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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/30217-0.txt b/30217-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87e7dea --- /dev/null +++ b/30217-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,396 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30217 *** + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +December 19, 1958 + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México + + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + +LAWRENCE + +1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Robert W. Wilson + + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +Published December 19, 1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED IN +THE STATE PRINTING PLANT +TOPEKA, KANSAS + +1958 + +27-5516 + + + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, +Nuevo León, México, collected by field parties of the California +Institute of Technology under the direction of the late Professor +Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, 1943; +Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, 1953; Stock, 1953; +Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor Stock loaned a +portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for +identification. Included therein were 89 crania and rami of bats, +representing three families (Phyllostomidae, Desmodontidae and +Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented by a single +species. One of the species is here described as new. Three of the +kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and two are Recent species. + +The only previous mention of fossil bats from México known to me +concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) mentioned +a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948:17), +and Handley (1955:48) based his description of _Corynorhinus +tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. + +Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller (1943) and +Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; +stratification data did not accompany the material sent on loan to the +University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna is thought to +have come from the higher levels in the cave and is probably late +Pleistocene. + +The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los +Angeles County Museum. + +I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the bats +from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism of the +manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to use +comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. Lucy Rempel +made the drawings from photographs by John M. Legler. + + +_Leptonycteris nivalis_ (Saussure) + + _Referred material._--Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, + 2956-64, 3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, + 3942, 21 unnumbered, of which 35 are nearly complete, + lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae and some teeth; + three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, + unnumbered. + +_Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ +appreciably from _Leptonycteris nivalis longala_ Stains, the largest +Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that occurs in the +same geographic area today. Average and extremes of three cranial +measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in +parentheses by the average and extreme measurements of 23 adult _L. n. +longala_ from the type locality, 12 mi. S and 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 +ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: Greatest length of skull, +28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital constriction, +5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, 11.1, 10.6-11.6 +(10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average larger than the +series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, especially +breadth of braincase, but there is considerable overlap in each case +and the extremes of greatest length of skull and of least interorbital +constriction do not exceed the extremes in the Recent series. + + +_Desmodus stocki_, new species + + _Holotype._--Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the + left side, zygomatic arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles + County Museum (CIT) No. 3129; from Pleistocene deposits of + San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. + + _Referred material._--Twelve additional partial crania, LACM + (CIT) 2946-50, 3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered. + + _Diagnosis._--Resembling the Recent _Desmodus rotundus_ but + differing from it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements + and Figs. 1-2), heavier and more massive; rostrum and + braincase relatively as well as actually broader, + interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase + more rounded (less elongate) as viewed from above; nasals + less concave in lateral view; narial vacuity broader in + relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly + heart-shaped; palate broad, less concave medially; + mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually broader + anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches + (judging from No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete + arch, the left) less rounded in outline, appearing broader + owing to the more constricted interorbital region. + + Dentition larger and heavier than that in _rotundus_, but + otherwise differing only slightly from it; upper incisor + less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. 3-4); premolar + and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots. + + The peculiar shape of the incisor of _stocki_ is shared to + some extent with Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American + desmodontid. However, _stocki_ does not otherwise resemble + _D. youngi_, differing from it as follows: Skull larger and + heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic + arches less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more + elongate; braincase and rostrum relatively much narrower in + relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, specimens + of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to + _youngi_ by de la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: + 191, 1956). For cranial measurements of _youngi_ see Sanborn + (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949). + +[Illustration: FIGS. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of _Desmodus +stocki_, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, +male, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × 1-1/2. Fig. 3. +Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. stocki_, LACM (CIT) 2950, × +2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. r. murinus_, +female, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2.] + +_Remarks._--The essential differences between _D. stocki_ and _D. +rotundus_ are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two +species are closely related; possibly _stocki_ is ancestral to +_rotundus_. + +The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, +under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were +obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the mammalian +fauna from the cave. + + +_Eptesicus cf. grandis_ (Brown) + + _Referred material._--One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right + side and P4 only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990. + +_Remarks._--This specimen is referred provisionally to _E. grandis_. +The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions on +the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than in Recent +_E. fuscus_. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 in the holotype +of _grandis_, less in _fuscus_); least interorbital constriction, 4.2 +(4.3 in the holotype of _grandis_, more in _fuscus_); breadth of +rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3. + + +TABLE 1.--Cranial measurements of two species of _Desmodus_. + +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- +Catalogue number | G o | C l | Z b | B b | L c | B f +or number of | r f | o e | y r | r r | e o | r o +specimens averaged | e | n n | g e | e a | a n | e r + | a s | d g | o a | a i | s s | a a + | t k | y t | m d | d n | t t | d m + | e u | l h | a t | t c | r | t e + | s l | o | t h | h a | i i | h n + | t l | b | i | s | n c | + | | a | c | o e | t t | o m + | l | s | | f | e i | f a + | e | a | | | r o | g + | n | l | | | o n | n + | g | | | | r | u + | t | | | | b | m + | h | | | | i | + | | | | | t | + | | | | | a | + | | | | | l | +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + + _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas + +10 (3 male, Ave. | 24.3 | 21.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 + 7 female) Max. | 24.9 | 22.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 + Min. | 23.9 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 + + _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León + +2946 | 27.3 | 24.5 | | 14.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 +2947 | | | | 13.6 | | 5.7 +2948 | | 24.3 | | 13.9 | 6.2 | 5.3 +2949 | | 24.7 | | 13.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 +2950 | | | 14.1 | 13.5 | | 5.7 +3127 | | | | 13.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 +3128 | 26.5 | | | 13.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 +3129 (type) | 28.2 | 24.5 | | 13.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 +3940 | 27.4 | 24.4 | | 13.8 | 6.2 | +3941 | | 24.6 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + +Brown (1908:174) originally named _grandis_ as a subspecies of +_fuscus_. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. +Whether _grandis_ is only a subspecies of _E. fuscus_ or a separate +species, _grandis_ is closely related to _fuscus_, and probably is +ancestral to it. + + +_Lasiurus cinereus_ (Palisot de Beauvois) + + _Referred material_.