initial commit of ebook 30221HEADmain

64 files changed, 11397 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/30221-0.txt b/30221-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a0dc16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1131 @@
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30221 ***
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ Vol. 1. No. 1.    JANUARY, 1897.    PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.
+ ONCE A MONTH.
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY
+ COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ [Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+ OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+ CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ A MONTHLY SERIAL
+ DESIGNED TO PROMOTE
+ KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE
+
+
+    "With cheerful hop from perch to spray,
+       They sport along the meads;
+     In social bliss together stray,
+       Where love or fancy leads.
+
+     Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair
+       Their fluttering joys pursue;
+     Its various charms and produce share,
+       Forever kind and true."
+
+
+ CHICAGO, U. S. A.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
+ 1896
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these
+likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance,
+(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful
+does photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing
+plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and,
+what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the REAL COLORS of
+nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.
+
+We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: "_An
+excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of Agriculture
+at Washington that the public schools of the country shall have a new
+holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already adopted the
+suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow. Of course,
+Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor Day. We can
+plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day take the form
+of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird studies--any form of
+entertainment, in fact, which will bring children closer to their little
+brethren of the air, and in more intelligent sympathy with their life
+and ways. There is a wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our
+children know it. Few of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of
+a year can well and profitably be given over to the birds. Than such
+study, nothing can be more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate
+acquaintanceship with our feathered friends is a source of genuine
+pleasure. We are under greater obligations to the birds than we dream
+of. Without them the world would be more barren than we imagine.
+Consequently, we have some duties which we owe them. What these duties
+are only a few of us know or have ever taken the trouble to find out.
+Our children should not be allowed to grow to maturity without this
+knowledge. The more they know of the birds the better men and women
+they will be. We can hardly encourage such studies too much."
+
+Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.
+
+They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study
+for all lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are
+doing a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.
+
+The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.
+
+                                    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ Copyrighted, 1896.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+I am called the Nonpareil because there is no other bird equal to me.
+
+I have many names. Some call me the "Painted Finch" or "Painted
+Bunting." Others call me "The Pope," because I wear a purple hood.
+
+I live in a cage, eat seeds, and am very fond of flies and spiders.
+
+Sometimes they let me out of the cage and I fly about the room and catch
+flies. I like to catch them while they are flying.
+
+When I am tired I stop and sing. There is a vase of flowers in front of
+the mirror.
+
+I fly to this vase where I can see myself in the glass. Then I sing as
+loud as I can. They like to hear me sing.
+
+I take a bath every day and how I do make the water fly!
+
+I used to live in the woods where there were many birds like me. We
+built our nests in bushes, hedges, and low trees. How happy we were.
+
+My cage is pretty but I wish I could go back to my home in the woods.
+
+See page 15.
+
+    "Sweet warblers of the sunny hours,
+       Forever on the wing,
+     I love thee as I love the flowers,
+       The sunlight and the spring.
+
+     They come like pleasant memories
+       In summer's joyous time,
+     And sing their gushing melodies,
+       As I would sing a rhyme.
+
+     In the green and quiet places,
+       Where the golden sunlight falls,
+     We sit with smiling faces
+       To list their silver calls.
+
+     And when their holy anthems
+       Come pealing through the air,
+     Our hearts leap forth to meet them
+       With a blessing and a prayer.
+
+     Amid the morning's fragrant dew,
+       Amid the mists of even,
+     They warble on as if they drew
+       Their music down from heaven.
+
+     How sweetly sounds each mellow note
+       Beneath the moon's pale ray,
+     When dying zephyrs rise and float
+       Like lovers' sighs away!"
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.
+
+
+Is it cold where you live, little boys and girls? It is not where I
+live. Don't you think my feathers grew in the bright sunshine?
+
+My home is way down where the big oceans almost meet. The sun is almost
+straight overhead every noon.
+
+I live in the woods, way back where the trees are tall and thick. I
+don't fly around much, but sit on a limb of a tree way up high.
+
+Don't you think my red breast looks pretty among the green leaves?
+
+When I see a fly or a berry I dart down after it. My long tail streams
+out behind like four ribbons. I wish you could see me. My tail never
+gets in the way.
+
+Wouldn't you like to have me sit on your shoulder, little boy? You see
+my tail would reach almost to the ground.
+
+If you went out into the street with me on your shoulder, I would call
+_whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, the way I do in the woods.
+
+All the little boys and girls playing near would look around and say,
+"What is that noise?" Then they would see you and me and run up fast and
+say, "Where did you get that bird?"
+
+The little girls would want to pull out my tail feathers to put around
+their hats. You would not let them, would you?
+
+I have a mate. I think she is very nice. Her tail is not so long as
+mine. Would you like to see her too? She lays eggs every year, and sits
+on them till little birds hatch out. They are just like us, but they
+have to grow and get dressed in the pretty feathers like ours. They look
+like little dumplings when they come out of the eggs.
+
+But they are all right. They get very hungry and we carry them lots of
+things to eat, so they can grow fast.
+
+    Your friend,
+                 R. T.
+
+[Illustration: RESPLENDENT TROGON.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+
+Resplendent Trogons are natives of Central America. There are fifty
+kinds, and this is the largest. A systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.
+
+Of all birds there are few which excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.
+
+The skin is so singularly thin that it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers are plentifully struck from
+their sockets by its fall and the blows which it receives from the
+branches as it comes to the ground.
+
+Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green, were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it
+also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of
+from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.
+
+From Mr. Salvin's account of his shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:
+
+"My companions are ahead and Filipe comes back to say that they have
+heard a quesal (Resplendent Trogon). Of course, being anxious to watch
+as well as to shoot one of these birds myself, I immediately hurry to
+the spot. I have not to wait long. A distant clattering noise indicates
+that the bird is on the wing. He settles--a splendid male--on the bough
+of a tree not seventy yards from where we are hidden. It sits almost
+motionless on its perch, the body remaining in the same position, the
+head only moving from side to side. The tail does not hang quite
+perpendicularly, the angle between the true tail and the vertical being
+perhaps as much as fifteen or twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again, and now and then slightly raised, causing
+the long tail coverts to vibrate gracefully. I have not seen all. A ripe
+fruit catches the quesal's eye and he darts from his perch, plucks the
+berry, and returns to his former position. This is done with a degree of
+elegance that defies description. A low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is in my hand--the first quesal I
+have seen and shot."
+
+The above anecdote is very beautiful and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the _ruthless_ killing of the birds. He who
+said, not a sparrow "shall fall on the ground without your Father," did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but to beautify the earth.
+
+The cries of the quesal are various. They consist principally of a low
+note, _whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low and after
+swelling dies away as it began. Other cries are harsh and discordant.
+The flight of the Trogon is rapid and straight. The long tail feathers,
+which never seem to be in the way, stream after him. The bird is never
+found except in forests of the loftiest trees, the lower branches of
+which, being high above the ground, seem to be its favorite resort. Its
+food consists principally of fruit, but occasionally a caterpillar is
+found in its stomach.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+A Letter from China.
+
+
+Quack! Quack! I got in just in time.
+
+I came as fast as I could, as I was afraid of being whipped. You see I
+live in a boat with a great many other ducks.
+
+My master and his family live in the boat too. Isn't that a funny place
+to live in?
+
+We stay in all night. Waking up early in the morning, we cry Quack!
+Quack! until we wake the master.
+
+He gets up and opens the gate for us and out we tumble into the water.
+We are in such a hurry that we fall over each other. We swim about
+awhile and then we go to shore for breakfast.
+
+There are wet places near the shore where we find worms, grubs, and
+roots. When evening comes the master blows a whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.
+
+We start as soon as we hear it, and hurry, because the last duck in gets
+a whipping. It does not hurt much but we do not like it, so we all try
+to get home first.
+
+I have web feet, but I perch like other birds on the branches of the
+trees near the river.
+
+My feathers are beautiful in the sunlight. My wife always sits near me.
+Her dress is not like mine. It is brown and grey.
+
+From May to August I lose my bright feathers, then I put on a dress like
+my wife's.
+
+My master's family are Chinese, and they are very queer. They would not
+sell me for anything, as they would not like to have me leave China.
+
+Sometimes a pair of us are put in a gay cage and carried to a wedding.
+After the wedding we are given to the bride and groom.
+
+I hear the master's whistle again. He wants me to come in and go to bed.
+Quack! Quack! Good bye!
+
+[Illustration: MANDARIN DUCK.]
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+
+"A more magnificently clothed bird," says Wood, "than the male Chinese
+Mandarin Duck, can hardly be found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to seeing the birds pass into the
+possession of Europeans."
+
+Though web-footed, the birds have the power of perching and it is
+a curious sight to watch them on the branches of trees overhanging
+the pond in which they live, the male and female being always close
+together, the one gorgeous in purple, green, white, and chestnut, and
+the other soberly appareled in brown and grey. This handsome plumage
+the male loses during four months of the year, from May to August, when
+he throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans, and all his brilliant
+colors, assuming the sober tinted dress of his mate. The Summer Duck of
+America bears a close resemblance to the Mandarin Duck, both in plumage
+and manners, and at certain times of the year is hardly to be
+distinguished from that bird.
+
+The foreign duck has been successfully reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent bird and others under a domestic
+hen, the latter hatching the eggs three days in advance of the former.
+
+"The Chinese," says Dr. Bennett, "highly esteem the Mandarin Duck, which
+exhibits, as they think, a most striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects of emulation."
+
+"I could more easily," wrote a friend of Dr. Bennett's in China to whom
+he had expressed his desire for a pair of these birds, "send you two
+live Mandarins than a pair of Mandarin Ducks."
+
+Concerning their attachment and fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:
+
+"Mr. Beale's aviary at Maceo one day was broken open and the male bird
+stolen from the side of its mate. She refused to be comforted, and,
+retiring to the farthest part of the aviary, sat disconsolate, rarely
+partaking of food, and giving no attention to her soiled and rumpled
+plumage. In vain did another handsome drake endeavor to console her for
+her loss. After some time the stolen bird was found in the quarters of
+a miserable Chinaman, and at once restored to its mate. As soon as he
+recognized his abode he began to flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost quacked to screaming with ecstasy, both
+expressing their joy by crossing necks and quacking in concert. The next
+morning he fell upon the unfortunate drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few days."
+
+According to Schrenck, this species appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small or large flocks, which are so
+extremely shy that they rarely come within gunshot. Whilst on the wing
+these parties crowd closely together in front, the birds in the rear
+occupying a comparatively free space.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN PHEASANT
+
+
+They call me the Golden Pheasant, because I have a golden crest. It is
+like a king's crown. Don't you think my dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?
+
+See the large ruff around my neck. I can raise and lower it as I please.
+
+I am a very large bird. I am fourteen inches tall and twenty-eight
+inches long. I can step right over your little robins and meadow larks
+and blue jays and not touch them.
+
+Sometimes people get some of our eggs and put them under an old hen. By
+and by little pheasants hatch out, and the hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds them, but they do not wish to stay with her;
+they like their wild life. If they are not well fed they will fly away.
+
+I have a wife. Her feathers are beginning to grow like mine. In a few
+years she will look as I do. We like to have our nests by a fallen
+tree.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+The well-known Chinese Pheasant, which we have named the Golden
+Pheasant, as well as its more sober-colored cousin, the Silver Pheasant,
+has its home in Eastern Asia.
+
+China is pre-eminently the land of Pheasants; for, besides those just
+mentioned, several other species of the same family are found there.
+Japan comes next to China as a pheasant country and there are some in
+India.
+
+In China the Golden Pheasant is a great favorite, not only for its
+splendid plumage and elegant form, but for the excellence of its flesh,
+which is said to surpass even that of the common pheasant. It has been
+introduced into Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.
+
+For purposes of the table it is not likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way of breeding it in sufficient
+numbers, and one feels a natural repugnance to the killing of so
+beautiful a bird for the sake of eating it. The magnificent colors
+belong only to the male, the female being reddish brown, spotted and
+marked with a darker hue. The tail of the female is short. The statement
+is made, however, that some hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that of the males.
+
+Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial baits owe their chief beauty to
+the Golden Pheasant.
+
+According to Latham, it is called by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!
+       Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!
+     A night hath passed since my young buds have heard
+       The music of thy rainbow-colored wings--
+     Wings that flash spangles out where'er they quiver,
+       Like sunlight rushing o'er a river."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN PHEASANT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+So full of fight is this little bird, that the bird trappers take
+advantage of his disposition to make him a prisoner. They place a
+decoy bird on a cage trap in the attitude of defense, and when it is
+discovered by the bird an attack at once follows, and the fighter soon
+finds himself caught.
+
+They are a great favorite for the cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a songster he more than makes up by his
+wonderful beauty. These birds are very easily tamed, the female, even in
+the wild state, being so gentle that she allows herself to be lifted
+from the nest. They are also called the _Painted Finch_ or _Painted
+Bunting_. They are found in our Southern States and Mexico. They are
+very numerous in the State of Louisiana and especially about the City of
+New Orleans, where they are greatly admired by the French inhabitants,
+who, true to their native instincts, admire anything with gay colors. As
+the first name indicates, he has no equal, perhaps, among the songsters
+for beauty of dress. On account of this purple hood, he is called by the
+French _Le Pape_, meaning The Pope.
+
+The bird makes its appearance in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which lasts until July, two broods are
+raised. The nests are made of fine grass and rest in the crotches of
+twigs of the low bushes and hedges. The eggs have a dull or pearly-white
+ground and are marked with blotches and dots of purplish and reddish
+brown.
+
+It is very pleasing to watch the numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first season are of a fine olive green
+color on the upper parts and a pale yellow below. The female undergoes
+no material change in color except becoming darker as she grows older.
+The male, on the contrary, is three seasons in obtaining his full
+variety of colors. In the second season the blue begins to show on his
+head and the red also makes its appearance in spots on the breast. The
+third year he attains his full beauty.
+
+Their favorite resorts are small thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects and also eat seeds and rice.
+
+Thousands of these birds are trapped for the cage, and sold annually to
+our northern people and also in Europe. They are comparatively cheap,
+even in our northern bird markets, as most of them are exchanged for our
+Canaries and imported birds that cannot be sent directly to the south on
+account of climatic conditions.
+
+Many a northern lady, while visiting the orange groves of Florida,
+becomes enchanted with the Nonpareil in his wild state, and some shrewd
+and wily negro, hearing her expressions of delight, easily procures one,
+and disposes of it to her at an extravagant price.
+
+
+
+
+THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.
+
+
+I am a Parrakeet. I belong to the Parrot family. A man bought me and
+brought me here.
+
+It is not warm here, as it was where I came from. I almost froze coming
+over here.
+
+I am not kept in a cage. I stay in the house and go about as I please.
+
+There is a Pussy Cat in the house. Sometimes I ride on her back. I like
+that.
+
+I used to live in the grass lands. It was very warm there. I ran among
+the thick grass blades, and sat on the stems and ate seeds.
+
+I had a wife then. Her feathers were almost like mine. We never made
+nests. When we wanted a nest, we found a hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on the nest.
+
+I can mock other birds. Sometimes I warble and chirp at the same time.
+Then it sounds like two birds singing. My tongue is short and thick, and
+this helps me to talk. But I have been talking too much. My tongue is
+getting tired.
+
+I think I'll have a ride on Pussy's back. Good bye.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Parrakeets have a great fondness for the grass lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers, running amid the thick grass blades, clinging to
+their stems, or feeding on their seeds.
+
+Grass seed is their constant food in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed, and what is remarkable, never pick food
+with their feet, as do other species of parrots, but always use their
+beaks. "They do not build a nest, but must be given a piece of wood
+with a rough hole in the middle, which they will fill to their liking,
+rejecting all soft lining of wool or cotton that you may furnish them."
+
+Only the male sings, warbling nearly all day long, pushing his beak at
+times into his mate's ear as though to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.
+
+A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet from Australia to England, says
+it suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate and was kept
+alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten sailor, who kept it warm and
+comfortable in his bosom. It was not kept in a cage, but roamed at will
+about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on the cat's back. At
+meals he perched upon his master's shoulder, picking the bits he liked
+from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would
+pull himself up by his master's whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always announced his master's coming by a shrill
+call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note
+of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his
+wing.
+
+[Illustration: AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.]
+
+THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.
+
+
+The Cock-of-the-Rock lives in Guiana. Its nest is found among the
+rocks. T. K. Salmon says: "I once went to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock; and a darker or wilder place I have never been in.
+Following up a mountain stream the gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived at the mouth of a cave with high rock on
+each side, and overshadowed by high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark, and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks. We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing two eggs; it was built upon a
+projecting piece, the body being made of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss. It was about five feet from the
+water. I did not see the male bird, and, indeed, I have rarely ever seen
+the male and female birds together, though I have seen both sexes in
+separate flocks."
+
+The eggs are described as pale buff with various sized spots of shades
+from red-brown to pale lilac.
+
+It is a solitary and wary bird, feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre ravines.
+
+Robert Schomburgh describes its dance as follows:
+
+"While traversing the mountains of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which gave me the opportunity of being
+an eye witness of their dancing, an accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little distance from the road. The
+stage, if we may so call it, measured from four to five feet in
+diameter; every blade of grass had been removed and the ground was as
+smooth as if leveled by human hands. On this space we saw one of the
+birds dance and jump about, while the others evidently played the part
+of admiring spectators. At one moment it expanded its wings, threw its
+head in the air, or spread out its tail like a peacock scratching the
+ground with its foot; all this took place with a sort of hopping gait,
+until tired, when on emitting a peculiar note, its place was immediately
+filled by another performer. In this manner the different birds went
+through their terpsichorean exercises, each retiring to its place among
+the spectators, who had settled on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males and two females in the flock. The noise
+of a breaking stick unfortunately raised an alarm, when the whole
+company of dancers immediately flew off."
+
+"The Indians, who place great value on their skins, eagerly seek out
+their playing grounds, and armed with their blow-tubes and poisoned
+arrows, lie in wait for the dances. The hunter does not attempt to use
+his weapon until the company is quite engrossed in the performance, when
+the birds become so preoccupied with their amusement that four or five
+are often killed before the survivors detect the danger and decamp."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+My home is on an island where it is very warm. I fly among the tall
+trees and eat fruit and insects.
+
+See my beautiful feathers. The ladies like to wear them in their hats.
+
+The feathers of my wife are brown, but she has no long tail feathers.
+
+My wife thinks my plumes are very beautiful.
+
+When we have a party, we go with our wives to a tall tree. We spread our
+beautiful plumes while our wives sit and watch us.
+
+Sometimes a man finds our tree and builds a hut among the lower
+branches.
+
+He hides in the hut and while we are spreading our feathers shoots at
+us.
+
+The arrows are not sharp. They do not draw blood.
+
+When they dry the skins they take off the feet and wings. This is why
+people used to think we had neither feet nor wings.
+
+They also thought we lived on the dews of heaven and the honey of
+flowers. This is why we are called the Birds of Paradise.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Upon its waving feathers poised in air,
+     Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,
+     With streamers thrown luxuriantly out
+     In all the wantonness of winged wealth."
+
+[Illustration: RED BIRD OF PARADISE.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+Birds of Paradise are found only in New Guinea and on the neighboring
+islands. The species presented here is found only on a few islands.
+
+In former days very singular ideas prevailed concerning these birds
+and the most extravagant tales were told of the life they led in their
+native lands. The natives of New Guinea, in preparing their skins for
+exportation, had removed all traces of legs, so that it was popularly
+supposed they possessed none, and on account of their want of feet and
+their great beauty, were called the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it was
+thought, the forms they had borne in the Garden of Eden, living upon dew
+or ether, through which it was imagined they perpetually floated by the
+aid of their long cloud-like plumage.
+
+Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett says: "I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of the legs, wings, etc., devour
+it with the head always first. It rarely alights upon the ground, and so
+proud is the creature of its elegant dress that it never permits a soil
+to remain upon it, frequently spreading out its wings and feathers,
+regarding its splendid self in every direction."
+
+The sounds uttered by this bird are very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change gradually to a varied scale in
+musical gradations, like _he, hi, ho, how_! He frequently raises his
+voice, sending forth notes of such power as to be heard at a long
+distance. These notes are _whack_, _whack_, uttered in a barking tone,
+the last being a low note in conclusion.
+
+While creeping amongst the branches in search of insects, he utters a
+soft clucking note. During the entire day he flies incessantly from one
+tree to another, perching but a few moments, and concealing himself
+among the foliage at the least suspicion of danger.
+
+In Bennett's "Wanderings" is an entertaining description of Mr. Beale's
+bird at Maceo. "This elegant bird," he says, "has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems delighted at being made an object
+of admiration. It bathes twice daily, and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly over its head, the quills of
+which have a peculiar structure, enabling the bird to effect this
+object. To watch this bird make its toilet is one of the most
+interesting sights of nature; the vanity which inspires its every
+movement, the rapturous delight with which it views its enchanting
+self, its arch look when demanding the spectator's admiration, are all
+pardonable in a delicate creature so richly embellished, so neat and
+cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes, so scrupulously exact in its
+observances, and so winning in all its ways."
+
+Says a traveler in New Guinea: "As we were drawing near a small grove of
+teak-trees, our eyes were dazzled with a sight more beautiful than any I
+had yet beheld. It was that of a Bird of Paradise moving through the
+bright light of the morning sun. I now saw that the birds must be seen
+alive in their native forests, in order to fully comprehend the poetic
+beauty of the words Birds of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants of a
+fairer world than ours, things that have wandered in some way from their
+home, and found the earth to show us something of the beauty of worlds
+beyond."
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+I am a Toucan and I live in a very warm country.
+
+See my handsome black coat and my yellow vest.
+
+My toes are like a parrot's, two in front and two behind.
+
+They help me to hold to the limbs.
+
+Look at my large beak. It looks heavy but it is not, as it is filled
+with air cells. These make it very light. Do you like my blue eyes?
+
+My nest is very hard to find. If I tell you where it is, you will not
+take the eggs, will you? It is in a hollow limb of a very high tree.
+
+I am very fond of fruit, and for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very well.
+
+I can fly very fast, but I cannot get along so well on the ground. I
+keep my feet far apart and hop.
+
+I like to sit in the top of the tallest trees. Then I am not afraid.
+Nothing can reach me there but a rifle ball.
+
+I do not like the owl, he is so ugly. When we find an owl we get in a
+circle around him and snap our great beaks, and jerk our tails up and
+down and scream. He is very much afraid of us.
+
+The people where I live like our yellow breasts. They wear them on their
+heads, and also put them on the ends of their bows.
+
+We sometimes sit together in a tree and snap our beaks and shout. This
+is why we have been called "Preacher Birds."
+
+We can scream so loud that we may be heard a mile away. Our song is
+"Tucano! Tucano!"
+
+I think it is a pretty song, but the people do not like it very much.
+
+[Illustration: YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.]
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+The Toucans are a numerous race of South American birds, at once
+recognizable by the prodigious size of their beaks and by the richness
+of their plumage. "These birds are very common," says Prince Von Wied,
+"in all parts of the extensive forests of the Brazils and are killed
+for the table in large numbers during the cool seasons. Their eggs are
+deposited in the hollow limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so common
+in the tropical forests, but their nests are very difficult to find. The
+egg is said to be white. They are very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas
+and plantains, and when these fruits are ripe make sad havoc among the
+neighboring plantations. In return for these depredations the planter
+eats their flesh, which is very delicate."
+
+The flight of these birds is easy and graceful, sweeping with facility
+over the loftiest trees of their native forests, their strangely
+developed bills being no encumbrance to them, replete as they are with a
+tissue of air-filled cells rendering them very light and even buoyant.
+
+On the ground they get along with a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In ascending a tree they do not
+climb but mount from one branch to another with a series of jumps,
+ascending to the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe from every
+missile except a rifle ball. They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills, clattering them together, and
+shouting hoarsely all the while, from which custom the natives call them
+Preacher-birds. Sometimes the whole party, including the sentinel, set
+up a simultaneous yell so deafeningly loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are often discovered through their
+perpetual chattering. Their cry resembles the word "Tucano," which has
+given origin to the peculiar name.
+
+When settling itself to sleep, the Toucan packs itself up in a very
+systematic manner, supporting its huge beak by resting it on its back,
+and tucking it completely among the feathers, while it doubles its tail
+across its back just as if it moved on hinges. So completely is the
+large bill hidden among the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and bright color, so that the bird
+when sleeping looks like a great ball of loose feathers.
+
+Sir R. Owen concludes that the large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of any grinding structures in the
+intestinal tract.
+
+Says a naturalist: "We turned into a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which looked almost like a bat on the
+wing. Suddenly we heard high upon the trees a short shrieking sort of
+noise ending in a hiss, and our guide became excited and said, "Toucan!"
+The birds were very wary and made off. They are much in quest and often
+shot at. At last we caught sight of a pair, but they were at the top of
+such a high tree that they were out of range. Presently, when I had
+about lost hope, I heard loud calls, and three birds came and settled in
+a low bush in the middle of the path. I shot one and it proved to be a
+very large toucan. The bird was not quite dead when I picked it up, and
+it bit me severely with its huge bill."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+I have just been singing my morning song, and I wish you could have
+heard it. I think you would have liked it.
+
+I always sing very early in the morning. I sing because I am happy, and
+the people like to hear me.
+
+My home is near a small stream, where there are low woods and underbrush
+along its banks.
+
+There is an old dead tree there, and just before the sun is up I fly to
+this tree.
+
+I sit on one of the branches and sing for about half an hour. Then I fly
+away to get my breakfast.
+
+I am very fond of fruit. Bananas grow where I live, and I like them best
+of all.
+
+I eat insects, and sometimes I fly to the rice fields and swing on the
+stalks and eat rice.
+
+The people say I do much harm to the rice, but I do not see why it is
+wrong for me to eat it, for I think there is enough for all.
+
+I must go now and get my breakfast. If you ever come to see me I will
+sing to you.
+
+I will show you my wife, too. She looks just like me. Be sure to get up
+very early. If you do not, you will be too late for my song.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,
+     With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.
+     Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell--
+     Beautiful birds--that ye come not as well?
+     Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,
+     Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;
+     Ye build and ye brood 'neath the cottagers' eaves,
+     And ye sleep on the sod, 'mid the bonnie green leaves;
+     Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,
+     Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;
+     Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,
+     Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand."
+
+[Illustration: RED-RUMPED TANAGER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+An American family, the Tanagers are mostly birds of very brilliant
+plumage. There are 300 species, a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana, living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the rice fields.
+
+In "The Auk," of July, 1893, Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:
+
+"During my stay at Boruca and Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the majority of cases found the males
+wearing the same dress as the females. In a few instances the male was
+in mottled plumage, evidently just assuming the adult phase, and in a
+lesser number of examples the male was in fully adult plumage--velvety
+black and crimson red. From the above it is clear that the males begin
+to breed before they attain fully adult plumage, and that they retain
+the dress of the female until, at least, the beginning of the second
+year.
+
+"While on this trip I had many proofs that, in spite of its rich
+plumage, and being a bird of the tropics, it is well worthy to hold a
+place of honor among the song birds. And if the bird chooses an early
+hour and a secluded spot for expressing its happiness, the melody is
+none the less delightful. At the little village of Buenos Aires, on the
+Rio Grande of Terraba, I heard the song more frequently than at any
+other point. Close by the ranch house at which we were staying, there
+is a small stream bordered by low woods and underbrush, that formed a
+favorite resort for the birds. Just below the ranch is a convenient spot
+where we took our morning bath. I was always there just as the day was
+breaking. On the opposite bank was a small open space in the brush
+occupied by the limbs of a dead tree. On one of these branches, and
+always the same one, was the spot chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth his
+morning song. Some mornings I found him busy with his music when I
+arrived, and again he would be a few minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to and fro, much after the manner of
+a canary while singing. The song would last for perhaps half an hour,
+and then away the singer would go. I have not enough musical ability to
+describe the song, but will say that often I remained standing quietly
+for a long time, only that I might listen to the music."
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.
+
+
+We find the Golden Oriole in America only. According to Mr. Nuttall, it
+is migratory, appearing in considerable numbers in West Florida about
+the middle of March. It is a good songster, and in a state of captivity
+imitates various tunes.
+
+This beautiful bird feeds on fruits and insects, and its nest is
+constructed of blades of grass, wool, hair, fine strings, and various
+vegetable fibers, which are so curiously interwoven as to confine and
+sustain each other. The nest is usually suspended from a forked and
+slender branch, in shape like a deep basin and generally lined with fine
+feathers.
+
+"On arriving at their breeding locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through the lofty branches of the tallest
+trees, appearing and vanishing restlessly, flashing at intervals into
+sight from amidst the tender waving foliage, and seem like living gems
+intended to decorate the verdant garments of the fresh clad forest."
+
+It is said these birds are so attached to their young that the female
+has been taken and conveyed on her eggs, upon which with resolute and
+fatal instinct she remained faithfully sitting until she expired.
+
+An Indiana gentleman relates the following story:
+
+"When I was a boy living in the hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.
+
+"At about thirty feet above the ground I discovered evidences of an
+Oriole's nest. A few days later I noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise, apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a bunch of horse hair and some wool,
+and hung it on limbs near the nest. Then climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work. In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.
+
+"They appeared to have some knowledge of spinning, as they would take a
+horse hair and seemingly wrap it with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.
+
+"I visited these birds almost daily, and shortly after the nest was
+completed I noticed five little speckled eggs in it. The female was so
+attached to the nest that I often rubbed her on the back and even lifted
+her to look at the eggs."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN ORIOLE.]
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+
+                                   CHICAGO, December 10th, 1896.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY.
+
+DEAR SIRS: I am very much pleased with this movement to give such
+substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your kind
+offer also.
+
+                     Respectfully,
+                                HARRIET N. WINCHELL,
+                                        Principal Tilden School.
+
+
+                             ST. JOSEPH, MICH., January 4, 1897.
+ PRINCIPAL W. J. BLACK,
+                  Chicago.
+
+DEAR SIR: Thanks for sample copy of "Birds." It is by far the finest
+thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure in
+presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any assistance
+to you that I am able.
+
+                         Yours,
+                              GEORGE W. LOOMIS,
+                                    Superintendent City Schools.
+
+
+                                DES MOINES, IOWA, January 5, 1897.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+                Fisher Building, Chicago.
+
+I have just seen the January number of "Birds," illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.
