from the +character there is no reason to doubt that antiquity. It is on paper, and +has been ill-used. It proceeds no farther than into lib. v. c. xii., +otherwise, from the beginning complete. The different public libraries of +the country abound in MSS. of this book. It is probable {181} that, under +the civil commotions in the reign of Charles I. the MS. in my possession +came into the hands of General Fairfax, and thence into those of John +Thoresby: so that no blame can possibly attach to the present, or even some +past, generations, of the curators of any library, whether cathedral or +private. It is, at all events, desirable to trace the pedigree of existing +MSS. of important works, where such information is attainable. + +Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to inform me what became of +the library of Ralph Thoresby; for into his possession, there can be little +doubt, it came from his father. + +J. M. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_The Potter's and Shepherd's Keepsakes._--In the cabinet of a lover of +_Folk-lore_ are two quaint and humble memorials by which two "inglorious +Miltons" have perpetuated their affection, each in characteristic sort. The +one was a potter; the other, probably, a shepherd. The "pignus amoris" of +the former is a small earthenware vessel in the shape of a book, intended +apparently to hold a "nosegay" of flowers. The book has yellow clasps, and +is authentically inscribed on its sides, thus: + + "The. Love. Is. True. + That. I. owe. You. + Then. se. you. Bee. + The. Like. To. Mee. + + (_On the other side._) + + "The. Gift. Is. Small. + Good. will. Is. all. + Jeneuery. y^e 12 day. + 1688." + +The shepherd's love gift is a wooden implement, very neatly carved, and +intended to hold knitting-needles. On the front it has this couplet: + + "WHEN THIS YOV SEE. + REMEMBER MEE. MW. + + (_On one side._) + + MW. 1673." + +To an uninformed mind these sincere records of honest men seem as much +"signs of the times" as the perfumed sonnets dropped by expiring swains +into the vases of "my lady Betty," and "my lady Bab," with a view to +publication. + +H. G. T. + +_Writing-paper._--I have long been subject to what, in my case, I feel to +be a serious annoyance. For the last twenty years I have been unable to +purchase any letter-paper which I can write upon with comfort and +satisfaction. At first, I was allowed to choose between plain and +hot-pressed; but now I find it impossible to meet with any, which is not +glazed or smeared over with some greasy coating, which renders it very +disagreeable for use with a common quill--and I cannot endure a steel pen. +My style of writing, which is a strong round Roman hand, is only suited for +a quill. + +Can any of your correspondents put me in the way of procuring the good +honest letter-paper which I want? I have in vain applied to the stationers +in every town within my reach. Would any of the paper-mills be disposed to +furnish me with a ream or two of the unglazed, plain, and unhotpressed +paper which I am anxious to obtain? + +Whilst I am on this subject, I will take occasion to lament the very great +inferiority of the paper generally which is employed in printing books. It +may have a fine, glossy, smooth appearance, but its texture is so poor and +flimsy, that it soon frays or breaks, without the greatest care; and many +an immortal work is committed to a miserably frail and perishable material! + +A comparison of the books which were printed a century ago, with those of +the present day, will, I conceive, fully establish the complaint which I +venture to make; and I would particularly remark upon the large Bibles and +Prayer Books which are now printed at the Universities for the use of our +churches and chapels, which are exposed to much wear and tear, and ought, +therefore, to be of more substantial and enduring texture, but are of so +flimsy, brittle, and cottony a manufacture, that they require renewing +every three or four years. + +"LAUDATOR TEMPORIS ACTI." + +_Little Casterton (Rutland) Church._--Within the communion rails in the +church of Little Casterton, Rutland, there lies in the pavement (or did +lately) a stone, hollowed out like the basin or drain of a piscina, which +some church-hunters have supposed to be a piscina, and have noticed as a +great singularity. The stone, however, did not originally belong to this +church; it was brought from the neighbouring site of the desecrated church +of Pickworth, by the late Reverend Richard Twopeny, who held the rectory of +Little Casterton upwards of sixty years; he had long seen it lying +neglected among the ruins, and at length brought it to his own church to +save it from destruction. + +It may be interesting to some of your readers to learn that in the chancel +of Little Casterton are monumental brasses of an armed male and a female +figure, the latter on the sinister side, with the following inscription in +black letter:-- + + "Hic jacet D[=n]s Thomas Burto[=n] miles quondam d[=u]s de Tolthorp ac + ecclesiae.... patronus qui obiit kalendas Augusti.... d[=n]a Margeria + uxor ejus sinistris quor[um], a[=i]abus ppicietur deus amen." + +R. C. H. + +_The Hippopotamus_ (Vol. ii., pp. 35. 277.).--I can refer your +correspondent L. (Vol. ii, p. 35.) to one more example of a Greek writer +using the word [Greek: hippopotamos], viz., the Hieroglyphics of Horapollo +Nilous, lib. i. 56. (I quote from the edition by A. T. Cory. Pickering, +1840): {182} + + "[Greek: Adikon de kai achariston, hippopotamou onuchas duo, kato + blepontas, graphousin]." + +He there mentions the idea of the animal contending against his father, +&c.; and as he flourished in the beginning of the fifth century, it is +probable that he is the source from which Damascius took the story. + +I have in my cabinet a large brass coin of the Empress Ptacilia Severa, +wife of Philip, on which is depicted the Hippopotamus, with the legend +SAECVLARES. AVGG., showing it to have been exhibited at the saecular games. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Specimens of Foreign English._--Several ludicrous examples have of late +been communicated (see Vol. ii., pp. 57. 138.), but none, perhaps, +comparable with the following, which I copied about two years since at +Havre, from a Polyglot advertisement of various Local Regulations, for the +convenience of persons visiting that favourite watering-place. Amongst +these it was stated that-- + + _"Un arrangement peut se faire avec le pilote, pour de promenades a + rames."_ + +Of this the following most literal version was enounced,-- + + "One arrangement can make himself with the pilot for the walking with + _roars_" (sic). + +ALBERT WAY. + +_St. Clare._--In the interesting and amusing volume of _Rambles beyond +Railways_, M. W. Wilkie Collins has attributed the church of St. Cleer in +Cornwall, with its Well and ruined Oratory, to St. Clare, the heroic Virgin +of Assisi; but in the elegant and useful _Calendar of the Anglican Church_, +the same church is ascribed to St. Clair, the Martyr of Rouen. My own +impression is, that the latter is correct; but I note the circumstance, +that some of your readers better informed than myself, may be enabled to +answer the Query, which is the right ascription? When Mr. Collins alluded +to the fate of Bishop Hippo, devoured by rats, I presume he means Bishop +Hatto, commemorated in the "Legends of the Rhine." + +BERIAH BOTFIELD. + + Norton Hall, Feb. 14. 1851. + +_Dr. Dodd._--On the 13th February, 1775, Dr. Dodd was inducted to the +vicarage of Wing, Bucks, on the presentation of the Earl of Chesterfield. +On the 8th February, 1777, he was arrested for forging the Earl's bond. Dr. +Dodd never resided at Wing; but, during the short period he held the +living, he preached there four times. The tradition of the parish is, that +on those occasions he preached from the following texts; all of them +remarkable, and the second and fourth especially so with reference to the +subsequent fate of the unhappy man, whose feelings they may reasonably be +supposed to embody. + +The texts are as follows:-- + + 1 _Corinthians_ xvi. 22. "If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, + let him be Anathema Maran-atha." + + _Micah_ vii. 8. "Rejoice not against me, O mine enemy; when I fall, I + shall arise; when I sit in darkness, the Lord shall be a light unto + me." + + _Psalm_ cxxxix. 1, 2. "O Lord, thou hast searched me and known me. Thou + knowest my down-sitting and mine up-rising, thou understandest my + thought afar off." + + _Deuteronomy_ xxviii. 65, 66, 67. "And among these nations thou shalt + find no ease, neither shall the sole of thy foot have rest; but the + Lord shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and + sorrow of mind: and thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou + shalt fear day and night, and shalt have none assurance of thy life: In + the morning thou shalt say, Would God it were even! and at even thou + shalt say, Would God it were morning! for the fear of thine heart + wherewith thou shalt fear, and for the sight of thine eyes which thou + shalt see." + +Q. D. + +_Hats of Cardinals and Notaries Apostolic_ (Vol. iii. p. 169.).--An +instance occurs in a MS. in this college (L. 10. p. 60.) circa temp. Hen. +VIII., of the arms of "Doctor Willm. Haryngton, prothonotaire apostolik," +ensigned with a black hat, having three tassels pendant on each side: these +appendages, however, are somewhat different to those attached to the +Cardinal's hat, the cords or strings not being _fretty_. I have seen +somewhere a series of arms having the same insignia; but, at present, I +cannot say where. + +THOS WM. KING, YORK HERALD. + + College of Arms, Feb. 17. 1851. + +_Baron Munchausen's Frozen Horn._-- + + "Till the Holy Ghost came to thaw their memories, that the words of + Christ, like the voice in Plutarch that had become frozen, might at + length become audible."--Hammond's _Sermons_, xvii. + +These were first published in 1648. + +E. H. + +_Contracted Names of Places._--Kirton for Crediton, Devon; Wilscombe for +Wiveliscombe, Somersetshire; Brighton for Brighthelmstone, Sussex; Pomfret +for Pontefract, Yorkshire; Gloster for Gloucester. + +J. W. H. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL QUERIES. + +(_Continued from_ Vol. iii., p. 139.) + +(43.) Is there any valid reason for not dating the publication of some of +Gerson's treatises at Cologne earlier than the year 1470? and if good cause +cannot be shown for withholding from them so high a rank in the scale of +typographic being, must we not instantly reject every effort to extenuate +Marchand's obtuseness in asserting with reference to Ulric Zell, "On ne +voit des editions de ce Zell qu'en 1494?" (_Hist. de l'Imp._, p. 56.) {183} +Schelhorn's opinion as to the birthright of these tracts is sufficient to +awaken an interest concerning them, for he conceived that they should be +classed among the earliest works executed with cut moveable characters. +(_Diat. ad Card. Quirini lib._, p. 25. Cf. Seemiller, i. 105.) So far as I +can judge, an adequate measure of seniority has not been generally assigned +to these Zellian specimens of printing, if it be granted "Coloniam +Agrippinam post Moguntinenses primum recepisse artem." (Meerman, ii. 106.) +This writer's representation, in his ninth plate, of the type used in 1467, +supplies us with ground for a complete conviction that these undated +Gersonian manuals are at least as old as the _Augustinus de singularitate +clericorum_. But why are they not older? Is there any document which has a +stronger conjectural claim? Van de Velde's _Catalogue_, tome i. Gand, 1831, +contains notices of some of them; and one volume before me has the first +initial letter principally in blue and gold, the rest in red, and all +elaborated with a pen. The most unevenly printed, and therefore, I suppose, +the primitial gem, is the _Tractatus de mendicitate spirituali_, in which +not only rubiform capitals, but whole words, have been inserted by a +chirographer. It is, says Van de Velde, (the former possessor,) on the +fly-leaf, "sans chiffres et reclames, en longues lignes de 27 lignes sur +les pages entieres." The full stop employed is a sort of twofold, +recumbent, circumflex or caret; and the most eminent watermark in the paper +is a Unicorn, bearing a much more suitable antelopian weapon than is that +awkwardly horizontal horn prefixed by Dr. Dibdin to the Oryx in profile +which he has depicted in plate vi. appertaining to his life of Caxton: +_Typographical Antiquities_, vol. i. + +(44.) Wherein do the ordinary _Hymni et Sequentiae_ differ from those +according to the use of Sarum? Whose is the oldest _Expositio_ commonly +attached to both? and respecting it did Badius, in 1502, accomplish much +beyond a revision and an amendment of the style? Was not Pynson, in 1497, +the printer of the folio edition of the Hymns and Sequences entered in Mr. +Dickinson's valuable _List of English Service-Books_, p. 8.; or is there +inaccuracy in the succeeding line? Lastly, was the titular woodcut in +Julian Notary's impression, A.D. 1504 (Dibdin, ii. 580.), derived from the +decoration of the _Hymnarius_, and the _Textus Sequentiarum cum optimo +commento_, set forth at Delft by Christian Snellaert, in 1496? From the +first page of the latter we receive the following accession to our +philological knowledge: + + "Diabolus dicitur a _dia_, quod est duo, et _bolos_ morsus; quasi + dupliciter mordens; quia laedit hominem in corpore et anima." + +(45.) (1.) In what edition of the Salisbury Missal did the amusing errors +in the "Ordo Sponsalium" first occur; and how long were they continued? I +allude to the husband's obligation, "to haue and to holde fro thys day +_wafor beter_ for wurs," &c., and to the wife's prudential promise, "to +haue et to holde _for thys day_." (2.) Are there any vellum leaves in any +copy in England of the folio impression very beautifully printed _en rouge +et noir_ "in alma Parisiorum academia," die x. Kal. April, 