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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2011 [EBook #36784]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Katherine Ward, Juliet Sutherland, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+McCLURE'S MAGAZINE
+
+VOL. I    SEPTEMBER, 1893    No. 4
+
+
+Copyright, 1893, by S. S. MCCLURE, Limited. All rights reserved.
+
+
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  Edward E. Hale. The Man with a Country. By Herbert D. Ward.      291
+  How Cassie Saved the Spoons. By Annie Howells Fréchette.         301
+  Surrender. By Gertrude Hall.                                     308
+  "Human Documents."                                               309
+  Dreams Go By Contraries. By George H. Jessop.                    318
+  The Tables Turned. By William Wordsworth.                        326
+  Pasteur at Home. By Ida M. Tarbell.                              327
+  Hugh Brontë'S Courtship. By Doctor William Wright.               341
+  The Legend of the Elephant and the Lion. By Henry M. Stanley.    351
+  Song. By Thomas Carew.                                           355
+  The Life and Experiences of an Engineer of a Limited Express.
+      By Cleveland Moffett.                                        356
+  Among the Gorillas. By R. L. Garner.                             364
+
+
+
+
+Illustrations
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  Residence of Edward Everett Hale.                                292
+  Sitting-Room.                                                    294
+  Highland Street, With the Hale Place on the Right.               295
+  Doctor Hale in His Study.                                        296
+  The Library.                                                     298
+  The Dining-Room.                                                 299
+  E. E. Hale in 1847. From a Painting By Richard Hinsdale.         300
+  Emperor William of Germany.                                      310
+  Eugene Field.                                                    314
+  Colonel Albert A. Pope.                                          316
+  The Statue of Jupille.                                           327
+  The Pasteur Institute.                                           328
+  The Lodge.                                                       329
+  M. Pasteur in His Salon.                                         330
+  The House at Dôle.                                               331
+  M. Pasteur at Thirty.                                            332
+  At the Jubilee of M. Pasteur.                                    333
+  Portraits of M. Pasteur.                                         334
+  A Group of Patients.                                             336
+  The Library.                                                     337
+  M. Roux.                                                         337
+  Dosing the Virus.                                                338
+  Dr. Metchnikoff in His Laboratory.                               339
+  Filling the Syringes.                                            339
+  The Rabbits' Quarters.                                           340
+  "The Flyer" Leaving the Grand Central Station, New York City.    357
+
+
+
+
+EDWARD E. HALE.
+
+THE MAN WITH A COUNTRY.
+
+BY HERBERT D. WARD.
+
+
+When General Ward drove the British out of Roxbury in the reign of
+George the Third, the valuation of the town was about sixty
+thousand dollars. I do not know at what high figure the historic
+city that guards the ashes of John Eliot is held now, but I do
+know that, in this age of rapacious corporations and untrustworthy
+trusts, genius outranks gold, and that Roxbury receives no small
+increment of her value from the fact that Edward E. Hale is one of
+her most distinguished citizens. To one fond of perceiving the
+innate or accidental fitness of things, it is, perhaps, more than a
+coincidence that Doctor Hale lives on Highland Street, and that
+his house reminds one, with its massive front and Ionic columns, of a
+Greek temple.
+
+This large house was built, about sixty years ago, by Mr. Bradford,
+for his brother-in-law, Reverend Mr. Kent, and was used for a young
+ladies' boarding-school. Even now, on some of the upper panes, girls'
+names and girlish sentiments are to be read. When Doctor Hale took the
+house, some twenty years ago, he introduced a carpenter to make what
+are called "modern improvements."
+
+"Mr. Hale," said the carpenter, after a thorough inspection, "you are
+fortunate in your bargain. _This house was built on honor._" Mr. Hale
+has had a great mind to make this reply the motto over his doorway.
+
+When Doctor Hale once described his house to an eminent editor of one
+of our leading magazines, he said: "You cannot mistake it; it is a
+Greek temple just above Eliot Square."
+
+The editor, with the gentle blush that frisky memory will bring to the
+cheeks of the staidest, quickly answered: "Yes, I have often
+worshipped there."
+
+This is not a biographical paper. The readers of the "Atlantic" will
+remember Doctor Hale's description of his father, the first of New
+England's great railroad pioneers. Every one knows that our Mr. Hale
+was named after his uncle, the great Edward Everett; but perhaps it is
+not so generally known that Mrs. Hale is the granddaughter of Lyman
+Beecher, and the niece of Mrs. Stowe. What may not be expected of
+Doctor Hale's boys, with Beecher, Hale, and Everett blood in their
+veins? There is no better selection, and the problem is an interesting
+one.
+
+But, to many of us, the most interesting of Doctor Hale's connections
+is his distant relation, Helen Kellar. The first time that wonderful,
+blind, deaf-mute child, then not eight years old, came to his home,
+there happened to be an Egyptian statuette of the god Terminus outside
+the piazza steps. The child touched it, and, with her marvellous
+discernment, starting back, said in her own way: "Oh, the ugly old
+man!"
+
+Helen was then taken to the beautiful alto-relievo of Bernini,
+representing the infants Christ and John playing together. It is a
+little thing, and slowly the child ran her eye-fingers over the chubby
+babes. Suddenly her sightless face lighted with the rarest smile. Her
+soul had understood the significance of the holy group by an intuition
+that science cannot gauge, and she bent over and kissed the sacred
+children.
+
+After all, every home exhibits a clinging pananthropoism, if one may
+be permitted to coin the word. Books and pictures and statuary are the
+man, just as much as his style. They are his most subtile expression.
+They are his unlying interpreters. As you walk into Doctor Hale's
+parlor, resting upon the floor, there confronts you a realistic
+colored photograph of the compelling Matterhorn. That picture, with
+its glacier, its precipices, and its summit, conquered only by
+coöperative achievement, is a fit emblem of a family climbing from
+height to height.
+
+We left the table, and Lyman Beecher's splendid portrait, that formed
+a strong background for Doctor Hale's impressive head, and stopped for
+a moment in the boys' study, opposite the parlor. There is the
+portrait of Edward Everett, by Stuart Newton: of Alexander Everett, by
+Alexander, and of Mrs. Hale, by Ransom, and a striking picture of the
+doctor himself. How many of these sedate portraits have been shocked
+by shuttlecock and bumped by football at the hands of Doctor Hale's
+rollicking boys, only one of whom, Robert, of rising literary
+reputation, is left with his father in the home!
+
+[Illustration: RESIDENCE OF EDWARD EVERETT HALE.]
+
+Across the narrow back hall one takes a quick glimpse of the four
+phases of the moon on the stairway, then of hundreds of volumes
+lining the walls, billows of books, breaking upon one
+everywhere--five thousand of them.
+
+"That is Thomas Arnold's portrait--father of Matthew," said Doctor
+Hale, pointing from his sofa, and then settling back into
+reminiscences:--"Longfellow over there, and Dean Stanley. I liked
+Stanley, and I think Stanley liked me. We were on very cordial terms.
+He sat at the desk where you are, and I gave him Gladstone's article
+on America, published that fall. There was a carriage at the door. I
+was to show him some historical places. It was October, and cold. I
+told the boys to bring some rugs. They came to the carriage with a lot
+of Arab shawls. Stanley had just come from the desert, and with
+marvellous dexterity he wound a shawl about him so that he looked like
+an Arab sheik. I got a little frightened at the oriental look of it,
+and said: 'Oh, we shall be in all the newspapers.' With reluctance he
+consented to throw a cape over his shoulders instead. But I always
+regretted that I did not allow him to go through the streets as an
+Arab dean. When I bade him good-by that night, he said, with his
+wonted thoughtfulness, 'Let me pay for this carriage; you would never
+have had it if it hadn't been for me.'
+
+"'No,' said I, 'when I go to Westminster you shall pay for me. When
+you are in Boston, I shall pay for you.'
+
+"When we got out of the carriage the hackman took off his hat and
+said: 'If the carriage were mine, you shouldn't pay a cent. Doctor
+Stanley is a good and great man, and I am proud to have carried him.'
+That's pretty good for a Boston hackman."
+
+As my eyes roamed over the mass of portfolios stacked in an orderly
+manner in the case at the foot of his lounge, my imagination conjured
+many an interview that Mr. Hale must have had with immortals,
+contemporaries, and friends of the man before me.
+
+And what invaluable letters must those portfolios contain! Doctor Hale
+evidently caught my curiosity and my glance.
+
+"You would like to see some autographs?" he generously asked.
+
+"Yes, indeed, but I am afraid there is not time now. Tell me about
+some of your most interesting ones."
+
+Then it proved that Doctor Hale had advantages in the line of
+presidential autographs, because of his eminent and political
+ancestry. His collection in this respect is complete, and in this way,
+he says, he began it.
+
+"I was sitting one evening tearing up old papers, after my father's
+death, and among them noticed a letter on the character of Washington.
+Not considering it worth keeping, I took it to tear it up, when out
+dropped a yellow paper, ancient and faded. It proved to be a letter of
+George Washington himself, which had been enclosed in the other letter
+by my father, evidently to illustrate a point in character which the
+writer had raised. Then and there I resolved to make a collection of
+presidential autographs. I don't dare to tell you how many family
+commissions I hold in my portfolio. To me the collection is almost the
+history of my family. I have been tempted to publish a couple of
+volumes of national history of the nineteenth century, to be taken
+bodily from my own portfolio of autographs. It might be rather
+interesting."
+
+"Changing the subject, when did you first meet Emerson?"
+
+"Let me see, I first heard Emerson when I was eleven years old. He was
+delivering his lecture on Mohammed. I first spoke to him in Harvard
+College chapel, when a mutual acquaintance had just taken the highest
+honors. Emerson said of him, with his keenest look:
+
+"'I didn't know he was so fine a fellow. Now, if some misfortune could
+only happen to him; if he could be turned out of college, or could be
+unpopular in his class, or his father could fail in business, all
+would be well with him.'
+
+"This seemed at the time cynical, but when I read of the hardships of
+Emerson's early life, and heard of the unhappy end of the man of
+college honors, I understood it and was astounded at his penetration.
+
+"I have a letter of Emerson's (and you can take a copy of it if you
+like) which cleared up an anecdote that was told of him at the time.
+It was said that on one of his ocean trips he committed 'Alaric' or
+some other long poem to memory, in order to while away a few otherwise
+unprofitable days. It proved to be 'Lycidas,' and I never heard of any
+one else who has committed 'Lycidas' to memory on an ocean trip for
+pastime. Who else but Emerson would have thought of it?"
+
+  CONCORD, _January 26_.
+
+  MY DEAR HALE:--I know by much experience of my own what it is to
+  have Everett on the brain, and you, who have it in the blood, may
+  easily believe that it could only be "Alaric" that I was crooning
+  at sea. But it was not that, but Milton's "Lycidas," which I told
+  of in a lecture on Memory, to which I must think you refer; though
+  nothing of it was ever printed or reported that I know, and it
+  must have been read (_i.e._, the lecture) when you were very
+  young. I ought to be proud that the anecdote could reach you, but
+  the mystery of the memory interested me much.
+
+  I wrote you yesterday about Stirling's pamphlet, which I hope will
+  come speedily to you. I do not recall the title, but it was,
+  perhaps, "Remarks on Mr. Huxley's Protoplasm."
+
+  Yours,
+  R. W. EMERSON.
+
+"Here's another story of Emerson," continued my host, with a twinkle,
+"that reminds me of the story of the man who said he couldn't make a
+speech like Henry Clay, but he had once held the statesman's hat when
+Clay was speaking. When Mr. Emerson delivered his second Phi Beta
+address, the desk had been removed from the pulpit of the church, so
+that he had at the beginning to kneel uncomfortably to read his
+manuscript. I went back in the vestry and found the desk, and, in the
+first pause in Emerson's address, placed it before him. The audience
+of course applauded. When the oration was over, Lowell, who presided,
+congratulated Mr. Emerson on his success, and Emerson's first words
+were, 'Where's that saint, Edward Hale?'"
+
+[Illustration: SITTING-ROOM.]
+
+"Have you any special reminiscence of Hawthorne?"
+
+"Hardly any at all. Personally, Hawthorne was very reticent in
+society. My own recollections of him, when I first saw him, were
+that he hardly spoke a word to anybody. This little scrap of
+Hawthorne's, which you may use, if you care to, was sent to the
+'Boston Miscellany,' a magazine that my brother edited, and to
+which all Young America at that time contributed. Lowell published
+his first stories and articles in the 'Miscellany,' after those in
+'Harvardiana.'
+
+"But with Lowell my relations were singularly intimate. He was also
+intimate with my brother Nathan. Our room in college was convenient
+for him, as his was at a distance from recitations. He was a class in
+advance of me. Those were the days when we borrowed Emerson's volume
+of Tennyson's first poems, and copied the poems in our scrap-books.
+Lowell was deep in the old dramatists then, and read papers on them in
+the Alpha Delta, which was the literary club to which we both
+belonged. The intimacy which was then begun lasted through our lives.
+He edited 'The Atlantic' when I published my first stories there.
+
+[Illustration: HIGHLAND STREET, WITH THE HALE PLACE ON THE RIGHT.]
+
+"By the way, it is reported that Ruskin will be made poet laureate! My
+candidate, however, is Jean Ingelow. The Queen ought to have named a
+woman. Talking on the subject, I have seen with these eyes the
+original correspondence with which Prince Albert offered the
+laureateship to Samuel Rogers. Rogers was greatly pleased, but after
+consideration declined, because he was so old. The Prince then wrote
+to Rogers to ask him to name the laureate. Rogers named Tennyson. Then
+came a letter from the prime minister, in which he said: 'We are not
+acquainted with the works of this gentleman, and will you be good
+enough to let me know whether he has ever written anything which would
+make it improper for a woman to name him for this post?'"
+
+Mr. Hale stopped and laughed heartily. "Just think of that!" he added,
+with glee.
+
+After some skirmishing about the bush--for the office of
+"interlocutor" is not very familiar to me--I asked Doctor Hale:
+
+"What do you consider the best thing you ever did?" He did not seem
+annoyed or perplexed by the question. He thrust his arms behind his
+head, extended himself the full length of the lounge, and regarded me
+with his deep-set eyes. Doctor Hale's face wrinkles in a curious way
+around his eyes. These are the features of his face. They are fine,
+deep, sad, careless of human opinion--except it has to be conciliated
+for a high purpose--and alert as a boy's, ready for a truth or for a
+friend. I believe that a divine physiognomist would read Doctor Hale's
+career in his gray eyes and their high ramparts. "Why, the young man's
+head has an entirely different shape," said the elder Darwin of his
+son Charles, on the young man's return from his voyage in the
+"Beagle." It struck me oddly that in a like manner Doctor Hale's eyes
+had been a mirror of his life.
+
+"I think," began Doctor Hale thoughtfully, "that 'In His Name,' as a
+bit of literary work, is to be regarded as the best book I ever wrote.
+The story of 'The Man Without a Country' has circulated in much larger
+numbers. It was forged in the fire, and I think its great popularity
+is due to the subject."
+
+"And what is your best literary work at present?"
+
+After some hesitation Doctor Hale answered:
+
+"I think my sermons are the best."
+
+This serious answer caused no little astonishment; for one naturally
+thinks of Doctor Hale as an author rather than as a hard-working
+minister.
+
+[Illustration: DOCTOR HALE IN HIS STUDY.]
+
+"I attach a great deal of importance to the weekly printing and
+circulating of sermons," he continued. "It is more than fifteen years
+since I began printing them for our people. It keeps a man at his best
+work. It does away with slipshod carelessness. I should advise every
+minister to print his sermons. The fact of it is," he continued, with
+increasing vivacity, "five-sixths of my work in this office is parish
+work. I am a person who has never lost sight of my profession. People
+complain that my books always carry a moral. I wouldn't write if they
+didn't."
+
+"How did you come to write--as an author, I mean?"
+
+"Until 1861 I was only known in Boston as an energetic minister of an
+active church. I didn't want anything else. I believe now, as then,
+that if anything is going to be done, it is to be done through that
+agency. Then the war came along. I was in the Massachusetts Rifle
+Corps, and," he said this with a pardonable twinkle of pride, "I have
+drilled a major-general. Then I was on the Sanitary Commission. To
+save the country--that brought me into public life, and I have never
+got back into simple parish life again. Then came 'The Man Without a
+Country.' In 1871 'Ten Times One is Ten' was published. From that book
+came a peculiarity of my life. It brought me into close contact with
+all parts of the world. From it sprang the 'Lend a Hand' and the
+'King's Daughters,' and a dozen such working societies, and indirectly
+the Epworth League and the Christian Endeavor. They copied the idea,
+with many of my mottoes."
+
+The speaker stopped while the writer pondered how many a girl, from
+East to West and North to South, carried upon her throat a plain
+silver cross tied with a purple ribbon, her proudest ornament. It is
+an inspiring picture and comes quickly to call. To make an era in
+Christian self-surrender, to girdle the world with unselfish crosses,
+to hammer high purposes into young souls, that is a better life than
+to have written the best novel of the decade.
+
+"Yes," said Doctor Hale, with the authority of his threescore years
+and eleven, "the parish is at the basis of my life, and takes
+five-sixths of my time. All this would have been impossible without
+it."
+
+In these days, when some of our eminent critics consider a moral
+purpose detrimental to the literary value of a story, it is refreshing
+to learn from the mouth of one of our most popular authors that his
+success is due entirely to the inspiration of a Christian ideal. It
+takes the modern school of critics to pat the Lord Jesus Christ upon
+the back. Charles Kingsley and Doctor Hale will not be snuffed out by
+them because they have chosen to Christianize their literary work.
+
+Edward E. Hale regards the ministry as the most practical business in
+the world. The theory that the minister spends his mornings reading
+Hebrew, and his afternoons praying with dying old women, is exploded
+in his career. He knocks about in the most active of city life. It
+came out that the day before I called he went up to the State House to
+argue in favor of an honest bill of some kind. He then signed the
+lease of the "Noonday Rest," a club where working girls are to get
+good food. He made himself responsible for fifteen hundred dollars a
+year because the poor girls had to be cared for, and he "knew it would
+come back to him all right." Then the duties of Vice-President of the
+Industrial Aid called for his attention. "I am the man of business,"
+he said, with flashing eyes. Of such are the charities of his life.
+
+Even while the writer was sitting in the chair that Dean Stanley
+occupied, and revolving the problem whether Doctor Hale summoned from
+some other planet the time in which to write his sermons, we were
+interrupted by a messenger from the Society for Prevention of Cruelty
+to Animals, who came for about fifty pounds of stories which Doctor
+Hale had read in order to determine the four winners of prizes.
+
+"I was a little taken in," he said, with a boyish laugh, after the
+messenger, stunned dumb by that kindly reception of Doctor Hale's
+(which is denied to no one), had departed staggering; "I thought
+they were to be short stories, and they turned out to be
+sixty-thousand-word books."
+
+Doctor Hale's study, which he calls his office, was once used as the
+school-room for day scholars, and had a piazza, on one side of it.
+This Mr. Hale has boarded up and uses the space--three feet wide--for
+his thousands of pamphlets. I stepped in there while the messenger
+from the society with the long name was occupying our host's
+attention, and, for all the world, it seemed like a touch from Dickens
+or a section from the Athenæum. That pamphlet alcove, narrow, musty,
+yet busy, a composite of the stage-coach days and our electric era,
+gave me a graver suspicion of Doctor Hale's cosmopolitan interests
+than any word he had uttered or anything I had hitherto seen in the
+temple.
+
+When I came back Doctor Hale was again stretched upon the lounge. He
+began almost fiercely upon his favorite topic, and I can do no better
+than to give his own words:
+
+"I have written twenty-five books, but I'm not an author; I'm a parish
+minister. I don't care a snap for the difference between Balzac and
+Daudet. That isn't important in life. I do care about the difference
+between the classes of men who migrate to this country of mine."
+
+Here I interrupted him:
+
+"Is it better to do twenty things than one?"
+
+"Not best for every one; but for a man who writes forty sermons a
+year, it is better not to get into one rut. To write those sermons
+well he must come into touch with forty things or forty men. As a man
+of letters, I say the same thing. An author must be an all-around man
+and take a many-sided view of life. My friends think it harms me. I
+say it does not."
+
+Although I was burning to ask a vital and perhaps an impertinent
+question--for as he was so kind to me I wished not to be intrusive--I
+waited while he chatted about his connection with Harvard.
+
+It is one of Doctor Hale's happiest memories that he was an overseer
+of Harvard University when the modern plan was introduced of having
+more than one person to take charge of the chapel services. The new
+custom was initiated by appointing the clerical members of the
+overseers and faculty to take the chapel in turn. Doctor Hale thinks
+there were nine of them. So he took a ninth part. That system in turn
+gave way to the present system, by which five or six men are appointed
+annually. Each in turn is given a room in college, so as to enter into
+intimate pastoral relationship with the boys. This system has proved
+wonderfully successful. In the inauguration of each of its phases
+Doctor Hale was senior in the board, and heavily influential in the
+working of the experiment. It is not to be wondered at, that of the
+experiences of his long life he values making the acquaintance of a
+"couple of thousand of as fine young men as the day can produce."
+
+This is only another illustration of Doctor Hale's wide sweep and
+influence.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBRARY.]
+
+"Doctor Hale, you yourself have hinted at it, namely, that the worst
+thing your friends say about you is, that you have too many irons in
+the fire. Do you think that thereby you have missed an opportunity in
+life?"
+
+"I am glad you asked that question," he reassured me with his most
+winning smile. "I don't think I have," he said slowly. "I might have
+written better verses; by the way"--I thought he was changing the
+subject--"I am just editing a collection of my verses for Roberts
+Brothers, to be called 'For Fifty Years.' On the title-page this
+quotation from the 'Ingham Papers' will be printed as a motto for the
+poems. Read it aloud to me."
+
+Judge how I was moved as I read the following words to him:
+
+"Poor Ingham was painfully conscious that he had no peculiar genius
+for one duty rather than another. If it were his duty to write verses,
+he wrote verses; to lay telegraph, he laid telegraph; to fight
+slavers, he fought slavers; to preach sermons, he preached sermons.
+And he did one of these things with just as much alacrity as the
+other; the moral purpose entirely controlling such mental aptness or
+physical habits as he could bring to bear."
+
+As my voice died away among the volumes, it flashed across me that in
+these words could be found Doctor Hale's mental and spiritual
+biography.
+
+"Is this your epitaph?" I asked, very soberly.
+
+"I am willing to stand by this as my epitaph," he repeated after me,
+in his gravest tones.
+
+Now this scene was not an interview, but a revelation, and I felt that
+it "was good to be there." But, as an engagement called us to go out
+together, we arose.
+
+"I wish you could have seen more of my parish work," he said, as we
+walked in the rain. He recurred to his favorite topic eagerly. "For
+that is my real life."
+
+[Illustration: THE DINING-ROOM.]
+
+"Sermons?" The word started him off.
+
+"I have no patience with the idea that it takes six days of grinding
+to write a sermon. What nonsense! A sermon consists of about two
+thousand five hundred words. I take a cup of coffee before breakfast
+and write about six pages--that is, six hundred and fifty words. In
+the morning I dictate to my amanuensis one thousand five hundred
+words. I am intensely interested in the subject, and this takes only a
+quarter of an hour. In the afternoon I look it over and add five or
+six hundred words, and the sermon is done. In all, I haven't put my
+hand for over two hours to paper."
+
+Although I have written a sermon or two myself, and had a different
+experience, I did not argue the point. I have a faint suspicion that
+it would take most people fifty years of experience to arrive at such
+a wonderful facility.
+
+Power? Where did Doctor Hale get the strength to carry through his
+hundred duties?--editing--writing--aiding public work and public and
+private charities--correspondence--for he is the busiest man in
+Boston, and his business increases upon him week by week in an
+appalling ratio.
+
+"How on earth do you do it all? Where do you get the power? What is
+it?"
+
+"The simple truth is," and I quote his words exactly, "that any child
+of God, who in any adequate way believes that he can partake of the
+divine nature, knows that he has strength enough for any business
+which looks the right way; that is, which helps to bring God's kingdom
+into the world. Well, if you are working with Aladdin's lamp, or with
+Monte Cristo's treasures, you are not apt to think you will fail. Far
+less will you think you will fail if you are working with the
+omnipotence of the Lord God behind you. When people talk to me,
+therefore, about optimism or good spirits or expecting success, if I
+know them well enough I say that I am promised infinite power to work
+with, and that whenever I have trusted it fairly and squarely, I have
+found that the promise was true."
+
+He stopped, and under the shelter of a high steeple we separated: and
+the parish priest, the author, the eager citizen, the helper of poor
+girls and struggling young men, the man of power, the Christian
+cosmopolitan, strode down the street, and was lost in the mist.
+
+I could not help calling to mind a pretty story told of him while he
+was travelling in the West. As the train stopped at some forsaken
+hamlet in California, twenty girls were seen upon the platform. On
+hearing that Edward E. Hale was to pass through, they had begged off
+from school in order to greet him. They were "King's Daughters," and
+Doctor Hale was their inspiration and their chief. Each girl was
+loaded with a different flower, with which she garlanded her hero.
+
+Such a tender and reverential free-masonry as this, founded by
+himself, greets him daily through the mail, and overwhelms him when he
+travels from his own home.
+
+As the author of "The Man Without a Country," "In His Name," and "Ten
+Times One is Ten," he sways our imagination and our hearts. But let
+him also be known as a man content to be a parish minister, and as one
+who never fails to lend a hand when the chance is given to him.
+
+[Illustration: E. E. HALE IN 1847. FROM A PAINTING BY RICHARD HINSDALE.]
+
+
+
+
+HOW CASSIE SAVED THE SPOONS.
+
+BY ANNIE HOWELLS FRÉCHETTE.
+
+
+The last good-by had been said, and the comfortable country carriage,
+drawn by its two glossy bay horses, had disappeared around a knoll.
+
+"They is do'rn," remarked the baby, as if just in possession of a
+solemn fact.
+
+"Torse they is do'rn, you blessed baby," answered Florence, his
+fifteen-year-old sister, stooping down and lifting him in her strong
+arms and kissing him.
+
+The baby, let me remark, was a sturdy boy of four, with bright brown
+eyes and red cheeks--cheeks so plump that when you had a side view of
+his face you could only see the tip of his little pug nose.
+
+"Well, if ever anybody has earned a holiday, they are father and
+mother," said Cassie.
+
+"Cassie, dear, your sentiment is better than your grammar," laughed
+Rose, the eldest of the three sisters.
+
+"Never you mind my grammar, Miss Eglantine. I mayn't have much 'book
+larnin',' but I've got a head on my shoulders, as father frequently
+remarks--which is a good thing, for I couldn't bear to look at myself
+in the glass if I hadn't--and besides, how could I do my hair up so
+neatly, (Cassie's hair was the joke of the family) if I hadn't? And
+now I'm going up-stairs to cry, and I'll be down in three minutes to
+help with the dishes," and the giddy girl flew into the house and
+disappeared.
+
+At the expiration of the three minutes which Cassie had set apart as
+sacred to her grief, she reappeared, sniffing audibly, but otherwise
+cheerful.
+
+"Now, girls, I say let us buzz through the work like a swarm of
+industrious bumble-bees, and then go down to the creek lots and put in
+the day gathering nuts. Last night, as Ned and I came through them,
+the nuts were falling like hail, and we can pick up our winter's
+supply in a few hours."
+
+This was favorably received, for they were all--even Rose--children
+enough to enjoy a long day in the autumn woods. We all know that
+willing hands make light work, and the morning's task was quickly
+done; a basket of lunch was put up, and the girls, with the baby, were
+soon scampering through the meadow toward the little creek, whose
+borders for miles around were famous for their wealth of nuts.
+
+The harvest was indeed bountiful, and they worked merrily and
+untiringly until bags and baskets were filled and deposited by a great
+log, where their brother would next day find them and cart them home.
+So busy and happy had they been that they could scarcely believe that
+the day had ended until the woods began to fill with shadows, and the
+baby declared he was sleepy and wanted his supper.
+
+"Who would ever have believed it so late?" cried Rose, peering from
+under the low boughs toward the west, "and there are all those cows to
+milk and the chickens to feed! Come, come, girls, not another nut;
+we'll have to go home at once if we want to get through before dark.
+Cassie, you are the quickest, do run ahead and let the bars down, and
+get the pails ready, and I'll carry the baby--he's so tired, poor
+little fellow, he can hardly stand. Florence can start the fire and
+begin the supper while you and I do the chores."
+
+Away sped the light-footed Cassie, while the others made such haste as
+they could with the tired baby, who wept in a self-pitying way upon
+Rose's shoulder.
+
+"Oo dirls is 'tarvin' me an' walkin' me most to pieces, an' I want my
+mover," he wailed, as he finally dozed off.
+
+Rose laid him upon the lounge in the cozy sitting-room, and, waiting
+for a moment to see Florence started with the supper, for which they
+were all ready, hurried away to the barn, where she could hear Cassie
+whistling, and talking to the cows as she milked.
+
+Out from the kitchen's open door appetizing odors of coffee and frying
+ham stole to greet the two girls, as they came towards the house with
+their brimming pails of frothy milk.
+
+"It smells good," said Cassie, "and I'm as hungry as a tramp----"
+
+"Oh, Cassie! why did you say that? I've just been trying not to think
+about tramps. I always feel creepy when I'm about the barn after dark,
+anyway, and now----"
+
+"Well, my saying that won't bring any along."
+
+"They are positively the only things in the world that I'm afraid
+of."
+
+"Well, then, _I'm_ not afraid of them. And suppose one should come?
+Surely three great stout girls ought to be able to take care of
+themselves."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, dear, please stop talking about them! I feel as if one
+were stepping on my heels. Let's run."
+
+"And spill the milk? Not much."
+
+The kitchen looked so bright and cheery as they entered it that Rose
+seemed to leave her fears outside with the duskiness, and by the time
+she had strained the milk and put it away, she had forgotten that
+tramps existed.
+
+Cassie had gone up-stairs to make some needed changes in her toilet,
+the baby had roused from a short nap and was taking a rather mournful
+interest in the preparations for supper, when Rose, who had just
+stopped to ask him whether he would rather have honey or preserves,
+heard a stealthy step upon the porch. A moment later, the door was
+pushed slowly open and a man walked in.
+
+"Good evening, ladies. Is your pa at home?"
+
+"N--no," faltered Rose, trying to settle to her own satisfaction
+whether this dirty-looking stranger might be some new neighbor, who
+had come upon legitimate business, or whether he was her one horror--a
+tramp.
+
+"Any of your big brothers in?" with rather a jocular manner.
+
+"N--no, sir."
+
+"And I don't see any bull-dog loafin' round," he added.
+
+"Our dord, he is dead," explained the baby solemnly.
+
+"Well, that's a good thing. Will the old gentleman be in soon?"
+
+"I--I don't know--yes--I--I _hope_ so. Is there any message you would
+like to leave for him?"
+
+Before the man could answer, the baby's voice was again heard.
+
+"My fahver he's dorn orf."
+
+"Where's he gone, sonny?"
+
+"He's dorn on the tars, so's my mohver; and my bid brover he putted
+yem on, and he won't be home 'til I'm asleep, and he's doin' to brin'
+me a drum and put it in my bed."
+
+(Oh, how Rose longed to shake the baby!)
+
+"Well, then, ladies, since you are likely to be alone, I think I'll
+stay and keep you company; and since you press me, I _will_ take tea
+and spend the evening. Don't go to any extra work for me, though; it
+all looks very nice. I'm rather hungry, so you may dish up that ham at
+once, my dear"--this to poor Florence, who had shrunk almost into
+invisibility behind the stove-pipe, and who seemed glued to the
+spot--"I've usually a very fair appetite, and I am sure I will relish
+it."
+
+He tossed his hat down beside the chair which he drew up to the
+table.
+
+With the light falling full upon his dirty, insolent face, Rose knew
+that her greatest dread was before her. With her knees almost sinking
+under her, she started toward the stairs, for she felt that she must
+let the intrepid Cassie know, and find out what she advised.
+
+"Where are you going, my dear?" asked the tramp, suspiciously. "You've
+not got any big cousin or uncle or anything of that kind up-stairs
+that you are going to call to tea, have you?"
+
+"Oh, no, there is no one up-stairs but my poor sister," she managed to
+gasp. She could not have told why she said "poor sister," unless it
+was from the sense of calamity which had overtaken them all.
+
+"In that case be spry, for I'm hungry, and I want you to pour out my
+tea for me. I like to have a pretty face opposite me at table."
+
+Rose dragged herself up the narrow enclosed stairs and into Cassie's
+room.
+
+"Well, Rose, you _must_ be about tuckered out. You come up-stairs as
+if you were eighty," said Cassie, looking up from the shoe she was
+fastening. "Why, what ails you? You look as if you had seen a ghost!"
+
+"Oh, Cassie, there is one of them down-stairs!" came in a whisper.
+
+"What _do_ you mean, Rose Bostwick? A _ghost_ down-stairs!"
+
+"No--no--a tramp."
+
+"Whew!" and Cassie gave a low whistle. "And I suppose you're scared?"
+
+"Oh, Cassie, I feel as if I were choking! Do hurry down, he may be
+killing poor little Florence and the baby. What shall we do? The baby
+has told him we are all alone."
+
+"The baby ought to be soundly spanked for that."
+
+"What _can_ we do? Try to think."
+
+Cassie sat swinging the button-hook in her hand and thinking very hard
+and fast.
+
+"Does he know I'm here?"
+
+"Yes, I've told him."
+
+"Then it would be no use for me to pretend to be Ned," thinking
+aloud.
+
+"I'm afraid not."
+
+Another silence dedicated to thought.
+
+"Rose?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"I'm going to be crazy. I'm going to chase him off the farm."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, you _can't_! He's a great, big, impudent wretch. What
+folly to talk about chasing him off the farm!"
+
+"It's our only chance."
+
+"Don't count on me. _I_ can't help you. My teeth are chattering with
+terror, and my legs are doubling up under me this very minute. I
+couldn't help chase a fly."
+
+"You can scream, I s'pose?"
+
+"Oh, yes, I can do that."
+
+"Well, you do the screaming and I'll do the chasing. Rush down-stairs
+and scream and scream, and bang the door to, and just shriek: 'She's
+out--she's out--she's coming down stairs!' And you'll see what a
+perfectly beautiful lunatic I will be. It's a good thing I have this
+old dress on, and only one shoe. Now make a rush, and scream."
+
+Rose's over-strained nerves were her best allies, and as she flew down
+the stairs it was the easiest thing in the world for her to give one
+piercing shriek after another. They resounded from the narrow stairway
+through the kitchen, and for the moment seemed to paralyze its
+inmates. As she burst in upon them, Florence was transfixed midway of
+the table and the stove with the platter of ham in her hands, the baby
+had climbed upon a chair, and the tramp had arisen with a bewildered
+air from the table. As her skirts cleared the door, she turned and
+dashed it shut, and flung herself against it, shrieking, "She's
+out--she's out of her room!"
+
+To the mystified Florence there came but one solution to her
+behavior--fright had overthrown her sister's reason, and with a wail
+she rushed toward her, crying, "She's crazy! Oh, she's crazy!"
+
+"Who's crazy?" yelled the tramp.
+
+The baby, now wildly terrified, set up a loud weeping, while from the
+stairway came a succession of blows and angry demands that the door be
+opened. A moment later it was forced ajar, and a head crowned with a
+mass of tossed hair was thrust out and quickly followed by a hand in
+which was clutched a gun.
+
+"She's got the gun! Oh, Florence, run to the baby!" cried Rose.
+
+"Who's that?" demanded the apparition, making a rush toward the
+tramp.
+
+"Here, keep off! Leave me alone!" backing away and warding off an
+expected blow.
+
+She stood before him, tall, strong, and agile.
+
+"I won't leave you alone. What do you mean by locking me in that room?
+I'm no more crazy than you are. What's this?" as she stumbled over the
+hat which the tramp had put beside the chair, and into which he had
+deposited the silver spoons from the table. "Oh, I see, you are all in
+league to rob me of my gold and precious stones!" and catching the hat
+up on the muzzle of the gun she gave it a whirl which sent the spoons
+glittering in every direction; then, advancing upon him, she thrust
+hat and gun into the face of the horrified man. With a volley of oaths
+he sprang backwards, upsetting his chair and falling over it.
+
+"Oh, don't kill him, Cassie! don't kill him!"
+
+"We'll have a merry time," gaily dancing about him and prodding him
+sharply with the gun, as he tried to scramble to his feet.
+
+"Keep off with that gun, can't you!" he yelled. "Can't you hold her,
+you screaming idiots?" and half crawling, half pushed, he gained the
+kitchen door, which had stood partly open since he had entered.
+
+"Where are you going, my pretty maid? Don't you try to get away,"
+shouted Cassie, as she lilted lightly after him. The tramp stayed not
+to answer her question nor to obey her command, but clearing the door
+fled wildly away through the dusk.
+
+"Here's your hat; I'll fire it after you," she called, and a sharp
+report rang out on the quiet evening air, then all was still.
+
+The three girls stood for a moment in the door, watching the dim
+outline fleeing across the meadow in the direction of the highway.
+
+"He'll think twice before inviting himself to supper another time,"
+quietly remarked Cassie with a satisfied smile.
+
+"Oh, Cassie, darling, you have saved our lives," cried Florence,
+flinging her arms around her sister.
+
+"I don't know about that; but I've saved the spoons, anyway."
+
+"There, there, baby," going to the still afflicted boy; "don't cry any
+more. Sister Cassie was just making a dirty old tramp hop; she didn't
+really shoot him, she was just playing shoot."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, you splendid, brave girl! How _did_ you ever happen to
+think to go crazy?" asked Rose, as she looked over her shoulder from
+the door which she was barricading.
+
+"Well, I knew something had to be done, and that just popped into my
+mind. I was doing 'Ophelia' the other day up in my room, so I was in
+practice; and didn't I make a sweetly pensive maniac? Now I hope you
+girls will never again make disrespectful comments upon any little
+private theatricals of mine. If I had never cultivated my dramatic
+talents, what would have become of you, I'd like to know?"
+
+It was some time before the tidal wave of excitement subsided
+sufficiently for the girls to settle down for the evening, or for the
+baby to go to sleep. Again and again they thought they heard
+footsteps, and, although the door was locked and double-locked, they
+drew up into battle line whenever the autumn wind shook down a shower
+of leaves upon the roof.
+
+Just as the clock was on the stroke of eight, a pleasant sound came
+fitfully to them. It was a softly whistled tune, and the cheery
+cadence told of a mind free from unpleasant doubts of welcome.