--One cranium, lacking basioccipital, + tympanic and mastoid regions, and most of the dentition, + having only M3 on the right side and M2-M3 on the left, LACM + (CIT) 3160. + +_Remarks._--The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those of 10 +spring-taken specimens of _L. c. cinereus_ from the San Gabriel Mts., +Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements of No. +3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) of the +Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, 16.5 (15.9-17.2); +zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least interorbital +constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, 8.7, 9.0 +(8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, 5.1, 5.3 +(4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively +unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus" in +parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates +surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question may +be of Recent origin. + +It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a +tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported +from caves (see Beer, 1954:116). + + +_Corynorhinus tetralophodon_ Handley + +A single cranium of a _Corynorhinus_ LACM (CIT) 2989 was included in +the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. Subsequently, +this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., who described it +as a new species, _C. tetralophodon_. The latter is said to differ from +all other plecotine bats by the retention of a well-developed fourth +commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally from metacone) on the M3 +(Handley, 1955:48). + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +BEER, J. R. + + 1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, + February 10. + +BROWN, B. + + 1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern + Arkansas: with description of two new genera and twenty new + species and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., + 9:155-208, pls. 14-25. + +CUSHING, J. E., JR. + + 1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo + Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, + December 1. + +FURLONG, E. L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San + Josecito Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., + 551:1-8, 5 pls., February 3. + +GIDLEY, J. W., and GAZIN, C. L. + + 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, + Maryland. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 + pls. + +HANDLEY, C. O., JR. + + 1955. _A new Pleistocene bat_ (Corynorhinus) _from Mexico_. Jour. + Washington Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14. + +HOOPER, E. T. + + 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus + _Reithrodontomys_) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. + Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, + January 16. + +MALDONADO-KOERDELL, M. + + 1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en México. Revista + Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June. + +JACKWAY, G. E. + + 1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito + Cave, Nuevo León, México. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in + press. + +MILLER, L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20. + +STAINS, H. J. + + 1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. + +STOCK, C. + + 1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of + vertebrate life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California + Inst. Tech., Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, + September. + + 1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., + October 23. + + 1953. El caballo pleistocenico (_Equus conversidens leoni_, subsp. + nov.) de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. + Mem. Congr. Cient. Mex., 3:170-171. + + +_Transmitted August 18, 1958._ + + +27-5516 + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Note: + +Replaced the two occurrences of male and female symbols with the words +"male" and "female". + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito +Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30217 *** diff --git a/30217-h/30217-h.htm b/30217-h/30217-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a903ce0 --- /dev/null +++ b/30217-h/30217-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,431 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México, by J. Knox Jones, Jr. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; } + + h1 { text-align: center; line-height: 1.5; clear: both; } + + h2,h3 { text-align: center; clear: both; } + + p.title { text-align: center; text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 3em; } + + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; } + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .i4 {display: block; margin-left: 2.5em; + padding-left: 2.5em; text-indent: -2.5em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30217 ***</div> + +<p class="title"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Museum of Natural History</span><br /><br /><br /> + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396<br /> +December 19, 1958</p> +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + + +<h1>Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave,<br /> +Nuevo León, México</h1> + + +<p class="title">BY<br /><br /> + +<big>J. KNOX JONES, JR.</big></p> + + +<p class="title"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> + +<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span><br /> + +1958</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Robert W. Wilson<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396<br /> +Published December 19, 1958<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<small>PRINTED IN</small><br /> +<small>THE STATE PRINTING PLANT</small><br /> +<small>TOPEKA, KANSAS</small><br /> +<small>1958</small><br /> +<br /> +<small>27-5516</small><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span></p> +<h2>Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave,<br /> +Nuevo León, México</h2> + +<p class="center"><small>BY</small><br /><br /> + +J. KNOX JONES, JR.<br /></p> + + +<p>Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near +Aramberri, Nuevo León, México, collected by field parties of the +California Institute of Technology under the direction of the late +Professor Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, +1943; Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, +1953; Stock, 1953; Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor +Stock loaned a portion of the San Josecito material to the +University of Kansas for identification. Included therein were 89 +crania and rami of bats, representing three families (Phyllostomidae, +Desmodontidae and Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented +by a single species. One of the species is here described as +new. Three of the kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and +two are Recent species.</p> + +<p>The only previous mention of fossil bats from México known to +me concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) +mentioned a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, +1948:17), and Handley (1955:48) based his description of +<i>Corynorhinus tetralophodon</i> on a specimen from San Josecito.</p> + +<p>Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller +(1943) and Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; +stratification data did not accompany the material sent +on loan to the University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna +is thought to have come from the higher levels in the cave +and is probably late Pleistocene.</p> + +<p>The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of +the Los Angeles County Museum.</p> + +<p>I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the +bats from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism +of the manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to +use comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. +Lucy Rempel made the drawings from photographs by John M. +Legler.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span></p> +<h3><i>Leptonycteris nivalis</i> (Saussure)</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Referred material.</i>—Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, 2956-64, +3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, 3942, 21 unnumbered, +of which 35 are nearly complete, lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae +and some teeth; three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, unnumbered.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not +differ appreciably from <i>Leptonycteris nivalis longala</i> Stains, the +largest Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that +occurs in the same geographic area today. Average and extremes +of three cranial measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito +Cave, followed in parentheses by the average and extreme measurements +of 23 adult <i>L. n. longala</i> from the type locality, 12 mi. S and +2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: +Greatest length of skull, 28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital +constriction, 5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, +11.1, 10.6-11.6 (10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average +larger than the series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, +especially breadth of braincase, but there is considerable +overlap in each case and the extremes of greatest length of skull +and of least interorbital constriction do not exceed the extremes in +the Recent series.</p> + + +<h3><i>Desmodus stocki</i>, new species</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Holotype.</i>—Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the left side, zygomatic +arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles County Museum (CIT) No. +3129; from Pleistocene deposits of San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo +León, México.</p> + +<p><i>Referred material.