+
+                   Very sincerely,
+                            MRS. MINNIE THERESA HATCH,
+                                    Principal Washington School.
+
+
+                             LUTHER, MICH., December 31st, 1896.
+ W. E. WATT,
+   Chicago, Ill.
+
+DEAR SIR: Your serial on Birds received and after examination I have no
+hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the kind that I
+have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in presenting it to
+my teachers and recommending it to their favorable notice.
+
+                       Very truly,
+                                  E. G. JOHNSON,
+                                        Commissioner of Schools.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12×18 inches, on card
+ 19×25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30221 ***
diff --git a/30221-8.txt b/30221-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e6ac4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph [January, 1897]
+       A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30221]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ Vol. 1. No. 1.    JANUARY, 1897.    PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.
+ ONCE A MONTH.
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY
+ COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ [Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+ OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+ CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ A MONTHLY SERIAL
+ DESIGNED TO PROMOTE
+ KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE
+
+
+    "With cheerful hop from perch to spray,
+       They sport along the meads;
+     In social bliss together stray,
+       Where love or fancy leads.
+
+     Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair
+       Their fluttering joys pursue;
+     Its various charms and produce share,
+       Forever kind and true."
+
+
+ CHICAGO, U. S. A.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
+ 1896
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these
+likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance,
+(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful
+does photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing
+plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and,
+what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the REAL COLORS of
+nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.
+
+We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: "_An
+excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of Agriculture
+at Washington that the public schools of the country shall have a new
+holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already adopted the
+suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow. Of course,
+Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor Day. We can
+plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day take the form
+of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird studies--any form of
+entertainment, in fact, which will bring children closer to their little
+brethren of the air, and in more intelligent sympathy with their life
+and ways. There is a wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our
+children know it. Few of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of
+a year can well and profitably be given over to the birds. Than such
+study, nothing can be more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate
+acquaintanceship with our feathered friends is a source of genuine
+pleasure. We are under greater obligations to the birds than we dream
+of. Without them the world would be more barren than we imagine.
+Consequently, we have some duties which we owe them. What these duties
+are only a few of us know or have ever taken the trouble to find out.
+Our children should not be allowed to grow to maturity without this
+knowledge. The more they know of the birds the better men and women
+they will be. We can hardly encourage such studies too much."
+
+Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.
+
+They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study
+for all lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are
+doing a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.
+
+The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.
+
+                                    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ Copyrighted, 1896.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+I am called the Nonpareil because there is no other bird equal to me.
+
+I have many names. Some call me the "Painted Finch" or "Painted
+Bunting." Others call me "The Pope," because I wear a purple hood.
+
+I live in a cage, eat seeds, and am very fond of flies and spiders.
+
+Sometimes they let me out of the cage and I fly about the room and catch
+flies. I like to catch them while they are flying.
+
+When I am tired I stop and sing. There is a vase of flowers in front of
+the mirror.
+
+I fly to this vase where I can see myself in the glass. Then I sing as
+loud as I can. They like to hear me sing.
+
+I take a bath every day and how I do make the water fly!
+
+I used to live in the woods where there were many birds like me. We
+built our nests in bushes, hedges, and low trees. How happy we were.
+
+My cage is pretty but I wish I could go back to my home in the woods.
+
+See page 15.
+
+    "Sweet warblers of the sunny hours,
+       Forever on the wing,
+     I love thee as I love the flowers,
+       The sunlight and the spring.
+
+     They come like pleasant memories
+       In summer's joyous time,
+     And sing their gushing melodies,
+       As I would sing a rhyme.
+
+     In the green and quiet places,
+       Where the golden sunlight falls,
+     We sit with smiling faces
+       To list their silver calls.
+
+     And when their holy anthems
+       Come pealing through the air,
+     Our hearts leap forth to meet them
+       With a blessing and a prayer.
+
+     Amid the morning's fragrant dew,
+       Amid the mists of even,
+     They warble on as if they drew
+       Their music down from heaven.
+
+     How sweetly sounds each mellow note
+       Beneath the moon's pale ray,
+     When dying zephyrs rise and float
+       Like lovers' sighs away!"
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.
+
+
+Is it cold where you live, little boys and girls? It is not where I
+live. Don't you think my feathers grew in the bright sunshine?
+
+My home is way down where the big oceans almost meet. The sun is almost
+straight overhead every noon.
+
+I live in the woods, way back where the trees are tall and thick. I
+don't fly around much, but sit on a limb of a tree way up high.
+
+Don't you think my red breast looks pretty among the green leaves?
+
+When I see a fly or a berry I dart down after it. My long tail streams
+out behind like four ribbons. I wish you could see me. My tail never
+gets in the way.
+
+Wouldn't you like to have me sit on your shoulder, little boy? You see
+my tail would reach almost to the ground.
+
+If you went out into the street with me on your shoulder, I would call
+_whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, the way I do in the woods.
+
+All the little boys and girls playing near would look around and say,
+"What is that noise?" Then they would see you and me and run up fast and
+say, "Where did you get that bird?"
+
+The little girls would want to pull out my tail feathers to put around
+their hats. You would not let them, would you?
+
+I have a mate. I think she is very nice. Her tail is not so long as
+mine. Would you like to see her too? She lays eggs every year, and sits
+on them till little birds hatch out. They are just like us, but they
+have to grow and get dressed in the pretty feathers like ours. They look
+like little dumplings when they come out of the eggs.
+
+But they are all right. They get very hungry and we carry them lots of
+things to eat, so they can grow fast.
+
+    Your friend,
+                 R. T.
+
+[Illustration: RESPLENDENT TROGON.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+
+Resplendent Trogons are natives of Central America. There are fifty
+kinds, and this is the largest. A systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.
+
+Of all birds there are few which excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.
+
+The skin is so singularly thin that it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers are plentifully struck from
+their sockets by its fall and the blows which it receives from the
+branches as it comes to the ground.
+
+Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green, were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it
+also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of
+from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.
+
+From Mr. Salvin's account of his shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:
+
+"My companions are ahead and Filipe comes back to say that they have
+heard a quesal (Resplendent Trogon). Of course, being anxious to watch
+as well as to shoot one of these birds myself, I immediately hurry to
+the spot. I have not to wait long. A distant clattering noise indicates
+that the bird is on the wing. He settles--a splendid male--on the bough
+of a tree not seventy yards from where we are hidden. It sits almost
+motionless on its perch, the body remaining in the same position, the
+head only moving from side to side. The tail does not hang quite
+perpendicularly, the angle between the true tail and the vertical being
+perhaps as much as fifteen or twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again, and now and then slightly raised, causing
+the long tail coverts to vibrate gracefully. I have not seen all. A ripe
+fruit catches the quesal's eye and he darts from his perch, plucks the
+berry, and returns to his former position. This is done with a degree of
+elegance that defies description. A low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is in my hand--the first quesal I
+have seen and shot."
+
+The above anecdote is very beautiful and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the _ruthless_ killing of the birds. He who
+said, not a sparrow "shall fall on the ground without your Father," did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but to beautify the earth.
+
+The cries of the quesal are various. They consist principally of a low
+note, _whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low and after
+swelling dies away as it began. Other cries are harsh and discordant.
+The flight of the Trogon is rapid and straight. The long tail feathers,
+which never seem to be in the way, stream after him. The bird is never
+found except in forests of the loftiest trees, the lower branches of
+which, being high above the ground, seem to be its favorite resort. Its
+food consists principally of fruit, but occasionally a caterpillar is
+found in its stomach.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+A Letter from China.
+
+
+Quack! Quack! I got in just in time.
+
+I came as fast as I could, as I was afraid of being whipped. You see I
+live in a boat with a great many other ducks.
+
+My master and his family live in the boat too. Isn't that a funny place
+to live in?
+
+We stay in all night. Waking up early in the morning, we cry Quack!
+Quack! until we wake the master.
+
+He gets up and opens the gate for us and out we tumble into the water.
+We are in such a hurry that we fall over each other. We swim about
+awhile and then we go to shore for breakfast.
+
+There are wet places near the shore where we find worms, grubs, and
+roots. When evening comes the master blows a whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.
+
+We start as soon as we hear it, and hurry, because the last duck in gets
+a whipping. It does not hurt much but we do not like it, so we all try
+to get home first.
+
+I have web feet, but I perch like other birds on the branches of the
+trees near the river.
+
+My feathers are beautiful in the sunlight. My wife always sits near me.
+Her dress is not like mine. It is brown and grey.
+
+From May to August I lose my bright feathers, then I put on a dress like
+my wife's.
+
+My master's family are Chinese, and they are very queer. They would not
+sell me for anything, as they would not like to have me leave China.
+
+Sometimes a pair of us are put in a gay cage and carried to a wedding.
+After the wedding we are given to the bride and groom.
+
+I hear the master's whistle again. He wants me to come in and go to bed.
+Quack! Quack! Good bye!
+
+[Illustration: MANDARIN DUCK.]
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+
+"A more magnificently clothed bird," says Wood, "than the male Chinese
+Mandarin Duck, can hardly be found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to seeing the birds pass into the
+possession of Europeans."
+
+Though web-footed, the birds have the power of perching and it is
+a curious sight to watch them on the branches of trees overhanging
+the pond in which they live, the male and female being always close
+together, the one gorgeous in purple, green, white, and chestnut, and
+the other soberly appareled in brown and grey. This handsome plumage
+the male loses during four months of the year, from May to August, when
+he throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans, and all his brilliant
+colors, assuming the sober tinted dress of his mate. The Summer Duck of
+America bears a close resemblance to the Mandarin Duck, both in plumage
+and manners, and at certain times of the year is hardly to be
+distinguished from that bird.
+
+The foreign duck has been successfully reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent bird and others under a domestic
+hen, the latter hatching the eggs three days in advance of the former.
+
+"The Chinese," says Dr. Bennett, "highly esteem the Mandarin Duck, which
+exhibits, as they think, a most striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects of emulation."
+
+"I could more easily," wrote a friend of Dr. Bennett's in China to whom
+he had expressed his desire for a pair of these birds, "send you two
+live Mandarins than a pair of Mandarin Ducks."
+
+Concerning their attachment and fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:
+
+"Mr. Beale's aviary at Maceo one day was broken open and the male bird
+stolen from the side of its mate. She refused to be comforted, and,
+retiring to the farthest part of the aviary, sat disconsolate, rarely
+partaking of food, and giving no attention to her soiled and rumpled
+plumage. In vain did another handsome drake endeavor to console her for
+her loss. After some time the stolen bird was found in the quarters of
+a miserable Chinaman, and at once restored to its mate. As soon as he
+recognized his abode he began to flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost quacked to screaming with ecstasy, both
+expressing their joy by crossing necks and quacking in concert. The next
+morning he fell upon the unfortunate drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few days."
+
+According to Schrenck, this species appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small or large flocks, which are so
+extremely shy that they rarely come within gunshot. Whilst on the wing
+these parties crowd closely together in front, the birds in the rear
+occupying a comparatively free space.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN PHEASANT
+
+
+They call me the Golden Pheasant, because I have a golden crest. It is
+like a king's crown. Don't you think my dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?
+
+See the large ruff around my neck. I can raise and lower it as I please.
+
+I am a very large bird. I am fourteen inches tall and twenty-eight
+inches long. I can step right over your little robins and meadow larks
+and blue jays and not touch them.
+
+Sometimes people get some of our eggs and put them under an old hen. By
+and by little pheasants hatch out, and the hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds them, but they do not wish to stay with her;
+they like their wild life. If they are not well fed they will fly away.
+
+I have a wife. Her feathers are beginning to grow like mine. In a few
+years she will look as I do. We like to have our nests by a fallen
+tree.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+The well-known Chinese Pheasant, which we have named the Golden
+Pheasant, as well as its more sober-colored cousin, the Silver Pheasant,
+has its home in Eastern Asia.
+
+China is pre-eminently the land of Pheasants; for, besides those just
+mentioned, several other species of the same family are found there.
+Japan comes next to China as a pheasant country and there are some in
+India.
+
+In China the Golden Pheasant is a great favorite, not only for its
+splendid plumage and elegant form, but for the excellence of its flesh,
+which is said to surpass even that of the common pheasant. It has been
+introduced into Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.
+
+For purposes of the table it is not likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way of breeding it in sufficient
+numbers, and one feels a natural repugnance to the killing of so
+beautiful a bird for the sake of eating it. The magnificent colors
+belong only to the male, the female being reddish brown, spotted and
+marked with a darker hue. The tail of the female is short. The statement
+is made, however, that some hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that of the males.
+
+Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial baits owe their chief beauty to
+the Golden Pheasant.
+
+According to Latham, it is called by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!
+       Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!
+     A night hath passed since my young buds have heard
+       The music of thy rainbow-colored wings--
+     Wings that flash spangles out where'er they quiver,
+       Like sunlight rushing o'er a river."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN PHEASANT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+So full of fight is this little bird, that the bird trappers take
+advantage of his disposition to make him a prisoner. They place a
+decoy bird on a cage trap in the attitude of defense, and when it is
+discovered by the bird an attack at once follows, and the fighter soon
+finds himself caught.
+
+They are a great favorite for the cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a songster he more than makes up by his
+wonderful beauty. These birds are very easily tamed, the female, even in
+the wild state, being so gentle that she allows herself to be lifted
+from the nest. They are also called the _Painted Finch_ or _Painted
+Bunting_. They are found in our Southern States and Mexico. They are
+very numerous in the State of Louisiana and especially about the City of
+New Orleans, where they are greatly admired by the French inhabitants,
+who, true to their native instincts, admire anything with gay colors. As
+the first name indicates, he has no equal, perhaps, among the songsters
+for beauty of dress. On account of this purple hood, he is called by the
+French _Le Pape_, meaning The Pope.
+
+The bird makes its appearance in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which lasts until July, two broods are
+raised. The nests are made of fine grass and rest in the crotches of
+twigs of the low bushes and hedges. The eggs have a dull or pearly-white
+ground and are marked with blotches and dots of purplish and reddish
+brown.
+
+It is very pleasing to watch the numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first season are of a fine olive green
+color on the upper parts and a pale yellow below. The female undergoes
+no material change in color except becoming darker as she grows older.
+The male, on the contrary, is three seasons in obtaining his full
+variety of colors. In the second season the blue begins to show on his
+head and the red also makes its appearance in spots on the breast. The
+third year he attains his full beauty.
+
+Their favorite resorts are small thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects and also eat seeds and rice.
+
+Thousands of these birds are trapped for the cage, and sold annually to
+our northern people and also in Europe. They are comparatively cheap,
+even in our northern bird markets, as most of them are exchanged for our
+Canaries and imported birds that cannot be sent directly to the south on
+account of climatic conditions.
+
+Many a northern lady, while visiting the orange groves of Florida,
+becomes enchanted with the Nonpareil in his wild state, and some shrewd
+and wily negro, hearing her expressions of delight, easily procures one,
+and disposes of it to her at an extravagant price.
+
+
+
+
+THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.
+
+
+I am a Parrakeet. I belong to the Parrot family. A man bought me and
+brought me here.
+
+It is not warm here, as it was where I came from. I almost froze coming
+over here.
+
+I am not kept in a cage. I stay in the house and go about as I please.
+
+There is a Pussy Cat in the house. Sometimes I ride on her back. I like
+that.
+
+I used to live in the grass lands. It was very warm there. I ran among
+the thick grass blades, and sat on the stems and ate seeds.
+
+I had a wife then. Her feathers were almost like mine. We never made
+nests. When we wanted a nest, we found a hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on the nest.
+
+I can mock other birds. Sometimes I warble and chirp at the same time.
+Then it sounds like two birds singing. My tongue is short and thick, and
+this helps me to talk. But I have been talking too much. My tongue is
+getting tired.
+
+I think I'll have a ride on Pussy's back. Good bye.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Parrakeets have a great fondness for the grass lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers, running amid the thick grass blades, clinging to
+their stems, or feeding on their seeds.
+
+Grass seed is their constant food in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed, and what is remarkable, never pick food
+with their feet, as do other species of parrots, but always use their
+beaks. "They do not build a nest, but must be given a piece of wood
+with a rough hole in the middle, which they will fill to their liking,
+rejecting all soft lining of wool or cotton that you may furnish them."
+
+Only the male sings, warbling nearly all day long, pushing his beak at
+times into his mate's ear as though to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.
+
+A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet from Australia to England, says
+it suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate and was kept
+alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten sailor, who kept it warm and
+comfortable in his bosom. It was not kept in a cage, but roamed at will
+about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on the cat's back. At
+meals he perched upon his master's shoulder, picking the bits he liked
+from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would
+pull himself up by his master's whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always announced his master's coming by a shrill
+call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note
+of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his
+wing.
+
+[Illustration: AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.]
+
+THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.
+
+
+The Cock-of-the-Rock lives in Guiana. Its nest is found among the
+rocks. T. K. Salmon says: "I once went to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock; and a darker or wilder place I have never been in.
+Following up a mountain stream the gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived at the mouth of a cave with high rock on
+each side, and overshadowed by high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark, and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks. We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing two eggs; it was built upon a
+projecting piece, the body being made of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss. It was about five feet from the
+water. I did not see the male bird, and, indeed, I have rarely ever seen
+the male and female birds together, though I have seen both sexes in
+separate flocks."
+
+The eggs are described as pale buff with various sized spots of shades
+from red-brown to pale lilac.
+
+It is a solitary and wary bird, feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre ravines.
+
+Robert Schomburgh describes its dance as follows:
+
+"While traversing the mountains of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which gave me the opportunity of being
+an eye witness of their dancing, an accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little distance from the road. The
+stage, if we may so call it, measured from four to five feet in
+diameter; every blade of grass had been removed and the ground was as
+smooth as if leveled by human hands. On this space we saw one of the
+birds dance and jump about, while the others evidently played the part
+of admiring spectators. At one moment it expanded its wings, threw its
+head in the air, or spread out its tail like a peacock scratching the
+ground with its foot; all this took place with a sort of hopping gait,
+until tired, when on emitting a peculiar note, its place was immediately
+filled by another performer. In this manner the different birds went
+through their terpsichorean exercises, each retiring to its place among
+the spectators, who had settled on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males and two females in the flock. The noise
+of a breaking stick unfortunately raised an alarm, when the whole
+company of dancers immediately flew off."
+
+"The Indians, who place great value on their skins, eagerly seek out
+their playing grounds, and armed with their blow-tubes and poisoned
+arrows, lie in wait for the dances. The hunter does not attempt to use
+his weapon until the company is quite engrossed in the performance, when
+the birds become so preoccupied with their amusement that four or five
+are often killed before the survivors detect the danger and decamp."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+My home is on an island where it is very warm. I fly among the tall
+trees and eat fruit and insects.
+
+See my beautiful feathers. The ladies like to wear them in their hats.
+
+The feathers of my wife are brown, but she has no long tail feathers.
+
+My wife thinks my plumes are very beautiful.
+
+When we have a party, we go with our wives to a tall tree. We spread our
+beautiful plumes while our wives sit and watch us.
+
+Sometimes a man finds our tree and builds a hut among the lower
+branches.
+
+He hides in the hut and while we are spreading our feathers shoots at
+us.
+
+The arrows are not sharp. They do not draw blood.
+
+When they dry the skins they take off the feet and wings. This is why
+people used to think we had neither feet nor wings.
+
+They also thought we lived on the dews of heaven and the honey of
+flowers. This is why we are called the Birds of Paradise.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Upon its waving feathers poised in air,
+     Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,
+     With streamers thrown luxuriantly out
+     In all the wantonness of winged wealth."
+
+[Illustration: RED BIRD OF PARADISE.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+Birds of Paradise are found only in New Guinea and on the neighboring
+islands. The species presented here is found only on a few islands.
+
+In former days very singular ideas prevailed concerning these birds
+and the most extravagant tales were told of the life they led in their
+native lands. The natives of New Guinea, in preparing their skins for
+exportation, had removed all traces of legs, so that it was popularly
+supposed they possessed none, and on account of their want of feet and
+their great beauty, were called the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it was
+thought, the forms they had borne in the Garden of Eden, living upon dew
+or ether, through which it was imagined they perpetually floated by the
+aid of their long cloud-like plumage.
+
+Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett says: "I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of the legs, wings, etc., devour
+it with the head always first. It rarely alights upon the ground, and so
+proud is the creature of its elegant dress that it never permits a soil
+to remain upon it, frequently spreading out its wings and feathers,
+regarding its splendid self in every direction."
+
+The sounds uttered by this bird are very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change gradually to a varied scale in
+musical gradations, like _he, hi, ho, how_! He frequently raises his
+voice, sending forth notes of such power as to be heard at a long
+distance. These notes are _whack_, _whack_, uttered in a barking tone,
+the last being a low note in conclusion.
+
+While creeping amongst the branches in search of insects, he utters a
+soft clucking note. During the entire day he flies incessantly from one
+tree to another, perching but a few moments, and concealing himself
+among the foliage at the least suspicion of danger.
+
+In Bennett's "Wanderings" is an entertaining description of Mr. Beale's
+bird at Maceo. "This elegant bird," he says, "has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems delighted at being made an object
+of admiration. It bathes twice daily, and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly over its head, the quills of
+which have a peculiar structure, enabling the bird to effect this
+object. To watch this bird make its toilet is one of the most
+interesting sights of nature; the vanity which inspires its every
+movement, the rapturous delight with which it views its enchanting
+self, its arch look when demanding the spectator's admiration, are all
+pardonable in a delicate creature so richly embellished, so neat and
+cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes, so scrupulously exact in its
+observances, and so winning in all its ways."
+
+Says a traveler in New Guinea: "As we were drawing near a small grove of
+teak-trees, our eyes were dazzled with a sight more beautiful than any I
+had yet beheld. It was that of a Bird of Paradise moving through the
+bright light of the morning sun. I now saw that the birds must be seen
+alive in their native forests, in order to fully comprehend the poetic
+beauty of the words Birds of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants of a
+fairer world than ours, things that have wandered in some way from their
+home, and found the earth to show us something of the beauty of worlds
+beyond."
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+I am a Toucan and I live in a very warm country.
+
+See my handsome black coat and my yellow vest.
+
+My toes are like a parrot's, two in front and two behind.
+
+They help me to hold to the limbs.
+
+Look at my large beak. It looks heavy but it is not, as it is filled
+with air cells. These make it very light. Do you like my blue eyes?
+
+My nest is very hard to find. If I tell you where it is, you will not
+take the eggs, will you? It is in a hollow limb of a very high tree.
+
+I am very fond of fruit, and for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very well.
+
+I can fly very fast, but I cannot get along so well on the ground. I
+keep my feet far apart and hop.
+
+I like to sit in the top of the tallest trees. Then I am not afraid.
+Nothing can reach me there but a rifle ball.
+
+I do not like the owl, he is so ugly. When we find an owl we get in a
+circle around him and snap our great beaks, and jerk our tails up and
+down and scream. He is very much afraid of us.
+
+The people where I live like our yellow breasts. They wear them on their
+heads, and also put them on the ends of their bows.
+
+We sometimes sit together in a tree and snap our beaks and shout. This
+is why we have been called "Preacher Birds."
+
+We can scream so loud that we may be heard a mile away. Our song is
+"Tucano! Tucano!"
+
+I think it is a pretty song, but the people do not like it very much.
+
+[Illustration: YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.]
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+The Toucans are a numerous race of South American birds, at once
+recognizable by the prodigious size of their beaks and by the richness
+of their plumage. "These birds are very common," says Prince Von Wied,
+"in all parts of the extensive forests of the Brazils and are killed
+for the table in large numbers during the cool seasons. Their eggs are
+deposited in the hollow limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so common
+in the tropical forests, but their nests are very difficult to find. The
+egg is said to be white. They are very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas
+and plantains, and when these fruits are ripe make sad havoc among the
+neighboring plantations. In return for these depredations the planter
+eats their flesh, which is very delicate."
+
+The flight of these birds is easy and graceful, sweeping with facility
+over the loftiest trees of their native forests, their strangely
+developed bills being no encumbrance to them, replete as they are with a
+tissue of air-filled cells rendering them very light and even buoyant.
+
+On the ground they get along with a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In ascending a tree they do not
+climb but mount from one branch to another with a series of jumps,
+ascending to the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe from every
+missile except a rifle ball. They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills, clattering them together, and
+shouting hoarsely all the while, from which custom the natives call them
+Preacher-birds. Sometimes the whole party, including the sentinel, set
+up a simultaneous yell so deafeningly loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are often discovered through their
+perpetual chattering. Their cry resembles the word "Tucano," which has
+given origin to the peculiar name.
+
+When settling itself to sleep, the Toucan packs itself up in a very
+systematic manner, supporting its huge beak by resting it on its back,
+and tucking it completely among the feathers, while it doubles its tail
+across its back just as if it moved on hinges. So completely is the
+large bill hidden among the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and bright color, so that the bird
+when sleeping looks like a great ball of loose feathers.
+
+Sir R. Owen concludes that the large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of any grinding structures in the
+intestinal tract.
+
+Says a naturalist: "We turned into a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which looked almost like a bat on the
+wing. Suddenly we heard high upon the trees a short shrieking sort of
+noise ending in a hiss, and our guide became excited and said, "Toucan!"
+The birds were very wary and made off. They are much in quest and often
+shot at. At last we caught sight of a pair, but they were at the top of
+such a high tree that they were out of range. Presently, when I had
+about lost hope, I heard loud calls, and three birds came and settled in
+a low bush in the middle of the path. I shot one and it proved to be a
+very large toucan. The bird was not quite dead when I picked it up, and
+it bit me severely with its huge bill."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+I have just been singing my morning song, and I wish you could have
+heard it. I think you would have liked it.
+
+I always sing very early in the morning. I sing because I am happy, and
+the people like to hear me.
+
+My home is near a small stream, where there are low woods and underbrush
+along its banks.
+
+There is an old dead tree there, and just before the sun is up I fly to
+this tree.
+
+I sit on one of the branches and sing for about half an hour. Then I fly
+away to get my breakfast.
+
+I am very fond of fruit. Bananas grow where I live, and I like them best
+of all.
+
+I eat insects, and sometimes I fly to the rice fields and swing on the
+stalks and eat rice.
+
+The people say I do much harm to the rice, but I do not see why it is
+wrong for me to eat it, for I think there is enough for all.
+
+I must go now and get my breakfast. If you ever come to see me I will
+sing to you.
+
+I will show you my wife, too. She looks just like me. Be sure to get up
+very early. If you do not, you will be too late for my song.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,
+     With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.
+     Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell--
+     Beautiful birds--that ye come not as well?
+     Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,
+     Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;
+     Ye build and ye brood 'neath the cottagers' eaves,
+     And ye sleep on the sod, 'mid the bonnie green leaves;
+     Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,
+     Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;
+     Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,
+     Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand."
+
+[Illustration: RED-RUMPED TANAGER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+An American family, the Tanagers are mostly birds of very brilliant
+plumage. There are 300 species, a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana, living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the rice fields.
+
+In "The Auk," of July, 1893, Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:
+
+"During my stay at Boruca and Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the majority of cases found the males
+wearing the same dress as the females. In a few instances the male was
+in mottled plumage, evidently just assuming the adult phase, and in a
+lesser number of examples the male was in fully adult plumage--velvety
+black and crimson red. From the above it is clear that the males begin
+to breed before they attain fully adult plumage, and that they retain
+the dress of the female until, at least, the beginning of the second
+year.
+
+"While on this trip I had many proofs that, in spite of its rich
+plumage, and being a bird of the tropics, it is well worthy to hold a
+place of honor among the song birds. And if the bird chooses an early
+hour and a secluded spot for expressing its happiness, the melody is
+none the less delightful. At the little village of Buenos Aires, on the
+Rio Grande of Terraba, I heard the song more frequently than at any
+other point. Close by the ranch house at which we were staying, there
+is a small stream bordered by low woods and underbrush, that formed a
+favorite resort for the birds. Just below the ranch is a convenient spot
+where we took our morning bath. I was always there just as the day was
+breaking. On the opposite bank was a small open space in the brush
+occupied by the limbs of a dead tree. On one of these branches, and
+always the same one, was the spot chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth his
+morning song. Some mornings I found him busy with his music when I
+arrived, and again he would be a few minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to and fro, much after the manner of
+a canary while singing. The song would last for perhaps half an hour,
+and then away the singer would go. I have not enough musical ability to
+describe the song, but will say that often I remained standing quietly
+for a long time, only that I might listen to the music."
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.
+
+
+We find the Golden Oriole in America only. According to Mr. Nuttall, it
+is migratory, appearing in considerable numbers in West Florida about
+the middle of March. It is a good songster, and in a state of captivity
+imitates various tunes.
+
+This beautiful bird feeds on fruits and insects, and its nest is
+constructed of blades of grass, wool, hair, fine strings, and various
+vegetable fibers, which are so curiously interwoven as to confine and
+sustain each other. The nest is usually suspended from a forked and
+slender branch, in shape like a deep basin and generally lined with fine
+feathers.
+
+"On arriving at their breeding locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through the lofty branches of the tallest
+trees, appearing and vanishing restlessly, flashing at intervals into
+sight from amidst the tender waving foliage, and seem like living gems
+intended to decorate the verdant garments of the fresh clad forest."
+
+It is said these birds are so attached to their young that the female
+has been taken and conveyed on her eggs, upon which with resolute and
+fatal instinct she remained faithfully sitting until she expired.
+
+An Indiana gentleman relates the following story:
+
+"When I was a boy living in the hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.
+
+"At about thirty feet above the ground I discovered evidences of an
+Oriole's nest. A few days later I noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise, apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a bunch of horse hair and some wool,
+and hung it on limbs near the nest. Then climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work. In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.
+
+"They appeared to have some knowledge of spinning, as they would take a
+horse hair and seemingly wrap it with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.
+
+"I visited these birds almost daily, and shortly after the nest was
+completed I noticed five little speckled eggs in it. The female was so
+attached to the nest that I often rubbed her on the back and even lifted
+her to look at the eggs."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN ORIOLE.]
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+
+                                   CHICAGO, December 10th, 1896.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY.
+
+DEAR SIRS: I am very much pleased with this movement to give such
+substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your kind
+offer also.
+
+                     Respectfully,
+                                HARRIET N. WINCHELL,
+                                        Principal Tilden School.
+
+
+                             ST. JOSEPH, MICH., January 4, 1897.