+
+"Surely that can't be Ned back already; he wasn't to start home until
+nine," said Rose, going to the window and cautiously peeping from
+under the curtain.
+
+"Right you are there, sister Rose," assented Cassie. "It surely can't
+be, especially as Ned could no more whistle 'Marching through Georgia'
+than you could have done the marching. It sounds uncommonly like young
+Farmer Dunscomb's whistle to me."
+
+"Well, whoever it is, I am deeply thankful that somebody besides a
+tramp is coming," interrupted Florence.
+
+"And so am I," demurely agreed Rose. "Do go to the door, Cassie, and
+peep out, and make sure that it isn't that dreadful creature coming
+back."
+
+"Are you a dreadful creature coming to murder us all?" demanded Cassie
+of the whistler, setting the door slightly ajar, and thrusting her
+head out.
+
+"Well, I don't go round giving myself out as a dreadful creature,"
+responded a jolly voice from the porch. "Hello! What's this I'm
+breaking my neck over?" as the owner of the voice tripped upon an old
+slouch hat.
+
+"Bring that article of wearing apparel to me, if you please,"
+requested Cassie as she opened the door, letting a flood of light out
+upon the visitor. "That is a little token of remembrance which I wish
+to keep. There!" holding the hat out at arm's length, "I have long
+wanted a gilt toasting-fork or rolling-pin, or something artistic, for
+my room; now I shall embroider these shot-holes and gild the brim and
+hang it up by long blue ribbons, just where my waking orbs can rest
+upon it as they open in the morning. Ah, this hat will ever have
+stirring memories for me, friend George," eying the young man
+dramatically.
+
+He looked at her a moment, then burst into a hearty laugh. "Is she
+crazy, Rose?"
+
+"Yes, she's the dearest and bravest lunatic in the world, George,"
+answered Rose.
+
+
+
+
+SURRENDER.
+
+BY GERTRUDE HALL.
+
+
+  Then lead me, Friend. Here is my hand,
+    Not in dumb resignation lent,
+  Because thee one cannot withstand--
+    In love, Lord, with complete consent.
+
+  Lead--and I, not as one born blind
+    Obeys in sheer necessity,
+  But one with muffled eyes designed,
+    Will blindly trust myself to thee.
+
+  Lead.--Though the road thou mak'st me tread
+    Bring sweat of anguish to my brow,
+  And on the flints my track be red,
+    I will not murmur--it is thou.
+
+  Lead.--If we come to the cliff's crest,
+    And I hear deep below--oh, deep!--
+  The torrent's roar, and "Leap!" thou sayst,
+    I will not question--I will leap.
+
+
+
+
+"HUMAN DOCUMENTS."
+
+  "_For of the soule the bodie forme doth take,
+  For soule is forme and doth the bodie make._"
+
+  --From "An Hymne in Honour of Beautie."--SPENSER.
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
+
+WILLIAM II., EMPEROR OF GERMANY, was born January 27, 1859, and
+received an education chiefly at home, under the supervision of his
+parents, his tutors, and his military instructors. On March 9, 1888,
+his grandfather, the first emperor, died. On June 15 of the same year
+Emperor Frederick also died, and William II. succeeded. After spending
+some time in personally visiting the courts of European sovereigns,
+the young emperor took a decisive step towards his future standing as
+a leader in European politics, by severing relations with his
+grandfather's right-hand man, Prince Bismarck. From that time, he has
+himself been the most prominent and dominating figure in the
+administration of Germany's affairs. He has, without regard to
+imperial precedent, personally connected himself with such questions
+as concern the population of the whole world, notably the Socialistic
+and Labor problems. He has made himself, also, a master of the
+smallest details concerning the government of his people, and even of
+his household. As yet without experience of actual warfare, he is an
+alert and constant inspector of both his army and navy, and, in his
+determined enforcement of the "Army Bill," has given evidence of his
+desire to uphold Germany as a military power second to none. With the
+exception of slight colonial difficulties in Samoa and Africa, he has
+had as yet no foreign trouble to contend with. He is a close student
+and an eager inquirer; he is a good shot, a skilled horseman, and
+interested in all forms of sport.
+
+EUGENE FIELD, poet and journalist, was born in St. Louis in 1850, but
+spent the greater part of his youth in Massachusetts. He was educated
+at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, and the State University at
+Columbia, Missouri. After a visit to Europe, he commenced work as a
+journalist on the "St. Louis Journal." From that time to the present
+he has been continually connected with the western newspaper press of
+America, having occupied editorial positions in St. Joseph, Kansas
+City, and Denver, and finally on the Chicago "News." His humorous and
+satirical studies in that newspaper have made him widely known, and
+his occasional verses have become very popular. His best work has been
+published in book form under the titles: "A Little Book of Western
+Verse," "A Second Book of Verse," and "A Little Book of Profitable
+Tales." (See "Dialogue between Eugene Field and Hamlin Garland," in
+the August number of MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE.)
+
+COLONEL ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, President of the Pope Manufacturing
+Company, was born in Boston in 1843. He received an ordinary
+public-school education, and at nineteen years of age entered the
+Union army as a volunteer, with the appointment of second lieutenant
+in the 35th Massachusetts Infantry, serving with distinction, and
+being gazetted lieutenant-colonel "for gallant conduct in the battles
+of Knoxville, Poplar Springs Church, and front of Petersburg." At the
+close of the war he commenced business in Boston, and, becoming
+interested in the development of the bicycle, he began to introduce
+the machines into the United States, commencing the manufacture of
+them in 1878. The Pope Manufacturing Company are the proprietors of
+the "Columbia" bicycle, and their works are among the largest of the
+kind in the world. Colonel Pope has taken an active interest in
+affairs of public moment both in his native State and throughout the
+country, notably so in the movement for establishing better roads, and
+in the welfare and education of factory employees.
+
+
+EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY.
+
+_Born January 27, 1859._
+
+[Illustration: AGE 10. 1869. PRINCE WILLIAM OF PRUSSIA, YOUNGEST
+LIEUTENANT IN THE ARMY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 25. 1884. PRINCE WILLIAM, COLONEL OF INFANTRY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 15. 1874. STUDENT AT CASSEL.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 20. 1879. PRINCE WILLIAM, PREMIER LIEUTENANT.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 29. CROWN PRINCE OF PRUSSIA, IN THE UNIFORM OF A
+COLONEL OF HUSSARS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 29. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, KING OF PRUSSIA, IN
+THE UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 33. DECEMBER, 1892. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, IN THE
+UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS OF THE ROYAL BODY GUARD.]
+
+
+EUGENE FIELD.
+
+_Born in St. Louis, 1850._
+
+[Illustration: AGE SIX MONTHS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 12.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 20.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 23.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 30.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 34.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 42.]
+
+
+COLONEL ALBERT A. POPE.
+
+_Born in Boston, 1843._
+
+[Illustration: AGE 7.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 15.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 19. 1862. LIEUTENANT IN THE 35TH MASSACHUSETTS
+INFANTRY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 27.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 48.]
+
+
+
+
+DREAMS GO BY CONTRARIES.
+
+BY GEORGE H. JESSOP.
+
+
+"I don't want to hurry any one," remarked our host, shaking the ashes
+out of a well-blackened meerschaum, "but we have a long day before us
+to-morrow, and if any one wants any sleep this is the time to take
+it."
+
+No response from any one of the half-dozen men lounging in the snug
+armchairs of that most perfectly appointed smoking-room.
+
+"I don't mind," said Sir Alan. "Two or three hours in bed are enough
+for me at any time. Please pass the spirit case, Jones. I wonder
+you're not sleepy, Tom Everton. You used always to be in bed by eleven
+when you had an early morning in prospect, but I suppose matrimony has
+cured you of that along with other failings."
+
+"Tom says he isn't going," some one remarked.
+
+"Not going! Pooh, nonsense! I thought he'd made up his mind to bring
+down a hart royal, at least, or leave his bones on Balmaquidder
+Brae."
+
+Mr. Everton looked decidedly uncomfortable.
+
+"I--I should like to try of all things," he stammered, "but--well--I
+won't--at least I think--I--I shan't go with you to-morrow--that is,
+if Sir Alan will excuse me."
+
+"Please yourself and you'll please me," replied the hospitable
+baronet; "but if it isn't any secret I'd like to know what has made
+you change your mind so suddenly."
+
+"He promised Mrs. Everton he wouldn't go," broke in the previous
+speaker. "She dreamed a dream, and, like Pharaoh's chief baker, she
+thought there was something in it."
+
+"Do be quiet, Jones," interrupted Everton, irritably. "My wife had a
+rather odd dream last night, and she's a bit nervous, you know,
+and--well, after all, it's not much to give up one day's
+deer-stalking, if any one's going to make herself miserable over it."
+
+We all knew each other pretty well, this little circle of guests
+collected by Sir Alan to help him to shoot his Scotch mountain, and
+very free and outspoken was the "chaff" that flew around poor Tom
+Everton's devoted head. He bore it with great good-humor for some
+time, till Jones made a rather uncalled-for remark involving questions
+of free will and "petticoat government." Then Tom flared up.
+
+"I don't stay at home because I'm afraid of anything, but simply
+because I have promised. My wife dreamed that I went out with this
+party, and it grew late without any of us coming back. Then she
+thought she saw me lying face down in the Balmaquidder, and she seemed
+to know I was dead. I don't remember the details, but I know she
+worked herself up into a shocking nervous state about it till I
+promised not to go. Of course it's all nonsense, I know that, but what
+can I do?"
+
+"Do as you promised!" It was Colonel Eyre's deep voice that uttered
+the words, and we all glanced round at the speaker. He had remained
+silent during the badinage occasioned by Everton's determination,
+sitting with his tumbler of Scotch whiskey-and-water in front of him,
+puffing away silently at the short brier-root, whose bowl scarcely
+cleared the sweep of his heavy, grizzled mustache. He was holding the
+pipe in his hand now, sitting erect and speaking with unmistakable
+earnestness of manner. "Do as you promised, and don't be too sure it's
+all nonsense, either. I have known cases in which men have lived to be
+very thankful that they yielded to a presentiment."
+
+"But this was a dream, colonel," broke in the irrepressible Jones.
+
+"Dream be it, then! Stay at home, Everton. As you say, it's not much
+to miss a day's shooting. And if you neglect this warning the chances
+are you may never live to regret it." The speaker took a sip from the
+tumbler in front of him, replaced his pipe between his lips, and
+leaned back as if the subject were at an end.
+
+But the colonel, an Indian officer of many years' service, was
+popularly supposed to have led a life of adventure, and to have
+figured in more than one story whose exciting incidents could well
+bear repetition. As a rule, he was a taciturn man, and it was by no
+means easy to "set him talking," as the story goes. The present seemed
+an opportunity too good to be lost, and several voices demanded the
+experience by whose authority he had spoken so decidedly.
+
+"Well, yes," said Colonel Eyre slowly, "I have seen a presentiment
+very remarkably fulfilled. I am not much of a hand at yarning, but, if
+you wish, I have no objection to give you a leaf out of my own book,
+if it's only that you may leave my friend Tom here in peace to follow
+his own course, without badgering him about it. Yes, I mean you, Mr.
+Jones," he went on, impaling that helpless youngster with a glance
+that sent him nervously to the spirit case, while the rest of us
+settled ourselves comfortably to listen, and Sir Alan, with a "Fire
+ahead, colonel," drew his chair forward into a better position.
+
+"It was a good while after the breaking of the monsoon in '68," began
+the colonel, slowly; "the weather was cool and pleasant enough, so
+that, on the face of it, it seemed no great hardship when I was
+ordered to take a detachment down to Sumbalpar. I was stationed at
+Raipur at the time, in the Orissa district, and word came of some
+trouble with the Zemindars above Sumbalpar. The only thing that seemed
+inconvenient was the suddenness of the order. It was just 'Fall in and
+march out' without delay of an hour. I was a young married man in
+those days, pretty much in the position of my friend Tom Everton, with
+a wife of two years and a bit of a baby a few months old. It wasn't
+pleasant to leave them behind me in a place like Raipur, and, of
+course, it was out of the question to start them at an hour's notice.
+I spoke to my bearer, Josein, one of the best native servants I ever
+saw, and directed him to make arrangements for an early march on the
+following morning. He was to see my family driven quietly over to
+Sumbalpar in the tonga. They were to travel by easy stages under the
+charge of a careful bilewallah. If there are any 'griffs' in this
+company, I may explain for their benefit that a tonga is a kind of
+bullock wagon, and a bilewallah is the driver of the same. Well, I had
+just time for a few words of comfort and farewell--Tom will appreciate
+all that--before I rode out of Raipur at the head of my column. We
+camped that night in the jungle, after a march of about twenty miles,
+and it was under canvas that I was visited with the dream or
+presentiment, or whatever you choose to call it, that gives such point
+as it may possess to this old-time yarn of mine."
+
+The colonel paused to refill his glass, but every one's interest was
+now awakened, and no one broke the momentary silence that ensued.
+
+"It was pretty late before I fell asleep," resumed Colonel Eyre,
+setting down his tumbler, "and it was still dark when I awoke, or
+seemed to awake, with my wife's voice ringing in my ears--a shriek of
+agony that made me start up from my pillow and listen breathlessly.
+There was a lantern burning in my tent--I had left it so when I lay
+down--and by the glimmer of light I saw a large, dark mass spread
+itself between me and the canvas roof and gradually settle down on my
+head. I did not know what it was--it was vague and formless in
+outline--but I had a consciousness that it was something of a
+dangerous nature--something that threatened my life--and I struggled
+to throw myself to one side or the other. In vain. I could not move
+hand or foot. I lay as if chained to the bed, and still the dark mass
+descended, shutting out light and air and seeming to suffocate me."
+
+"Nightmare!" remarked Sir Alan.
+
+"Very possibly," returned the colonel. "Suddenly, just as I gave
+myself up for lost, and sank back on the pillow exhausted, I heard my
+wife's voice again, this time clear and articulate. 'Save yourself,
+Gerald,' it cried. 'Make one more effort for my sake.' I glanced up at
+the threatening outline, nerving myself for a final struggle. It was
+no longer formless; its approach had ceased to be slow. Swift as the
+swoop of a falcon it descended upon me--the immense body of a tiger on
+the spring--its cruel jaws agape, its enormous paws with every claw
+unsheathed, and its hot, fetid breath on my very brow!"
+
+"A decidedly uncomfortable dream," observed Jones.
+
+"Of course all this passed in one-tenth of the time I take to tell it.
+I rolled out from under the hungry jaws, and just as I reached the
+ground I heard the angry growl of the baffled monster, followed by a
+shattering roar loud enough to waken the Seven Sleepers. As my senses
+came back to me, I found myself lying half on the ground, half on my
+low camp bed, my body bathed in perspiration, and trembling in every
+limb. Just then my batman put his head inside the tent-flap and asked
+me if I had heard the roar, adding that there was a tiger in the camp.
+I pulled on my clothes, and I could hear the men walking about among
+the tents, searching and whispering--but no trace of a tiger could we
+discover."
+
+"Then it was a real tiger?" inquired Tom.
+
+"It would seem so, as the whole camp had heard the roar as well as
+myself. However, it was almost morning by this time, and as every one
+was afoot and moments were precious I gave orders to push on at once.
+A hurried chota hazree was quickly prepared and despatched, and by the
+time the sun rose we were fairly on our way, with a good prospect of
+reaching Sumbalpar before nightfall. I couldn't shake off the
+impression of the dream, however, try as I would. Besides, some
+natives who had come in before we broke camp told us of a man-eater
+which had been infesting the district. A tiger that has once tasted
+human flesh, as you may have heard, is never content with beef or
+venison afterwards, and they sometimes make themselves the terror of a
+whole country-side before they are shot. What with the vague
+misgivings suggested by my dream, and the tangible danger of the
+man-eater, I found myself growing more and more uneasy with every mile
+we marched. Finally, I determined to turn back and meet my wife. I was
+well mounted, and I believed I could gallop to the rear, assure myself
+that all was well with her, and pick up my command again before it
+reached Sumbalpar. I left the detachment in charge of a sergeant--poor
+old Busbee, he died of jungle fever that same year--and rode back as
+fast as King Tom, a very speedy chestnut, could lay leg to ground. I
+passed the spot where we had spent the night, and kept on several
+miles beyond without seeing anything to cause uneasiness. My fears
+were beginning to disperse, and common sense made itself heard. I
+realized that I might find it very difficult to give a satisfactory
+explanation of my absence if the men reached Sumbalpar without
+me--they do not pay much attention to dreams at headquarters. This
+view of the case became more impressive with each mile I rode, and I
+determined that if the next turn in the path did not bring my family
+into view, or show me some other good reason for pushing on, I would
+turn back and rejoin my command. Thus resolved, I cantered forward,
+swung round the tangled angle of brush that limited my view, and
+saw----"
+
+Here the colonel stopped for another sip of whiskey-and-water.
+
+"What did you see?" cried Sir Alan. "Your wife?"
+
+"Yes, sir, I saw her. She was sitting with the baby in her lap in the
+tonga--pale--I have never seen such an expression of strained terror
+on any human countenance. The bilewallah was in front, trying to keep
+the bullocks, which seemed almost frantic with fear, to the path. I
+knew the man well--one of the best hands with a team at the
+station--but just then his face was so distorted with fright that I
+hardly recognized him. You know that lilac-grayish tinge a native's
+face gets when he is scared almost to death----"
+
+"I know, I know," broke in Sir Alan. "But what was the matter--what
+was frightening them? Could you see anything?"
+
+"Indeed I could," replied the colonel. "Cause enough they had; not
+five yards behind them trotted the largest tiger it has ever been my
+fortune to see."
+
+Various exclamations testified to the completeness of the surprise to
+which Colonel Eyre had treated his audience.
+
+"Was it a man-eater?" I asked.
+
+"At first I supposed it was, but if it had been I never should have
+seen them alive. After I shot the beast----"
+
+"Oh, you did shoot him?"
+
+"Don't ask me how! I am counted a fair shot--I was far better then;
+but when I levelled my rifle at that brute's heart, when I realized
+how much hung on the result--for if I had missed, or if I had merely
+wounded him, he would have been in the tonga at a single spring, and
+nothing under heaven itself could have saved those dearest to me from
+a horrible death--when I realized all this, I don't know how I found
+the nerve to pull the trigger. I suppose I knew it was the only
+chance. My appearance had enraged the animal and he was just preparing
+to spring. This I do know, and I'm not ashamed to own it: when I saw
+that I had laid the tiger out with a single shot--a thing that doesn't
+happen twice in a lifetime--I fell flat beside the tonga in the act of
+helping my wife down; for the first and last time in my life I
+fainted.
+
+"Yes, it was a pretty hard trial on the nerves," resumed the
+colonel, as our discussion of the situation sank into silence, "but
+nothing to what my wife had gone through. That tiger had followed
+them for more than four miles through the jungle. The bilewallah,
+with rare presence of mind, had managed to keep the bullocks to their
+steady jog-trot--any increase of pace or appearance of flight would
+have provoked a spring. She, poor woman, had succeeded in hushing
+her baby, for had the child cried, nothing is surer than that the
+sound would have led to an attack. It must have been an awful four
+miles for her. It was years before she recovered from the effect."
+
+"And why did not the tiger attack them?" inquired Jones. "Does any one
+know?"
+
+"The animal was doubtless waiting to kill them till they got into the
+vicinity of water," explained Colonel Eyre. "Tigers often do that with
+cattle and other large quarry. There was water a mile or less further
+on. I had noticed it myself in passing. If I had not come upon the
+ground, another ten minutes would have sealed their fate."
+
+"So it may fairly be said that your dream was the means of saving
+their lives," observed Tom Everton, who, although the most silent, had
+not been the least attentive of the listeners.
+
+"I think we may fairly admit so much," replied Colonel Eyre. "If it
+had not been for my dream, I do not think the report of the man-eater
+would have brought me back. On the other hand, but for hearing about
+the man-eater and actually being awakened by the roar of a tiger, I am
+not sure that the dream would have had weight enough with me to induce
+me to leave a detachment on the march--a serious thing, gentlemen, as
+some of you who are soldiers know well enough."
+
+"It's a very curious circumstance, certainly," observed Sir Alan; and
+then there was a pause.
+
+"But see here, colonel," Tom broke in again, "the dream, if a warning
+at all, was a warning of danger to you, yourself, and though you
+certainly heard Mrs. Eyre's voice calling to you, yet it was urging
+you to save yourself, and not summoning you to her assistance."
+
+"That is very true, and it puzzled me at the time. But, as I argued,
+it is wonderful enough to get a warning of danger in the future at
+all; you must not expect to have it spelled out to you in large print.
+Now, as to this dream of Mrs. Everton's--it prefigures danger to you,
+as I understand?"
+
+"You must go to Mrs. Everton herself for the details. All that I
+remember is that she saw me lying drowned in the Balmaquidder, and
+read the vision as a warning that some accident would befall me if I
+joined the shooting-party to-morrow. But, by the light of your
+experience, it would seem the danger is to her, not to me."
+
+"I'm not quite so sure of that," returned the colonel, thoughtfully.
+
+"Well, I think there can be no question that your dream saved your
+wife's life," observed Jones, upon whose scepticism the colonel's
+narrative had made some impression.
+
+"No question at all," rejoined that officer, rising, "and therefore,
+young man, pay attention to dreams, whether they be your own or those
+of your better half, which should be, _a fortiori_, better and more
+reliable than your own. Good-night, gentlemen. It's past one o'clock,
+and we have an early start before us."
+
+In ten minutes more silence and darkness reigned in the smoking-room
+of Balmaquidder Lodge.
+
+Next morning the men of the party were up and stirring betimes. As I
+left my bedroom, candle in hand, I heard voices proceeding from the
+apartment occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Everton. "Ah, ha," thought I,
+"Tom's curtain lecture is not over yet." However, our friend's absence
+was forgotten in the enjoyment of a substantial Highland breakfast,
+and by the time the sun asserted his power against the mist we were
+bravely breasting a steep mountain side, spurred on by the hope of a
+good day's sport.
+
+Only one incident occurred at our start. Sir Alan was setting his face
+against a steep brae when he was stopped by the bare-legged gillie
+who acted as our guide. "Dinna gae yon gait, Sir Alan. We must win
+ower by the brig below."
+
+"Can't we get across by the stepping-stones at the ford?" inquired our
+host, impatiently. "The bridge is a mile of a round."
+
+"I dinna ken that the stanes'll be ower muckle safe, Sir Alan, forbye
+ye canna see them at a' wi' the white water swirling ower them, and
+the pool maybe ten feet deep close in under them. We mought win ower
+recht enoo, an' again we mought na--ye ken----"
+
+"Yes, I ken," interrupted Sir Alan. "We'll go round by the bridge,
+gentlemen. There's a flood in the river, it appears--a cheerful habit
+the Balmaquidder has when you least want it or expect it."
+
+By the bridge accordingly we went, and when I saw the brown water
+whirling down in swift eddies I was thankful that we had not attempted
+the stepping-stones.
+
+It was evening, and fast growing dark, when we reached the glen on our
+return, wet, tired, and hungry, but thoroughly satisfied with the
+day's result. We were stepping out briskly, for we knew we were close
+to home, when a big mountain hawk swooped right in front of us. Jones,
+who had not drawn the cartridge from his rifle, let fly on the
+instant, without remembering how small was his chance with a bullet at
+quarry on the wing. We were amusing ourselves chaffing Jones as the
+bird flew off untouched when Colonel Eyre, who was a few steps to the
+rear, pulled up short and raised his hand to signal for silence.
+
+We all heard it then--a shrill, lamentable voice ringing sharply from
+the hillside; there was no mistaking the purport of that appeal, it
+was a cry for help. But the mist was beginning to settle and the echo
+baffled us. For a moment we looked blankly at each other and around,
+not knowing whither to turn.
+
+Again the cry, "Help, help, help!" with a note of agony in it that
+stirred the blood like a trumpet. "God guide us--'tis at the foord
+above you," cried the gillie, and, tired as we were, none of us were
+far behind him when he reached the stepping-stones.
+
+They were hidden by a mass of swirling, broken water, but just below
+them lay the pool of which the guide had spoken--calm by comparison
+with the ford, but agitated nevertheless with a swift current that
+flashed between steep banks faced with granite; as ugly a place for an
+accident as might be found in the whole length of the brawling
+Balmaquidder.
+
+And an accident had happened, plainly enough. On one of the granite
+boulders knelt Mrs. Everton, leaning back with all her might against
+the drag of a plaid, one end of which she held, while the other was
+lost in the black shadows of the pool.
+
+She heard our footsteps as we ran up, but did not turn her head.
+"Help, help!" she cried again. "I can't hold on much longer, and
+he--oh----"
+
+She broke off with a sob, as strong hands relieved her of the
+extemporized life-line, and Colonel Eyre, bending forward, peered down
+into the obscurity of the pool. I was one of those who had grasped the
+shore end of the plaid, and the strain told me that whoever was below
+still maintained his grasp. "Can you hold on another moment?" asked
+the colonel; then, without waiting for a reply, "Cling close for dear
+life. Now, boys, gently does it. A steady, slow pull--no jerking;" and
+in another moment the dripping, half-senseless form of Tom Everton was
+drawn out on the bank, his drowning grip of the plaid still
+unloosened, and laid beside the fainting form of his wife.
+
+"It was this way," Tom explained some hours later, when we were all
+assembled for our usual smoking-room symposium. "I dare say I was
+pretty cross all day, thinking of the sport you fellows were having,
+and all I was missing, and towards evening my wife suggested that we
+should walk out and try to meet you. We kept along the river up to
+the stepping-stones, but the crossing there looked so bad that my wife
+would not hear of my attempting it. I did not think it so very
+dangerous, but I dare say I'd have let her have her own way----"
+
+"As you usually do," interjected Jones.
+
+"----when all of a sudden I heard a shot close by on the other side.
+Then I started over at once. I've been across the ford a dozen times,
+but before I had taken three steps I found the stream was too strong
+for me. I tried to turn back, but the current seemed to whirl me right
+off my feet; I went sliding over the slippery stones, and in two
+seconds I was soused well over my head into the pool below, and
+spinning round like a troll in a brook. I tried to grasp hold of
+something on the bank, but that was the only result"--showing his
+lacerated hands--"and I think I must have been very close to kingdom
+come, when something or another flapped in my face. I clutched it and
+hung on like grim death; it was Jenny's plaid, which she had the
+presence of mind to fling me and the pluck and strength to hold on to
+till you came to help. God bless her, I say"--Tom's voice faltered a
+little--"she's a wife to be proud of; and the next time she has a
+dream and wants me to stay at home, she shan't have to ask me twice."
+
+"Oh, by the by, the dream!" broke in Sir Alan. "Is this accident to
+Tom to be regarded as the fulfilment of his wife's dream or not?"
+
+"Mrs. Everton's dream was a warning," said the colonel. "I should say
+that, having profited by the warning----"
+
+"But stay," I argued, "did she profit by the warning? She persuaded
+her husband to stay at home. Now, if he had gone with us he would have
+crossed by the bridge and been as safe as any of us. The dream did not
+save him. On the contrary, it very nearly drowned him."
+
+"She acted for the best, and all's well that ends well," replied the
+colonel. "Look at my dream, now. If I had not gone to my wife's help
+and shot that tiger I should never have seen her again. No, no, as I
+said before, you can't expect these warnings to be printed out in big
+type. You must just take them as they come, and chance your reading
+them aright."
+
+"And come within an ace of drowning yourself, or some one else,"
+interjected Jones.
+
+"It only bears out the old saying that 'Dreams go by contraries,'" I
+remarked. "Still, these are a very remarkable pair of coincidences."
+
+"Here's my view," said Sir Alan. "Eat light suppers, go to bed
+healthily tired, and you won't dream at all; or, if you must, forget
+all about it as soon as possible. You can torture a warning out of
+almost anything, and make yourself wretched trying to find out where
+the hidden danger is, and very likely rush right into it, as Everton
+did, trying to avoid it. Half the time dreams do go by contraries, and
+it's dangerous meddling with what we don't understand."
+
+And by the time the spirit case had completed its next round, we all
+agreed with Sir Alan.
+
+
+
+
+THE TABLES TURNED.
+
+BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.
+
+
+  Up! up, my friend! and quit your books,
+    Or surely you'll grow double;
+  Up! up, my friend! and clear your looks;
+    Why all this toil and trouble?
+
+  The sun, above the mountain's head,
+    A freshening lustre mellow
+  Through all the long, green fields has spread,
+    His first sweet evening yellow.
+
+  Books! 'tis a dull and endless strife;
+    Come, hear the woodland linnet--
+  How sweet his music! on my life,
+    There's more of wisdom in it!
+
+  And hark! how blithe the throstle sings!
+    He, too, is no mean preacher;
+  Come forth into the light of things--
+    Let Nature be your teacher.
+
+  She has a world of ready wealth,
+    Our minds and hearts to bless;
+  Spontaneous wisdom breathed by health,
+    Truth breathed by cheerfulness.
+
+  One impulse from a vernal wood
+    May teach you more of man,
+  Of moral evil and of good,
+    Than all the sages can.
+
+  Sweet is the lore which Nature brings;
+    Our meddling intellect
+  Misshapes the beauteous forms of things--
+    We murder to dissect.
+
+  Enough of Science and of Art;
+    Close up those barren leaves;
+  Come forth, and bring with you a heart
+    That watches and receives.
+
+
+
+
+PASTEUR AT HOME.
+
+WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORK DONE AT THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE IN PARIS.
+
+BY IDA M. TARBELL.
+
+
+"Institut Pasteur." The coachman nodded. The cab door slammed. The
+vehicle rattled across the Seine, left the grand boulevards, passed
+the garden of the Luxembourg, and fell into a long, narrow street
+running off into the southwestern corner of Paris. The high, dignified
+house-fronts and the stately portals were soon passed; busy little
+shops took their place. We were in an industrial quarter whose
+commonplace was only varied here and there by a fine old _hôtel_, the
+country house of some rich proprietor, probably, in the days, not so
+very long ago, when all this portion of the city was without the
+walls, and when an industrial invasion was undreamed of.
+
+The cab left the Rue Vaugirard, crossed a superb boulevard, entered
+the Rue Dutot, and stopped. Behind a long, high, black _grille_, and
+separated from it by a hedge of shrubbery, a grass plot, and a broad
+gravelled drive-way, rose a red-brick, stone-trimmed façade. Across
+the front, above the handsome doorway, one read _Institut Pasteur_;
+and, still higher, _Subscription Publique, MDCCCLXXXVIII_.
+
+On the grass plot in front of the stately marble steps stood a small
+bronze statue mounted on a high granite pedestal. It represented a boy
+of twelve or fourteen years in a life-and-death struggle with a mad
+dog. He has succeeded in fastening about the neck of the furious
+animal the thong of a long whip. He is strangling him. Beside the boy,
+or the ground, is a wooden shoe. With it he will beat the beast to
+death. The statue tells the story of one of the earliest subjects
+treated by M. Pasteur for hydrophobia, Jean-Baptiste Jupille, a
+shepherd lad, who, seeing a group of children attacked by a mad dog,
+throttled the animal and beat it dead with his _sabot_. He carried
+away a dozen or more bites from the conflict, was sent to Paris,
+inoculated, and cured. A fitting subject to place before the doorway
+of the Pasteur Institute!
+
+[Illustration: THE STATUE OF JUPILLE.]
+
+Statue, façade and lawn are new. The bricks have not yet lost their
+glare. One can almost see the dust still on the stone. The bronze has
+not lost its fresh lustre. Even the lawn has the unevenness of new
+sod, the horse-chestnut trees are small, the ivy has not had time to
+climb far up the walls.
+
+Everything is still and sealed in front, but to the right, from the
+_concierge's_ lodge back to a solid, practical, dark stone building
+in the rear of the main hall, is a throng of idle people, chatting in
+clusters, sunning themselves on the benches, walking up and down. It
+is a strikingly cosmopolitan company. There are Arabs in red, brown,
+blue, or white; Italian women in aprons and lace head-dresses; Spanish
+peasants in dark cloaks and broad-brimmed hats; Yankees, Zouaves,
+Russians. The low babel of a multitude of tongues fills the air.
+
+One only brushes the edge of this crowd as he makes his way to the
+doorway in the end of the main building, the entrance to the private
+apartment of M. Pasteur.
+
+Narrow winding stairs lead up to a suite of lofty rooms, furnished
+with solid, dignified woods, carpeted with soft, dark rugs, windows
+and doors hung with heavy stuffs. The immediate impression is one of
+comfort, warmth and quiet. The impression deepens as one enters the
+library, where, before a desk, sits the great French savant, Madame
+Pasteur near by. There is something home-like here. This might be the
+sitting-room of some well-to-do New England squire or judge.
+Involuntarily one searches in the face of the eminent savant, eying
+him so keenly and so kindly, for traces of relationship with the
+Puritan type. There is the same square determination, the same
+obstinacy of purpose, the same direct sincerity; but it is mellowed by
+Latin tenderness, kindled by French brilliancy.
+
+This is a great man, one feels instinctively--a man so great that he
+despises notoriety--and a journalist. It is reassuring.
+
+[Illustration: THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE.]
+
+The great master does not look to be seventy years of age as he sits
+behind his desk, his elbow on the table, his hand supporting his head.
+His hair and beard are still iron-gray; the hair is concealed largely
+by the silk skullcap he always wears, but the beard is abundant. The
+eyes are as penetrating, as full of ardor, as ever. It is only when he
+speaks or moves that one sees the ravages of the paralysis which
+overtook him twenty-five years ago, after his terrible three years of
+labor in the little house at Alais, investigating the disease of the
+silk-worm. The whole left side has been since then nearly useless. His
+speech is hesitating, his motion difficult, but in spite of his
+feebleness he spares no pains to interest his guest. One talks with M.
+Pasteur with the ease and naturalness of the fireside.
+
+"Look at my birthplace," he says, rising, and taking from the mantel
+a photograph of the humble home at Dôle, Jura, where he was born. "My
+village gave it to me at my _fête_."
+
+I happen to know the story of the picture, and examine it with
+pleasure. There was, indeed, no more touching feature in the great
+Pasteur jubilee of last December than the presentation of this
+photograph by the Mayor of Dôle.
+
+The little village has always had a loyal pride in the fact that M.
+Pasteur was born there. Ten years ago it celebrated the French Fourth
+of July (July 14) by placing a plaque on the façade of the house,
+bearing the inscription:
+
+                       ICI EST NÉ LOUIS PASTEUR,
+                           LE 22 DEC., 1822.
+
+M. Pasteur was present and made a speech. In the course of it he
+referred to his parents, their ambition for him, their self-sacrifice,
+their faith in him. He recalled his father's words: "Louis, if I see
+you one day a professor in the college of Arbois I shall be the
+happiest man on earth." Overpowered by his recollections, he broke
+down, sobbing.
+
+The villagers of Dôle have never forgotten the scene. When the great
+Pasteur jubilee was celebrated they sent up their mayor, commissioned
+to present the picture of the early home, together with a facsimile of
+the register of M. Pasteur's birth. That they were not mistaken in
+thinking that he would be pleased, it is easy to see as he stands
+before me, eying the humble house with tender pride.
+
+[Illustration: THE LODGE.]
+
+"Have you no picture of yourself taken in your boyhood at Dôle?"
+
+"No," he answered. "The earliest picture I have is much later. Let me
+see, I must have been decorated then. Where is the old album?"
+
+The album is brought, a small square book, looking as if it had just
+come off the table in the best room of a New England farm-house. There
+is the same high-relief decoration, the same gilt lines edging the
+photograph apertures. And these people? Verily, they might have lived
+in New England forty years ago!
+
+M. Pasteur turns the leaves. Madame Pasteur leans over his shoulder.
+They stop now and then and exchange a smile as they come upon an old
+friend. At last the sought-for photograph is found. M. Pasteur at
+thirty--a great man already, for already he has made discoveries in
+crystallography which have won him a name among scientists.
+
+The plans for investigation which filled the head of the young man who
+sits up so straight in the old photograph were never completed. The
+enthusiastic student of crystallography was forced to change the
+subject of his studies. Even now the great savant laments the change.
+
+"If I have a regret," he says, "it is that I did not follow that
+route, less rude, it seems to me, and which would have led, I am
+convinced, to wonderful discoveries. A sudden turn threw me into the
+study of fermentations, fermentations set me at diseases, but I am
+still inconsolable to think that I have never had time to go back to
+my old subject."
+
+Beside the hero of the studies in crystallography M. Pasteur places
+his latest picture. It lacks in youthfulness, but it has gained in
+ripeness. This photograph has much of the vigor and the alertness one
+sees in the splendid bust by Paul Dubois displayed in the Salon of
+1880, and now in a gallery at Copenhagen. This bust is the most
+satisfactory portrait of M. Pasteur ever made, unless it be the
+painting by Edelfelt displayed in the Salon of 1886. In the same Salon
+appeared Bonnat's portrait of M. Pasteur and his granddaughter.
+
+[Illustration: M. PASTEUR IN HIS SALON.]
+
+As I look at M. Pasteur in his library, however, I see only the
+old model of Bonnat. I have difficulty in believing, indeed, as I
+watch him bending smilingly over the old album, now and then
+laughing aloud at the discovery of some forgotten picture, that
+this man, over fifty years ago, for the sake of an education, made
+himself a jack-of-all-trades in the college of Besançon, and was
+aroused every morning at four o'clock with the night-watchman's cry:
+"_Come, Pasteur, chase the demon of laziness._" It is difficult to
+picture him in the intoxication of scientific enthusiasm and
+discovery, sacrificing health, leisure, pleasure, to the passion of
+learning which had taken possession of him.
+
+He is so gentle, it seems incredible that he has had to meet coldness,
+contempt, opposition of every species, in his life; that, when he
+asked the most modest of appropriations from the government, he met
+the contemptuous reply that "there was no rubric in the budget for
+allowing three hundred dollars a year for experiments;" that for every
+step in his discoveries he has had literally to fight, contending with
+Pouchet and Joly on the subject of spontaneous generation, with Liebig
+on fermentations, with the Germans and Italians on the attenuation of
+virus, with the popular opinion of his own compatriots when he dared
+vaccinate for hydrophobia, and when his supporters dared erect the
+present Institute to facilitate his work.
+
+One cannot picture him _tête-à-tête_ with mad dogs. It is hard to
+believe him capable of that astonishing self-mastery which made him
+withhold for months, and sometimes even years, the results of
+incomplete investigations, and of the equal hardihood which, when he
+was convinced of a truth, led him to accept the most severe and most
+public tests of its exactness.