</i>—Twelve additional partial crania, LACM (CIT) 2946-50, +3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Resembling the Recent <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> but differing from +it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements and <a href="#figs1-4">Figs. 1-2</a>), heavier and +more massive; rostrum and braincase relatively as well as actually broader, +interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase more rounded (less +elongate) as viewed from above; nasals less concave in lateral view; narial +vacuity broader in relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly heart-shaped; +palate broad, less concave medially; mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually +broader anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches (judging from +No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete arch, the left) less rounded in +outline, appearing broader owing to the more constricted interorbital region.</p> + +<p>Dentition larger and heavier than that in <i>rotundus</i>, but otherwise differing +only slightly from it; upper incisor less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. +3-4); premolar and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots.</p> + +<p>The peculiar shape of the incisor of <i>stocki</i> is shared to some extent with +Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American desmodontid. However, <i>stocki</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span> +does not otherwise resemble <i>D. youngi</i>, differing from it as follows: Skull +larger and heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic arches +less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more elongate; braincase and rostrum +relatively much narrower in relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, +specimens of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to <i>youngi</i> by de +la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 191, 1956). For cranial measurements +of <i>youngi</i> see Sanborn (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949).</p> +</div> + +<p class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<a name="figs1-4" id="figs1-4"></a> +<img src="images/image001.png" width="600" height="328" alt="Figs. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of Desmodus +stocki, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Desmodus rotundus murinus, +♂, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × +1-1/2. Fig. 3. Lateral view of left upper incisor of D. stocki, +LACM (CIT) 2950, × 2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper +incisor of D. r. murinus, ♀, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, +Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2." title="Figs. 1-4." /> +<span class="caption">Figs. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of Desmodus +stocki, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Desmodus rotundus murinus, +♂, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × +1-1/2. Fig. 3. Lateral view of left upper incisor of D. stocki, +LACM (CIT) 2950, × 2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper +incisor of D. r. murinus, ♀, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, +Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2.</span> +</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The essential differences between <i>D. stocki</i> and <i>D. +rotundus</i> are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two +species are closely related; possibly <i>stocki</i> is ancestral to <i>rotundus</i>.</p> + +<p>The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, +under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave +were obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the +mammalian fauna from the cave.</p> + + +<h3><i>Eptesicus cf. grandis</i> (Brown)</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Referred material.</i>—One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right side and P4 +only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—This specimen is referred provisionally to <i>E. grandis</i>. +The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions +on the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than +in Recent <i>E. fuscus</i>. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 +in the holotype of <i>grandis</i>, less in <i>fuscus</i>); least interorbital constriction, +4.2 (4.3 in the holotype of <i>grandis</i>, more in <i>fuscus</i>); breadth +of rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span></p> +<p class="center"><b><span class="smcap">Table 1.</span>—Cranial measurements of two species of <i>Desmodus</i>.</b></p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table_1a"> +<tr><td align="center"> Catalogue number<br />or number of<br />specimens averaged</td> +<td align="center">Greatest<br />length<br />of skull</td> +<td align="center">Condylobasal<br />length</td> +<td align="center">Zygomatic<br />breadth</td> +<td align="center">Breadth<br />of<br />braincase</td> +<td align="center">Least<br />interorbital<br />constriction</td> +<td align="center">Breadth<br />of foramen<br />magnum</td></tr> + +<tr><th colspan="7"><i>Desmodus rotundus murinus</i>, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas</th></tr> + +<tr><td align="right">10 (3 ♂, 7 ♀) Ave. </td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center">21.4</td><td align="center">12.0</td><td align="center">12.1</td><td align="center">5.5</td><td align="center">5.2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">Max. </td><td align="center">24.9</td><td align="center">22.0</td><td align="center">12.5</td><td align="center">12.5</td><td align="center">5.6</td><td align="center">5.3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">Min. </td><td align="center">23.9</td><td align="center">21.0</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">11.9</td><td align="center">5.3</td><td align="center">5.1</td></tr> + +<tr><th colspan="7"><i>Desmodus stocki</i>, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León</th></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">2946</td><td align="center">27.3</td><td align="center">24.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">14.2</td><td align="center">6.1</td><td align="center">5.8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2947</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.6</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2948</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.9</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center">5.3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2949</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">24.7</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.9</td><td align="center">6.1</td><td align="center">5.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2950</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">14.1</td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3127</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">6.0</td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3128</td><td align="center">26.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center">5.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3129 (type)</td><td align="center">28.2</td><td align="center">24.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.7</td><td align="center">5.9</td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3940</td><td align="center">27.4</td><td align="center">24.4</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.8</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3941</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">24.6</td><td align="center">14.0</td><td align="center">13.7</td><td align="center">6.0</td><td align="center">5.6</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Brown (1908:174) originally named <i>grandis</i> as a subspecies of +<i>fuscus</i>. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. +Whether <i>grandis</i> is only a subspecies of <i>E. fuscus</i> or a separate +species, <i>grandis</i> is closely related to <i>fuscus</i>, and probably is ancestral +to it.</p> + + +<h3><i>Lasiurus cinereus</i> (Palisot de Beauvois)</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Referred material</i>.—One cranium, lacking basioccipital, tympanic and mastoid +regions, and most of the dentition, having only M3 on the right side and +M2-M3 on the left, LACM (CIT) 3160.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those +of 10 spring-taken specimens of <i>L. c. cinereus</i> from the San Gabriel +Mts., Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements +of No. 3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) +of the Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, +16.5 (15.9-17.2); zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least +interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, +8.7, 9.0 (8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, +5.1, 5.3 (4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively +unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span> +in parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates +surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question +may be of Recent origin.</p> + +<p>It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a +tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported +from caves (see Beer, 1954:116).</p> + + +<h3><i>Corynorhinus tetralophodon</i> Handley</h3> + +<p>A single cranium of a <i>Corynorhinus</i> LACM (CIT) 2989 was included +in the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. +Subsequently, this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., +who described it as a new species, <i>C. tetralophodon</i>. The latter is +said to differ from all other plecotine bats by the retention of a +well-developed fourth commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally +from metacone) on the M3 (Handley, 1955:48).</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>LITERATURE CITED</h2> + + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Beer, J. R.