+ PRINCIPAL W. J. BLACK,
+                  Chicago.
+
+DEAR SIR: Thanks for sample copy of "Birds." It is by far the finest
+thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure in
+presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any assistance
+to you that I am able.
+
+                         Yours,
+                              GEORGE W. LOOMIS,
+                                    Superintendent City Schools.
+
+
+                                DES MOINES, IOWA, January 5, 1897.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+                Fisher Building, Chicago.
+
+I have just seen the January number of "Birds," illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.
+
+                   Very sincerely,
+                            MRS. MINNIE THERESA HATCH,
+                                    Principal Washington School.
+
+
+                             LUTHER, MICH., December 31st, 1896.
+ W. E. WATT,
+   Chicago, Ill.
+
+DEAR SIR: Your serial on Birds received and after examination I have no
+hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the kind that I
+have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in presenting it to
+my teachers and recommending it to their favorable notice.
+
+                       Very truly,
+                                  E. G. JOHNSON,
+                                        Commissioner of Schools.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12×18 inches, on card
+ 19×25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30221-8.txt or 30221-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/2/30221/
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/30221-8.zip b/30221-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ee535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-8.zip
diff --git a/30221-h.zip b/30221-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0c63c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h.zip
diff --git a/30221-h/30221-h.htm b/30221-h/30221-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a78d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/30221-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,1867 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography Vol. One, No. 1, January 1897 by Birds (Periodical).
+    </title>
+
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+/*<![CDATA[*/
+
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    h1,h2 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+    h6 { font-size: 3em; margin-bottom: .5em;
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+
+    hr { width: 33%;
+	 margin-top: 2em;
+	 margin-bottom: 2em;
+         margin-left: auto;
+         margin-right: auto;
+         clear: both;
+       }
+
+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+
+    body{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+
+    .pagenum  { visibility: hidden;
+                position: absolute;
+                left: 92%;
+                font-size: smaller;
+                text-align: right;
+              } /* page numbers */
+
+    .box { width: 700px;
+           margin: 0 auto;
+           text-align: center;
+           padding: 1em;
+           border-style: none; }
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+     a        { text-decoration: none; }
+
+    .caption  {font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+    .figcenter   {margin: auto; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figleft     {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top:
+                 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+  /*]]>*/
+
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30221 ***</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 362px;">
+<img src="images/imgcover.jpg" width="362" height="600" alt="cover" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img1a.png" width="600" height="248" alt="intro" title="" />
+</div>
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">W. E. Watt, President &amp;c.,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">Fisher Building,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">My dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em; line-height: 1.5em;">Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first
+publication of &ldquo;Birds.&rdquo; Please enter my name as a regular
+subscriber. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting
+publications yet attempted in this direction. It has other
+attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+way to popular favor.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em;">Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+I remain</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">Yours very respectfully,</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img1b.png" width="400" height="132" alt="signature" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<p class="center">Vol. 1. No. 1.
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">JANUARY, 1897.</span>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>ONCE A MONTH.</strong></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 524px;">
+<img src="images/img002.jpg" width="524" height="600" alt="nonpareil" title="" />
+<span class="caption">nonpareil.</span>
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap"><strong>Nature Study Publishing Company</strong></span><br />
+<span style="font-size: smaller;">OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING</span><br />
+CHICAGO</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h6>BIRDS</h6>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY</strong></p>
+
+<h1>A MONTHLY SERIAL</h1>
+
+<p style="font-size: smaller;" class="center">DESIGNED TO PROMOTE</p>
+
+<h2>KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;With cheerful hop from perch to spray,</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">They sport along the meads;</span><br />
+ In social bliss together stray,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where love or fancy leads.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+ Through spring&#8217;s gay scenes each happy pair<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their fluttering joys pursue;</span><br />
+ Its various charms and produce share,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forever kind and true.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center"><strong>CHICAGO, U. S. A.</strong><br />
+<span style="font-size: smaller;" class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company, Publishers</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: smaller;">1896</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 38px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgi.png" width="38" height="80" alt="I" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>T has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one&#8217;s friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these likenesses,
+as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance, (except
+coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful does
+photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing plates from
+which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and, what is more
+astonishing and delightful, to produce the <span class="smcap">real colors</span> of nature
+as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.</p>
+
+<p>We quote from the December number of the Ladies&#8217; Home Journal:
+&ldquo;<em>An excellent</em> suggestion was recently made by the Department of
+Agriculture at Washington that the public schools of the country shall
+have a new holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already
+adopted the suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow.
+Of course, Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor
+Day. We can plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day
+take the form of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird
+studies&mdash;any form of entertainment, in fact, which will bring
+children closer to their little brethren of the air, and in more
+intelligent sympathy with their life and ways. There is a wonderful
+story in bird life, and but few of our children know it. Few of our
+elders do, for that matter. A whole day of a year can well and profitably
+be given over to the birds. Than such study, nothing can be more
+interesting. The cultivation of an intimate acquaintanceship with our
+feathered friends is a source of genuine pleasure. We are under greater
+obligations to the birds than we dream of. Without them the world would
+be more barren than we imagine. Consequently, we have some duties which
+we owe them. What these duties are only a few of us know or have ever
+taken the trouble to find out. Our children should not be allowed to
+grow to maturity without this knowledge. The more they know of the birds
+the better men and women they will be. We can hardly encourage
+such studies too much.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.</p>
+
+<p>They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study for all
+lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are doing a
+useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.</p>
+
+<p>The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;">
+NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.</p>
+
+<p>Copyrighted, 1896.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 544px;">
+<img src="images/img005.jpg" width="544" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">nonpareil.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE NONPAREIL.</h2>
+
+<p>I am called the Nonpareil because
+there is no other bird
+equal to me.</p>
+
+<p>I have many names. Some call
+me the &ldquo;Painted Finch&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;Painted Bunting.&rdquo; Others call
+me &ldquo;The Pope,&rdquo; because I wear
+a purple hood.</p>
+
+<p>I live in a cage, eat seeds, and
+am very fond of flies and spiders.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes they let me out of
+the cage and I fly about the
+room and catch flies. I like to
+catch them while they are flying.</p>
+
+<p>When I am tired I stop and
+sing. There is a vase of flowers
+in front of the mirror.</p>
+
+<p>I fly to this vase where I can
+see myself in the glass. Then
+I sing as loud as I can. They
+like to hear me sing.</p>
+
+<p>I take a bath every day and
+how I do make the water fly!</p>
+
+<p>I used to live in the woods
+where there were many birds
+like me. We built our nests in
+bushes, hedges, and low trees.
+How happy we were.</p>
+
+<p>My cage is pretty but I wish
+I could go back to my home in
+the woods.</p>
+
+<p class="center">See <a href="#Page_15">page 15</a>.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<img src="images/imgs_sml.png" width="57" height="70" alt="S" title="" />WEET warblers of the sunny hours,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em; margin-top: -.7em;">
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forever on the wing,</span><br />
+ I love thee as I love the flowers,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sunlight and the spring.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ They come like pleasant memories<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">In summer&#8217;s joyous time,</span><br />
+ And sing their gushing melodies,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">As I would sing a rhyme.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ In the green and quiet places,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where the golden sunlight falls,</span><br />
+ We sit with smiling faces<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">To list their silver calls.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ And when their holy anthems<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come pealing through the air,</span><br />
+ Our hearts leap forth to meet them<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a blessing and a prayer.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ Amid the morning&#8217;s fragrant dew,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amid the mists of even,</span><br />
+ They warble on as if they drew<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their music down from heaven.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ How sweetly sounds each mellow note<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beneath the moon&#8217;s pale ray,</span><br />
+ When dying zephyrs rise and float<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like lovers&#8217; sighs away!&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p>Is it cold where you live,
+little boys and girls? It is not
+where I live. Don&#8217;t you think
+my feathers grew in the bright
+sunshine?</p>
+
+<p>My home is way down where
+the big oceans almost meet.
+The sun is almost straight overhead
+every noon.</p>
+
+<p>I live in the woods, way back
+where the trees are tall and
+thick. I don&#8217;t fly around much,
+but sit on a limb of a tree way
+up high.</p>
+
+<p>Don&#8217;t you think my red breast
+looks pretty among the green
+leaves?</p>
+
+<p>When I see a fly or a berry I
+dart down after it. My long
+tail streams out behind like
+four ribbons. I wish you could
+see me. My tail never gets in
+the way.</p>
+
+<p>Wouldn&#8217;t you like to have me
+sit on your shoulder, little boy?
+You see my tail would reach
+almost to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>If you went out into the street
+with me on your shoulder, I
+would call <em>whe-oo</em>, <em>whe-oo</em>, the
+way I do in the woods.</p>
+
+<p>All the little boys and girls
+playing near would look around
+and say, &ldquo;What is that noise?&rdquo;
+Then they would see you and
+me and run up fast and say,
+&ldquo;Where did you get that bird?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The little girls would want to
+pull out my tail feathers to put
+around their hats. You would
+not let them, would you?</p>
+
+<p>I have a mate. I think she is
+very nice. Her tail is not so
+long as mine. Would you like
+to see her too? She lays eggs
+every year, and sits on them till
+little birds hatch out. They are
+just like us, but they have to
+grow and get dressed in the
+pretty feathers like ours. They
+look like little dumplings when
+they come out of the eggs.</p>
+
+<p>But they are all right. They
+get very hungry and we carry
+them lots of things to eat, so
+they can grow fast.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Your friend,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 29em;">R. T.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 468px;">
+<img src="images/img014.jpg" width="468" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">resplendent trogon.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 91px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgr.png" width="91" height="80" alt="R" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>ESPLENDENT Trogons are
+natives of Central America.
+There are fifty kinds, and
+this is the largest. A
+systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the
+only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.</p>
+
+<p>Of all birds there are few which
+excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.</p>
+
+<p>The skin is so singularly thin that
+it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage
+has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers
+are plentifully struck from their
+sockets by its fall and the blows
+which it receives from the branches as
+it comes to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green,
+were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the
+mountains near Coban in Vera Paz,
+but it also inhabits forests in other
+parts of Guatemala at an elevation
+of from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.</p>
+
+<p>From Mr. Salvin&#8217;s account of his
+shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;My companions are ahead and
+Filipe comes back to say that they
+have heard a quesal (Resplendent
+Trogon). Of course, being anxious
+to watch as well as to shoot one of
+these birds myself, I immediately
+hurry to the spot. I have not to
+wait long. A distant clattering
+noise indicates that the bird is on
+the wing. He settles&mdash;a splendid
+male&mdash;on the bough of a tree not
+seventy yards from where we are
+hidden. It sits almost motionless on
+its perch, the body remaining in the
+same position, the head only moving
+from side to side. The tail does not
+hang quite perpendicularly, the angle
+between the true tail and the vertical
+being perhaps as much as fifteen or
+twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again,
+and now and then slightly raised,
+causing the long tail coverts to vibrate
+gracefully. I have not seen all. A
+ripe fruit catches the quesal&#8217;s eye
+and he darts from his perch, plucks
+the berry, and returns to his former
+position. This is done with a degree
+of elegance that defies description. A
+low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is
+in my hand&mdash;the first quesal I have
+seen and shot.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The above anecdote is very beautiful
+and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go
+on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the <em>ruthless</em>
+killing of the birds. He who said,
+not a sparrow &ldquo;shall fall on the
+ground without your Father,&rdquo; did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but
+to beautify the earth.</p>
+
+<p>The cries of the quesal are
+various. They consist principally of a
+low note, <em>whe-oo</em>, <em>whe-oo</em>, which the
+bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it
+into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note,
+which begins low and after swelling
+dies away as it began. Other cries are
+harsh and discordant. The flight of the
+Trogon is rapid and straight. The
+long tail feathers, which never seem
+to be in the way, stream after him.
+The bird is never found except in
+forests of the loftiest trees, the
+lower branches of which, being high
+above the ground, seem to be its
+favorite resort. Its food consists
+principally of fruit, but occasionally
+a caterpillar is found in its stomach.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE MANDARIN DUCK.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>A Letter from China.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p>Quack! Quack! I got in just
+in time.</p>
+
+<p>I came as fast as I could, as I
+was afraid of being whipped.
+You see I live in a boat with
+a great many other ducks.</p>
+
+<p>My master and his family live
+in the boat too. Isn&#8217;t that a
+funny place to live in?</p>
+
+<p>We stay in all night. Waking
+up early in the morning, we cry
+Quack! Quack! until we wake
+the master.</p>
+
+<p>He gets up and opens the gate
+for us and out we tumble into
+the water. We are in such a
+hurry that we fall over each
+other. We swim about awhile
+and then we go to shore for
+breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>There are wet places near the
+shore where we find worms,
+grubs, and roots. When evening
+comes the master blows a
+whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.</p>
+
+<p>We start as soon as we hear
+it, and hurry, because the last
+duck in gets a whipping. It
+does not hurt much but we do
+not like it, so we all try to get
+home first.</p>
+
+<p>I have web feet, but I perch
+like other birds on the branches
+of the trees near the river.</p>
+
+<p>My feathers are beautiful in
+the sunlight. My wife always
+sits near me. Her dress is not
+like mine. It is brown and
+grey.</p>
+
+<p>From May to August I lose
+my bright feathers, then I put
+on a dress like my wife&#8217;s.</p>
+
+<p>My master&#8217;s family are Chinese,
+and they are very queer.
+They would not sell me for
+anything, as they would not
+like to have me leave China.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes a pair of us are
+put in a gay cage and carried to
+a wedding. After the wedding
+we are given to the bride and
+groom.</p>
+
+<p>I hear the master&#8217;s whistle
+again. He wants me to come in
+and go to bed. Quack! Quack!
+Good bye!</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img020.jpg" width="600" height="494" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">mandarin duck.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE MANDARIN DUCK.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;MORE magnificently clothed
+bird,&rdquo; says Wood, &ldquo;than the
+male Chinese Mandarin
+Duck, can hardly be
+found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China
+and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can
+hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to
+seeing the birds pass into the possession
+of Europeans.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Though web-footed, the birds have
+the power of perching and it is a
+curious sight to watch them on the
+branches of trees overhanging the
+pond in which they live, the male and
+female being always close together,
+the one gorgeous in purple, green,
+white, and chestnut, and the other
+soberly appareled in brown and grey.
+This handsome plumage the male
+loses during four months of the year,
+from May to August, when he
+throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans,
+and all his brilliant colors, assuming
+the sober tinted dress of his mate.
+The Summer Duck of America bears
+a close resemblance to the Mandarin
+Duck, both in plumage and manners,
+and at certain times of the year
+is hardly to be distinguished from
+that bird.</p>
+
+<p>The foreign duck has been successfully
+reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent
+bird and others under a domestic hen,
+the latter hatching the eggs three days
+in advance of the former.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The Chinese,&rdquo; says Dr. Bennett,
+&ldquo;highly esteem the Mandarin Duck,
+which exhibits, as they think, a most
+striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are
+frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage
+processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects
+of emulation.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I could more easily,&rdquo; wrote a friend
+of Dr. Bennett&#8217;s in China to whom he
+had expressed his desire for a pair of
+these birds, &ldquo;send you two live Mandarins
+than a pair of Mandarin
+Ducks.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Concerning their attachment and
+fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Mr. Beale&#8217;s aviary at Maceo one
+day was broken open and the male
+bird stolen from the side of its mate.
+She refused to be comforted, and, retiring
+to the farthest part of the aviary,
+sat disconsolate, rarely partaking of
+food, and giving no attention to her
+soiled and rumpled plumage. In vain
+did another handsome drake endeavor
+to console her for her loss. After some
+time the stolen bird was found in the
+quarters of a miserable Chinaman, and
+at once restored to its mate. As soon
+as he recognized his abode he began to
+flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost
+quacked to screaming with ecstasy,
+both expressing their joy by crossing
+necks and quacking in concert. The
+next morning he fell upon the unfortunate
+drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out
+his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few
+days.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>According to Schrenck, this species
+appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs
+again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small
+or large flocks, which are so extremely
+shy that they rarely come within gunshot.
+Whilst on the wing these parties
+crowd closely together in front, the
+birds in the rear occupying a comparatively
+free space.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE GOLDEN PHEASANT</h2>
+
+
+<p>They call me the Golden
+Pheasant, because I have a
+golden crest. It is like a king&#8217;s
+crown. Don&#8217;t you think my
+dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?</p>
+
+<p>See the large ruff around my
+neck. I can raise and lower
+it as I please.</p>
+
+<p>I am a very large bird. I
+am fourteen inches tall and
+twenty-eight inches long. I
+can step right over your little
+robins and meadow larks and
+blue jays and not touch them.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes people get some of
+our eggs and put them under
+an old hen. By and by little
+pheasants hatch out, and the
+hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds
+them, but they do not wish to
+stay with her; they like their
+wild life. If they are not well
+fed they will fly away.</p>
+
+<p>I have a wife. Her feathers
+are beginning to grow like mine.
+In a few years she will look as I
+do. We like to have our nests
+by a fallen tree.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE well-known Chinese Pheasant,
+which we have named
+the Golden Pheasant, as well
+as its more sober-colored
+cousin, the Silver Pheasant, has its
+home in Eastern Asia.</p>
+
+<p>China is pre-eminently the land of
+Pheasants; for, besides those just mentioned,
+several other species of the
+same family are found there. Japan
+comes next to China as a pheasant
+country and there are some in India.</p>
+
+<p>In China the Golden Pheasant is a
+great favorite, not only for its splendid
+plumage and elegant form, but for the
+excellence of its flesh, which is said to
+surpass even that of the common
+pheasant. It has been introduced into
+Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.</p>
+
+<p>For purposes of the table it is not
+likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way
+of breeding it in sufficient numbers,
+and one feels a natural repugnance to
+the killing of so beautiful a bird
+for the sake of eating it. The
+magnificent colors belong only to the
+male, the female being reddish brown,
+spotted and marked with a darker hue.
+The tail of the female is short. The
+statement is made, however, that some
+hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that
+of the males.</p>
+
+<p>Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest
+and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial
+baits owe their chief beauty to the
+Golden Pheasant.</p>
+
+<p>According to Latham, it is called
+by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!</span><br />
+ A night hath passed since my young buds have heard<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">The music of thy rainbow-colored wings&mdash;</span><br />
+ Wings that flash spangles out where&#8217;er they quiver,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like sunlight rushing o&#8217;er a river.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img028.jpg" width="600" height="451" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">golden pheasant.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE NONPAREIL.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 82px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgs.png" width="82" height="80" alt="S" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>O full of fight is this little
+bird, that the bird trappers
+take advantage of
+his disposition to make
+him a prisoner. They place a decoy
+bird on a cage trap in the attitude of
+defense, and when it is discovered by
+the bird an attack at once follows,
+and the fighter soon finds himself
+caught.</p>
+
+<p>They are a great favorite for the
+cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a
+songster he more than makes up by
+his wonderful beauty. These birds
+are very easily tamed, the female, even
+in the wild state, being so gentle that
+she allows herself to be lifted from the
+nest. They are also called the <em>Painted
+Finch</em> or <em>Painted Bunting</em>. They are
+found in our Southern States and
+Mexico. They are very numerous in
+the State of Louisiana and especially
+about the City of New Orleans, where
+they are greatly admired by the French
+inhabitants, who, true to their native
+instincts, admire anything with gay
+colors. As the first name indicates,
+he has no equal, perhaps, among the
+songsters for beauty of dress. On account
+of this purple hood, he is called
+by the French <em>Le Pape</em>, meaning The
+Pope.</p>
+
+<p>The bird makes its appearance
+in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which
+lasts until July, two broods are raised.
+The nests are made of fine grass and
+rest in the crotches of twigs of the low
+bushes and hedges. The eggs have a
+dull or pearly-white ground and are
+marked with blotches and dots of
+purplish and reddish brown.</p>
+
+<p>It is very pleasing to watch the
+numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains
+his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first
+season are of a fine olive green color on
+the upper parts and a pale yellow below.
+The female undergoes no material
+change in color except becoming
+darker as she grows older. The
+male, on the contrary, is three seasons
+in obtaining his full variety of colors.
+In the second season the blue begins
+to show on his head and the red also
+makes its appearance in spots on the
+breast. The third year he attains his
+full beauty.</p>
+
+<p>Their favorite resorts are small
+thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest
+branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects
+and also eat seeds and rice.</p>
+
+<p>Thousands of these birds are trapped
+for the cage, and sold annually to our
+northern people and also in Europe.
+They are comparatively cheap, even in
+our northern bird markets, as most of
+them are exchanged for our Canaries
+and imported birds that cannot be
+sent directly to the south on account
+of climatic conditions.</p>
+
+<p>Many a northern lady, while visiting
+the orange groves of Florida, becomes
+enchanted with the Nonpareil in his
+wild state, and some shrewd and wily
+negro, hearing her expressions of
+delight, easily procures one, and disposes
+of it to her at an extravagant
+price.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I am a Parrakeet. I belong
+to the Parrot family. A man
+bought me and brought me here.</p>
+
+<p>It is not warm here, as it was
+where I came from. I almost
+froze coming over here.</p>
+
+<p>I am not kept in a cage. I
+stay in the house and go about
+as I please.</p>
+
+<p>There is a Pussy Cat in the
+house. Sometimes I ride on her
+back. I like that.</p>
+
+<p>I used to live in the grass
+lands. It was very warm there.
+I ran among the thick grass
+blades, and sat on the stems and
+ate seeds.</p>
+
+<p>I had a wife then. Her
+feathers were almost like mine.
+We never made nests. When
+we wanted a nest, we found a
+hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on
+the nest.</p>
+
+<p>I can mock other birds. Sometimes
+I warble and chirp at the
+same time. Then it sounds like
+two birds singing. My tongue
+is short and thick, and this helps
+me to talk. But I have been
+talking too much. My tongue
+is getting tired.</p>
+
+<p>I think I&#8217;ll have a ride on
+Pussy&#8217;s back. Good bye.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 79px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgp.png" width="79" height="80" alt="P" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>ARRAKEETS have a great
+fondness for the grass
+lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers,
+running amid the thick grass blades,
+clinging to their stems, or feeding on
+their seeds.</p>
+
+<p>Grass seed is their constant food
+in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed,
+and what is remarkable, never pick
+food with their feet, as do other species
+of parrots, but always use their beaks.
+&ldquo;They do not build a nest, but must
+be given a piece of wood with a rough
+hole in the middle, which they will
+fill to their liking, rejecting all soft lining
+of wool or cotton that you may
+furnish them.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Only the male sings, warbling
+nearly all day long, pushing his beak
+at times into his mate&#8217;s ear as though
+to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not
+seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.</p>
+
+<p>A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet
+from Australia to England,
+says it suffered greatly from the
+cold and change of climate and was
+kept alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten
+sailor, who kept it warm
+and comfortable in his bosom. It
+was not kept in a cage, but roamed
+at will about the room, enjoying
+greatly at times, a ride on the cat&#8217;s
+back. At meals he perched upon his
+master&#8217;s shoulder, picking the bits he
+liked from a plate set before him. If
+the weather was cold or chilly, he
+would pull himself up by his master&#8217;s
+whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always
+announced his master&#8217;s coming by a
+shrill call, and no matter what the
+hour of night, never failed to utter a
+note of welcome, although apparently
+asleep with his head tucked under
+his wing.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img037.jpg" width="600" height="514" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">australian grass parrakeet.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 451px;">
+<img src="images/img038.jpg" width="451" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">cock-of-the-rock.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE Cock-of-the-Rock lives in
+Guiana. Its nest is found
+among the rocks. T. K.
+Salmon says: &ldquo;I once went
+to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock;
+and a darker or wilder
+place I have never been in. Following
+up a mountain stream the
+gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived
+at the mouth of a cave with high rock
+on each side, and overshadowed by
+high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark,
+and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks.
+We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a
+dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the
+face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing
+two eggs; it was built upon a projecting
+piece, the body being made
+of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss.
+It was about five feet from the water.
+I did not see the male bird, and, indeed,
+I have rarely ever seen the male and
+female birds together, though I have
+seen both sexes in separate flocks.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The eggs are described as pale buff
+with various sized spots of shades from
+red-brown to pale lilac.</p>
+
+<p>It is a solitary and wary bird,
+feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre
+ravines.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Schomburgh describes its
+dance as follows:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;While traversing the mountains
+of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which
+gave me the opportunity of being an
+eye witness of their dancing, an
+accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously
+approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little
+distance from the road. The stage, if
+we may so call it, measured from four
+to five feet in diameter; every blade of
+grass had been removed and the ground
+was as smooth as if leveled by human
+hands. On this space we saw one of
+the birds dance and jump about, while
+the others evidently played the part of
+admiring spectators. At one moment
+it expanded its wings, threw its head
+in the air, or spread out its tail like a
+peacock scratching the ground with
+its foot; all this took place with a sort
+of hopping gait, until tired, when on
+emitting a peculiar note, its place was
+immediately filled by another performer.
+In this manner the different
+birds went through their terpsichorean
+exercises, each retiring to its place
+among the spectators, who had settled
+on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males
+and two females in the flock. The
+noise of a breaking stick unfortunately
+raised an alarm, when the whole company
+of dancers immediately flew off.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The Indians, who place great value
+on their skins, eagerly seek out their
+playing grounds, and armed with
+their blow-tubes and poisoned arrows,
+lie in wait for the dances. The hunter
+does not attempt to use his weapon
+until the company is quite engrossed
+in the performance, when the birds
+become so preoccupied with their
+amusement that four or five are often
+killed before the survivors detect the
+danger and decamp.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>My home is on an island
+where it is very warm. I fly
+among the tall trees and eat
+fruit and insects.</p>
+
+<p>See my beautiful feathers.
+The ladies like to wear them in
+their hats.</p>
+
+<p>The feathers of my wife are
+brown, but she has no long tail
+feathers.</p>
+
+<p>My wife thinks my plumes
+are very beautiful.</p>
+
+<p>When we have a party, we go
+with our wives to a tall tree.
+We spread our beautiful plumes
+while our wives sit and watch
+us.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes a man finds our
+tree and builds a hut among the
+lower branches.</p>
+
+<p>He hides in the hut and while
+we are spreading our feathers
+shoots at us.</p>
+
+<p>The arrows are not sharp.
+They do not draw blood.</p>
+
+<p>When they dry the skins they
+take off the feet and wings.
+This is why people used to think
+we had neither feet nor wings.</p>
+
+<p>They also thought we lived
+on the dews of heaven and the
+honey of flowers. This is why
+we are called the Birds of
+Paradise.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Upon its waving feathers poised in air,</span><br />
+ Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,<br />
+ With streamers thrown luxuriantly out<br />
+ In all the wantonness of winged wealth.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img044.jpg" width="600" height="433" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">red bird of paradise.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 81px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgb.png" width="81" height="80" alt="B" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>IRDS of Paradise are found
+only in New Guinea and
+on the neighboring islands.
+The species presented here
+is found only on a few islands.</p>
+
+<p>In former days very singular ideas
+prevailed concerning these birds and
+the most extravagant tales were told
+of the life they led in their native
+lands. The natives of New Guinea, in
+preparing their skins for exportation,
+had removed all traces of legs, so that it
+was popularly supposed they possessed
+none, and on account of their want of
+feet and their great beauty, were called
+the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it
+was thought, the forms they had
+borne in the Garden of Eden, living
+upon dew or ether, through which it
+was imagined they perpetually floated
+by the aid of their long cloud-like
+plumage.</p>
+
+<p>Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett
+says: &ldquo;I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect
+upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of
+the legs, wings, etc., devour it with
+the head always first. It rarely alights
+upon the ground, and so proud is the
+creature of its elegant dress that it
+never permits a soil to remain upon it,
+frequently spreading out its wings and
+feathers, regarding its splendid self in
+every direction.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The sounds uttered by this bird are
+very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change
+gradually to a varied scale in musical
+gradations, like <em>he, hi, ho, how</em>! He
+frequently raises his voice, sending
+forth notes of such power as to be
+heard at a long distance. These notes
+are <em>whack</em>, <em>whack</em>, uttered in a barking
+tone, the last being a low note in
+conclusion.</p>
+
+<p>While creeping amongst the branches
+in search of insects, he utters a soft
+clucking note. During the entire day
+he flies incessantly from one tree to
+another, perching but a few moments,
+and concealing himself among the
+foliage at the least suspicion of danger.</p>
+
+<p>In Bennett&#8217;s &ldquo;Wanderings&rdquo; is an
+entertaining description of Mr. Beale&#8217;s
+bird at Maceo. &ldquo;This elegant bird,&rdquo;
+he says, &ldquo;has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and
+impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems
+delighted at being made an object of
+admiration. It bathes twice daily,
+and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly
+over its head, the quills of which
+have a peculiar structure, enabling
+the bird to effect this object.
+To watch this bird make its
+toilet is one of the most interesting
+sights of nature; the vanity which
+inspires its every movement, the
+rapturous delight with which it views
+its enchanting self, its arch look when
+demanding the spectator&#8217;s admiration,
+are all pardonable in a delicate
+creature so richly embellished, so neat
+and cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes,
+so scrupulously exact in its observances,
+and so winning in all its ways.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Says a traveler in New Guinea:
+&ldquo;As we were drawing near a small
+grove of teak-trees, our eyes were
+dazzled with a sight more beautiful
+than any I had yet beheld. It was
+that of a Bird of Paradise moving
+through the bright light of the morning
+sun. I now saw that the birds
+must be seen alive in their native
+forests, in order to fully comprehend
+the poetic beauty of the words Birds
+of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants
+of a fairer world than ours,
+things that have wandered in some
+way from their home, and found the
+earth to show us something of the
+beauty of worlds beyond.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I am a Toucan and I live in a
+very warm country.</p>
+
+<p>See my handsome black coat
+and my yellow vest.</p>
+
+<p>My toes are like a parrot&#8217;s,
+two in front and two behind.</p>
+
+<p>They help me to hold to the
+limbs.</p>
+
+<p>Look at my large beak. It
+looks heavy but it is not, as it is
+filled with air cells. These
+make it very light. Do you like
+my blue eyes?</p>
+
+<p>My nest is very hard to find.
+If I tell you where it is, you
+will not take the eggs, will you?