+
+I make an attempt to find the scientist and venture a question.
+
+"Oh," says M. Pasteur, "if you want to know that, you must go and see
+M. Roux. You will find him in the laboratory."
+
+We rise and go into the long hall. At the opposite end from the
+library two large doors open into the spacious vestibule which
+occupies the centre of the main building.
+
+"You can go out by the main hall and directly into the laboratory, or
+down the private stairs." I hesitated. No, I would not spoil my
+impression of M. Pasteur at home. I would keep laboratory and home
+separate. I descended to the private entrance, and, as I went down,
+two kindly faces looked over at me, and the gentle, hesitating voice
+of the great savant said:
+
+"Take care, it is dark. Don't slip. Take care." On the last step I
+stopped and looked up. The two friendly faces were still looking
+down.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOUSE AT DÔLE, WHERE M. PASTEUR WAS BORN.]
+
+I had come to see the destroyer of the theory of spontaneous
+generation, the demonstrator of the microbe origin of disease, the
+conqueror of hydrophobia. I had found something greater, perhaps, than
+them all--a perfectly gentle soul.
+
+
+IN M. PASTEUR'S WORKSHOP.
+
+I crossed the lawn and entered a large waiting-room occupying the
+middle of the building devoted to laboratory work. The room is flooded
+with light, seated with benches, and decorated with no other ornaments
+than a series of photographs of the Pasteur Institute at Rio
+Janeiro, two great maps on which are marked the cities where
+institutions similar to this at Paris are to be found, and cards
+containing certain rules applicable to patients coming for treatment
+against hydrophobia. Among these latter the important ones are that
+the treatment is gratuitous, that each patient must bathe before
+coming for inoculation, that board and lodging are not furnished, and
+that the grateful may, if they wish, leave a gift at the end of
+their term of treatment.
+
+There were sixty or seventy persons in the room. They had come to be
+vaccinated against hydrophobia. They were of the greatest contrast in
+age, in condition, in culture. Beside a shrivelled, leather-brown Arab
+woman from the desert was a pink and white little miss from London. A
+young man with the refined face, correct dress and distinguished
+manners of a gentleman sat beside a huge and none-too-clean German
+laborer. As a rule, it was a friendly, cheerful company. It was only
+here and there that one saw a person who seemed conscious that in his
+veins a hideous poison was at work. Most of them took it for granted
+that their cure was certain. Some of them scoffed at the nonsense of
+going to the trouble of being vaccinated.
+
+A dignified liveried servant entered, calling "Attention." The company
+bestirred itself and disappeared. I made my way to the inoculating
+room.
+
+The operation of inoculating for hydrophobia is founded on the theory
+that if an "attenuated" microbe, that is a microbe so treated that its
+power of doing harm has been reduced to a low degree, is introduced
+into a body, it will produce an indisposition which is not itself
+serious, but which is sufficient to render the body proof against
+attacks of the original microbe.
+
+Now M. Pasteur has discovered that it is possible to so treat a
+microbe that its power of evil is of any degree; that is, to "exalt"
+as well as to "attenuate" it. Having these microbes of varying
+strengths he invented a method of graduated vaccination; that is, by
+beginning with a virus of low degree, and increasing each day the
+strength of the virus, an operator arrives at a point where he can
+vaccinate a body with a virus stronger than there is any danger of its
+ever being exposed to in nature. He thus secures lasting immunity.
+
+Thus, in vaccinating against rabies, the patient is treated first with
+a weak virus; this is followed by one more powerful, and so on, until
+at the end a highly "exalted" one is injected safely.
+
+[Illustration: M. PASTEUR AT THIRTY.]
+
+It is this treatment which is practised daily at the Pasteur
+Institute, in the inoculation room where I found myself.
+
+Gathered in a kind of pen formed by a little fence were three members
+of the institution: a secretary, whose business it is to keep track of
+the number of persons to be treated with each particular virus; an
+assistant, who has prepared the virus for the day's use; twelve small
+wine glasses of cloudy liquid protected by small paper funnels; and,
+by a table, the inoculator. The roll was called and a half dozen men
+entered the room. They were to be inoculated with a virus of the
+lowest strength, most of them for the first time. They showed a
+bewildered and comic embarrassment as the attendant directed them to
+bare the hypogastrium. The embarrassment changed to a momentary look
+of distress as they felt their arms pinned behind their backs, and the
+sharp needle injected a syringeful of virus into the delicate flesh.
+The first class of men and boys passed out, and the women and little
+children entered. They were succeeded by a second class, and so on
+until all had been treated.
+
+The simplicity of the operation seemed out of proportion to the horror
+of the disease. I remembered the shrugs I had seen and the doubts I
+had heard expressed over the treatment. "It is not sure yet." "It does
+not always work; such-a-one died, you know." "They have not found the
+microbe either." My faith was shaking. Evidently I must see Doctor
+Roux.
+
+On the second floor of the building I found the office and private
+laboratory of the under-director of the Pasteur Institute, a man
+whose researches in connection with Pasteur, whose devotion in the
+cholera mission in Egypt in 1883, and whose independent investigations
+on diphtheria, have made him famous in the medical world. The office
+was small, and it had something of the attraction of a curio shop.
+There was none of the precision of the man of small affairs here. It
+was the confusion of the man of big affairs, who cannot endure to have
+his things meddled with. Over a table where culture tubes, blow-pipes,
+virus glasses and bottles filled with suspicious-looking fluids were
+scattered promiscuously around a valuable microscope, hung a gem of a
+painting--a dashing charge of cavalry. Beside a case of books, and
+partly concealing a fine portrait of Pasteur, hung the gray-white
+laboratory blouses of M. Roux. Under an exquisite etching askew in a
+corner stood a cage of brown-and-white guinea-pigs, martyrs to
+science, probably.
+
+[Illustration: AT THE JUBILEE OF M. PASTEUR. THE PRESIDENT OF THE
+REPUBLIC WELCOMING M. PASTEUR IN THE AMPHITHEATRE OF THE OLD SORBONNE.]
+
+Curiosity was cut short, for a quick step was heard in the outer room,
+and Doctor Roux entered. A slight figure, bent a little from a life
+spent over books, tubes and microscopes, but tingling to the
+finger-tips with nervous energy; a face a little pale, but fresh in
+color; brown hair and beard, glowing brown eyes, perhaps forty
+years--such is this eminent associate of Pasteur. As he runs over the
+pile of letters cut and awaiting him, he talks.
+
+"So you have just seen the inoculation? Do I believe it a sure cure?"
+The doctor lays down his letters as he repeats the latter question in
+an astonished tone. "Of course I do. There is nothing surer in medical
+science. Look at these figures." He rises and draws out from the midst
+of a pile of papers a big black _serviette_, fumbles for a moment
+among the documents it contains, and pulls out the latest report made
+by the Institute on the results of vaccination for hydrophobia, that
+for 1891.
+
+"Now listen to these figures. In 1886 the Pasteur made its first
+report: 2,671 persons were vaccinated that year against hydrophobia;
+25 of them died--.94 of one per cent. In 1887, 1,770 persons were
+treated; 13 died--.73 of one per cent. In 1888, 1,622 were treated; 9
+died--.55 of one per cent. In 1889, 1,830 were treated; 7 died--.38 of
+one per cent. In 1890, 1,540 were treated; 5 died--.32 of one per
+cent. In 1891, 1,559 were treated; 3 died--.19 of one per cent. You
+notice each year the per cent. of deaths has been lower. In the six
+years the treatment has been reported, we average just about one-half
+of one per cent of loss. Tell me where you find a treatment surer?"
+
+"But you have not found the microbe?"
+
+"Humph! that does not prevent the method working. It is aggravating
+not to have found him. It prevents, possibly, the simplification of
+the inoculation process. Nevertheless it works. So does vaccination
+for small-pox. We do not know the microbe of small-pox. There is much
+we do not know yet. Remember, too, that it was only in 1880 that M.
+Pasteur made up his mind to begin an exhaustive study of hydrophobia,
+and that all he foresaw at first was the possibility of vaccinating
+dogs against rabies, and that it was only in 1885 that the first
+person, little Joseph Meister, was inoculated, after a council of
+physicians had decided that his death was certain, and that his life
+was saved."
+
+
+PORTRAITS OF M. PASTEUR.
+
+[Illustration: BY LAFON.]
+
+[Illustration: BUST BY P. DUBOIS.]
+
+[Illustration: BY BONNAT.]
+
+[Illustration: BY A. EDELFALT.]
+
+The newness of the Pasteur doctrines and treatment is, indeed, one of
+the most striking things about the Institute. One rubs his eyes to
+remember that, thirteen years ago, very few people admitted the _rôle_
+of bacteria in the world, and that those who did admit their existence
+were very much at sea about what to do with them.
+
+The doctrine of microbe, the theory that ferments and virus are living
+beings, that a vaccine is an attenuated virus, that medicine is based
+on the artificial attenuation of virus--all this is now so widely
+received, is so thoroughly a part of popular belief, that one is
+bewildered in remembering that twelve years ago the general theory of
+disease was that it is "in us, from us, by us." Especially is all this
+astonishing, standing in the Pasteur Institute, the crystallization of
+the microbe doctrine.
+
+"Yes," continued Doctor Roux, "we have conquered hydrophobia; nothing
+is more certain."
+
+"And you hope to conquer other diseases in the same way?"
+
+The doctor made a fine nervous gesture. "In science one does not hope;
+one proves. In every thirty thousand experiments one succeeds. We
+study diseases here. Each physician has his special line of
+investigation. We hope for nothing. We simply report what we find."
+
+"But you yourself, Doctor Roux, have certainly hopes that diphtheria
+is almost conquered?"
+
+The doctor pursed up his mouth.
+
+"The investigations in diphtheria are in just this condition. We have
+proved at the Pasteur Institute" (Doctor Roux is modest and says 'we,'
+which means himself and his assistant, M. Versin) "that diphtheria is
+a toxic disease; that is, that it results from a poison. The microbe
+of diphtheria does not penetrate throughout the system as in the case
+of most other microbic diseases. It exists only in the mucus found on
+the pharynx. This microbe does not cause death, but it secretes a
+poison which penetrates throughout the body and kills. This being
+proved, of course the next step is to find what will destroy the
+poison.
+
+"Doctor Behring, working at Berlin, has found that the blood of
+animals vaccinated for diphtheria gives a therapeutic serum which
+destroys the diphtheric poison. We are now testing the practical value
+of the serum at the Institute. This is absolutely our 'last word' on
+diphtheria."
+
+"And as for cholera! What is the last word?"
+
+"The _bacillus virgula_ of Doctor Koch is believed, by the great
+majority of savants, to be the true cholera germ. We are trying
+here, as experimenters are trying elsewhere, to give immunity to
+animals against the microbe. It is absolutely all that one can say
+authoritatively on the cholera."
+
+"And the method of vaccination which Doctor Haffkine believes he has
+discovered?"
+
+"It has not been proved yet that it will give immunity. Until we have
+that proof we neither hope nor fear. We simply work and wait. Doctor
+Haffkine has, you know, severed his connection with the Pasteur
+Institute and gone to India to continue his researches."
+
+"But he has had faith enough in his method to try its effects on
+himself, has he not?"
+
+"Very true, and so have perhaps a hundred others tried its effects.
+But that proves nothing."
+
+There is a self-repression about these severe statements which has
+something of the heroic in it. Who would be so glad to announce
+absolute safeguards against diphtheria and cholera as this man who has
+risked his life to find them? Yet, until he is sure, he will not even
+say "hope."
+
+I remember the words of Pasteur himself: "To believe that one has
+found an important scientific fact, to be in a fever to announce it,
+to compel one's self for days, weeks, sometimes years, to be silent,
+to force one's self to destroy his own experiments and to announce
+nothing until he has exhausted all contrary hypotheses--that is
+hard."
+
+It is hard, but it is one of the strongest elements in the Pasteur
+spirit of scientific research. Evidently Doctor Roux has learned to
+practise it vigorously.
+
+"In the same way that we are investigating diphtheria and cholera,"
+continues the doctor, "we are studying other diseases. But one cannot
+get a fair idea of what the Pasteur Institute does by any other means
+than looking at its organizations. There is a great deal done here
+besides original investigation. In the first place, we are an
+absolutely independent and free institution. The money was given by
+popular subscription and without conditions.
+
+"The entire lower floor is devoted to practical work. There are
+performed the inoculations for hydrophobia on an average of some
+seventy a day. The practical department is not, however, confined to
+the treatment of hydrophobia. There are prepared the vaccines for all
+those diseases of animals which M. Pasteur has proved can be cured by
+inoculation, such as chicken cholera, splenic fever, and _rouget_ of
+swine.
+
+[Illustration: A GROUP OF PATIENTS.]
+
+"Quantities of virus are sold constantly to farmers for vaccinating
+their stock. It is these sales which help support the institution. It
+is an example of science living by science.
+
+"Here on this floor we do our instructing. In the lecture hall across
+the way M. Ducloux gives his lessons on microbic chemistry, studies
+the process of fermentation, microbic poisons, all phases, in short,
+of biological chemistry.
+
+"My work is lectures on, and experiments illustrating, the technique
+of the microbic method. Those who follow the courses are divided into
+two classes, students who simply follow the courses and repeat the
+experiments in the general laboratory, and the savants who conduct
+original researches here. The latter are furnished each with a private
+laboratory in the third story. Here for a merely nominal rent they can
+have the exclusive use of a laboratory furnished with all necessary
+apparatus, and can pursue whatever class of investigation pleases
+them."
+
+"And you have many students?"
+
+"We have always fifteen or twenty, and from all parts of the world.
+Look at my roll."
+
+The doctor rose and drew out from the mass of pamphlets and papers on
+his table a big roll-book.
+
+"I have the names of those who have taken my lectures. Here is an
+Egyptian, many Russians, a Turk, numbers from South America, from
+Canada, from the East, from everywhere. Let us look for your
+compatriots."
+
+Doctor Roux ran his finger down the pages. "Here is one, Doctor
+Orchinard of New Orleans. Here another, Doctor Tabadie of New York;
+and then there is Kenyoun of the United States Marine Service. But
+there have been more students in the institution from South America
+than from North.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBRARY.]
+
+"The department of original work is in the third story, and is under
+Doctor Metchnikoff, who is, you know, a Russian who has established
+himself here in order to devote himself to scientific investigation.
+Doctor Metchnikoff is aided by his wife, who acts as _preparateur_.
+She is an assistant of great skill and delicacy. He receives no salary
+for his labor. There are, in fact, three of the leading members of our
+faculty who receive no salary--M. Pasteur himself, M. Ducloux, and M.
+Metchnikoff. They have resigned the award they deserve because of our
+insufficient income."
+
+"But the common opinion is that you are rich here."
+
+"I know, but it is a mistake. The Pasteur Institute is very poorly
+endowed. Its yearly income is only about twenty-four thousand dollars.
+This revenue comes from three sources: the small appropriations made
+by the government, the income from the remnant of the private
+subscription with which it was built, and the product of the sales of
+vaccine. The fact that we can partly support ourselves," added the
+doctor, laughingly, "is the best proof one can have of the
+practicability of bacteriology.
+
+"The most surprising feature about it is, that in the case of almost
+every institution copied after us, and there are some eighteen or
+twenty of them in various parts of the world, the income is much
+larger than ours. At Berlin and St. Petersburg the incomes are four or
+five times as large as ours, and, excepting Berlin, we are the only
+Pasteur Institute doing practical work. It is the old story," said the
+doctor resignedly, "one sows and another reaps."
+
+[Illustration: M. ROUX.]
+
+There is certainly injustice and short-sightedness in such a state of
+things. The investigations of Pasteur have taken too heavy a bundle
+from the load of horrors which humanity carries, to be allowed to be
+limited for lack of money:
+
+Immunity from infectious diseases, and nothing else is the logical
+outcome of the Pasteur doctrines, means too much to make economy on
+the part of purse-holders excusable, when it is a question of funds
+for the investigations. When men like Doctor Roux and his associates,
+men trained in the severe Pasteur spirit and passionate for truth, are
+ready to sacrifice their lives to this work, overcoming the earth's
+plagues, money is the last thing they should be wanting. Especially is
+this true now, when the work on two of the most terrible scourges of
+humanity--diphtheria and cholera--stands at critical stages.
+
+There is something harshly ironical, too, in the idea that the
+institution of Louis Pasteur, whose discoveries have, declares
+Professor Huxley, made good the war indemnity of five thousand million
+francs paid by France to Germany, should be crippled for funds.
+
+The doctor's confidences were cut short by an imperative summons from
+without. I rose to go.
+
+"Take a stroll through the building," advised he as he said good-by. I
+followed his advice.
+
+[Illustration: DOSING THE VIRUS.]
+
+From the library one naturally passes to the laboratories. They open
+from the long halls in numbers. One wonders how so much room can be
+utilized, but none seems to be going to waste. In each some step of
+the microbic process is going on. Here is a doctor inoculating a
+rabbit with the poison of a mad dog sent to the Institute only the day
+before. The little animal lies on the table insensible, chloroformed,
+while with the sharp-toothed little trephine the operator makes a tiny
+hole in its skull, lays bare the brain, and inserts the virus. By the
+time the aperture is closed Brer Rabbit is sitting up, looking about,
+none the worse for his experience, save a bald spot on his forehead,
+a tiny tin tag covered with hieroglyphics hanging from his ear. Two
+minutes later he was nibbling a carrot; fifteen days later he died
+"mad as a March hare."
+
+It is not only rabbits which undergo this operation. Guinea-pigs,
+chickens, mice and rats are used in quantities. In the laboratory of
+autopsy there are to be seen aquariums filled with the dainty axolotl
+of Mexico, glasses of odd fish, even cages of birds.
+
+In another room an experimenter is dissecting a rabbit which has died
+of rabies, and from whose spinal cord he expects to get material for
+vaccinal virus.
+
+[Illustration: DR. METCHNIKOFF IN HIS LABORATORY.]
+
+In a small dark room, whose temperature is never allowed to vary,
+which is never swept nor dusted for fear of arousing tranquil
+microbes, and whose door is never opened except when absolutely
+necessary, are arranged rows of drying bottles, in which hang bits of
+the marrow. These bottles are marked with the degree of violence of
+the rabies from which the animal died, and with the date when the
+marrow was put up to dry.
+
+Here, attendants are preparing the veal broth and the gelatines in
+which the infected marrows will be cultivated.
+
+[Illustration: FILLING THE SYRINGES.]
+
+Thus as one goes from room to room he can follow the whole method of
+successive cultures, that method which is "the key-stone of the arch,
+and without which there could be no vigorous demonstration of the
+Pasteur method."
+
+On every hand one sees the interesting "ways of doing things" which
+characterize the Institute. Here, the cleaning of jars, syringes and
+tubes is going on; not a simple washing and drying. In the Pasteur
+household articles are sterilized as well as cleaned--that is, burned
+in the flames of a spirit lamp, or in an oven. There, a man is blowing
+bulbs, droll balloon pipettes, all the multitude of glass contrivances
+the laboratories demand. Here, under a microscope, an investigator has
+the diphtheria pest, an inoffensive speck; there, another has in his
+field a whole colony of lively little straight and bent sticks; it is
+a company of Doctor Koch's cholera microbes.
+
+Wherever one goes in the building there is a busy intentness, an
+absorption, an absolute blindness to everything but the work in hand,
+be it the contents of a culture tube, or the film on a microscope
+slide. One can easily believe of these workers the story told of M.
+Pasteur himself, that he had to be hunted up on his wedding morning
+and pulled away from his microscope, in order to be got into his
+dress-coat and gloves in time for the ceremony.
+
+Evidently, too, they have not forgotten the words their master spoke
+on the day of the inauguration of the Institute:
+
+"All the enthusiasm you have had since the beginning, my dear
+co-laborers, I beg of you to keep; but give it, as an inseparable
+companion, a severe control. Announce nothing that you cannot prove in
+a simple, decisive fashion.
+
+"Cultivate the critical spirit. Left to itself it neither awakens
+ideas nor stimulates to great deeds, but without it all is lost."
+
+As one goes from room to room, and talks with one and another of the
+busy, courteous savants, he realizes finally that it is here that
+Pasteur the scientist is to be found. The labors that made the great
+savant famous are all summed up here. Here his methods are at work,
+here is his spirit alive in the men who have best comprehended him,
+and whom he has been able most deeply to inspire. It is a great thing
+to achieve. It is a greater thing to inspire others to achieve. Louis
+Pasteur has done both.
+
+[Illustration: THE RABBITS' QUARTERS.]
+
+
+
+
+STRANGER THAN FICTION.
+
+HUGH BRONTË'S COURTSHIP. THE ELOPEMENT OF HUGH BRONTË AND ALICE MCCLORY.
+
+Unpublished Chapters from "The Brontës in Ireland."
+
+BY DOCTOR WILLIAM WRIGHT.
+
+  NOTE.--"The Brontës in Ireland" will be issued in book form by D.
+  Appleton & Co., after the serial publication is concluded in
+  MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+
+I. LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.
+
+The visit to McClory's in County Down was another momentous step in
+the life of Hugh Brontë. He had shaken off the nightmare of cruel
+slavery. His work, mostly in the open air, suited him. He was well
+paid, had good food and clothing, and in two years the starved and
+ragged boy had become a large, handsome, well-dressed man. Like most
+handsome people, Hugh knew that he was handsome, and the resources of
+Dundalk were taxed in those days to the utmost to set off to
+perfection his manly and stately figure.
+
+On Christmas Eve Hugh Brontë drove up furiously in a Newry gig to the
+house of McClory in Ballynaskeagh. He was a somewhat vain man, and
+fond of admiration, and, no doubt, as he approached McClory's thatched
+cottage, with his pockets full of money, and with the self-confidence
+which prosperity breeds, he meant to flutter the house with his
+greatness.
+
+But a surprise was in store for him. The cottage door was opened, in
+response to his somewhat boisterous knock, by a young woman of
+dazzling beauty. Hugh Brontë, previous to his flight, had seen few
+women except his Aunt Mary, and in the days of his freedom he had
+become acquainted only with lodging-house keepers and County Louth
+women who carried their fowl and eggs to Dundalk fairs and markets. He
+had scarcely ever seen a comely girl, and never in his life any one
+who had any attractions for him.
+
+The simply dressed, artless girl who opened the door was probably the
+prettiest girl in County Down at the time. The rector of Magherally,
+who married her, pronounced her the most beautiful woman he had ever
+seen. Her hair, which hung in a profusion of ringlets round her
+shoulders, was luminous gold. Her forehead was Parian marble. Her
+evenly set teeth were lustrous pearls, and the roses of health glowed
+on her cheeks. She had the long brown eyelashes that in Ireland so
+often accompany golden hair, and her deep brown eyes had the violet
+tint and melting expression which, in a diluted form, descended to her
+granddaughters, and made the plain and irregular faces of the Brontë
+girls really attractive. The eyes also contained the lambent fire that
+Mrs. Gaskell noticed in Charlotte's eyes, ready to flash indignation
+and scorn. She had a tall and stately figure, with head well poised
+above a graceful neck and well-formed bust; but she did not
+communicate these graces of form to her granddaughters. There are
+people still living who remember the stately old woman, "Alys Brontë,"
+as she was called by her neighbors in her old age.
+
+Hugh Brontë was completely unmanned by the radiant beauty of the
+simple country girl who stood before him. He stood awkwardly staring
+at her with his mouth open, working with his hat, and trying in vain
+to say something. At last he stammered out a question about Mr.
+McClory, and the girl, who was Alice McClory, told him that her
+brother would soon be home, and invited him into the house.
+
+He entered, blushing and feeling uncomfortable, but the unaffected
+simplicity of Alice McClory's manner soon put him at his ease, and
+before the brother Patrick, known afterwards as "Red Paddy," had
+returned home, he was madly and hopelessly in love with his sister.
+
+Like his son, the Reverend Patrick Brontë, in England, and like the
+Irish curate who proposed marriage to Charlotte on the strength of one
+night's acquaintance, Hugh, dazzled by beauty and blinded by love,
+declared his passion before he had discovered any signs of mutual
+liking, or had any evidence that his advances would be agreeable.
+
+Alice, in simple, but cold and business-like manner, told him that she
+did not yet know him; but that as he was a Protestant, and she a
+Catholic, there was an insuperable bar between them.
+
+Hugh urged that he himself had no religion, never having darkened a
+church door, and that he was quite willing to be anything she wished
+him to be.
+
+Alice met his earnest pleadings with playful sallies which
+disconcerted him, and little by little she led him to the story of his
+life, episodes of which she had heard from her brother. Pity melts the
+heart to love, and Alice was moved greatly by Hugh's simple
+narrative.
+
+
+II. PURE LOVE AND PARTY STRIFE.
+
+The Christmas holidays passed pleasantly under the hospitable roof of
+the McClory family. The chief amusement of the neighborhood was
+drinking in the shebeen, or local public house, but Hugh declined to
+accompany Paddy to the shebeen, preferring solitude with his sister.
+
+Before the holidays had come to a close, Hugh and Alice had become
+engaged, but the course of true love in their case was destined to the
+proverbial fate. All Miss McClory's friends were scandalized at the
+thought of her consenting to marry a Protestant.
+
+Religion, among Catholics and Orangemen, in those days, consisted
+largely of party hatred. He was a good Protestant who, sober as well
+as drunk, cursed the Pope, and on the 12th of July wore orange colors,
+and played with fife and drum a tune known as "The Battle of the
+Boyne." And he was a good Catholic who, in whatever condition, used
+equally emphatic language regarding King William. No more genuine
+expression of religious feeling was looked for on either side.
+
+There is a story told in the McClory district which illustrates the
+current religious sentiment. Two brother Orangemen, good men after
+their lights, had long been fast friends. They seldom missed an
+opportunity, in the presence of Catholics, of consigning the Pope to
+an uncomfortable place, to which he himself has been wont to consign
+heretics.
+
+It happened that one of the two Orangemen fell sick, and when he was
+at the point of death his friend became greatly concerned about his
+spiritual state, and visited him. He found him in an unconscious
+condition, and sinking fast; and putting his lips close to the ear of
+his sick friend, he asked him to give him a sign that he felt
+spiritually happy. The dying man, with a last supreme effort, raised
+his voice above a whisper, and in the venerable and well-known formula
+cursed the Pope. His friend was comforted, believing that all was
+well.
+
+Whether this gruesome story be true or not, it goes to illustrate the
+fact that blasphemous bigotry had largely usurped the place of
+religion. But bitter party feeling did not end with mere words. Bloody
+battles between Orangemen and Catholics were periodically fought on
+the 12th of July, the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, and on
+the 17th of March, Saint Patrick's day. Within six miles of McClory's
+house more than a dozen pitched battles were fought, sometimes with
+scythes tied on poles, and sometimes with firearms. One of these
+murderous onsets, known as the battle of Ballynafern, took place
+within sight of McClory's house.
+
+At Dolly's Brae a battle was fought in 1849, in presence of a large
+body of troops, who remained neutral spectators of the conflict till
+the Catholics fled, and then joined with the victors in firing on the
+flying foe.
+
+The scenes of these struggles, such as Tillyorier, Katesbridge,
+Hilltown, The Diamond, etc., are classic spots now. Each has had its
+poet, and ballads are sung to celebrate the prowess of the victors,
+who were uniformly the Orangemen, inasmuch as they used firearms,
+while the Catholics generally fought with pikes and scythes.
+
+Hugh Brontë had not yet discovered the deep and wide gulf that yawned
+between Protestants and Catholics, and so he made light of the
+religious objections of which he had heard so much from Alice. But the
+Catholic friends of Miss McClory, who had heard the Pope cursed by
+Protestant lips almost every day of their lives, could not stand by
+and see a Catholic lamb removed into the Protestant shambles. They
+came to look on Brontë as a Protestant emissary, more influenced by a
+fiendish desire to plunder the Catholic fold than by love for their
+beautiful relative.
+
+Hugh Brontë, in his eager simplicity, wanted to supersede all
+opposition by getting married immediately, but so great a commotion
+ensued that he had to return to the kilns at Mount Pleasant, leaving
+his matrimonial prospects in a very unsatisfactory condition.
+
+Troops of relatives invaded the McClory house daily, and ardent
+Catholics tried in vain to argue down Alice McClory's newly kindled
+love. All the Roman Catholic neighbors joined in giving copious
+advice, and little was talked of in fairs and markets, and at chapel,
+but the proposed marriage of Alice McClory with an unknown Protestant
+heretic.
+
+The priest, also, as family friend, was drawn into the matter. In
+those days Irish priests were educated in France or Italy, and were
+generally men of culture and refinement. Their horizon had been
+widened. They had come in contact with the language, literature, and
+social habits of other peoples, and they had become courteous men of
+the world. They had to some extent got out of touch with the fierce
+fanaticism of party strife.
+
+The priest called on Miss McClory. Everybody knew that he had, and
+awaited the result; but Alice's beauty and simplicity and tears made
+such an impression on the kind-hearted old priest that his chivalrous
+instinct was aroused, and he was almost won to the lady's side. The
+centre of the agitation then shifted from McClory's cottage to the
+priest's manse, and so hot was the anger of the infuriated Catholics
+that the good-natured priest promised, sorely against his will, that
+he would not consent to marry the pair.
+
+Hugh Brontë was nominally a Protestant, but he had not been in a
+church of any kind from the time he was five years of age. He had
+received no religious instruction. He could not read the Bible for
+himself, and no one had ever read it to him, and he was as innocent of
+any religious bias or bigotry as a savage in Central Africa. Suddenly
+he found himself the central figure in a fierce religious drama.
+
+At first he was greatly amused, and laughed at the very suggestion of
+his religion being considered a stumbling-block. From the time he left
+his father's house he had seldom heard the divine name except in some
+form of malediction, and religion had brought no consolation to his
+hard life. He had never presumed to think that he had any relationship
+to the church, its priests were so gorgeous, and its people so
+well-to-do. Gallagher had made him familiar with the dread powers of
+the infernal world, and with the "Blessed Virgin and the saints" in
+their malevolent capacity, but the malignant hypocrisy of Gallagher
+was quite as repulsive to him as the vindictive blasphemy of his
+uncle. In fact, he had lived in an atmosphere untouched by the light
+or warmth of religion.
+
+Hugh's bondage and suffering had made him neither cringing nor cruel,
+and his freedom had come in time to permit the full development of a
+large and generous heart in a robust and healthy body. In his
+simplicity of heart he prevailed on Alice to invite her friends to
+meet him. He would soon remove their dislike with regard to his
+religion. Under the impulse of his enthusiasm he thought he could
+disarm prejudice by a frank and open avowal of his absolute
+indifference to all religions.
+
+Nothing, perhaps, in the whole history of the Brontës exceeded in
+interest that meeting. A dozen wily Ulster Catholics gathered round
+simple-hearted Hugh Brontë in Paddy McClory's kitchen. How the Orange
+champions would have trembled for the Protestant cause if they had
+been aware of Hugh's danger!
+
+The preliminary salutations over, a black bottle was produced, and a
+glass of whiskey handed round. Hugh had never learned to drink
+whiskey, and, at that time, detested the very smell of it. His refusal
+to drink with McClory's friends was a first ground of offence, but the
+whiskey had not yet brought the drinkers into the quarrelsome mood.
+
+When several bottles of McClory's whiskey had been drunk, and the
+temperature of the guests had risen, the religious question was
+approached. Brontë was urged, in peremptory tones, to abjure
+Protestantism. He had his answer ready. He was no more a Protestant
+than they were, and he had no Protestantism to abjure. "Will you then
+curse King William?" said a fiery little man, who had taken much
+liquor, and seemed to be the spokesman of the party.
+
+There is a principle in human nature which has been taken far too
+little account of by both philosophers and peasants. It has been the
+dominant principle in many of the important decisions that have sealed
+the fate of nations as well as of individuals. The principle is
+expressed by a word which is always pronounced in one way by the
+cultured, and in quite a different way by the unlettered. The word in
+its illiterate use is "contr_air_yness," and but for the principle
+expressed by this word the Brontë girls would never have made their
+mark in literature, and this history would never have been written.
+
+"Curse King William," shouted the fiery little man, supported by a
+hoarse shout from the other half-tipsy guests, all of whom had turned
+fierce and glaring eyes on the supposed Protestant.
+
+"I cannot curse King William," replied Hugh, smiling. "He never did me
+any harm; besides, he is beyond the region of my blessings and
+cursings. But," added he, warming with his subject, "I should not mind
+cursing the Pope, if he is the author of your fierce and besotted
+religion."
+
+Alice first saw the danger, and uttered a sharp cry. Suddenly the
+family party sprang upon Hugh, as the ambushed Philistines once flung
+themselves on Samson, but he shook them off, and left them sprawling
+on the floor. Alice drew him from the house, bleeding and disheveled,
+and after a tender parting in the grove beside the stream, he started
+on foot for Mount Pleasant.
+
+Two immediate results followed that conflict. Hugh Brontë became a
+furious Protestant and a frantic lover. There was no lukewarmness or
+indifference as to his Protestantism. The Brontë _contrairyness_ had
+met the kind of opposition to give it a stubborn set, and he there and
+then became a Protestant, double-dyed, in the warp and in the woof.
+The process of his conversion, such as it was, was prompt, decisive,
+effectual. It was somewhat orange in hue and militant in fibre, and
+was a genuine product of the times.
+
+Hugh's love for Alice was fanned into a fierce flame by the events of
+that night. When he first met her he had been dazzled by her rare
+beauty. He had seen few women, and never one like Alice. For the first
+time he had come under the spell of a simple but beautiful girl. They
+were young, shy lovers; very happy in each other's company, but each
+sufficiently self-possessed to be happy enough in self.
+
+From the crucible of contradiction on that night the jewel love had
+leaped forth. Each was drawn out from the self-centre in which each
+had been concentrated in self; he to declare his love in the face of
+relentless foes, and she to cling to him, and protect him, when
+bruised and torn by her friends. Beneath the pines, that night, they
+pledged, with mingling tears, undying love. They parted, but their
+hearts were one; and persecution, poverty and bereavement only welded
+them more closely together in the changing years.
+
+
+III. LOVE'S SUBTERFUGES.
+
+Hugh returned to the Mount Pleasant kilns, but his heart was no longer
+in his work. The burning of lime requires incessant care. The
+limestones must be broken to a proper size, layers of coal in due
+proportion must be added, and there must be constant watchfulness lest
+the fires should die out. Farmers' sons and servants started generally
+from County Down about midnight, and after traveling all night arrived
+at the kilns for their loads about dawn. A badly burnt kiln of lime
+was a grave loss to the owners, as well as a serious disappointment to
+the customers, and likely to result in loss of custom.
+
+There were many complaints as to the character of the lime immediately
+after Christmas, and the farmers on several occasions found, on
+slaking their loads at home, that only the surface of the stones was
+burnt, and that they had paid for, and imported, heaps of raw
+limestone.
+
+Hugh's thoughts were not in his business. He had made several Sunday
+journeys to Ballynaskeagh, to have secret meetings with Alice. They
+met in the grove by the brook, in a spot still pointed out as the
+"Lovers' Arbor" or "Courting Bower," and there, under willows
+festooned with ivy and honeysuckle and sweetbriers, they spent lonely
+but happy Sundays.
+
+They were at last betrayed by a Catholic servant who had been
+intrusted with a message to Alice. Then began a system of espionage
+and petty persecution, and all the forces of the McClory clan were
+united in an effort to compel Alice to marry a Catholic neighbor,
+called Joe Burns.
+
+At this time Hugh began to learn to read and write, and he succeeded
+so far, by the light from the eye of the kiln at night, as to be able
+to write love letters which Alice was able to read. He also, about the
+same time, succeeded in spelling his way through the New Testament.
+
+Like many other professions, a lime-kiln is a jealous mistress, and
+requires constant attentions. Young Brontë brought to it a divided
+mind, and gave it the second place in his thoughts. He was constantly
+leaving the kilns in the care of a companion on Saturday evenings and
+making long journeys to see Alice, returning on Monday morning, after
+a fatiguing night's journey. At first his companions did all they
+could to make up for his absence and absent-mindedness; but a change
+came, and they did their best to throw the light of exaggeration on
+his deficiencies.
+
+News had reached them from the North that he was a Protestant
+firebrand, that he had cursed the Pope, and made a savage attack on
+some harmless Catholics. At the kilns his manner had changed, and he
+had become moody and morose. Besides, he was constantly reading a
+little book by the light of the burning lime at night, instead of
+telling stories and singing songs, as in former times. The book was
+said to be the Bible, but it was in fact a New Testament that he was
+learning to read.
+
+A plot was immediately hatched to get rid of so dangerous a colleague.
+One of the Catholics undertook, as usual, to look after the kilns
+while he made an expedition to County Down; but he not only failed to
+charge the kilns properly, but he sent for the owner on Monday morning
+early, that he might see for himself the condition of things. The
+northern carts arrived by dawn, to find that there was nothing for
+them but unburnt lime. While the matter was being explained Hugh
+arrived, haggard and weary after his night's journey, and was
+peremptorily dismissed, without any explanation from either side being
+tendered or accepted.
+
+I have no record of Hugh's proceedings immediately after his
+dismissal, but he must have been reduced to considerable straits, for
+he went to the hiring ground in Newry, and engaged himself, as a
+common servant-boy, to a farmer who resided in Donoughmore. As a farm
+laborer in those days he would receive about six pounds per annum,
+with board and lodging; but then he was near his Alice, and that made
+every burden light.
+
+Hugh's new master, James Harshaw, was not an ordinary farmer. The
+Harshaws had occupied the farm from early in the fifteenth century,
+and James, who had received the education of a gentleman, had behind
+him the traditions of an old and respectable family. In the Harshaw
+home shrewd and steady industry was brightened by culture and
+refinement. The wheel of fortune had brought Hugh Brontë into a family
+where mental alacrity had full play.
+
+Brontë seems to have been treated with consideration and kindness by
+the Harshaws, who probably recognized in him something superior to the
+ordinary farm servant. At any rate, in those days the walls of class
+distinction were not raised so high as they are now, and the Harshaw
+children taught him to read.
+
+Hugh was much with the family. He drove them to Donoughmore
+Presbyterian Meeting House on Sundays, and sat with them in their pew,
+and he accompanied them to rustic singing parties, and such local
+gatherings. He used also to drive them in the summer time to
+Warrenpoint and Newcastle, and other watering-places, and remain with
+them as their attendant.