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, February 10.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Brown, B.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern Arkansas: +with description of two new genera and twenty new species +and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., 9:155-208, +pls. 14-25.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Cushing, J. E., Jr.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo +Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Findley, J. S.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. +Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, December 1.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Furlong, E. L.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San Josecito +Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 551:1-8, +5 pls., February 3.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Gidley, J. W.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Gazin, C. L.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. +Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 pls.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Handley, C. O., Jr.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1955. <i>A new Pleistocene bat</i> (Corynorhinus) <i>from Mexico</i>. Jour. Washington +Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Hooper, E. T.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus <i>Reithrodontomys</i>) +of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, +9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, January 16.</span><br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Maldonado-Koerdell, M.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en México. Revista Soc. +Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Jackway, G. E.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in press.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Miller, L.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. +California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Stains, H. J.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas +Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Stock, C.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of vertebrate +life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California Inst. Tech., +Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, September.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, +Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., October 23.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1953. El caballo pleistocenico (<i>Equus conversidens leoni</i>, subsp. nov.) +de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. Mem. Congr. +Cient. Mex., 3:170-171.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p><i>Transmitted August 18, 1958.</i></p> + + +<p class="center"><small>27-5516</small></p> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30217 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/30217-h/images/image001.png b/30217-h/images/image001.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c5774bf --- /dev/null +++ b/30217-h/images/image001.png diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e6b50a --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #30217 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30217) diff --git a/old/30217-8.txt b/old/30217-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf4dc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/30217-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,793 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico + +Author: J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30217] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLEISTOCENE BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +December 19, 1958 + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México + + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + +LAWRENCE + +1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Robert W. Wilson + + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +Published December 19, 1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED IN +THE STATE PRINTING PLANT +TOPEKA, KANSAS + +1958 + +27-5516 + + + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, +Nuevo León, México, collected by field parties of the California +Institute of Technology under the direction of the late Professor +Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, 1943; +Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, 1953; Stock, 1953; +Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor Stock loaned a +portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for +identification. Included therein were 89 crania and rami of bats, +representing three families (Phyllostomidae, Desmodontidae and +Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented by a single +species. One of the species is here described as new. Three of the +kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and two are Recent species. + +The only previous mention of fossil bats from México known to me +concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) mentioned +a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948:17), +and Handley (1955:48) based his description of _Corynorhinus +tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. + +Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller (1943) and +Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; +stratification data did not accompany the material sent on loan to the +University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna is thought to +have come from the higher levels in the cave and is probably late +Pleistocene. + +The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los +Angeles County Museum. + +I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the bats +from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism of the +manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to use +comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. Lucy Rempel +made the drawings from photographs by John M. Legler. + + +_Leptonycteris nivalis_ (Saussure) + + _Referred material._--Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, + 2956-64, 3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, + 3942, 21 unnumbered, of which 35 are nearly complete, + lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae and some teeth; + three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, + unnumbered. + +_Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ +appreciably from _Leptonycteris nivalis longala_ Stains, the largest +Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that occurs in the +same geographic area today. Average and extremes of three cranial +measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in +parentheses by the average and extreme measurements of 23 adult _L. n. +longala_ from the type locality, 12 mi. S and 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 +ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: Greatest length of skull, +28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital constriction, +5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, 11.1, 10.6-11.6 +(10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average larger than the +series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, especially +breadth of braincase, but there is considerable overlap in each case +and the extremes of greatest length of skull and of least interorbital +constriction do not exceed the extremes in the Recent series. + + +_Desmodus stocki_, new species + + _Holotype._--Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the + left side, zygomatic arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles + County Museum (CIT) No. 3129; from Pleistocene deposits of + San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. + + _Referred material._--Twelve additional partial crania, LACM + (CIT) 2946-50, 3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered. + + _Diagnosis._--Resembling the Recent _Desmodus rotundus_ but + differing from it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements + and Figs. 1-2), heavier and more massive; rostrum and + braincase relatively as well as actually broader, + interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase + more rounded (less elongate) as viewed from above; nasals + less concave in lateral view; narial vacuity broader in + relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly + heart-shaped; palate broad, less concave medially; + mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually broader + anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches + (judging from No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete + arch, the left) less rounded in outline, appearing broader + owing to the more constricted interorbital region. + + Dentition larger and heavier than that in _rotundus_, but + otherwise differing only slightly from it; upper incisor + less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. 3-4); premolar + and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots. + + The peculiar shape of the incisor of _stocki_ is shared to + some extent with Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American + desmodontid. However, _stocki_ does not otherwise resemble + _D. youngi_, differing from it as follows: Skull larger and + heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic + arches less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more + elongate; braincase and rostrum relatively much narrower in + relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, specimens + of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to + _youngi_ by de la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: + 191, 1956). For cranial measurements of _youngi_ see Sanborn + (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949). + +[Illustration: FIGS. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of _Desmodus +stocki_, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, +male, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × 1-1/2. Fig. 3. +Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. stocki_, LACM (CIT) 2950, × +2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. r. murinus_, +female, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2.] + +_Remarks._--The essential differences between _D. stocki_ and _D. +rotundus_ are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two +species are closely related; possibly _stocki_ is ancestral to +_rotundus_. + +The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, +under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were +obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the mammalian +fauna from the cave. + + +_Eptesicus cf. grandis_ (Brown) + + _Referred material._--One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right + side and P4 only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990. + +_Remarks._--This specimen is referred provisionally to _E. grandis_. +The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions on +the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than in Recent +_E. fuscus_. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 in the holotype +of _grandis_, less in _fuscus_); least interorbital constriction, 4.2 +(4.3 in the holotype of _grandis_, more in _fuscus_); breadth of +rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3. + + +TABLE 1.--Cranial measurements of two species of _Desmodus_. + +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- +Catalogue number | G o | C l | Z b | B b | L c | B f +or number of | r f | o e | y r | r r | e o | r o +specimens averaged | e | n n | g e | e a | a n | e r + | a s | d g | o a | a i | s s | a a + | t k | y t | m d | d n | t t | d m + | e u | l h | a t | t c | r | t e + | s l | o | t h | h a | i i | h n + | t l | b | i | s | n c | + | | a | c | o e | t t | o m + | l | s | | f | e i | f a + | e | a | | | r o | g + | n | l | | | o n | n + | g | | | | r | u + | t | | | | b | m + | h | | | | i | + | | | | | t | + | | | | | a | + | | | | | l | +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + + _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas + +10 (3 male, Ave. | 24.3 | 21.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 + 7 female) Max. | 24.9 | 22.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 + Min. | 23.9 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 + + _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León + +2946 | 27.3 | 24.5 | | 14.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 +2947 | | | | 13.6 | | 5.7 +2948 | | 24.3 | | 13.9 | 6.2 | 5.3 +2949 | | 24.7 | | 13.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 +2950 | | | 14.1 | 13.5 | | 5.7 +3127 | | | | 13.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 +3128 | 26.5 | | | 13.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 +3129 (type) | 28.2 | 24.5 | | 13.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 +3940 | 27.4 | 24.4 | | 13.8 | 6.2 | +3941 | | 24.6 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + +Brown (1908:174) originally named _grandis_ as a subspecies of +_fuscus_. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. +Whether _grandis_ is only a subspecies of _E. fuscus_ or a separate +species, _grandis_ is closely related to _fuscus_, and probably is +ancestral to it. + + +_Lasiurus cinereus_ (Palisot de Beauvois) + + _Referred material_.--One cranium, lacking basioccipital, + tympanic and mastoid regions, and most of the dentition, + having only M3 on the right side and M2-M3 on the left, LACM + (CIT) 3160. + +_Remarks._--The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those of 10 +spring-taken specimens of _L. c. cinereus_ from the San Gabriel Mts., +Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements of No. +3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) of the +Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, 16.5 (15.9-17.2); +zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least interorbital +constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, 8.7, 9.0 +(8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, 5.1, 5.3 +(4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively +unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus" in +parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates +surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question may +be of Recent origin. + +It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a +tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported +from caves (see Beer, 1954:116). + + +_Corynorhinus tetralophodon_ Handley + +A single cranium of a _Corynorhinus_ LACM (CIT) 2989 was included in +the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. Subsequently, +this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., who described it +as a new species, _C. tetralophodon_. The latter is said to differ from +all other plecotine bats by the retention of a well-developed fourth +commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally from metacone) on the M3 +(Handley, 1955:48). + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +BEER, J. R. + + 1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, + February 10. + +BROWN, B. + + 1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern + Arkansas: with description of two new genera and twenty new + species and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., + 9:155-208, pls. 14-25. + +CUSHING, J. E., JR. + + 1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo + Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, + December 1. + +FURLONG, E. L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San + Josecito Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., + 551:1-8, 5 pls., February 3. + +GIDLEY, J. W., and GAZIN, C. L. + + 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, + Maryland. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 + pls. + +HANDLEY, C. O., JR. + + 1955. _A new Pleistocene bat_ (Corynorhinus) _from Mexico_. Jour. + Washington Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14. + +HOOPER, E. T. + + 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus + _Reithrodontomys_) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. + Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, + January 16. + +MALDONADO-KOERDELL, M. + + 1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en México. Revista + Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June. + +JACKWAY, G. E. + + 1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito + Cave, Nuevo León, México. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in + press. + +MILLER, L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20. + +STAINS, H. J. + + 1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. + +STOCK, C. + + 1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of + vertebrate life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California + Inst. Tech., Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, + September. + + 1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., + October 23. + + 1953. El caballo pleistocenico (_Equus conversidens leoni_, subsp. + nov.) de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. + Mem. Congr. Cient. Mex., 3:170-171. + + +_Transmitted August 18, 1958._ + + +27-5516 + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Note: + +Replaced the two occurrences of male and female symbols with the words +"male" and "female". + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito +Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. 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Knox Jones, Jr. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico + +Author: J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30217] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLEISTOCENE BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + + + +<p class="title"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Museum of Natural History</span><br /><br /><br /> + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396<br /> +December 19, 1958</p> +<hr style="width: 25%;" /> + + +<h1>Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave,<br /> +Nuevo León, México</h1> + + +<p class="title">BY<br /><br /> + +<big>J. KNOX JONES, JR.</big></p> + + +<p class="title"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> + +<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span><br /> + +1958</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Robert W. Wilson<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396<br /> +Published December 19, 1958<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<small>PRINTED IN</small><br /> +<small>THE STATE PRINTING PLANT</small><br /> +<small>TOPEKA, KANSAS</small><br /> +<small>1958</small><br /> +<br /> +<small>27-5516</small><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span></p> +<h2>Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave,<br /> +Nuevo León, México</h2> + +<p class="center"><small>BY</small><br /><br /> + +J. KNOX JONES, JR.<br /></p> + + +<p>Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near +Aramberri, Nuevo León, México, collected by field parties of the +California Institute of Technology under the direction of the late +Professor Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, +1943; Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, +1953; Stock, 1953; Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor +Stock loaned a portion of the San Josecito material to the +University of Kansas for identification. Included therein were 89 +crania and rami of bats, representing three families (Phyllostomidae, +Desmodontidae and Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented +by a single species. One of the species is here described as +new. Three of the kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and +two are Recent species.</p> + +<p>The only previous mention of fossil bats from México known to +me concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) +mentioned a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, +1948:17), and Handley (1955:48) based his description of +<i>Corynorhinus tetralophodon</i> on a specimen from San Josecito.