+It is in a hollow limb of a very
+high tree.</p>
+
+<p>I am very fond of fruit, and
+for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very
+well.</p>
+
+<p>I can fly very fast, but I cannot
+get along so well on the
+ground. I keep my feet far
+apart and hop.</p>
+
+<p>I like to sit in the top of the
+tallest trees. Then I am not
+afraid. Nothing can reach me
+there but a rifle ball.</p>
+
+<p>I do not like the owl, he is so
+ugly. When we find an owl we
+get in a circle around him and
+snap our great beaks, and jerk
+our tails up and down and
+scream. He is very much afraid
+of us.</p>
+
+<p>The people where I live like
+our yellow breasts. They wear
+them on their heads, and also
+put them on the ends of their
+bows.</p>
+
+<p>We sometimes sit together in
+a tree and snap our beaks and
+shout. This is why we have
+been called &ldquo;Preacher Birds.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>We can scream so loud that we
+may be heard a mile away. Our
+song is &ldquo;Tucano! Tucano!&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>I think it is a pretty song, but
+the people do not like it very
+much.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 543px;">
+<img src="images/img050.jpg" width="543" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">yellow throated toucan.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE Toucans are a numerous
+race of South American birds,
+at once recognizable by the
+prodigious size of their beaks
+and by the richness of their plumage.
+&ldquo;These birds are very common,&rdquo; says
+Prince Von Wied, &ldquo;in all parts of the
+extensive forests of the Brazils and
+are killed for the table in large
+numbers during the cool seasons.
+Their eggs are deposited in the hollow
+limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so
+common in the tropical forests, but
+their nests are very difficult to find.
+The egg is said to be white. They are
+very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas and
+plantains, and when these fruits are
+ripe make sad havoc among the neighboring
+plantations. In return for
+these depredations the planter eats
+their flesh, which is very delicate.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The flight of these birds is easy and
+graceful, sweeping with facility over
+the loftiest trees of their native forests,
+their strangely developed bills being
+no encumbrance to them, replete as
+they are with a tissue of air-filled cells
+rendering them very light and even
+buoyant.</p>
+
+<p>On the ground they get along with
+a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In
+ascending a tree they do not climb
+but mount from one branch to another
+with a series of jumps, ascending to
+the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe
+from every missile except a rifle ball.
+They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills,
+clattering them together, and shouting
+hoarsely all the while, from which
+custom the natives call them Preacher-birds.
+Sometimes the whole party,
+including the sentinel, set up a
+simultaneous yell so deafeningly
+loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are
+often discovered through their perpetual
+chattering. Their cry resembles
+the word &ldquo;Tucano,&rdquo; which has given
+origin to the peculiar name.</p>
+
+<p>When settling itself to sleep, the
+Toucan packs itself up in a very systematic
+manner, supporting its huge
+beak by resting it on its back, and tucking
+it completely among the feathers,
+while it doubles its tail across its back
+just as if it moved on hinges. So completely
+is the large bill hidden among
+the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and
+bright color, so that the bird when
+sleeping looks like a great ball of loose
+feathers.</p>
+
+<p>Sir R. Owen concludes that the
+large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of
+any grinding structures in the intestinal
+tract.</p>
+
+<p>Says a naturalist: &ldquo;We turned into
+a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which
+looked almost like a bat on the wing.
+Suddenly we heard high upon the trees
+a short shrieking sort of noise ending
+in a hiss, and our guide became
+excited and said, &ldquo;Toucan!&rdquo; The
+birds were very wary and made off.
+They are much in quest and often shot
+at. At last we caught sight of a pair,
+but they were at the top of such a high
+tree that they were out of range.
+Presently, when I had about lost hope,
+I heard loud calls, and three birds came
+and settled in a low bush in the middle
+of the path. I shot one and it proved to
+be a very large toucan. The bird was
+not quite dead when I picked it up,
+and it bit me severely with its huge
+bill.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I have just been singing my
+morning song, and I wish you
+could have heard it. I think
+you would have liked it.</p>
+
+<p>I always sing very early in
+the morning. I sing because I
+am happy, and the people like
+to hear me.</p>
+
+<p>My home is near a small
+stream, where there are low
+woods and underbrush along
+its banks.</p>
+
+<p>There is an old dead tree
+there, and just before the sun is
+up I fly to this tree.</p>
+
+<p>I sit on one of the branches
+and sing for about half an hour.
+Then I fly away to get my
+breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>I am very fond of fruit.
+Bananas grow where I live, and
+I like them best of all.</p>
+
+<p>I eat insects, and sometimes I
+fly to the rice fields and swing
+on the stalks and eat rice.</p>
+
+<p>The people say I do much
+harm to the rice, but I do not
+see why it is wrong for me to
+eat it, for I think there is enough
+for all.</p>
+
+<p>I must go now and get my
+breakfast. If you ever come
+to see me I will sing to you.</p>
+
+<p>I will show you my wife, too.
+She looks just like me. Be sure
+to get up very early. If you do
+not, you will be too late for my
+song.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,</span><br />
+ With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.<br />
+ Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell&mdash;<br />
+ Beautiful birds&mdash;that ye come not as well?<br />
+ Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,<br />
+ Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;<br />
+ Ye build and ye brood &lsquo;neath the cottagers&rsquo; eaves,<br />
+ And ye sleep on the sod, &#8217;mid the bonnie green leaves;<br />
+ Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,<br />
+ Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;<br />
+ Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,<br />
+ Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/img056.jpg" width="500" height="485" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">red-rumped tanager.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px; margin-top: -.1em; margin-bottom: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>N American family, the Tanagers
+are mostly birds of
+very brilliant plumage.
+There are 300 species,
+a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana,
+living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on
+bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the
+rice fields.</p>
+
+<p>In &ldquo;The Auk,&rdquo; of July, 1893, Mr.
+George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;During my stay at Boruca and
+Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and
+I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every
+instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the
+majority of cases found the males wearing
+the same dress as the females.
+In a few instances the male was in
+mottled plumage, evidently just assuming
+the adult phase, and in a lesser
+number of examples the male was in
+fully adult plumage&mdash;velvety black
+and crimson red. From the above it
+is clear that the males begin to breed
+before they attain fully adult plumage,
+and that they retain the dress of the
+female until, at least, the beginning
+of the second year.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;While on this trip I had many
+proofs that, in spite of its rich plumage,
+and being a bird of the tropics,
+it is well worthy to hold a place of
+honor among the song birds. And
+if the bird chooses an early hour
+and a secluded spot for expressing its
+happiness, the melody is none the less
+delightful. At the little village of
+Buenos Aires, on the Rio Grande of
+Terraba, I heard the song more frequently
+than at any other point.
+Close by the ranch house at which we
+were staying, there is a small stream
+bordered by low woods and underbrush,
+that formed a favorite resort for
+the birds. Just below the ranch is a
+convenient spot where we took our
+morning bath. I was always there
+just as the day was breaking. On the
+opposite bank was a small open space
+in the brush occupied by the limbs of
+a dead tree. On one of these branches,
+and always the same one, was the spot
+chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth
+his morning song. Some mornings I
+found him busy with his music when
+I arrived, and again he would be a few
+minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes
+from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then
+lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to
+and fro, much after the manner of a
+canary while singing. The song would
+last for perhaps half an hour, and then
+away the singer would go. I have not
+enough musical ability to describe the
+song, but will say that often I remained
+standing quietly for a long time, only
+that I might listen to the music.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 116px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgw.png" width="116" height="80" alt="W" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>E find the Golden Oriole
+in America only. According
+to Mr. Nuttall, it is
+migratory, appearing in
+considerable numbers in West Florida
+about the middle of March. It is a
+good songster, and in a state of
+captivity imitates various tunes.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful bird feeds on fruits
+and insects, and its nest is constructed
+of blades of grass, wool, hair,
+fine strings, and various vegetable
+fibers, which are so curiously interwoven
+as to confine and sustain each
+other. The nest is usually suspended
+from a forked and slender branch, in
+shape like a deep basin and generally
+lined with fine feathers.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;On arriving at their breeding
+locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through
+the lofty branches of the tallest trees,
+appearing and vanishing restlessly,
+flashing at intervals into sight from
+amidst the tender waving foliage,
+and seem like living gems intended to
+decorate the verdant garments of the
+fresh clad forest.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>It is said these birds are so attached
+to their young that the female has
+been taken and conveyed on her eggs,
+upon which with resolute and fatal
+instinct she remained faithfully sitting
+until she expired.</p>
+
+<p>An Indiana gentleman relates the
+following story:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;When I was a boy living in the
+hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of
+a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall
+sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;At about thirty feet above the
+ground I discovered evidences of
+an Oriole&#8217;s nest. A few days later I
+noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using
+horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create
+consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise,
+apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a
+bunch of horse hair and some wool, and
+hung it on limbs near the nest. Then
+climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work.
+In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with
+evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;They appeared to have some
+knowledge of spinning, as they would
+take a horse hair and seemingly wrap it
+with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I visited these birds almost daily,
+and shortly after the nest was completed
+I noticed five little speckled
+eggs in it. The female was so attached
+to the nest that I often rubbed her
+on the back and even lifted her to
+look at the eggs.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img063.jpg" width="600" height="491" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">golden oriole.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TESTIMONIALS.</h2>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 29em;">
+<span class="smcap">Chicago</span>, December 10th, 1896.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sirs:</span> I am very much pleased with this movement to give
+such substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your
+kind offer also.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Respectfully,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">Harriet N. Winchell,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Principal Tilden School.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 29em;">
+<span class="smcap">St. Joseph, Mich.</span>, January 4, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Principal W. J. Black</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Chicago.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir:</span> Thanks for sample copy of &ldquo;Birds.&rdquo; It is by far the
+finest thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure
+in presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any
+assistance to you that I am able.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Yours,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;" class="smcap">George W. Loomis</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Superintendent City Schools.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 28em;">
+<span class="smcap">Des Moines, Iowa</span>, January 5, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fisher Building, Chicago.</span></p>
+
+<p>I have just seen the January number of &ldquo;Birds,&rdquo; illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Very sincerely,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="smcap">Mrs. Minnie Theresa Hatch</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Principal Washington School.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 28em;">
+<span class="smcap">Luther, Mich</span>., December 31st, 1896.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">W. E. Watt</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir:</span> Your serial on Birds received and after examination
+I have no hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the
+kind that I have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in
+presenting it to my teachers and recommending it to their favorable
+notice.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Very truly,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">E. G. Johnson</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Commissioner of Schools.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 392px;">
+<img src="images/imgpremium.png" width="392" height="600" alt="Our Premium" title="" />
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30221 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img002.jpg b/30221-h/images/img002.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3d016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img002.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img005.jpg b/30221-h/images/img005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bffc583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img005.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img014.jpg b/30221-h/images/img014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef35ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img014.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img020.jpg b/30221-h/images/img020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f752e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img020.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img028.jpg b/30221-h/images/img028.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b94c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img028.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img037.jpg b/30221-h/images/img037.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36ef7aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img037.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img038.jpg b/30221-h/images/img038.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47f36da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img038.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img044.jpg b/30221-h/images/img044.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b78fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img044.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img050.jpg b/30221-h/images/img050.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b00097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img050.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img056.jpg b/30221-h/images/img056.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a03f38d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img056.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img063.jpg b/30221-h/images/img063.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87f89c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img063.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img1a.png b/30221-h/images/img1a.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65de4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img1a.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/img1b.png b/30221-h/images/img1b.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c595e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/img1b.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imga1.png b/30221-h/images/imga1.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f9e6c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imga1.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgb.png b/30221-h/images/imgb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..506ac2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgb.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgcover.jpg b/30221-h/images/imgcover.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf166c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgcover.jpg
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgi.png b/30221-h/images/imgi.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ccbf01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgi.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgp.png b/30221-h/images/imgp.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f71dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgp.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgpremium.png b/30221-h/images/imgpremium.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98962d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgpremium.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgr.png b/30221-h/images/imgr.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3757e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgr.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgs.png b/30221-h/images/imgs.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd45e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgs.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgs_sml.png b/30221-h/images/imgs_sml.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad0301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgs_sml.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgt.png b/30221-h/images/imgt.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14e0211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgt.png
diff --git a/30221-h/images/imgw.png b/30221-h/images/imgw.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c0370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221-h/images/imgw.png
diff --git a/30221.txt b/30221.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec9b833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph [January, 1897]
+       A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30221]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ Vol. 1. No. 1.    JANUARY, 1897.    PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.
+ ONCE A MONTH.
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY
+ COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ [Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+ OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+ CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ A MONTHLY SERIAL
+ DESIGNED TO PROMOTE
+ KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE
+
+
+    "With cheerful hop from perch to spray,
+       They sport along the meads;
+     In social bliss together stray,
+       Where love or fancy leads.
+
+     Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair
+       Their fluttering joys pursue;
+     Its various charms and produce share,
+       Forever kind and true."
+
+
+ CHICAGO, U. S. A.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
+ 1896
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these
+likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance,
+(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful
+does photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing
+plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and,
+what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the REAL COLORS of
+nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.
+
+We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: "_An
+excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of Agriculture
+at Washington that the public schools of the country shall have a new
+holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already adopted the
+suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow. Of course,
+Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor Day. We can
+plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day take the form
+of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird studies--any form of
+entertainment, in fact, which will bring children closer to their little
+brethren of the air, and in more intelligent sympathy with their life
+and ways. There is a wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our
+children know it. Few of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of
+a year can well and profitably be given over to the birds. Than such
+study, nothing can be more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate
+acquaintanceship with our feathered friends is a source of genuine
+pleasure. We are under greater obligations to the birds than we dream
+of. Without them the world would be more barren than we imagine.
+Consequently, we have some duties which we owe them. What these duties
+are only a few of us know or have ever taken the trouble to find out.
+Our children should not be allowed to grow to maturity without this
+knowledge. The more they know of the birds the better men and women
+they will be. We can hardly encourage such studies too much."
+
+Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.
+
+They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study
+for all lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are
+doing a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.
+
+The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.
+
+                                    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ Copyrighted, 1896.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+I am called the Nonpareil because there is no other bird equal to me.
+
+I have many names. Some call me the "Painted Finch" or "Painted
+Bunting." Others call me "The Pope," because I wear a purple hood.
+
+I live in a cage, eat seeds, and am very fond of flies and spiders.
+
+Sometimes they let me out of the cage and I fly about the room and catch
+flies. I like to catch them while they are flying.
+
+When I am tired I stop and sing. There is a vase of flowers in front of
+the mirror.
+
+I fly to this vase where I can see myself in the glass. Then I sing as
+loud as I can. They like to hear me sing.
+
+I take a bath every day and how I do make the water fly!
+
+I used to live in the woods where there were many birds like me. We
+built our nests in bushes, hedges, and low trees. How happy we were.
+
+My cage is pretty but I wish I could go back to my home in the woods.
+
+See page 15.
+
+    "Sweet warblers of the sunny hours,
+       Forever on the wing,
+     I love thee as I love the flowers,
+       The sunlight and the spring.
+
+     They come like pleasant memories
+       In summer's joyous time,
+     And sing their gushing melodies,
+       As I would sing a rhyme.
+
+     In the green and quiet places,
+       Where the golden sunlight falls,
+     We sit with smiling faces
+       To list their silver calls.
+
+     And when their holy anthems
+       Come pealing through the air,
+     Our hearts leap forth to meet them
+       With a blessing and a prayer.
+
+     Amid the morning's fragrant dew,
+       Amid the mists of even,
+     They warble on as if they drew
+       Their music down from heaven.
+
+     How sweetly sounds each mellow note
+       Beneath the moon's pale ray,
+     When dying zephyrs rise and float
+       Like lovers' sighs away!"
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.
+
+
+Is it cold where you live, little boys and girls? It is not where I
+live. Don't you think my feathers grew in the bright sunshine?
+
+My home is way down where the big oceans almost meet. The sun is almost
+straight overhead every noon.
+
+I live in the woods, way back where the trees are tall and thick. I
+don't fly around much, but sit on a limb of a tree way up high.
+
+Don't you think my red breast looks pretty among the green leaves?
+
+When I see a fly or a berry I dart down after it. My long tail streams
+out behind like four ribbons. I wish you could see me. My tail never
+gets in the way.
+
+Wouldn't you like to have me sit on your shoulder, little boy? You see
+my tail would reach almost to the ground.
+
+If you went out into the street with me on your shoulder, I would call
+_whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, the way I do in the woods.
+
+All the little boys and girls playing near would look around and say,
+"What is that noise?" Then they would see you and me and run up fast and
+say, "Where did you get that bird?"
+
+The little girls would want to pull out my tail feathers to put around
+their hats. You would not let them, would you?
+
+I have a mate. I think she is very nice. Her tail is not so long as
+mine. Would you like to see her too? She lays eggs every year, and sits
+on them till little birds hatch out. They are just like us, but they
+have to grow and get dressed in the pretty feathers like ours. They look
+like little dumplings when they come out of the eggs.
+
+But they are all right. They get very hungry and we carry them lots of
+things to eat, so they can grow fast.
+
+    Your friend,
+                 R. T.
+
+[Illustration: RESPLENDENT TROGON.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+
+Resplendent Trogons are natives of Central America. There are fifty
+kinds, and this is the largest. A systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.
+
+Of all birds there are few which excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.
+
+The skin is so singularly thin that it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers are plentifully struck from
+their sockets by its fall and the blows which it receives from the
+branches as it comes to the ground.
+
+Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green, were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it
+also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of
+from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.
+
+From Mr. Salvin's account of his shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:
+
+"My companions are ahead and Filipe comes back to say that they have
+heard a quesal (Resplendent Trogon). Of course, being anxious to watch
+as well as to shoot one of these birds myself, I immediately hurry to
+the spot. I have not to wait long. A distant clattering noise indicates
+that the bird is on the wing. He settles--a splendid male--on the bough
+of a tree not seventy yards from where we are hidden. It sits almost
+motionless on its perch, the body remaining in the same position, the
+head only moving from side to side. The tail does not hang quite
+perpendicularly, the angle between the true tail and the vertical being
+perhaps as much as fifteen or twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again, and now and then slightly raised, causing
+the long tail coverts to vibrate gracefully. I have not seen all. A ripe
+fruit catches the quesal's eye and he darts from his perch, plucks the
+berry, and returns to his former position. This is done with a degree of
+elegance that defies description. A low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is in my hand--the first quesal I
+have seen and shot."
+
+The above anecdote is very beautiful and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the _ruthless_ killing of the birds. He who
+said, not a sparrow "shall fall on the ground without your Father," did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but to beautify the earth.
+
+The cries of the quesal are various. They consist principally of a low
+note, _whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low and after
+swelling dies away as it began. Other cries are harsh and discordant.
+The flight of the Trogon is rapid and straight. The long tail feathers,
+which never seem to be in the way, stream after him. The bird is never
+found except in forests of the loftiest trees, the lower branches of
+which, being high above the ground, seem to be its favorite resort. Its
+food consists principally of fruit, but occasionally a caterpillar is
+found in its stomach.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+A Letter from China.
+
+
+Quack! Quack! I got in just in time.
+
+I came as fast as I could, as I was afraid of being whipped. You see I
+live in a boat with a great many other ducks.
+
+My master and his family live in the boat too. Isn't that a funny place
+to live in?
+
+We stay in all night. Waking up early in the morning, we cry Quack!
+Quack! until we wake the master.
+
+He gets up and opens the gate for us and out we tumble into the water.
+We are in such a hurry that we fall over each other. We swim about
+awhile and then we go to shore for breakfast.
+
+There are wet places near the shore where we find worms, grubs, and
+roots. When evening comes the master blows a whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.
+
+We start as soon as we hear it, and hurry, because the last duck in gets
+a whipping. It does not hurt much but we do not like it, so we all try
+to get home first.
+
+I have web feet, but I perch like other birds on the branches of the
+trees near the river.
+
+My feathers are beautiful in the sunlight. My wife always sits near me.
+Her dress is not like mine. It is brown and grey.
+
+From May to August I lose my bright feathers, then I put on a dress like
+my wife's.
+
+My master's family are Chinese, and they are very queer. They would not
+sell me for anything, as they would not like to have me leave China.
+
+Sometimes a pair of us are put in a gay cage and carried to a wedding.
+After the wedding we are given to the bride and groom.
+
+I hear the master's whistle again. He wants me to come in and go to bed.
+Quack! Quack! Good bye!
+
+[Illustration: MANDARIN DUCK.]
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+
+"A more magnificently clothed bird," says Wood, "than the male Chinese
+Mandarin Duck, can hardly be found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to seeing the birds pass into the
+possession of Europeans."
+
+Though web-footed, the birds have the power of perching and it is
+a curious sight to watch them on the branches of trees overhanging
+the pond in which they live, the male and female being always close
+together, the one gorgeous in purple, green, white, and chestnut, and
+the other soberly appareled in brown and grey. This handsome plumage
+the male loses during four months of the year, from May to August, when
+he throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans, and all his brilliant
+colors, assuming the sober tinted dress of his mate. The Summer Duck of
+America bears a close resemblance to the Mandarin Duck, both in plumage
+and manners, and at certain times of the year is hardly to be
+distinguished from that bird.
+
+The foreign duck has been successfully reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent bird and others under a domestic
+hen, the latter hatching the eggs three days in advance of the former.
+
+"The Chinese," says Dr. Bennett, "highly esteem the Mandarin Duck, which
+exhibits, as they think, a most striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects of emulation."
+
+"I could more easily," wrote a friend of Dr. Bennett's in China to whom
+he had expressed his desire for a pair of these birds, "send you two
+live Mandarins than a pair of Mandarin Ducks."
+
+Concerning their attachment and fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:
+
+"Mr. Beale's aviary at Maceo one day was broken open and the male bird
+stolen from the side of its mate. She refused to be comforted, and,
+retiring to the farthest part of the aviary, sat disconsolate, rarely
+partaking of food, and giving no attention to her soiled and rumpled
+plumage. In vain did another handsome drake endeavor to console her for
+her loss. After some time the stolen bird was found in the quarters of
+a miserable Chinaman, and at once restored to its mate. As soon as he
+recognized his abode he began to flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost quacked to screaming with ecstasy, both
+expressing their joy by crossing necks and quacking in concert. The next
+morning he fell upon the unfortunate drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few days."
+
+According to Schrenck, this species appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small or large flocks, which are so
+extremely shy that they rarely come within gunshot. Whilst on the wing
+these parties crowd closely together in front, the birds in the rear
+occupying a comparatively free space.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN PHEASANT
+
+
+They call me the Golden Pheasant, because I have a golden crest. It is
+like a king's crown. Don't you think my dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?
+
+See the large ruff around my neck. I can raise and lower it as I please.
+
+I am a very large bird. I am fourteen inches tall and twenty-eight
+inches long. I can step right over your little robins and meadow larks
+and blue jays and not touch them.
+
+Sometimes people get some of our eggs and put them under an old hen. By
+and by little pheasants hatch out, and the hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds them, but they do not wish to stay with her;
+they like their wild life. If they are not well fed they will fly away.
+
+I have a wife. Her feathers are beginning to grow like mine. In a few
+years she will look as I do. We like to have our nests by a fallen
+tree.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+The well-known Chinese Pheasant, which we have named the Golden
+Pheasant, as well as its more sober-colored cousin, the Silver Pheasant,
+has its home in Eastern Asia.
+
+China is pre-eminently the land of Pheasants; for, besides those just
+mentioned, several other species of the same family are found there.
+Japan comes next to China as a pheasant country and there are some in
+India.
+
+In China the Golden Pheasant is a great favorite, not only for its
+splendid plumage and elegant form, but for the excellence of its flesh,
+which is said to surpass even that of the common pheasant. It has been
+introduced into Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.
+
+For purposes of the table it is not likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way of breeding it in sufficient
+numbers, and one feels a natural repugnance to the killing of so
+beautiful a bird for the sake of eating it. The magnificent colors
+belong only to the male, the female being reddish brown, spotted and
+marked with a darker hue. The tail of the female is short. The statement
+is made, however, that some hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that of the males.
+
+Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial baits owe their chief beauty to
+the Golden Pheasant.
+
+According to Latham, it is called by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!
+       Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!
+     A night hath passed since my young buds have heard
+       The music of thy rainbow-colored wings--
+     Wings that flash spangles out where'er they quiver,
+       Like sunlight rushing o'er a river."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN PHEASANT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+So full of fight is this little bird, that the bird trappers take
+advantage of his disposition to make him a prisoner. They place a
+decoy bird on a cage trap in the attitude of defense, and when it is
+discovered by the bird an attack at once follows, and the fighter soon
+finds himself caught.
+
+They are a great favorite for the cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a songster he more than makes up by his
+wonderful beauty. These birds are very easily tamed, the female, even in
+the wild state, being so gentle that she allows herself to be lifted
+from the nest. They are also called the _Painted Finch_ or _Painted
+Bunting_. They are found in our Southern States and Mexico. They are
+very numerous in the State of Louisiana and especially about the City of
+New Orleans, where they are greatly admired by the French inhabitants,
+who, true to their native instincts, admire anything with gay colors. As
+the first name indicates, he has no equal, perhaps, among the songsters
+for beauty of dress. On account of this purple hood, he is called by the
+French _Le Pape_, meaning The Pope.
+
+The bird makes its appearance in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which lasts until July, two broods are
+raised. The nests are made of fine grass and rest in the crotches of
+twigs of the low bushes and hedges. The eggs have a dull or pearly-white
+ground and are marked with blotches and dots of purplish and reddish
+brown.
+
+It is very pleasing to watch the numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first season are of a fine olive green
+color on the upper parts and a pale yellow below. The female undergoes
+no material change in color except becoming darker as she grows older.
+The male, on the contrary, is three seasons in obtaining his full
+variety of colors. In the second season the blue begins to show on his
+head and the red also makes its appearance in spots on the breast. The
+third year he attains his full beauty.
+
+Their favorite resorts are small thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects and also eat seeds and rice.
+
+Thousands of these birds are trapped for the cage, and sold annually to
+our northern people and also in Europe. They are comparatively cheap,
+even in our northern bird markets, as most of them are exchanged for our
+Canaries and imported birds that cannot be sent directly to the south on
+account of climatic conditions.
+
+Many a northern lady, while visiting the orange groves of Florida,
+becomes enchanted with the Nonpareil in his wild state, and some shrewd
+and wily negro, hearing her expressions of delight, easily procures one,
+and disposes of it to her at an extravagant price.
+
+
+
+
+THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.
+
+
+I am a Parrakeet. I belong to the Parrot family. A man bought me and
+brought me here.
+
+It is not warm here, as it was where I came from. I almost froze coming
+over here.
+
+I am not kept in a cage. I stay in the house and go about as I please.
+
+There is a Pussy Cat in the house. Sometimes I ride on her back. I like
+that.
+
+I used to live in the grass lands. It was very warm there. I ran among
+the thick grass blades, and sat on the stems and ate seeds.
+
+I had a wife then. Her feathers were almost like mine. We never made
+nests. When we wanted a nest, we found a hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on the nest.
+
+I can mock other birds. Sometimes I warble and chirp at the same time.
+Then it sounds like two birds singing. My tongue is short and thick, and
+this helps me to talk. But I have been talking too much. My tongue is
+getting tired.
+
+I think I'll have a ride on Pussy's back. Good bye.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Parrakeets have a great fondness for the grass lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers, running amid the thick grass blades, clinging to
+their stems, or feeding on their seeds.
+
+Grass seed is their constant food in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed, and what is remarkable, never pick food
+with their feet, as do other species of parrots, but always use their
+beaks. "They do not build a nest, but must be given a piece of wood
+with a rough hole in the middle, which they will fill to their liking,
+rejecting all soft lining of wool or cotton that you may furnish them."
+
+Only the male sings, warbling nearly all day long, pushing his beak at
+times into his mate's ear as though to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.
+
+A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet from Australia to England, says
+it suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate and was kept
+alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten sailor, who kept it warm and
+comfortable in his bosom. It was not kept in a cage, but roamed at will
+about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on the cat's back. At
+meals he perched upon his master's shoulder, picking the bits he liked
+from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would
+pull himself up by his master's whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always announced his master's coming by a shrill
+call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note
+of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his
+wing.
+
+[Illustration: AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.]
+
+THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.
+
+
+The Cock-of-the-Rock lives in Guiana. Its nest is found among the
+rocks. T. K. Salmon says: "I once went to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock; and a darker or wilder place I have never been in.
+Following up a mountain stream the gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived at the mouth of a cave with high rock on
+each side, and overshadowed by high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark, and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks. We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing two eggs; it was built upon a
+projecting piece, the body being made of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss. It was about five feet from the
+water. I did not see the male bird, and, indeed, I have rarely ever seen
+the male and female birds together, though I have seen both sexes in
+separate flocks."
+
+The eggs are described as pale buff with various sized spots of shades
+from red-brown to pale lilac.
+
+It is a solitary and wary bird, feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre ravines.
+
+Robert Schomburgh describes its dance as follows:
+
+"While traversing the mountains of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which gave me the opportunity of being
+an eye witness of their dancing, an accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little distance from the road. The
+stage, if we may so call it, measured from four to five feet in
+diameter; every blade of grass had been removed and the ground was as
+smooth as if leveled by human hands. On this space we saw one of the
+birds dance and jump about, while the others evidently played the part
+of admiring spectators. At one moment it expanded its wings, threw its
+head in the air, or spread out its tail like a peacock scratching the
+ground with its foot; all this took place with a sort of hopping gait,
+until tired, when on emitting a peculiar note, its place was immediately
+filled by another performer. In this manner the different birds went
+through their terpsichorean exercises, each retiring to its place among
+the spectators, who had settled on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males and two females in the flock. The noise
+of a breaking stick unfortunately raised an alarm, when the whole
+company of dancers immediately flew off."
+
+"The Indians, who place great value on their skins, eagerly seek out
+their playing grounds, and armed with their blow-tubes and poisoned
+arrows, lie in wait for the dances. The hunter does not attempt to use
+his weapon until the company is quite engrossed in the performance, when
+the birds become so preoccupied with their amusement that four or five
+are often killed before the survivors detect the danger and decamp."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+My home is on an island where it is very warm. I fly among the tall
+trees and eat fruit and insects.
+
+See my beautiful feathers. The ladies like to wear them in their hats.
+
+The feathers of my wife are brown, but she has no long tail feathers.
+
+My wife thinks my plumes are very beautiful.
+
+When we have a party, we go with our wives to a tall tree. We spread our
+beautiful plumes while our wives sit and watch us.