+
+In such treatment of a servant there was nothing unusual, and Mr. John
+Harshaw, the present proprietor of the ancestral home, has no very
+decisive information regarding this particular servant. He says, "The
+probability is that Hugh Brontë hired with my grandfather, whose land
+touched the Lough, but I fear it is too true that he passed through my
+grandfather's service and left no permanent record behind him."[1]
+
+I think it is more than probable that Brontë repaid his young masters
+and mistresses for their teaching, by telling them stories. Under
+Harshaw's roof he found not only work and shelter, but a home and
+comfort, and it is inconceivable that under those circumstances he
+allowed the gift that was in him, of charming by vivid narration, to
+lie dormant.
+
+As long as he lived he spoke of the Harshaws with gratitude and
+affection, and I do not believe he could have been so glad and happy
+without contributing to the general enjoyment.
+
+In the latter part of last century, the _raconteur_ occupied the place
+in Ireland now taken by the modern novelist, and I believe Hugh Brontë
+dropped doctrines into the minds of the young Harshaws which produced
+far-reaching results. Such was the fixed conviction of my old teacher,
+the Reverend W. McAllister.
+
+It happened that the Martins, another ancient family, lived quite near
+to the Harshaws. The land of the two families enclosed Loughorne
+round. The Martins were rich and slightly aristocratic, but the two
+families were thrown much together, and Samuel Martin, the son of the
+one house, married Jane Harshaw, the daughter of the other.
+
+She was a deeply religious and resolute woman, with a stern sense of
+duty. One of her nephews tells me she always conducted family worship
+after the death of her husband. She died of a fever, caught while
+ministering to the dying, in accordance with her high sense of
+Christian duty. Her life was given for others, and, at her funeral,
+the Reverend S. J. Moore said: "She was a woman who knew her duty and
+did it."
+
+Her second son, John Martin, inherited his mother's great mental
+capacity and strong sense of duty. At school, in Newry, he met young
+John Mitchel, and inspired him with something of his own enthusiasm,
+and the two youths came to the conclusion that it was their duty to
+put right Ireland's wrongs. John Mitchel was sent to penal servitude
+for fifteen or twenty years, and then John Martin stepped into the
+place vacated by his friend, and was transported to Van Diemen's Land
+for ten years.
+
+The conviction of "honest John Martin" gave a blow to the old system
+in Ireland from which it has never recovered. Even his enemies were
+shocked at the ferocity of the sentence; but then he had written a
+pamphlet under the text: "_Your land, strangers devour it in your
+presence, and it is desolate._" (Isaiah, i. 7.) He had proclaimed from
+the housetops Hugh Brontë's tenant-right doctrines, of which more
+anon. He had attacked the sacred rights of landlordism, and he was
+sent to a safe and distant place for quite a different offence, called
+treason felony.
+
+John Martin was a man of large property, but he devoted his life and
+all his income to what he considered the good of others.
+
+He had taken his B.A. degree at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied
+medicine, and for many years he gave advice and medicine gratuitously
+to all who came to him. The poor were passionately attached to him.
+
+I remember seeing him and speaking to him once, after he had received
+a free pardon, and become a member of parliament. No one could have
+looked on the great, capacious head, and the handsome, benevolent
+face, without questioning the system that had no better use for such a
+man than sending him to rot in penal servitude. Lord Palmerston beheld
+the ex-convict with profound admiration, and expressed deep sympathy
+with him as the victim of a bad system.
+
+John Martin preached and suffered for the very doctrines that Hugh
+Brontë enunciated with such passionate conviction. Where did he get
+those doctrines? I have a profound belief, though I have no positive
+proofs, that John Martin's beliefs and principles grew from seeds sown
+by Hugh Brontë, the servant boy. In this belief the Reverend W.
+McAllister and the Reverend David McKee shared, or, rather, my faith
+has grown from their convictions.
+
+Jane Harshaw, however she got them, carried the doctrines into the
+Martin family. They mingled with and strengthened her strong sense
+of duty, and they added passion to her lust after justice and the
+thing that was right. With her son John, the feeling of obligation
+to break the ban of Ireland's curse became irresistible. He was
+dowered with an inexhaustible grace of pity for all sufferers, and the
+impulse to redress the wrongs of the oppressed overpowered him and
+led him to acts of impatience and imprudence, which gave his
+cool-headed enemies the opportunity they were ready enough to
+embrace. But the revolutionary doctrines for which John Martin
+suffered came from the same seed that produced Charlotte Brontë's
+radical sentiments, and it is interesting to note that in both cases
+the seed produced its fruit about the same period (1847-1848).
+
+I must now leave these historical speculations, however plausible and
+probable they may be, and return to the direct narration of known
+facts.
+
+Hugh Brontë had disappeared forever from the Mount Pleasant kilns.
+Those who had plotted his dismissal exaggerated every foible of his
+life, and invented others, after he was gone, until, by a spiteful
+blending of fact and fancy, they made him into a monster.
+
+The farmers' sons and servants who carted lime from Mount Pleasant to
+County Down brought with them wonderful tales of his misdeeds and
+disgrace. And Alice McClory's guardians believed that he had
+disappeared forever into the distant South, from whence he had
+emerged. They never suspected that he was actually living in their
+neighborhood, and that he and Alice had met at Warrenpoint, Newcastle,
+and elsewhere.
+
+  [1] As we shall see, the parish records of Hugh's marriage and
+      Patrick's baptism are both lost, and though Patrick was
+      schoolmaster in Glascar Presbyterian school, and in Drumgooland
+      Episcopalian school, he has left no permanent record behind him
+      in either place. Records in those days were ill-kept.
+
+
+IV. THE ELOPEMENT.
+
+Under restraint, Alice had drooped and pined, but now that Brontë had
+left the country she was permitted to ride about the neighborhood
+quite alone. She enjoyed horse exercise greatly, but no matter in what
+direction she left home her way lay always through Loughorne. Perhaps
+the roads were better in that direction, but she always exchanged
+salutations with a handsome working-man, by the expanse of water in
+Loughorne. When he was not about she used very humanely to take her
+horse down to the lake to drink, and from a hole in an old tree she
+used to remove a scrap of paper, leaving something instead. The tree
+used to be pointed out as "Brontë's post-box," but the lake has
+recently been drained, and the trees have, I believe, disappeared.
+
+Everything that could be done was done, to please Miss McClory, but no
+opportunity was missed to further Farmer Burns's suit. He was a
+prosperous man. He had a good farm, a good house, plenty of horses and
+cows, and was a very desirable husband for Alice. He was also a
+Catholic. Brontë had shown that he did not care for her by going away,
+and never thinking of her more. The priest joined with Alice's female
+friends in pleading for Burns. At length, by incessant perseverance,
+they prevailed on her to consent to marry Burns, and forget Brontë.
+The incessant drip had made an impression at last, and the crafty
+relatives had gained their end.
+
+There was joy in the Catholic camp when it was publicly announced that
+Miss McClory and Mr. Burns were soon to be married. McClory's house
+was thatched anew, and whitewashed and renovated throughout. The roses
+were nailed up around the windows; the street was strewn with fresh
+sand; new window-blinds and bed-curtains were provided, and pots and
+pans were burnished. Never before had McClory's house been subjected
+to such an outburst of sweeping and brushing and washing and scouring;
+the whole place became redolent of potash and suds. It was spring
+cleaning _in excelsis_.
+
+The local dressmaker, Annie McCabe, whose granddaughter, of the same
+name, is now dressmaker in the same place, assisted by Miss
+McClory's female relatives, was busily engaged on the bridal dress.
+Burns used to look in daily on the incessant preparations, his
+countenance beaming with joy, but Alice would not permit him to
+destroy the pleasures of imagination by approaching near to her. She
+would lift her finger coyly, and warn him off, if he presumed on any
+familiarities, but she allowed him to sit on the other side of the
+fire from that graced by herself.
+
+At length the wedding-day arrived. Such signs of feasting had never
+before been seen in Ballynaskeagh. New loaves had been procured from
+Newry, fresh beef from Rathfriland, whiskey from Banbridge. A great
+pudding, composed of flour and potatoes, and boiled for many hours
+over a slow fire, with hot coals on the lid of the oven, had been
+prepared. Two of the largest turkeys had been boiled, and laid out on
+great dishes with an abundant coating of melted butter, and a huge
+roll of roasted beef was served up as a burnt offering. Signs of
+abundance stood on table and dresser and hob, while rows of bottles
+peeped from behind the window-curtains; and neither envy nor spite
+could say that Red Paddy McClory was not providing a splendid wedding
+for his sister. The morning rose glorious, and, as the custom then
+was, Burns and his friends, mounted on their best horses, raced to the
+house of the bride "_for the broth_," first in being the winner. On
+such occasions crowds of neighbors crowned the hilltops. The cavalcade
+was greeted with ringing cheers, as it swept in a cloud of dust down
+the road from the Knock Hill. Several riders were unhorsed, but the
+steeds arrived in McClory's court, champing their bits and covered
+with foam. A covered car from Newry stood near the house, on the road,
+to take Alice to the chapel, but she was to ride away from the chapel
+mounted on the pillion, behind her husband.
+
+There was an unexpected pause; no one knew why. Some dismounted and
+stood by their stirrups, ready to mount when the bride had entered her
+carriage. Glasses of whiskey were handed round, and then the pause
+became more awkward and the suspense more intense. At last it became
+known that Alice, who had been up nearly all night finishing her new
+gowns, had felt weary, and fitting on her wedding dress, had gone out
+on her mare for a spurt, to shake off drowsiness. Messengers were sent
+in different directions to search for her, but they had not returned.
+Some accident must have befallen her.
+
+Burns, who rode a powerful black horse, and who had won the broth,
+galloped off wildly towards Loughbrickland. The other cavaliers
+scoured the country in different directions; but, while all kinds of
+surmises were being hazarded, a messenger on foot from Banbridge, with
+dainties for the feast, arrived, and reported that he had met Miss
+McClory and a tall gentleman galloping furiously toward the river
+Bann, near Banbridge. There was great excitement among the guests, and
+whiskey and strong language without measure. After a hurried
+consultation the mounted guests agreed to pursue the fugitives and
+bring Miss McClory back; but, while they were tightening their girths
+and getting ready for a gallop of five or six miles, a boy rode up to
+the house on the mare that had been ridden by Alice, bearing a letter
+to say she had just been married to Hugh Brontë in Magherally church.
+She sent her love and grateful thanks to her brother, hoped the party
+would enjoy the wedding dinner, and begged them to drink her health
+as Mrs. Brontë.
+
+The plucky manner in which the lady had carried out her own plan,
+outwitting the coercionists by her own cleverness, called forth
+admiration in the midst of disappointment, and the cheery message
+touched every heart. The calamity that had befallen Burns did not
+weigh heavily on the hearts of the guests, in presence of the splendid
+dinner before them, and especially as it was now clear that the lady
+was being forced to marry him against her will.
+
+At this juncture the kind and courteous old priest rose, and with
+great skill and good-humor talked about the events of the day. He
+brought into special prominence the humorous and heroic episode in a
+manner that appealed to the chivalry of his hearers, and then, with
+tender pathos, referring to the beautiful daughter of the house,
+called upon the guests to drink her health. The toast was responded to
+with a hearty ringing cheer. Burns, who has left a good reputation
+behind him, promptly proposed prosperity to the new-married couple,
+and Red Paddy, always kind and generous, promised to send the united
+good wishes of the whole party to the bride and bridegroom, and to
+assure them of a hearty welcome, in which the past would be forgotten.
+Paddy, as we shall see, kept his word. Thus the grandfather and
+grandmother of the great novelists were married in 1776, in the
+Protestant church of Magherally, the clergyman who officiated
+pronouncing the bride the most beautiful woman he had ever seen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following verses have always been known as the product of Hugh
+Brontë's muse. I am inclined to think they may have, in an original
+form, been produced by Hugh, and smoothed down by his son Patrick. And
+perhaps, in the refining process, they have lost in strength more than
+they have gained in sound.
+
+I do not think old Hugh would have known anything, at first hand, of
+"the peach bloom," or of "the blood-red Mars." The poem, forty years
+ago, had many variations, but there is one line of special interest,
+as it shows that the verses were known to Charlotte Brontë. The verse,
+with a slight variation, is put into the mouth of Jane Eyre. Rochester
+says: "Jane suits me; do I suit her?" Jane answers: "To the finest
+fibre of my nature, sir."
+
+
+ALICE AND HUGH.
+
+  The red rose paled before the blush
+    That mantled o'er thy dimpled cheek,
+  The peach bloom faded at the flush
+    That tinged thy beauty ripe and meek.
+
+  Thy milk-white brow outshone the snow:
+    Thy lustrous eyes outglanced the stars:
+  Thy cherry lips, with love aglow,
+    Burned ruddier than the blood-red Mars.
+
+  Thy sweet, low voice waked in my heart
+    Dead memories of my mother's love.
+  My long-lost sister's artless art
+    Lived in thy smiles, my gentle dove.
+
+  Dear Alice, how thy charm and grace
+    Kindled my dull and stagnant life!
+  From first I saw thy winning face,
+    My whole heart claimed thee for my wife.
+
+  I thought you'd make me happy, dear:
+    I sought you for my very own:
+  You clung to me through storm and fear:
+    You loved me still, though poor and lone.
+
+  My love was centred all in self:
+    Thy love was centred all in me:
+  True wife, above all pride and pelf,
+    My life's deep current flows for thee.
+
+  The finest fibres of my soul
+    Entwine with thine in love's strong fold;
+  Our tin cup is a golden bowl;
+    Love fills our cot with wealth untold.
+
+
+
+
+THE LEGEND OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE LION.
+
+BY HENRY M. STANLEY.
+
+Copyright, 1893, by Henry M. Stanley.
+
+
+It was a custom with us, when crossing Africa in 1874-77, to meet
+after dinner around the camp-fire, to while away the evening with
+pleasant gossip, reminiscences, curious African legends. Sunset in the
+tropics is soon followed by darkness, and the heavy vapors rising from
+the hot, steaming ground appear to give thickness and substance to it.
+A large fire is then very agreeable, as it drives away the damp and
+dew; and it is a comfort to look into its flames and glowing embers,
+wherein each man sees what he sees. No doubt the drift of the mind at
+such times, to think of such things as are driven away by the needs of
+the stirring day, suggested that we could be more sociable and more
+interested if we related to one another such stories as were told to
+us by the old folks at home. On trial it was found that there were
+some of our men who were most accomplished in the art of narration,
+and I fancied, after writing one or two out, that there was some kind
+of a moral of an African character in each, after which I paid more
+attention to them, and, on retiring from the circle, I would hastily
+jot down what I had heard. If there were some points still obscure in
+the story I would invite its narrator to relate it to me at the first
+halting-place. But then I would find also that there was a great deal
+of difference between the story told to me alone and that related to
+the audience round the fire--there was then less local color, less
+detail, and less animation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At a camp on the Upper Congo, in 1877, Chakanja drew near our fire as
+story-telling was about to begin, and was immediately beset with eager
+demands for a tale from him. Like a singer, who always professes to
+have a cold before indulging us, Chakanja needed more than a few
+entreaties; but finally, after vowing that he never could remember
+anything, he consented to gratify us with the legend of the Elephant
+and the Lion.
+
+"Well," he answered, with a deep sigh, "if I must, I must. You must
+know we Waganda are fond of three things--to have a nice wife, a
+pleasant farm, and to hear good news, or a lively story. I have heard
+a great many stories in my life, but, unlike Kadu, my mind remembers
+them not. Men's heads are not the same, any more than men's hearts are
+like. But I take it that a poor tale is better than none. It comes
+back to me like a dream, this tale of the Elephant and the Lion. I
+heard it first when on a visit to Gabunga's; but who can tell it like
+him? If you think the tale is not well told, it is my fault; but then,
+do not blame me too much, or I shall think I ought to blame you
+to-morrow, when it will be your turn to amuse the party.
+
+"Now open your ears. A huge and sour-tempered elephant went and
+wandered in the forest. His inside was slack for want of juicy roots
+and succulent reeds, but his head was as full of dark thoughts as a
+gadfly is full of blood. As he looked this way and that, he observed a
+young lion asleep at the foot of a tree. He regarded it for a while,
+then, as he was in a wicked mind, it came to him that he might as well
+kill it, and he accordingly rushed at it, and impaled it with his
+tusks. He lifted it with his trunk, swung it about, dashed it against
+the tree, and afterwards kneeled on the body until it became as
+shapeless as a crushed banana pulp. He then laughed, and said, 'Ha!
+ha! This is a proof that I am strong. I have killed a lion, and people
+will say proud things of me, and will wonder at my strength.'
+
+"Presently a brother elephant came up and greeted him.
+
+"'See,' said the first elephant, 'what I have done. It was I that
+killed him. I lifted him on high, and, lo! he lies like a rotten
+banana. Do you not think I am very strong? Come, be frank now, and
+give me some credit for what I have done.'
+
+"Elephant No. 2 replied: 'It is true that you are strong, but that was
+only a young lion. There are others of his kind, and I have seen them,
+who would give you considerable trouble.'
+
+"'Ho, ho!' laughed the first elephant. 'Get out, stupid! You may bring
+his whole tribe here, and I will show you what I can do. Ay, and to
+your dam to boot.'
+
+"'What! My own mother, too!'
+
+"'Yes. Go and fetch her if you like.'
+
+"'Well, well,' said No. 2, 'you are far gone, there is no doubt. Fare
+you well.'
+
+"No. 2 proceeded on his wanderings, resolved in his own mind that, if
+he had an opportunity, he would send some one to test the boaster's
+strength. No. 1 called out to him:
+
+"'Away you go. Good-by to you.'
+
+"A little way on, No. 2 elephant met a lion and lioness, full grown,
+and splendid creatures, who turned out to be the parents of the
+youngster which had been slain, and he said to them, after a sociable
+chat:
+
+"'If you go further on along the path I came, you will meet a kind of
+game which requires killing badly. He has just mangled your cub.'
+
+"Meantime elephant No. 1, chuckling to himself very conceitedly,
+proceeded to the pool near by to bathe and cool himself. At every step
+he went you could hear this: 'Ha, ha, ha! Lo! I have killed a lion.'
+While he was in the pool, spurting the water in a shower over his
+back, he suddenly looked up, and at the water's edge beheld a grown
+lion and lioness regarding him sternly.
+
+"'Well, what do you want?' he asked. 'Why are you standing there
+looking at me?'
+
+"'Are you the rogue who killed our child?' they asked.
+
+"'Perhaps I am,' he answered. 'Why do you want to know?'
+
+"'Because we are in search of him. If it be you that did it, you will
+have to do the same to us before you leave this ground.'
+
+"'Ho! ho!' laughed the elephant loudly. 'Well, hark! It was I who
+killed your cub. Come now, it was I. Do you hear? And if you do not
+leave here mighty quick, I shall have to serve you both as I served
+him.'
+
+"The lions roared aloud in their fury, and switched their tails
+violently.
+
+"'Ho, ho!' laughed the elephant gayly. 'This is grand! There is no
+doubt I shall run soon, they make me so skeery;' and he danced round
+the pool, and jeered at them, then drank a great quantity of water and
+blew it in a shower over them.
+
+"The lions stirred not, but kept steadfastly gazing at him, planning
+how best to attack him.
+
+"Perceiving that they were obstinate, he threw another stream of water
+over the lions and then backed into the deepest part of the pool,
+until there was nothing seen of him but the tip of his trunk. When he
+arose again the lions were still watching him and had not moved.
+
+"'Ho, ho!' he trumpeted, 'still there? Wait a little, I am coming to
+you.' He advanced towards the shore, but, when he was close enough,
+the lion sire sprang into the air, and alighted on the elephant's
+back, and furiously tore at the muscles of the neck, and bit deep into
+the shoulder. The elephant retreated into the deepest part of the pool
+again, and submerged himself and his enemy, until the lion was
+compelled to abandon his back and begin to swim ashore. No sooner had
+he felt himself relieved than the elephant rose to the surface, and
+hastily followed and seized the lion with his trunk. Despite the
+lion's struggles, he was pressed beneath the surface, dragged under
+the elephant's knees, and trodden into the mud, and in a short time
+the lion sire was dead.
+
+"The elephant laughed triumphantly, and cried, 'Ho, ho! am I not
+strong, Ma Lion? Did you ever see the like of me before? Two of you,
+Young Lion and Pa Lion, are now killed. Ma Lion, you had better try
+now, just to see if you won't have better luck. Come on, old woman,
+just once.'
+
+"The lioness fiercely answered, while she retreated from the pool,
+'Hold on where you are. I am going to find my brother, and will be
+back shortly.'
+
+"The elephant trumpeted his scorn of her kind, and seizing the carcass
+of her lord, flung it on shore after her, and declared his readiness
+to abide where he was, that he might make mash of all the lion
+family.
+
+"In a short time the lioness had found her brother, who was a mighty
+fellow, and full of fight. As they advanced near the pool together,
+they consulted as to the best means of getting at him. Then the
+lioness sprang forward to the edge of the pool. The elephant retreated
+a short distance. The lioness upon this crept along the pool, and
+pretended to lap the water. The elephant moved towards her. The lion
+waited his chance, and finally, with a great roar, sprang upon his
+shoulders and commenced tearing away at the very place which had been
+wounded by lion sire.
+
+"The elephant backed quickly into deep water, and submerged himself,
+but the lion maintained his hold and bit deeper. The elephant then
+sank down until there was nothing to be seen but the tip of his trunk,
+upon which the lion, to avoid suffocation, relaxed his hold, and swam
+vigorously toward shore. The elephant rose up, and as the lion was
+stepping on shore, seized him, and drove one of his tusks through his
+body; but, as he was in the act, the lioness sprang upon the
+elephant's neck, and bit and tore so furiously that he fell dead, and
+with his fall crushed the dying lion.
+
+"Soon after the close of the terrible combat, elephant No. 2 came up,
+and discovered the lioness licking her chops and paws, and said:
+
+"'Hello, it seems there has been quite a quarrel here lately. Three
+lions are dead, and here lies one of my own kind, stiffening.'
+
+"'Yes,' replied the lioness gloomily, 'the rogue elephant killed my
+cub while the little fellow was asleep in the woods. He then killed my
+husband and brother, and I killed him; but I do not think the elephant
+has gained much by fighting with us. I did not have much trouble in
+killing him. Should you meet any friends of his, you may warn them to
+leave the lioness alone, or she may be tempted to make short work of
+them.'
+
+"Elephant No. 2, though a patient person generally, was annoyed at
+this, and gave a sudden kick with one of his hind feet which sent her
+sprawling a good distance off; and asked:
+
+"'How do you like that, Ma Lion?'
+
+"'What do you mean by that?' demanded the enraged lioness.
+
+"'Oh, because I hate to hear so much bragging.'
+
+"'Do you also wish to fight?' she asked.
+
+"'We should never talk about doing an impossible thing, Ma Lion,' he
+answered. 'I have travelled many years through these woods, and I have
+never fought yet. I find that when a person minds his own business he
+seldom comes to trouble, and when I meet one who is even stronger than
+myself, I greet him pleasantly, and pass on, and I should advise you
+to do the same, Ma Lion.'
+
+"'You are saucy, elephant. It would be well for you to think upon your
+stupid brother there, who lies so stark under your nose, before you
+trouble one who slew him, with your insolence.'
+
+"'Well, words never yet made a plantation; it is the handling of a hoe
+that makes fields. See here, Ma Lion, if I talked to you all day I
+could not make you wise. I will just turn my back to you. If you will
+bite me you will soon learn how weak you are.'
+
+"The lioness, angered still more by the elephant's contempt, sprang at
+his shoulders, and clung to him; upon which he rushed at a stout tree,
+and, pressing his shoulders against it, crushed the breath out of her
+body, and she ceased her struggles. When he relaxed his pressure, the
+body fell to the ground, and he knelt upon it, and kneaded it until
+every bone was broken.
+
+"While the elephant was meditatively standing over the body, and
+thinking what misfortunes happen to boasters, a man came along,
+carrying a spear; and seeing that the elephant was unaware of his
+presence, he thought what great luck had happened to him.
+
+"Said he, 'Ah, what fine tusks he has! I shall be rich with them, and
+shall buy slaves and cattle, and with these I will get a wife and a
+farm,' saying which he advanced silently, and when he was near enough,
+darted his spear into a place behind the shoulder.
+
+"The elephant turned around quickly, and, on beholding his enemy,
+rushed after him, and, overtaking him, mauled him until in a few
+moments he was a mangled corpse.
+
+"At this time a woman approached, and seeing four lions and one
+elephant and her husband dead, she raised up her hands wonderingly,
+and cried, 'How did all this happen?' The elephant, hearing her voice,
+came from behind a tree, with a spear quivering in his side, and
+bleeding profusely. At the sight of him the woman turned round to fly,
+but the elephant cried out to her, 'Nay, run not, woman, for I can do
+you no harm. The happy days in the woods are ended for all the tribes.
+The memory of this scene will never be forgotten. Animals will be at
+constant war one with another. Lions will no more greet elephants, the
+buffaloes will be shy, the rhinoceroses will live apart, and man, when
+he comes within the shadows, will think of nothing else than his
+terrors, and he will fancy an enemy in every shadow. I am sorely
+wounded, for thy man stole up to my side and drove his spear into me,
+and soon I shall die.'
+
+"When she had heard these words the woman hastened home, and all the
+villagers, old and young, hurried into the woods, by the pool, where
+they found four lions, two elephants, and one of their own tribe lying
+still and lifeless.
+
+"The words of the elephant have turned out to be true, for no man goes
+nowadays into the silent and deserted woods but he feels as though
+something was haunting them, and thinks of goblinry, and starts at
+every sound. Out of the shadows, which shift with the sun, forms seem
+crawling and phantoms appear to glide, and we are in a fever almost
+from the horrible illusions of fancy. We breathe quickly and fear to
+speak, for the smallest vibration in the silence would jar on our
+nerves. I speak the truth, for when I am in the woods near the night,
+there swim before my eyes a multitude of terrible things which I never
+see by the light of day. The flash of a firefly is a ghost, the chant
+of a frog becomes a frightful roar, the sudden piping of a bird
+signalizes murder, and I run. No, no, no woods for me when alone."
+
+And Chakanja rose to his feet and went to his own quarters, solemnly
+shaking his head. But we all smiled at Chakanja, and thought how
+terribly frightened he would be if any one suddenly rose from behind a
+dark bush and cried "Boo!" to him.
+
+
+
+
+SONG.
+
+BY THOMAS CAREW.
+(1589-1639.)
+
+
+  Ask me no more where Jove bestows,
+  When June is past, the fading rose,
+  For in your beauty's orient deep
+  These flowers, as in their causes, sleep.
+
+  Ask me no more whither do stray
+  The golden atoms of the day,
+  For, in pure love, heaven did prepare
+  Those powders to enrich your hair.
+
+  Ask me no more where those stars light
+  That downwards fall in dead of night,
+  For in your eyes they sit, and there
+  Fixed become as in their sphere.
+
+  Ask me no more whither doth haste
+  The nightingale when May is past,
+  For in your sweet dividing throat
+  She winters, and keeps warm her note.
+
+
+
+
+AT THE THROTTLE.
+
+THE LIFE AND EXPERIENCES OF AN ENGINEER OF A LIMITED EXPRESS.
+
+BY CLEVELAND MOFFETT.
+
+  "_See the huge creature with muscles of steel, his heart a furnace
+  of glowing coal, and the strength of a thousand horses nerving his
+  sinews. See him strut forth from his stable, and, saluting the
+  train of cars with a dozen sonorous puffs from his iron nostrils,
+  stand panting to be gone. He would drag the pyramids across the
+  Desert of Sahara if they could be hitched on._"
+
+
+The average New Yorker who rides to Chicago in twenty hours on the
+World's Fair flyer does an easy day's work, in fact, does no work at
+all. He rests comfortably at night, enjoys well-served meals, and
+reaches his destination almost before he knows it. Having paid the
+price, such is the arrogance of money, he takes all that is done for
+him quite as a matter of course, and knows no more of the workings of
+this wonderful train than a school-boy, while he cares rather less. An
+engine pulls the cars, steam works the engine, and as for the
+engineer, the New Yorker never thinks of him except to growl at him
+when the train is late, and to advocate hanging him if there is an
+accident.
+
+Meantime, what is the engineer of this fastest train in the world
+doing for the passenger? In the first place, the Chicago flyer is not
+driven by one but by many engineers. In order to cover the nine
+hundred and sixty-four miles between the two cities in twenty hours,
+including nine stops, there are required seven huge engines in relays,
+driven by seven grimy heroes. A run of less than one hundred and fifty
+miles is the limit per day for each engine, while three hours of the
+plunging rush wears out the strongest engineer. Sixty, seventy, eighty
+miles an hour--what does that mean to the man at the throttle? It
+means that the six and a half feet drivers turn five times every
+second and advance one hundred feet. Tic-tic-tic, and the train has
+run the length of New York's highest steeple. The engineer turns his
+head for five seconds to look at the gauges, and in that time the
+terrible iron creature, putting forth the strength of a thousand
+horses, may have shot past a red signal with its danger warning five
+hundred feet away. Ten seconds, and one thousand feet are left
+behind--one-fifth of a mile. Who knows what horrors may lie within
+that thousand feet! There may be death lurking round a curve, death
+spreading its arms in a tunnel, and the engineer must see and be
+responsible for everything. Not only must he note instantly all that
+is before him, the signals, switches, bridges, the passing trains, and
+the condition of the rails, but he must act at the same moment,
+working throttle, air-brakes, or reversing-lever, not as quick as
+thought, but quicker, for there is no time to think. His muscles must
+do the right thing automatically under circumstances where a second is
+an age. In the three hours of his vigil there are ten thousand eight
+hundred seconds, during each one of which he must watch with the
+mental alertness of an athlete springing for a flying trapeze from
+the roof of an amphitheatre, with the courageous self-possession of a
+matador awaiting the deadly rush of a maddened bull; and far more
+depends upon the engineer's watching well, because, if he fails by a
+hair's breadth in coolness or precision of judgment, there may come
+destruction, not only to himself, but to hundreds of passengers, who,
+while he stands guard, are perhaps grumbling at the waiters in the
+dining-car or telling funny stories in the smoker.
+
+In addition to this constant mental tension the engineer on this
+hurling train has to endure material discomfort, often bodily
+suffering. The air sweeps back in his face with the breath of a
+hurricane, blowing smoke and cinders into his eyes. Most people know
+the intense pain a cinder causes in a man's eye, particularly a hot
+cinder. The suffering is almost unbearable, and yet, suffering or no
+suffering, the engineer who gets a cinder in his eye can have no
+relief until the end of his relay. They shut their lips, these
+unflinching men, keep looking ahead, and bear it. Long after they
+leave the cab, the burning sensation in their eyes and eyelids
+continues, and even persists after hours of sleep. "It seems as if
+nothing would rest my eyes, sir," said one of the new men after his
+first week on the flyer. No wonder the eyesight of engineers fails
+rapidly, no wonder many of them are removed from their positions every
+year because the examining doctors find them unable to distinguish the
+signals. The engineer suffers also from the plunging and tossing of
+the monster locomotive, which bruises his whole body with its violent
+rocking, and causes sharp pains in the back, particularly where there
+is any tendency to kidney trouble. One has only to watch these strong
+men as they stumble down from their engines at the end of a relay, has
+only to observe their white faces and unsteady gait, and see the
+condition of physical collapse which follows, to understand what it
+costs in vitality and grit to give the ease-loving public this
+incomparable train service.
+
+[Illustration: "THE FLYER" LEAVING THE GRAND CENTRAL STATION, NEW YORK
+CITY.]
+
+Thus it is that while the New Yorker gets to Chicago with scarcely
+more discomfort than if he had remained at home, the same journey
+wears out seven engineers, all picked men; for many of them who have
+seen years of service on trains running forty miles an hour, break
+down entirely when put upon the flyer. So exhausted are these seven
+engineers by their comparatively short relays that they are obliged
+to lay off entirely during the following day to recover from the
+shock. They do not even take the opposite-bound flyer back over
+their stretch, but return with their engines to their respective
+starting-points, drawing slower trains. Thus, seven strong men do
+two days' work every time the flyer runs from New York to Chicago,
+and seven other men do two days' work every time it runs back. Each
+engineer works three hours on the flyer, returns home on an easy
+train, and then rests forty hours before his muscles and nerves and
+brain are in condition to repeat the operation.
+
+So it results that twenty-eight engineers, one at a time, are required
+to run this wonderful train from New York to Chicago and back again.
+Fourteen veterans drive the great engines one way, and fourteen
+brother veterans drive them the other. Twenty-eight men for a single
+complete trip of a single train, and they the flower of American
+engineers, splendid fellows every one of them, with cool heads, stanch
+hearts, and the experience of years at the throttle. The fact is,
+these men of iron, who, after all, are made of flesh and blood, have
+been called upon of late years to bear a mental and physical strain
+which has increased steadily as the speed rates have advanced. Forty,
+fifty, sixty, seventy, and now eighty miles an hour, each greater
+velocity has meant greater pressure, not only on the boilers and
+cylinders, but on men's brains; has meant greater expenditure, not
+only of coal and dollars, but of nerve force, until now experts
+recognize with concern that the limit of human endurance has been
+almost reached. Science may remove the mechanical difficulties in the
+way of running a hundred miles an hour, or more, for such a rate has
+already been predicted; money may buy better axles, wheels,
+lubricators, and machinery, but where are the men who will run these
+trains of the future when they are built? Can science breed us a race
+of giants? Can money purchase an immunity against suffering or eyes
+that are indestructible? If twenty-eight engineers are required to-day
+on the Chicago flyer, how many, pray, will be necessary on a train
+running fifty or one hundred per cent. faster?
+
+I gained a vivid impression of what it means to drive one of these
+monster engines, by actually travelling from New York to Albany, a few
+days ago, in the cab of Engine 870, which takes the Empire State
+express over the first stretch of its journey--one hundred and
+forty-two miles--at a rate rather faster than that of the Chicago
+flyer. At the throttle was Archie Buchanan, a silent man with gray
+eyes and earnest face, who comes of a family of engineers, and is one
+of the most trusted of the New York Central employees. Buchanan's
+brother John, a skilled engineer in his time, was cut in two some
+years ago in an accident near East Albany. His brother James is a
+master mechanic at the shops at West Albany, and his brother William,
+after serving for years as a New York Central engineer, was made
+Superintendent of Rolling Stock, a position he still holds.
+
+Buchanan smiled quietly as I climbed upon the fireman's seat at the
+left. It was a perfect July morning, and at 8.39 the shrill whistle
+sounded, worked by the conductor's bell-rope, and we were off, nine
+minutes behind time on account of some trouble with the air-brakes.
+
+"We must make up the delay, Al," said the engineer to his fireman, as
+the wheels began to turn. Those were the only words he spoke until we
+reached Albany, and, had he spoken, neither Al nor I could have heard
+him for the roar.
+
+Now the slow, heavy pant of the engine quickens, and we shoot under
+bridges and streets, passing out of New York. For a few minutes
+Buchanan, working the reversing-lever, lets the pistons go the full
+length of the cylinders, but he gradually cuts down their stroke to
+eight inches, making the steam expansion do the rest. This lessens the
+noise from the exhaust, but the noise from the pounding of the
+mountain of iron on the rails increases in geometrical ratio. A shower
+of cinders blows in with black smoke, and a hot one settles in my
+neck. The smoke tastes of oil, the cinder burns--this is but a
+foretaste of things to come. I turn my head to avoid suffocation and
+get a scorching blast from the fire-box, whose door is swung wide
+open. The fireman's orders are to make up the lost time, and he
+proposes to do it. In goes coal at the rate of two shovelfuls a minute
+for the first half-hour. Before we reach Albany he has shovelled in
+more than three tons, and had the day been windy it would have taken
+more. In the intervals he rakes and prods the white-hot crater and
+rings the bell as we shoot past towns and cities. Buchanan tends to
+the whistle and air-brakes. The noise is dreadful, as if a thousand
+devils were dancing in one's head. The motion is so violent from side
+to side that we all have to hold on tightly. A little more and one
+would be seasick.
+
+As the hundred-ton engine pounds along with horrible din, a strange
+sense of exhilaration succeeds that of physical discomfort. One
+becomes indifferent to everything, and, courting now the smoke-laden
+hurricane, thrusts one's head from the window into the sweeping
+air-billows, which dash against the face like breakers and with the
+same strangling force. I was seized with a wild desire to go faster;
+seventy miles an hour was not enough, and I would fain have opened
+everything to its full capacity, stop-cocks, levers, throttle, and
+all, and taken part in a furious, splendid runaway. Strange thoughts
+chased through my mind; the houses of flying towns seemed to be
+rushing at each other in battle from either side, a long line of loose
+ties between the tracks suggested an endless procession of turtles,
+the trees seemed to be dancing down the hills, and the people who
+stared up at us while stepping away from the dangerous suction seemed
+to be creatures of another race. I have learned since that engineers
+often have that feeling of belonging to some other world, and it comes
+upon them particularly at night. A man of highly strung organization
+could easily go mad riding on an engine running seventy miles an
+hour.
+
+These curious illusions of the senses were presently succeeded by a
+period of intense and perfectly normal curiosity. I counted the number
+of strokes made by the piston in a minute, and found there were about
+three hundred. I counted the number of puffs from the smoke-stack, and
+decided correctly that there were four times as many of these as there
+were piston-strokes, that is, about twenty to the second. Then I
+counted the oil-cans, the gauges, and made mental photographs of the
+inside of the cab.
+
+From start to finish we made no stop and only slackened our speed
+twice to "pick up water," this important operation being accomplished
+with a great splashing by a scoop under the tender, which drops into a
+trough running lengthwise of the track for about twelve hundred feet,
+and always kept full to the brim. The scoop is controlled by a lever
+in the tender, which the fireman directs. In the winter, steam-pipes
+through the troughs keep the water from freezing. During the whole
+distance Buchanan scarcely changed his position, and never turned his
+head. For two hours and thirty-six minutes he stood at the right of
+the boiler, an immovable figure in gray overalls and black skullcap,
+his left hand on the throttle, while his right clutched the window to
+steady him. I never once saw his eyes, which were fixed on the track
+ahead as if held there by a magnet. No matter how the smoke and
+cinders poured in through the open windows in front, no matter the
+bridges and tunnels nor the mad rush of air, his eyes stayed forward
+always, sweeping the line before us anxiously, constantly on the alert
+for signals, for switches, for obstructions, for the long tunnel, for
+the train side-tracked near Poughkeepsie, for the water troughs, for a
+score of things, the missing any one of which might mean disaster.