1510? + +(46.) On the 11th of last month (Jan.) somebody advertised in "NOTES AND +QUERIES" for _Foxes and Firebrands_. In these days of trouble and rebuke, +when (if we may judge from a recent article savouring of Neal's second +volume) it seems to be expected that English gentlemen will, in a Magazine +that bears their name, be pleased with a rechauffe of democratic obloquy +upon the character of the great reformer of their church, and will look +with favour upon _Canterburies Doome_, would it not be desirable that +Robert Ware's (and Nalson's) curious and important work should be +republished? If a reprint of it were to be undertaken, I would direct +attention to a copy in my possession of "The Third and Last Part," Lond. +1689, which has many alterations marked in MS. for a new edition, and which +exhibits the autograph of Henry Ware. + +(47.) Was COHAUSEN the composer of "Clericus Deperrucatus; sive, in +fictitiis Clericorum Comis moderni seculi ostensa et explosa Vanitas: Cum +Figuris: Autore ANNOEO RHISENNO VECCHIO, Doctore Romano-Catholico," printed +at Amsterdam, and inscribed to Pope Benedict XIII.? One of the +well-finished copperplates, page 12., represents "_Monsieur l'Abbe prenant +du Tabac_." + +(48.) Where can a copy of the earliest edition of the _Testamentum XII. +Patriarcharum_ be found? for if one had been easily obtainable, Grabe, +Cave, Oudin, and Wharton (_Ang. Sac._ ii. 345.) would not have treated the +third impression as the first; and let it be noted by the way that "Clerico +_Elichero_" in Wharton must be a mistake for "Clerico _Nicolao_." Moreover, +how did the excellent Fabricius (_Bibl. med. et inf. Latin._, and also +_Cod. Pseudepig. V. T._, i. 758.) happen to connect Menradus Moltherus with +the _editio princeps_ of 1483? It is certain that this writer's letter to +Secerius, accompanying a transcript of Bishop Grossetete's version, which +immediately came forth at Haguenau, was concluded "postridie Non. Januar. +M.D.XXXII." + +(49.) (1.) Who was the bibliopolist with whom originated the pernicious +scheme of adapting newly printed title-pages to books which had had a +previous existence? Sometimes the deception may be discerned even at a +glance: for example, without the loss of many seconds, and by the aspect of +a single letter, (the long s,) we can perceive the falsehood of the +imprint, "Parisiis, apud Paul Mellier, 1842," together with "S.-Clodoaldi, +e typographeo Belin-Mandar," grafted upon tome i. {184} of the Benedictine +edition of S. Gregory Nazianzen's works, which had been actually issued in +1778. Very frequently, however, the comparison of professedly different +impressions requires, before they can be safely pronounced to be identical, +the protracted scrutiny of a practised eye. An inattentive observer could +not be conscious that the works of Sir James Ware, translated and improved +by Harris, and apparently the progeny of the year 1764, (the only edition, +and that but a spurious one, recorded in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_,) +have been skilfully tampered with, and should be justly restored--the first +volume to 1739, the second to 1745. + +(2.) We must admit that a bookseller gifted with mature sapience will very +rarely, or never, be such an amateur in expensive methods of bamboozling, +as to prefer having recourse to the title-page expedient, if he could +flatter himself that his purpose would be likely to be effected simply by +_doctoring the date_; and thus a question springs up, akin to the former +one, How great is the antiquity of this timeserving device? At this moment, +trusting only to memory, I am not able to adduce an instance of the +depravation anterior to the year 1606, when Dr. James's _Bellum Papale_ was +put forth in London as a new book, though in reality there was no novelty +connected with it, except that the last 0 in 1600 (the authentic date) had +been compelled by penmanship to cease to be a dead letter, and to germinate +into a 6. + +(3.) If neither the judicious naturalisation of a title-page, nor the +dexterous corruption of the year in which a work was honestly produced, +should avail to eliminate "the stock in hand," _res ad Triarios +rediit_--there is but one contrivance left. This is, to give to the +ill-fated hoard _another name_; in the hope that a proverb properly +belonging to a rose may be superabundantly verified in the case of an old +book. What Anglo-Saxon scholar has not studied "_Divers Ancient +Monuments_," revived in 1638? and yet perhaps scarcely any one is aware +that the appellation is entirely deceptive, and that no such collection was +printed at that period. The inestimable remains of AElfric, edited by L'Isle +in 1623, and then entitled, "_A Saxon Treatise concerning the Old and New +Testament_," together with a reprint of the "_Testimonie of Antiquitie_," +(sanctioned by Archbishop Parker in 1567,) had merely submitted to +substitutes for the first two leaves with which they had been ushered into +the world, and after fifteen years the unsuspecting public were beguiled. +When was this system of misnomers introduced? and can a more signal +specimen of this kind of shamelessness be mentioned than that which is +afforded by the fate of Thorndike's _De ratione ac jure finiendi +Controversias Ecclesiae Disputatio_? So this small folio in fours was +designated when it was published, Lond. 1670; but in 1674 it became +_Origines_ _Ecclesiasticae_; and it was metamorphosed into _Restauratio +Ecclesiae_ in 1677. + +(50.) Dr. Dibdin (_Typ. Antiq._ iii. 350.) has thus spoken of a quarto +treatise, _De autoritate, officio, et potestate Pastorum +ecclesiasticorum_:-- + + "This very scarce book is anonymous, and has neither date, printer's + name, nor place; but being bound up with two other tracts of + Berthelet's printing _are my reasons_ for giving it a place here." + +The argument and the language in this sentence are pretty nearly on a par; +for as misery makes men acquainted with dissimilar companions, why may not +parsimony conglutinate heterogeneous compositions? I venture to deny +altogether that the engraved border on the title-page was executed by an +English artist. It seems rather to be an original imitation of Holbein's +design: and as regards the date, can we not perceive what was meant for a +modest "1530" on a standard borne by one of the boys in procession? In +Simler's Gesnerian _Bibliotheca_ SIMON HESS (let me reiterate the question, +Who was he?) is registered as the author; and of his work we read, "Liber +impressus in Germania." This observation will determine its locality to a +certain extent; and the tractate may be instantly distinguished from all +others on the same subject by the presence of the following alliterative +frontispiece:-- + + "Primus Papa, potens Pastor, pietate paterna, + Petrus, perfectam plebem pascendo paravit. + Posthabito plures populo, privata petentes, + Pinguia Pontifices, perdunt proh pascua plebis." + +R. G. + + * * * * * + +ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH. + +In the church of Middleton Tyas, in the North Riding of the county, there +is the following extraordinary inscription on the monument of a learned +incumbent of that parish:-- + + "This Monument rescues from oblivion the Remains of the Rev. John + Mawer, D.D., late Vicar of this Parish, who died Nov. 18th, 1763, aged + 60. The doctor was descended from the royal family of Mawer, and was + inferior to none of his illustrious ancestors in personal merit, being + the greatest linguist this nation ever produced. He was able to write + and speak twenty-two languages, and particularly excelled in the + Eastern tongues, in which he proposed to his Royal Highness Frederick + Prince of Wales, to whom he was firmly attached, to propagate the + Christian religion in the Abyssinian empire,--a great and noble design, + which was frustrated by the death of that amiable prince." + +Whitaker, after giving the epitaph verbatim in his _History of +Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 234., says: + + "This extraordinary personage, who may seem to have been qualified for + the office of universal interpreter to all the nations upon earth, + appears, {185} notwithstanding, to have been unaware that the Christian + religion, in however degraded a form, has long been professed in + Abyssinia. With respect to the royal line of Mawer I was long + distressed, till, by great good fortune, I discovered that it was no + other than that of old King Coyl." + +As I happen to feel an interest in the subject which disinclines me to rest +satisfied with the foregoing hasty--not to say flippant explanation of the +learned historian, I am anxious to inquire whether or not any reader of the +"NOTES AND QUERIES" can throw light on the history, and especially the +genealogy, of this worthy and amiable divine? While I have reason to +believe that Dr. Mawer was about the last person in the world to have +composed the foregoing eulogy on his own character, I cannot believe that +the allusion to illustrious ancestors "is merely a joke," as Whitaker seems +to imply; while it is quite certain that there is nothing in the +inscription to justify the inference that the deceased had been "unaware +that the Christian religion" had "long been professed in Abyssinia:" +indeed, an inference quite the reverse would be quite as legitimate. + +J. H. + + Rotherfield, Feb. 23. 1851. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S "MERCHANT OF VENICE" + +(Act IV. Sc. 1.). + +In the lines-- + + "The quality of Mercy is not strained, + It droppeth, as the gentle rain from heaven, + Upon the place beneath." + +What is the meaning of the word "strained?" The verb _to strain_ is +susceptible of two essentially different interpretations; and the question +is as to which of the two is here intended? On referring to Johnson's +Dictionary, we find, amongst other synonymous terms, _To squeeze through +something; to purify by filtration; to weaken by too much violence; to push +to its utmost strength_. Now, if we substitute either of the two latter +meanings, we shall have an assertion that "Mercy is not weakened by too +much violence (or put to its utmost strength), but droppeth, as the gentle +rain from heaven," &c., where it would require a most discerning editor to +explain the connexion between the two clauses. If, on the other hand, we +take the first two meanings, the passage is capable of being understood, if +nothing else. Beginning with _to squeeze through something_; what would +present itself to our ideas would be, that "Mercy does not fall in one +continuous stream (as would be the case, if _strained_) on one particular +portion of the earth, but expands into a large and universal shower, so as +to spread its influence over the entire globe." This, however, though not +absurd, is, I fear, rather forced. + +To come to the second explanation of _to purify_, which in my opinion is +the most apt, I take it that Shakspeare intended to say, that "Mercy is so +pure and undefiled as to require no cleansing, but falls as gently and +unsullied as the showers from heaven, ere soiled by the impurities of +earth." + +With these few remarks, I shall leave the matter in the hands of those +whose researches into the English language may have been deeper than my +own, with a hope that they may possess time and inclination to promote the +elucidation of a difficulty in one of the most beautiful passages of our +great national bard; a difficulty, by the way, which seems to have escaped +the notice of all the editors and commentators. + +L. S. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Was Lord Howard of Effingham, who commanded in chief against the Spanish +Armada, a Protestant or a Papist?_--On the one hand, it is highly +improbable that Queen Elizabeth should employ a popish commander against +the Spaniards. + +1. The silence of Dr. Lingard and other historians is also negatively in +favour of his being a Protestant. + +But, on the other hand, it has been repeatedly asserted, in both houses of +Parliament, that he was a Papist. + +2. It is _likely_, because his _father_ was the eldest son by his second +wife of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk, and was created Baron Howard of +Effingham by Queen Mary. + +3. Whatever his own religion may have been, he was contemporary with his +cousin, Philip, Earl of Arundel, whom Camden calls the champion of the +Catholics, and whose _violence_ was the cause of his perpetual +imprisonment. + +4. The present Lord Effingham has recently declared that by blood he was +(had always been?) connected with the Roman Catholics. + +Under these and _other_ circumstances, it is a question to be settled by +_evidence_. + +C. H. P. + + Brighton. + +_Lord Bexley--how descended from Cromwell?