+
+Sometimes a man finds our tree and builds a hut among the lower
+branches.
+
+He hides in the hut and while we are spreading our feathers shoots at
+us.
+
+The arrows are not sharp. They do not draw blood.
+
+When they dry the skins they take off the feet and wings. This is why
+people used to think we had neither feet nor wings.
+
+They also thought we lived on the dews of heaven and the honey of
+flowers. This is why we are called the Birds of Paradise.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Upon its waving feathers poised in air,
+     Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,
+     With streamers thrown luxuriantly out
+     In all the wantonness of winged wealth."
+
+[Illustration: RED BIRD OF PARADISE.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+Birds of Paradise are found only in New Guinea and on the neighboring
+islands. The species presented here is found only on a few islands.
+
+In former days very singular ideas prevailed concerning these birds
+and the most extravagant tales were told of the life they led in their
+native lands. The natives of New Guinea, in preparing their skins for
+exportation, had removed all traces of legs, so that it was popularly
+supposed they possessed none, and on account of their want of feet and
+their great beauty, were called the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it was
+thought, the forms they had borne in the Garden of Eden, living upon dew
+or ether, through which it was imagined they perpetually floated by the
+aid of their long cloud-like plumage.
+
+Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett says: "I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of the legs, wings, etc., devour
+it with the head always first. It rarely alights upon the ground, and so
+proud is the creature of its elegant dress that it never permits a soil
+to remain upon it, frequently spreading out its wings and feathers,
+regarding its splendid self in every direction."
+
+The sounds uttered by this bird are very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change gradually to a varied scale in
+musical gradations, like _he, hi, ho, how_! He frequently raises his
+voice, sending forth notes of such power as to be heard at a long
+distance. These notes are _whack_, _whack_, uttered in a barking tone,
+the last being a low note in conclusion.
+
+While creeping amongst the branches in search of insects, he utters a
+soft clucking note. During the entire day he flies incessantly from one
+tree to another, perching but a few moments, and concealing himself
+among the foliage at the least suspicion of danger.
+
+In Bennett's "Wanderings" is an entertaining description of Mr. Beale's
+bird at Maceo. "This elegant bird," he says, "has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems delighted at being made an object
+of admiration. It bathes twice daily, and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly over its head, the quills of
+which have a peculiar structure, enabling the bird to effect this
+object. To watch this bird make its toilet is one of the most
+interesting sights of nature; the vanity which inspires its every
+movement, the rapturous delight with which it views its enchanting
+self, its arch look when demanding the spectator's admiration, are all
+pardonable in a delicate creature so richly embellished, so neat and
+cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes, so scrupulously exact in its
+observances, and so winning in all its ways."
+
+Says a traveler in New Guinea: "As we were drawing near a small grove of
+teak-trees, our eyes were dazzled with a sight more beautiful than any I
+had yet beheld. It was that of a Bird of Paradise moving through the
+bright light of the morning sun. I now saw that the birds must be seen
+alive in their native forests, in order to fully comprehend the poetic
+beauty of the words Birds of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants of a
+fairer world than ours, things that have wandered in some way from their
+home, and found the earth to show us something of the beauty of worlds
+beyond."
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+I am a Toucan and I live in a very warm country.
+
+See my handsome black coat and my yellow vest.
+
+My toes are like a parrot's, two in front and two behind.
+
+They help me to hold to the limbs.
+
+Look at my large beak. It looks heavy but it is not, as it is filled
+with air cells. These make it very light. Do you like my blue eyes?
+
+My nest is very hard to find. If I tell you where it is, you will not
+take the eggs, will you? It is in a hollow limb of a very high tree.
+
+I am very fond of fruit, and for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very well.
+
+I can fly very fast, but I cannot get along so well on the ground. I
+keep my feet far apart and hop.
+
+I like to sit in the top of the tallest trees. Then I am not afraid.
+Nothing can reach me there but a rifle ball.
+
+I do not like the owl, he is so ugly. When we find an owl we get in a
+circle around him and snap our great beaks, and jerk our tails up and
+down and scream. He is very much afraid of us.
+
+The people where I live like our yellow breasts. They wear them on their
+heads, and also put them on the ends of their bows.
+
+We sometimes sit together in a tree and snap our beaks and shout. This
+is why we have been called "Preacher Birds."
+
+We can scream so loud that we may be heard a mile away. Our song is
+"Tucano! Tucano!"
+
+I think it is a pretty song, but the people do not like it very much.
+
+[Illustration: YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.]
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+The Toucans are a numerous race of South American birds, at once
+recognizable by the prodigious size of their beaks and by the richness
+of their plumage. "These birds are very common," says Prince Von Wied,
+"in all parts of the extensive forests of the Brazils and are killed
+for the table in large numbers during the cool seasons. Their eggs are
+deposited in the hollow limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so common
+in the tropical forests, but their nests are very difficult to find. The
+egg is said to be white. They are very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas
+and plantains, and when these fruits are ripe make sad havoc among the
+neighboring plantations. In return for these depredations the planter
+eats their flesh, which is very delicate."
+
+The flight of these birds is easy and graceful, sweeping with facility
+over the loftiest trees of their native forests, their strangely
+developed bills being no encumbrance to them, replete as they are with a
+tissue of air-filled cells rendering them very light and even buoyant.
+
+On the ground they get along with a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In ascending a tree they do not
+climb but mount from one branch to another with a series of jumps,
+ascending to the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe from every
+missile except a rifle ball. They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills, clattering them together, and
+shouting hoarsely all the while, from which custom the natives call them
+Preacher-birds. Sometimes the whole party, including the sentinel, set
+up a simultaneous yell so deafeningly loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are often discovered through their
+perpetual chattering. Their cry resembles the word "Tucano," which has
+given origin to the peculiar name.
+
+When settling itself to sleep, the Toucan packs itself up in a very
+systematic manner, supporting its huge beak by resting it on its back,
+and tucking it completely among the feathers, while it doubles its tail
+across its back just as if it moved on hinges. So completely is the
+large bill hidden among the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and bright color, so that the bird
+when sleeping looks like a great ball of loose feathers.
+
+Sir R. Owen concludes that the large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of any grinding structures in the
+intestinal tract.
+
+Says a naturalist: "We turned into a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which looked almost like a bat on the
+wing. Suddenly we heard high upon the trees a short shrieking sort of
+noise ending in a hiss, and our guide became excited and said, "Toucan!"
+The birds were very wary and made off. They are much in quest and often
+shot at. At last we caught sight of a pair, but they were at the top of
+such a high tree that they were out of range. Presently, when I had
+about lost hope, I heard loud calls, and three birds came and settled in
+a low bush in the middle of the path. I shot one and it proved to be a
+very large toucan. The bird was not quite dead when I picked it up, and
+it bit me severely with its huge bill."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+I have just been singing my morning song, and I wish you could have
+heard it. I think you would have liked it.
+
+I always sing very early in the morning. I sing because I am happy, and
+the people like to hear me.
+
+My home is near a small stream, where there are low woods and underbrush
+along its banks.
+
+There is an old dead tree there, and just before the sun is up I fly to
+this tree.
+
+I sit on one of the branches and sing for about half an hour. Then I fly
+away to get my breakfast.
+
+I am very fond of fruit. Bananas grow where I live, and I like them best
+of all.
+
+I eat insects, and sometimes I fly to the rice fields and swing on the
+stalks and eat rice.
+
+The people say I do much harm to the rice, but I do not see why it is
+wrong for me to eat it, for I think there is enough for all.
+
+I must go now and get my breakfast. If you ever come to see me I will
+sing to you.
+
+I will show you my wife, too. She looks just like me. Be sure to get up
+very early. If you do not, you will be too late for my song.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,
+     With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.
+     Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell--
+     Beautiful birds--that ye come not as well?
+     Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,
+     Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;
+     Ye build and ye brood 'neath the cottagers' eaves,
+     And ye sleep on the sod, 'mid the bonnie green leaves;
+     Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,
+     Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;
+     Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,
+     Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand."
+
+[Illustration: RED-RUMPED TANAGER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+An American family, the Tanagers are mostly birds of very brilliant
+plumage. There are 300 species, a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana, living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the rice fields.
+
+In "The Auk," of July, 1893, Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:
+
+"During my stay at Boruca and Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the majority of cases found the males
+wearing the same dress as the females. In a few instances the male was
+in mottled plumage, evidently just assuming the adult phase, and in a
+lesser number of examples the male was in fully adult plumage--velvety
+black and crimson red. From the above it is clear that the males begin
+to breed before they attain fully adult plumage, and that they retain
+the dress of the female until, at least, the beginning of the second
+year.
+
+"While on this trip I had many proofs that, in spite of its rich
+plumage, and being a bird of the tropics, it is well worthy to hold a
+place of honor among the song birds. And if the bird chooses an early
+hour and a secluded spot for expressing its happiness, the melody is
+none the less delightful. At the little village of Buenos Aires, on the
+Rio Grande of Terraba, I heard the song more frequently than at any
+other point. Close by the ranch house at which we were staying, there
+is a small stream bordered by low woods and underbrush, that formed a
+favorite resort for the birds. Just below the ranch is a convenient spot
+where we took our morning bath. I was always there just as the day was
+breaking. On the opposite bank was a small open space in the brush
+occupied by the limbs of a dead tree. On one of these branches, and
+always the same one, was the spot chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth his
+morning song. Some mornings I found him busy with his music when I
+arrived, and again he would be a few minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to and fro, much after the manner of
+a canary while singing. The song would last for perhaps half an hour,
+and then away the singer would go. I have not enough musical ability to
+describe the song, but will say that often I remained standing quietly
+for a long time, only that I might listen to the music."
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.
+
+
+We find the Golden Oriole in America only. According to Mr. Nuttall, it
+is migratory, appearing in considerable numbers in West Florida about
+the middle of March. It is a good songster, and in a state of captivity
+imitates various tunes.
+
+This beautiful bird feeds on fruits and insects, and its nest is
+constructed of blades of grass, wool, hair, fine strings, and various
+vegetable fibers, which are so curiously interwoven as to confine and
+sustain each other. The nest is usually suspended from a forked and
+slender branch, in shape like a deep basin and generally lined with fine
+feathers.
+
+"On arriving at their breeding locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through the lofty branches of the tallest
+trees, appearing and vanishing restlessly, flashing at intervals into
+sight from amidst the tender waving foliage, and seem like living gems
+intended to decorate the verdant garments of the fresh clad forest."
+
+It is said these birds are so attached to their young that the female
+has been taken and conveyed on her eggs, upon which with resolute and
+fatal instinct she remained faithfully sitting until she expired.
+
+An Indiana gentleman relates the following story:
+
+"When I was a boy living in the hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.
+
+"At about thirty feet above the ground I discovered evidences of an
+Oriole's nest. A few days later I noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise, apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a bunch of horse hair and some wool,
+and hung it on limbs near the nest. Then climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work. In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.
+
+"They appeared to have some knowledge of spinning, as they would take a
+horse hair and seemingly wrap it with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.
+
+"I visited these birds almost daily, and shortly after the nest was
+completed I noticed five little speckled eggs in it. The female was so
+attached to the nest that I often rubbed her on the back and even lifted
+her to look at the eggs."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN ORIOLE.]
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+
+                                   CHICAGO, December 10th, 1896.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY.
+
+DEAR SIRS: I am very much pleased with this movement to give such
+substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your kind
+offer also.
+
+                     Respectfully,
+                                HARRIET N. WINCHELL,
+                                        Principal Tilden School.
+
+
+                             ST. JOSEPH, MICH., January 4, 1897.
+ PRINCIPAL W. J. BLACK,
+                  Chicago.
+
+DEAR SIR: Thanks for sample copy of "Birds." It is by far the finest
+thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure in
+presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any assistance
+to you that I am able.
+
+                         Yours,
+                              GEORGE W. LOOMIS,
+                                    Superintendent City Schools.
+
+
+                                DES MOINES, IOWA, January 5, 1897.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+                Fisher Building, Chicago.
+
+I have just seen the January number of "Birds," illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.
+
+                   Very sincerely,
+                            MRS. MINNIE THERESA HATCH,
+                                    Principal Washington School.
+
+
+                             LUTHER, MICH., December 31st, 1896.
+ W. E. WATT,
+   Chicago, Ill.
+
+DEAR SIR: Your serial on Birds received and after examination I have no
+hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the kind that I
+have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in presenting it to
+my teachers and recommending it to their favorable notice.
+
+                       Very truly,
+                                  E. G. JOHNSON,
+                                        Commissioner of Schools.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12x18 inches, on card
+ 19x25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30221.txt or 30221.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/2/30221/
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/30221.zip b/30221.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3173a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30221.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa55bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #30221 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30221)
diff --git a/old/30221-8.txt b/old/30221-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e6ac4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph [January, 1897]
+       A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30221]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ Vol. 1. No. 1.    JANUARY, 1897.    PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.
+ ONCE A MONTH.
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY
+ COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ [Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+ OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+ CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ A MONTHLY SERIAL
+ DESIGNED TO PROMOTE
+ KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE
+
+
+    "With cheerful hop from perch to spray,
+       They sport along the meads;
+     In social bliss together stray,
+       Where love or fancy leads.
+
+     Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair
+       Their fluttering joys pursue;
+     Its various charms and produce share,
+       Forever kind and true."
+
+
+ CHICAGO, U. S. A.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
+ 1896
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these
+likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance,
+(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful
+does photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing
+plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and,
+what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the REAL COLORS of
+nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.
+
+We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: "_An
+excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of Agriculture
+at Washington that the public schools of the country shall have a new
+holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already adopted the
+suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow. Of course,
+Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor Day. We can
+plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day take the form
+of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird studies--any form of
+entertainment, in fact, which will bring children closer to their little
+brethren of the air, and in more intelligent sympathy with their life
+and ways. There is a wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our
+children know it. Few of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of
+a year can well and profitably be given over to the birds. Than such
+study, nothing can be more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate
+acquaintanceship with our feathered friends is a source of genuine
+pleasure. We are under greater obligations to the birds than we dream
+of. Without them the world would be more barren than we imagine.
+Consequently, we have some duties which we owe them. What these duties
+are only a few of us know or have ever taken the trouble to find out.
+Our children should not be allowed to grow to maturity without this
+knowledge. The more they know of the birds the better men and women
+they will be. We can hardly encourage such studies too much."
+
+Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.
+
+They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study
+for all lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are
+doing a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.
+
+The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.
+
+                                    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ Copyrighted, 1896.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+I am called the Nonpareil because there is no other bird equal to me.
+
+I have many names. Some call me the "Painted Finch" or "Painted
+Bunting." Others call me "The Pope," because I wear a purple hood.
+
+I live in a cage, eat seeds, and am very fond of flies and spiders.
+
+Sometimes they let me out of the cage and I fly about the room and catch
+flies. I like to catch them while they are flying.
+
+When I am tired I stop and sing. There is a vase of flowers in front of
+the mirror.
+
+I fly to this vase where I can see myself in the glass. Then I sing as
+loud as I can. They like to hear me sing.
+
+I take a bath every day and how I do make the water fly!
+
+I used to live in the woods where there were many birds like me. We
+built our nests in bushes, hedges, and low trees. How happy we were.
+
+My cage is pretty but I wish I could go back to my home in the woods.
+
+See page 15.
+
+    "Sweet warblers of the sunny hours,
+       Forever on the wing,
+     I love thee as I love the flowers,
+       The sunlight and the spring.
+
+     They come like pleasant memories
+       In summer's joyous time,
+     And sing their gushing melodies,
+       As I would sing a rhyme.
+
+     In the green and quiet places,
+       Where the golden sunlight falls,
+     We sit with smiling faces
+       To list their silver calls.
+
+     And when their holy anthems
+       Come pealing through the air,
+     Our hearts leap forth to meet them
+       With a blessing and a prayer.
+
+     Amid the morning's fragrant dew,
+       Amid the mists of even,
+     They warble on as if they drew
+       Their music down from heaven.
+
+     How sweetly sounds each mellow note
+       Beneath the moon's pale ray,
+     When dying zephyrs rise and float
+       Like lovers' sighs away!"
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.
+
+
+Is it cold where you live, little boys and girls? It is not where I
+live. Don't you think my feathers grew in the bright sunshine?
+
+My home is way down where the big oceans almost meet. The sun is almost
+straight overhead every noon.
+
+I live in the woods, way back where the trees are tall and thick. I
+don't fly around much, but sit on a limb of a tree way up high.
+
+Don't you think my red breast looks pretty among the green leaves?
+
+When I see a fly or a berry I dart down after it. My long tail streams
+out behind like four ribbons. I wish you could see me. My tail never
+gets in the way.
+
+Wouldn't you like to have me sit on your shoulder, little boy? You see
+my tail would reach almost to the ground.
+
+If you went out into the street with me on your shoulder, I would call
+_whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, the way I do in the woods.
+
+All the little boys and girls playing near would look around and say,
+"What is that noise?" Then they would see you and me and run up fast and
+say, "Where did you get that bird?"
+
+The little girls would want to pull out my tail feathers to put around
+their hats. You would not let them, would you?
+
+I have a mate. I think she is very nice. Her tail is not so long as
+mine. Would you like to see her too? She lays eggs every year, and sits
+on them till little birds hatch out. They are just like us, but they
+have to grow and get dressed in the pretty feathers like ours. They look
+like little dumplings when they come out of the eggs.
+
+But they are all right. They get very hungry and we carry them lots of
+things to eat, so they can grow fast.
+
+    Your friend,
+                 R. T.
+
+[Illustration: RESPLENDENT TROGON.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+
+Resplendent Trogons are natives of Central America. There are fifty
+kinds, and this is the largest. A systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.
+
+Of all birds there are few which excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.
+
+The skin is so singularly thin that it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers are plentifully struck from
+their sockets by its fall and the blows which it receives from the
+branches as it comes to the ground.
+
+Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green, were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it
+also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of
+from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.
+
+From Mr. Salvin's account of his shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:
+
+"My companions are ahead and Filipe comes back to say that they have
+heard a quesal (Resplendent Trogon). Of course, being anxious to watch
+as well as to shoot one of these birds myself, I immediately hurry to
+the spot. I have not to wait long. A distant clattering noise indicates
+that the bird is on the wing. He settles--a splendid male--on the bough
+of a tree not seventy yards from where we are hidden. It sits almost
+motionless on its perch, the body remaining in the same position, the
+head only moving from side to side. The tail does not hang quite
+perpendicularly, the angle between the true tail and the vertical being
+perhaps as much as fifteen or twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again, and now and then slightly raised, causing
+the long tail coverts to vibrate gracefully. I have not seen all. A ripe
+fruit catches the quesal's eye and he darts from his perch, plucks the
+berry, and returns to his former position. This is done with a degree of
+elegance that defies description. A low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is in my hand--the first quesal I
+have seen and shot."
+
+The above anecdote is very beautiful and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the _ruthless_ killing of the birds. He who
+said, not a sparrow "shall fall on the ground without your Father," did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but to beautify the earth.
+
+The cries of the quesal are various. They consist principally of a low
+note, _whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low and after
+swelling dies away as it began. Other cries are harsh and discordant.
+The flight of the Trogon is rapid and straight. The long tail feathers,
+which never seem to be in the way, stream after him. The bird is never
+found except in forests of the loftiest trees, the lower branches of
+which, being high above the ground, seem to be its favorite resort. Its
+food consists principally of fruit, but occasionally a caterpillar is
+found in its stomach.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+A Letter from China.
+
+
+Quack! Quack! I got in just in time.
+
+I came as fast as I could, as I was afraid of being whipped. You see I
+live in a boat with a great many other ducks.
+
+My master and his family live in the boat too. Isn't that a funny place
+to live in?
+
+We stay in all night. Waking up early in the morning, we cry Quack!
+Quack! until we wake the master.
+
+He gets up and opens the gate for us and out we tumble into the water.
+We are in such a hurry that we fall over each other. We swim about
+awhile and then we go to shore for breakfast.
+
+There are wet places near the shore where we find worms, grubs, and
+roots. When evening comes the master blows a whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.
+
+We start as soon as we hear it, and hurry, because the last duck in gets
+a whipping. It does not hurt much but we do not like it, so we all try
+to get home first.
+
+I have web feet, but I perch like other birds on the branches of the
+trees near the river.
+
+My feathers are beautiful in the sunlight. My wife always sits near me.
+Her dress is not like mine. It is brown and grey.
+
+From May to August I lose my bright feathers, then I put on a dress like
+my wife's.
+
+My master's family are Chinese, and they are very queer. They would not
+sell me for anything, as they would not like to have me leave China.
+
+Sometimes a pair of us are put in a gay cage and carried to a wedding.
+After the wedding we are given to the bride and groom.
+
+I hear the master's whistle again. He wants me to come in and go to bed.
+Quack! Quack! Good bye!
+
+[Illustration: MANDARIN DUCK.]
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+
+"A more magnificently clothed bird," says Wood, "than the male Chinese
+Mandarin Duck, can hardly be found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to seeing the birds pass into the
+possession of Europeans."
+
+Though web-footed, the birds have the power of perching and it is
+a curious sight to watch them on the branches of trees overhanging
+the pond in which they live, the male and female being always close
+together, the one gorgeous in purple, green, white, and chestnut, and
+the other soberly appareled in brown and grey. This handsome plumage
+the male loses during four months of the year, from May to August, when
+he throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans, and all his brilliant
+colors, assuming the sober tinted dress of his mate. The Summer Duck of
+America bears a close resemblance to the Mandarin Duck, both in plumage
+and manners, and at certain times of the year is hardly to be
+distinguished from that bird.
+
+The foreign duck has been successfully reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent bird and others under a domestic
+hen, the latter hatching the eggs three days in advance of the former.
+
+"The Chinese," says Dr. Bennett, "highly esteem the Mandarin Duck, which
+exhibits, as they think, a most striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects of emulation."
+
+"I could more easily," wrote a friend of Dr. Bennett's in China to whom
+he had expressed his desire for a pair of these birds, "send you two
+live Mandarins than a pair of Mandarin Ducks."
+
+Concerning their attachment and fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:
+
+"Mr. Beale's aviary at Maceo one day was broken open and the male bird
+stolen from the side of its mate. She refused to be comforted, and,
+retiring to the farthest part of the aviary, sat disconsolate, rarely
+partaking of food, and giving no attention to her soiled and rumpled
+plumage. In vain did another handsome drake endeavor to console her for
+her loss. After some time the stolen bird was found in the quarters of
+a miserable Chinaman, and at once restored to its mate. As soon as he
+recognized his abode he began to flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost quacked to screaming with ecstasy, both
+expressing their joy by crossing necks and quacking in concert. The next
+morning he fell upon the unfortunate drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few days."
+
+According to Schrenck, this species appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small or large flocks, which are so
+extremely shy that they rarely come within gunshot. Whilst on the wing
+these parties crowd closely together in front, the birds in the rear
+occupying a comparatively free space.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN PHEASANT
+
+
+They call me the Golden Pheasant, because I have a golden crest. It is
+like a king's crown. Don't you think my dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?
+
+See the large ruff around my neck. I can raise and lower it as I please.
+
+I am a very large bird. I am fourteen inches tall and twenty-eight
+inches long. I can step right over your little robins and meadow larks
+and blue jays and not touch them.
+
+Sometimes people get some of our eggs and put them under an old hen. By
+and by little pheasants hatch out, and the hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds them, but they do not wish to stay with her;
+they like their wild life. If they are not well fed they will fly away.
+
+I have a wife. Her feathers are beginning to grow like mine. In a few
+years she will look as I do. We like to have our nests by a fallen
+tree.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+The well-known Chinese Pheasant, which we have named the Golden
+Pheasant, as well as its more sober-colored cousin, the Silver Pheasant,
+has its home in Eastern Asia.
+
+China is pre-eminently the land of Pheasants; for, besides those just
+mentioned, several other species of the same family are found there.
+Japan comes next to China as a pheasant country and there are some in
+India.
+
+In China the Golden Pheasant is a great favorite, not only for its
+splendid plumage and elegant form, but for the excellence of its flesh,
+which is said to surpass even that of the common pheasant. It has been
+introduced into Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.
+
+For purposes of the table it is not likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way of breeding it in sufficient
+numbers, and one feels a natural repugnance to the killing of so
+beautiful a bird for the sake of eating it. The magnificent colors
+belong only to the male, the female being reddish brown, spotted and
+marked with a darker hue. The tail of the female is short. The statement
+is made, however, that some hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that of the males.
+
+Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial baits owe their chief beauty to
+the Golden Pheasant.
+
+According to Latham, it is called by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!
+       Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!
+     A night hath passed since my young buds have heard
+       The music of thy rainbow-colored wings--
+     Wings that flash spangles out where'er they quiver,
+       Like sunlight rushing o'er a river."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN PHEASANT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+So full of fight is this little bird, that the bird trappers take
+advantage of his disposition to make him a prisoner. They place a
+decoy bird on a cage trap in the attitude of defense, and when it is
+discovered by the bird an attack at once follows, and the fighter soon
+finds himself caught.
+
+They are a great favorite for the cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a songster he more than makes up by his
+wonderful beauty. These birds are very easily tamed, the female, even in
+the wild state, being so gentle that she allows herself to be lifted
+from the nest. They are also called the _Painted Finch_ or _Painted
+Bunting_. They are found in our Southern States and Mexico. They are
+very numerous in the State of Louisiana and especially about the City of
+New Orleans, where they are greatly admired by the French inhabitants,
+who, true to their native instincts, admire anything with gay colors. As
+the first name indicates, he has no equal, perhaps, among the songsters
+for beauty of dress. On account of this purple hood, he is called by the
+French _Le Pape_, meaning The Pope.
+
+The bird makes its appearance in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which lasts until July, two broods are
+raised. The nests are made of fine grass and rest in the crotches of
+twigs of the low bushes and hedges. The eggs have a dull or pearly-white
+ground and are marked with blotches and dots of purplish and reddish
+brown.
+
+It is very pleasing to watch the numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first season are of a fine olive green
+color on the upper parts and a pale yellow below. The female undergoes
+no material change in color except becoming darker as she grows older.
+The male, on the contrary, is three seasons in obtaining his full
+variety of colors. In the second season the blue begins to show on his
+head and the red also makes its appearance in spots on the breast. The
+third year he attains his full beauty.
+
+Their favorite resorts are small thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects and also eat seeds and rice.
+
+Thousands of these birds are trapped for the cage, and sold annually to
+our northern people and also in Europe. They are comparatively cheap,
+even in our northern bird markets, as most of them are exchanged for our
+Canaries and imported birds that cannot be sent directly to the south on
+account of climatic conditions.
+
+Many a northern lady, while visiting the orange groves of Florida,
+becomes enchanted with the Nonpareil in his wild state, and some shrewd
+and wily negro, hearing her expressions of delight, easily procures one,
+and disposes of it to her at an extravagant price.
+
+
+
+
+THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.
+
+
+I am a Parrakeet. I belong to the Parrot family. A man bought me and
+brought me here.
+
+It is not warm here, as it was where I came from. I almost froze coming
+over here.
+
+I am not kept in a cage. I stay in the house and go about as I please.
+
+There is a Pussy Cat in the house. Sometimes I ride on her back. I like
+that.
+
+I used to live in the grass lands. It was very warm there. I ran among
+the thick grass blades, and sat on the stems and ate seeds.
+
+I had a wife then. Her feathers were almost like mine. We never made
+nests. When we wanted a nest, we found a hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on the nest.
+
+I can mock other birds. Sometimes I warble and chirp at the same time.
+Then it sounds like two birds singing. My tongue is short and thick, and
+this helps me to talk. But I have been talking too much. My tongue is
+getting tired.
+
+I think I'll have a ride on Pussy's back. Good bye.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Parrakeets have a great fondness for the grass lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers, running amid the thick grass blades, clinging to
+their stems, or feeding on their seeds.
+
+Grass seed is their constant food in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed, and what is remarkable, never pick food
+with their feet, as do other species of parrots, but always use their
+beaks. "They do not build a nest, but must be given a piece of wood
+with a rough hole in the middle, which they will fill to their liking,
+rejecting all soft lining of wool or cotton that you may furnish them."
+
+Only the male sings, warbling nearly all day long, pushing his beak at
+times into his mate's ear as though to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.
+
+A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet from Australia to England, says
+it suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate and was kept
+alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten sailor, who kept it warm and
+comfortable in his bosom. It was not kept in a cage, but roamed at will
+about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on the cat's back. At
+meals he perched upon his master's shoulder, picking the bits he liked
+from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would
+pull himself up by his master's whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always announced his master's coming by a shrill
+call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note
+of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his
+wing.
+
+[Illustration: AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.]
+
+THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.
+
+
+The Cock-of-the-Rock lives in Guiana. Its nest is found among the
+rocks. T. K. Salmon says: "I once went to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock; and a darker or wilder place I have never been in.
+Following up a mountain stream the gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived at the mouth of a cave with high rock on
+each side, and overshadowed by high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark, and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks. We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing two eggs; it was built upon a
+projecting piece, the body being made of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss. It was about five feet from the
+water. I did not see the male bird, and, indeed, I have rarely ever seen
+the male and female birds together, though I have seen both sexes in
+separate flocks."
+
+The eggs are described as pale buff with various sized spots of shades
+from red-brown to pale lilac.
+
+It is a solitary and wary bird, feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre ravines.
+
+Robert Schomburgh describes its dance as follows:
+
+"While traversing the mountains of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which gave me the opportunity of being
+an eye witness of their dancing, an accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little distance from the road. The
+stage, if we may so call it, measured from four to five feet in
+diameter; every blade of grass had been removed and the ground was as
+smooth as if leveled by human hands. On this space we saw one of the
+birds dance and jump about, while the others evidently played the part
+of admiring spectators. At one moment it expanded its wings, threw its
+head in the air, or spread out its tail like a peacock scratching the
+ground with its foot; all this took place with a sort of hopping gait,
+until tired, when on emitting a peculiar note, its place was immediately
+filled by another performer. In this manner the different birds went
+through their terpsichorean exercises, each retiring to its place among
+the spectators, who had settled on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males and two females in the flock. The noise
+of a breaking stick unfortunately raised an alarm, when the whole
+company of dancers immediately flew off."