+And, as he watched, silent and motionless, there was one thought in
+his mind and only one, whether we would make up the lost nine minutes
+and get into Albany on time. Al's thoughts were the same, and, like
+one of Dante's demons, he worked at the coal and the fire and the
+water, now oiling the drivers, now looking at the gauges, ever busy
+and ever growing blacker and oilier in hands and face.
+
+Very proud we were as we ran into Albany at 11.15 A.M. on time to the
+minute, having made the run of one hundred and forty-two miles in one
+hundred and fifty-six minutes, an average of 53.8 miles an hour. This
+exceeds the average of the Chicago flyer, which is 48.2 miles an hour,
+although for a much greater distance. Several times our speed had
+reached seventy miles an hour, and with better coal and other
+conditions equally favorable, Buchanan has driven 870 up to the
+eighty-mile point. With the sound devils still dancing in my head, I
+watched the engineer as he rubbed down his iron horse after the hard
+run. He was tired himself, and his face was white, but he went over
+the rods and cylinders as tenderly and carefully as if he was
+refreshing the muscles and sinews of a living creature.
+
+"She's a beauty, isn't she?" he said, in a tone which bore witness to
+the love felt by the man for the machine. "You see, she has always
+been true to me, 870 has, and I've run her ever since she was built.
+She's never cranky or sick, and she makes her three hundred miles a
+day three hundred and sixty-five times a year, and does her duty every
+time. That's more than you can say of many men, or women either, isn't
+it?"
+
+It seems that there are about fifty engines in constant use on the New
+York Central with the power and dimensions of 870, and only the
+peerless 999, with her heavier build and smoke-consuming device, can
+boast any points of superiority. The life of an engine like 870 is
+about twenty years, during which time she makes several visits to the
+hospital for new cylinders, new flues, and a new fire-box. Aside from
+that, the engine needs about an hour's care morning and night, and a
+washout and blowout of her boilers at the end of alternate weeks.
+Only at these periods is the engine's fire allowed to go out.
+
+I asked Buchanan what were the principal qualifications for a
+first-class engineer, and what was the training necessary to become
+one. "To begin with," he said, "a man must be a first-class fireman,
+which is no easy matter. He must know just how much coal to put on the
+fire and when to put it on, so as to keep the steam at full pressure
+without burning too much fuel. The great secret of good firing is to
+put coal on often and a little at a time. You noticed Al did that on
+our run up. When a fireman has shown himself worthy of it, he is given
+a chance to drive an engine for switching work or on a freight train.
+The first years of his life as an engineer are very hard, for he has
+to run at all sorts of hours, day and night, winter and summer, and on
+the meanest kinds of trains. If this does not kill him he finally
+becomes engineer on an express and has a better time of it, but a good
+many of the boys prefer to remain firemen all their lives rather than
+stand such hardships. My man Al has tried driving an engine twice, and
+come back to me both times. You can be pretty sure that a man who gets
+to be an engineer on one of the fine trains to-day has earned his
+position. He must know his engine like a book, backwards and forwards,
+must know how to manage her when she is sick and well, and what to do
+if an eccentric breaks or a piston gets leaking or a valve-spindle is
+bent. He must know how to work the injector so as to keep water enough
+in the boiler without wasting any by the steam blowing off. He must be
+able to save power by working the steam expansively and yet keeping up
+his speed; he must know every inch of the road, the grades, bridges,
+switches, curves, and tunnels, and all the trains he has to pass or
+which may pass him. He must be able to control his train and engine at
+full speed, must understand the effect of the weather on the rails,
+must know how to use the air-brakes and the reversing-lever, and when
+not to use them."
+
+I listened and marvelled.
+
+"What would you do in a collision?" I asked.
+
+The engineer pushed back the little black skullcap from his iron-gray
+hair and said, in the low tone which is usual with him:
+
+"It is pretty hard to say what a man should do when he hears the
+whistle of danger ahead or sees that a crash is coming. Even the best
+of us are liable to get confused at such a moment. What would you do
+if you woke up in the night and found a burglar holding a pistol at
+your head? There are no rules for such cases. What I would not do,
+though, is to reverse my engine, although many engineers are liable to
+lose their heads at a critical moment and make that mistake. It is a
+curious thing that reversing your engine suddenly when going at high
+speed makes the train go faster instead of slower. The reason is that
+the drivers slip and the locomotive shoots ahead as if she were on
+skates. The only thing to do is to put on the air-brakes and pray
+hard."
+
+The man's words, all the more impressive for their rugged simplicity,
+brought to my mind again the thought of danger, for in spite of the
+wonderful system by which these flying trains are run, in spite of the
+elaborate precautions taken and the many eyes forever watching to see
+that they are carried out, it is impossible to go through such an
+experience as mine without realizing that there is danger in these
+desperate dashes. Suppose something goes wrong on the track ahead
+while the train is making sixty or seventy miles an hour. Suppose, as
+the whirling caravan rounds a curve or plunges through a tunnel,
+another whirling caravan is seen blocking the path. Then what? Would
+there be time to stop? Could the engineer, with all his skill and
+bravery, prevent disaster? With the old trains running forty miles an
+hour, seven hundred and sixty feet of track was necessary to bring the
+locomotive and six cars to a dead stop from full speed. No one has
+ever made the experiment with the Chicago flyer or the Empire State
+express, but unquestionably it would take at least a thousand feet of
+track to stop either of them, and many things can happen in a thousand
+feet. There are never more than a thousand feet, and very often only a
+few hundred, between the three sets of signals, with their red, green,
+and yellow bars, which are shown at each station of the block system
+all along the route. As there are a hundred of these stations between
+New York and Albany, that gives three hundred sets of signals to be
+instantly recognized and obeyed on this relay alone, and a man had
+better die than make a mistake. Now there are two difficulties with
+these signals; in the first place, some of them are so close together
+that no human power could stop the train in the space between them;
+and in the second place, going at such a speed, it is almost
+impossible to distinguish the green signals against the background of
+foliage. Already it has been found necessary to substitute yellow
+signals for green ones in a number of cases.
+
+While we were talking, a trainman drew a dead chicken from between two
+bars of the cowcatcher, where its head was wedged. It had been struck
+so suddenly that the feathers were scarcely rumpled, and the lucky
+finder evidently proposed to have broiled poulet for dinner. I had
+noticed the poor fowl on the way up, scurrying along in front of the
+engine, and pitied its stupidity in refusing to leave the track, as it
+might perfectly well have done. Buchanan told me that they often catch
+chickens in this way, and find them excellent eating. Then he went on
+to describe the sensations of running over animals and men.
+
+"It always seems to me, sir, that the engine hates to kill a man as
+much as we do. Of course, it's only a fancy, but once, up at
+Germantown, when the sheet-iron flange around the tender cut off a
+man's head clean as a razor, the fireman and I both felt the engine
+tremble in a queer way. Another time there was a man on the track who
+had just come out of a hospital, and, instead of killing him, old 870
+just caught him gently on her cowcatcher and threw him off the track
+without doing him any injury except a broken arm. It's curious about
+animals. The ones we dread most are hogs. A fat hog will throw a train
+off the track quicker than a horse or a cow. When we see a cow or
+horse ahead we put on full speed and try to hurl them clear of the
+track. If we strike them going slow we are apt to get the worst of
+it."
+
+There is a sympathy which draws together two men who have ridden side
+by side on an engine running seventy miles an hour, and I was glad to
+accept Engineer Buchanan's invitation to pay him a visit at his place
+up the Hudson. No contrast could be greater or more charming than that
+between the engineer at his post of danger and endurance, and the
+father and husband, in his pretty vine-covered home by the river. Mr.
+Buchanan in private life is a prosperous resident of Morris Heights,
+where he owns valuable property, and enjoys alternate days among the
+flowers, fruits, and vegetables of his garden. This garden is the
+pride of his life, and, next to bringing a train in on time, I believe
+he takes more pride in his roses, grapes, peas, and onions than in
+anything in the world. We sat for a long time on the engineer's
+favorite bench, under a cool grape arbor, with the river running
+lazily at our feet. Buchanan, looking like a different man in
+citizen's dress, talked unpretentiously of his life. There was no
+posing as a hero, no complaining about hardships, just a simple,
+straight-forward story of twenty-six years passed almost entirely on
+an engine--twenty-six years of constant danger. Surely that ought to
+have some curious influence on the human mind and character. In
+Buchanan's case this influence certainly has been for good, for he
+told me how, as a young man, he had come out of the war with
+shiftless, lazy habits, fond of wasting his time and money in Eighth
+Avenue saloons, and then how he had become steady and saving, when he
+began to run regularly on an engine.
+
+"When I used to be away on long stretches," he said, "with nothing to
+do but think, I saw how foolish it was giving my money to a saloon
+keeper for him to put in the bank instead of putting it there myself.
+It used to come to me at night, as the engine ran along through the
+shadows, that the friends I had down in the city were not good for
+much, and that, if I lost my job or was hurt in an accident, they
+would be the first to turn their backs on me. At last I decided to get
+away from all my bad associations and from New York too; so I scraped
+together what money I could and bought this land, where I have lived
+ever since with my wife and children. That was the best day's work I
+ever did. It was a hard-looking place when I bought it, nothing but
+rocks and weeds, but I was proud of it, and put in all my spare time
+fixing it up until I have made it what it is to-day."
+
+As he spoke the engineer's eyes wandered complacently over the
+gardens, the trim gravel walks, and the pretty house--everything as
+neat and spic-span as the kitchen of a Dutch house-wife.
+
+When not busy with his garden Buchanan's favorite occupation is
+reading histories of the war and reminiscences of its great generals.
+He will sit in his rocking-chair on the shady piazza for hours,
+reading of Lincoln and McClellan and the stirring scenes in which he
+himself took part--the battles of Second Bull Run, Seven Days, Big
+Bethel, and Bristol Station. He has fought these battles over again
+hundreds of times in his fancy, and many a lonely hour on the track
+has been brightened by the memories of what he saw and did in the
+great struggle. His admiration for General McClellan knows no bound,
+and he entered into quite an argument to show that "McClellan did all
+the work, sir, and the other fellows got all the glory." The only
+vacation Buchanan has taken in a quarter of a century was a few years
+ago, when he went South for a month to see the old battlefields once
+more; but they were all changed, and he came back saddened. "I shall
+never lay off again," he said, "until I lay off for good."
+
+Archie Buchanan is but a fair type of the loyal fellows who drive the
+flying engines of to-day. Many of them are as thrifty as he is; he
+told me of one veteran in the company's employ, Thomas Dormatty, who
+has property in Schenectady valued at one hundred thousand dollars,
+and who, in spite of his seventy years, does his regular run between
+Albany and Syracuse. It is easy to see what that means of saving and
+prudent investment, when one remembers that the best engineers receive
+only from one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty dollars per
+month. And when they have finished their terms of usefulness, and are
+unable to run any longer, that same day their pay stops, as it stops
+when they are ill; for railway companies are not philanthropists and
+have no pension system.
+
+I was glad to learn that there is no truth in the popular notion that
+engineers are full of superstition. Buchanan told me he had never
+experienced any such feeling, and had never known a superstitious
+engineer, with the exception of Nat Sawyer, the veteran who is now at
+Chicago with Engine 999. It is Nat who runs "the bosses' engine"--that
+is, the luxurious observation car which takes the directors and
+officials of the road on their tours of inspection. In spite of his
+well-proven courage, Engineer Sawyer always hesitates to go out on his
+engine if he meets a cross-eyed person in the morning on his way to
+the roundhouse. That, however, is only the exception which proves the
+rule.
+
+As he was showing me about his house, which is furnished with taste
+and comfort, Buchanan stopped before two large portraits of his father
+and mother. Both of them are alive. His father is eighty-seven, his
+mother four years younger. Speaking of his parents, the engineer said
+reverently: "My father was a blacksmith and gave me a strong body, but
+my mother did more for me than that, because she has prayed for me
+every day of her life, and I have never had an accident on a train and
+never got so much as a scratch in the war."
+
+When I spoke of religion Buchanan showed some reticence. "How can I
+get time to go to church," he said, "when I run my engine every other
+day in the year, Sundays, holidays, and all? I guess my religion is
+hard work, and I don't know but it's as good as any other."
+
+The religion of hard work! Is it possible for the man who drives one
+of our great modern trains to have any other religion than that?
+Fifteen days in the month, twelve months in the year, he runs his
+engine three hundred miles; and besides that, does extra work when a
+sick comrade must be replaced, or the occasion demands. The remaining
+days of the year he is resting for the strain and responsibility of
+the morrow. He worships in the same place that he does his duty, under
+the broad arch of heaven; his creed is to keep the train on time, his
+prayer that danger may be averted. And when his eyes fail or his
+health breaks down, he says good-by to the old engine which has been
+his comrade on many a thrilling ride, and spends the years that remain
+in some quiet, vine-covered home like the one I saw up the Hudson.
+
+
+
+
+AMONG THE GORILLAS.
+
+A VOICE FROM THE WILDERNESS.
+
+BY R. L. GARNER, Author of "The Speech of Monkeys," etc.
+
+
+An article written from the wilds of Africa may be expected to contain
+long tales of bloody deeds and great perils, of narrow escapes from
+hungry lions, battles with hordes of gory cannibals, and dramatic
+rescue in the nick of time, followed by a swift revenge and a grand
+flourish of trumpets; but as I have never been so fortunate in my
+travels as to meet with the romantic events that are so common to many
+travellers, I must ask my readers to be content with some plain facts,
+set forth in simple prose; and as my mission to Africa is in search of
+the truth in certain lines, I feel excused from any attempt to paint,
+in the rosy hues of fancy, such thrilling scenes as some depict.
+
+I shall omit some details of travel which are full of interest, but as
+many of my detours have been over routes that have been travelled by
+others and described by some, in various tints of truth and fiction, I
+shall pass, with long strides, over the time since my arrival on the
+coast to the present.
+
+As the chief object of my visit to this wilderness is to study the
+habits of the gorilla and chimpanzee in a state of nature, I shall
+confine myself chiefly to them, and to such things as I find among the
+natives in common with them.
+
+After a long voyage of thirty-six days from England, I arrived in
+Gaboon, the capital of the French Congo, where I was kindly received
+by the governor and others, and assured of any aid that they could
+render me. They manifested great interest in my work and anxiety for
+its success.
+
+During my stay of some weeks there I acquired much information, of
+great value to me, about the distribution of various tribes, and also
+of the apes. In the meantime I paid a visit to the king of the
+M'pongwè people, in his country called Denni, lying on the south side
+of the Gaboon River. The name of the king is Adandè Repontjombo, which
+means _the son_ of Repontjombo, who was king when Paul du Chaillu was
+in Africa.
+
+The dignity of king, in Africa, does not rank with such a title in
+Europe. Here his powers are but little superior to those of any other
+native. He works, hunts, loafs, begs and lies just as others do. I
+must make an exception of the King of Denni, who is, by far, the best
+of all the royal Africans I have met, much of which is due to a good
+education, and his contact with white men. King Adandè is an
+intelligent man, and well informed on many subjects. He reads, writes
+and speaks English and French in addition to his native tongue.
+
+A visit to the king, here, is not a matter of so much pomp and
+ceremony as such a visit to the sovereign of Great Britain, but to me
+it was novel and full of deep interest.
+
+Leaving Gaboon near the beginning of the year, I came to this section,
+known as Fernan Vaz, but by the natives called Eliüe N'Kãmi. The
+portion to which this name belongs extends from about one degree south
+latitude to about one degree forty-five minutes south along the coast,
+and thence, toward the interior, about three or four days' journey up
+the Rembo N'Kãmi, embracing the great lake and surrounding country;
+and this is the true habitat of the gorilla, which the natives called
+_n'jina_ (n'geena).
+
+After arranging here for a sojourn of a few months, I placed the most
+of my heavy effects in the custody of the Ste. Anne Mission, and began
+a journey up the Ogowe. I proceeded as far as N'djolè, which is about
+two hundred and twenty miles from the coast. Along the way I made many
+inquiries about the gorilla, but elicited little information of any
+value. At a village called Ouimbiana, near an outlet of a lake called
+Ezhanga, a native offered me quite a fine skull of a gorilla in
+exchange for rum or tobacco, but, not having either of these current
+articles of trade, I could not make the purchase. The animal had been
+killed near Lake Ezhanga, which lies on the south side of the Ogowe,
+and about four days from the coast. At Lambarenè, about one day higher
+up the river, I was presented with a fine skull from near that same
+lake. At N'djolè I was assured that five gorillas had been seen near
+there only a few weeks before my visit, and that two native Pangwès
+had been killed by them, on the south side of the river. But it is
+very rare that one is ever seen so far away from the coast. I did not
+hear of one on the north side of the river, and the natives all along
+told me that they were all on the south side.
+
+On my return I went into the Lake Ezhanga section, where I had heard
+they were abundant, but, on reaching the south side of the lake, I was
+told that they lived far away in the bush, and that ten boys and a
+canoe could take me in one day to the very spot where schools of them
+revel all the day and howl most of the night; but I didn't go.
+
+I must digress for a moment to tell you what a superb lake the Ezhanga
+is, dotted with islands, among which are some perfect gems of wild
+and varied beauty. It is a sublime panorama. Down to the very edge of
+the water hang perfect walls of trailing vines and weeping trees,
+which look like the ivy-clad ruins of mediæval England. Towers of
+green, of every shade the most vivid fancy can depict; crumbling
+turrets and broken arches, hung with garlands of flowers. Here are
+some of the most brilliant flowers and gorgeous foliage I have yet
+seen in this tropical land. In one part of the lake is a vast
+archipelago, which forms a gigantic labyrinth of coves and grottos. At
+places the boughs from island to island almost meet overhead, forming
+a grand archway of varied green set with the jewels of the floral
+queen, and looking as though Dame Nature and her maids had decked it
+for their own triumphal arch. Within the deep and solemn shadows of
+these sylvan naves no sunbeams kiss the limpid waters, and not a voice
+disturbs their quiet, save the harsh scream of the eagle or the wail
+of the lone ibis. Now and then is seen some bird with plumage of most
+brilliant tint, which looks as if its costume were designed for such a
+place, and here and there the fish disport in some retired nook.
+
+When once this fairy land is passed, the waters broaden to an inland
+sea, with only a few islands of a larger size. Some of these are
+skirted with wide bands of grass, sometimes sweeping away between the
+trees in a long vista, on whose green expanse stands, perhaps, a
+solitary hut, and on which feed the herds of hippopotami which lead a
+life of idle luxury along these fertile shores and in the lonely
+waters of this sea of dreams.
+
+Coming on down the Ogowe, I spent four days in a native village of the
+Orungo tribe. The town is called M'biro, but I do not know what the
+name signifies unless it is _mud_. I was kindly treated by the people,
+who delighted in hearing of some of the wonders of my country. The old
+king was in ecstasies at my efforts to speak a few phrases of his
+language, and vowed that nothing except a former betrothal restrained
+him from offering me his daughter for a wife, to go with me to my
+country and see some of the things of which I had told him. At this
+place I was again assured that the gorilla lived on the south side of
+the river.
+
+My next point was Fernan Vaz, which I reached in two days' journey
+along the Jimbogombi, one of the most beautiful rivers one can
+imagine. It is bordered with myriads of stately palms, bamboos, and
+ferns, relieved by vines, orchids, and flowers. Here the monkey revels
+in the plenitude of wild fruits, and the pheasant finds a safe retreat
+from crafty woodsmen, while birds of diverse kinds invoke the spirit
+of nature with the voice of song.
+
+On reaching Ste. Anne I selected a site for my cage and erected it at
+once. It is located in the heart of the jungle, a trifle more than a
+mile from any human habitation, and I named it Fort Gorilla. It is in
+a spot where nothing but the denizens of the bush has any cause to
+come. It is near a grove of plantains, on which the gorilla feasts
+with the gusto of a charter member of the Gourmand Club. He does not
+care so much for the fruit, but takes out the tender heart of the
+young stalk, which is quite succulent, and eats it with an appetite
+peculiar to his race.
+
+Before my cage was quite in order to receive, I had my first call from
+a young gorilla, who came within about ten yards, as if to see what
+was going on. I had my rifle in my hand, but did not fire at him, as I
+desired to have him call again and bring his friends. He didn't tarry
+long, but hurried off into the bush as though he had something to
+tell.
+
+The third day after my cage was complete, a family of ten gorillas
+crossed the rear of the open grounds belonging to the mission, and not
+more than two hundred yards from the house. A small native boy was
+within some twenty yards of them when they crossed the path in front
+of him. Within a few minutes I was notified of the fact, and took my
+rifle and followed them into the bush until I lost their trail. A few
+hours later they were seen again by some natives, not far away from my
+cage, but they did not call on me. The next day, however, I had a
+visit from a group who came within some thirty yards of the cage. The
+bush was so dense that I could not see them, but I could easily
+distinguish four or five voices, which seemed to be engaged in a
+family broil of some kind. I suppose that they were the same family
+that had been seen the day before.
+
+Père Buleon, _le père supérieur_ of Ste. Anne, tells me that he has
+twice seen a family of gorillas feeding in a plantain grove, and that,
+on both occasions, the father gorilla sat quietly eating the fruit
+which the others gathered and brought to him. I have learned from
+other reliable sources that gorillas are often seen in groups or
+families of twelve or fifteen, and always have one which seems to be
+chief among them, and this one the natives call _ekombo n'jina_, which
+means gorilla king.
+
+It is the current belief that these groups consist of one adult male,
+and a number of females and their young. The gorilla is evidently
+polygamous, but when he once adopts a wife she remains so for years,
+and a certain degree of marital fidelity is observed. The same
+practice prevails with the natives, with one exception in favor of the
+gorilla, and that is that I have never heard of one selling one of his
+wives, which the natives frequently do.
+
+As far as it can be said that the gorilla has any form of government,
+it is strictly patriarchal, and there are reasons to justify the
+belief that they have some fixed ideas of order and justice. Many of
+the natives declare that they have seen the gorillas holding a
+palaver, at which the king always presided, while the others stood or
+sat in a semicircle, talking in an excited manner. They do not claim
+to have interpreted what was said or understood the nature of the
+quarrel, but, as a rule, all natives believe that the gorilla has a
+language which is understood among themselves, and used in the same
+manner as man uses his speech.
+
+To my mind it is quite evident that the habit of the gorilla is to go
+in groups, although it is a very common thing to see one quite alone,
+or to see a single pair of them. I think, as a rule, when you see one
+alone it is a young male who has set out in the world for himself, and
+the pair is perhaps a bridal couple.
+
+The next visit I received was by a fine young chimpanzee, who came to
+an opening in the bush, where he stopped and took quite a look at the
+situation. He betrayed no sign of alarm, and seemed half-way tempted
+to come nearer, but after a halt of nearly a minute he resumed his
+march with an air of great leisure, nor did he deign to turn his head
+to see if I followed him.
+
+On the day after this a young gorilla came within six or seven yards
+of my cage and took a good peep at me. He stood for a few seconds,
+holding on to a bush with one hand; his lips were relaxed and his
+mouth half open, as if surprised and perplexed at what he beheld. His
+countenance did not portray either fear or anger, but utter amazement.
+I heard him creeping through the bush before I saw him, and I don't
+think he was aware of my presence until he was so near. During this
+short visit I sat as still as a statue, and I think he was in doubt as
+to whether I was alive or not; but when he turned away into the bush
+he lost no time in getting out of reach. He uttered no sound except a
+suppressed _umph_!
+
+A day or two later I heard a couple among the plantains, but could
+only get the faintest glimpse of them. They were talking but little,
+and I don't think they broke any of the stalks. As well as I could
+determine, there were only two, but they were of good size and alike
+in color.
+
+At this moment I hear one tearing a plantain stalk within about thirty
+yards of me. I can only hear one voice, but as they do not talk much
+when alone, I presume there are more of them not far away. He is
+uttering a low murmuring sound which seems to express pleasure, but I
+am not yet able to translate it into English. Time and patience,
+however, will accomplish that, and much more.
+
+It is a fact worthy of notice that some of the sounds uttered by the
+gorilla and chimpanzee are identical with certain sounds in the
+native language, and it is quite as easy to find letters to represent
+them. One word in N'Kãmi, meaning _yes_ or _assent_, is exactly the
+same as one sound that is much used by the chimpanzee, but is not
+within the scope of any known system of phonetic symbols. The same is
+true of the word for _five_ in one dialect of Kroo speech.
+
+My visitor has gone from the plantain grove without calling to pay his
+respects, but I am now being closely inspected by a young porcupine,
+who doesn't appear to be so shy as his elders are; and just in the
+rear of my domicile is a large school of mangaby monkeys who come
+frequently to visit me. There are about twenty of them, some very
+large, and as I have never disturbed them, they seem to be getting
+more familiar. In fact, I am seldom without something to interest,
+amuse, or edify me. Parrots, toucans, and scores of other birds keep
+up a constant babel, and it is no longer such a novelty to me to hear
+a gorilla near my fort. At night I frequently have a leopard or
+bush-cat visit me; it is then too dark to shoot them, but my interest
+is centr----s--s--st!--s--s--st! Oh, the precious moment! I have just
+had a new and grand experience. I am a trifle nervous, but I must tell
+you. While writing the last few lines above, a large dog from the
+mission came to pay me a visit. He has become attached to me, and has
+learned the way to my retreat. He soon found a bone which I had thrown
+into the bush, and began to gnaw with great vigor. Within a few feet
+of my cage is a small, rough path cut through the bush to mark the
+boundary of the mission lands. Suddenly there appeared on the edge of
+this path a huge female gorilla, carrying a young one on her back. She
+was not more than thirty feet from me when I first saw her, and her
+tread was so stealthy that I did not hear the rustle of a leaf. She
+peeped along the edge of the bush with the greatest caution, with her
+whole attention fixed upon the dog. In a few moments she advanced very
+softly towards him, with the evident purpose of attack, until she was
+within a measured distance of eleven feet of me, without having
+observed my presence, I think. The dog was not aware of her approach,
+and she was now within fourteen feet of him. With my rifle at my elbow
+I was prepared for action in an instant, as I did not want her to kill
+the dog. As I cocked my gun she stopped, sat down on the ground for a
+few seconds, and gave me such a look of scorn that I almost felt that
+I had done wrong to interfere. She then turned away uneasily and
+retraced her steps with moderate haste, but she did not run, or betray
+much sign of fear. In an instant she was lost in the bush, and not the
+faintest sound was uttered. There were doubtless more of them near by,
+as the natives say it is very rare to find one female and babe alone,
+but so far as I could see she was all alone. She may have been a
+widow, and if so, I should think her chances to remain so were very
+fine, if beauty goes at par among her beaux, for she certainly was one
+of the most hideous-looking things I have ever seen.
+
+The temptation to shoot her was almost too great to resist, and the
+desire to capture the babe made it all the more so, but I have
+refrained, so far, from firing my gun anywhere near my cage. I could
+have shot this one to-day with such ease and safety that I almost
+regret that I did not, but she may return.
+
+I have had the pleasure this afternoon of hearing three others howling
+in different directions, one of which appears to be a very large one.
+
+I have been told that the gorilla builds a rude hut or shelter in
+which he makes his home, but, so far, I have found no trace of any
+kind of structure built by them, nor can any native tell me where one
+can be found. I do not believe that he has the most remote idea of a
+home. He is nomadic in habit, and I doubt if he ever spends two nights
+in the same place. During the day gorillas wander about from place to
+place in quest of food, and wherever night finds them they remain till
+morning. They are not nocturnal in habit, and the stories of their
+howling and talking all night are not well founded. They do sometimes
+yell at night, I have no doubt, but I think it is not common with
+them, though at the first sign of dawn they make their presence known,
+and no one will mistake the cause of the sound. One morning, about
+five o'clock, I was startled from my sleep by one of the most terrific
+yells, within about one hundred feet of my cage. It was not simply one
+great shout, but a long series of sounds of varying pitch and
+loudness, and at intervals of something like a minute they were
+repeated, for about ten or twelve times, and to my ear appeared to be
+exactly the same each time. I quietly turned out of bed and dressed
+myself; I took my rifle and sat down, and watched until long after
+sunrise, in the hope that they would pass by my cage. All the sounds
+came from one direction until the last two, which indicated to me that
+the author of them was changing his location. My interpretation of the
+sound was that it was from the king gorilla, to arouse his family, who
+were doubtless scattered off into different trees for the night. The
+sound did not suggest to my mind any idea of fear, anger, or mirth,
+but business, and I am inclined to believe that the chief of the clan
+summons all to the march when he thinks it time to move. The
+succeeding morning I heard the same sounds repeated in another
+direction, and, I suspect, by the same gorilla.
+
+The usual pictures of the gorilla do not represent him as I have seen
+him. He has not only a crouching habit, but he walks on all four of
+his legs, and has the motion of most quadrupeds, using his right arm
+and left leg at the same time, and alternates with the left arm and
+right leg. It is not exactly a walk or a trot, but a kind of ambling
+gait, while the chimpanzee uses his arms as crutches, but lifts one
+foot from the ground a little in advance of the other. They do not
+place the palm of the hand on the ground, but use the back of the
+fingers from the second joint, and at times the one I have described
+above seemed to touch only the back of the nails, but this was when
+she was scarcely moving at all. I am now preparing to photograph some
+of them, and I think I can give a more reliable picture of this
+animal than I have ever seen heretofore.
+
+As to the stories about their howling all night, I would add that
+there is a large bird here which makes a sound very much like one
+sound made by the gorilla, and it is a very easy matter to mistake it.
+When I first came I was often deceived by it myself, but now I can
+detect it very easily. This bird cries at all hours, and I think it
+has imposed upon the honest credulity of many strangers.
+
+It is said that at night the king gorilla selects a large tree in
+which he places his family, and then takes up position at the base of
+the tree to ward off any harm during the night. I very much doubt this
+story. I think it quite probable that the gorillas habitually sleep in
+trees at night, but from all I can learn of the king, he looks after
+his own comfort and safety first, and lets his family do as they can.
+I have also heard that the king always finds a place of safety for
+them before he will attack a foe, but this is not confirmed by any
+fact that I can obtain. The gorilla will avoid an attack unless
+surprised or wounded, and in such an event he wastes no time in
+formalities.
+
+Two stories of the gorilla are in stereotype, and every native will
+furnish you with a certified copy, without the slightest variation of
+the text. One is, that when a gorilla kills a man he tears open the
+breast and drinks the blood of his victim; and the other, that a
+gorilla seizes the barrel of a gun and crushes it with his teeth. The
+uniform version of these two stories is such as to make one believe
+that they have been taught by rote, and I am in doubt as to their
+authorship; they have a strong tincture of the white man's yarns.
+
+The thrilling stories about gorillas stealing women and holding them
+as captives in the bush, and of their taking children and holding them
+for ransom, are mere freaks of fancy, and I can find no native of the
+land in which the gorilla is found who believes that such a thing ever
+occurred, but all assert that man, woman, and child fare alike in the
+hands of this cruel beast. Such stories abound in the parts where no
+gorillas were ever seen, but when you get into his true range his
+real history loses much of its poesy.
+
+Many of the stories told of him, however, in his own land, are novel
+and curious, but conflicting, and some of them absurd; yet all agree
+in one respect, and that is that his savage instincts and great
+strength make him the terror of the forest, and I have no doubt that
+when he is in a rage he is both fierce and powerful; but I am still
+inclined to believe that both his ferocity and his strength are rated
+far above their true value, and it is stated as a current fact that in
+combat with the chimpanzee the gorilla always gets whipped, and often
+killed. I cannot testify to this, as I have not seen such a fight, and
+they seldom occur, yet I have reason to believe it to be true.
+
+I have heard a story of the origin of man and the gorilla, which I
+shall relate as a queer bit of native lore. It is confined to the
+Galoi tribe, and appears to be of recent origin, and, to my mind, has
+a strong Caucasian flavor; besides, no vestige of such a tale is found
+in any other tribe that I have seen.
+
+They say that Einyambie (God) had four sons who lived with him in some
+aërial abode, and three of them came to the earth, leaving the oldest
+one with Einyambie. On their arrival here they held a big palaver as
+to what mode of life they should adopt. The oldest of the three wanted
+to build a town and plant some fruit, but the other two preferred to
+live in the forest and subsist upon the wild products of nature.
+Accordingly they separated, and the oldest went and built him a town,
+and planted some bananas and manioc, while the other two roamed about
+through the primeval bush, and ate such wild fruits as they could
+find, but they had no fire. After some talk about the matter, it was
+agreed that the older of the two should go to the brother in the town,
+and ask him for fire, while the younger should remain in the bush and
+gather up sticks of dry wood to burn. The one who had gone to town
+soon returned with fire, and the two got on quite well for a time, but
+when the wet season came on they found it more difficult to procure
+food, and at last it was decided that the elder should again visit the
+town to ask their brother to supply them, and the younger should
+remain to keep up the fire; but the youth went to sleep and let it die
+out, so, when the other returned with food, they had no fire to cook
+it. This vexed the elder very much and a quarrel ensued, in
+consequence of which they separated. The youngest brother was left
+alone in the deep bush, and, thus cut off from all fellowship with his
+brethren, he wandered about until he became wild and fierce, and for
+want of clothing was exposed to the weather, until a coat of hair grew
+all over him, and in this wise came the gorilla into the world.
+
+The next older brother, on leaving the remote forest, took up his
+abode near the town, and by this means came in contact at times with
+his brother in the town, from whom he learned a few useful things, and
+thus became more wise and civil than the one left in the bush; and
+from this one came the "bushman;" while the progeny of the one who
+built the town are _the people_ of the world. Such is the origin on
+earth of these three kindred races, as told by the sages of Galoi.
+
+You will observe that this novel has no woman in it, and her origin
+remains a question in Galoi.
+
+As a rule, the natives do not eat the gorilla, and very seldom kill
+one, but this I attribute more to fear than to respect. That great
+tribe of cannibals known as Pangwe, however, slay and eat him without
+compunction. This tribe was scarcely known on the coast a few years
+ago, but they are shifting like the desert sands from the interior,
+northeast of the Gaboon, to the coast southwest, until to-day they are
+found throughout the valley of the Ogowe, and as far south as Selle
+Kama, on the coast. They are the Jews of West Africa, and the life and
+soul of the trade of this part. They go into the bush for ivory,
+ebony, piassava, and dye-woods, and carry them for days to find sale
+for them. They drink much less rum than other natives, and deprecate
+slavery in all forms, except as hostage; but they are cruel, savage,
+and treacherous, and hold human life at small value.
+
+Up to this time I have not told you of the chimpanzee, which I have
+long believed to be the social and mental superior of the gorilla. My
+opinion was based upon a study of their skulls, and I was aware that
+many great men of science held opposite views; but all the evidence
+that I can find here, where they are best known, tends to confirm my
+belief. Every instinct of the gorilla seems to be averse to all human
+society; he delights in a life of seclusion in the most remote and
+desolate parts of the jungle, and I have never heard of but one
+gorilla that became even tolerant to man, much less attached to him,
+and this one was a mere infant. I have seen a few in captivity, but
+all of them are vicious, and devoid of any sense of gratitude
+whatever. On the other hand, the chimpanzee delights in the society of
+man, and displays many good traits. It is not at all rare to find tame
+ones on this coast, going about the premises at large, and quite as
+much at home as any resident. With this short preface I desire to
+introduce my own young friend, who lives with me in my forest home. He
+is a fine specimen of the chimpanzee race, and I call him Moses,
+because he was found in a papyrus swamp of the Ogowe. He is devoted to
+me, and cries after me like a spoiled baby, and follows me like a pet
+dog. I do not confine him, so he goes about in the bush near the cage,
+and selects some of the tender buds of young plants and vines, and
+returns to me to be petted and caressed. He is a great pleasure to me
+as well as a great plague, for he wants to hug me all the time, and
+never wants me to put him down. About ten o'clock every day he comes
+for a nap, and when I wrap him up and lay him on a box by my side, he
+sleeps quietly till noon. After a good sleep he climbs on my lap and
+embraces me with devotion, until I really tire of him. Much of the
+time I write with him on my lap, and when I put him outside the cage
+he climbs up near me, and begs and pulls my sleeve until I relent, and
+let him come inside again. When I leave my cage I usually take him
+with me, and when he sees me take my rifle he begins to fret, until I
+let him mount my back, which he does with great skill, and hangs on to
+me like the ivy to a church wall. A few days since, as we were
+returning from a short tour, I saw a young chimpanzee crossing the
+path about thirty yards from us, and I tried to induce Moses to call
+his little cousin; but he declined to do so, and I accused him of
+being proud because he was mounted and the other was afoot, and hence
+he would not speak to him.
+
+I am trying to teach Moses to speak English, but up to this time he
+has not succeeded. He tries to move his lips as I do, but makes no
+sound. However, he has only been in school a very short term, and I
+think he will learn by and by. I am also trying him on some simple
+problems with blocks, and sometimes I think he is doing quite
+well. I am giving him some lessons in cleanliness, and he listens
+with profound silence to my precepts, but when it comes to taking a
+bath, Moses is a rank heretic. He will allow his hands to be washed,
+but when it comes to wetting his face, no logic will convince him
+that he needs it. He has a great horror for large bugs, and when one
+comes near him he will talk like a phonograph, and brush at it
+with his hands until he gets rid of it. When he sees or hears anything
+strange, he always tells me in a low tone, unless it comes too
+near, and then he announces it with a yell. At times I refuse to pay
+any attention to him, and he will fall down, scream, and sulk like
+a very naughty child. He is extremely jealous, and does not want
+any one to come near me. I have made him a neat little house, with
+hammock and mosquito-bar, and at night I tuck him in, when he
+sleeps quietly until late in the morning. Then he crawls out, rubbing
+his eyes, and wants his breakfast. He wants to try everything he
+sees me eat.
+
+I must now tell you of the most novel and singular thing known of the
+chimpanzee, the native name of which is "_n'tyigo_" (n'cheego). All
+native tribes in this part of Africa use some species of drum to make
+the music for their frequent dances. The drum used by the N'Kãmi is
+called _n'gäma_, and the dance is called _kãnjo_. The chimpanzees have
+a similar fête, and set to similar music. They meet in great numbers
+at a certain place in the bush, and beat their strange tum-tum, which
+the natives call the _n'gäma n'tyigo_. The performer makes a peculiar
+humming vocal sound while he beats on his mysterious drum with great
+zeal, during which time all the others go through a series of frantic
+motions which resemble a dance, and which the natives call the _kãnjo
+n'tyigo_. When the music ceases, the dance ends for the time, and all
+the group join in a loud, wild shout. After a brief pause the dance is
+resumed, and these festivities are often continued for two or three
+hours. At intervals the musician is relieved by another taking his
+place, and two at a time have been known to beat and hum.