</p> + +<p>Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller +(1943) and Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; +stratification data did not accompany the material sent +on loan to the University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna +is thought to have come from the higher levels in the cave +and is probably late Pleistocene.</p> + +<p>The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of +the Los Angeles County Museum.</p> + +<p>I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the +bats from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism +of the manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to +use comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. +Lucy Rempel made the drawings from photographs by John M. +Legler.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span></p> +<h3><i>Leptonycteris nivalis</i> (Saussure)</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Referred material.</i>—Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, 2956-64, +3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, 3942, 21 unnumbered, +of which 35 are nearly complete, lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae +and some teeth; three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, unnumbered.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not +differ appreciably from <i>Leptonycteris nivalis longala</i> Stains, the +largest Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that +occurs in the same geographic area today. Average and extremes +of three cranial measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito +Cave, followed in parentheses by the average and extreme measurements +of 23 adult <i>L. n. longala</i> from the type locality, 12 mi. S and +2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: +Greatest length of skull, 28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital +constriction, 5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, +11.1, 10.6-11.6 (10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average +larger than the series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, +especially breadth of braincase, but there is considerable +overlap in each case and the extremes of greatest length of skull +and of least interorbital constriction do not exceed the extremes in +the Recent series.</p> + + +<h3><i>Desmodus stocki</i>, new species</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Holotype.</i>—Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the left side, zygomatic +arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles County Museum (CIT) No. +3129; from Pleistocene deposits of San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo +León, México.</p> + +<p><i>Referred material.</i>—Twelve additional partial crania, LACM (CIT) 2946-50, +3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Resembling the Recent <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> but differing from +it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements and <a href="#figs1-4">Figs. 1-2</a>), heavier and +more massive; rostrum and braincase relatively as well as actually broader, +interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase more rounded (less +elongate) as viewed from above; nasals less concave in lateral view; narial +vacuity broader in relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly heart-shaped; +palate broad, less concave medially; mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually +broader anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches (judging from +No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete arch, the left) less rounded in +outline, appearing broader owing to the more constricted interorbital region.</p> + +<p>Dentition larger and heavier than that in <i>rotundus</i>, but otherwise differing +only slightly from it; upper incisor less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. +3-4); premolar and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots.</p> + +<p>The peculiar shape of the incisor of <i>stocki</i> is shared to some extent with +Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American desmodontid. However, <i>stocki</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span> +does not otherwise resemble <i>D. youngi</i>, differing from it as follows: Skull +larger and heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic arches +less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more elongate; braincase and rostrum +relatively much narrower in relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, +specimens of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to <i>youngi</i> by de +la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 191, 1956). For cranial measurements +of <i>youngi</i> see Sanborn (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949).</p> +</div> + +<p class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<a name="figs1-4" id="figs1-4"></a> +<img src="images/image001.png" width="600" height="328" alt="Figs. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of Desmodus +stocki, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Desmodus rotundus murinus, +♂, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × +1-1/2. Fig. 3. Lateral view of left upper incisor of D. stocki, +LACM (CIT) 2950, × 2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper +incisor of D. r. murinus, ♀, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, +Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2." title="Figs. 1-4." /> +<span class="caption">Figs. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of Desmodus +stocki, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of Desmodus rotundus murinus, +♂, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × +1-1/2. Fig. 3. Lateral view of left upper incisor of D. stocki, +LACM (CIT) 2950, × 2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper +incisor of D. r. murinus, ♀, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, +Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2.</span> +</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The essential differences between <i>D. stocki</i> and <i>D. +rotundus</i> are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two +species are closely related; possibly <i>stocki</i> is ancestral to <i>rotundus</i>.</p> + +<p>The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, +under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave +were obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the +mammalian fauna from the cave.</p> + + +<h3><i>Eptesicus cf. grandis</i> (Brown)</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Referred material.</i>—One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right side and P4 +only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—This specimen is referred provisionally to <i>E. grandis</i>. +The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions +on the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than +in Recent <i>E. fuscus</i>. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 +in the holotype of <i>grandis</i>, less in <i>fuscus</i>); least interorbital constriction, +4.2 (4.3 in the holotype of <i>grandis</i>, more in <i>fuscus</i>); breadth +of rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span></p> +<p class="center"><b><span class="smcap">Table 1.</span>—Cranial measurements of two species of <i>Desmodus</i>.</b></p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table_1a"> +<tr><td align="center"> Catalogue number<br />or number of<br />specimens averaged</td> +<td align="center">Greatest<br />length<br />of skull</td> +<td align="center">Condylobasal<br />length</td> +<td align="center">Zygomatic<br />breadth</td> +<td align="center">Breadth<br />of<br />braincase</td> +<td align="center">Least<br />interorbital<br />constriction</td> +<td align="center">Breadth<br />of foramen<br />magnum</td></tr> + +<tr><th colspan="7"><i>Desmodus rotundus murinus</i>, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas</th></tr> + +<tr><td align="right">10 (3 ♂, 7 ♀) Ave. </td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center">21.4</td><td align="center">12.0</td><td align="center">12.1</td><td align="center">5.5</td><td align="center">5.2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">Max. </td><td align="center">24.9</td><td align="center">22.0</td><td align="center">12.5</td><td align="center">12.5</td><td align="center">5.6</td><td align="center">5.3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">Min. </td><td align="center">23.9</td><td align="center">21.0</td><td align="center">11.7</td><td align="center">11.9</td><td align="center">5.3</td><td align="center">5.1</td></tr> + +<tr><th colspan="7"><i>Desmodus stocki</i>, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León</th></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">2946</td><td align="center">27.3</td><td align="center">24.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">14.2</td><td align="center">6.1</td><td align="center">5.8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2947</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.6</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2948</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.9</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center">5.3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2949</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">24.7</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.9</td><td align="center">6.1</td><td align="center">5.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2950</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">14.1</td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3127</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">6.0</td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3128</td><td align="center">26.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.5</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center">5.