+
+"The Indians, who place great value on their skins, eagerly seek out
+their playing grounds, and armed with their blow-tubes and poisoned
+arrows, lie in wait for the dances. The hunter does not attempt to use
+his weapon until the company is quite engrossed in the performance, when
+the birds become so preoccupied with their amusement that four or five
+are often killed before the survivors detect the danger and decamp."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+My home is on an island where it is very warm. I fly among the tall
+trees and eat fruit and insects.
+
+See my beautiful feathers. The ladies like to wear them in their hats.
+
+The feathers of my wife are brown, but she has no long tail feathers.
+
+My wife thinks my plumes are very beautiful.
+
+When we have a party, we go with our wives to a tall tree. We spread our
+beautiful plumes while our wives sit and watch us.
+
+Sometimes a man finds our tree and builds a hut among the lower
+branches.
+
+He hides in the hut and while we are spreading our feathers shoots at
+us.
+
+The arrows are not sharp. They do not draw blood.
+
+When they dry the skins they take off the feet and wings. This is why
+people used to think we had neither feet nor wings.
+
+They also thought we lived on the dews of heaven and the honey of
+flowers. This is why we are called the Birds of Paradise.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Upon its waving feathers poised in air,
+     Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,
+     With streamers thrown luxuriantly out
+     In all the wantonness of winged wealth."
+
+[Illustration: RED BIRD OF PARADISE.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+Birds of Paradise are found only in New Guinea and on the neighboring
+islands. The species presented here is found only on a few islands.
+
+In former days very singular ideas prevailed concerning these birds
+and the most extravagant tales were told of the life they led in their
+native lands. The natives of New Guinea, in preparing their skins for
+exportation, had removed all traces of legs, so that it was popularly
+supposed they possessed none, and on account of their want of feet and
+their great beauty, were called the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it was
+thought, the forms they had borne in the Garden of Eden, living upon dew
+or ether, through which it was imagined they perpetually floated by the
+aid of their long cloud-like plumage.
+
+Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett says: "I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of the legs, wings, etc., devour
+it with the head always first. It rarely alights upon the ground, and so
+proud is the creature of its elegant dress that it never permits a soil
+to remain upon it, frequently spreading out its wings and feathers,
+regarding its splendid self in every direction."
+
+The sounds uttered by this bird are very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change gradually to a varied scale in
+musical gradations, like _he, hi, ho, how_! He frequently raises his
+voice, sending forth notes of such power as to be heard at a long
+distance. These notes are _whack_, _whack_, uttered in a barking tone,
+the last being a low note in conclusion.
+
+While creeping amongst the branches in search of insects, he utters a
+soft clucking note. During the entire day he flies incessantly from one
+tree to another, perching but a few moments, and concealing himself
+among the foliage at the least suspicion of danger.
+
+In Bennett's "Wanderings" is an entertaining description of Mr. Beale's
+bird at Maceo. "This elegant bird," he says, "has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems delighted at being made an object
+of admiration. It bathes twice daily, and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly over its head, the quills of
+which have a peculiar structure, enabling the bird to effect this
+object. To watch this bird make its toilet is one of the most
+interesting sights of nature; the vanity which inspires its every
+movement, the rapturous delight with which it views its enchanting
+self, its arch look when demanding the spectator's admiration, are all
+pardonable in a delicate creature so richly embellished, so neat and
+cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes, so scrupulously exact in its
+observances, and so winning in all its ways."
+
+Says a traveler in New Guinea: "As we were drawing near a small grove of
+teak-trees, our eyes were dazzled with a sight more beautiful than any I
+had yet beheld. It was that of a Bird of Paradise moving through the
+bright light of the morning sun. I now saw that the birds must be seen
+alive in their native forests, in order to fully comprehend the poetic
+beauty of the words Birds of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants of a
+fairer world than ours, things that have wandered in some way from their
+home, and found the earth to show us something of the beauty of worlds
+beyond."
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+I am a Toucan and I live in a very warm country.
+
+See my handsome black coat and my yellow vest.
+
+My toes are like a parrot's, two in front and two behind.
+
+They help me to hold to the limbs.
+
+Look at my large beak. It looks heavy but it is not, as it is filled
+with air cells. These make it very light. Do you like my blue eyes?
+
+My nest is very hard to find. If I tell you where it is, you will not
+take the eggs, will you? It is in a hollow limb of a very high tree.
+
+I am very fond of fruit, and for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very well.
+
+I can fly very fast, but I cannot get along so well on the ground. I
+keep my feet far apart and hop.
+
+I like to sit in the top of the tallest trees. Then I am not afraid.
+Nothing can reach me there but a rifle ball.
+
+I do not like the owl, he is so ugly. When we find an owl we get in a
+circle around him and snap our great beaks, and jerk our tails up and
+down and scream. He is very much afraid of us.
+
+The people where I live like our yellow breasts. They wear them on their
+heads, and also put them on the ends of their bows.
+
+We sometimes sit together in a tree and snap our beaks and shout. This
+is why we have been called "Preacher Birds."
+
+We can scream so loud that we may be heard a mile away. Our song is
+"Tucano! Tucano!"
+
+I think it is a pretty song, but the people do not like it very much.
+
+[Illustration: YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.]
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+The Toucans are a numerous race of South American birds, at once
+recognizable by the prodigious size of their beaks and by the richness
+of their plumage. "These birds are very common," says Prince Von Wied,
+"in all parts of the extensive forests of the Brazils and are killed
+for the table in large numbers during the cool seasons. Their eggs are
+deposited in the hollow limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so common
+in the tropical forests, but their nests are very difficult to find. The
+egg is said to be white. They are very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas
+and plantains, and when these fruits are ripe make sad havoc among the
+neighboring plantations. In return for these depredations the planter
+eats their flesh, which is very delicate."
+
+The flight of these birds is easy and graceful, sweeping with facility
+over the loftiest trees of their native forests, their strangely
+developed bills being no encumbrance to them, replete as they are with a
+tissue of air-filled cells rendering them very light and even buoyant.
+
+On the ground they get along with a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In ascending a tree they do not
+climb but mount from one branch to another with a series of jumps,
+ascending to the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe from every
+missile except a rifle ball. They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills, clattering them together, and
+shouting hoarsely all the while, from which custom the natives call them
+Preacher-birds. Sometimes the whole party, including the sentinel, set
+up a simultaneous yell so deafeningly loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are often discovered through their
+perpetual chattering. Their cry resembles the word "Tucano," which has
+given origin to the peculiar name.
+
+When settling itself to sleep, the Toucan packs itself up in a very
+systematic manner, supporting its huge beak by resting it on its back,
+and tucking it completely among the feathers, while it doubles its tail
+across its back just as if it moved on hinges. So completely is the
+large bill hidden among the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and bright color, so that the bird
+when sleeping looks like a great ball of loose feathers.
+
+Sir R. Owen concludes that the large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of any grinding structures in the
+intestinal tract.
+
+Says a naturalist: "We turned into a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which looked almost like a bat on the
+wing. Suddenly we heard high upon the trees a short shrieking sort of
+noise ending in a hiss, and our guide became excited and said, "Toucan!"
+The birds were very wary and made off. They are much in quest and often
+shot at. At last we caught sight of a pair, but they were at the top of
+such a high tree that they were out of range. Presently, when I had
+about lost hope, I heard loud calls, and three birds came and settled in
+a low bush in the middle of the path. I shot one and it proved to be a
+very large toucan. The bird was not quite dead when I picked it up, and
+it bit me severely with its huge bill."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+I have just been singing my morning song, and I wish you could have
+heard it. I think you would have liked it.
+
+I always sing very early in the morning. I sing because I am happy, and
+the people like to hear me.
+
+My home is near a small stream, where there are low woods and underbrush
+along its banks.
+
+There is an old dead tree there, and just before the sun is up I fly to
+this tree.
+
+I sit on one of the branches and sing for about half an hour. Then I fly
+away to get my breakfast.
+
+I am very fond of fruit. Bananas grow where I live, and I like them best
+of all.
+
+I eat insects, and sometimes I fly to the rice fields and swing on the
+stalks and eat rice.
+
+The people say I do much harm to the rice, but I do not see why it is
+wrong for me to eat it, for I think there is enough for all.
+
+I must go now and get my breakfast. If you ever come to see me I will
+sing to you.
+
+I will show you my wife, too. She looks just like me. Be sure to get up
+very early. If you do not, you will be too late for my song.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,
+     With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.
+     Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell--
+     Beautiful birds--that ye come not as well?
+     Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,
+     Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;
+     Ye build and ye brood 'neath the cottagers' eaves,
+     And ye sleep on the sod, 'mid the bonnie green leaves;
+     Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,
+     Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;
+     Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,
+     Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand."
+
+[Illustration: RED-RUMPED TANAGER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+An American family, the Tanagers are mostly birds of very brilliant
+plumage. There are 300 species, a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana, living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the rice fields.
+
+In "The Auk," of July, 1893, Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:
+
+"During my stay at Boruca and Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the majority of cases found the males
+wearing the same dress as the females. In a few instances the male was
+in mottled plumage, evidently just assuming the adult phase, and in a
+lesser number of examples the male was in fully adult plumage--velvety
+black and crimson red. From the above it is clear that the males begin
+to breed before they attain fully adult plumage, and that they retain
+the dress of the female until, at least, the beginning of the second
+year.
+
+"While on this trip I had many proofs that, in spite of its rich
+plumage, and being a bird of the tropics, it is well worthy to hold a
+place of honor among the song birds. And if the bird chooses an early
+hour and a secluded spot for expressing its happiness, the melody is
+none the less delightful. At the little village of Buenos Aires, on the
+Rio Grande of Terraba, I heard the song more frequently than at any
+other point. Close by the ranch house at which we were staying, there
+is a small stream bordered by low woods and underbrush, that formed a
+favorite resort for the birds. Just below the ranch is a convenient spot
+where we took our morning bath. I was always there just as the day was
+breaking. On the opposite bank was a small open space in the brush
+occupied by the limbs of a dead tree. On one of these branches, and
+always the same one, was the spot chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth his
+morning song. Some mornings I found him busy with his music when I
+arrived, and again he would be a few minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to and fro, much after the manner of
+a canary while singing. The song would last for perhaps half an hour,
+and then away the singer would go. I have not enough musical ability to
+describe the song, but will say that often I remained standing quietly
+for a long time, only that I might listen to the music."
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.
+
+
+We find the Golden Oriole in America only. According to Mr. Nuttall, it
+is migratory, appearing in considerable numbers in West Florida about
+the middle of March. It is a good songster, and in a state of captivity
+imitates various tunes.
+
+This beautiful bird feeds on fruits and insects, and its nest is
+constructed of blades of grass, wool, hair, fine strings, and various
+vegetable fibers, which are so curiously interwoven as to confine and
+sustain each other. The nest is usually suspended from a forked and
+slender branch, in shape like a deep basin and generally lined with fine
+feathers.
+
+"On arriving at their breeding locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through the lofty branches of the tallest
+trees, appearing and vanishing restlessly, flashing at intervals into
+sight from amidst the tender waving foliage, and seem like living gems
+intended to decorate the verdant garments of the fresh clad forest."
+
+It is said these birds are so attached to their young that the female
+has been taken and conveyed on her eggs, upon which with resolute and
+fatal instinct she remained faithfully sitting until she expired.
+
+An Indiana gentleman relates the following story:
+
+"When I was a boy living in the hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.
+
+"At about thirty feet above the ground I discovered evidences of an
+Oriole's nest. A few days later I noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise, apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a bunch of horse hair and some wool,
+and hung it on limbs near the nest. Then climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work. In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.
+
+"They appeared to have some knowledge of spinning, as they would take a
+horse hair and seemingly wrap it with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.
+
+"I visited these birds almost daily, and shortly after the nest was
+completed I noticed five little speckled eggs in it. The female was so
+attached to the nest that I often rubbed her on the back and even lifted
+her to look at the eggs."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN ORIOLE.]
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+
+                                   CHICAGO, December 10th, 1896.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY.
+
+DEAR SIRS: I am very much pleased with this movement to give such
+substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your kind
+offer also.
+
+                     Respectfully,
+                                HARRIET N. WINCHELL,
+                                        Principal Tilden School.
+
+
+                             ST. JOSEPH, MICH., January 4, 1897.
+ PRINCIPAL W. J. BLACK,
+                  Chicago.
+
+DEAR SIR: Thanks for sample copy of "Birds." It is by far the finest
+thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure in
+presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any assistance
+to you that I am able.
+
+                         Yours,
+                              GEORGE W. LOOMIS,
+                                    Superintendent City Schools.
+
+
+                                DES MOINES, IOWA, January 5, 1897.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+                Fisher Building, Chicago.
+
+I have just seen the January number of "Birds," illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.
+
+                   Very sincerely,
+                            MRS. MINNIE THERESA HATCH,
+                                    Principal Washington School.
+
+
+                             LUTHER, MICH., December 31st, 1896.
+ W. E. WATT,
+   Chicago, Ill.
+
+DEAR SIR: Your serial on Birds received and after examination I have no
+hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the kind that I
+have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in presenting it to
+my teachers and recommending it to their favorable notice.
+
+                       Very truly,
+                                  E. G. JOHNSON,
+                                        Commissioner of Schools.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12×18 inches, on card
+ 19×25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30221-8.txt or 30221-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/2/30221/
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/old/30221-8.zip b/old/30221-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ee535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-8.zip
diff --git a/old/30221-h.zip b/old/30221-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0c63c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h.zip
diff --git a/old/30221-h/30221-h.htm b/old/30221-h/30221-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93a69dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/30221-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,2287 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography Vol. One, No. 1, January 1897 by Birds (Periodical).
+    </title>
+
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+/*<![CDATA[*/
+
+    p {  margin-top: .75em;
+         text-align: justify;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    h1,h2 {
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+    h6 { font-size: 3em; margin-bottom: .5em;
+         text-align: center; /* all headings centered */
+         clear: both;
+         }
+
+    hr { width: 33%;
+	 margin-top: 2em;
+	 margin-bottom: 2em;
+         margin-left: auto;
+         margin-right: auto;
+         clear: both;
+       }
+
+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+
+    body{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+
+    .pagenum  { visibility: hidden;
+                position: absolute;
+                left: 92%;
+                font-size: smaller;
+                text-align: right;
+              } /* page numbers */
+
+    .box { width: 700px;
+           margin: 0 auto;
+           text-align: center;
+           padding: 1em;
+           border-style: none; }
+
+    .center   {text-align: center;}
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+     a        { text-decoration: none; }
+
+    .caption  {font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+    .figcenter   {margin: auto; text-align: center;}
+
+    .figleft     {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top:
+                 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;}
+
+  /*]]>*/
+
+    </style>
+  </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph [January, 1897]
+       A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30221]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="box">
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 362px;">
+<img src="images/imgcover.jpg" width="362" height="600" alt="cover" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img1a.png" width="600" height="248" alt="intro" title="" />
+</div>
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">W. E. Watt, President &amp;c.,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">Fisher Building,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em;">My dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em; line-height: 1.5em;">Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first
+publication of &ldquo;Birds.&rdquo; Please enter my name as a regular
+subscriber. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting
+publications yet attempted in this direction. It has other
+attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+way to popular favor.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em;">Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+I remain</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">Yours very respectfully,</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/img1b.png" width="400" height="132" alt="signature" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<p class="center">Vol. 1. No. 1.
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">JANUARY, 1897.</span>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>ONCE A MONTH.</strong></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 524px;">
+<img src="images/img002.jpg" width="524" height="600" alt="nonpareil" title="" />
+<span class="caption">nonpareil.</span>
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap"><strong>Nature Study Publishing Company</strong></span><br />
+<span style="font-size: smaller;">OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING</span><br />
+CHICAGO</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h6>BIRDS</h6>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY</strong></p>
+
+<h1>A MONTHLY SERIAL</h1>
+
+<p style="font-size: smaller;" class="center">DESIGNED TO PROMOTE</p>
+
+<h2>KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;With cheerful hop from perch to spray,</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">They sport along the meads;</span><br />
+ In social bliss together stray,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where love or fancy leads.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 14em;">
+ Through spring&#8217;s gay scenes each happy pair<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their fluttering joys pursue;</span><br />
+ Its various charms and produce share,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forever kind and true.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+<p class="center"><strong>CHICAGO, U. S. A.</strong><br />
+<span style="font-size: smaller;" class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company, Publishers</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: smaller;">1896</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 38px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgi.png" width="38" height="80" alt="I" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>T has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one&#8217;s friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these likenesses,
+as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance, (except
+coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful does
+photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing plates from
+which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and, what is more
+astonishing and delightful, to produce the <span class="smcap">real colors</span> of nature
+as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.</p>
+
+<p>We quote from the December number of the Ladies&#8217; Home Journal:
+&ldquo;<em>An excellent</em> suggestion was recently made by the Department of
+Agriculture at Washington that the public schools of the country shall
+have a new holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already
+adopted the suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow.
+Of course, Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor
+Day. We can plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day
+take the form of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird
+studies&mdash;any form of entertainment, in fact, which will bring
+children closer to their little brethren of the air, and in more
+intelligent sympathy with their life and ways. There is a wonderful
+story in bird life, and but few of our children know it. Few of our
+elders do, for that matter. A whole day of a year can well and profitably
+be given over to the birds. Than such study, nothing can be more
+interesting. The cultivation of an intimate acquaintanceship with our
+feathered friends is a source of genuine pleasure. We are under greater
+obligations to the birds than we dream of. Without them the world would
+be more barren than we imagine. Consequently, we have some duties which
+we owe them. What these duties are only a few of us know or have ever
+taken the trouble to find out. Our children should not be allowed to
+grow to maturity without this knowledge. The more they know of the birds
+the better men and women they will be. We can hardly encourage
+such studies too much.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.</p>
+
+<p>They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study for all
+lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are doing a
+useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.</p>
+
+<p>The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 25em;">
+NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.</p>
+
+<p>Copyrighted, 1896.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 544px;">
+<img src="images/img005.jpg" width="544" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">nonpareil.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE NONPAREIL.</h2>
+
+<p>I am called the Nonpareil because
+there is no other bird
+equal to me.</p>
+
+<p>I have many names. Some call
+me the &ldquo;Painted Finch&rdquo; or
+&ldquo;Painted Bunting.&rdquo; Others call
+me &ldquo;The Pope,&rdquo; because I wear
+a purple hood.</p>
+
+<p>I live in a cage, eat seeds, and
+am very fond of flies and spiders.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes they let me out of
+the cage and I fly about the
+room and catch flies. I like to
+catch them while they are flying.</p>
+
+<p>When I am tired I stop and
+sing. There is a vase of flowers
+in front of the mirror.</p>
+
+<p>I fly to this vase where I can
+see myself in the glass. Then
+I sing as loud as I can. They
+like to hear me sing.</p>
+
+<p>I take a bath every day and
+how I do make the water fly!</p>
+
+<p>I used to live in the woods
+where there were many birds
+like me. We built our nests in
+bushes, hedges, and low trees.
+How happy we were.</p>
+
+<p>My cage is pretty but I wish
+I could go back to my home in
+the woods.</p>
+
+<p class="center">See <a href="#Page_15">page 15</a>.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<img src="images/imgs_sml.png" width="57" height="70" alt="S" title="" />WEET warblers of the sunny hours,</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em; margin-top: -.7em;">
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forever on the wing,</span><br />
+ I love thee as I love the flowers,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sunlight and the spring.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ They come like pleasant memories<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">In summer&#8217;s joyous time,</span><br />
+ And sing their gushing melodies,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">As I would sing a rhyme.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ In the green and quiet places,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where the golden sunlight falls,</span><br />
+ We sit with smiling faces<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">To list their silver calls.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ And when their holy anthems<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come pealing through the air,</span><br />
+ Our hearts leap forth to meet them<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a blessing and a prayer.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ Amid the morning&#8217;s fragrant dew,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amid the mists of even,</span><br />
+ They warble on as if they drew<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their music down from heaven.</span></p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+ How sweetly sounds each mellow note<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beneath the moon&#8217;s pale ray,</span><br />
+ When dying zephyrs rise and float<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like lovers&#8217; sighs away!&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p>Is it cold where you live,
+little boys and girls? It is not
+where I live. Don&#8217;t you think
+my feathers grew in the bright
+sunshine?</p>
+
+<p>My home is way down where
+the big oceans almost meet.
+The sun is almost straight overhead
+every noon.</p>
+
+<p>I live in the woods, way back
+where the trees are tall and
+thick. I don&#8217;t fly around much,
+but sit on a limb of a tree way
+up high.</p>
+
+<p>Don&#8217;t you think my red breast
+looks pretty among the green
+leaves?</p>
+
+<p>When I see a fly or a berry I
+dart down after it. My long
+tail streams out behind like
+four ribbons. I wish you could
+see me. My tail never gets in
+the way.</p>
+
+<p>Wouldn&#8217;t you like to have me
+sit on your shoulder, little boy?
+You see my tail would reach
+almost to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>If you went out into the street
+with me on your shoulder, I
+would call <em>whe-oo</em>, <em>whe-oo</em>, the
+way I do in the woods.</p>
+
+<p>All the little boys and girls
+playing near would look around
+and say, &ldquo;What is that noise?&rdquo;
+Then they would see you and
+me and run up fast and say,
+&ldquo;Where did you get that bird?&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The little girls would want to
+pull out my tail feathers to put
+around their hats. You would
+not let them, would you?</p>
+
+<p>I have a mate. I think she is
+very nice. Her tail is not so
+long as mine. Would you like
+to see her too? She lays eggs
+every year, and sits on them till
+little birds hatch out. They are
+just like us, but they have to
+grow and get dressed in the
+pretty feathers like ours. They
+look like little dumplings when
+they come out of the eggs.</p>
+
+<p>But they are all right. They
+get very hungry and we carry
+them lots of things to eat, so
+they can grow fast.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Your friend,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 29em;">R. T.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 468px;">
+<img src="images/img014.jpg" width="468" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">resplendent trogon.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 91px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgr.png" width="91" height="80" alt="R" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>ESPLENDENT Trogons are
+natives of Central America.
+There are fifty kinds, and
+this is the largest. A
+systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the
+only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.</p>
+
+<p>Of all birds there are few which
+excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.</p>
+
+<p>The skin is so singularly thin that
+it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage
+has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers
+are plentifully struck from their
+sockets by its fall and the blows
+which it receives from the branches as
+it comes to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green,
+were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the
+mountains near Coban in Vera Paz,
+but it also inhabits forests in other
+parts of Guatemala at an elevation
+of from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.</p>
+
+<p>From Mr. Salvin&#8217;s account of his
+shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;My companions are ahead and
+Filipe comes back to say that they
+have heard a quesal (Resplendent
+Trogon). Of course, being anxious
+to watch as well as to shoot one of
+these birds myself, I immediately
+hurry to the spot. I have not to
+wait long. A distant clattering
+noise indicates that the bird is on
+the wing. He settles&mdash;a splendid
+male&mdash;on the bough of a tree not
+seventy yards from where we are
+hidden. It sits almost motionless on
+its perch, the body remaining in the
+same position, the head only moving
+from side to side. The tail does not
+hang quite perpendicularly, the angle
+between the true tail and the vertical
+being perhaps as much as fifteen or
+twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again,
+and now and then slightly raised,
+causing the long tail coverts to vibrate
+gracefully. I have not seen all. A
+ripe fruit catches the quesal&#8217;s eye
+and he darts from his perch, plucks
+the berry, and returns to his former
+position. This is done with a degree
+of elegance that defies description. A
+low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is
+in my hand&mdash;the first quesal I have
+seen and shot.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The above anecdote is very beautiful
+and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go
+on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the <em>ruthless</em>
+killing of the birds. He who said,
+not a sparrow &ldquo;shall fall on the
+ground without your Father,&rdquo; did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but
+to beautify the earth.</p>
+
+<p>The cries of the quesal are
+various. They consist principally of a
+low note, <em>whe-oo</em>, <em>whe-oo</em>, which the
+bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it
+into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note,
+which begins low and after swelling
+dies away as it began. Other cries are
+harsh and discordant. The flight of the
+Trogon is rapid and straight. The
+long tail feathers, which never seem
+to be in the way, stream after him.
+The bird is never found except in
+forests of the loftiest trees, the
+lower branches of which, being high
+above the ground, seem to be its
+favorite resort. Its food consists
+principally of fruit, but occasionally
+a caterpillar is found in its stomach.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE MANDARIN DUCK.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><strong>A Letter from China.</strong></p>
+
+
+<p>Quack! Quack! I got in just
+in time.</p>
+
+<p>I came as fast as I could, as I
+was afraid of being whipped.
+You see I live in a boat with
+a great many other ducks.</p>
+
+<p>My master and his family live
+in the boat too. Isn&#8217;t that a
+funny place to live in?</p>
+
+<p>We stay in all night. Waking
+up early in the morning, we cry
+Quack! Quack! until we wake
+the master.</p>
+
+<p>He gets up and opens the gate
+for us and out we tumble into
+the water. We are in such a
+hurry that we fall over each
+other. We swim about awhile
+and then we go to shore for
+breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>There are wet places near the
+shore where we find worms,
+grubs, and roots. When evening
+comes the master blows a
+whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.</p>
+
+<p>We start as soon as we hear
+it, and hurry, because the last
+duck in gets a whipping. It
+does not hurt much but we do
+not like it, so we all try to get
+home first.</p>
+
+<p>I have web feet, but I perch
+like other birds on the branches
+of the trees near the river.</p>
+
+<p>My feathers are beautiful in
+the sunlight. My wife always
+sits near me. Her dress is not
+like mine. It is brown and
+grey.</p>
+
+<p>From May to August I lose
+my bright feathers, then I put
+on a dress like my wife&#8217;s.</p>
+
+<p>My master&#8217;s family are Chinese,
+and they are very queer.
+They would not sell me for
+anything, as they would not
+like to have me leave China.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes a pair of us are
+put in a gay cage and carried to
+a wedding. After the wedding
+we are given to the bride and
+groom.</p>
+
+<p>I hear the master&#8217;s whistle
+again. He wants me to come in
+and go to bed. Quack! Quack!
+Good bye!</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img020.jpg" width="600" height="494" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">mandarin duck.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE MANDARIN DUCK.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>&nbsp;MORE magnificently clothed
+bird,&rdquo; says Wood, &ldquo;than the
+male Chinese Mandarin
+Duck, can hardly be
+found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China
+and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can
+hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to
+seeing the birds pass into the possession
+of Europeans.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Though web-footed, the birds have
+the power of perching and it is a
+curious sight to watch them on the
+branches of trees overhanging the
+pond in which they live, the male and
+female being always close together,
+the one gorgeous in purple, green,
+white, and chestnut, and the other
+soberly appareled in brown and grey.
+This handsome plumage the male
+loses during four months of the year,
+from May to August, when he
+throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans,
+and all his brilliant colors, assuming
+the sober tinted dress of his mate.
+The Summer Duck of America bears
+a close resemblance to the Mandarin
+Duck, both in plumage and manners,
+and at certain times of the year
+is hardly to be distinguished from
+that bird.</p>
+
+<p>The foreign duck has been successfully
+reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent
+bird and others under a domestic hen,
+the latter hatching the eggs three days
+in advance of the former.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The Chinese,&rdquo; says Dr. Bennett,
+&ldquo;highly esteem the Mandarin Duck,
+which exhibits, as they think, a most
+striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are
+frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage
+processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects
+of emulation.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I could more easily,&rdquo; wrote a friend
+of Dr. Bennett&#8217;s in China to whom he
+had expressed his desire for a pair of
+these birds, &ldquo;send you two live Mandarins
+than a pair of Mandarin
+Ducks.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Concerning their attachment and
+fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;Mr. Beale&#8217;s aviary at Maceo one
+day was broken open and the male
+bird stolen from the side of its mate.
+She refused to be comforted, and, retiring
+to the farthest part of the aviary,
+sat disconsolate, rarely partaking of
+food, and giving no attention to her
+soiled and rumpled plumage. In vain
+did another handsome drake endeavor
+to console her for her loss. After some
+time the stolen bird was found in the
+quarters of a miserable Chinaman, and
+at once restored to its mate. As soon
+as he recognized his abode he began to
+flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost
+quacked to screaming with ecstasy,
+both expressing their joy by crossing
+necks and quacking in concert. The
+next morning he fell upon the unfortunate
+drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out
+his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few
+days.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>According to Schrenck, this species
+appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs
+again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small
+or large flocks, which are so extremely
+shy that they rarely come within gunshot.
+Whilst on the wing these parties
+crowd closely together in front, the
+birds in the rear occupying a comparatively
+free space.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE GOLDEN PHEASANT</h2>
+
+
+<p>They call me the Golden
+Pheasant, because I have a
+golden crest. It is like a king&#8217;s
+crown. Don&#8217;t you think my
+dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?</p>
+
+<p>See the large ruff around my
+neck. I can raise and lower
+it as I please.</p>
+
+<p>I am a very large bird. I
+am fourteen inches tall and
+twenty-eight inches long. I
+can step right over your little
+robins and meadow larks and
+blue jays and not touch them.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes people get some of
+our eggs and put them under
+an old hen. By and by little
+pheasants hatch out, and the
+hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds
+them, but they do not wish to
+stay with her; they like their
+wild life. If they are not well
+fed they will fly away.</p>
+
+<p>I have a wife. Her feathers
+are beginning to grow like mine.
+In a few years she will look as I
+do. We like to have our nests
+by a fallen tree.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE well-known Chinese Pheasant,
+which we have named
+the Golden Pheasant, as well
+as its more sober-colored
+cousin, the Silver Pheasant, has its
+home in Eastern Asia.</p>
+
+<p>China is pre-eminently the land of
+Pheasants; for, besides those just mentioned,
+several other species of the
+same family are found there. Japan
+comes next to China as a pheasant
+country and there are some in India.</p>
+
+<p>In China the Golden Pheasant is a
+great favorite, not only for its splendid
+plumage and elegant form, but for the
+excellence of its flesh, which is said to
+surpass even that of the common
+pheasant. It has been introduced into
+Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.</p>
+
+<p>For purposes of the table it is not
+likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way
+of breeding it in sufficient numbers,
+and one feels a natural repugnance to
+the killing of so beautiful a bird
+for the sake of eating it. The
+magnificent colors belong only to the
+male, the female being reddish brown,
+spotted and marked with a darker hue.