+
+I have heard of this in many parts of Africa with some slight
+changes of detail, but have as often been assured that it had
+defied the skill of all woodsmen to ascertain the real character of
+the drum used by them in this unique _n'kãnjo_. Some assert that
+they beat upon a dead tree, others that they use a concave piece of
+wood or bark, while some contend that they strike the breast with
+their hands; but, during my sojourn here, I have been shown what I
+believe is the genuine _n'gäma n'tyigo_. It is a peculiar spot of
+sonorous earth, of irregular shape but usually about two feet in
+diameter, and formed of clay superimposed upon a soil resembling
+peat. It appears to be artificial, but the natives cannot tell
+whether it is natural or made by the _n'tyigo_, but it is fairly
+certain that it is used by the chimpanzee as described, and it is
+not a bad imitation of the native _n'gäma_. I have examined one of
+these with much care, and I am inclined to believe that it is
+artificial, as it is isolated from all similar clay, and appears to
+have been kneaded.
+
+I have, as yet, seen but few chimpanzees since I have taken up my
+abode at Fort Gorilla, but I hope to enjoy some private interviews
+with them before I decamp.
+
+It is difficult for me to tell you what it is to be alone in the bosom
+of the N'Kãmi forest. No fancy can portray the solitude of such a time
+and place. Just now the elements are in an angry mood; the thunder
+rolls along the sky, until the earth recoils and trembles at the
+sound; the wind shrieks through the jungle as if to find a refuge from
+impending wrath; the pouring rain pursues it with the speed of fear;
+the lightning waves its torch, and glowing chains of fire fall. Such
+is the way in which the long and dreary nights approach my hermitage.
+And yet, I am content among the dismal shadows of the wilderness, for
+Nature makes me her confidant, and every hour divulges some new
+secret; and my cage affords me such immunity from danger that I can
+sit quiescently and witness all her sports, as no one ever witnessed
+them before.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
+
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+<title>McClure's Magazine, Vol. I, No. 4, September 1893, a Project Gutenberg eBook</title>
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2011 [EBook #36784]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Katherine Ward, Juliet Sutherland, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>McClure&#8217;s Magazine</h1>
+<hr class='mini' />
+<p class='center larger'><b>September, 1893.</b></p>
+<p class='center larger'><b>Vol. I. No. 4</b></p>
+<p class='center padtop smaller'>Copyright, 1893, by <span class='smcap'>S. S. McClure</span>, Limited. All rights reserved.</p>
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0' summary='Contents' style='margin:1em auto;'>
+<tr>
+  <td />
+  <td valign='top' align='right'><p class="smaller ralign">PAGE</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Edward E. Hale. The Man with a Country.</span> By Herbert D. Ward.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#EDWARD_E_HALE_THE_MAN_WITH_A_COUNTRY__BY_HERBERT_D'>291</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>How Cassie Saved the Spoons.</span> By Annie Howells Fréchette.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#HOW_CASSIE_SAVED_THE_SPOONS_BY_ANNIE_HOWELLS_FRCHE'>301</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Surrender.</span> By Gertrude Hall.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#SURRENDER_BY_GERTRUDE_HALL'>308</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>&#8220;Human Documents.&#8221;</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#HUMAN_DOCUMENTS'>309</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Dreams Go By Contraries.</span> By George H. Jessop.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#DREAMS_GO_BY_CONTRARIES_BY_GEORGE_H_JESSOP'>318</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>The Tables Turned.</span> By William Wordsworth.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_TABLES_TURNED_BY_WILLIAM_WORDSWORTH'>326</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Pasteur at Home.</span> By Ida M. Tarbell.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#PASTEUR_AT_HOME_WITH_AN_ACCOUNT_OF_THE_WORK_DONE_A'>327</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Hugh Brontë&#8217;S Courtship.</span> By Doctor William Wright.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#STRANGER_THAN_FICTION_HUGH_BRONTS_COURTSHIP_THE_EL'>341</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>The Legend of the Elephant and the Lion.</span> By Henry M. Stanley.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#THE_LEGEND_OF_THE_ELEPHANT_AND_THE_LION_BY_HENRY_M'>351</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Song.</span> By Thomas Carew.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#SONG_BY_THOMAS_CAREW__15891639'>355</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>The Life and Experiences of an Engineer of a Limited Express.</span> By Cleveland Moffett.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#AT_THE_THROTTLE_THE_LIFE_AND_EXPERIENCES_OF_AN_ENG'>356</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left' style='padding-right:4em;'><span class='smcap'>Among the Gorillas.</span> By R. L. Garner.</td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#AMONG_THE_GORILLAS_A_VOICE_FROM_THE_WILDERNESS__BY'>364</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h2>Illustrations</h2>
+<table border='0' cellpadding='2' cellspacing='0' summary='Illustrations' style='margin:1em auto;'>
+<col style='width:75%;' />
+<col style='width:25%;' />
+<tr>
+  <td />
+  <td valign='top' align='right'><p class="smaller ralign">PAGE</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Residence of Edward Everett Hale.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_1'>292</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Sitting-Room.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_2'>294</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Highland Street, With the Hale Place on the Right.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_3'>295</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Doctor Hale in His Study.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_4'>296</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Library.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_5'>298</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Dining-Room.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_6'>299</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>E. E. Hale in 1847. From a Painting By Richard Hinsdale.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_7'>300</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Emperor William of Germany.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_18'>310</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Eugene Field.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_25'>314</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Colonel Albert A. Pope.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_32'>316</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Statue of Jupille.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_45'>327</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Pasteur Institute.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_46'>328</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Lodge.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_47'>329</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>M. Pasteur in His Salon.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_48'>330</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The House at Dôle.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_49'>331</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>M. Pasteur at Thirty.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_50'>332</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>At the Jubilee of M. Pasteur.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_51'>333</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Portraits of M. Pasteur.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_52'>334</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>A Group of Patients.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_56'>336</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Library.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_57'>337</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>M. Roux.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_58'>337</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Dosing the Virus.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_59'>338</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Dr. Metchnikoff in His Laboratory.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_60'>339</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>Filling the Syringes.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_61'>339</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>The Rabbits&#8217; Quarters.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_62'>340</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td valign='top' align='left'><span class='smcap'>&#8220;The Flyer&#8221; Leaving the Grand Central Station, New York City.</span></td>
+  <td valign='bottom' align='right'><a href='#linki_65'>357</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<a name='EDWARD_E_HALE_THE_MAN_WITH_A_COUNTRY__BY_HERBERT_D' id='EDWARD_E_HALE_THE_MAN_WITH_A_COUNTRY__BY_HERBERT_D'></a>
+<h2>EDWARD E. HALE.<br /><span class='smcaplc'>THE MAN WITH A COUNTRY.</span>
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Herbert D. Ward.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<p>When General Ward
+drove the British
+out of Roxbury
+in the reign of
+George the Third,
+the valuation of
+the town was
+about sixty thousand
+dollars. I do not know at what
+high figure the historic city that guards
+the ashes of John Eliot is held now,
+but I do know that, in this age of
+rapacious corporations and untrustworthy
+trusts, genius outranks gold,
+and that Roxbury receives no small increment
+of her value from the fact that
+Edward E. Hale is one of her most
+distinguished citizens. To one fond of
+perceiving the innate or accidental fitness
+of things, it is, perhaps, more than
+a coincidence that Doctor Hale lives on
+Highland Street, and that his house reminds
+one, with its massive front and
+Ionic columns, of a Greek temple.</p>
+<p>This large house was built, about
+sixty years ago, by Mr. Bradford, for his
+brother-in-law, Reverend Mr. Kent, and
+was used for a young ladies&#8217; boarding-school.
+Even now, on some of the upper
+panes, girls&#8217; names and girlish sentiments
+are to be read. When Doctor
+Hale took the house, some twenty years
+ago, he introduced a carpenter to make
+what are called &#8220;modern improvements.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Mr. Hale,&#8221; said the carpenter, after
+a thorough inspection, &#8220;you are fortunate
+in your bargain. <i>This house was
+built on honor.</i>&#8221; Mr. Hale has had a
+great mind to make this reply the motto
+over his doorway.</p>
+<p>When Doctor Hale once described his
+house to an eminent editor of one of
+our leading magazines, he said: &#8220;You
+cannot mistake it; it is a Greek temple
+just above Eliot Square.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The editor, with the gentle blush that
+frisky memory will bring to the cheeks
+of the staidest, quickly answered:
+&#8220;Yes, I have often worshipped there.&#8221;</p>
+<p>This is not a biographical paper.
+The readers of the &#8220;Atlantic&#8221; will remember
+Doctor Hale&#8217;s description of
+his father, the first of New England&#8217;s
+great railroad pioneers. Every one
+knows that our Mr. Hale was named
+after his uncle, the great Edward Everett;
+but perhaps it is not so generally
+known that Mrs. Hale is the granddaughter
+of Lyman Beecher, and the
+niece of Mrs. Stowe. What may not be
+expected of Doctor Hale&#8217;s boys, with
+Beecher, Hale, and Everett blood in
+their veins? There is no better selection,
+and the problem is an interesting
+one.</p>
+<p>But, to many of us, the most interesting
+of Doctor Hale&#8217;s connections is his
+distant relation, Helen <ins title="sic">Kellar</ins>. The first
+time that wonderful, blind, deaf-mute
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_292' name='page_292'></a>292</span>
+child, then not eight years old, came to
+his home, there happened to be an
+Egyptian statuette of the god Terminus
+outside the piazza steps. The child
+touched it, and, with her marvellous discernment,
+starting back, said in her
+own way: &#8220;Oh, the ugly old man!&#8221;</p>
+<p>Helen was then taken to the beautiful
+alto-relievo of Bernini, representing
+the infants Christ and John playing together.
+It is a little thing, and slowly
+the child ran her eye-fingers over the
+chubby babes. Suddenly her sightless
+face lighted with the rarest smile. Her
+soul had understood the significance of
+the holy group by an intuition that
+science cannot gauge, and she bent
+over and kissed the sacred children.</p>
+<p>After all, every home exhibits a
+clinging pananthropoism, if one may be
+permitted to coin the word. Books
+and pictures and statuary are the man,
+just as much as his style. They are
+his most subtile expression. They
+are his unlying interpreters. As you
+walk into Doctor Hale&#8217;s parlor, resting
+upon the floor, there confronts you a
+realistic colored photograph of the
+compelling Matterhorn. That picture,
+with its glacier, its precipices, and its
+summit, conquered only by coöperative
+achievement, is a fit emblem of a family
+climbing from height to height.</p>
+<p>We left the table, and Lyman Beecher&#8217;s
+splendid portrait, that formed a
+strong background for Doctor Hale&#8217;s
+impressive head, and stopped for a
+moment in the boys&#8217; study, opposite
+the parlor. There is the portrait of
+Edward Everett, by Stuart Newton:
+of Alexander Everett, by Alexander,
+and of Mrs. Hale, by Ransom, and a
+striking picture of the doctor himself.
+How many of these sedate portraits
+have been shocked by shuttlecock and
+bumped by football at the hands of
+Doctor Hale&#8217;s rollicking boys, only
+one of whom, Robert, of rising literary
+reputation, is left with his father in the
+home!</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_1' id='linki_1'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus292.png' alt='' title='' width='559' height='432' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+RESIDENCE OF EDWARD EVERETT HALE.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>Across the narrow back hall one
+takes a quick glimpse of the four
+phases of the moon on the stairway,
+then of hundreds of volumes lining
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_293' name='page_293'></a>293</span>
+the walls, billows of books, breaking
+upon one everywhere&mdash;five thousand
+of them.</p>
+<p>&#8220;That is Thomas Arnold&#8217;s portrait&mdash;father
+of Matthew,&#8221; said Doctor Hale,
+pointing from his sofa, and then
+settling back into reminiscences:&mdash;&#8220;Longfellow
+over there, and Dean
+Stanley. I liked Stanley, and I think
+Stanley liked me. We were on very
+cordial terms. He sat at the desk
+where you are, and I gave him Gladstone&#8217;s
+article on America, published
+that fall. There was a carriage at the
+door. I was to show him some historical
+places. It was October, and
+cold. I told the boys to bring some
+rugs. They came to the carriage with
+a lot of Arab shawls. Stanley had
+just come from the desert, and with
+marvellous dexterity he wound a shawl
+about him so that he looked like an
+Arab sheik. I got a little frightened
+at the oriental look of it, and said:
+&#8216;Oh, we shall be in all the newspapers.&#8217;
+With reluctance he consented to throw
+a cape over his shoulders instead. But
+I always regretted that I did not allow
+him to go through the streets as an
+Arab dean. When I bade him good-by
+that night, he said, with his wonted
+thoughtfulness, &#8216;Let me pay for this
+carriage; you would never have had it
+if it hadn&#8217;t been for me.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;No,&#8217; said I, &#8216;when I go to Westminster
+you shall pay for me. When
+you are in Boston, I shall pay for you.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;When we got out of the carriage
+the hackman took off his hat and
+said: &#8216;If the carriage were mine, you
+shouldn&#8217;t pay a cent. Doctor Stanley
+is a good and great man, and I am
+proud to have carried him.&#8217; That&#8217;s
+pretty good for a Boston hackman.&#8221;</p>
+<p>As my eyes roamed over the mass of
+portfolios stacked in an orderly manner
+in the case at the foot of his lounge,
+my imagination conjured many an interview
+that Mr. Hale must have had
+with immortals, contemporaries, and
+friends of the man before me.</p>
+<p>And what invaluable letters must
+those portfolios contain! Doctor
+Hale evidently caught my curiosity
+and my glance.</p>
+<p>&#8220;You would like to see some autographs?&#8221;
+he generously asked.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes, indeed, but I am afraid there
+is not time now. Tell me about some
+of your most interesting ones.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Then it proved that Doctor Hale
+had advantages in the line of presidential
+autographs, because of his eminent
+and political ancestry. His collection
+in this respect is complete, and in this
+way, he says, he began it.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I was sitting one evening tearing
+up old papers, after my father&#8217;s death,
+and among them noticed a letter on
+the character of Washington. Not
+considering it worth keeping, I took
+it to tear it up, when out dropped a
+yellow paper, ancient and faded. It
+proved to be a letter of George Washington
+himself, which had been enclosed
+in the other letter by my father,
+evidently to illustrate a point in character
+which the writer had raised.
+Then and there I resolved to make
+a collection of presidential autographs.
+I don&#8217;t dare to tell you how many
+family commissions I hold in my portfolio.
+To me the collection is almost
+the history of my family. I have been
+tempted to publish a couple of volumes
+of national history of the nineteenth
+century, to be taken bodily from my
+own portfolio of autographs. It might
+be rather interesting.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Changing the subject, when did
+you first meet Emerson?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Let me see, I first heard Emerson
+when I was eleven years old. He was
+delivering his lecture on Mohammed.
+I first spoke to him in Harvard College
+chapel, when a mutual acquaintance
+had just taken the highest honors.
+Emerson said of him, with his keenest
+look:</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;I didn&#8217;t know he was so fine a
+fellow. Now, if some misfortune could
+only happen to him; if he could be
+turned out of college, or could be unpopular
+in his class, or his father could
+fail in business, all would be well with
+him.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;This seemed at the time cynical,
+but when I read of the hardships of
+Emerson&#8217;s early life, and heard of the
+unhappy end of the man of college
+honors, I understood it and was astounded
+at his penetration.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I have a letter of Emerson&#8217;s (and
+you can take a copy of it if you like)
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_294' name='page_294'></a>294</span>
+which cleared up an anecdote that was
+told of him at the time. It was said
+that on one of his ocean trips he committed
+&#8216;Alaric&#8217; or some other long
+poem to memory, in order to while
+away a few otherwise unprofitable
+days. It proved to be &#8216;Lycidas,&#8217; and
+I never heard of any one else who has
+committed &#8216;Lycidas&#8217; to memory on
+an ocean trip for pastime. Who else
+but Emerson would have thought of
+it?&#8221;</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p class='sig3'><span class='smcap'>Concord</span>, <i>January 26</i>.</p>
+<p><span class='smcap'>My Dear Hale</span>:&mdash;I know by much experience
+of my own what it is to have Everett
+on the brain, and you, who have it in the blood,
+may easily believe that it could only be &#8220;Alaric&#8221;
+that I was crooning at sea. But it was not
+that, but Milton&#8217;s &#8220;Lycidas,&#8221; which I told of in
+a lecture on Memory, to which I must think
+you refer; though nothing of it was ever printed
+or reported that I know, and it must have
+been read (<i>i.e.</i>, the lecture) when you were
+very young. I ought to be proud that the anecdote
+could reach you, but the mystery of the
+memory interested me much.</p>
+<p>I wrote you yesterday about Stirling&#8217;s pamphlet,
+which I hope will come speedily to you.
+I do not recall the title, but it was, perhaps,
+&#8220;Remarks on Mr. Huxley&#8217;s Protoplasm.&#8221;</p>
+<p class='sig1'>Yours,</p>
+<p class='sig2'><span class='smcap'>R. W. Emerson.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>&#8220;Here&#8217;s another story of Emerson,&#8221;
+continued my host, with a twinkle,
+&#8220;that reminds me of the story of the
+man who said he couldn&#8217;t make a speech
+like Henry Clay, but he had once held
+the statesman&#8217;s hat when Clay was
+speaking. When Mr. Emerson delivered
+his second Phi Beta address, the
+desk had been removed from the pulpit
+of the church, so that he had at the
+beginning to kneel uncomfortably to
+read his manuscript. I went back in
+the vestry and found the desk, and, in
+the first pause in Emerson&#8217;s address,
+placed it before him. The audience of
+course applauded. When the oration
+was over, Lowell, who presided, congratulated
+Mr. Emerson on his success,
+and Emerson&#8217;s first words were,
+&#8216;Where&#8217;s that saint, Edward Hale?&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_2' id='linki_2'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus295.jpg' alt='' title='' width='482' height='329' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+SITTING-ROOM.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Have you any special reminiscence
+of Hawthorne?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Hardly any at all. Personally, Hawthorne
+was very reticent in society.
+My own recollections of him, when I
+first saw him, were that he hardly spoke
+a word to anybody. This little scrap
+of Hawthorne&#8217;s, which you may use,
+if you care to, was sent to the &#8216;Boston
+Miscellany,&#8217; a magazine that my
+brother edited, and to which all Young
+America at that time contributed.
+Lowell published his first stories and
+articles in the &#8216;Miscellany,&#8217; after those
+in &#8216;Harvardiana.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But with Lowell my relations were
+singularly intimate. He was also intimate
+with my brother Nathan. Our
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_295' name='page_295'></a>295</span>
+room in college was convenient for
+him, as his was at a distance from recitations.
+He was a class in advance
+of me. Those were the days when we
+borrowed Emerson&#8217;s volume of Tennyson&#8217;s
+first poems, and copied the poems
+in our scrap-books. Lowell was deep
+in the old dramatists then, and read
+papers on them in the Alpha Delta,
+which was the literary club to which
+we both belonged. The intimacy which
+was then begun lasted through our
+lives. He edited &#8216;The Atlantic&#8217; when
+I published my first stories there.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_3' id='linki_3'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus296.png' alt='' title='' width='426' height='311' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+HIGHLAND STREET, WITH THE HALE PLACE ON THE RIGHT.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;By the way, it is reported that Ruskin
+will be made poet laureate! My
+candidate, however, is Jean Ingelow.
+The Queen ought to have named a
+woman. Talking on the subject, I have
+seen with these eyes the original correspondence
+with which Prince Albert
+offered the laureateship to Samuel
+Rogers. Rogers was greatly pleased,
+but after consideration declined, because
+he was so old. The Prince then
+wrote to Rogers to ask him to name the
+laureate. Rogers named Tennyson.
+Then came a letter from the prime
+minister, in which he said: &#8216;We are
+not acquainted with the works of this
+gentleman, and will you be good enough
+to let me know whether he has ever
+written anything which would make
+it improper for a woman to name him
+for this post?&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+<p>Mr. Hale stopped and laughed heartily.
+&#8220;Just think of that!&#8221; he added,
+with glee.</p>
+<p>After some skirmishing about the
+bush&mdash;for the office of &#8220;interlocutor&#8221;
+is not very familiar to me&mdash;I asked
+Doctor Hale:</p>
+<p>&#8220;What do you consider the best
+thing you ever did?&#8221; He did not seem
+annoyed or perplexed by the question.
+He thrust his arms behind his head,
+extended himself the full length of the
+lounge, and regarded me with his deep-set
+eyes. Doctor Hale&#8217;s face wrinkles
+in a curious way around his eyes.
+These are the features of his face.
+They are fine, deep, sad, careless of
+human opinion&mdash;except it has to be
+conciliated for a high purpose&mdash;and
+alert as a boy&#8217;s, ready for a truth or for
+a friend. I believe that a divine physiognomist
+would read Doctor Hale&#8217;s
+career in his gray eyes and their high
+ramparts. &#8220;Why, the young man&#8217;s
+head has an entirely different shape,&#8221;
+said the elder Darwin of his son Charles,
+on the young man&#8217;s return from his
+voyage in the &#8220;Beagle.&#8221; It struck me
+oddly that in a like manner Doctor
+Hale&#8217;s eyes had been a mirror of his life.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I think,&#8221; began Doctor Hale
+thoughtfully, &#8220;that &#8216;In His Name,&#8217; as
+a bit of literary work, is to be regarded
+as the best book I ever wrote. The
+story of &#8216;The Man Without a Country&#8217;
+has circulated in much larger numbers.
+It was forged in the fire, and I think
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_296' name='page_296'></a>296</span>
+its great popularity is due to the subject.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And what is your best literary work
+at present?&#8221;</p>
+<p>After some hesitation Doctor Hale
+answered:</p>
+<p>&#8220;I think my sermons are the best.&#8221;</p>
+<p>This serious answer caused no little
+astonishment; for one naturally thinks
+of Doctor Hale as an author rather than
+as a hard-working minister.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_4' id='linki_4'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus297.jpg' alt='' title='' width='541' height='464' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+DOCTOR HALE IN HIS STUDY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;I attach a great deal of importance
+to the weekly printing and circulating
+of sermons,&#8221; he continued. &#8220;It is more
+than fifteen years since I began printing
+them for our people. It keeps a
+man at his best work. It does away
+with slipshod carelessness. I should
+advise every minister to print his sermons.
+The fact of it is,&#8221; he continued,
+with increasing vivacity, &#8220;five-sixths of
+my work in this office is parish work.
+I am a person who has never lost sight
+of my profession. People complain
+that my books always carry a moral.
+I wouldn&#8217;t write if they didn&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;How did you come to write&mdash;as an
+author, I mean?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Until 1861 I was only known in
+Boston as an energetic minister of an
+active church. I didn&#8217;t want anything
+else. I believe now, as then, that if
+anything is going to be done, it is to be
+done through that agency. Then the
+war came along. I was in the Massachusetts
+Rifle Corps, and,&#8221; he said this
+with a pardonable twinkle of pride, &#8220;I
+have drilled a major-general. Then I
+was on the Sanitary Commission. To
+save the country&mdash;that brought me into
+public life, and I have never got back
+into simple parish life again. Then
+came &#8216;The Man Without a Country.&#8217;
+In 1871 &#8216;Ten Times One is Ten&#8217; was
+published. From that book came a
+peculiarity of my life. It brought
+me into close contact with all parts of
+the world. From it sprang the &#8216;Lend
+a Hand&#8217; and the &#8216;King&#8217;s Daughters,&#8217;
+and a dozen such working societies,
+and indirectly the Epworth League
+and the Christian Endeavor. They
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_297' name='page_297'></a>297</span>
+copied the idea, with many of my
+mottoes.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The speaker stopped while the writer
+pondered how many a girl, from East to
+West and North to South, carried upon
+her throat a plain silver cross tied with
+a purple ribbon, her proudest ornament.
+It is an inspiring picture and comes
+quickly to call. To make an era in
+Christian self-surrender, to girdle the
+world with unselfish crosses, to hammer
+high purposes into young souls, that is
+a better life than to have written the
+best novel of the decade.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Doctor Hale, with the
+authority of his threescore years and
+eleven, &#8220;the parish is at the basis of
+my life, and takes five-sixths of my
+time. All this would have been impossible
+without it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>In these days, when some of our eminent
+critics consider a moral purpose
+detrimental to the literary value of a
+story, it is refreshing to learn from the
+mouth of one of our most popular authors
+that his success is due entirely to
+the inspiration of a Christian ideal. It
+takes the modern school of critics to
+pat the Lord Jesus Christ upon the
+back. Charles Kingsley and Doctor
+Hale will not be snuffed out by them
+because they have chosen to Christianize
+their literary work.</p>
+<p>Edward E. Hale regards the ministry
+as the most practical business in the
+world. The theory that the minister
+spends his mornings reading Hebrew,
+and his afternoons praying with dying
+old women, is exploded in his career.
+He knocks about in the most active of
+city life. It came out that the day before
+I called he went up to the State
+House to argue in favor of an honest
+bill of some kind. He then signed the
+lease of the &#8220;Noonday Rest,&#8221; a club
+where working girls are to get good
+food. He made himself responsible
+for fifteen hundred dollars a year because
+the poor girls had to be cared
+for, and he &#8220;knew it would come back
+to him all right.&#8221; Then the duties of
+Vice-President of the Industrial Aid
+called for his attention. &#8220;I am the
+man of business,&#8221; he said, with flashing
+eyes. Of such are the charities of
+his life.</p>
+<p>Even while the writer was sitting in
+the chair that Dean Stanley occupied,
+and revolving the problem whether
+Doctor Hale summoned from some
+other planet the time in which to write
+his sermons, we were interrupted by a
+messenger from the Society for Prevention
+of Cruelty to Animals, who came
+for about fifty pounds of stories which
+Doctor Hale had read in order to determine
+the four winners of prizes.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I was a little taken in,&#8221; he said,
+with a boyish laugh, after the messenger,
+stunned dumb by that kindly reception
+of Doctor Hale&#8217;s (which is
+denied to no one), had departed
+staggering; &#8220;I thought they were to
+be short stories, and they turned out
+to be sixty-thousand-word books.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Doctor Hale&#8217;s study, which he calls
+his office, was once used as the school-room
+for day scholars, and had a piazza,
+on one side of it. This Mr. Hale has
+boarded up and uses the space&mdash;three
+feet wide&mdash;for his thousands of pamphlets.
+I stepped in there while the
+messenger from the society with the
+long name was occupying our host&#8217;s
+attention, and, for all the world, it
+seemed like a touch from Dickens or
+a section from the Athenæum. That
+pamphlet alcove, narrow, musty, yet
+busy, a composite of the stage-coach
+days and our electric era, gave me a
+graver suspicion of Doctor Hale&#8217;s cosmopolitan
+interests than any word he
+had uttered or anything I had hitherto
+seen in the temple.</p>
+<p>When I came back Doctor Hale was
+again stretched upon the lounge. He
+began almost fiercely upon his favorite
+topic, and I can do no better than to
+give his own words:</p>
+<p>&#8220;I have written twenty-five books,
+but I&#8217;m not an author; I&#8217;m a parish
+minister. I don&#8217;t care a snap for the
+difference between Balzac and Daudet.
+That isn&#8217;t important in life. I do care
+about the difference between the classes
+of men who migrate to this country of
+mine.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Here I interrupted him:</p>
+<p>&#8220;Is it better to do twenty things
+than one?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Not best for every one; but for a
+man who writes forty sermons a year,
+it is better not to get into one rut. To
+write those sermons well he must come
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_298' name='page_298'></a>298</span>
+into touch with forty things or forty
+men. As a man of letters, I say the
+same thing. An author must be an all-around
+man and take a many-sided
+view of life. My friends think it
+harms me. I say it does not.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Although I was burning to ask a
+vital and perhaps an impertinent question&mdash;for
+as he was so kind to me I
+wished not to be intrusive&mdash;I waited
+while he chatted about his connection
+with Harvard.</p>
+<p>It is one of Doctor Hale&#8217;s happiest
+memories that he was an overseer of
+Harvard University when the modern
+plan was introduced of having more
+than one person to take charge of the
+chapel services. The new custom was
+initiated by appointing the clerical
+members of the overseers and faculty
+to take the chapel in turn. Doctor
+Hale thinks there were nine of them.
+So he took a ninth part. That system
+in turn gave way to the present system,
+by which five or six men are appointed
+annually. Each in turn is
+given a room in college, so as to enter
+into intimate pastoral relationship with
+the boys. This system has proved
+wonderfully successful. In the inauguration
+of each of its phases Doctor
+Hale was senior in the board, and
+heavily influential in the working of
+the experiment. It is not to be wondered
+at, that of the experiences of his
+long life he values making the acquaintance
+of a &#8220;couple of thousand
+of as fine young men as the day can
+produce.&#8221;</p>
+<p>This is only another illustration of
+Doctor Hale&#8217;s wide sweep and influence.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_5' id='linki_5'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus300.jpg' alt='' title='' width='542' height='397' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE LIBRARY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Doctor Hale, you yourself have
+hinted at it, namely, that the worst
+thing your friends say about you is,
+that you have too many irons in the
+fire. Do you think that thereby you
+have missed an opportunity in life?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I am glad you asked that question,&#8221;
+he reassured me with his most
+winning smile. &#8220;I don&#8217;t think I have,&#8221;
+he said slowly. &#8220;I might have written
+better verses; by the way&#8221;&mdash;I thought
+he was changing the subject&mdash;&#8220;I am
+just editing a collection of my verses
+for Roberts Brothers, to be called
+&#8216;For Fifty Years.&#8217; On the title-page
+this quotation from the &#8216;Ingham
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_299' name='page_299'></a>299</span>
+Papers&#8217; will be printed as
+a motto for the poems.
+Read it aloud to me.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Judge how I was moved
+as I read the following
+words to him:</p>
+<p>&#8220;Poor Ingham was painfully
+conscious that he had
+no peculiar genius for one
+duty rather than another.
+If it were his duty to write verses, he
+wrote verses; to lay telegraph, he laid
+telegraph; to fight slavers, he fought
+slavers; to preach sermons, he preached
+sermons. And he did one of these
+things with just as much alacrity as
+the other; the moral purpose entirely
+controlling such mental aptness or
+physical habits as he could bring to
+bear.&#8221;</p>
+<p>As my voice died away among the
+volumes, it flashed across me that in
+these words could be found Doctor
+Hale&#8217;s mental and spiritual biography.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Is this your epitaph?&#8221; I asked,
+very soberly.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I am willing to stand by this as my
+epitaph,&#8221; he repeated after me, in his
+gravest tones.</p>
+<p>Now this scene was not an interview,
+but a revelation, and I felt that
+it &#8220;was good to be there.&#8221; But, as an
+engagement called us to go out together,
+we arose.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I wish you could have seen more of
+my parish work,&#8221; he said, as we walked
+in the rain. He recurred to his favorite
+topic eagerly. &#8220;For that is my real
+life.&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_6' id='linki_6'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus301.png' alt='' title='' width='517' height='398' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE DINING-ROOM.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Sermons?&#8221; The word started
+him off.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I have no patience with the idea
+that it takes six days of grinding to
+write a sermon. What nonsense! A
+sermon consists of about two thousand
+five hundred words. I take a cup of
+coffee before breakfast and write about
+six pages&mdash;that is, six hundred and fifty
+words. In the morning I dictate to
+my amanuensis one thousand five hundred
+words. I am intensely interested
+in the subject, and this takes only a
+quarter of an hour. In the afternoon
+I look it over and add five or six hundred
+words, and the sermon is done.
+In all, I haven&#8217;t put my hand for over
+two hours to paper.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Although I have written a sermon or
+two myself, and had a different experience,
+I did not argue the point. I
+have a faint suspicion that it would
+take most people fifty years of experience
+to arrive at such a wonderful
+facility.</p>
+<p>Power? Where did Doctor Hale
+get the strength to carry through his
+hundred duties?&mdash;editing&mdash;writing&mdash;aiding
+public work and public and private
+charities&mdash;correspondence&mdash;for he
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_300' name='page_300'></a>300</span>
+is the busiest man in Boston, and his
+business increases upon him week by
+week in an appalling ratio.</p>
+<p>&#8220;How on earth do you do it all?
+Where do you get the power? What
+is it?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;The simple truth is,&#8221; and I quote
+his words exactly, &#8220;that any child of
+God, who in any adequate way believes
+that he can partake of the divine
+nature, knows that he has strength
+enough for any business which looks
+the right way; that is, which helps to
+bring God&#8217;s kingdom into the world.
+Well, if you are working with Aladdin&#8217;s
+lamp, or with Monte Cristo&#8217;s treasures,
+you are not apt to think you will fail.
+Far less will you think you will fail if
+you are working with the omnipotence
+of the Lord God behind you. When
+people talk to me, therefore, about
+optimism or good spirits or expecting
+success, if I know them well enough I
+say that I am promised infinite power
+to work with, and that whenever I
+have trusted it fairly and squarely,
+I have found that the promise was
+true.&#8221;</p>
+<p>He stopped, and under the shelter of
+a high steeple we separated: and the
+parish priest, the author, the eager
+citizen, the helper of poor girls and
+struggling young men, the man of
+power, the Christian cosmopolitan,
+strode down the street, and was lost in
+the mist.</p>
+<p>I could not help calling to mind a
+pretty story told of him while he was
+travelling in the West. As the train
+stopped at some forsaken hamlet in
+California, twenty girls were seen upon
+the platform. On hearing that Edward
+E. Hale was to pass through, they had
+begged off from school in order to greet
+him. They were &#8220;King&#8217;s Daughters,&#8221;
+and Doctor Hale was their inspiration
+and their chief. Each girl was loaded
+with a different flower, with which she
+garlanded her hero.</p>
+<p>Such a tender and reverential free-masonry
+as this, founded by himself,
+greets him daily through the mail, and
+overwhelms him when he travels from
+his own home.</p>
+<p>As the author of &#8220;The Man Without
+a Country,&#8221; &#8220;In His Name,&#8221; and &#8220;Ten
+Times One is Ten,&#8221; he sways our
+imagination and our hearts. But let
+him also be known as a man content to
+be a parish minister, and as one who
+never fails to lend a hand when the
+chance is given to him.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_7' id='linki_7'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus302.png' alt='' title='' width='278' height='292' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+E. E. HALE IN 1847. FROM A PAINTING BY RICHARD HINSDALE.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_301' name='page_301'></a>301</span>
+<a name='HOW_CASSIE_SAVED_THE_SPOONS_BY_ANNIE_HOWELLS_FRCHE' id='HOW_CASSIE_SAVED_THE_SPOONS_BY_ANNIE_HOWELLS_FRCHE'></a>
+<h2>HOW CASSIE SAVED THE SPOONS.
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Annie Howells Fréchette.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<p>The last good-by had been said, and the comfortable
+country carriage, drawn by its two glossy bay horses,
+had disappeared around a knoll.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_8' id='linki_8'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus303.png' alt='' title='' width='558' height='584' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;They is do&#8217;rn,&#8221; remarked the baby, as if just in
+possession of a solemn fact.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Torse they is do&#8217;rn, you blessed baby,&#8221; answered
+Florence, his fifteen-year-old sister, stooping down and
+lifting him in her strong
+arms and kissing him.</p>
+<p>The baby, let me remark,
+was a sturdy boy of
+four, with bright brown
+eyes and red cheeks&mdash;cheeks
+so plump that when
+you had a side view of his
+face you could only see the
+tip of his little pug nose.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, if ever anybody has earned a holiday, they are
+father and mother,&#8221; said Cassie.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Cassie, dear, your sentiment is better than your
+grammar,&#8221; laughed Rose, the eldest of the three sisters.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Never you mind my grammar, Miss Eglantine. I mayn&#8217;t
+have much &#8216;book larnin&#8217;,&#8217; but I&#8217;ve got a head on my shoulders,
+as father frequently remarks&mdash;which is a good thing, for I
+couldn&#8217;t bear to look at myself in the glass if I hadn&#8217;t&mdash;and besides, how
+could I do my hair up so neatly, (Cassie&#8217;s hair was the joke of the family) if
+I hadn&#8217;t? And now I&#8217;m going up-stairs to cry, and I&#8217;ll be down in three minutes
+to help with the dishes,&#8221; and the giddy girl flew into the house and disappeared.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_9' id='linki_9'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_302' name='page_302'></a>302</span>
+<img src='images/illus304a.png' alt='' title='' width='391' height='274' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>At the expiration of the three minutes
+which Cassie had set apart as
+sacred to her grief, she reappeared,
+sniffing audibly, but otherwise cheerful.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Now, girls, I say let us buzz through
+the work like a swarm of industrious
+bumble-bees, and then go down to the
+creek lots and put in the day gathering
+nuts. Last night, as Ned and I
+came through them, the nuts were falling
+like hail, and we can pick up our
+winter&#8217;s supply in a few hours.&#8221;</p>
+<p>This was favorably received, for
+they were all&mdash;even Rose&mdash;children
+enough to enjoy a long day in the
+autumn woods. We all know that
+willing hands
+make light
+work, and
+the morning&#8217;s
+task was
+quickly done;
+a basket of
+lunch was
+put up, and
+the girls, with
+the baby,
+were soon
+scampering
+through the
+meadow toward the little creek, whose
+borders for miles around were famous
+for their wealth of nuts.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:171px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_10' id='linki_10'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus304b.png' alt='' title='' width='171' height='203' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>The&nbsp;harvest was indeed bountiful,
+and they worked merrily and untiringly
+until bags and baskets were filled
+and deposited by a great log, where
+their brother would next day find them
+and cart them home. So busy and
+happy had they been that they could
+scarcely believe that the day had ended
+until the woods began to fill with shadows,
+and the baby declared he was
+sleepy and wanted his supper.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Who would ever have believed it
+so late?&#8221; cried Rose, peering from
+under the low boughs toward the west,
+&#8220;and there are all those cows to milk
+and the chickens to feed! Come,
+come, girls, not another nut; we&#8217;ll
+have to go home at once if we want
+to get through before dark. Cassie,
+you are the quickest, do run ahead
+and let the bars down, and get the
+pails ready, and I&#8217;ll carry the baby&mdash;he&#8217;s
+so tired, poor little fellow, he can
+hardly stand. Florence can start the
+fire and begin the supper while you
+and I do the chores.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Away sped the light-footed Cassie,
+while the others made such haste as
+they could with the tired baby, who
+wept in a self-pitying way upon Rose&#8217;s
+shoulder.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oo dirls is &#8217;tarvin&#8217; me an&#8217; walkin&#8217;
+me most to pieces, an&#8217; I want my
+mover,&#8221; he wailed, as he finally dozed
+off.</p>
+<p>Rose laid him upon the lounge in
+the cozy sitting-room, and, waiting for
+a moment to see Florence started with
+the supper, for which they were all
+ready, hurried away to the barn, where
+she could hear Cassie whistling, and
+talking to the cows as she milked.</p>
+<p>Out from the kitchen&#8217;s open door
+appetizing odors of coffee and frying
+ham stole to greet the two girls, as they
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_303' name='page_303'></a>303</span>
+came towards the house with their
+brimming pails of frothy milk.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_11' id='linki_11'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus305.png' alt='' title='' width='503' height='461' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;It smells good,&#8221; said Cassie, &#8220;and
+I&#8217;m as hungry as a tramp&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie! why did you say that?