_--In the notice of the late Lord +Bexley in _The Times_, it is stated that he was _maternally_ descended from +Oliver Cromwell, the Protector, through the family of Cromwell's +son-in-law, Ireton. + +Burke, in his _Peerage_, mentions that Henry Vansittart, father of Lord +Bexley, was governor of Bengal (circa 1770), and that he married Amelia +Morse, daughter of Nicolas Morse, governor of Madras. + +It would therefore appear that this said Nicolas Morse was a descendant of +General Ireton. I wish to ascertain if this assumption be correct; and, if +correct, when and how the families of Morse and Ireton became connected? If +any of your correspondents can furnish information on this {186} subject, +or acquaint me where I can find any account or pedigree of the Morse +family, I shall feel much indebted to them. + +PURSUIVANT. + +_Earl of Shaftesbury._--I have read with great interest Lord Shaftesbury's +letter to Le Clerc, published in No. 67. May I ask your correspondents +JANUS DOUSA and Professor des Amories VAN DER HOVEN, whether the +Remonstrants' library of Amsterdam contains any papers relating to the +first Earl of Shaftesbury, which might have been sent by the third Earl to +Le Clerc; and whether any notices or traditions remain in Amsterdam of the +first Lord Shaftesbury's residence and death in that city? Any information +relative to the first Earl of Shaftesbury will greatly oblige. + +CH. + +_Family of Peyton._--Admiral Joseph Peyton [Post-Captain, December 2, +1757--Admiral, 1787--ob. 1804] was Admiral's First Captain in the fleet +under Darby, at the relief of Gibraltar, 1781. He was son of Commodore +Edward Peyton [Post-Captain, April 4, 1740], who is supposed to have gone +over from England, and settled in America, and there to have died. I should +be very glad of further particulars of these persons. Are my dates correct? +How is this branch of the family (lately represented by John Joseph Peyton, +Esq., of Wakehurst, who married a daughter of Sir East Clayton East, Bart., +and died in 1844, leaving four children minors) connected with the Baronets +Peyton, of Iselham, or Dodington? Who was the father of the above +Commodore? It may aid the inquiry to mention that this branch is related to +the Grenfell family: William Peyton, second son of the above Admiral +Joseph, having married a first cousin of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., M.P. for +Great Marlow (who died in 1833). + +ACHE. + +"_La Rose nait en un Moment._"--I wish to learn the name of the author of +the following verses, and where they are to be found. Any of your +correspondents who can inform me shall receive my sincere thanks:-- + + "La Rose nait en un moment, + En un moment elle est fletrie; + Mais ce que pour vous mon coeur sent, + Ne finira qu'avec ma vie." + +T. H. K. + + Malew, Man. + +_John Collard the Logician._--Could any of your correspondents tell me +where I could find any account of _John Collard_, who wrote three treatises +on Logic:--The first, under the name of _N. Dralloc_ (his name reversed), +_Epitome of Logic_, Johnson, St. Paul's Church Yard, 1795; in his own name, +_Essentials of Logic_, Johnson, 1796; and in 1799, the _Praxis of Logic_. +He is mentioned as _Dralloc_ by Whately and Kirwan; but nobody seems to +have known him as _Collard_ but Levi Hedge, the American writer on that +subject. I made inquiry, some forty years ago, and was informed that he +lived at Birmingham, was a chairmaker by profession, and devoted much of +his time to chemistry; that he was known to and esteemed by Dr. Parr; and +that he was then dead. + +At the close of his preface to his _Praxis_ he says,-- + + "And let me inform the reader also, that this work was not composed in + the pleasant tranquillity of retirement, but under such untoward + circumstances, that the mind was subject to continual interruptions and + vexatious distraction." + +Then he adds,-- + + "I have but little doubt but this _Praxis_ will, at some future period, + find its way into the schools; and though critics should at present + condemn what they have either no patience or inclination to examine, I + feel myself happy in contemplating, that after I am mouldered to dust, + it may assist our reason in this most essential part." + +B. G. + + Feb. 20. 1851. + +_Traherne's Sheriffs of Glamorgan._--Could any of your readers tell me +where I might see a copy of _A List of the Sheriffs of County Glamorgan_, +printed (privately?) by Rev. J. M. Traherne? I have searched the libraries +of the British Museum, the Athenaeum Club, and the Bodleian at Oxford, in +vain. + +EDMOND W. + +_Haybands in Seals._--I have, in a small collection of Sussex deeds, two +which present the following peculiarity: they have the usual slip of +parchment and lump of wax pendant from the lower edge, but the wax, instead +of bearing an armorial figure, a merchant's mark, or any other of the +numerous devices formerly employed in the authentication of deeds instead +of one's chirograph, has neatly inserted into it a small wreath composed of +two or three stalks of grass (or rather hay) carefully plaited, and forming +a circle somewhat less in diameter than a shilling. The deeds, which were +executed in the time of Henry the Seventh, relate to the transfer of small +landed properties. I have no doubt that this diminutive _hayband_ was the +distinctive mark of a grazier or husbandman who did not consider his social +status sufficient to warrant the use of a more regular device by way of +seal. I have seen a few others connected with the same county, and, if I +recollect rightly, of a somewhat earlier date. I shall be glad to ascertain +whether this curious practice was in use in other parts of England. + +M. A. LOWER. + + Lewes. + +_Edmund Prideaux, and the First Post-office._--Polwhele, in his _History of +Cornwall_, says, p. 139.: + + "To our countryman Edmund Prideaux we owe the regular establishment of + the Post-office." + +{187} + +He says again, p. 144.: + +"Edmund Prideaux, Attorney-General to Oliver Cromwell, and _Inventor_ of +the Post-office." + +Now the Edmund spoken of as Attorney-General, was of Ford Abbey, in +Devonshire, and second son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, of Netherton, in the +said county, therefore could not be one of the Cornish branch. + +Query No. 1. Who was the Edmund Prideaux, his countryman, that regularly +established the Post-office? + +Query No. 2. How were letters circulated before his time? + +Query No. 3. Was Edmund Prideaux the Attorney-General, the inventor of the +Post-office, as he states; if not, who was? + +Query No. 4. Has any life of Edmund Prideaux as Attorney-General been +published, or is any account of him to be found in any work? + +G. P. P. + +_William Tell Legend._--Could any of your readers tell me the true origin +of the William Tell apple story? I find the same story told of-- + +(1.) Egil, the father of the famous smith Wayland, who was instructed in +the art of forging metals by two dwarfs of the mountain of Kallova. +(Depping, _Mem. de la Societe des Antiquaires de France_, tom. v. pp. 223. +229.) + +(2.) Saxo Grammaticus, who wrote nearly a century before Tell, tells nearly +the same story of one Toko, who killed Harold. + +(3.) "There was a souldier called Pumher, who, daily through witchcraft, +killed three of his enemies. This was he who shot at a pennie on his son's +head, and made ready another arrow to have slain the Duke Remgrave (? +Rheingraf), who commanded it." (Reginald Scot, 1584.) + +(4.) And Adam Bell, Clym of the Clough, and William of Cloudeslie. + +G. H. R. + +_Arms of Cottons buried in Landwade Church, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 39.).--Will +JONATHAN OLDBUCK, JUN., oblige me by describing the family coat-armour +borne by the Cottons mentioned in his Note? It may facilitate his inquiry, +in which, by the way, I am much interested. + +R. W. C. + +_Sir George Buc's Treatise on the Stage._--What has become of this MS.? Sir +George Buc mentions it in _The Third University of England_, appended to +Stowe's _Annals_, ed. 1631, p. 1082.-- + + "Of this art [the dramatic] have written largely _Petrus Victorius_, + &c.--as it were in vaine for me to say anything of the art; besides, + that _I have written thereof a particular treatise_." + +If this manuscript could be discovered, it would doubtless throw +considerable light upon the Elizabethan drama. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_A Cracowe Pike_ (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--Since I sent you the Query +respecting a _Cracowe Pike_, I have found that I was wrong in supposing it +to be a weapon or spear: for _Cracowe Pikes_ was the name given to the +preposterous "piked shoes," which were fashionable in the reign of Richard +II., and which were so long in the toes that it was necessary to tie them +with chains to the knee, in order to render it possible for the wearer to +walk. Stowe, in his _Chronicle_, tells us that this extravagant fashion was +brought in by Anne of Bohemia, Queen of Richard II. But why were they +called _Cracowe_ pikes? + +I. H. T. + +_St. Thomas of Trunnions._--Who was this saint, and why is he frequently +mentioned in connexion with onions? + + "Nay softe, my maisters, by _Saincte Thomas of Trunions_, + I am not disposed to buy of your _onions_." + _Apius and Virginia_, 1575. + + "And you that delight in trulls and minions, + Come buy my four ropes of hard _S. Thomas's onions_." + _The Hog hath lost his Pearl_, 1614. + + "Buy my rope of onions--white _St. Thomas's onions_," was one of the + cries of London in the seventeenth century. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Paper-mill near Stevenage_ (Vol. ii., p. 473.).--In your number for +December 14, 1850, one of your correspondents, referring to Bartholomeus +_de Prop. Rerum_, mentions a paper-mill near Stevenage, in the county of +Hertford, as being probably the earliest, or one of the earliest, +established in England. I should feel much obliged if your correspondent, +through the medium of your pages, would favour me with any further +particulars on this subject; especially as to the site of this mill, there +being no stream within some miles of Stevenage capable of turning a mill. I +have been unable to find any account of this mill in either of the county +histories. + +HERTFORDIENSIS. + +_Mounds, Munts, Mounts._--In the parish register of Maresfield in Sussex, +there is an entry recording the surrender of a house and three acres of +land, called the "Mounds," in 1574, to the use of the parish; and in the +churchwardens' accounts at Rye, about the same time, it is stated that the +church of Rye was entitled to a rent from certain lands called "Mounts." In +Jevington, too, there are lands belonging to the Earl of Liverpool called +Munts or Mounts, but whether at any time belonging to the church, I am +unable to say. Any information as to the meaning of the word, or account of +its occurring elsewhere, will much oblige + +R. W. B. + +_Church Chests._--A representation of two knights engaged in combat is +sometimes found on ancient church chests. Can any one explain the meaning +of it? Examples occur at Harty Chapel, Kent, and Burgate, Suffolk. The +former is mentioned in the _Glossary of Architecture_, and described as a +carving: the latter is painted only, {188} and one of the knights is +effaced: the other is apparently being unhorsed; he wears a jupon +embroidered in red, and the camail, &c., of the time of Richard II.: a +small shield is held in his left hand: his horse stoops its head, +apparently to water, through which it is slowly pacing. Is this a subject +from the legend of some saint, or from one of the popular romances of the +middle ages? Are any other examples known? + +C. R. M. + +_The Cross-bill._--Is "The Legend of the Cross-bill," translated from +Julius Mosen by Longfellow, a genuine early tradition, or only a fiction of +the poet? + +2. Is the Cross-bill considered in any country as a sacred bird? and was it +ever so used in architectural decoration, illumination, or any other works +of sacred art? + +3. What is the earliest record on evidence of the Cross-bill being known in +England? + +H. G. T. + + Launceston. + +_Iovanni Volpe._--Can any of your readers supply a notice of IOVANNI VOLPE, +mentioned in a MS. nearly cotemporary to have been + + "An Italian doctor, famous in Queen Elizabeth's time, who went with + George Earl of Cumberland most of his sea voyages, and was with him at + the taking of Portorico?" + +Another MS., apparently of the date of James I., describes him as +"physician to Queen Elizabeth." + +He had a daughter, Frances, widow of Richard Evers, Esq. ("of the family of +Evers of Coventry"), who married, 2d November, 1601, Richard Hughes, Esq., +then a younger son, but eventually representative, of the ancient house of +Gwerclas and Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion, in Merionethshire, and died 29th June, +1636. + +M. N. O. + +_Auriga._--How comes the Latin word AURIGA to mean "a charioteer?" + +VARRO. + +_To speak in Lutestring._--1. Philo-Junius--that is, Junius himself--in the +47th Letter, writes: + + "I was led to trouble you with these observations by a passage which, + _to speak in lutestring_, I met with this morning, in the course of my + reading." + +Had the expression in Italics been used before by any one? + +2. In the 56th Letter, addressed to the Duke of Grafton, Junius asks: + + "Is the union of _Blifil_ and _Black George_ no longer a romance?" + +What part of that story is here referred to? + +VARRO. + +"_Lavora, come se tu," &c._--In Bohn's edition of Jeremy Taylor's _Holy +Living and Dying_, I observe in the notes several Italian sentences, mostly +couplets or proverbs. One peculiarly struck me: and I should feel obliged +if any of your readers could tell me whence it was taken, name of author, +&c. The couplet runs thus (Vide p. 182. of the work):-- + + "Lavora, come se tu avessi a camper ogni hora: + Adora, come se tu avessi a morir allora." + +Indeed it would not be amiss, if _all_ the notes were marked with authors' +names or other reference, as I find some few of the Latin quotations as +well as the Greek, and _all_ the Italian ones, require a godfather. + +W. H. P. + +_Tomb of Chaucer._--Are any of the existing English families descended from +the poet Chaucer? If so, might they not fairly be applied to for a +contribution to the proposed restoration of his tomb? His son Thomas +Chaucer left an heiress, married to De la Pole, Duke of Suffolk; but I have +not the means of ascertaining whether any of their posterity are extant. + +C. R. M. + +_Family of Clench._--Can any of your readers supply me with the parentage +and family of _Bruin Clench_ of St. Martin's in the Fields, citizen of +London? He married Catharine, daughter of William Hippesley, Esq., of +Throughley, in Edburton, co. Sussex; and was living in 1686. His christian +name does not appear in the pedigrees of the Clinche or Clench family of +Bealings and Holbrook, co. Suffolk, in the _Heralds' Visitations_, in the +British Museum. His daughter married Roger Donne, Esq., of Ludham, co. +Norfolk, and was the maternal grandmother of the poet Cowper. + +C. R. M. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +CRANMER'S DESCENDANTS. + +(Vol. iii., p. 8.) + +Your correspondent may be interested to know, that Sir Anthony Chester, +Bart., of Chichley, co. Bucks, married, May 21, 1657, Mary, dau. of Samuel +Cranmer, Esq., alderman of London, and sister to Sir Caesar Cranmer, Kt., of +Ashwell, Bucks. This Samuel Cranmer was traditionally the last male heir of +the eldest of Cranmer's sons; his descent is, I believe, stated in general +terms in the epitaphs of Lady Chester, at Chichley, and Sir Caesar Cranmer, +at Ashwell. He was a great London brewer by trade, and married his cousin +Mary (sister of Thomas Wood, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and Sir +Henry Wood, Bart., of the Board of Green Cloth), dau. of Thomas Wood, Esq., +of Hackney, by his wife ---- Cranmer. They had only two children, and it +would appear from Harleian MS. No. 1476. fo. 419., which omits all mention +of Sir Caesar, that he died in his father's lifetime, and that Lady Chester +was sole heiress to this branch of the Cranmers. + +There are two brief pedigrees I have seen of these Cranmers, one in Harl. +MS. 1476. above {189} mentioned, the other in Philipot's _Catalogue of +Knights_; but neither of them goes so far as to connect them with the +archbishop, or even with the Nottinghamshire family; for they both begin +with Samuel Cranmer's grandfather, who is described of Alcester, co. +Warwick. Now the connexion is certain: could one of your readers supply me +with the wanting links? Is it possible that they omit all mention of the +archbishop on account of the prejudice mentioned by your correspondent; +being able to supply the three generations necessary to gentility without +him? + +I am obliged to write without any books of reference, or I would have +consulted the epitaphs in question again. + +R. E. W. + +I am afraid that my quotations from memory, in my letter of Saturday, were +_not exactly correct_; for on examining Lipscomb's _Buckinghamshire_ +to-day, I find that it is stated (vol. iv. pp. 4-7.) on the monument of +Samuel Cranmer at _Astwood Bury_, that he was "descended in a direct line +from Richard Cranmer, elder brother to Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury;" +and that it was found, on an inquisition held on April 7, 1640, that his +son and heir Caesar Cranmer (called on the monument "Sir Caesar Wood At^e +Cranmer, Kt.") was his heir at six years of age. This Caesar was knighted by +Charles II., and died unmarried; so that his sister, Lady Chester, was +evidently the representative of this branch of the Cranmer family. + +Now, with regard to this statement on the monument, in the first place it +is discrepant with Lady Chester's epitaph at Chichley, which (Lipscomb's +_Bucks_, vol. iv. p. 97.) expressly declares that she derived her descent +from the archbishop. In the next place it appears from Thoroton's _Notts_, +that the archbishop had no elder brother named Richard. His elder brother's +name was John; who by Joan, dau. of John Frechevill, Esq., had two sons, +Thomas and _Richard_. Could this be the Richard alluded to? In the third +place, in neither of the pedigrees alluded to is there given any connexion +with the family of Cranmer of Aslacton. And, lastly, it is opposed to the +uniform tradition of the family. Now, if any of your readers can clear up +this difficulty, or will refer me to any other pedigree of the Cranmers, I +shall feel extremely obliged to him. + +With the exception of the points now noticed, my former letter was +perfectly correct, and may be relied on in every respect. + +I may mention that these Cranmers were from Warwickshire. The monument +states that Samuel Cranmer was born at "Aulcester" in that county, "about +the year 1575." + +R. E. W. + + * * * * * + +DUTCH POPULAR SONG-BOOK. + +(Vol. iii., p. 22.) + +The second edition of the song-book mentioned by the HERMIT OF HOLYPORT +must have been published between 1781 and 1810, as the many popular works +printed for S. and W. Koene may testify. In 1798 they lived on the Linde +gracht, but shifted afterwards their dwelling-place to the Boomstraat. For +the above information--about a trifle, interesting enough to call a +_hermit_ from his _memento-mori_ cogitations--I am indebted to the kindness +of Mr. J. J. NIEUWENHUYZEN. + +But, alas! what can I, the man with a _borrowed name_ and borrowed +learning, say in reply to the first Query of the busy anchorite? He will +believe me, when I tell his reverence that I am _not_ JANUS DOUSA. What's +in the name, that I could choose it? Must I confess? A token of grateful +remembrance; the only means of making myself known to a British friend of +my youth, but for whom I would perhaps never have enjoyed MR. HERMIT'S +valuable contributions--the medium, in short, of being recognised +incognito. Will this do? Or must I say, copying a generous correspondent of +"NOTES AND QUERIES,"--Spare my blushes, I am + +J. H. VAN LENNEP. + + Amsterdam, Feb. 25. 1851. + + * * * * * + +BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS. + +(Vol. iii., p. 87.) + +Your correspondent P. asks for information respecting the families and +descendants of William Malbank and Bigod de Loges, two of the Barons of +Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, whose signatures are affixed to the charter of +foundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey at Chester. + +Of the descendants of William Malbank I can learn nothing; but it appears +from the MS. catalogue of the Norman nobility before the Conquest, that +Roger and Robert de Loges possessed lordships in the district of Coutances +in Normandy. One at least, Roger, must have accompanied the Conqueror to +England (and his name appears in the roll of Battle Abbey as given by Fox), +for we find that he held lands in Horley and Burstowe in Surrey. His widow, +Gunuld de Loges, held the manor of Guiting in Gloucestershire of King +William; and in the year 1090 she gave two hides of land to the monastery +of Gloucester to pray for the soul of her husband. Roger had two sons, +Roger and Bigod, or, as he is sometimes called, Robert. The former +inherited the lands in Surrey. One of his descendants (probably his +great-grandson) was high sheriff of Surrey and Sussex in the years 1267, +1268, and 1269. His son Roger de Loges owned lands and tenements in Horley, +called La Bokland, which he sold to the Abbot of {190} Chertsea. His +successor, John de Logge of Burstowe, witnessed in the tenth year of Edward +II. a deed relating to the transfer of land in Hadresham, Surrey. The name +became gradually corrupted to Lodge. + +To return to the subject of inquiry, Bigod de Loges-- + + "held five tenements in Sow of the Earl of Chester, by the service of + conducting the said earl towards the king's court through the midst of + the forest of Cannock, meeting him at Rotford bridge upon his coming, + and at Hopwas bridge on his return. In which forest the earl might, if + he pleased, kill a deer at his coming, and another at his going back: + giving unto Loges each time he should so attend him a barbed arrow. + Hugo de Loges granted to William Bagot all his lands in Sow, to hold of + him the said Hugo and his heirs, by the payment of a pair of white + gloves at the feast of St. Michael yearly."--Dugdale. + +Bigod de Loges had two sons, Hugo and Odardus: + + "Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Ranulphus de Meschines, Earl of + Chester, in the baronies of Stanyton, Wigton, Doudryt, Waverton, + Blencoyd, and Kirkbride, in the county of Cumberland; and the said + Odardus built Wigton church and endowed it. He lived until King John's + time. Henry I. confirmed the grant of the barony to him, by which it is + probable that he lived a hundred years. He had issue Adam. Adam had + issue Odard, the lord, whose son and heir, Adam the Second, died + without issue, and Odard the Fourth likewise," &c.--Denton's _MS._ + +Of the branch settled in Staffordshire and Warwickshire-- + + "Hugo de Loges married, tempo Richard I., Margerie, daughter and + heiress of Robert de Brok. By this marriage Hugo became possessed of + the manor of Casterton in Warwickshire. He was forester of Cannock + chace. He had issue Hugo de Loges, of Chesterton, whose son and heir, + Sir Richard de Loges, died 21st of Edward I. Sir Richard had issue two + sons, Richard and Hugo. The eldest, Richard of Chesterton, left issue + an only daughter, Elizabeth, married to Nicholas de Warwick. The issue + of this marriage was John de Warwick, whose daughter and heiress, + Eleonora, married Sir John de Peto, and brought the manor of Chesterton + into that family."--Dugdale. + +M. J. T. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE'S "ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA." + +(Vol. iii., p. 139.) + +The scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_ contains two expressions which are in +_Henry VIII._-- + + "Learn this, Silius." + "Learn this, brother."--_Hen. VIII._ + + "The Captain's captain." + "To be her Mistress' mistress, the Queen's queen."--_Hen. VIII._ + +The first of these passages is in a scene in _Henry VIII._, which MR. +HICKSON gives to Fletcher (and of which, by-the-bye, it may be observed, +that, like the scene in _Antony and Cleopatra_, it has nothing to do with +the business of the play). The other is in a scene which he gives to +Shakspeare. + +But, perhaps, there may be doubts whether rightly. I am exceedingly +ignorant in Fletcher; but here is a form of expression which occurs twice +in the scene, which, I believe, is more conformable to the practice of +Fletcher:-- + + "_A_ heed was in his countenance." + "And force them with _a_ constancy." + +There is very great stiffness in the versification: one instance is quite +extraordinary: + + "Yet I know her for + A spleeny Lutheran; and not wholesome to + Our cause, that she should lie i' the bosom of + Our hard rul'd king." + +There is great stiffness and tameness in the matter in many places. + +Lastly, what MR. HICKSON hopes he has taken off Shakspeare's shoulders, the +compliments to the Queen and the King, is brought in here most forcedly:-- + + "She (_i.e._ A. Boleyn) is a gallant creature, and complete + In mind and feature. I persuade me, from her + Will fall some blessings to this land, which shall + In it be memoriz'd." + +But there is also the general question, whether, either upon _a priori_ +probability, or inferences derived from particular passages, we are bound +to suppose that the two authors wrote scene by scene. Shakspeare might +surely be allowed to touch up scenes, of which the mass might be written by +Fletcher. + +As to the dates, MR. COLLIER is persuaded that _Henry VIII._ was written in +the winter of 1603-4. The accession of James was in March, 1603. MR. +COLLIER thinks that the compliments to Queen Elizabeth were not written in +her lifetime. He thinks that, even in the last year of her long reign, no +one would have ventured to call her an "aged princess," though merely as a +way of saying that she would have a long reign; and he says, there is not +the slightest evidence that the compliment to King James was an +interpolation. But surely it is strong evidence that if there is no +interpolation, this passage-- + + "As when + The bird of wonder dies, the maiden phoenix," + +afterwards-- + + "When Heav'n shall call her from this cloud of darkness," + +and then, after disposing of the King-- + + "She shall be to the happiness of England + An aged princess . . . + . . . . . . + Would I had known no more--but she must die; + She must--the saints must have her yet a virgin," &c. + +{191} would be ridiculous. All that can be said is, that either way it is +partly ridiculous to make it a matter of prophecy and lamentation that a +human being must, sometime or other, die. + +But it is very difficult to conceive that the compliments to Elizabeth +should have been written after her death. + +Fletcher, born in 1579, did not, in Mr. Dyce's opinion, bring out anything +singly or jointly with Beaumont till 1606 or 1607. + +The irrelevant scenes, like that of Ventidius, are introduced with two +objects--one to gain time, the other for the sake of naturalness: of the +latter of which there are two instances in _Macbeth_; one where the King +talks of the swallows' nests: the other, relating to the English king +touching for the evil, seems remarkably suited to the mind of Shakspeare. + +C. B. + + * * * * * + +"SUN, STAND THOU STILL UPON GIBEON!" + +(JOSH. x. 12.) + +(Vol. iii., p. 137.) + +The observations of I. K. upon this passage have obviously proceeded from a +praiseworthy wish to remove what has appeared to some minds to be +inconsistent with that perfect truth which they expect to be the result of +divine inspiration. I. K. doubtless believes that God put it into the heart +of Joshua to utter a command for the miraculous continuance of daylight. +But why should he expect the inspiration to extend so far as to instruct +Joshua respecting the manner in which that continuance was to be brought +about? Joshua was not to be the worker of the miracle. It was to be wrought +by Him who can as easily stop any part of the stupendous machinery of His +universe, as we can stop the wheels of a watch. Joshua was left to speak, +as he naturally would, in terms well fitted to make those around him +understand, and tell others, that the sun and moon, whom the defeated +people notoriously worshipped, were so far from being able to protect their +worshippers, that they were made to promote their destruction at the +bidding of Joshua, whom God had commissioned to be the scourge of +idolaters. And when the inspired recorder of the miracle wrote that "the +sun stood still," he told what the eyes saw, with the same truth as I might +say that the sun _rose_ before seven this morning. Inspiration was not +bestowed to make men wise in astronomy, but wise unto salvation. + +Those who think that the inspired penman should have said "the earth stood +still," in order to give a perfectly true account of the miracle, have need +to be told, or would do well to remember, that the stopping of the diurnal +revolution of the earth, in order to keep the sun and moon's apparent +places the same, would not involve a cessation of its motion in its orbit, +still less a cessation of that great movement of the whole solar system, by +which it is now more than conjectured that the sun, the moon, and the earth +are all carried on together at the rate of above 3700 miles in an hour; so +that to say "the earth stood still" would be liable to the same objection, +viz., that of not being astronomically true. I. K. carries his notion of +the "inseparable connexion" of the sun "with all planetary motion" too far, +when he supposes that a stoppage of the sun's motion round its own axis +would have any effect on our planet. The note he quotes from Kitto's +_Pictorial Bible_ is anything but satisfactory; and that from Mant is +childishly common-place. Good old Scott adverts with propriety to the +Creator's power to keep all things in their places, when the earth's +revolution was stopped; but when he endeavoured to illustrate it by the +little effect of a ship's _casting anchor when under full sail_, he should +have consulted his friend Newton, who would have stopped such an +imagination. Another commentator, Holden, has argued, in spite of the +Hebrew, that "in the midst of heaven" cannot mean mid-day, having made up +his mind that the moon can never be seen at that hour! + +Such helpers do but make that difficult which, if received in its +simplicity, need neither perplex a child nor a philosopher. + +H. W. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Ulm Manuscript_ (Vol. iii., p. 60.).--The late Bishop Butler's collection +of manuscripts is in the British Museum. I send you a copy of the bishop's +own description of the MS. (which should be called the _St. Gall MS._), +from the printed Catalogue, which was prepared for a sale by auction, +previous to the negociation with the trustees for the purchase of the +collection for the nation. + + "Acta Apostolorum. Epistolae Pauli et Catholicae cum Apocalypsi. Latine. + Saeculi IX. Upon Vellum. 4to. + +The date of this most valuable and important manuscript is preserved by +these verses: + + 'Iste liber Pauli retinet documenta sereni + Hartmodus Gallo quem contulit Abba Beato, + Si quis et hunc Sancti sumit de culmine Galli + Hunc Gallus Paulusque simul dent pestibus amplis.' + +Which I thus have tried to imitate: + + Thys boke conteynes the doctrynes of Seynct Paull, + Hartmodus thabbat yeve yt to Seynct Gall; + Gyf any tak thys boke from hygh Seynct Gall, + Seynct Gall appall hym and Seynct Paull hym gall. + +Hartmodus was Abbot of St. Gall in the Grisons from A.D. 872 to 874. The +MS. therefore may be earlier than the former, but cannot be later than the +latter date. {192} + +This MS. is of the very highest importance. It contains the celebrated +passage of St. John thus: 'Quia tres sunt, qui testimonium dant, Spliritus, +aqua, et sanguis, et tres unum sunt. Sicut in coelo tres sunt, Pater, +Verbum, et Spiritus, et tres unum sunt.' This most important word _Sicut_ +clearly shows how the disputed passage, from having been a Gloss crept into +the text. And on the first page prior to the Seven Catholic Epistles is the +Prologue of St. Jerome, bearing his name in uncials, which Porson and other +learned men think spurious. See Porson's _Letters to Travis_, p. 290."--Bp. +Butler's Manuscript Catalogue. + +H. Foss. + + Rotherhithe, Jan. 29. 1851. + +_Harrison's Chronology_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.).--To the querist on William +Harrison all lovers of bibliography are under obligations. At Oxford, amid +the Bodleian treasures, he could not have had many questions to ask: at +Thurles the case may be much otherwise, and he is entitled to a prompt +reply. + +After examining the _Typographical Antiquities_ of Ames and Herbert, and +various bibliographical works, relying also on my own memory as a collector +of books for more than thirty years, I may venture to assert that the +_Chronology_ of W. Harrison has never been printed. I can further assert +that no copy of the work is recorded in the _Catalogi librorum +manuscriptorum Angliae et Hiberniae_, Oxoniae, 1697. + +The best account of Harrison is given by bishop Tanner, in his _Bibliotheca +Britannico-Hibernica_. Wood, however, should be consulted. With reference +to the events of his life, it is important to observe that the date of his +letter to sir William Brooke, which may be called an autobiography in +miniature, is 1577. + +Assuming that this question could not escape the notice of other +contributors, I had made no researches with a view to answer it, and shall +be happy to remedy the defects of this scrap at a future time. + +BOLTON CORNEY. + +_Mistletoe on Oaks_ (Vol. ii., pp. 163, 214.).--Is it ever found now on +_other_ trees? Sir Thos. Browne (_Vulg. Err._ lib. ii. cap. vi. Sec. 3.) says, +"We observe it in England very commonly upon _Sallow_, _Hazell_, and Oake." +By-the-bye, DR. BELL (p. 163.) seems to adopt the belief, which it is +Browne's object in the section referred to above to refute, viz., that +"Misseltoe is bred upon trees, from seeds which birds let fall thereon." +Have later observations shown that it was Browne himself who was in error? + +ACHE. + +_Swearing by Swans_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--An instance of the cognate custom +of swearing by pheasants is given by Michelet, _Precis de l'Histoire +Moderne_ (pp. 19, 20.). On the taking of Constantinople by the Turks,-- + + "L'Europe s'emut enfin: Nicholas V. precha la croisade.... a Lille, le + duc de Bourgoyne fit apparaitre, dans un banquet, l'image de l'Eglise + desolee et, selon les rites de la chevalerie, jura Dieu, la Vierge, les + dames, et _le faisan_, qu'il irait combattre les infideles." (1454.) + +It seems, however, that in spite of all these formalities, the oath did not +sit very heavily on the conscience of the taker: for we are told +immediately after that-- + + "Cette ardeur dura peu.... le duc de Bourgoyne resta dans ses etats." + +Michelet gives, as his authority, Olivier de la Marche, t. viii. _De la +Collection des Memoires relatifs a l'Hist. de France_, edit. de M. Petitot. + +X. Z. + +_Jurare ad caput animalium_ (Vol. ii., p. 392; Vol. iii., p. +71.).--Schayes, a Belgic writer (in _Les Pays Bas avant et durant la +Domination Romaine_, vol. ii. p. 73. et seq.), furnishes references to two +councils, in which this mode of swearing was condemned, viz. Concil. +Aurelianense (Orleans), A.D. 541, and Concil. Liptinense (Liptines or +Lestines), 743. On the Indiculus Paganiarum of the latter he subjoins the +commentaries of Des Roches (_Anc. Mem. de l'Acad. de Brux._), de Meinders +(_de statu relig. sub Carolo M._, p. 144.), d'Eckart (_Francia Orient_, +lib. i. p. 407.), de Canciani (_de Legibus barbaror._, tom. iii. p. 78.). +The enquirer may also consult Riveli Opera on the Decalogue; Petiti, +_Observ. Miscell._ lib. iv. c. 7.: "Defenditur Socrates ab improba +Lactantii calumnia et de ejus jusjurando per _canem_:" and Alex. ab +Alexandro, _Geniales Dies_, lib. v. c. 10. + +I may avail myself of this opportunity of noticing the misprint in p. 152., +_V_ezron for _P_ezron. + +T. J. + +_Ten Children at a Birth_ (Vol. ii., p. 459.; Vol. iii., p. 64.).--We are +indebted to the obliging courtesy of the editor of the _Leeds Mercury_ for +the following extract from that paper of the 9th October, 1781:-- + + "A letter from Sheffield, dated October 1, says, 'This day one Ann + Birch, formerly of Derby, who came to work at the silk-mills here, was + delivered of TEN children; nine were dead, and one living, which, with + the mother, is likely to do well.'" + +Our informant adds-- + + "I never heard of any silk-mills at Sheffield. If there was a Medical + Society in Sheffield then, its records might be examined." + +Can our correspondent N. D. throw any further light upon this certainly +curious and interesting case? + +_Richard Standfast_ (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--This divine is buried in Christ +Church, Bristol; having been rector of that church for the long space of +fifty-one years. There is a monument erected to his memory in the +above-mentioned building, with the following inscription:-- {193} + + "Near this place lieth the body of Richard Standfast, Master of Arts, + of Sidney College in Cambridge, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to his Majesty + King Charles I., who for his loyalty to the King and stedfastness in + the established religion, suffered fourteen years' sequestration. He + returned to his place in Bristol at the restoration of King Charles + II., was then made prebendary of the cathedral church of Bristol, and + for twenty years and better (notwithstanding his blindness) performed + the offices of the church exactly, and discharged the duties of an + able, diligent, and orthodox preacher. He was Rector of Christ Church + upwards of fifty-one years, and died August 24, in the seventy-eighth + year of his age, and in the year of Our Lord 1681. + + He shall live again." + +The following additional lines, composed by himself, were taken down from +his own mouth two days before his death; and are, according to his own +desire, inscribed on his tomb:-- + + "Jacob was at Bethel found, + And so may we, though under ground. + With Jacob there God did intend, + To be with him where'ver he went, + And to bring him back again, + Nor was that promise made in vain. + Upon which words we rest in confidence + That he which found him there will fetch us hence. + Nor without cause are we persuaded thus, + For where God spake with him, he spake with us." + +Besides the work your correspondent mentions, he wrote a book, entitled a +_Caveat against Seducers_. + +J. K. R. W. + + Feb. 22. 1851. + +"_Jurat, crede minus_" (Vol. iii., p. 143.).--This epigram was quoted by +Sir Ed. Coke on the trial of Henry Garnet. The author I cannot tell, but +F. R. R. may be glad to trace it up thus far. + +J. BS. + +_Rab Surdam_ (Vol. ii., p. 493.; Vol. iii., p. 42.).--May not "Rab Surdam" +be the ignorant stone-cutter's version of "resurgam?" + +M. A. H. + +_The Scaligers_ (Vol. iii., p. 133.).--Everything relating to this family +is interesting, and I have read with pleasure your correspondent's +communication on the origin of their armorial bearings. I am, however, +rather surprised to observe, that he seems to take for granted the +relationship of Julius Caesar Scaliger and his son Joseph to the Lords of +Verona, which has been so convincingly disproved by several writers. The +world has been for some time pretty well satisfied that these two +illustrious scholars were mere impostors in the claim they made, that +Joseph Scaliger's letter to Janus Dousa was a very impudent affair. If your +correspondent has met with any new evidence in support of their claim, it +would gratify me much if he would make it known. Who would not derive +pleasure from seeing the magnificent boast of Joseph proved at last to have +been founded in fact: + + "Ego sum septimus ab Imperatore Ludovico et Illustrissima Hollandiae + comite Margareta: septimus item a Mastino tertio, ut et magnus Rex + Franciscus, literarum parcus." + +and Scioppius's parting recommendation-- + + "Quid jam reliquum est tibi, nisi ut nomen commutes et ex Scalifero + fias Furcifer?"--_Scaliger Hypobolimaeus. Mogunt._, 1607, 4to., p. 74. + b. + +deprived of its force and stringency? I fear, however, that this is not to +be expected. + +It is impossible to read Joseph Scaliger's defence of his own case in the +rejoinder to Scioppius, _Confutatio fabulae Burdonum_, without observing +that the author utterly fails in connecting Niccolo, the great-grandfather +of Joseph, with Guglielmo della Scala, the son of Can Grande Secundo. And +yet such is the charm of genius, that the _Confutatio_, altogether +defective in the main point as a reply, will ever be read with delight by +succeeding generations of scholars. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851. + +_Lincoln Missal_ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--It is clear that one of the most +learned ritualists, Mr. Maskell, did not know of a manuscript of the +Lincoln Use, else he would have noted it in his work, _The Ancient Liturgy +of the British Church_, where the other Uses of Salisbury, York, Bangor, +and Hereford, are compared together. In his preface to this work (p. ix.) +he states-- + + "It has been doubted whether there ever was a Lincoln Use in any other + sense than a different mode and practice of chanting." + +MR. PEACOCK would probably find more information in the _Monumenta +Ritualia_, to which Mr. Maskell refers in his preface. + +N. E. R. (A Subscriber.) + +_By and bye_ (Vol. iii., p. 73.).--Your correspondent S. S., in support of +his opinion that _by the bye_ means "by the way," suggests that _good bye_ +may mean "bon voyage." I must say the commonly received notion, that it is +a contraction of "God be wi' ye," appears to me in every way preferable. I +think that in the writers of the Elizabethan age, every intermediate +variety of form (such as "God b' w' ye," &c.) may be found; but I cannot at +this moment lay my hand on any instance. + +In an ingenious and amusing article in a late Number of the _Quarterly_, +the character of different nations is shown to be indicated by their +different forms of greeting, and surely the same may be said of their forms +of taking leave. The English pride themselves, and with justice, on being a +peculiarly religious people: now, applying the above test,--as the +Frenchman has his _adieu_, the Italian his _addio_, the Portuguese his +_addios_, and the Spaniard his "vaya usted con _Dios_,"--it is to be +presumed {194} that the Englishman, also, on parting from his friend, will +commit him to the care of Providence. On the other hand, it must be +admitted that the Germans, who, as well as the English, are supposed to +entertain a deeper sense of religion than many other nations, content +themselves with a mere "lebe-wohl." I should be obliged if some one of your +readers will favour me with the forms of taking leave used by other +nations, in order that I may be enabled to see whether the above test will +hold good on a more extensive application. + +X. Z. + +_Gregory the Great._--This is clearly a mere slip of the pen in Lady +Morgan's pamphlet. I I think it may confidently be asserted that Gregory +VII. has not been thus designated habitually at any period. + +R. D. H. + +_True Blue_ (Vol. iii., p. 92.)