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diff --git a/old/30217.txt b/old/30217.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2bc542 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/30217.txt @@ -0,0 +1,793 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico + +Author: J. Knox Jones, Jr. + +Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30217] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PLEISTOCENE BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +December 19, 1958 + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico + + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + +LAWRENCE + +1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Robert W. Wilson + + +Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 +Published December 19, 1958 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED IN +THE STATE PRINTING PLANT +TOPEKA, KANSAS + +1958 + +27-5516 + + + + +Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, +Nuevo Leon, Mexico, collected by field parties of the California +Institute of Technology under the direction of the late Professor +Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, 1943; +Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, 1953; Stock, 1953; +Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor Stock loaned a +portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for +identification. Included therein were 89 crania and rami of bats, +representing three families (Phyllostomidae, Desmodontidae and +Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented by a single +species. One of the species is here described as new. Three of the +kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and two are Recent species. + +The only previous mention of fossil bats from Mexico known to me +concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) mentioned +a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948:17), +and Handley (1955:48) based his description of _Corynorhinus +tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. + +Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller (1943) and +Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; +stratification data did not accompany the material sent on loan to the +University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna is thought to +have come from the higher levels in the cave and is probably late +Pleistocene. + +The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los +Angeles County Museum. + +I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the bats +from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism of the +manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to use +comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. Lucy Rempel +made the drawings from photographs by John M. Legler. + + +_Leptonycteris nivalis_ (Saussure) + + _Referred material._--Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, + 2956-64, 3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, + 3942, 21 unnumbered, of which 35 are nearly complete, + lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae and some teeth; + three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, + unnumbered. + +_Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ +appreciably from _Leptonycteris nivalis longala_ Stains, the largest +Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that occurs in the +same geographic area today. Average and extremes of three cranial +measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in +parentheses by the average and extreme measurements of 23 adult _L. n. +longala_ from the type locality, 12 mi. S and 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 +ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: Greatest length of skull, +28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital constriction, +5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, 11.1, 10.6-11.6 +(10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average larger than the +series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, especially +breadth of braincase, but there is considerable overlap in each case +and the extremes of greatest length of skull and of least interorbital +constriction do not exceed the extremes in the Recent series. + + +_Desmodus stocki_, new species + + _Holotype._--Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the + left side, zygomatic arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles + County Museum (CIT) No. 3129; from Pleistocene deposits of + San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. + + _Referred material._--Twelve additional partial crania, LACM + (CIT) 2946-50, 3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered. + + _Diagnosis._--Resembling the Recent _Desmodus rotundus_ but + differing from it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements + and Figs. 1-2), heavier and more massive; rostrum and + braincase relatively as well as actually broader, + interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase + more rounded (less elongate) as viewed from above; nasals + less concave in lateral view; narial vacuity broader in + relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly + heart-shaped; palate broad, less concave medially; + mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually broader + anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches + (judging from No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete + arch, the left) less rounded in outline, appearing broader + owing to the more constricted interorbital region. + + Dentition larger and heavier than that in _rotundus_, but + otherwise differing only slightly from it; upper incisor + less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. 3-4); premolar + and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots. + + The peculiar shape of the incisor of _stocki_ is shared to + some extent with Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American + desmodontid. However, _stocki_ does not otherwise resemble + _D. youngi_, differing from it as follows: Skull larger and + heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic + arches less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more + elongate; braincase and rostrum relatively much narrower in + relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, specimens + of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to + _youngi_ by de la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: + 191, 1956). For cranial measurements of _youngi_ see Sanborn + (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949). + +[Illustration: FIGS. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of _Desmodus +stocki_, x 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, +male, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, x 1-1/2. Fig. 3. +Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. stocki_, LACM (CIT) 2950, x +2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. r. murinus_, +female, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, x 2-1/2.] + +_Remarks._--The essential differences between _D. stocki_ and _D. +rotundus_ are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two +species are closely related; possibly _stocki_ is ancestral to +_rotundus_. + +The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, +under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were +obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the mammalian +fauna from the cave. + + +_Eptesicus cf. grandis_ (Brown) + + _Referred material._--One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right + side and P4 only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990. + +_Remarks._--This specimen is referred provisionally to _E. grandis_. +The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions on +the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than in Recent +_E. fuscus_. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 in the holotype +of _grandis_, less in _fuscus_); least interorbital constriction, 4.2 +(4.3 in the holotype of _grandis_, more in _fuscus_); breadth of +rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3. + + +TABLE 1.--Cranial measurements of two species of _Desmodus_. + +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- +Catalogue number | G o | C l | Z b | B b | L c | B f +or number of | r f | o e | y r | r r | e o | r o +specimens averaged | e | n n | g e | e a | a n | e r + | a s | d g | o a | a i | s s | a a + | t k | y t | m d | d n | t t | d m + | e u | l h | a t | t c | r | t e + | s l | o | t h | h a | i i | h n + | t l | b | i | s | n c | + | | a | c | o e | t t | o m + | l | s | | f | e i | f a + | e | a | | | r o | g + | n | l | | | o n | n + | g | | | | r | u + | t | | | | b | m + | h | | | | i | + | | | | | t | + | | | | | a | + | | | | | l | +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + + _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas + +10 (3 male, Ave. | 24.3 | 21.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 + 7 female) Max. | 24.9 | 22.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 + Min. | 23.9 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 + + _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon + +2946 | 27.3 | 24.5 | | 14.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 +2947 | | | | 13.6 | | 5.7 +2948 | | 24.3 | | 13.9 | 6.2 | 5.3 +2949 | | 24.7 | | 13.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 +2950 | | | 14.1 | 13.5 | | 5.7 +3127 | | | | 13.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 +3128 | 26.5 | | | 13.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 +3129 (type) | 28.2 | 24.5 | | 13.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 +3940 | 27.4 | 24.4 | | 13.8 | 6.2 | +3941 | | 24.6 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 +---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- + +Brown (1908:174) originally named _grandis_ as a subspecies of +_fuscus_. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. +Whether _grandis_ is only a subspecies of _E. fuscus_ or a separate +species, _grandis_ is closely related to _fuscus_, and probably is +ancestral to it. + + +_Lasiurus cinereus_ (Palisot de Beauvois) + + _Referred material_.--One cranium, lacking basioccipital, + tympanic and mastoid regions, and most of the dentition, + having only M3 on the right side and M2-M3 on the left, LACM + (CIT) 3160. + +_Remarks._--The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those of 10 +spring-taken specimens of _L. c. cinereus_ from the San Gabriel Mts., +Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements of No. +3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) of the +Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, 16.5 (15.9-17.2); +zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least interorbital +constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, 8.7, 9.0 +(8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, 5.1, 5.3 +(4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively +unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus" in +parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates +surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question may +be of Recent origin. + +It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a +tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported +from caves (see Beer, 1954:116). + + +_Corynorhinus tetralophodon_ Handley + +A single cranium of a _Corynorhinus_ LACM (CIT) 2989 was included in +the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. Subsequently, +this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., who described it +as a new species, _C. tetralophodon_. The latter is said to differ from +all other plecotine bats by the retention of a well-developed fourth +commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally from metacone) on the M3 +(Handley, 1955:48). + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +BEER, J. R. + + 1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, + February 10. + +BROWN, B. + + 1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern + Arkansas: with description of two new genera and twenty new + species and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., + 9:155-208, pls. 14-25. + +CUSHING, J. E., JR. + + 1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo + Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, + December 1. + +FURLONG, E. L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San + Josecito Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., + 551:1-8, 5 pls., February 3. + +GIDLEY, J. W., and GAZIN, C. L. + + 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, + Maryland. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 + pls. + +HANDLEY, C. O., JR. + + 1955. _A new Pleistocene bat_ (Corynorhinus) _from Mexico_. Jour. + Washington Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14. + +HOOPER, E. T. + + 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus + _Reithrodontomys_) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. + Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, + January 16. + +MALDONADO-KOERDELL, M. + + 1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en Mexico. Revista + Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June. + +JACKWAY, G. E. + + 1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito + Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in + press. + +MILLER, L. + + 1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20. + +STAINS, H. J. + + 1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. + +STOCK, C. + + 1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of + vertebrate life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California + Inst. Tech., Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, + September. + + 1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., + October 23. + + 1953. El caballo pleistocenico (_Equus conversidens leoni_, subsp. + nov.) de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. + Mem. Congr. Cient. Mex., 3:170-171. + + +_Transmitted August 18, 1958._ + + +27-5516 + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Note: + +Replaced the two occurrences of male and female symbols with the words +"male" and "female". + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito +Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. 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