+I&#8217;ve just been trying not to think about
+tramps. I always feel creepy when I&#8217;m
+about the barn after dark, anyway, and
+now&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, my saying that won&#8217;t bring
+any along.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;They are positively the only things
+in the world that I&#8217;m afraid of.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, then, <i>I&#8217;m</i> not afraid of them.
+And suppose one should come? Surely
+three great stout girls ought to be able
+to take care of themselves.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie, dear, please stop talking
+about them! I feel as if one were
+stepping on my heels. Let&#8217;s run.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And spill the milk? Not much.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The kitchen looked so bright and
+cheery as they entered it that Rose
+seemed to leave her fears outside with
+the duskiness, and by the time she had
+strained the milk and put it away, she
+had forgotten that tramps existed.</p>
+<p>Cassie had gone up-stairs to make
+some needed changes in her toilet, the
+baby had roused from a short nap and
+was taking a rather mournful interest
+in the preparations for supper, when
+Rose, who had just stopped to ask him
+whether he would rather have honey or
+preserves, heard a stealthy step upon
+the porch. A moment later, the door
+was pushed slowly open and a man
+walked in.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:327px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_12' id='linki_12'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus306.png' alt='' title='' width='327' height='583' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Good&nbsp;evening, ladies. Is your pa
+at home?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;N&mdash;no,&#8221; faltered Rose, trying to
+settle to her own satisfaction whether
+this dirty-looking stranger might be
+some new neighbor, who had come
+upon legitimate business, or whether he
+was her one horror&mdash;a tramp.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Any of your big brothers in?&#8221; with
+rather a jocular manner.</p>
+<p>&#8220;N&mdash;no, sir.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And I don&#8217;t see any bull-dog loafin&#8217;
+round,&#8221; he added.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Our dord, he is dead,&#8221; explained
+the baby solemnly.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, that&#8217;s a good thing. Will the
+old gentleman be in soon?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I&mdash;I don&#8217;t know&mdash;yes&mdash;I&mdash;I <i>hope</i>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_304' name='page_304'></a>304</span>
+so. Is there any message you would
+like to leave for him?&#8221;</p>
+<p>Before the man could answer, the
+baby&#8217;s voice was again heard.</p>
+<p>&#8220;My fahver he&#8217;s dorn orf.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Where&#8217;s he gone, sonny?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;He&#8217;s dorn on the tars, so&#8217;s my
+mohver; and my bid brover he putted
+yem on, and he
+won&#8217;t be home
+&#8217;til I&#8217;m asleep,
+and he&#8217;s doin&#8217; to
+brin&#8217; me a drum
+and put it in my
+bed.&#8221;</p>
+<p>(Oh, how
+Rose longed to
+shake the baby!)</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, then,
+ladies, since you
+are likely to be
+alone, I think
+I&#8217;ll stay and
+keep you company;
+and since
+you press me, I
+<i>will</i> take tea and
+spend the evening.
+Don&#8217;t go
+to any extra
+work for me,
+though; it all
+looks very nice.
+I&#8217;m rather hungry,
+so you may
+dish up that ham
+at once, my
+dear&#8221;&mdash;this to
+poor Florence,
+who had shrunk
+almost into invisibility
+behind
+the stove-pipe,
+and who seemed
+glued to the
+spot&mdash;&#8220;I&#8217;ve usually
+a very fair appetite, and I am sure
+I will relish it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>He tossed his hat down beside the
+chair which he drew up to the table.</p>
+<p>With the light falling full upon his
+dirty, insolent face, Rose knew that her
+greatest dread was before her. With
+her knees almost sinking under her,
+she started toward the stairs, for she
+felt that she must let the intrepid Cassie
+know, and find out what she advised.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Where are you going, my dear?&#8221;
+asked the tramp, suspiciously. &#8220;You&#8217;ve
+not got any big cousin or uncle or anything
+of that kind up-stairs that you
+are going to call to tea, have you?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, no, there is no one up-stairs
+but my poor sister,&#8221; she managed to
+gasp. She could not have told why
+she said &#8220;poor
+sister,&#8221; unless it
+was from the
+sense of calamity
+which had
+overtaken them
+all.</p>
+<p>&#8220;In that case
+be spry, for I&#8217;m
+hungry, and I
+want you to
+pour out my tea
+for me. I like
+to have a pretty
+face opposite me
+at table.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Rose dragged
+herself up the
+narrow enclosed
+stairs and into
+Cassie&#8217;s room.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, Rose,
+you <i>must</i> be
+about tuckered
+out. You come
+up-stairs as
+if you were
+eighty,&#8221; said
+Cassie, looking
+up from the shoe
+she was fastening.
+&#8220;Why,
+what ails you?
+You look as if
+you had seen a
+ghost!&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie,
+there is one of
+them down-stairs!&#8221; came in a whisper.</p>
+<p>&#8220;What <i>do</i> you mean, Rose Bostwick?
+A <i>ghost</i> down-stairs!&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;No&mdash;no&mdash;a tramp.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Whew!&#8221; and Cassie gave a low
+whistle. &#8220;And I suppose you&#8217;re
+scared?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie, I feel as if I were choking!
+Do hurry down, he may be killing
+poor little Florence and the baby.
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_305' name='page_305'></a>305</span>
+What shall we do? The baby has told
+him we are all alone.&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:243px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_13' id='linki_13'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus307.png' alt='' title='' width='243' height='326' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;The&nbsp;baby ought to be soundly
+spanked for that.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;What <i>can</i> we do? Try to think.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Cassie sat swinging the button-hook
+in her hand and thinking very hard
+and fast.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Does he know I&#8217;m here?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I&#8217;ve told him.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Then it would be no use for me to
+pretend to be Ned,&#8221; thinking aloud.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m afraid not.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Another silence dedicated to thought.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Rose?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m going to be crazy. I&#8217;m going
+to chase him off the farm.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie, you <i>can&#8217;t</i>! He&#8217;s a great,
+big, impudent wretch. What folly to
+talk about chasing him off the farm!&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s our only chance.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t count on me. <i>I</i> can&#8217;t help
+you. My teeth are chattering with
+terror, and my legs are doubling up
+under me this very minute. I couldn&#8217;t
+help chase a fly.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;You can scream, I s&#8217;pose?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, yes, I can do that.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, you do the screaming and I&#8217;ll
+do the chasing. Rush down-stairs and
+scream and scream, and bang the door
+to, and just shriek: &#8216;She&#8217;s out&mdash;she&#8217;s
+out&mdash;she&#8217;s coming down stairs!&#8217; And
+you&#8217;ll see what a perfectly beautiful
+lunatic I will be. It&#8217;s a good thing
+I have this old dress on, and only
+one shoe. Now make a rush, and
+scream.&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:244px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_14' id='linki_14'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus308.png' alt='' title='' width='244' height='458' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>Rose&#8217;s&nbsp;over-strained nerves were her
+best allies, and as she flew down the
+stairs it was the easiest thing in the
+world for her to give one piercing
+shriek after another. They resounded
+from the narrow stairway through the
+kitchen, and for the moment seemed to
+paralyze its inmates. As she burst in
+upon them, Florence was transfixed
+midway of the table and the stove with
+the platter of ham in her hands, the
+baby had climbed upon a chair, and
+the tramp had arisen with a bewildered
+air from the table. As her skirts
+cleared the door, she turned and
+dashed it shut, and flung herself against
+it, shrieking, &#8220;She&#8217;s out&mdash;she&#8217;s out of
+her room!&#8221;</p>
+<p>To the mystified Florence there came
+but one solution to her behavior&mdash;fright
+had overthrown her sister&#8217;s reason,
+and with a wail she rushed toward
+her, crying, &#8220;She&#8217;s crazy! Oh, she&#8217;s
+crazy!&#8221;</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_306' name='page_306'></a>306</span></div>
+<p>&#8220;Who&#8217;s crazy?&#8221; yelled the tramp.</p>
+<p>The baby, now wildly terrified, set
+up a loud weeping, while from the
+stairway came a succession of blows
+and angry demands that the door be
+opened. A moment later it was forced
+ajar, and a head
+crowned with a mass
+of tossed hair was
+thrust out and quickly
+followed by a hand in
+which was clutched a
+gun.</p>
+<p>&#8220;She&#8217;s got the gun!
+Oh, Florence, run to
+the baby!&#8221; cried Rose.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Who&#8217;s that?&#8221; demanded
+the apparition,
+making a rush
+toward the tramp.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Here, keep off!
+Leave me alone!&#8221;
+backing away and
+warding off an expected
+blow.</p>
+<p>She stood before
+him, tall, strong, and
+agile.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I won&#8217;t leave you
+alone. What do you
+mean by locking me in
+that room? I&#8217;m no
+more crazy than you
+are. What&#8217;s this?&#8221; as
+she stumbled over the
+hat which the tramp
+had put beside the
+chair, and into which
+he had deposited the
+silver spoons from the
+table. &#8220;Oh, I see, you
+are all in league to
+rob me of my gold and
+precious stones!&#8221; and
+catching the hat up on
+the muzzle of the gun
+she gave it a whirl which sent the
+spoons glittering in every direction;
+then, advancing upon him, she thrust
+hat and gun into the face of the horrified
+man. With a volley of oaths he
+sprang backwards, upsetting his chair
+and falling over it.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, don&#8217;t kill him, Cassie! don&#8217;t
+kill him!&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ll have a merry time,&#8221; gaily
+dancing about him and prodding him
+sharply with the gun, as he tried to
+scramble to his feet.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:395px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_15' id='linki_15'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus309.png' alt='' title='' width='395' height='614' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Keep&nbsp;off with that gun, can&#8217;t you!&#8221;
+he yelled. &#8220;Can&#8217;t you hold her, you
+screaming idiots?&#8221; and half crawling,
+half pushed, he gained the kitchen
+door, which had stood partly open since
+he had entered.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Where are you going, my pretty
+maid? Don&#8217;t you try to get away,&#8221;
+shouted Cassie, as she lilted lightly
+after him. The tramp stayed not to
+answer her question nor to obey her
+command, but clearing the door fled
+wildly away through the dusk.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Here&#8217;s your hat; I&#8217;ll fire it after
+you,&#8221; she called, and a sharp report
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_307' name='page_307'></a>307</span>
+rang out on the quiet evening air, then
+all was still.</p>
+<p>The three girls stood for a moment
+in the door, watching the dim outline
+fleeing across the meadow in the direction
+of the highway.</p>
+<p>&#8220;He&#8217;ll think twice before inviting
+himself to supper another time,&#8221; quietly
+remarked Cassie with a satisfied
+smile.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie, darling, you have saved
+our lives,&#8221; cried Florence, flinging her
+arms around her sister.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know about that; but I&#8217;ve
+saved the spoons, anyway.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;There, there, baby,&#8221; going to the
+still afflicted boy; &#8220;don&#8217;t cry any
+more. Sister Cassie was just making
+a dirty old tramp hop; she didn&#8217;t
+really shoot him, she was just playing
+shoot.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Cassie, you splendid, brave
+girl! How <i>did</i> you ever happen to
+think to go crazy?&#8221; asked Rose, as
+she looked over her shoulder from the
+door which she was barricading.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, I knew something had to be
+done, and that just popped into my
+mind. I was doing &#8216;Ophelia&#8217; the
+other day up in my room, so I was in
+practice; and didn&#8217;t I make a sweetly
+pensive maniac? Now I hope you
+girls will never again make disrespectful
+comments upon any little private
+theatricals of mine. If I had never
+cultivated my dramatic talents, what
+would have become of you, I&#8217;d like to
+know?&#8221;</p>
+<p>It was some time before the tidal
+wave of excitement subsided sufficiently
+for the girls to settle down for the
+evening, or for the baby to go to sleep.
+Again and again they thought they
+heard footsteps, and, although the door
+was locked and double-locked, they
+drew up into battle line whenever the
+autumn wind shook down a shower of
+leaves upon the roof.</p>
+<p>Just as the clock was on the stroke
+of eight, a pleasant sound came fitfully
+to them. It was a softly whistled
+tune, and the cheery cadence told of a
+mind free from unpleasant doubts of
+welcome.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Surely that can&#8217;t be Ned back already;
+he wasn&#8217;t to start home until
+nine,&#8221; said Rose, going to the window
+and cautiously peeping from under the
+curtain.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Right you are there, sister Rose,&#8221;
+assented Cassie. &#8220;It surely can&#8217;t be,
+especially as Ned could no more whistle
+&#8216;Marching through Georgia&#8217; than you
+could have done the marching. It
+sounds uncommonly like young Farmer
+Dunscomb&#8217;s whistle to me.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, whoever it is, I am deeply
+thankful that somebody besides a tramp
+is coming,&#8221; interrupted Florence.</p>
+<p>&#8220;And so am I,&#8221; demurely agreed
+Rose. &#8220;Do go to the door, Cassie,
+and peep out, and make sure that it
+isn&#8217;t that dreadful creature coming
+back.&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:300px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_16' id='linki_16'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus311.png' alt='' title='' width='300' height='367' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Are&nbsp;you&nbsp;a dreadful creature coming
+to murder us all?&#8221; demanded Cassie
+of the whistler, setting the door
+slightly ajar, and thrusting her head
+out.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, I don&#8217;t go round giving myself
+out as a dreadful creature,&#8221; responded
+a jolly voice from the porch.
+&#8220;Hello! What&#8217;s this I&#8217;m breaking my
+neck over?&#8221; as the owner of the voice
+tripped upon an old slouch hat.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Bring that article of wearing apparel
+to me, if you please,&#8221; requested
+Cassie as she opened the door, letting
+a flood of light out upon the visitor.
+&#8220;That is a little token of remembrance
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_308' name='page_308'></a>308</span>
+which I wish to keep. There!&#8221; holding
+the hat out at arm&#8217;s length, &#8220;I
+have long wanted a gilt toasting-fork
+or rolling-pin, or something artistic, for
+my room; now I shall embroider these
+shot-holes and gild the brim and hang
+it up by long blue ribbons, just where
+my waking orbs can rest upon it as
+they open in the morning. Ah, this
+hat will ever have stirring memories
+for me, friend George,&#8221; eying the
+young man dramatically.</p>
+<p>He looked at her a moment, then
+burst into a hearty laugh. &#8220;Is she
+crazy, Rose?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes, she&#8217;s the dearest and bravest
+lunatic in the world, George,&#8221; answered
+Rose.</p>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<a name='SURRENDER_BY_GERTRUDE_HALL' id='SURRENDER_BY_GERTRUDE_HALL'></a>
+<h2>SURRENDER.
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Gertrude Hall.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Then lead me, Friend. Here is my hand,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Not in dumb resignation lent,</p>
+<p>Because thee one cannot withstand&mdash;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>In love, Lord, with complete consent.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Lead&mdash;and I, not as one born blind</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Obeys in sheer necessity,</p>
+<p>But one with muffled eyes designed,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Will blindly trust myself to thee.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Lead.&mdash;Though the road thou mak&#8217;st me tread</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Bring sweat of anguish to my brow,</p>
+<p>And on the flints my track be red,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>I will not murmur&mdash;it is thou.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Lead.&mdash;If we come to the cliff&#8217;s crest,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>And I hear deep below&mdash;oh, deep!&mdash;</p>
+<p>The torrent&#8217;s roar, and &#8220;Leap!&#8221; thou sayst,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>I will not question&mdash;I will leap.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_17' id='linki_17'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_309' name='page_309'></a>309</span>
+<img src='images/illus313.png' alt='' title='' width='510' height='214' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<a name='HUMAN_DOCUMENTS' id='HUMAN_DOCUMENTS'></a>
+<h2>&#8220;HUMAN DOCUMENTS.&#8221;</h2>
+</div>
+<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'>
+<p>&#8220;<i>For of the soule the bodie forme doth take,</i></p>
+<p><i>For soule is forme and doth the bodie make.</i>&#8221;</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>&mdash;From &#8220;An Hymne in Honour of Beautie.&#8221;&mdash;<span class='smcap'>Spenser.</span></p>
+</div></div>
+<h3>BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.</h3>
+<p><span class='smcap'>William II., Emperor of Germany</span>, was
+born January 27, 1859, and received an education
+chiefly at home, under the supervision of
+his parents, his tutors, and his military instructors.
+On March 9, 1888, his grandfather, the
+first emperor, died. On June 15 of the same
+year Emperor Frederick also died, and William
+II. succeeded. After spending some time in
+personally visiting the courts of European sovereigns,
+the young emperor took a decisive
+step towards his future standing as a leader
+in European politics, by severing relations
+with his grandfather&#8217;s right-hand man, Prince
+Bismarck. From that time, he has himself
+been the most prominent and dominating figure
+in the administration of Germany&#8217;s affairs.
+He has, without regard to imperial precedent,
+personally connected himself with such questions
+as concern the population of the whole
+world, notably the Socialistic and Labor problems.
+He has made himself, also, a master of
+the smallest details concerning the government
+of his people, and even of his household. As
+yet without experience of actual warfare, he is
+an alert and constant inspector of both his
+army and navy, and, in his determined enforcement
+of the &#8220;Army Bill,&#8221; has given evidence
+of his desire to uphold Germany as a military
+power second to none. With the exception of
+slight colonial difficulties in Samoa and Africa,
+he has had as yet no foreign trouble to contend
+with. He is a close student and an eager
+inquirer; he is a good shot, a skilled horseman,
+and interested in all forms of sport.</p>
+<p><span class='smcap'>Eugene Field</span>, poet and journalist, was born
+in St. Louis in 1850, but spent the greater part
+of his youth in Massachusetts. He was educated
+at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, and the
+State University at Columbia, Missouri. After
+a visit to Europe, he commenced work as a
+journalist on the &#8220;St. Louis Journal.&#8221; From
+that time to the present he has been continually
+connected with the western newspaper press of
+America, having occupied editorial positions in
+St. Joseph, Kansas City, and Denver, and finally
+on the Chicago &#8220;News.&#8221; His humorous and
+satirical studies in that newspaper have made
+him widely known, and his occasional verses
+have become very popular. His best work has
+been published in book form under the titles:
+&#8220;A Little Book of Western Verse,&#8221; &#8220;A Second
+Book of Verse,&#8221; and &#8220;A Little Book of Profitable
+Tales.&#8221; (See &#8220;Dialogue between Eugene
+Field and Hamlin Garland,&#8221; in the August
+number of <span class='smcap'>McClure&#8217;s Magazine</span>.)</p>
+<p><span class='smcap'>Colonel Albert Augustus Pope</span>, President
+of the Pope Manufacturing Company, was born
+in Boston in 1843. He received an ordinary
+public-school education, and at nineteen years
+of age entered the Union army as a volunteer,
+with the appointment of second lieutenant in
+the 35th Massachusetts Infantry, serving with
+distinction, and being gazetted lieutenant-colonel
+&#8220;for gallant conduct in the battles of
+Knoxville, Poplar Springs Church, and front of
+Petersburg.&#8221; At the close of the war he commenced
+business in Boston, and, becoming interested
+in the development of the bicycle, he
+began to introduce the machines into the United
+States, commencing the manufacture of them in
+1878. The Pope Manufacturing Company are
+the proprietors of the &#8220;Columbia&#8221; bicycle, and
+their works are among the largest of the kind
+in the world. Colonel Pope has taken an active
+interest in affairs of public moment both in his
+native State and throughout the country, notably
+so in the movement for establishing better roads,
+and in the welfare and education of factory
+employees.</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_310' name='page_310'></a>310</span></div>
+<h3>EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY.</h3>
+<p class='center'><i>Born January 27, 1859.</i></p>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:240px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_18' id='linki_18'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus314a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='240' height='542' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 10. 1869. PRINCE WILLIAM OF PRUSSIA, YOUNGEST LIEUTENANT IN THE ARMY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:242px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_19' id='linki_19'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus314b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='242' height='540' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 25. 1884. PRINCE WILLIAM, COLONEL OF INFANTRY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_20' id='linki_20'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_311' name='page_311'></a>311</span>
+<img src='images/illus315a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='382' height='412' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 15. 1874. STUDENT AT CASSEL.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_21' id='linki_21'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus315b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='302' height='410' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 20. 1879. PRINCE WILLIAM, PREMIER LIEUTENANT.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_22' id='linki_22'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_312' name='page_312'></a>312</span>
+<img src='images/illus316a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='314' height='328' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 29. CROWN PRINCE OF PRUSSIA, IN THE UNIFORM OF A COLONEL OF HUSSARS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_23' id='linki_23'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus316b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='386' height='473' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 29. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, KING OF PRUSSIA, IN THE UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_24' id='linki_24'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_313' name='page_313'></a>313</span>
+<img src='images/illus317.jpg' alt='' title='' width='537' height='700' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 33. DECEMBER, 1892. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, IN THE UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS OF THE ROYAL BODY GUARD.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_314' name='page_314'></a>314</span></div>
+<h3>EUGENE FIELD.</h3>
+<p class='center'><i>Born in St. Louis, 1850.</i></p>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:255px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_25' id='linki_25'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus318a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='255' height='341' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE SIX MONTHS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:241px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_26' id='linki_26'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus318b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='241' height='371' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 12.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:273px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_27' id='linki_27'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus318c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='273' height='270' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 20.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:264px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_28' id='linki_28'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus318d.jpg' alt='' title='' width='264' height='414' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 23.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:312px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_29' id='linki_29'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_315' name='page_315'></a>315</span>
+<img src='images/illus319a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='312' height='388' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 30.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:311px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_30' id='linki_30'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus319b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='311' height='389' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 34.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_31' id='linki_31'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus319c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='399' height='483' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 42.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_316' name='page_316'></a>316</span></div>
+<h3>COLONEL ALBERT A. POPE.</h3>
+<p class='center'><i>Born in Boston, 1843.</i></p>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:276px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_32' id='linki_32'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus320a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='276' height='375' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 7.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:271px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_33' id='linki_33'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus320b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='271' height='375' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 15.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_34' id='linki_34'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus320c.jpg' alt='' title='' width='403' height='488' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 19. 1862. LIEUTENANT IN THE 35TH MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_35' id='linki_35'></a>
+</div>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_317' name='page_317'></a>317</span>
+<img src='images/illus321a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='402' height='417' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 27.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_36' id='linki_36'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus321b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='518' height='547' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AGE 48.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_318' name='page_318'></a>318</span>
+<a name='DREAMS_GO_BY_CONTRARIES_BY_GEORGE_H_JESSOP' id='DREAMS_GO_BY_CONTRARIES_BY_GEORGE_H_JESSOP'></a>
+<h2>DREAMS GO BY CONTRARIES.
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By George H. Jessop.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_37' id='linki_37'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus322.png' alt='' title='Dreams Go By Contraries' width='538' height='398' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t want to hurry
+any one,&#8221; remarked
+our host, shaking the
+ashes out of a well-blackened
+meerschaum,
+&#8220;but we have
+a long day before us to-morrow,
+and if any one
+wants any sleep this
+is the time to take it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>No response from any one of the half-dozen
+men lounging in the snug armchairs
+of that most perfectly appointed
+smoking-room.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t mind,&#8221; said Sir Alan. &#8220;Two
+or three hours in bed are enough for
+me at any time. Please pass the spirit
+case, Jones. I wonder you&#8217;re not
+sleepy, Tom Everton. You used always
+to be in bed by eleven when you
+had an early morning in prospect, but
+I suppose matrimony has cured you of
+that along with other failings.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Tom says he isn&#8217;t going,&#8221; some one
+remarked.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Not going! Pooh, nonsense! I
+thought he&#8217;d made up his mind to bring
+down a hart royal, at least, or leave
+his bones on Balmaquidder Brae.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Mr. Everton looked decidedly uncomfortable.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I&mdash;I should like to try of all things,&#8221;
+he stammered, &#8220;but&mdash;well&mdash;I won&#8217;t&mdash;at
+least I think&mdash;I&mdash;I shan&#8217;t go with
+you to-morrow&mdash;that is, if Sir Alan will
+excuse me.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Please yourself and you&#8217;ll please
+me,&#8221; replied the hospitable baronet;
+&#8220;but if it isn&#8217;t any secret I&#8217;d like to
+know what has made you change your
+mind so suddenly.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;He promised Mrs. Everton he
+wouldn&#8217;t go,&#8221; broke in the previous
+speaker. &#8220;She dreamed a dream, and,
+like Pharaoh&#8217;s chief baker, she thought
+there was something in it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Do be quiet, Jones,&#8221; interrupted
+Everton, irritably. &#8220;My wife had a
+rather odd dream last night, and she&#8217;s
+a bit nervous, you know, and&mdash;well,
+after all, it&#8217;s not much to give up one
+day&#8217;s deer-stalking, if any one&#8217;s going
+to make herself miserable over it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>We all knew each other pretty well,
+this little circle of guests collected by
+Sir Alan to help him to shoot his Scotch
+mountain, and very free and outspoken
+was the &#8220;chaff&#8221; that flew around poor
+Tom Everton&#8217;s devoted head. He bore
+it with great good-humor for some time,
+till Jones made a rather uncalled-for remark
+involving questions of free will
+and &#8220;petticoat government.&#8221; Then
+Tom flared up.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t stay at home because I&#8217;m
+afraid of anything, but simply because
+I have promised. My wife dreamed
+that I went out with this party, and it
+grew late without any of us coming
+back. Then she thought she saw me
+lying face down in the Balmaquidder,
+and she seemed to know I was dead.
+I don&#8217;t remember the details, but I
+know she worked herself up into a
+shocking nervous state about it till I
+promised not to go. Of course it&#8217;s all
+nonsense, I know that, but what can
+I do?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Do as you promised!&#8221; It was
+Colonel Eyre&#8217;s deep voice that uttered
+the words, and we all glanced round at
+the speaker. He had remained silent
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_319' name='page_319'></a>319</span>
+during the badinage occasioned by
+Everton&#8217;s determination, sitting with
+his tumbler of Scotch whiskey-and-water
+in front of him, puffing away
+silently at the short brier-root, whose
+bowl scarcely cleared the sweep of his
+heavy, grizzled mustache. He was
+holding the pipe in his hand now, sitting
+erect and speaking with unmistakable
+earnestness of manner. &#8220;Do as
+you promised, and don&#8217;t be too sure it&#8217;s
+all nonsense, either. I have known
+cases in which men have lived to be
+very thankful that they yielded to a
+presentiment.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But this was a dream, colonel,&#8221;
+broke in the irrepressible Jones.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Dream be it, then! Stay at home,
+Everton. As you say, it&#8217;s not much to
+miss a day&#8217;s shooting. And if you
+neglect this warning the chances are
+you may never live to regret it.&#8221; The
+speaker took a sip from the tumbler in
+front of him, replaced his pipe between
+his lips, and leaned back as if the subject
+were at an end.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_38' id='linki_38'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus323.png' alt='' title='' width='578' height='460' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>But the colonel, an Indian officer of
+many years&#8217; service, was popularly supposed
+to have led a life of adventure,
+and to have figured in more than one
+story whose exciting incidents could
+well bear repetition. As a rule, he was
+a taciturn man, and it was by no means
+easy to &#8220;set him talking,&#8221; as the story
+goes. The present seemed an opportunity
+too good to be lost, and several
+voices demanded the experience by
+whose authority he had spoken so
+decidedly.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, yes,&#8221; said Colonel Eyre slowly,
+&#8220;I have seen a presentiment very remarkably
+fulfilled. I am not much of
+a hand at yarning, but, if you wish, I
+have no objection to give you a leaf
+out of my own book, if it&#8217;s only that
+you may leave my friend Tom here in
+peace to follow his own course, without
+badgering him about it. Yes, I mean
+you, Mr. Jones,&#8221; he went on, impaling
+that helpless youngster with a glance
+that sent him nervously to the spirit
+case, while the rest of us settled ourselves
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_320' name='page_320'></a>320</span>
+comfortably to listen, and Sir
+Alan, with a &#8220;Fire ahead, colonel,&#8221;
+drew his chair forward into a better
+position.</p>
+<p>&#8220;It was a good while after the breaking
+of the monsoon in &#8217;68,&#8221; began the
+colonel, slowly; &#8220;the weather was cool
+and pleasant enough, so that, on the
+face of it, it seemed no great hardship
+when I was ordered to take a detachment
+down to Sumbalpar. I was stationed
+at Raipur at the time, in the
+Orissa district, and word came of some
+trouble with the Zemindars above Sumbalpar.
+The only thing that seemed
+inconvenient was the suddenness of the
+order. It was just &#8216;Fall in and march
+out&#8217; without delay of an hour. I was
+a young married man in those days,
+pretty much in the position of my
+friend Tom Everton, with a wife of
+two years and a bit of a baby a few
+months old. It wasn&#8217;t pleasant to
+leave them behind me in a place like
+Raipur, and, of course, it was out of the
+question to start them at an hour&#8217;s
+notice. I spoke to my bearer, Josein,
+one of the best native servants I ever
+saw, and directed him to make arrangements
+for an early march on the following
+morning. He was to see my
+family driven quietly over to Sumbalpar
+in the tonga. They were to
+travel by easy stages under the charge
+of a careful bilewallah. If there are
+any &#8216;griffs&#8217; in this company, I may explain
+for their benefit that a tonga is a
+kind of bullock wagon, and a bilewallah
+is the driver of the same. Well,
+I had just time for a few words of comfort
+and farewell&mdash;Tom will appreciate
+all that&mdash;before I rode out of Raipur
+at the head of my column. We camped
+that night in the jungle, after a march
+of about twenty miles, and it was under
+canvas that I was visited with the
+dream or presentiment, or whatever
+you choose to call it, that gives such
+point as it may possess to this old-time
+yarn of mine.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The colonel paused to refill his glass,
+but every one&#8217;s interest was now awakened,
+and no one broke the momentary
+silence that ensued.</p>
+<p>&#8220;It was pretty late before I fell
+asleep,&#8221; resumed Colonel Eyre, setting
+down his tumbler, &#8220;and it was still
+dark when I awoke, or seemed to awake,
+with my wife&#8217;s voice ringing in my ears&mdash;a
+shriek of agony that made me start
+up from my pillow and listen breathlessly.
+There was a lantern burning
+in my tent&mdash;I had left it so when I lay
+down&mdash;and by the glimmer of light I
+saw a large, dark mass spread itself
+between me and the canvas roof and
+gradually settle down on my head. I
+did not know what it was&mdash;it was
+vague and formless in outline&mdash;but I
+had a consciousness that it was something
+of a dangerous nature&mdash;something
+that threatened my life&mdash;and I
+struggled to throw myself to one side
+or the other. In vain. I could not
+move hand or foot. I lay as if chained
+to the bed, and still the dark mass descended,
+shutting out light and air and
+seeming to suffocate me.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Nightmare!&#8221; remarked Sir Alan.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Very possibly,&#8221; returned the colonel.
+&#8220;Suddenly, just as I gave myself
+up for lost, and sank back on the pillow
+exhausted, I heard my wife&#8217;s voice
+again, this time clear and articulate.
+&#8216;Save yourself, Gerald,&#8217; it cried. &#8216;Make
+one more effort for my sake.&#8217; I glanced
+up at the threatening outline, nerving
+myself for a final struggle. It was no
+longer formless; its approach had
+ceased to be slow. Swift as the swoop
+of a falcon it descended upon me&mdash;the
+immense body of a tiger on the spring&mdash;its
+cruel jaws agape, its enormous
+paws with every claw unsheathed,
+and its hot, fetid breath on my very
+brow!&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_39' id='linki_39'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus326a.png' alt='' title='' width='577' height='355' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;A decidedly uncomfortable dream,&#8221;
+observed Jones.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Of course all this passed in one-tenth
+of the time I take to tell it. I
+rolled out from under the hungry jaws,
+and just as I reached the ground I
+heard the angry growl of the baffled
+monster, followed by a shattering roar
+loud enough to waken the Seven Sleepers.
+As my senses came back to me,
+I found myself lying half on the
+ground, half on my low camp bed,
+my body bathed in perspiration, and
+trembling in every limb. Just then
+my batman put his head inside the
+tent-flap and asked me if I had heard
+the roar, adding that there was a tiger
+in the camp. I pulled on my clothes,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_321' name='page_321'></a>321</span>
+and I could hear the men walking
+about among the tents, searching and
+whispering&mdash;but no trace of a tiger
+could we discover.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Then it was a real tiger?&#8221; inquired
+Tom.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:301px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_40' id='linki_40'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus326b.png' alt='' title='' width='301' height='382' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;It&nbsp;would seem so, as the whole
+camp had heard the roar as well as myself.
+However, it was almost morning
+by this time, and as every one was afoot
+and moments were precious I gave
+orders to push on at once. A hurried
+chota hazree was quickly prepared and
+despatched, and by the time the sun
+rose we were fairly on our way, with a
+good prospect of reaching Sumbalpar
+before nightfall. I couldn&#8217;t shake off
+the impression of the dream, however,
+try as I would. Besides, some
+natives who had come in before
+we broke camp told us of a man-eater
+which had been infesting the
+district. A tiger that has once
+tasted human flesh, as you may
+have heard, is never content with
+beef or venison afterwards, and
+they sometimes make themselves
+the terror of a whole country-side
+before they are shot. What with
+the vague misgivings suggested
+by my dream, and the tangible
+danger of the man-eater, I found
+myself growing more and more uneasy
+with every mile we marched.
+Finally, I determined to turn back
+and meet my wife. I was well
+mounted, and I believed I could
+gallop to the rear, assure myself
+that all was well with her, and
+pick up my command again before
+it reached Sumbalpar. I left the
+detachment in charge of a sergeant&mdash;poor
+old Busbee, he died
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_322' name='page_322'></a>322</span>
+of jungle fever that same year&mdash;and
+rode back as fast as King Tom, a
+very speedy chestnut, could lay leg to
+ground. I passed the spot where we
+had spent the night, and kept on several
+miles beyond without seeing anything
+to cause uneasiness. My fears
+were beginning to disperse, and common
+sense made itself heard. I realized
+that I might find it very difficult
+to give a satisfactory explanation of
+my absence if the men reached Sumbalpar
+without me&mdash;they do not pay
+much attention to dreams at headquarters.
+This view of the case became
+more impressive with each mile
+I rode, and I determined that if the
+next turn in the path did not bring my
+family into view, or show me some
+other good reason for pushing on, I
+would turn back and rejoin my command.
+Thus resolved, I cantered forward,
+swung round the tangled angle
+of brush that limited my view, and
+saw&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>Here the colonel stopped for another
+sip of whiskey-and-water.</p>
+<p>&#8220;What did you see?&#8221; cried Sir Alan.
+&#8220;Your wife?&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:207px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_41' id='linki_41'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus327.png' alt='' title='' width='207' height='232' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&nbsp;sir, I saw her. She was sitting
+with the baby in her lap in the tonga&mdash;pale&mdash;I
+have never seen such an expression
+of strained terror on any human
+countenance. The bilewallah was in
+front, trying to keep the bullocks, which
+seemed almost frantic with fear, to the
+path. I knew the man well&mdash;one of the
+best hands with a team at the station&mdash;but
+just then his face was so distorted
+with fright that I hardly recognized
+him. You know that lilac-grayish tinge
+a native&#8217;s face gets when he is scared
+almost to death&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I know, I know,&#8221; broke in Sir Alan.
+&#8220;But what was the matter&mdash;what was
+frightening them? Could you see anything?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Indeed I could,&#8221; replied the colonel.
+&#8220;Cause enough they had; not five yards
+behind them trotted the largest tiger
+it has ever been my fortune to see.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Various exclamations testified to the
+completeness of the surprise to which
+Colonel Eyre had treated his audience.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Was it a man-eater?&#8221; I asked.</p>
+<p>&#8220;At first I supposed it was, but if it
+had been I never should have seen
+them alive. After I shot the beast&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, you did shoot him?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t ask me how! I am counted
+a fair shot&mdash;I was far better then; but
+when I levelled my rifle at that brute&#8217;s
+heart, when I realized how much hung
+on the result&mdash;for if I had missed, or if
+I had merely wounded him, he would
+have been in the tonga at a single
+spring, and nothing under heaven itself
+could have saved those dearest to me
+from a horrible death&mdash;when I realized
+all this, I don&#8217;t know how I found the
+nerve to pull the trigger. I suppose I
+knew it was the only chance. My appearance
+had enraged the animal and
+he was just preparing to spring. This
+I do know, and I&#8217;m not ashamed to
+own it: when I saw that I had laid the
+tiger out with a single shot&mdash;a thing
+that doesn&#8217;t happen twice in a lifetime&mdash;I
+fell flat beside the tonga in the act
+of helping my wife down; for the first
+and last time in my life I fainted.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes, it was a pretty hard trial on the
+nerves,&#8221; resumed the colonel, as our
+discussion of the situation sank into
+silence, &#8220;but nothing to what my wife
+had gone through. That tiger had followed
+them for more than four miles
+through the jungle. The bilewallah,
+with rare presence of mind, had managed
+to keep the bullocks to their
+steady jog-trot&mdash;any increase of pace
+or appearance of flight would have
+provoked a spring. She, poor woman,
+had succeeded in hushing her baby, for
+had the child cried, nothing is surer
+than that the sound would have led to
+an attack. It must have been an awful
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_323' name='page_323'></a>323</span>
+four miles for her. It was years before
+she recovered from the effect.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And why did not the tiger attack
+them?&#8221; inquired Jones. &#8220;Does any one
+know?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;The animal was doubtless waiting
+to kill them till they got into the vicinity
+of water,&#8221; explained Colonel Eyre.