--"The earliest connexion of the colour blue +with truth" (which inquiry I cannot consider as synonymous with the +original Query, Vol. ii., p. 494.) is doubtless to be traced back to one of +the typical garments worn by the Jewish high priest, which was (see +Godwyn's _Moses and Aaron_, London, 1631, lib. i. chap. 5.) "A robe all of +blew, with seventy two bels of gold, and as many pomegranates, of blew, +purple, and scarlet, upon the skirts thereof." He says that "by the bells +was typed the sound of his (Christ's) doctrine; by the pomegranates the +sweet savour of an holy life;" and, without doubt, by "the blew robe" was +typified the immutability and truthfulness of the person, mission, and +doctrine of our great High Priest, who was clothed with truth as with a +garment. The great Antitype was a literal embodiment of the symbolic +panoply of his lesser type. + +BLOWEN. + +_Drachmarus_ (Vol. iii., p. 157.).--Your correspondent has my most cordial +thanks both for his suggestion, and also for his conjecture. + +1. Perhaps you will kindly afford me space to say, that the name of +Drachmarus occurs in a well-written MS. account of Bishop Cosin's +controversy, during his residence in Paris, with the Benedictine Prior +Robinson, concerning the validity of our English ordination: in the course +of which, after stating the opinion of divers of the Fathers, that the keys +of order and jurisdiction were given John xx., "Quorum peccata," &c., Cosin +adds: + + "I omit Hugo Cardinalis, the ordinary gloss, _Drachmarus_, Scotus, as + men of a later age (though all, as you say, of your church) that might + be produced to the same purpose." + +I should here perhaps state, that no letter of Prior Robinson's is extant +in which any mention is made either of Drachmarus or of Druthmarus. + +2. Before my Query was inserted, it had not only occurred to me as probable +that the transcriber might have written Drachmarus in mistake for +Druthmarus, but I had also consulted such of Druthmar's writings as are +found in the _Bibl. Patr._ I came to the conclusion, however, that a later +writer than Christian Druthmar was intended. _My_ conjecture was, that +Drachmarus must be a second name for some known writer of the age of the +schoolmen, just as _Carbajulus_ may be found cited under the name of +_Loysius_, or _Loisius_, which are only other forms of his Christian name, +_Ludovicus_. + +J. SANSOM. + +_The Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex._--E. H. Y. (Vol. iii., p. 66.) is wrong in +assigning the title of Lord _Mountacute_ to the Brownes of Cowdray, Sussex. +In 1 & 2 Phil. and Mary, Sir Antony Browne (son of the Master of the Horse +to Henry VIII.) was created Viscount _Montague_ (Collins). When curate of +Eastbourne, in which parish are situated the ruins of their ancestral Hall +of Cowdray, I frequently heard the village dames recite the tales of the +rude forefathers of the hamlet respecting the family. + +They relate, that while the great Sir Antony (temp. Hen. VIII.) was holding +a revel, a monk presented himself before the guests and pronounced the +curse of fire and water against the male descendants of the family, till +none should be left, because the knight had received and was retaining the +church-lands of Battle Abbey, and those which belonged to the priory of +Eastbourne. Within the last hundred years, destiny, though slow of foot, +has overtaken the fated race. In one day the hall perished by fire, and the +lord by water, as mentioned by E. H. Y. The male line being extinct, the +estate passed to the sister of Lord Montague. This lady was married to the +late W. S. Poyntz, Esq., M.P. The two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Poyntz were +drowned at Bognor, and the estate a second time devolved on the female +representatives. These ladies, still living, are the Marchioness of Exeter, +the Countess Spencer, and the Dowager Lady Clinton. The estate passed by +purchase into the hands of the Earl of Egmont. + +The old villagers, the servants, and the descendants of servants of the +family, point to the ruins of the hall, and religiously cling to the belief +that its destruction and that of its lords resulted from the curse. It +certainly seems an illustration of Archbishop Whitgift's words to Queen +Elizabeth: + + "Church-land added to an ancient inheritance hath proved like a moth + fretting a garment, and secretly consumed both: or like the eagle that + stole a coal from the altar, and thereby set her nest on fire, which + consumed both her young eagles and herself that stole it." + +E. RDS. + + Queen's Col., Birm., Feb. 20. 1851. + +_Red Hand_ (Vol. ii., p. 506., _et ante_).--A correspondent, ARUN, says, +"Your correspondents would confer a heraldic benefit if they would {195} +point out other instances, which I believe to exist, where family +reputation has been damaged by similar ignorance in heraldic +interpretation." I have always thought this ignorance to be universal with +the country people in England: I could mention _several instances_. First, +when I was a boy at school I was shown the hatchments in Wateringbury +church, in Kent, by my master, and informed that Sir Thomas Styles had +murdered some domestic, and was consequently obliged to bear the "bloody +hand:" and lastly, and lately, at Church-Gresley, in Derbyshire, at the old +hall of the Gresley family, I was shown the marble table on which Sir Roger +or Sir Nigel Gresley had cut up, in a sort of Greenacre style, his cook; +for which he was obliged to have the bloody hand in his arms, and put into +the church on his tomb. + +H. W. D. + +_Anticipations of Modern Ideas by Defoe_ (Vol. iii., p. 137.).--The two +tracts mentioned by your correspondent R. D. H., and which he states he has +often sought in vain, namely, _Augusta Triumphans_, London, 1728, 8vo., and +_Second Thoughts are best_, London, 1729, 8vo., are to be found in the +_Selection from Defoe's Works_ published by Talboys in 20 vols. 12mo. in +1840. They are both indisputably by Defoe, and contain, as your +correspondent observes, many anticipations of modern improvements. I may +mention that there is a tract, also beyond doubt by Defoe, on the subject +of London street-robberies, which has never yet been noticed or attributed +to him by any one. It is far more curious and valuable than _Second +Thoughts are best_, and is perfectly distinct from that tract. It gives a +history, and the only one I ever yet met with, written in all Defoe's +graphic manner, of the London police and the various modes of street +robbery in the metropolis, from the time of Charles II. to 1731, and +concludes by suggestions of effectual means of prevention. It is evidently +the work of one who had lived in London during the whole of the period. The +title is-- + + "An effectual Scheme for the immediate preventing of Street Robberies, + and suppressing all other Disorders of the Night, with a brief History + of the Night Houses, and an Appendix relating to those Sons of Hell + called Incendiaries. Humbly inscribed to the Right Honourable the Lord + Mayor of the City of London. London: Printed for J. Wilford, at the + Three Flower de Luees, behind the Chapter House in St. Paul's Church + Yard. 1731. (Price 1s.) 8vo., pages 72." + +I have also another tract on the same subject, which has not been noticed +by Defoe's biographers, but which I have no hesitation in ascribing to him. +It is curious enough, but not of equal value with the last. The title is-- + + "Street Robberies considered. The reason of their being so frequent, + with probable Means to prevent 'em. To which is added, three short + Treatises: 1. A Warning for Travellers; with Rules to know a Highwayman + and Instructions how to behave upon the occasion. 2. Observations on + Housebreakers. How to prevent a Tenement from being broke open. With a + Word of Advice concerning Servants. 3. A Caveat for Shopkeepers: with a + Description of Shoplifts, how to know 'em, and how to prevent 'em: also + a Caution of delivering Goods: with the Relation of several Cheats + practised lately upon the Publick. Written by a converted Thief. To + which is prefix'd some Memoirs of his Life. _Set a Thief to catch a + Thief._ London: Printed for J. Roberts, in Warwick Lane. Price 1s. (No + date, but circ. 1726.) 8vo., pages 72." + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Meaning of Waste-book_ (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--The _waste-book_ in a +counting-house is that in which all the transactions of the day, receipts, +payments, &c., are entered miscellaneously as they occur, and of which no +account is immediately taken, no value immediately found; whence, so to +speak, the mass of affairs is undigested, and the wilderness or _waste_ is +uncultivated, and without result until entries are methodically made in the +day-book and ledger; without which latter appliances there would, in +book-keeping, be _waste_ indeed, in the worst sense of the term. The word +_day-book_ explains itself. The word _ledger_ is explained in Johnson's and +in Ash's _Dictionary_, from the Dutch, as signifying a book that lies in +the counting-house _permanently in one place_. The etymology there given +also explains why certain lines used in fishing-tackle, by old Isaak +Walton, and by his disciples at the present day, are called _ledger-lines_. +It, however, does not seem to explain the phrase _ledger-lines_, used in +music; namely, the term applied to those short lines added above or below +the staff of five lines, when the notes run very high or very low, and +which are exactly those which are not _permanent_. Here the French word +_leger_ tempts the etymologist a little. + +ROBERT SNOW. + +_Deus Justificatus_ (Vol. ii., p. 441.).--There is no doubt that this work +was written by Henry Hallywell, and not by Cudworth. Dr. Worthington, whose +intercourse with the latter was of the most intimate kind, and who would +have been fully aware of the fact had he been the author, observes, in a +letter not dated, but written circ. September, 1668, addressed to Dr. More, +and of which I have a copy now before me: + + "I bought at London Mr. Hallywell's _Deus Justificatus_. Methinks it is + better written than his former Letter. He will write better and + better." + +In a short account of Hallywell, who was of the school of Cudworth and +More, and whose MS. correspondence with the latter is now in my possession, +in Wood's _Fasti_, vol. ii. p. 187. Edit. Bliss, Wood, "amongst several +things that he hath published," enumerates five only, but does not give the +_Deus Justificatus_ amongst them. It {196} appears (Wood's _Athenae_, vol. +iv. p. 230.) that he was ignorant who the author of this tract was. + +It is somewhat singular that the mistake in ascribing _Deus Justificatus_ +to Cudworth should have been continued in Kippis's edition of the +_Biographia Britannica_. It was so ascribed to him, first, as far as I can +find, by a writer of the name of Fancourt, in the preface to his _Free +Agency of Accountable Creatures Examined_, London, 1733, 8vo. On his +authority it was included in the list of Cudworth's works in the _General +Dictionary_, 1736, folio, vol. iv. p. 487., and in the _Biographia +Britannica_, 1750, vol. iii. p. 1581., and in the last edition by Kippis. +Birch, in the mean time, finding, no doubt, on inquiry, that there was no +ground for ascribing it to Cudworth, made no mention of it in his accurate +life prefixed to the edition of the _Intellectual System_ in 1742. + +Hallywell, the author, deserves to be better known. In many passages in his +works he gives ample proof that he had fully imbibed the lofty Platonism +and true Christian spirit of his great master. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Touchstone's Dial_ (Vol. ii., p. 405.; Vol. iii., pp. 52. 107.).--I am +gratified to find that my note on "Touchstone's Dial" has prompted MR. +STEPHENS to send you his valuable communication on these old-fashioned +chronometers. The subjoined extract from _Travels in America in the Year_ +1806, by Thomas Ashe, Esq., is interesting, as it shows that "Ring-dials" +were used as common articles of barter in America at the commencement of +the present century:-- + + "The storekeepers on the Alleghany River from above Pittsburg to New + Orleans are obliged to keep every article which it is possible that the + farmer and manufacturer may want. Each of their shops exhibits a + complete medley: a magazine, where are to be had both a needle and an + anchor, a tin pot and a large copper boiler, a child's whistle and a + piano-forte, a _ring-dial_ and a clock," &c. + +J. M. B. + +_Ring Dials_.--I was interested with the reference to _Pocket Sun-dials_ in +"NOTES AND QUERIES," pp. 52. 107. because it re-furnished an opportunity of +placing in print a scrap of information on the subject, which I neglected +to embrace when I first read MR. KNIGHT'S note on the passage in +Shakspeare. About seventy years ago these small, cheap, brass "Ring-dials" +for the pocket were manufactured by the gross by a firm in Sheffield +(Messrs. Proctor), then in Milk street. I well remember the workman--an old +man in my boyhood--who had been employed in making them, as he said, "in +basketsful;" and also his description of the _modus operandi_, which was +curious enough. They were of different sizes and prices, and their extreme +rarity at present, considering the number formerly in use, is only less +surprising than the commonness of pocket-watches which have superseded +them. I never saw but one of these cheapest and most nearly forgotten +horologia, and which the old brass-turner, as I recollect, boasted of as +"telling the time true to a quarter of an hour!" + +D. + + Sheffield, Jan. 2. 