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3129 (type)</td><td align="center">28.2</td><td align="center">24.5</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.7</td><td align="center">5.9</td><td align="center">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3940</td><td align="center">27.4</td><td align="center">24.4</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">13.8</td><td align="center">6.2</td><td align="center"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">3941</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center">24.6</td><td align="center">14.0</td><td align="center">13.7</td><td align="center">6.0</td><td align="center">5.6</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>Brown (1908:174) originally named <i>grandis</i> as a subspecies of +<i>fuscus</i>. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. +Whether <i>grandis</i> is only a subspecies of <i>E. fuscus</i> or a separate +species, <i>grandis</i> is closely related to <i>fuscus</i>, and probably is ancestral +to it.</p> + + +<h3><i>Lasiurus cinereus</i> (Palisot de Beauvois)</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Referred material</i>.—One cranium, lacking basioccipital, tympanic and mastoid +regions, and most of the dentition, having only M3 on the right side and +M2-M3 on the left, LACM (CIT) 3160.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those +of 10 spring-taken specimens of <i>L. c. cinereus</i> from the San Gabriel +Mts., Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements +of No. 3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) +of the Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, +16.5 (15.9-17.2); zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least +interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, +8.7, 9.0 (8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, +5.1, 5.3 (4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively +unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span> +in parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates +surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question +may be of Recent origin.</p> + +<p>It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a +tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported +from caves (see Beer, 1954:116).</p> + + +<h3><i>Corynorhinus tetralophodon</i> Handley</h3> + +<p>A single cranium of a <i>Corynorhinus</i> LACM (CIT) 2989 was included +in the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. +Subsequently, this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., +who described it as a new species, <i>C. tetralophodon</i>. The latter is +said to differ from all other plecotine bats by the retention of a +well-developed fourth commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally +from metacone) on the M3 (Handley, 1955:48).</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>LITERATURE CITED</h2> + + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Beer, J. R.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, February 10.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Brown, B.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern Arkansas: +with description of two new genera and twenty new species +and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., 9:155-208, +pls. 14-25.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Cushing, J. E., Jr.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo +Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Findley, J. S.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. +Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, December 1.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Furlong, E. L.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San Josecito +Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 551:1-8, +5 pls., February 3.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Gidley, J. W.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Gazin, C. L.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. +Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 pls.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Handley, C. O., Jr.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1955. <i>A new Pleistocene bat</i> (Corynorhinus) <i>from Mexico</i>. Jour. Washington +Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Hooper, E. T.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus <i>Reithrodontomys</i>) +of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, +9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, January 16.</span><br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Maldonado-Koerdell, M.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en México. Revista Soc. +Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Jackway, G. E.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo León, México. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in press.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Miller, L.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. +California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Stains, H. J.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas +Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Stock, C.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of vertebrate +life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California Inst. Tech., +Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, September.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, +Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., October 23.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1953. El caballo pleistocenico (<i>Equus conversidens leoni</i>, subsp. nov.) +de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. Mem. Congr. +Cient. Mex., 3:170-171.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p><i>Transmitted August 18, 1958.</i></p> + + +<p class="center"><small>27-5516</small></p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito +Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. 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Knox Jones, Jr. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico + +Author: J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30217] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLEISTOCENE BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +December 19, 1958 + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico + + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + +LAWRENCE + +1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Robert W. Wilson + + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +Published December 19, 1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED IN +THE STATE PRINTING PLANT +TOPEKA, KANSAS + +1958 + +27-5516 + + + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico, collected by field parties of the California +Institute of Technology under the direction of the late Professor +Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, 1943; +Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, 1953; Stock, 1953; +Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor Stock loaned a +portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for +identification. Included therein were 89 crania and rami of bats, +representing three families (Phyllostomidae, Desmodontidae and +Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented by a single +species. One of the species is here described as new. Three of the +kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and two are Recent species. + +The only previous mention of fossil bats from Mexico known to me +concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) mentioned +a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948:17), +and Handley (1955:48) based his description of _Corynorhinus +tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. + +Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller (1943) and +Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; +stratification data did not accompany the material sent on loan to the +University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna is thought to +have come from the higher levels in the cave and is probably late +Pleistocene. + +The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los +Angeles County Museum. + +I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the bats +from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism of the +manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to use +comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. Lucy Rempel +made the drawings from photographs by John M. Legler. + + +_Leptonycteris nivalis_ (Saussure) + + _Referred material._--Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, + 2956-64, 3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, + 3942, 21 unnumbered, of which 35 are nearly complete, + lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae and some teeth; + three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, + unnumbered. + +_Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ +appreciably from _Leptonycteris nivalis longala_ Stains, the largest +Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that occurs in the +same geographic area today. Average and extremes of three cranial +measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in +parentheses by the average and extreme measurements of 23 adult _L. n. +longala_ from the type locality, 12 mi. S and 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 +ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: Greatest length of skull, +28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital constriction, +5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, 11.1, 10.6-11.6 +(10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average larger than the +series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, especially +breadth of braincase, but there is considerable overlap in each case +and the extremes of greatest length of skull and of least interorbital +constriction do not exceed the extremes in the Recent series. + + +_Desmodus stocki_, new species + + _Holotype._--Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the + left side, zygomatic arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles + County Museum (CIT) No. 3129; from Pleistocene deposits of + San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. + + _Referred material._--Twelve additional partial crania, LACM + (CIT) 2946-50, 3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered. + + _Diagnosis._--Resembling the Recent _Desmodus rotundus_ but + differing from it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements + and Figs. 1-2), heavier and more massive; rostrum and + braincase relatively as well as actually broader, + interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase + more rounded (less elongate) as viewed from above; nasals + less concave in lateral view; narial vacuity broader in + relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly + heart-shaped; palate broad, less concave medially; + mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually broader + anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches + (judging from No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete + arch, the left) less rounded in outline, appearing broader + owing to the more constricted interorbital region. + + Dentition larger and heavier than that in _rotundus_, but + otherwise differing only slightly from it; upper incisor + less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. 