+The tail of the female is short. The
+statement is made, however, that some
+hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that
+of the males.</p>
+
+<p>Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest
+and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial
+baits owe their chief beauty to the
+Golden Pheasant.</p>
+
+<p>According to Latham, it is called
+by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 13em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!</span><br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!</span><br />
+ A night hath passed since my young buds have heard<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">The music of thy rainbow-colored wings&mdash;</span><br />
+ Wings that flash spangles out where&#8217;er they quiver,<br />
+   <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like sunlight rushing o&#8217;er a river.&rdquo;</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img028.jpg" width="600" height="451" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">golden pheasant.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE NONPAREIL.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 82px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgs.png" width="82" height="80" alt="S" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>O full of fight is this little
+bird, that the bird trappers
+take advantage of
+his disposition to make
+him a prisoner. They place a decoy
+bird on a cage trap in the attitude of
+defense, and when it is discovered by
+the bird an attack at once follows,
+and the fighter soon finds himself
+caught.</p>
+
+<p>They are a great favorite for the
+cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a
+songster he more than makes up by
+his wonderful beauty. These birds
+are very easily tamed, the female, even
+in the wild state, being so gentle that
+she allows herself to be lifted from the
+nest. They are also called the <em>Painted
+Finch</em> or <em>Painted Bunting</em>. They are
+found in our Southern States and
+Mexico. They are very numerous in
+the State of Louisiana and especially
+about the City of New Orleans, where
+they are greatly admired by the French
+inhabitants, who, true to their native
+instincts, admire anything with gay
+colors. As the first name indicates,
+he has no equal, perhaps, among the
+songsters for beauty of dress. On account
+of this purple hood, he is called
+by the French <em>Le Pape</em>, meaning The
+Pope.</p>
+
+<p>The bird makes its appearance
+in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which
+lasts until July, two broods are raised.
+The nests are made of fine grass and
+rest in the crotches of twigs of the low
+bushes and hedges. The eggs have a
+dull or pearly-white ground and are
+marked with blotches and dots of
+purplish and reddish brown.</p>
+
+<p>It is very pleasing to watch the
+numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains
+his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first
+season are of a fine olive green color on
+the upper parts and a pale yellow below.
+The female undergoes no material
+change in color except becoming
+darker as she grows older. The
+male, on the contrary, is three seasons
+in obtaining his full variety of colors.
+In the second season the blue begins
+to show on his head and the red also
+makes its appearance in spots on the
+breast. The third year he attains his
+full beauty.</p>
+
+<p>Their favorite resorts are small
+thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest
+branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects
+and also eat seeds and rice.</p>
+
+<p>Thousands of these birds are trapped
+for the cage, and sold annually to our
+northern people and also in Europe.
+They are comparatively cheap, even in
+our northern bird markets, as most of
+them are exchanged for our Canaries
+and imported birds that cannot be
+sent directly to the south on account
+of climatic conditions.</p>
+
+<p>Many a northern lady, while visiting
+the orange groves of Florida, becomes
+enchanted with the Nonpareil in his
+wild state, and some shrewd and wily
+negro, hearing her expressions of
+delight, easily procures one, and disposes
+of it to her at an extravagant
+price.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I am a Parrakeet. I belong
+to the Parrot family. A man
+bought me and brought me here.</p>
+
+<p>It is not warm here, as it was
+where I came from. I almost
+froze coming over here.</p>
+
+<p>I am not kept in a cage. I
+stay in the house and go about
+as I please.</p>
+
+<p>There is a Pussy Cat in the
+house. Sometimes I ride on her
+back. I like that.</p>
+
+<p>I used to live in the grass
+lands. It was very warm there.
+I ran among the thick grass
+blades, and sat on the stems and
+ate seeds.</p>
+
+<p>I had a wife then. Her
+feathers were almost like mine.
+We never made nests. When
+we wanted a nest, we found a
+hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on
+the nest.</p>
+
+<p>I can mock other birds. Sometimes
+I warble and chirp at the
+same time. Then it sounds like
+two birds singing. My tongue
+is short and thick, and this helps
+me to talk. But I have been
+talking too much. My tongue
+is getting tired.</p>
+
+<p>I think I&#8217;ll have a ride on
+Pussy&#8217;s back. Good bye.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 79px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgp.png" width="79" height="80" alt="P" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>ARRAKEETS have a great
+fondness for the grass
+lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers,
+running amid the thick grass blades,
+clinging to their stems, or feeding on
+their seeds.</p>
+
+<p>Grass seed is their constant food
+in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed,
+and what is remarkable, never pick
+food with their feet, as do other species
+of parrots, but always use their beaks.
+&ldquo;They do not build a nest, but must
+be given a piece of wood with a rough
+hole in the middle, which they will
+fill to their liking, rejecting all soft lining
+of wool or cotton that you may
+furnish them.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Only the male sings, warbling
+nearly all day long, pushing his beak
+at times into his mate&#8217;s ear as though
+to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not
+seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.</p>
+
+<p>A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet
+from Australia to England,
+says it suffered greatly from the
+cold and change of climate and was
+kept alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten
+sailor, who kept it warm
+and comfortable in his bosom. It
+was not kept in a cage, but roamed
+at will about the room, enjoying
+greatly at times, a ride on the cat&#8217;s
+back. At meals he perched upon his
+master&#8217;s shoulder, picking the bits he
+liked from a plate set before him. If
+the weather was cold or chilly, he
+would pull himself up by his master&#8217;s
+whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always
+announced his master&#8217;s coming by a
+shrill call, and no matter what the
+hour of night, never failed to utter a
+note of welcome, although apparently
+asleep with his head tucked under
+his wing.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img037.jpg" width="600" height="514" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">australian grass parrakeet.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 451px;">
+<img src="images/img038.jpg" width="451" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">cock-of-the-rock.</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE Cock-of-the-Rock lives in
+Guiana. Its nest is found
+among the rocks. T. K.
+Salmon says: &ldquo;I once went
+to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock;
+and a darker or wilder
+place I have never been in. Following
+up a mountain stream the
+gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived
+at the mouth of a cave with high rock
+on each side, and overshadowed by
+high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark,
+and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks.
+We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a
+dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the
+face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing
+two eggs; it was built upon a projecting
+piece, the body being made
+of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss.
+It was about five feet from the water.
+I did not see the male bird, and, indeed,
+I have rarely ever seen the male and
+female birds together, though I have
+seen both sexes in separate flocks.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The eggs are described as pale buff
+with various sized spots of shades from
+red-brown to pale lilac.</p>
+
+<p>It is a solitary and wary bird,
+feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre
+ravines.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Schomburgh describes its
+dance as follows:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;While traversing the mountains
+of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which
+gave me the opportunity of being an
+eye witness of their dancing, an
+accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously
+approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little
+distance from the road. The stage, if
+we may so call it, measured from four
+to five feet in diameter; every blade of
+grass had been removed and the ground
+was as smooth as if leveled by human
+hands. On this space we saw one of
+the birds dance and jump about, while
+the others evidently played the part of
+admiring spectators. At one moment
+it expanded its wings, threw its head
+in the air, or spread out its tail like a
+peacock scratching the ground with
+its foot; all this took place with a sort
+of hopping gait, until tired, when on
+emitting a peculiar note, its place was
+immediately filled by another performer.
+In this manner the different
+birds went through their terpsichorean
+exercises, each retiring to its place
+among the spectators, who had settled
+on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males
+and two females in the flock. The
+noise of a breaking stick unfortunately
+raised an alarm, when the whole company
+of dancers immediately flew off.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;The Indians, who place great value
+on their skins, eagerly seek out their
+playing grounds, and armed with
+their blow-tubes and poisoned arrows,
+lie in wait for the dances. The hunter
+does not attempt to use his weapon
+until the company is quite engrossed
+in the performance, when the birds
+become so preoccupied with their
+amusement that four or five are often
+killed before the survivors detect the
+danger and decamp.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>My home is on an island
+where it is very warm. I fly
+among the tall trees and eat
+fruit and insects.</p>
+
+<p>See my beautiful feathers.
+The ladies like to wear them in
+their hats.</p>
+
+<p>The feathers of my wife are
+brown, but she has no long tail
+feathers.</p>
+
+<p>My wife thinks my plumes
+are very beautiful.</p>
+
+<p>When we have a party, we go
+with our wives to a tall tree.
+We spread our beautiful plumes
+while our wives sit and watch
+us.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes a man finds our
+tree and builds a hut among the
+lower branches.</p>
+
+<p>He hides in the hut and while
+we are spreading our feathers
+shoots at us.</p>
+
+<p>The arrows are not sharp.
+They do not draw blood.</p>
+
+<p>When they dry the skins they
+take off the feet and wings.
+This is why people used to think
+we had neither feet nor wings.</p>
+
+<p>They also thought we lived
+on the dews of heaven and the
+honey of flowers. This is why
+we are called the Birds of
+Paradise.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 15em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Upon its waving feathers poised in air,</span><br />
+ Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,<br />
+ With streamers thrown luxuriantly out<br />
+ In all the wantonness of winged wealth.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img044.jpg" width="600" height="433" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">red bird of paradise.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 81px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgb.png" width="81" height="80" alt="B" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>IRDS of Paradise are found
+only in New Guinea and
+on the neighboring islands.
+The species presented here
+is found only on a few islands.</p>
+
+<p>In former days very singular ideas
+prevailed concerning these birds and
+the most extravagant tales were told
+of the life they led in their native
+lands. The natives of New Guinea, in
+preparing their skins for exportation,
+had removed all traces of legs, so that it
+was popularly supposed they possessed
+none, and on account of their want of
+feet and their great beauty, were called
+the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it
+was thought, the forms they had
+borne in the Garden of Eden, living
+upon dew or ether, through which it
+was imagined they perpetually floated
+by the aid of their long cloud-like
+plumage.</p>
+
+<p>Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett
+says: &ldquo;I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect
+upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of
+the legs, wings, etc., devour it with
+the head always first. It rarely alights
+upon the ground, and so proud is the
+creature of its elegant dress that it
+never permits a soil to remain upon it,
+frequently spreading out its wings and
+feathers, regarding its splendid self in
+every direction.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The sounds uttered by this bird are
+very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change
+gradually to a varied scale in musical
+gradations, like <em>he, hi, ho, how</em>! He
+frequently raises his voice, sending
+forth notes of such power as to be
+heard at a long distance. These notes
+are <em>whack</em>, <em>whack</em>, uttered in a barking
+tone, the last being a low note in
+conclusion.</p>
+
+<p>While creeping amongst the branches
+in search of insects, he utters a soft
+clucking note. During the entire day
+he flies incessantly from one tree to
+another, perching but a few moments,
+and concealing himself among the
+foliage at the least suspicion of danger.</p>
+
+<p>In Bennett&#8217;s &ldquo;Wanderings&rdquo; is an
+entertaining description of Mr. Beale&#8217;s
+bird at Maceo. &ldquo;This elegant bird,&rdquo;
+he says, &ldquo;has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and
+impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems
+delighted at being made an object of
+admiration. It bathes twice daily,
+and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly
+over its head, the quills of which
+have a peculiar structure, enabling
+the bird to effect this object.
+To watch this bird make its
+toilet is one of the most interesting
+sights of nature; the vanity which
+inspires its every movement, the
+rapturous delight with which it views
+its enchanting self, its arch look when
+demanding the spectator&#8217;s admiration,
+are all pardonable in a delicate
+creature so richly embellished, so neat
+and cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes,
+so scrupulously exact in its observances,
+and so winning in all its ways.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>Says a traveler in New Guinea:
+&ldquo;As we were drawing near a small
+grove of teak-trees, our eyes were
+dazzled with a sight more beautiful
+than any I had yet beheld. It was
+that of a Bird of Paradise moving
+through the bright light of the morning
+sun. I now saw that the birds
+must be seen alive in their native
+forests, in order to fully comprehend
+the poetic beauty of the words Birds
+of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants
+of a fairer world than ours,
+things that have wandered in some
+way from their home, and found the
+earth to show us something of the
+beauty of worlds beyond.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I am a Toucan and I live in a
+very warm country.</p>
+
+<p>See my handsome black coat
+and my yellow vest.</p>
+
+<p>My toes are like a parrot&#8217;s,
+two in front and two behind.</p>
+
+<p>They help me to hold to the
+limbs.</p>
+
+<p>Look at my large beak. It
+looks heavy but it is not, as it is
+filled with air cells. These
+make it very light. Do you like
+my blue eyes?</p>
+
+<p>My nest is very hard to find.
+If I tell you where it is, you
+will not take the eggs, will you?
+It is in a hollow limb of a very
+high tree.</p>
+
+<p>I am very fond of fruit, and
+for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very
+well.</p>
+
+<p>I can fly very fast, but I cannot
+get along so well on the
+ground. I keep my feet far
+apart and hop.</p>
+
+<p>I like to sit in the top of the
+tallest trees. Then I am not
+afraid. Nothing can reach me
+there but a rifle ball.</p>
+
+<p>I do not like the owl, he is so
+ugly. When we find an owl we
+get in a circle around him and
+snap our great beaks, and jerk
+our tails up and down and
+scream. He is very much afraid
+of us.</p>
+
+<p>The people where I live like
+our yellow breasts. They wear
+them on their heads, and also
+put them on the ends of their
+bows.</p>
+
+<p>We sometimes sit together in
+a tree and snap our beaks and
+shout. This is why we have
+been called &ldquo;Preacher Birds.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>We can scream so loud that we
+may be heard a mile away. Our
+song is &ldquo;Tucano! Tucano!&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>I think it is a pretty song, but
+the people do not like it very
+much.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 543px;">
+<img src="images/img050.jpg" width="543" height="600" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">yellow throated toucan.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>HE Toucans are a numerous
+race of South American birds,
+at once recognizable by the
+prodigious size of their beaks
+and by the richness of their plumage.
+&ldquo;These birds are very common,&rdquo; says
+Prince Von Wied, &ldquo;in all parts of the
+extensive forests of the Brazils and
+are killed for the table in large
+numbers during the cool seasons.
+Their eggs are deposited in the hollow
+limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so
+common in the tropical forests, but
+their nests are very difficult to find.
+The egg is said to be white. They are
+very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas and
+plantains, and when these fruits are
+ripe make sad havoc among the neighboring
+plantations. In return for
+these depredations the planter eats
+their flesh, which is very delicate.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>The flight of these birds is easy and
+graceful, sweeping with facility over
+the loftiest trees of their native forests,
+their strangely developed bills being
+no encumbrance to them, replete as
+they are with a tissue of air-filled cells
+rendering them very light and even
+buoyant.</p>
+
+<p>On the ground they get along with
+a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In
+ascending a tree they do not climb
+but mount from one branch to another
+with a series of jumps, ascending to
+the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe
+from every missile except a rifle ball.
+They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills,
+clattering them together, and shouting
+hoarsely all the while, from which
+custom the natives call them Preacher-birds.
+Sometimes the whole party,
+including the sentinel, set up a
+simultaneous yell so deafeningly
+loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are
+often discovered through their perpetual
+chattering. Their cry resembles
+the word &ldquo;Tucano,&rdquo; which has given
+origin to the peculiar name.</p>
+
+<p>When settling itself to sleep, the
+Toucan packs itself up in a very systematic
+manner, supporting its huge
+beak by resting it on its back, and tucking
+it completely among the feathers,
+while it doubles its tail across its back
+just as if it moved on hinges. So completely
+is the large bill hidden among
+the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and
+bright color, so that the bird when
+sleeping looks like a great ball of loose
+feathers.</p>
+
+<p>Sir R. Owen concludes that the
+large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of
+any grinding structures in the intestinal
+tract.</p>
+
+<p>Says a naturalist: &ldquo;We turned into
+a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which
+looked almost like a bat on the wing.
+Suddenly we heard high upon the trees
+a short shrieking sort of noise ending
+in a hiss, and our guide became
+excited and said, &ldquo;Toucan!&rdquo; The
+birds were very wary and made off.
+They are much in quest and often shot
+at. At last we caught sight of a pair,
+but they were at the top of such a high
+tree that they were out of range.
+Presently, when I had about lost hope,
+I heard loud calls, and three birds came
+and settled in a low bush in the middle
+of the path. I shot one and it proved to
+be a very large toucan. The bird was
+not quite dead when I picked it up,
+and it bit me severely with its huge
+bill.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.</h2>
+
+
+<p>I have just been singing my
+morning song, and I wish you
+could have heard it. I think
+you would have liked it.</p>
+
+<p>I always sing very early in
+the morning. I sing because I
+am happy, and the people like
+to hear me.</p>
+
+<p>My home is near a small
+stream, where there are low
+woods and underbrush along
+its banks.</p>
+
+<p>There is an old dead tree
+there, and just before the sun is
+up I fly to this tree.</p>
+
+<p>I sit on one of the branches
+and sing for about half an hour.
+Then I fly away to get my
+breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>I am very fond of fruit.
+Bananas grow where I live, and
+I like them best of all.</p>
+
+<p>I eat insects, and sometimes I
+fly to the rice fields and swing
+on the stalks and eat rice.</p>
+
+<p>The people say I do much
+harm to the rice, but I do not
+see why it is wrong for me to
+eat it, for I think there is enough
+for all.</p>
+
+<p>I must go now and get my
+breakfast. If you ever come
+to see me I will sing to you.</p>
+
+<p>I will show you my wife, too.
+She looks just like me. Be sure
+to get up very early. If you do
+not, you will be too late for my
+song.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 15%;' />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 12em;">
+<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">&ldquo;Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,</span><br />
+ With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.<br />
+ Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell&mdash;<br />
+ Beautiful birds&mdash;that ye come not as well?<br />
+ Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,<br />
+ Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;<br />
+ Ye build and ye brood &lsquo;neath the cottagers&rsquo; eaves,<br />
+ And ye sleep on the sod, &#8217;mid the bonnie green leaves;<br />
+ Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,<br />
+ Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;<br />
+ Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,<br />
+ Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/img056.jpg" width="500" height="485" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">red-rumped tanager.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px; margin-top: -.1em; margin-bottom: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>N American family, the Tanagers
+are mostly birds of
+very brilliant plumage.
+There are 300 species,
+a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana,
+living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on
+bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the
+rice fields.</p>
+
+<p>In &ldquo;The Auk,&rdquo; of July, 1893, Mr.
+George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;During my stay at Boruca and
+Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and
+I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every
+instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the
+majority of cases found the males wearing
+the same dress as the females.
+In a few instances the male was in
+mottled plumage, evidently just assuming
+the adult phase, and in a lesser
+number of examples the male was in
+fully adult plumage&mdash;velvety black
+and crimson red. From the above it
+is clear that the males begin to breed
+before they attain fully adult plumage,
+and that they retain the dress of the
+female until, at least, the beginning
+of the second year.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;While on this trip I had many
+proofs that, in spite of its rich plumage,
+and being a bird of the tropics,
+it is well worthy to hold a place of
+honor among the song birds. And
+if the bird chooses an early hour
+and a secluded spot for expressing its
+happiness, the melody is none the less
+delightful. At the little village of
+Buenos Aires, on the Rio Grande of
+Terraba, I heard the song more frequently
+than at any other point.
+Close by the ranch house at which we
+were staying, there is a small stream
+bordered by low woods and underbrush,
+that formed a favorite resort for
+the birds. Just below the ranch is a
+convenient spot where we took our
+morning bath. I was always there
+just as the day was breaking. On the
+opposite bank was a small open space
+in the brush occupied by the limbs of
+a dead tree. On one of these branches,
+and always the same one, was the spot
+chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth
+his morning song. Some mornings I
+found him busy with his music when
+I arrived, and again he would be a few
+minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes
+from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then
+lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to
+and fro, much after the manner of a
+canary while singing. The song would
+last for perhaps half an hour, and then
+away the singer would go. I have not
+enough musical ability to describe the
+song, but will say that often I remained
+standing quietly for a long time, only
+that I might listen to the music.&rdquo;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 116px; margin-top: -.1em;">
+<img src="images/imgw.png" width="116" height="80" alt="W" title="" />
+</div>
+<p>E find the Golden Oriole
+in America only. According
+to Mr. Nuttall, it is
+migratory, appearing in
+considerable numbers in West Florida
+about the middle of March. It is a
+good songster, and in a state of
+captivity imitates various tunes.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful bird feeds on fruits
+and insects, and its nest is constructed
+of blades of grass, wool, hair,
+fine strings, and various vegetable
+fibers, which are so curiously interwoven
+as to confine and sustain each
+other. The nest is usually suspended
+from a forked and slender branch, in
+shape like a deep basin and generally
+lined with fine feathers.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;On arriving at their breeding
+locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through
+the lofty branches of the tallest trees,
+appearing and vanishing restlessly,
+flashing at intervals into sight from
+amidst the tender waving foliage,
+and seem like living gems intended to
+decorate the verdant garments of the
+fresh clad forest.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<p>It is said these birds are so attached
+to their young that the female has
+been taken and conveyed on her eggs,
+upon which with resolute and fatal
+instinct she remained faithfully sitting
+until she expired.</p>
+
+<p>An Indiana gentleman relates the
+following story:</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;When I was a boy living in the
+hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of
+a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall
+sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;At about thirty feet above the
+ground I discovered evidences of
+an Oriole&#8217;s nest. A few days later I
+noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using
+horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create
+consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise,
+apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a
+bunch of horse hair and some wool, and
+hung it on limbs near the nest. Then
+climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work.
+In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with
+evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;They appeared to have some
+knowledge of spinning, as they would
+take a horse hair and seemingly wrap it
+with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.</p>
+
+<p>&ldquo;I visited these birds almost daily,
+and shortly after the nest was completed
+I noticed five little speckled
+eggs in it. The female was so attached
+to the nest that I often rubbed her
+on the back and even lifted her to
+look at the eggs.&rdquo;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/img063.jpg" width="600" height="491" alt="image" title="" />
+<span class="caption">golden oriole.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>TESTIMONIALS.</h2>
+
+
+<p style="margin-left: 29em;">
+<span class="smcap">Chicago</span>, December 10th, 1896.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sirs:</span> I am very much pleased with this movement to give
+such substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your
+kind offer also.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Respectfully,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">Harriet N. Winchell,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Principal Tilden School.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 29em;">
+<span class="smcap">St. Joseph, Mich.</span>, January 4, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Principal W. J. Black</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Chicago.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir:</span> Thanks for sample copy of &ldquo;Birds.&rdquo; It is by far the
+finest thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure
+in presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any
+assistance to you that I am able.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Yours,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;" class="smcap">George W. Loomis</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Superintendent City Schools.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 28em;">
+<span class="smcap">Des Moines, Iowa</span>, January 5, 1897.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fisher Building, Chicago.</span></p>
+
+<p>I have just seen the January number of &ldquo;Birds,&rdquo; illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Very sincerely,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="smcap">Mrs. Minnie Theresa Hatch</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Principal Washington School.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p style="margin-left: 28em;">
+<span class="smcap">Luther, Mich</span>., December 31st, 1896.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">W. E. Watt</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir:</span> Your serial on Birds received and after examination
+I have no hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the
+kind that I have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in
+presenting it to my teachers and recommending it to their favorable
+notice.</p>
+
+<p style="margin-left: 18em;">
+Very truly,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">E. G. Johnson</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Commissioner of Schools.</span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 392px;">
+<img src="images/imgpremium.png" width="392" height="600" alt="Our Premium" title="" />
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30221-h.htm or 30221-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/2/30221/
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img002.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img002.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3d016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img002.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img005.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img005.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bffc583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img005.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img014.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img014.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef35ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img014.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img020.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img020.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f752e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img020.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img028.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img028.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b94c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img028.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img037.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img037.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36ef7aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img037.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img038.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img038.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47f36da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img038.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img044.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img044.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b78fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img044.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img050.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img050.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b00097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img050.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img056.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img056.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a03f38d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img056.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img063.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/img063.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87f89c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img063.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img1a.png b/old/30221-h/images/img1a.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65de4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img1a.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/img1b.png b/old/30221-h/images/img1b.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c595e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/img1b.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imga1.png b/old/30221-h/images/imga1.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f9e6c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imga1.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgb.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgb.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..506ac2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgb.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgcover.jpg b/old/30221-h/images/imgcover.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcf166c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgcover.jpg
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgi.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgi.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ccbf01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgi.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgp.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgp.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f71dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgp.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgpremium.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgpremium.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98962d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgpremium.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgr.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgr.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3757e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgr.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgs.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgs.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd45e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgs.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgs_sml.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgs_sml.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad0301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgs_sml.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgt.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgt.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14e0211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgt.png
diff --git a/old/30221-h/images/imgw.png b/old/30221-h/images/imgw.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c0370
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221-h/images/imgw.png
diff --git a/old/30221.txt b/old/30221.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec9b833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph [January, 1897]
+       A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30221]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ Vol. 1. No. 1.    JANUARY, 1897.    PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR.
+ ONCE A MONTH.
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY
+ COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ [Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+ OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+ CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+ BIRDS
+
+ ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+ A MONTHLY SERIAL
+ DESIGNED TO PROMOTE
+ KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE
+
+
+    "With cheerful hop from perch to spray,
+       They sport along the meads;
+     In social bliss together stray,
+       Where love or fancy leads.
+
+     Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair
+       Their fluttering joys pursue;
+     Its various charms and produce share,
+       Forever kind and true."
+
+
+ CHICAGO, U. S. A.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
+ 1896
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses
+of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these
+likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance,
+(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful
+does photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing
+plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and,
+what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the REAL COLORS of
+nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied.
+
+We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: "_An
+excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of Agriculture
+at Washington that the public schools of the country shall have a new
+holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already adopted the
+suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow. Of course,
+Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor Day. We can
+plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day take the form
+of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird studies--any form of
+entertainment, in fact, which will bring children closer to their little
+brethren of the air, and in more intelligent sympathy with their life
+and ways. There is a wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our
+children know it. Few of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of
+a year can well and profitably be given over to the birds. Than such
+study, nothing can be more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate
+acquaintanceship with our feathered friends is a source of genuine
+pleasure. We are under greater obligations to the birds than we dream
+of. Without them the world would be more barren than we imagine.
+Consequently, we have some duties which we owe them. What these duties
+are only a few of us know or have ever taken the trouble to find out.
+Our children should not be allowed to grow to maturity without this
+knowledge. The more they know of the birds the better men and women
+they will be. We can hardly encourage such studies too much."
+
+Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most
+graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems
+of freedom.
+
+They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits,
+so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study
+for all lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are
+doing a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by
+progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children
+in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds.
+
+The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an
+idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other
+information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their
+study and acquaintance.
+
+                                    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ Copyrighted, 1896.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: NONPAREIL.]
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+I am called the Nonpareil because there is no other bird equal to me.
+
+I have many names. Some call me the "Painted Finch" or "Painted
+Bunting." Others call me "The Pope," because I wear a purple hood.
+
+I live in a cage, eat seeds, and am very fond of flies and spiders.
+
+Sometimes they let me out of the cage and I fly about the room and catch
+flies. I like to catch them while they are flying.
+
+When I am tired I stop and sing. There is a vase of flowers in front of
+the mirror.
+
+I fly to this vase where I can see myself in the glass. Then I sing as
+loud as I can. They like to hear me sing.
+
+I take a bath every day and how I do make the water fly!
+
+I used to live in the woods where there were many birds like me. We
+built our nests in bushes, hedges, and low trees. How happy we were.
+
+My cage is pretty but I wish I could go back to my home in the woods.
+
+See page 15.
+
+    "Sweet warblers of the sunny hours,
+       Forever on the wing,
+     I love thee as I love the flowers,
+       The sunlight and the spring.
+
+     They come like pleasant memories
+       In summer's joyous time,
+     And sing their gushing melodies,
+       As I would sing a rhyme.
+
+     In the green and quiet places,
+       Where the golden sunlight falls,
+     We sit with smiling faces
+       To list their silver calls.
+
+     And when their holy anthems
+       Come pealing through the air,
+     Our hearts leap forth to meet them
+       With a blessing and a prayer.
+
+     Amid the morning's fragrant dew,
+       Amid the mists of even,
+     They warble on as if they drew
+       Their music down from heaven.
+
+     How sweetly sounds each mellow note
+       Beneath the moon's pale ray,
+     When dying zephyrs rise and float
+       Like lovers' sighs away!"
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States.
+
+
+Is it cold where you live, little boys and girls? It is not where I
+live. Don't you think my feathers grew in the bright sunshine?
+
+My home is way down where the big oceans almost meet. The sun is almost
+straight overhead every noon.
+
+I live in the woods, way back where the trees are tall and thick. I
+don't fly around much, but sit on a limb of a tree way up high.
+
+Don't you think my red breast looks pretty among the green leaves?
+
+When I see a fly or a berry I dart down after it. My long tail streams
+out behind like four ribbons. I wish you could see me. My tail never
+gets in the way.
+
+Wouldn't you like to have me sit on your shoulder, little boy? You see
+my tail would reach almost to the ground.
+
+If you went out into the street with me on your shoulder, I would call
+_whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, the way I do in the woods.
+
+All the little boys and girls playing near would look around and say,
+"What is that noise?" Then they would see you and me and run up fast and
+say, "Where did you get that bird?"
+
+The little girls would want to pull out my tail feathers to put around
+their hats. You would not let them, would you?
+
+I have a mate. I think she is very nice. Her tail is not so long as
+mine. Would you like to see her too? She lays eggs every year, and sits
+on them till little birds hatch out. They are just like us, but they
+have to grow and get dressed in the pretty feathers like ours. They look
+like little dumplings when they come out of the eggs.
+
+But they are all right. They get very hungry and we carry them lots of
+things to eat, so they can grow fast.
+
+    Your friend,
+                 R. T.
+
+[Illustration: RESPLENDENT TROGON.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RESPLENDENT TROGON.
+
+
+Resplendent Trogons are natives of Central America. There are fifty
+kinds, and this is the largest. A systematic account of the superb tribe
+has been given by Mr. Gould, the only naturalist who has made himself
+fully acquainted with them.
+
+Of all birds there are few which excite so much admiration as the
+Resplendent Trogon.
+
+The skin is so singularly thin that it has been not inaptly compared to
+wet blotting paper, and the plumage has so light a hold upon the skin
+that when the bird is shot the feathers are plentifully struck from
+their sockets by its fall and the blows which it receives from the
+branches as it comes to the ground.
+
+Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green, were first procured by Mr. Robert
+Owen. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it
+also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of
+from 6,000 to 9,000 feet.