1851. + +_Cockade_ (Vol. iii., p. 7.).--The Query of A. E. has not yet been +satisfactorily answered; nor can I pretend to satisfy him. But as a small +contribution to the history of the decoration in question, I beg to offer +him the following definition from the _Dictionnaire etymologique_ of +Roquefort, 8vo., Paris, 1829:-- + + "COCARDE, touffe de rubans que sous Louis XIII. on portoit sur le + feutre, et qui imitoit la crete du coq." + +If this be correct, APODLIKTES (p. 42.) must be mistaken in attributing so +recent an origin to the cockade as the date of the Hanoverian succession. +The truth is, that from the earliest period of heraldic institutions, +colours have been used to symbolise parties. The mode of wearing them may +have varied; and whether wrought in silk, or more economically represented +in the stamped leather cockade of our private soldier, is little to the +purpose. It will, however, hardly be contended that our present fashion at +all resembles "la crete du coq." + +F. S. Q. + +"The ribband worn in the hat" was styled "a favour" previous to the Scotch +Covenanters' nick-naming it a cockade. Allow me to correct APODLIKTES (p. +42.): "The black _favour_ being the Hanoverian badge, the white _favour_ +that of the Stuarts." The knots or bunches of ribbons given as favours at +marriages, &c., were not invariably worn in the hat as a cockade is, but it +was sometimes (see Hudibras, Pt. i. canto ii. line 524.) + + "Wore in their hats like wedding garters." + +There is a note on this line in my edition, which is the same as J. B. +COLMAN refers to for the note on the Frozen Horn (p. 91.). + +BLOWEN. + +_Rudbeck's Atlantica--Grenville copy--Tomus I Sine Anno._ 1675. 1679. (Vol. +iii., p. 26.).--Has any one of these three copies a separate leaf, entitled +"Ad Bibliopegos?"--Not one of them. + +(Neither has the king's (George III.) copy, nor the Sloane copy, both in +the Museum.) + +Has the copy with the date 1679, "Testimonia" at the end?--The Testimonia +are placed after the Dedication, before the text (they are inlaid). They +occupy fifteen pages. + +Have they a separate _Title_ and a separate sheet of _Errata_?--Neither the +one nor the other. + +Is there a duplicate copy of this separate Title at the end of the +Preface?--No. + +(The copy with the date 1675 has at the end Testimonia filling eight pages, +with a separate title, and a leaf containing three lines of Errata.) + +Tomus II. 1689.--How many pages of {197} Testimonia are there at the end of +the Preface?--Thirty-eight pages. + +(In George III.'s copy the Testimonia occupy forty-three pages.) + +Is there in any one of these volumes the name of any former owner, any book +number, or any other mark by which they can be recognised; for instance, +that of the Duke de la Valliere?--No. Not in Mr. Grenville's, nor in George +III.'s, nor in the Sloane's; this last has not the Third Volume. + +HENRY FOSS. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., p. 11.).--It is a tradition +in a family with which I am connected, that Queen Elizabeth had a son, who +was sent over to Ireland, and placed under the care of the Earl of Ormonde. +The Earl, it will be remembered, was distantly related to the Queen, her +great-grandmother being the daughter of Thomas, the eighth Earl. + +Papers are said to exist in the family which prove the above statement. + +J. BS. + +_Private Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth._--The curious little volume mentioned +by MR. ROPER (Vol. iii., p. 45.), is most probably the book alluded to by +J. E. C., p. 23. I possess a copy of much later date (1767). It is worthy +of note, that the narrative is headed _The Earl of Essex; or, the Amours of +Queen Elizabeth_; while the title-page states, _The secret History of the +most Renown'd Q. Elizabeth and Earl of Essex_. + +I think it can scarcely be said to be _corroborative_ of the "scandal" +contained in Mr. Ives's MS. note, or that in Burton's _Parliamentary +Diary_, cited by P. T., Vol. ii. p. 393. Whitaker, in his _Vindication of +Mary Q. of Scots_, has displayed immense industry and research in his +collection of charges against the private life of Elizabeth, but makes no +mention of these reports. + +E. B. PRICE. + +_Bibliographical Queries_ (No. 39.), _Monarchia Solipsorum_ (Vol. iii., p. +138.).--Your correspondent asks, Can there be the smallest doubt that the +veritable inventor of this satire upon the Jesuits was their former +associate, Jules-Clement Scotti? Having paid considerable attention to the +writings of Scotti, Inchofer, and Scioppius, and to the evidence as to the +authorship of this work, I should, notwithstanding Niceron's authority, on +which your correspondent seems to rely, venture to assert that the claim +made for Scotti, as well as that for Scioppius, may be at once put aside. +No two authors ever more carefully protected their literary offspring, +numerous as they were, by the catalogues and lists of them which they +published or dispersed from time to time, than these two writers. In them +every tract is claimed, however short, which they had written. Scotti +published one in 1650, five years after the publication of the _Monarchia +Solipsorum_; and I have a letter of his, of the same period, containing a +list of his writings. Scioppius left one, dated 1647, now in MS. in the +Laurentian Library with his other MSS., and which carefully mentions every +tract he had written against the Jesuits. The _Monarchia Solipsorum_ does +not appear in the lists of these two writers; and no good reason can be +assigned why it should not, on the supposition of its being written by +either of them. If not in those which were published, it certainly would +not have been omitted in those communicated to their friends, not Jesuits, +or which were found amongst their own MSS. Then, nothing can be more +distinct than the style of Scotti, of Scioppius, and that of the author, +whoever he was, of the _Monarchia_. The much-vexed spirit of the bitterest +of critics would have been still more indignant if one or two of the +passages in this work could ever, in his contemplation, have been imputed +to his pen. + +It is in this case, as in most other similar ones, much easier to conclude +who is not, than who is the author of the book in question. The internal +evidence is very strong in favour of Inchofer. It was published with his +name in 1652, seven years only after the date of the first edition; and the +witnesses are many among his contemporaries, who speak positively to his +being the author. Further, there is no great dissimilarity in point of +style, and I have collected several parallel expressions occurring in the +_Monarchia_ and Inchofer's other works, which very much strengthen the +claim made on his behalf, but which it is scarcely necessary to insert +here. In my opinion, he is the real author. The question might, I have no +doubt, be finally set at rest by an examination of his correspondence with +Leo Allatius, which is, or was, at all events, in the Vatican. + +JAMES CROSSLEY. + + Manchester, Feb. 22, 1851. + +_Touching for the Evil_ (Vol. iii., p. 93.).--It was one of the proofs +against the Duke of Monmouth, that he had touched for the evil when in the +West; and I have seen a handbill describing the cures he effected. It was +sold at Sir John St. Aubyn's sale of prints at Christie's some few years +since. + +H. W. D. + +"_Talk not of Love_" (Vol. iii., pp. 7.77.).--In answering the Query of +A. M. respecting this pleasing little song, your correspondents have +neglected to mention that the earliest copy of it, _i.e._ that in Johnson's +_Scots Musical Museum_, has _two_ additional stanzas. This is important, +because, from No. 8. of Burns's _Letters to Clarinda_, it appears that the +concluding lines were supplied by Burns himself to suit the music. He +remarks that-- + + "The latter half of the first stanza would have been worthy of Sappho. + I am in raptures with it." + +{198} Mrs. Mac Lehose (_Clarinda_) was living in 1840, in the eightieth +year of her age. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Did St. Paul's Clock strike Thirteen?_ (Vol. iii., p. 40.).--Yes: but it +was not then at St. Paul's; for I think St. Paul's was then being rebuilt. +The correspondent to the _Antiquarian Repertory_ says: + + "The first time I heard it (the circumstance) was at Windsor, before + St. Paul's had a clock, when the soldier's plea was said to be that Tom + of Westminster struck thirteen instead of twelve at the time when he + ought to have been relieved. It is not long since a newspaper mentioned + the death of one who said he was the man." + +About the beginning of the eighteenth century this bell was removed to St. +Paul's, &c.--Can any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply the +newspaper notice above referred to. The above was written in 1775. The +clock tower in which the bell was originally (and must have been when the +sentinel heard it) was removed in 1715. + +JOHN FRANCIS. + + [The story is given in Walcott's _Memorials of Westminster_ as being + thus recorded in _The Public Advertiser_ of Friday, 22nd June, + 1770:--"Mr. John Hatfield, who died last Monday at his house in + Glasshouse Yard, Aldersgate, aged 102 years, was a soldier in the reign + of William and Mary, and the person who was tried and condemned by a + Court Martial for falling asleep on his duty upon the terrace at + Windsor. He absolutely denied the charge against him, and solemnly + declared that he heard St. Paul's clock strike thirteen, the truth of + which was much doubted by the court because of the great distance. But + whilst he was under sentence of death, an affidavit was made by several + persons that the clock actually did strike thirteen instead of twelve; + whereupon he received his majesty's pardon. The above his friends + caused to be engraved upon his plate, to satisfy the world of the truth + of a story which has been much doubted, though he had often confirmed + it to many gentlemen, and a few days before his death told it to + several of his neighbours. He enjoyed his sight and memory to the day + of his death."] + +_Defence of the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iii., p. +113.).--Among the benefits conferred by "NOTES AND QUERIES" upon the +literary world, is the information occasionally afforded, in what +libraries, public and private, very rare books are deposited. MR. COLLIER +expresses his thanks to MR. LAING for sending to him a very rare volume by +Kyffin. Had I seen his "Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' +Company," I should have had much pleasure in furnishing him with extracts, +from another copy in the Chetham Library, of the tract he has described. +The Rev. T. Corser possesses the same author's _Blessedness of Britain_. +His other works are enumerated by Watt, and should be transferred to a +Bibliotheca Cambrensis. + +T. J. + +_Metrical Psalms, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 119.).--ARUN may find all the +information he seeks by consulting a treatise of _Heylin's_ on the subject +of the metrical version of the Psalms, published by Dr. Rich. Watson, under +the title of _The Deduction_, 8vo. Lond. 1685. + +Together with this treatise, two letters from Bishop _Cosin_ to Watson are +published; in the latter of which, towards the end, the following paragraph +occurs:-- + + "The singing Psalms are not adjoined to our Bibles, or to our Liturgy, + by any other authority than what the Company of Stationers for their + own gain have procured, either by their own private ordinances among + themselves, or by some order from the Privy Council in Queen + Elizabeth's time. Authority of convocation, or of Parliament, such as + our Liturgy had, never had they any: only the Queen, by her Letters + Patent to the Stationers, gave leave to have them printed, and allowed + them (did not command them) to be sung in churches or private houses by + the people. When the Liturgy was set forth, and commanded to be used, + these psalms were not half of them composed: no bishop ever inquired of + their observance, nor did ever any judge at an assize deliver them in + his charge: which both the one and other had been bound to do, if they + had been set forth by the same authority which the Liturgy was. Besides + you may observe, that they are never printed with the Liturgy or Bible, + nor ever were; but only bound up, as the stationers please, together + with it," &c. + +J. SANSOM. + +_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. iii., p. 105.)--Moliere has +availed himself in the comedy of the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ very liberally +of the comedy of the _Clouds_. The lesson in grammar given to Monsr. +Jourdain is nearly the same as that which Socrates gives to Strepsiades. + +W. B. D. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +The last number of the _Gentleman's Magazine_ contains a very important +paper upon the limited accessibility of the State Paper Office to literary +inquirers, and the consequent injury to historical literature. But not only +is the present system illiberal; it seems that it has been determined by +the Lords of the Treasury that the historical papers anterior to 1714 shall +be transferred from the State Paper Office to the new Record Office, which +is now rising rapidly on the Rolls Estate. Under present circumstances, +this is a transfer from bad to worse. Our contemporary shows the absurdity +and injustice to literature of such a determination in a very striking +manner. We cannot follow him through his proofs, but are bound as the organ +of literary men to direct attention to the subject. It is most important to +every one who is interested--and who is not?