3-4); premolar + and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots. + + The peculiar shape of the incisor of _stocki_ is shared to + some extent with Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American + desmodontid. However, _stocki_ does not otherwise resemble + _D. youngi_, differing from it as follows: Skull larger and + heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic + arches less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more + elongate; braincase and rostrum relatively much narrower in + relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, specimens + of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to + _youngi_ by de la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: + 191, 1956). For cranial measurements of _youngi_ see Sanborn + (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949). + +[Illustration: FIGS. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of _Desmodus +stocki_, x 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, +male, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, x 1-1/2. Fig. 3. +Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. stocki_, LACM (CIT) 2950, x +2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. r. murinus_, +female, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, x 2-1/2.] + +_Remarks._--The essential differences between _D. stocki_ and _D. +rotundus_ are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two +species are closely related; possibly _stocki_ is ancestral to +_rotundus_. + +The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, +under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were +obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the mammalian +fauna from the cave. + + +_Eptesicus cf. grandis_ (Brown) + + _Referred material._--One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right + side and P4 only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990. + +_Remarks._--This specimen is referred provisionally to _E. grandis_. +The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions on +the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than in Recent +_E. fuscus_. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 in the holotype +of _grandis_, less in _fuscus_); least interorbital constriction, 4.2 +(4.3 in the holotype of _grandis_, more in _fuscus_); breadth of +rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3. + + +TABLE 1.--Cranial measurements of two species of _Desmodus_. + +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- +Catalogue number | G o | C l | Z b | B b | L c | B f +or number of | r f | o e | y r | r r | e o | r o +specimens averaged | e | n n | g e | e a | a n | e r + | a s | d g | o a | a i | s s | a a + | t k | y t | m d | d n | t t | d m + | e u | l h | a t | t c | r | t e + | s l | o | t h | h a | i i | h n + | t l | b | i | s | n c | + | | a | c | o e | t t | o m + | l | s | | f | e i | f a + | e | a | | | r o | g + | n | l | | | o n | n + | g | | | | r | u + | t | | | | b | m + | h | | | | i | + | | | | | t | + | | | | | a | + | | | | | l | +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + + _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas + +10 (3 male, Ave. | 24.3 | 21.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 + 7 female) Max. | 24.9 | 22.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 + Min. | 23.9 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 + + _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon + +2946 | 27.3 | 24.5 | | 14.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 +2947 | | | | 13.6 | | 5.7 +2948 | | 24.3 | | 13.9 | 6.2 | 5.3 +2949 | | 24.7 | | 13.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 +2950 | | | 14.1 | 13.5 | | 5.7 +3127 | | | | 13.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 +3128 | 26.5 | | | 13.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 +3129 (type) | 28.2 | 24.5 | | 13.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 +3940 | 27.4 | 24.4 | | 13.8 | 6.2 | +3941 | | 24.6 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + +Brown (1908:174) originally named _grandis_ as a subspecies of +_fuscus_. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. +Whether _grandis_ is only a subspecies of _E. fuscus_ or a separate +species, _grandis_ is closely related to _fuscus_, and probably is +ancestral to it. + + +_Lasiurus cinereus_ (Palisot de Beauvois) + + _Referred material_.--One cranium, lacking basioccipital, + tympanic and mastoid regions, and most of the dentition, + having only M3 on the right side and M2-M3 on the left, LACM + (CIT) 3160. + +_Remarks._--The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those of 10 +spring-taken specimens of _L. c. cinereus_ from the San Gabriel Mts., +Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements of No. +3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) of the +Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, 16.5 (15.9-17.2); +zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least interorbital +constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, 8.7, 9.0 +(8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, 5.1, 5.3 +(4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively +unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus" in +parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates +surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question may +be of Recent origin. + +It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a +tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported +from caves (see Beer, 1954:116). + + +_Corynorhinus tetralophodon_ Handley + +A single cranium of a _Corynorhinus_ LACM (CIT) 2989 was included in +the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. Subsequently, +this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., who described it +as a new species, _C. tetralophodon_. The latter is said to differ from +all other plecotine bats by the retention of a well-developed fourth +commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally from metacone) on the M3 +(Handley, 1955:48). + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +BEER, J. R. + + 1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, + February 10. + +BROWN, B. + + 1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern + Arkansas: with description of two new genera and twenty new + species and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., + 9:155-208, pls. 14-25. + +CUSHING, J. E., JR. + + 1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo + Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, + December 1. + +FURLONG, E. L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San + Josecito Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., + 551:1-8, 5 pls., February 3. + +GIDLEY, J. W., and GAZIN, C. L. + + 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, + Maryland. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 + pls. + +HANDLEY, C. O., JR. + + 1955. _A new Pleistocene bat_ (Corynorhinus) _from Mexico_. Jour. + Washington Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14. + +HOOPER, E. T. + + 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus + _Reithrodontomys_) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. + Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, + January 16. + +MALDONADO-KOERDELL, M. + + 1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en Mexico. Revista + Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June. + +JACKWAY, G. E. + + 1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito + Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in + press. + +MILLER, L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20. + +STAINS, H. J. + + 1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. + +STOCK, C. + + 1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of + vertebrate life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California + Inst. Tech., Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, + September. + + 1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., + October 23. + + 1953. El caballo pleistocenico (_Equus conversidens leoni_, subsp. + nov.) de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. + Mem. Congr. Cient. Mex., 3:170-171. + + +_Transmitted August 18, 1958._ + + +27-5516 + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Note: + +Replaced the two occurrences of male and female symbols with the words +"male" and "female". + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito +Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. 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