+
+From Mr. Salvin's account of his shooting in Vera Paz we extract the
+following hunting story:
+
+"My companions are ahead and Filipe comes back to say that they have
+heard a quesal (Resplendent Trogon). Of course, being anxious to watch
+as well as to shoot one of these birds myself, I immediately hurry to
+the spot. I have not to wait long. A distant clattering noise indicates
+that the bird is on the wing. He settles--a splendid male--on the bough
+of a tree not seventy yards from where we are hidden. It sits almost
+motionless on its perch, the body remaining in the same position, the
+head only moving from side to side. The tail does not hang quite
+perpendicularly, the angle between the true tail and the vertical being
+perhaps as much as fifteen or twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally
+jerked open and closed again, and now and then slightly raised, causing
+the long tail coverts to vibrate gracefully. I have not seen all. A ripe
+fruit catches the quesal's eye and he darts from his perch, plucks the
+berry, and returns to his former position. This is done with a degree of
+elegance that defies description. A low whistle from Capriano calls the
+bird near, and a moment afterward it is in my hand--the first quesal I
+have seen and shot."
+
+The above anecdote is very beautiful and graphic, but we read the last
+sentence with pain. We wish to go on record with this our first number
+as being unreconciled to the _ruthless_ killing of the birds. He who
+said, not a sparrow "shall fall on the ground without your Father," did
+not intend such birds to be killed, but to beautify the earth.
+
+The cries of the quesal are various. They consist principally of a low
+note, _whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at
+first, then gradually swelling it into a loud and not unmelodious cry.
+This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low and after
+swelling dies away as it began. Other cries are harsh and discordant.
+The flight of the Trogon is rapid and straight. The long tail feathers,
+which never seem to be in the way, stream after him. The bird is never
+found except in forests of the loftiest trees, the lower branches of
+which, being high above the ground, seem to be its favorite resort. Its
+food consists principally of fruit, but occasionally a caterpillar is
+found in its stomach.
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+A Letter from China.
+
+
+Quack! Quack! I got in just in time.
+
+I came as fast as I could, as I was afraid of being whipped. You see I
+live in a boat with a great many other ducks.
+
+My master and his family live in the boat too. Isn't that a funny place
+to live in?
+
+We stay in all night. Waking up early in the morning, we cry Quack!
+Quack! until we wake the master.
+
+He gets up and opens the gate for us and out we tumble into the water.
+We are in such a hurry that we fall over each other. We swim about
+awhile and then we go to shore for breakfast.
+
+There are wet places near the shore where we find worms, grubs, and
+roots. When evening comes the master blows a whistle. Then we know it is
+time to come home.
+
+We start as soon as we hear it, and hurry, because the last duck in gets
+a whipping. It does not hurt much but we do not like it, so we all try
+to get home first.
+
+I have web feet, but I perch like other birds on the branches of the
+trees near the river.
+
+My feathers are beautiful in the sunlight. My wife always sits near me.
+Her dress is not like mine. It is brown and grey.
+
+From May to August I lose my bright feathers, then I put on a dress like
+my wife's.
+
+My master's family are Chinese, and they are very queer. They would not
+sell me for anything, as they would not like to have me leave China.
+
+Sometimes a pair of us are put in a gay cage and carried to a wedding.
+After the wedding we are given to the bride and groom.
+
+I hear the master's whistle again. He wants me to come in and go to bed.
+Quack! Quack! Good bye!
+
+[Illustration: MANDARIN DUCK.]
+
+
+
+
+THE MANDARIN DUCK.
+
+
+"A more magnificently clothed bird," says Wood, "than the male Chinese
+Mandarin Duck, can hardly be found, when in health and full nuptial
+plumage. They are natives of China and Japan, and are held in such high
+esteem by the Chinese that they can hardly be obtained at any price, the
+natives having a singular dislike to seeing the birds pass into the
+possession of Europeans."
+
+Though web-footed, the birds have the power of perching and it is
+a curious sight to watch them on the branches of trees overhanging
+the pond in which they live, the male and female being always close
+together, the one gorgeous in purple, green, white, and chestnut, and
+the other soberly appareled in brown and grey. This handsome plumage
+the male loses during four months of the year, from May to August, when
+he throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans, and all his brilliant
+colors, assuming the sober tinted dress of his mate. The Summer Duck of
+America bears a close resemblance to the Mandarin Duck, both in plumage
+and manners, and at certain times of the year is hardly to be
+distinguished from that bird.
+
+The foreign duck has been successfully reared in Zoological Gardens,
+some being hatched under the parent bird and others under a domestic
+hen, the latter hatching the eggs three days in advance of the former.
+
+"The Chinese," says Dr. Bennett, "highly esteem the Mandarin Duck, which
+exhibits, as they think, a most striking example of conjugal attachment
+and fidelity. A pair of them are frequently placed in a gaily decorated
+cage and carried in their marriage processions, to be presented to the
+bride and groom as worthy objects of emulation."
+
+"I could more easily," wrote a friend of Dr. Bennett's in China to whom
+he had expressed his desire for a pair of these birds, "send you two
+live Mandarins than a pair of Mandarin Ducks."
+
+Concerning their attachment and fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett
+recites the following:
+
+"Mr. Beale's aviary at Maceo one day was broken open and the male bird
+stolen from the side of its mate. She refused to be comforted, and,
+retiring to the farthest part of the aviary, sat disconsolate, rarely
+partaking of food, and giving no attention to her soiled and rumpled
+plumage. In vain did another handsome drake endeavor to console her for
+her loss. After some time the stolen bird was found in the quarters of
+a miserable Chinaman, and at once restored to its mate. As soon as he
+recognized his abode he began to flap his wings and quack vehemently.
+She heard his voice and almost quacked to screaming with ecstasy, both
+expressing their joy by crossing necks and quacking in concert. The next
+morning he fell upon the unfortunate drake who had made consolatory
+advances to his mate, pecked out his eyes and so injured him that the
+poor fellow died in the course of a few days."
+
+According to Schrenck, this species appears in the countries watered by
+the Amoor about May, and departs again at the end of August; at this
+season it is always met with in small or large flocks, which are so
+extremely shy that they rarely come within gunshot. Whilst on the wing
+these parties crowd closely together in front, the birds in the rear
+occupying a comparatively free space.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN PHEASANT
+
+
+They call me the Golden Pheasant, because I have a golden crest. It is
+like a king's crown. Don't you think my dress is beautiful enough for a
+king?
+
+See the large ruff around my neck. I can raise and lower it as I please.
+
+I am a very large bird. I am fourteen inches tall and twenty-eight
+inches long. I can step right over your little robins and meadow larks
+and blue jays and not touch them.
+
+Sometimes people get some of our eggs and put them under an old hen. By
+and by little pheasants hatch out, and the hen is very good to them. She
+watches over them and feeds them, but they do not wish to stay with her;
+they like their wild life. If they are not well fed they will fly away.
+
+I have a wife. Her feathers are beginning to grow like mine. In a few
+years she will look as I do. We like to have our nests by a fallen
+tree.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+The well-known Chinese Pheasant, which we have named the Golden
+Pheasant, as well as its more sober-colored cousin, the Silver Pheasant,
+has its home in Eastern Asia.
+
+China is pre-eminently the land of Pheasants; for, besides those just
+mentioned, several other species of the same family are found there.
+Japan comes next to China as a pheasant country and there are some in
+India.
+
+In China the Golden Pheasant is a great favorite, not only for its
+splendid plumage and elegant form, but for the excellence of its flesh,
+which is said to surpass even that of the common pheasant. It has been
+introduced into Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary.
+
+For purposes of the table it is not likely to come into general use, as
+there are great difficulties in the way of breeding it in sufficient
+numbers, and one feels a natural repugnance to the killing of so
+beautiful a bird for the sake of eating it. The magnificent colors
+belong only to the male, the female being reddish brown, spotted and
+marked with a darker hue. The tail of the female is short. The statement
+is made, however, that some hens kept for six years by Lady Essex
+gradually assumed an attire like that of the males.
+
+Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest and feathers on the back of the neck
+of the male, as many of the artificial baits owe their chief beauty to
+the Golden Pheasant.
+
+According to Latham, it is called by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a
+word which means gold flower fowl.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird!
+       Lover of summer flowers and sunny things!
+     A night hath passed since my young buds have heard
+       The music of thy rainbow-colored wings--
+     Wings that flash spangles out where'er they quiver,
+       Like sunlight rushing o'er a river."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN PHEASANT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE NONPAREIL.
+
+
+So full of fight is this little bird, that the bird trappers take
+advantage of his disposition to make him a prisoner. They place a
+decoy bird on a cage trap in the attitude of defense, and when it is
+discovered by the bird an attack at once follows, and the fighter soon
+finds himself caught.
+
+They are a great favorite for the cage, being preferred by many to the
+Canary. Whatever he may lack as a songster he more than makes up by his
+wonderful beauty. These birds are very easily tamed, the female, even in
+the wild state, being so gentle that she allows herself to be lifted
+from the nest. They are also called the _Painted Finch_ or _Painted
+Bunting_. They are found in our Southern States and Mexico. They are
+very numerous in the State of Louisiana and especially about the City of
+New Orleans, where they are greatly admired by the French inhabitants,
+who, true to their native instincts, admire anything with gay colors. As
+the first name indicates, he has no equal, perhaps, among the songsters
+for beauty of dress. On account of this purple hood, he is called by the
+French _Le Pape_, meaning The Pope.
+
+The bird makes its appearance in the Southern States the last of April
+and, during the breeding season, which lasts until July, two broods are
+raised. The nests are made of fine grass and rest in the crotches of
+twigs of the low bushes and hedges. The eggs have a dull or pearly-white
+ground and are marked with blotches and dots of purplish and reddish
+brown.
+
+It is very pleasing to watch the numerous changes which the feathers
+undergo before the male bird attains his full beauty of color. The young
+birds of both sexes during the first season are of a fine olive green
+color on the upper parts and a pale yellow below. The female undergoes
+no material change in color except becoming darker as she grows older.
+The male, on the contrary, is three seasons in obtaining his full
+variety of colors. In the second season the blue begins to show on his
+head and the red also makes its appearance in spots on the breast. The
+third year he attains his full beauty.
+
+Their favorite resorts are small thickets of low trees and bushes, and
+when singing they select the highest branches of the bush. They are
+passionately fond of flies and insects and also eat seeds and rice.
+
+Thousands of these birds are trapped for the cage, and sold annually to
+our northern people and also in Europe. They are comparatively cheap,
+even in our northern bird markets, as most of them are exchanged for our
+Canaries and imported birds that cannot be sent directly to the south on
+account of climatic conditions.
+
+Many a northern lady, while visiting the orange groves of Florida,
+becomes enchanted with the Nonpareil in his wild state, and some shrewd
+and wily negro, hearing her expressions of delight, easily procures one,
+and disposes of it to her at an extravagant price.
+
+
+
+
+THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.
+
+
+I am a Parrakeet. I belong to the Parrot family. A man bought me and
+brought me here.
+
+It is not warm here, as it was where I came from. I almost froze coming
+over here.
+
+I am not kept in a cage. I stay in the house and go about as I please.
+
+There is a Pussy Cat in the house. Sometimes I ride on her back. I like
+that.
+
+I used to live in the grass lands. It was very warm there. I ran among
+the thick grass blades, and sat on the stems and ate seeds.
+
+I had a wife then. Her feathers were almost like mine. We never made
+nests. When we wanted a nest, we found a hole in a gum tree. I used to
+sing to my wife while she sat on the nest.
+
+I can mock other birds. Sometimes I warble and chirp at the same time.
+Then it sounds like two birds singing. My tongue is short and thick, and
+this helps me to talk. But I have been talking too much. My tongue is
+getting tired.
+
+I think I'll have a ride on Pussy's back. Good bye.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+Parrakeets have a great fondness for the grass lands, where they may be
+seen in great numbers, running amid the thick grass blades, clinging to
+their stems, or feeding on their seeds.
+
+Grass seed is their constant food in their native country. In captivity
+they take well to canary seed, and what is remarkable, never pick food
+with their feet, as do other species of parrots, but always use their
+beaks. "They do not build a nest, but must be given a piece of wood
+with a rough hole in the middle, which they will fill to their liking,
+rejecting all soft lining of wool or cotton that you may furnish them."
+
+Only the male sings, warbling nearly all day long, pushing his beak at
+times into his mate's ear as though to give her the full benefit of his
+song. The lady, however, does not seem to appreciate his efforts, but
+generally pecks him sharply in return.
+
+A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet from Australia to England, says
+it suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate and was kept
+alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten sailor, who kept it warm and
+comfortable in his bosom. It was not kept in a cage, but roamed at will
+about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on the cat's back. At
+meals he perched upon his master's shoulder, picking the bits he liked
+from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would
+pull himself up by his master's whiskers and warm his feet by standing
+on his bald head. He always announced his master's coming by a shrill
+call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note
+of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his
+wing.
+
+[Illustration: AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.]
+
+THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.
+
+
+The Cock-of-the-Rock lives in Guiana. Its nest is found among the
+rocks. T. K. Salmon says: "I once went to see the breeding place of the
+Cock-of-the-Rock; and a darker or wilder place I have never been in.
+Following up a mountain stream the gorge became gradually more enclosed
+and more rocky, till I arrived at the mouth of a cave with high rock on
+each side, and overshadowed by high trees, into which the sun never
+penetrated. All was wet and dark, and the only sound heard was the
+rushing of the water over the rocks. We had hardly become accustomed to
+the gloom when a nest was found, a dark bird stealing away from what
+seemed to be a lump of mud upon the face of the rock. This was a nest
+of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing two eggs; it was built upon a
+projecting piece, the body being made of mud or clay, then a few sticks,
+and on the top lined with green moss. It was about five feet from the
+water. I did not see the male bird, and, indeed, I have rarely ever seen
+the male and female birds together, though I have seen both sexes in
+separate flocks."
+
+The eggs are described as pale buff with various sized spots of shades
+from red-brown to pale lilac.
+
+It is a solitary and wary bird, feeding before sunrise and after sunset
+and hiding through the day in sombre ravines.
+
+Robert Schomburgh describes its dance as follows:
+
+"While traversing the mountains of Western Guiana we fell in with a
+pack of these splendid birds, which gave me the opportunity of being
+an eye witness of their dancing, an accomplishment which I had hitherto
+regarded as a fable. We cautiously approached their ballet ground and
+place of meeting, which lay some little distance from the road. The
+stage, if we may so call it, measured from four to five feet in
+diameter; every blade of grass had been removed and the ground was as
+smooth as if leveled by human hands. On this space we saw one of the
+birds dance and jump about, while the others evidently played the part
+of admiring spectators. At one moment it expanded its wings, threw its
+head in the air, or spread out its tail like a peacock scratching the
+ground with its foot; all this took place with a sort of hopping gait,
+until tired, when on emitting a peculiar note, its place was immediately
+filled by another performer. In this manner the different birds went
+through their terpsichorean exercises, each retiring to its place among
+the spectators, who had settled on the low bushes near the theatre of
+operations. We counted ten males and two females in the flock. The noise
+of a breaking stick unfortunately raised an alarm, when the whole
+company of dancers immediately flew off."
+
+"The Indians, who place great value on their skins, eagerly seek out
+their playing grounds, and armed with their blow-tubes and poisoned
+arrows, lie in wait for the dances. The hunter does not attempt to use
+his weapon until the company is quite engrossed in the performance, when
+the birds become so preoccupied with their amusement that four or five
+are often killed before the survivors detect the danger and decamp."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+My home is on an island where it is very warm. I fly among the tall
+trees and eat fruit and insects.
+
+See my beautiful feathers. The ladies like to wear them in their hats.
+
+The feathers of my wife are brown, but she has no long tail feathers.
+
+My wife thinks my plumes are very beautiful.
+
+When we have a party, we go with our wives to a tall tree. We spread our
+beautiful plumes while our wives sit and watch us.
+
+Sometimes a man finds our tree and builds a hut among the lower
+branches.
+
+He hides in the hut and while we are spreading our feathers shoots at
+us.
+
+The arrows are not sharp. They do not draw blood.
+
+When they dry the skins they take off the feet and wings. This is why
+people used to think we had neither feet nor wings.
+
+They also thought we lived on the dews of heaven and the honey of
+flowers. This is why we are called the Birds of Paradise.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Upon its waving feathers poised in air,
+     Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down,
+     With streamers thrown luxuriantly out
+     In all the wantonness of winged wealth."
+
+[Illustration: RED BIRD OF PARADISE.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE.
+
+
+Birds of Paradise are found only in New Guinea and on the neighboring
+islands. The species presented here is found only on a few islands.
+
+In former days very singular ideas prevailed concerning these birds
+and the most extravagant tales were told of the life they led in their
+native lands. The natives of New Guinea, in preparing their skins for
+exportation, had removed all traces of legs, so that it was popularly
+supposed they possessed none, and on account of their want of feet and
+their great beauty, were called the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it was
+thought, the forms they had borne in the Garden of Eden, living upon dew
+or ether, through which it was imagined they perpetually floated by the
+aid of their long cloud-like plumage.
+
+Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett says: "I observed the bird, before
+eating a grasshopper, place the insect upon the perch, keep it firmly
+fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of the legs, wings, etc., devour
+it with the head always first. It rarely alights upon the ground, and so
+proud is the creature of its elegant dress that it never permits a soil
+to remain upon it, frequently spreading out its wings and feathers,
+regarding its splendid self in every direction."
+
+The sounds uttered by this bird are very peculiar, resembling somewhat
+the cawing of the Raven, but change gradually to a varied scale in
+musical gradations, like _he, hi, ho, how_! He frequently raises his
+voice, sending forth notes of such power as to be heard at a long
+distance. These notes are _whack_, _whack_, uttered in a barking tone,
+the last being a low note in conclusion.
+
+While creeping amongst the branches in search of insects, he utters a
+soft clucking note. During the entire day he flies incessantly from one
+tree to another, perching but a few moments, and concealing himself
+among the foliage at the least suspicion of danger.
+
+In Bennett's "Wanderings" is an entertaining description of Mr. Beale's
+bird at Maceo. "This elegant bird," he says, "has a light, playful, and
+graceful manner, with an arch and impudent look, dances about when a
+visitor approaches the cage, and seems delighted at being made an object
+of admiration. It bathes twice daily, and after performing its ablutions
+throws its delicate feathers up nearly over its head, the quills of
+which have a peculiar structure, enabling the bird to effect this
+object. To watch this bird make its toilet is one of the most
+interesting sights of nature; the vanity which inspires its every
+movement, the rapturous delight with which it views its enchanting
+self, its arch look when demanding the spectator's admiration, are all
+pardonable in a delicate creature so richly embellished, so neat and
+cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes, so scrupulously exact in its
+observances, and so winning in all its ways."
+
+Says a traveler in New Guinea: "As we were drawing near a small grove of
+teak-trees, our eyes were dazzled with a sight more beautiful than any I
+had yet beheld. It was that of a Bird of Paradise moving through the
+bright light of the morning sun. I now saw that the birds must be seen
+alive in their native forests, in order to fully comprehend the poetic
+beauty of the words Birds of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants of a
+fairer world than ours, things that have wandered in some way from their
+home, and found the earth to show us something of the beauty of worlds
+beyond."
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+I am a Toucan and I live in a very warm country.
+
+See my handsome black coat and my yellow vest.
+
+My toes are like a parrot's, two in front and two behind.
+
+They help me to hold to the limbs.
+
+Look at my large beak. It looks heavy but it is not, as it is filled
+with air cells. These make it very light. Do you like my blue eyes?
+
+My nest is very hard to find. If I tell you where it is, you will not
+take the eggs, will you? It is in a hollow limb of a very high tree.
+
+I am very fond of fruit, and for this reason the people on the
+plantations do not like me very well.
+
+I can fly very fast, but I cannot get along so well on the ground. I
+keep my feet far apart and hop.
+
+I like to sit in the top of the tallest trees. Then I am not afraid.
+Nothing can reach me there but a rifle ball.
+
+I do not like the owl, he is so ugly. When we find an owl we get in a
+circle around him and snap our great beaks, and jerk our tails up and
+down and scream. He is very much afraid of us.
+
+The people where I live like our yellow breasts. They wear them on their
+heads, and also put them on the ends of their bows.
+
+We sometimes sit together in a tree and snap our beaks and shout. This
+is why we have been called "Preacher Birds."
+
+We can scream so loud that we may be heard a mile away. Our song is
+"Tucano! Tucano!"
+
+I think it is a pretty song, but the people do not like it very much.
+
+[Illustration: YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.]
+
+
+
+
+THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.
+
+
+The Toucans are a numerous race of South American birds, at once
+recognizable by the prodigious size of their beaks and by the richness
+of their plumage. "These birds are very common," says Prince Von Wied,
+"in all parts of the extensive forests of the Brazils and are killed
+for the table in large numbers during the cool seasons. Their eggs are
+deposited in the hollow limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so common
+in the tropical forests, but their nests are very difficult to find. The
+egg is said to be white. They are very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas
+and plantains, and when these fruits are ripe make sad havoc among the
+neighboring plantations. In return for these depredations the planter
+eats their flesh, which is very delicate."
+
+The flight of these birds is easy and graceful, sweeping with facility
+over the loftiest trees of their native forests, their strangely
+developed bills being no encumbrance to them, replete as they are with a
+tissue of air-filled cells rendering them very light and even buoyant.
+
+On the ground they get along with a rather awkward hopping movement,
+their legs being kept widely apart. In ascending a tree they do not
+climb but mount from one branch to another with a series of jumps,
+ascending to the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe from every
+missile except a rifle ball. They have a habit of sitting on the
+branches in flocks, lifting their bills, clattering them together, and
+shouting hoarsely all the while, from which custom the natives call them
+Preacher-birds. Sometimes the whole party, including the sentinel, set
+up a simultaneous yell so deafeningly loud that it can be heard a mile.
+They are very loquacious birds and are often discovered through their
+perpetual chattering. Their cry resembles the word "Tucano," which has
+given origin to the peculiar name.
+
+When settling itself to sleep, the Toucan packs itself up in a very
+systematic manner, supporting its huge beak by resting it on its back,
+and tucking it completely among the feathers, while it doubles its tail
+across its back just as if it moved on hinges. So completely is the
+large bill hidden among the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is
+visible in spite of its great size and bright color, so that the bird
+when sleeping looks like a great ball of loose feathers.
+
+Sir R. Owen concludes that the large beak is of service in masticating
+food compensating for the absence of any grinding structures in the
+intestinal tract.
+
+Says a naturalist: "We turned into a gloomy forest and for some time saw
+nothing but a huge brown moth, which looked almost like a bat on the
+wing. Suddenly we heard high upon the trees a short shrieking sort of
+noise ending in a hiss, and our guide became excited and said, "Toucan!"
+The birds were very wary and made off. They are much in quest and often
+shot at. At last we caught sight of a pair, but they were at the top of
+such a high tree that they were out of range. Presently, when I had
+about lost hope, I heard loud calls, and three birds came and settled in
+a low bush in the middle of the path. I shot one and it proved to be a
+very large toucan. The bird was not quite dead when I picked it up, and
+it bit me severely with its huge bill."
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+I have just been singing my morning song, and I wish you could have
+heard it. I think you would have liked it.
+
+I always sing very early in the morning. I sing because I am happy, and
+the people like to hear me.
+
+My home is near a small stream, where there are low woods and underbrush
+along its banks.
+
+There is an old dead tree there, and just before the sun is up I fly to
+this tree.
+
+I sit on one of the branches and sing for about half an hour. Then I fly
+away to get my breakfast.
+
+I am very fond of fruit. Bananas grow where I live, and I like them best
+of all.
+
+I eat insects, and sometimes I fly to the rice fields and swing on the
+stalks and eat rice.
+
+The people say I do much harm to the rice, but I do not see why it is
+wrong for me to eat it, for I think there is enough for all.
+
+I must go now and get my breakfast. If you ever come to see me I will
+sing to you.
+
+I will show you my wife, too. She looks just like me. Be sure to get up
+very early. If you do not, you will be too late for my song.
+
+       *       *       *
+
+    "Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things,
+     With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings.
+     Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell--
+     Beautiful birds--that ye come not as well?
+     Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark,
+     Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark;
+     Ye build and ye brood 'neath the cottagers' eaves,
+     And ye sleep on the sod, 'mid the bonnie green leaves;
+     Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake,
+     Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake;
+     Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land,
+     Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand."
+
+[Illustration: RED-RUMPED TANAGER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER.
+
+
+An American family, the Tanagers are mostly birds of very brilliant
+plumage. There are 300 species, a few being tropical birds. They are
+found in British and French Guiana, living in the latter country in open
+spots of dwellings and feeding on bananas and other fruits. They are
+also said to do much harm in the rice fields.
+
+In "The Auk," of July, 1893, Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum,
+says of the Red-Rumped Tanager:
+
+"During my stay at Boruca and Palmar, (the last of February) the
+breeding season was at its height, and I observed many of the Costa Rica
+Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every instance where possible I collected
+both parents of the nests, and in the majority of cases found the males
+wearing the same dress as the females. In a few instances the male was
+in mottled plumage, evidently just assuming the adult phase, and in a
+lesser number of examples the male was in fully adult plumage--velvety
+black and crimson red. From the above it is clear that the males begin
+to breed before they attain fully adult plumage, and that they retain
+the dress of the female until, at least, the beginning of the second
+year.
+
+"While on this trip I had many proofs that, in spite of its rich
+plumage, and being a bird of the tropics, it is well worthy to hold a
+place of honor among the song birds. And if the bird chooses an early
+hour and a secluded spot for expressing its happiness, the melody is
+none the less delightful. At the little village of Buenos Aires, on the
+Rio Grande of Terraba, I heard the song more frequently than at any
+other point. Close by the ranch house at which we were staying, there
+is a small stream bordered by low woods and underbrush, that formed a
+favorite resort for the birds. Just below the ranch is a convenient spot
+where we took our morning bath. I was always there just as the day was
+breaking. On the opposite bank was a small open space in the brush
+occupied by the limbs of a dead tree. On one of these branches, and
+always the same one, was the spot chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth his
+morning song. Some mornings I found him busy with his music when I
+arrived, and again he would be a few minutes behind me. Sometimes he
+would come from one direction, sometimes from another, but he always
+alighted at the same spot and then lost no time in commencing his song.
+While singing, the body was swayed to and fro, much after the manner of
+a canary while singing. The song would last for perhaps half an hour,
+and then away the singer would go. I have not enough musical ability to
+describe the song, but will say that often I remained standing quietly
+for a long time, only that I might listen to the music."
+
+
+
+
+THE GOLDEN ORIOLE.
+
+
+We find the Golden Oriole in America only. According to Mr. Nuttall, it
+is migratory, appearing in considerable numbers in West Florida about
+the middle of March. It is a good songster, and in a state of captivity
+imitates various tunes.
+
+This beautiful bird feeds on fruits and insects, and its nest is
+constructed of blades of grass, wool, hair, fine strings, and various
+vegetable fibers, which are so curiously interwoven as to confine and
+sustain each other. The nest is usually suspended from a forked and
+slender branch, in shape like a deep basin and generally lined with fine
+feathers.
+
+"On arriving at their breeding locality they appear full of life and
+activity, darting incessantly through the lofty branches of the tallest
+trees, appearing and vanishing restlessly, flashing at intervals into
+sight from amidst the tender waving foliage, and seem like living gems
+intended to decorate the verdant garments of the fresh clad forest."
+
+It is said these birds are so attached to their young that the female
+has been taken and conveyed on her eggs, upon which with resolute and
+fatal instinct she remained faithfully sitting until she expired.
+
+An Indiana gentleman relates the following story:
+
+"When I was a boy living in the hilly country of Southern Indiana, I
+remember very vividly the nesting of a pair of fine Orioles. There stood
+in the barn yard a large and tall sugar tree with limbs within six or
+eight feet of the ground.
+
+"At about thirty feet above the ground I discovered evidences of an
+Oriole's nest. A few days later I noticed they had done considerably
+more work, and that they were using horse hair, wool and fine strings.
+This second visit seemed to create consternation in the minds of the
+birds, who made a great deal of noise, apparently trying to frighten me
+away. I went to the barn and got a bunch of horse hair and some wool,
+and hung it on limbs near the nest. Then climbing up higher, I concealed
+myself where I could watch the work. In less than five minutes they were
+using the materials and chatted with evident pleasure over the abundant
+supply at hand.
+
+"They appeared to have some knowledge of spinning, as they would take a
+horse hair and seemingly wrap it with wool before placing it in position
+on the nest.
+
+"I visited these birds almost daily, and shortly after the nest was
+completed I noticed five little speckled eggs in it. The female was so
+attached to the nest that I often rubbed her on the back and even lifted
+her to look at the eggs."
+
+[Illustration: GOLDEN ORIOLE.]
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+
+                                   CHICAGO, December 10th, 1896.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY.
+
+DEAR SIRS: I am very much pleased with this movement to give such
+substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your kind
+offer also.
+
+                     Respectfully,
+                                HARRIET N. WINCHELL,
+                                        Principal Tilden School.
+
+
+                             ST. JOSEPH, MICH., January 4, 1897.
+ PRINCIPAL W. J. BLACK,
+                  Chicago.
+
+DEAR SIR: Thanks for sample copy of "Birds." It is by far the finest
+thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure in
+presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any assistance
+to you that I am able.
+
+                         Yours,
+                              GEORGE W. LOOMIS,
+                                    Superintendent City Schools.
+
+
+                                DES MOINES, IOWA, January 5, 1897.
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+                Fisher Building, Chicago.
+
+I have just seen the January number of "Birds," illustrated by color
+photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful.
+
+                   Very sincerely,
+                            MRS. MINNIE THERESA HATCH,
+                                    Principal Washington School.
+
+
+                             LUTHER, MICH., December 31st, 1896.
+ W. E. WATT,
+   Chicago, Ill.
+
+DEAR SIR: Your serial on Birds received and after examination I have no
+hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the kind that I
+have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in presenting it to
+my teachers and recommending it to their favorable notice.
+
+                       Very truly,
+                                  E. G. JOHNSON,
+                                        Commissioner of Schools.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12x18 inches, on card
+ 19x25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph
+[January, 1897], by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30221.txt or 30221.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/2/30221/
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some
+images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/old/30221.zip b/old/30221.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3173a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/30221.zip