--in the welfare of historical +literature. {199} + +The _Unpublished Manuscripts on Church Government_ by Archbishop Laud, +stated to have been prepared for the education of Prince Henry, and +subsequently presented to Charles I., which we mentioned in our sixty-ninth +number, was sold by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, on the 24th ultimo, for +Twenty Guineas. And here we may note that in the Collection of Autographs +sold by the same auctioneers on Friday last, among other valuable articles +was a Letter of Burke, dated 3rd Oct. 1793, from which we quote the +following passage, which will be read with interest at the present time, +and furnishes some information respecting Cardinal Erskine--the subject of +a recent Query:--"I confess, I would, if the matter rested with me, enter +into much more distinct and avowed political connections with the Court of +Rome than hitherto we have held. If we decline them, the bigotry will be on +our part and not on that of his Holiness. Some mischief has happened, and +much good has, I am convinced, been prevented by our unnatural alienation. + +... With regard to Monsignor Erskine, I am certain that all his designs are +formed upon the most honourable and the most benevolent public principles." +One of the most interesting lots at the sale was a proclamation of the "Old +Pretender," dated Rome, 23 Dec. 1743, given "under our Sign Manual and +Privy Seal," the seal having the inscription "JACOBUS III. REX," which +fetched Eleven Pounds. + +We believe there are few libraries in this country, however small, in which +there is not to be found one shelf devoted to such pet books on Natural +History as White's _Selborne_, the _Journal of a Naturalist_, and +Waterton's _Wanderings_. The writings of Mr. Knox are obviously destined to +take their place in the same honoured spot. Actuated with the same love of +nature, and gifted with the same power of patient observation as White, he +differs from him in the wider range over which he extends his observation, +and in combining the ardour of the sportsman with the scientific spirit of +inquiry which distinguishes the naturalist. In his _Game Birds and Wild +Fowl: their Friends and their Foes_, which contains the result of his +observations and experience, not only on the birds described in his +title-page, but on certain other animals supposed, oftentimes most +erroneously, to be injurious to their welfare and increase--we have a work +which reflects the highest credit upon the writer, and can scarcely fail to +accomplish the great end for which Mr Knox wrote it, that of "adding new +votaries to a loving observation of nature." + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Desdemona, the Magnifico's Child_; the Fourth of Mrs. +Cowden Clarke's Stories of _The Girlhood of Shakspeare's Heroines_, is +devoted to the history of + + "a maid + That paragons description and wild fame." + +_Gilbert's Popular Narrative of the Origin, History, Progress, and +Prospects Of the Great Industrial Exhibition of 1851, by Peter Berlyn_,--a +little volume apparently carefully compiled from authentic sources of +information upon the several points set forth in its ample title-page. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WILSON'S ORNAMENTS OF CHURCHES CONSIDERED. + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. + +CELEBRATED TRIALS, 6 Vols. 8vo., 1825. Vol 6. + +OSSIAN, 3 Vols. 12mo. Miller, 1805. Vol. 2. + +HOWITT'S RURAL LIFE OF ENGLAND. 12mo. 1838. Vol. 2. + +SHARON TURNER'S ANGLO-SAXONS. Last Edition. + +CHAMBERS'S SCOTTISH BIOGRAPHY, 4 Vols. 8vo. + +THE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or BEAUTIES OF BRITISH POETRY, Vol. 2. +London, 1781. + +BURNET'S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION. Folio. Vol. 3. + +PASSERI, ISTORIA DELLE PITTURE IN MAJOLICA. Pesaro, 1838; or any other +Edition. + +NAVAL CHRONICLE, any or all of the odd books of the first 12 Vols. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Although we have this week enlarged our paper to 24 pages, we are +compelled to solicit the indulgence of many correspondents for the +postponement of many interesting_ NOTES, QUERIES, _and_ REPLIES. + +C. H. P. _will find his query inserted. It was in type last week, but only +postponed from want of room. We have omitted his comment called for by the +omission of the words "fleet against the."_ + +W. S. _The fine lines commencing,--_ + + "My mind to me a kingdom is, + Such perfect joy therein I find:" + +_were written by Lovelace._ + +F. B. RELTON. _The Satyr_ on the Jesuits _was written by John Oldham, and +originally published in 1679._ + +SALOPIAN. _The tragedy of_ The Earl of Warwick _or_ The King and Subject, +_was translated from the French of De la Harpe by Paul Heffernan._ + +CAM. _It appears from Brayley's_ Londiniana, iv. 5. _on the authority of +Strype's_ Stow. b. i. p. 287., _that Sir Baptist Hicks, afterwards Viscount +Campden, was the son of Robert Hicks, a silk mercer, who kept a shop in +Cheapside, at Soper's Lane End, at the White Bear. See also Cunningham's_ +Handbook of London, _Art._ HICKS' HALL. + +O. P. _The lines--_ + + "Had Cain been Scot, God would have chang'd his doom, + Not forc't him wander, but confin'd him home." + +_are from Cleveland's_ Rebell Scott, _and would be found at p. 52 of +Cleveland's Poems, ed. 1654._ + +H., _who asks whether any friend living in London would consult books for +him at the British Museum, and let him know the result, had better specify +more particularly what is the information he requires._ + +RUSTICUS _will find the information he seeks in a Biographical Dictionary +under the name_ Sarpi. + +L. J. _Blackstone_ (Book iv. cap. 25.; vol. iv. p. 328. ed 1778) _supposes +that pressing a mute prisoner to death was gradually introduced between 31 +Edw. III and 8 Hen. IV. as a species of mercy to the delinquent, by +delivering him sooner from his torment._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED. _"Love's Labour's Lost"--Election of a +Pope--Umbrellas--Signs on Chemists' Bottles--Christmas Day--Four Events--A +Coggeshall Job--Denarius Philosophorum--Days of the Week--Hugh Peters--Sun, +stand thou still--Master John Shorne--Boiling to Death--Wages in the last +Century--Crossing Rivers on Skins--Election of a Pope--Origin of +Harlequins--Thomas May--Prince of Wales' Motto--Ten Commandments--Tract on +the Eucharist._ + +VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price +9s. 6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. {200} + + * * * * * + + +NEW BOOKS. + +JUST PUBLISHED BY SMITH, ELDER, AND CO. + +I. + +THE STONES OF VENICE. Volume the First, THE FOUNDATIONS. By JOHN RUSKIN, +Esq., Author of "Seven Lamps of Architecture," "Modern Painters," &c. Imp. +8vo. with 21 Plates and numerous Woodcuts, 2l. 2s. in embossed cloth. + +II. + +MILITARY MEMOIRS OF LIEUT.-COL. JAMES SKINNER, C.B., commanding a Corps of +Irregular Cavalry in the Hon. East India Company's Service. By J. BAILLIE +FRASER, Esq., 2 vols. post 8vo. with Portraits, 21s. cloth. + +III. + +THE BRITISH OFFICER; his Position, Duties, Emoluments, and Privileges. By +J. H. STOCQUELER. 8vo. 15s. cloth extra. + +IV. + +ROSE DOUGLAS; or, the Autobiography of a Minister's Daughter. 2 vols. post +8vo. 21s. cloth. + +V. + +A TRIP TO MEXICO; or, Recollections of a Ten Months' Ramble in 1849-50. By +a BARRISTER. Post 8vo. 9s. cloth. + +London: SMITH, ELDER, and CO., 65. Cornhill. +Edinburgh: OLIVER and BOYD. Dublin: J. M^CGLASHAN. + + * * * * * + + +IN ANTICIPATION OF EASTER. + +THE SUBSCRIBER has prepared an ample supply of his well known and approved +SURPLICES, from 20s. to 50s., and various devices in DAMASK COMMUNION +LINEN, well adapted for presentation to Churches. + +Illustrated priced Catalogues sent free to the Clergy, Architects, and +Churchwardens by post, on application to + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, now ready, price 3s. 6d. + +THE NUPTIALS OF BARCELONA.--A Tale of Priestly Frailty and Spanish Tyranny. +By R. N. DUNBAR. + + "This work is powerfully written. Beauty, pathos, and great powers of + description are exhibited in every page. In short, it is well + calculated to give the author a place among the most eminent writers of + the day."--_Sunday Times._ + +SAUNDERS & OTLEY, Publishers, Conduit Street. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, foolscap 8vo. price 10s. 6d. + +THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With Brief Accounts of the +Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are most +frequently met with in England; the early Christian and Medieval Symbols; +and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. + + "It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe that this work is of an + archaeological, not of a theological character; the Editor has not + considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of + the legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as + legends, and in general so much of them only as is necessary to explain + why particular emblems were used with a particular saint, or why + Churches in a given locality are named after this or that + saint."--_Preface._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + * * * * * + + +THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1851. +Containing, in addition to the usual Contents of an Almanack, a List of the +Foundation and Grammar Schools in England and Wales; together with an +Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them. Post 8vo. 4s. + +London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, imperial 4to., price 10s. 6d. + +OUTLINE SKETCHES OF OLD BUILDINGS IN BRUGES. By E. S. COLE. 15 Plates. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +In a few days, royal 8vo., cloth, price 10s. + +THE SEVEN PERIODS OF ENGLISH CHURCH ARCHITECTURE. Defined and Illustrated +by EDMUND SHARPE, M.A., Architect, M.I.B.A. An Elementary Work showing at a +single glance the different Changes through which our National Architecture +passed, from the Heptarchy to the Reformation. Twelve Steel Engravings and +Woodcuts. + +Each Period, except the First, is illustrated by portions of the Interior +and the Exterior of one of our Cathedral Churches of corresponding date, +beautifully engraved on Steel, so presented as to enable the Student to +draw for himself a close comparison of the characteristic features which +distinguish the Architecture of each of the SEVEN PERIODS, and which are of +so striking and simple a nature as to prevent the possibility of mistake. + +The First, or Saxon Period, contains so few buildings of interest or +importance, as to render its comparative illustration unnecessary, if not +impossible. + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Just ready, 8vo., cloth, price 15s. + +A TABLE OF ANTI-LOGARITHMS. Containing to Seven Places of Decimals, natural +Numbers, answering to all Logarithms from 0001 to 99999; and an improved +Table of Gauss's Logarithms, by which may be found the Logarithm to the sum +or difference of Two Quantities where Logarithms are given: preceded by an +Introduction, containing also the History of Logarithms, their +Construction, and the various Improvements made therein since their +invention. By HERSCHELL E. FILIPOWSKI. Second edition, revised and +corrected. + +The publisher, having purchased the copyright and stereotype plates of +these tables, (published a few months ago at 2l. 2s.,) is enabled to offer +a corrected edition at the above reduced price. + +_Testimonial of Augustus de Morgan, Esq._ + + "I have examined the proofs of Mr. Filipowski's Table of + Anti-Logarithms and of Gauss's Logarithms, and also the plan of his + proposed table of Annuities for three lives, constructed from the + Carlisle Table. + + "The table of Anti-Logarithms is, I think, all that could be wished, in + extent, in structure, and in typography. For its extent it is unique + among modern Tables. Of accuracy I cannot speak, of course; but this + being supposed, I have no hesitation in recommending it without + qualification. + + "The form in which Gauss's Tables are arranged will be a matter of + opinion. I can only say that Mr. Filipowski's Table is used with ease, + as I have found upon trial; and that its extent, as compared with other + tables, and particularly with other FIVE-FIGURE tables, of the same + kind, will recommend it. I desire to confine myself to testifying to + the facility with which this table can be used: comparison with other + forms, as to RELATIVE facility, being out of the question on so short a + trial. + + "On the table of Annuities for three lives, there is hardly occasion to + say anything. All who are conversant with Life Contingencies are well + aware how much it is wanted. A. DE MORGAN." + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Choice Engravings, Drawings, and Paintings. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Picadilly, on THURSDAY next, March 13, +and following day, a collection of choice engravings, mostly of the English +School, the property of a gentleman, comprising choice proofs of Woollett; +a series of the works of Joshua Reynolds, all brilliant proofs; Mueller's +Madonna di San Sisto, a very early proof; Charles II. by Farthorne, extra +rare, a splendid proof; and many other choice proofs of the works of +English and Foreign Artists. Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, Part I., 4to., price 1s. + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF MEDIEVAL COSTUMES in England, collected from MSS. in the +British Museum, Bibliotheque de Paris, &c. By T. A. DAY and J. B. DINES. To +be completed in Six Monthly Parts. + +London: T. BOSWORTH, 215. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 8. 1851. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 71, March 8, +1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 23205.txt or 23205.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/2/0/23205/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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