+&#8220;Tigers often do that with cattle and
+other large quarry. There was water
+a mile or less further on. I had noticed
+it myself in passing. If I had not come
+upon the ground, another ten minutes
+would have sealed their fate.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;So it may fairly be said that your
+dream was the means of saving their
+lives,&#8221; observed Tom Everton, who,
+although the most silent, had not been
+the least attentive of the listeners.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I think we may fairly admit so
+much,&#8221; replied Colonel Eyre. &#8220;If it
+had not been for my dream, I do not
+think the report of the man-eater would
+have brought me back. On the other
+hand, but for hearing about the man-eater
+and actually being awakened by
+the roar of a tiger, I am not sure that
+the dream would have had weight
+enough with me to induce me to leave
+a detachment on the march&mdash;a serious
+thing, gentlemen, as some of you who
+are soldiers know well enough.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s a very curious circumstance,
+certainly,&#8221; observed Sir Alan; and then
+there was a pause.</p>
+<p>&#8220;But see here, colonel,&#8221; Tom broke
+in again, &#8220;the dream, if a warning at all,
+was a warning of danger to you, yourself,
+and though you certainly heard
+Mrs. Eyre&#8217;s voice calling to you, yet it
+was urging you to save yourself, and
+not summoning you to her assistance.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;That is very true, and it puzzled me
+at the time. But, as I argued, it is
+wonderful enough to get a warning of
+danger in the future at all; you must
+not expect to have it spelled out to you
+in large print. Now, as to this dream
+of Mrs. Everton&#8217;s&mdash;it prefigures danger
+to you, as I understand?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;You must go to Mrs. Everton herself
+for the details. All that I remember
+is that she saw me lying drowned
+in the Balmaquidder, and read the vision
+as a warning that some accident would
+befall me if I joined the shooting-party
+to-morrow. But, by the light of your
+experience, it would seem the danger is
+to her, not to me.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m not quite so sure of that,&#8221; returned
+the colonel, thoughtfully.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well, I think there can be no question
+that your dream saved your wife&#8217;s
+life,&#8221; observed Jones, upon whose scepticism
+the colonel&#8217;s narrative had made
+some impression.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:214px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_42' id='linki_42'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus330.png' alt='' title='' width='214' height='268' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;No&nbsp;question at all,&#8221; rejoined that
+officer, rising, &#8220;and therefore, young
+man, pay attention to dreams, whether
+they be your own or those of your better
+half, which should be, <i>a fortiori</i>,
+better and more reliable than your
+own. Good-night, gentlemen. It&#8217;s
+past one o&#8217;clock, and we have an early
+start before us.&#8221;</p>
+<p>In ten minutes more silence and
+darkness reigned in the smoking-room
+of Balmaquidder Lodge.</p>
+<p>Next morning the men of the party
+were up and stirring betimes. As I
+left my bedroom, candle in hand, I
+heard voices proceeding from the
+apartment occupied by Mr. and Mrs.
+Everton. &#8220;Ah, ha,&#8221; thought I, &#8220;Tom&#8217;s
+curtain lecture is not over yet.&#8221; However,
+our friend&#8217;s absence was forgotten
+in the enjoyment of a substantial
+Highland breakfast, and by the time
+the sun asserted his power against the
+mist we were bravely breasting a steep
+mountain side, spurred on by the hope
+of a good day&#8217;s sport.</p>
+<p>Only one incident occurred at our
+start. Sir Alan was setting his face
+against a steep brae when he was
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_324' name='page_324'></a>324</span>
+stopped by the bare-legged gillie who
+acted as our guide. &#8220;Dinna gae yon
+gait, Sir Alan. We must win ower by
+the brig below.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Can&#8217;t we get across by the stepping-stones
+at the ford?&#8221; inquired our host,
+impatiently. &#8220;The bridge is a mile of
+a round.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I dinna ken that the stanes&#8217;ll be
+ower muckle safe, Sir Alan, forbye ye
+canna see them at a&#8217; wi&#8217; the white
+water swirling
+ower them, and
+the pool maybe
+ten feet deep
+close in under
+them. We
+mought win
+ower recht
+enoo, an&#8217; again
+we mought na&mdash;ye
+ken&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I ken,&#8221;
+interrupted Sir
+Alan. &#8220;We&#8217;ll
+go round by the
+bridge, gentlemen.
+There&#8217;s
+a flood in the
+river, it appears&mdash;a
+cheerful
+habit the Balmaquidder
+has
+when you least
+want it or expect
+it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>By the bridge
+accordingly we
+went, and when
+I saw the brown
+water whirling
+down in swift
+eddies I was
+thankful that
+we had not attempted the stepping-stones.</p>
+<p>It was evening, and fast growing
+dark, when we reached the glen on our
+return, wet, tired, and hungry, but
+thoroughly satisfied with the day&#8217;s result.
+We were stepping out briskly,
+for we knew we were close to home,
+when a big mountain hawk swooped
+right in front of us. Jones, who had
+not drawn the cartridge from his rifle,
+let fly on the instant, without remembering
+how small was his chance with
+a bullet at quarry on the wing. We
+were amusing ourselves chaffing Jones
+as the bird flew off untouched when
+Colonel Eyre, who was a few steps to
+the rear, pulled up short and raised his
+hand to signal for silence.</p>
+<p>We all heard it then&mdash;a shrill, lamentable
+voice ringing sharply from the hillside;
+there was no mistaking the purport
+of that appeal, it was a cry for
+help. But the mist was beginning to
+settle and the
+echo baffled us.
+For a moment
+we looked
+blankly at each
+other and
+around, not
+knowing whither
+to turn.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:320px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_43' id='linki_43'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus331.png' alt='' title='' width='320' height='503' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>Again&nbsp;the
+cry, &#8220;Help,
+help, help!&#8221;
+with a note of
+agony in it
+that stirred the
+blood like a
+trumpet. &#8220;God
+guide us&mdash;&#8217;tis at
+the foord above
+you,&#8221; cried the
+gillie, and, tired
+as we were,
+none of us were
+far behind him
+when he reached
+the stepping-stones.</p>
+<p>They were
+hidden by a
+mass of swirling,
+broken water,
+but just below
+them lay
+the pool of which the guide had spoken&mdash;calm
+by comparison with the ford,
+but agitated nevertheless with a swift
+current that flashed between steep
+banks faced with granite; as ugly a
+place for an accident as might be found
+in the whole length of the brawling
+Balmaquidder.</p>
+<p>And an accident had happened,
+plainly enough. On one of the granite
+boulders knelt Mrs. Everton, leaning
+back with all her might against the
+drag of a plaid, one end of which she
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_325' name='page_325'></a>325</span>
+held, while the other was lost in the
+black shadows of the pool.</p>
+<p>She heard our footsteps as we ran up,
+but did not turn her head. &#8220;Help,
+help!&#8221; she cried again. &#8220;I can&#8217;t hold
+on much longer, and he&mdash;oh&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>She broke off with a sob, as strong
+hands relieved her of the extemporized
+life-line, and Colonel Eyre, bending forward,
+peered down into the obscurity of
+the pool. I was one of those who had
+grasped the shore end of the plaid, and
+the strain told me that whoever was below
+still maintained his grasp. &#8220;Can
+you hold on another moment?&#8221; asked
+the colonel; then, without waiting for a
+reply, &#8220;Cling close for dear life. Now,
+boys, gently does it. A steady, slow
+pull&mdash;no jerking;&#8221; and in another moment
+the dripping, half-senseless form
+of Tom Everton was drawn out on the
+bank, his drowning grip of the plaid
+still unloosened, and laid beside the
+fainting form of his wife.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:274px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_44' id='linki_44'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus332.png' alt='' title='' width='274' height='374' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;It&nbsp;was this way,&#8221; Tom explained
+some hours later, when we were all assembled
+for our usual smoking-room
+symposium. &#8220;I dare say I was pretty
+cross all day, thinking of the sport you
+fellows were having, and all I was missing,
+and towards evening my wife suggested
+that we should walk out and try
+to meet you. We kept along the river
+up to the stepping-stones, but the crossing
+there looked so bad that my wife
+would not hear of my attempting it.
+I did not think it so very dangerous,
+but I dare say I&#8217;d have let her have her
+own way&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;As you usually do,&#8221; interjected
+Jones.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&mdash;&mdash;when all of a sudden I heard a
+shot close by on the other side. Then
+I started over at once. I&#8217;ve been
+across the ford a dozen times, but before
+I had taken three steps I found
+the stream was too strong for me. I
+tried to turn back, but the current
+seemed to whirl me right off my feet;
+I went sliding over the slippery stones,
+and in two seconds I was soused well
+over my head into the pool below, and
+spinning round like a troll in a brook.
+I tried to grasp hold of something on
+the bank, but that was the only result&#8221;&mdash;showing
+his lacerated hands&mdash;&#8220;and
+I think I must have been very
+close to kingdom come, when something
+or another flapped in my face.
+I clutched it and hung on like grim
+death; it was Jenny&#8217;s plaid, which she
+had the presence of mind to fling me
+and the pluck and strength to hold on
+to till you came to help. God bless
+her, I say&#8221;&mdash;Tom&#8217;s voice faltered a
+little&mdash;&#8220;she&#8217;s a wife to be proud of;
+and the next time she has a dream and
+wants me to stay at home, she shan&#8217;t
+have to ask me twice.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh, by the by, the dream!&#8221; broke
+in Sir Alan. &#8220;Is this accident to Tom
+to be regarded as the fulfilment of his
+wife&#8217;s dream or not?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Mrs. Everton&#8217;s dream was a warning,&#8221;
+said the colonel. &#8220;I should say
+that, having profited by the warning&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But stay,&#8221; I argued, &#8220;did she profit
+by the warning? She persuaded
+her husband to stay at home. Now,
+if he had gone with us he would have
+crossed by the bridge and been as safe
+as any of us. The dream did not save
+him. On the contrary, it very nearly
+drowned him.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;She acted for the best, and all&#8217;s
+well that ends well,&#8221; replied the colonel.
+&#8220;Look at my dream, now. If I
+had not gone to my wife&#8217;s help and
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_326' name='page_326'></a>326</span>
+shot that tiger I should never have
+seen her again. No, no, as I said before,
+you can&#8217;t expect these warnings
+to be printed out in big type.
+You must just take them as they
+come, and chance your reading them
+aright.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And come within an ace of drowning
+yourself, or some one else,&#8221; interjected
+Jones.</p>
+<p>&#8220;It only bears out the old saying
+that &#8216;Dreams go by contraries,&#8217;&#8221; I
+remarked. &#8220;Still, these are a very remarkable
+pair of coincidences.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Here&#8217;s my view,&#8221; said Sir Alan.
+&#8220;Eat light suppers, go to bed healthily
+tired, and you won&#8217;t dream at all; or, if
+you must, forget all about it as soon
+as possible. You can torture a warning
+out of almost anything, and make
+yourself wretched trying to find out
+where the hidden danger is, and very
+likely rush right into it, as Everton
+did, trying to avoid it. Half the time
+dreams do go by contraries, and it&#8217;s
+dangerous meddling with what we
+don&#8217;t understand.&#8221;</p>
+<p>And by the time the spirit case had
+completed its next round, we all agreed
+with Sir Alan.</p>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<a name='THE_TABLES_TURNED_BY_WILLIAM_WORDSWORTH' id='THE_TABLES_TURNED_BY_WILLIAM_WORDSWORTH'></a>
+<h2>THE TABLES TURNED.
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By William Wordsworth.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Up! up, my friend! and quit your books,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Or surely you&#8217;ll grow double;</p>
+<p>Up! up, my friend! and clear your looks;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Why all this toil and trouble?</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>The sun, above the mountain&#8217;s head,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>A freshening lustre mellow</p>
+<p>Through all the long, green fields has spread,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>His first sweet evening yellow.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Books! &#8217;tis a dull and endless strife;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Come, hear the woodland linnet&mdash;</p>
+<p>How sweet his music! on my life,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>There&#8217;s more of wisdom in it!</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>And hark! how blithe the throstle sings!</p>
+<p class='indent2'>He, too, is no mean preacher;</p>
+<p>Come forth into the light of things&mdash;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Let Nature be your teacher.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>She has a world of ready wealth,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Our minds and hearts to bless;</p>
+<p>Spontaneous wisdom breathed by health,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Truth breathed by cheerfulness.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>One impulse from a vernal wood</p>
+<p class='indent2'>May teach you more of man,</p>
+<p>Of moral evil and of good,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Than all the sages can.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Sweet is the lore which Nature brings;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Our meddling intellect</p>
+<p>Misshapes the beauteous forms of things&mdash;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>We murder to dissect.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Enough of Science and of Art;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Close up those barren leaves;</p>
+<p>Come forth, and bring with you a heart</p>
+<p class='indent2'>That watches and receives.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_327' name='page_327'></a>327</span>
+<a name='PASTEUR_AT_HOME_WITH_AN_ACCOUNT_OF_THE_WORK_DONE_A' id='PASTEUR_AT_HOME_WITH_AN_ACCOUNT_OF_THE_WORK_DONE_A'></a>
+<h2>PASTEUR AT HOME.<br /><span class='smcaplc'>WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORK DONE AT THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE IN PARIS.</span>
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Ida M. Tarbell.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Institut Pasteur.&#8221; The
+coachman nodded.
+The cab door
+slammed. The vehicle
+rattled across
+the Seine, left the
+grand boulevards,
+passed the garden of the Luxembourg,
+and fell into a long, narrow street running
+off into the southwestern corner
+of Paris. The high, dignified house-fronts
+and the stately portals were soon
+passed; busy little shops took their
+place. We were in an industrial quarter
+whose commonplace was only varied
+here and there by a fine old <i>hôtel</i>, the
+country house of some rich proprietor,
+probably, in the days, not so very long
+ago, when all this portion of the city
+was without the walls, and when an industrial
+invasion was undreamed of.</p>
+<p>The cab left the Rue Vaugirard,
+crossed a superb boulevard, entered the
+Rue Dutot, and stopped. Behind a long,
+high, black <i>grille</i>, and separated from it
+by a hedge of shrubbery, a grass plot,
+and a broad gravelled drive-way, rose
+a red-brick, stone-trimmed façade.
+Across the front, above the handsome
+doorway, one read <i>Institut Pasteur</i>;
+and, still higher, <i>Subscription Publique,
+MDCCCLXXXVIII</i>.</p>
+<p>On the grass plot in front of the
+stately marble steps stood a small
+bronze statue mounted on a high
+granite pedestal. It represented a boy
+of twelve or fourteen years in a life-and-death
+struggle with a mad dog.
+He has succeeded in fastening about
+the neck of the furious animal the
+thong of a long whip. He is strangling
+him. Beside the boy, or the ground,
+is a wooden shoe. With it he will beat
+the beast to death. The statue tells
+the story of one of the earliest subjects
+treated by M. Pasteur for hydrophobia,
+Jean-Baptiste Jupille, a shepherd lad,
+who, seeing a group of children attacked
+by a mad dog, throttled the animal and
+beat it dead with his <i>sabot</i>. He carried
+away a dozen or more bites from
+the conflict, was sent to Paris, inoculated,
+and cured. A fitting subject to place
+before the doorway of the Pasteur Institute!</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:241px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_45' id='linki_45'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus335b.png' alt='' title='' width='241' height='305' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE STATUE OF JUPILLE.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>Statue,&nbsp;façade and lawn are new.
+The bricks have not yet lost their
+glare. One can almost see the dust
+still on the stone. The bronze has not
+lost its fresh lustre. Even the lawn has
+the unevenness of new sod, the horse-chestnut
+trees are small, the ivy has
+not had time to climb far up the walls.</p>
+<p>Everything is still and sealed in front,
+but to the right, from the <i>concierge&#8217;s</i>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_328' name='page_328'></a>328</span>
+lodge back to a solid, practical, dark
+stone building in the rear of the main
+hall, is a throng of idle people, chatting
+in clusters, sunning themselves on
+the benches, walking up and down. It
+is a strikingly cosmopolitan company.
+There are Arabs in red, brown, blue, or
+white; Italian women in aprons and
+lace head-dresses; Spanish peasants in
+dark cloaks and broad-brimmed hats;
+Yankees, Zouaves, Russians. The low
+babel of a multitude of tongues fills
+the air.</p>
+<p>One only brushes the edge of this
+crowd as he makes his way to the doorway
+in the end of the main building,
+the entrance to the private apartment
+of M. Pasteur.</p>
+<p>Narrow winding stairs lead up to a
+suite of lofty rooms, furnished with
+solid, dignified woods, carpeted with
+soft, dark rugs, windows and doors hung
+with heavy stuffs. The immediate impression
+is one of comfort, warmth and
+quiet. The impression deepens as one
+enters the library, where, before a desk,
+sits the great French savant, Madame
+Pasteur near by. There is something
+home-like here. This might be the
+sitting-room of some well-to-do New
+England squire or judge. Involuntarily
+one searches in the face of the
+eminent savant, eying him so keenly
+and so kindly, for traces of relationship
+with the Puritan type. There is the same
+square determination, the same obstinacy
+of purpose, the same direct sincerity;
+but it is mellowed by Latin tenderness,
+kindled by French brilliancy.</p>
+<p>This is a great man, one feels instinctively&mdash;a
+man so great that he despises
+notoriety&mdash;and a journalist. It is reassuring.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_46' id='linki_46'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus336.png' alt='' title='' width='504' height='332' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>The great master does not look to
+be seventy years of age as he sits behind
+his desk, his elbow on the table,
+his hand supporting his head. His hair
+and beard are still iron-gray; the hair
+is concealed largely by the silk skullcap
+he always wears, but the beard is
+abundant. The eyes are as penetrating,
+as full of ardor, as ever. It is only
+when he speaks or moves that one sees
+the ravages of the paralysis which overtook
+him twenty-five years ago, after
+his terrible three years of labor in the
+little house at Alais, investigating the
+disease of the silk-worm. The whole
+left side has been since then nearly
+useless. His speech is hesitating, his
+motion difficult, but in spite of his feebleness
+he spares no pains to interest
+his guest. One talks with M. Pasteur
+with the ease and naturalness of the
+fireside.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Look at my birthplace,&#8221; he says,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_329' name='page_329'></a>329</span>
+rising, and taking from the mantel a
+photograph of the humble home at
+Dôle, Jura, where he was born. &#8220;My
+village gave it to me at my <i>fête</i>.&#8221;</p>
+<p>I happen to know the story of the
+picture, and examine it with pleasure.
+There was, indeed, no more touching
+feature in the great Pasteur jubilee of
+last December than the presentation of
+this photograph by the Mayor of Dôle.</p>
+<p>The little village has always had a
+loyal pride in the fact that M. Pasteur
+was born there. Ten years ago it celebrated
+the French Fourth of July (July
+14) by placing a plaque on the façade
+of the house, bearing the inscription:</p>
+<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>Ici est né Louis Pasteur,<br />
+Le 22 Dec., 1822.</span></p>
+<p>M. Pasteur was present and made a
+speech. In the course of it he referred
+to his parents, their ambition
+for him, their self-sacrifice, their faith
+in him. He recalled his father&#8217;s words:
+&#8220;Louis, if I see you one day a professor
+in the college of Arbois I shall be
+the happiest man on earth.&#8221; Overpowered
+by his recollections, he broke
+down, sobbing.</p>
+<p>The villagers of Dôle have never
+forgotten the scene. When the great
+Pasteur jubilee was celebrated they
+sent up their mayor, commissioned to
+present the picture of the early home,
+together with a facsimile of the register
+of M. Pasteur&#8217;s birth. That
+they were not mistaken in thinking
+that he would be pleased, it is easy to
+see as he stands before me, eying the
+humble house with tender pride.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:368px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_47' id='linki_47'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus337.png' alt='' title='' width='368' height='250' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE LODGE.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Have&nbsp;you no picture of yourself
+taken in your boyhood at Dôle?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; he answered. &#8220;The earliest
+picture I have is much later. Let me
+see, I must have been decorated then.
+Where is the old album?&#8221;</p>
+<p>The album is brought, a small
+square book, looking as if it had just
+come off the table in the best room of
+a New England farm-house. There is
+the same high-relief decoration, the
+same gilt lines edging the photograph
+apertures. And these people? Verily,
+they might have lived in New England
+forty years ago!</p>
+<p>M. Pasteur turns the leaves. Madame
+Pasteur leans over his shoulder.
+They stop now and then and exchange
+a smile as they come upon an old
+friend. At last the sought-for photograph
+is found. M. Pasteur at thirty&mdash;a
+great man already, for already he
+has made discoveries in crystallography
+which have won him a name among
+scientists.</p>
+<p>The plans for investigation which
+filled the head of the young man who
+sits up so straight in the old photograph
+were never completed. The enthusiastic
+student of crystallography
+was forced to change the subject of his
+studies. Even now the great savant
+laments the change.</p>
+<p>&#8220;If I have a regret,&#8221; he says, &#8220;it is
+that I did not follow that route, less
+rude, it seems to me, and which would
+have led, I am convinced, to wonderful
+discoveries. A sudden
+turn threw me into the
+study of fermentations,
+fermentations set me at
+diseases, but I am still inconsolable
+to think that I
+have never had time to go
+back to my old subject.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Beside the hero of the
+studies in crystallography
+M. Pasteur places his latest
+picture. It lacks in
+youthfulness, but it has
+gained in ripeness. This
+photograph has much of
+the vigor and the alertness
+one sees in the splendid
+bust by Paul Dubois displayed
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_330' name='page_330'></a>330</span>
+in the Salon of 1880, and now
+in a gallery at Copenhagen. This bust
+is the most satisfactory portrait of M.
+Pasteur ever made, unless it be the
+painting by Edelfelt displayed in the
+Salon of 1886. In the same Salon appeared
+Bonnat&#8217;s portrait of M. Pasteur
+and his granddaughter.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_48' id='linki_48'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus338.jpg' alt='' title='' width='672' height='459' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+M. PASTEUR IN HIS SALON.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>As I look at M. Pasteur in his library,
+however, I see only the old model of
+Bonnat. I have difficulty in believing,
+indeed, as I watch him bending smilingly
+over the old album, now and then
+laughing aloud at the discovery of
+some forgotten picture, that this man,
+over fifty years ago, for the sake of an
+education, made himself a jack-of-all-trades
+in the college of Besançon, and
+was aroused every morning at four
+o&#8217;clock with the night-watchman&#8217;s cry:
+&#8220;<i>Come, Pasteur, chase the demon of laziness.</i>&#8221;
+It is difficult to picture him in
+the intoxication of scientific enthusiasm
+and discovery, sacrificing health, leisure,
+pleasure, to the passion of learning
+which had taken possession of him.</p>
+<p>He is so gentle, it seems incredible
+that he has had to meet coldness, contempt,
+opposition of every species, in
+his life; that, when he asked the most
+modest of appropriations from the
+government, he met the contemptuous
+reply that &#8220;there was no rubric in the
+budget for allowing three hundred dollars
+a year for experiments;&#8221; that for
+every step in his discoveries he has had
+literally to fight, contending with Pouchet
+and Joly on the subject of spontaneous
+generation, with Liebig on
+fermentations, with the Germans and
+Italians on the attenuation of virus,
+with the popular opinion of his own
+compatriots when he dared vaccinate
+for hydrophobia, and when his supporters
+dared erect the present Institute
+to facilitate his work.</p>
+<p>One cannot picture him <i>tête-à-tête</i>
+with mad dogs. It is hard to believe
+him capable of that astonishing self-mastery
+which made him withhold for
+months, and sometimes even years, the
+results of incomplete investigations,
+and of the equal hardihood which, when
+he was convinced of a truth, led him to
+accept the most severe and most public
+tests of its exactness.</p>
+<p>I make an attempt to find the scientist
+and venture a question.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Oh,&#8221; says M. Pasteur, &#8220;if you
+want to know that, you must go and
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_331' name='page_331'></a>331</span>
+see M. Roux. You will find him in the
+laboratory.&#8221;</p>
+<p>We rise and go into the long hall. At
+the opposite end from the library two
+large doors open into the spacious vestibule
+which occupies the centre of the
+main building.</p>
+<p>&#8220;You can go out by the main hall and
+directly into the laboratory, or down
+the private stairs.&#8221; I hesitated. No,
+I would not spoil my impression of M.
+Pasteur at home. I would keep laboratory
+and home separate. I descended
+to the private entrance, and, as I went
+down, two kindly faces looked over at
+me, and the gentle, hesitating voice of
+the great savant said:</p>
+<p>&#8220;Take care, it is dark. Don&#8217;t slip.
+Take care.&#8221; On the last step I stopped
+and looked up. The two friendly faces
+were still looking down.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:378px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_49' id='linki_49'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus339.png' alt='' title='' width='378' height='525' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE HOUSE AT DÔLE, WHERE M. PASTEUR WAS BORN.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>I&nbsp;had&nbsp;come to see the destroyer of
+the theory of spontaneous generation,
+the demonstrator of the microbe origin
+of disease, the conqueror of hydrophobia.
+I had found something greater,
+perhaps, than them all&mdash;a perfectly
+gentle soul.</p>
+<h3>IN M. PASTEUR&#8217;S WORKSHOP.</h3>
+<p>I crossed the lawn and entered a
+large waiting-room occupying the middle
+of the building devoted to laboratory
+work. The room is flooded with
+light, seated with benches, and decorated
+with no other ornaments than a
+series of photographs of the Pasteur
+Institute at Rio Janeiro, two great
+maps on which are marked the cities
+where institutions similar to this at
+Paris are to be found, and cards containing
+certain rules applicable to patients
+coming for treatment against
+hydrophobia. Among
+these latter the important
+ones are that the treatment
+is gratuitous, that
+each patient must bathe
+before coming for inoculation,
+that board and
+lodging are not furnished,
+and that the grateful may,
+if they wish, leave a gift
+at the end of their term
+of treatment.</p>
+<p>There were sixty or
+seventy persons in the
+room. They had come
+to be vaccinated against
+hydrophobia. They were
+of the greatest contrast
+in age, in condition, in
+culture. Beside a shrivelled,
+leather-brown Arab
+woman from the desert
+was a pink and white little
+miss from London. A
+young man with the refined
+face, correct dress
+and distinguished manners
+of a gentleman sat
+beside a huge and none-too-clean
+German laborer.
+As a rule, it was a friendly,
+cheerful company. It
+was only here and there
+that one saw a person
+who seemed conscious
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_332' name='page_332'></a>332</span>
+that in his veins a hideous poison was
+at work. Most of them took it for
+granted that their cure was certain.
+Some of them scoffed at the nonsense
+of going to the trouble of being vaccinated.</p>
+<p>A dignified liveried servant entered,
+calling &#8220;Attention.&#8221; The company
+bestirred itself and disappeared. I
+made my way to the inoculating room.</p>
+<p>The operation of inoculating for
+hydrophobia is founded on the theory
+that if an &#8220;attenuated&#8221; microbe, that
+is a microbe so treated that its power
+of doing harm has been reduced to a
+low degree, is introduced into a body,
+it will produce an indisposition which
+is not itself serious, but which is sufficient
+to render the body proof against
+attacks of the original microbe.</p>
+<p>Now M. Pasteur has discovered
+that it is possible to so treat a microbe
+that its power of evil is of any degree;
+that is, to &#8220;exalt&#8221; as well as to
+&#8220;attenuate&#8221; it. Having these microbes
+of varying strengths he invented
+a method of graduated vaccination;
+that is, by beginning with a virus of
+low degree, and increasing each day
+the strength of the virus, an operator
+arrives at a point where he can vaccinate
+a body with a virus stronger
+than there is any danger of its ever
+being exposed to in nature. He thus
+secures lasting immunity.</p>
+<p>Thus, in vaccinating against rabies,
+the patient is treated first with a weak
+virus; this is followed by one more
+powerful, and so on, until at the end
+a highly &#8220;exalted&#8221; one is injected
+safely.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:319px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_50' id='linki_50'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus341.jpg' alt='' title='' width='319' height='482' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+M. PASTEUR AT THIRTY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>It&nbsp;is&nbsp;this treatment which is practised
+daily at the Pasteur Institute, in
+the inoculation room where I found
+myself.</p>
+<p>Gathered in a kind of pen formed by
+a little fence were three members of
+the institution: a secretary, whose business
+it is to keep track of the number
+of persons to be treated with each
+particular virus; an assistant, who has
+prepared the virus for the day&#8217;s use;
+twelve small wine glasses of cloudy
+liquid protected by small paper funnels;
+and, by a table, the inoculator.
+The roll was called and a half dozen
+men entered the room. They were to
+be inoculated with a virus of the lowest
+strength, most of them for the first
+time. They showed a bewildered and
+comic embarrassment as the attendant
+directed them to bare the hypogastrium.
+The embarrassment changed
+to a momentary look of distress as
+they felt their arms pinned behind
+their backs, and the sharp needle
+injected a syringeful of virus into the
+delicate flesh. The first class of men
+and boys passed out, and the women
+and little children entered. They
+were succeeded by a second class, and
+so on until all had been treated.</p>
+<p>The simplicity of the operation
+seemed out of proportion to the horror
+of the disease. I remembered the
+shrugs I had seen and the doubts I had
+heard expressed over the treatment.
+&#8220;It is not sure yet.&#8221; &#8220;It does not
+always work; such-a-one died, you
+know.&#8221; &#8220;They have not found the
+microbe either.&#8221; My faith was shaking.
+Evidently I must see Doctor
+Roux.</p>
+<p>On the second floor of the building I
+found the office and private laboratory
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_333' name='page_333'></a>333</span>
+of the under-director of the Pasteur
+Institute, a man whose researches in
+connection with Pasteur, whose devotion
+in the cholera mission in Egypt in
+1883, and whose independent investigations
+on diphtheria, have made him
+famous in the medical world. The office
+was small, and it had something of
+the attraction of a curio shop. There
+was none of the precision of the man
+of small affairs here. It was the confusion
+of the man of big affairs, who
+cannot endure to have his things meddled
+with. Over a table where culture
+tubes, blow-pipes, virus glasses and
+bottles filled with suspicious-looking
+fluids were scattered promiscuously
+around a valuable microscope, hung a
+gem of a painting&mdash;a dashing charge
+of cavalry. Beside a case of books,
+and partly concealing a fine portrait of
+Pasteur, hung the gray-white laboratory
+blouses of M. Roux. Under an
+exquisite etching askew in a corner
+stood a cage of brown-and-white guinea-pigs,
+martyrs to science, probably.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:272px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_51' id='linki_51'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus342.png' alt='' title='' width='272' height='398' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+AT THE JUBILEE OF M. PASTEUR. THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC WELCOMING M. PASTEUR IN THE AMPHITHEATRE OF THE OLD SORBONNE.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>Curiosity was cut short, for a quick
+step was heard in the outer room, and
+Doctor Roux entered. A slight figure,
+bent a little from a life spent over
+books, tubes and microscopes, but
+tingling to the finger-tips with nervous
+energy; a face a little pale, but fresh in
+color; brown hair and beard, glowing
+brown eyes, perhaps forty years&mdash;such
+is this eminent associate of Pasteur.
+As he runs over the pile of letters cut
+and awaiting him, he talks.</p>
+<p>&#8220;So you have just seen the inoculation?
+Do I believe it a sure cure?&#8221;
+The doctor lays down his letters as he
+repeats the latter question in an astonished
+tone. &#8220;Of course I do. There
+is nothing surer in medical science.
+Look at these figures.&#8221; He rises and
+draws out from the midst of a pile of
+papers a big black <i>serviette</i>, fumbles for
+a moment among the documents it contains,
+and pulls out the latest report
+made by the Institute on the results of
+vaccination for hydrophobia, that for
+1891.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Now listen to these figures. In
+1886 the Pasteur made its first report:
+2,671 persons were vaccinated that year
+against hydrophobia; 25 of them died&mdash;.94
+of one per cent. In 1887, 1,770
+persons were treated; 13 died&mdash;.73 of
+one per cent. In 1888, 1,622 were
+treated; 9 died&mdash;.55 of one per cent.
+In 1889, 1,830 were treated; 7 died&mdash;.38
+of one per cent. In 1890, 1,540
+were treated; 5 died&mdash;.32 of one per
+cent. In 1891, 1,559 were treated; 3
+died&mdash;.19 of one per cent. You notice
+each year the per cent. of deaths has
+been lower. In the six years the treatment
+has been reported, we average just
+about one-half of one per cent of loss.
+Tell me where you find a treatment
+surer?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But you have not found the microbe?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Humph! that does not prevent the
+method working. It is aggravating
+not to have found him. It prevents,
+possibly, the simplification of the inoculation
+process. Nevertheless it works.
+So does vaccination for small-pox. We
+do not know the microbe of small-pox.
+There is much we do not know yet.
+Remember, too, that it was only in 1880
+that M. Pasteur made up his mind to
+begin an exhaustive study of hydrophobia,
+and that all he foresaw at first
+was the possibility of vaccinating dogs
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_334' name='page_334'></a>334</span>
+against rabies, and that it was only in
+1885 that the first person, little Joseph
+Meister, was inoculated, after a council
+of physicians had decided that his
+death was certain, and that his life was
+saved.&#8221;</p>
+<h4>PORTRAITS OF M. PASTEUR.</h4>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:316px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_52' id='linki_52'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus344a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='316' height='454' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+BY LAFON.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:282px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_53' id='linki_53'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus344b.png' alt='' title='' width='282' height='371' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+BUST BY P. DUBOIS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:337px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_54' id='linki_54'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus345a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='337' height='479' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+BY BONNAT.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='figright' style='width:337px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_55' id='linki_55'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus345b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='337' height='412' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+BY A. EDELFALT.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>The&nbsp;newness of the Pasteur doctrines
+and treatment is, indeed, one of
+the most striking things about the Institute.
+One rubs his eyes to remember
+that, thirteen years ago, very few
+people admitted the <i>rôle</i> of bacteria in
+the world, and that those who did admit
+their existence were very much at
+sea about what to do with them.</p>
+<p>The doctrine of microbe, the theory
+that ferments and virus are living beings,
+that a vaccine is an attenuated
+virus, that medicine is based on the
+artificial attenuation of virus&mdash;all this
+is now so widely received, is so thoroughly
+a part of popular belief, that
+one is bewildered in remembering that
+twelve years ago the general theory of
+disease was that it is &#8220;in us, from us,
+by us.&#8221; Especially is all this astonishing,
+standing in the Pasteur Institute,
+the crystallization of the microbe doctrine.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; continued Doctor Roux, &#8220;we
+have conquered hydrophobia; nothing
+is more certain.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And you hope to conquer other
+diseases in the same way?&#8221;</p>
+<p>The doctor made a fine nervous
+gesture. &#8220;In science one does not
+hope; one proves. In every thirty
+thousand experiments one succeeds.
+We study diseases here. Each physician
+has his special line of investigation.
+We hope for nothing. We simply
+report what we find.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But you yourself, Doctor Roux,
+have certainly hopes that diphtheria is
+almost conquered?&#8221;</p>
+<p>The doctor pursed up his mouth.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The investigations in diphtheria
+are in just this condition. We have
+proved at the Pasteur Institute&#8221; (Doctor
+Roux is modest and says &#8216;we,&#8217;
+which means himself and his assistant,
+M. Versin) &#8220;that diphtheria is a toxic
+disease; that is, that it results from
+a poison. The microbe of diphtheria
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_335' name='page_335'></a>335</span>
+does not penetrate throughout the system
+as in the case of most other microbic
+diseases. It exists only in the
+mucus found on the pharynx. This
+microbe does not cause death, but it
+secretes a poison which penetrates
+throughout the body and kills. This
+being proved, of course the next step
+is to find what will destroy the poison.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Doctor Behring, working at Berlin,
+has found that the blood of animals
+vaccinated for diphtheria gives a therapeutic
+serum which destroys the diphtheric
+poison. We are now testing the
+practical value of the serum at the
+Institute. This is absolutely our &#8216;last
+word&#8217; on diphtheria.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And as for cholera! What is the
+last word?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;The <i>bacillus virgula</i> of Doctor
+Koch is believed, by the great majority
+of savants, to be the true cholera
+germ. We are trying here, as experimenters
+are trying elsewhere, to give
+immunity to animals against the microbe.
+It is absolutely all that one
+can say authoritatively on the cholera.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And the method of vaccination
+which Doctor Haffkine believes he has
+discovered?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;It has not been proved yet that it
+will give immunity. Until we have
+that proof we neither hope nor fear.
+We simply work and wait. Doctor
+Haffkine has, you know, severed his
+connection with the Pasteur Institute
+and gone to India to continue his researches.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But he has had faith enough in his
+method to try its effects on himself,
+has he not?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Very true, and so have perhaps a
+hundred others tried its effects. But
+that proves nothing.&#8221;</p>
+<p>There is a self-repression about these
+severe statements which has something
+of the heroic in it. Who would be so
+glad to announce absolute safeguards
+against diphtheria and cholera as this
+man who has risked his life to find them?
+Yet, until he is sure, he will not even
+say &#8220;hope.&#8221;</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_336' name='page_336'></a>336</span></div>
+<p>I remember the words of Pasteur
+himself: &#8220;To believe that one has
+found an important scientific fact, to
+be in a fever to announce it, to compel
+one&#8217;s self for days, weeks, sometimes
+years, to be silent, to force one&#8217;s self to
+destroy his own experiments and to
+announce nothing until he has exhausted
+all contrary hypotheses&mdash;that is
+hard.&#8221;</p>
+<p>It is hard, but it is one of the strongest
+elements in the Pasteur spirit of scientific
+research. Evidently Doctor Roux
+has learned to practise it vigorously.</p>
+<p>&#8220;In the same way that we are investigating
+diphtheria and cholera,&#8221;
+continues the doctor, &#8220;we are studying
+other diseases. But one cannot get a
+fair idea of what the Pasteur Institute
+does by any other means than looking
+at its organizations. There is a great
+deal done here besides original investigation.
+In the first place, we are an
+absolutely independent and free institution.
+The money was given by popular
+subscription and without conditions.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The entire lower floor is devoted to
+practical work. There are performed
+the inoculations for hydrophobia on an
+average of some seventy a day. The
+practical department is not, however,
+confined to the treatment of hydrophobia.
+There are prepared the vaccines
+for all those diseases of animals which
+M. Pasteur has proved can be cured by
+inoculation, such as chicken cholera,
+splenic fever, and <i>rouget</i> of swine.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:362px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_56' id='linki_56'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus346.png' alt='' title='' width='362' height='352' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+A GROUP OF PATIENTS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;Quantities&nbsp;of virus are sold constantly
+to farmers for vaccinating their
+stock. It is these sales which help support
+the institution. It is an example
+of science living by science.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Here on this floor we do our instructing.
+In the lecture hall across
+the way M. Ducloux gives his lessons
+on microbic chemistry, studies the process
+of fermentation, microbic poisons,
+all phases, in short, of biological chemistry.</p>
+<p>&#8220;My work is lectures on, and experiments
+illustrating, the technique of the
+microbic method. Those who follow
+the courses are divided into two classes,
+students who simply follow the courses
+and repeat the experiments in the
+general laboratory, and the savants
+who conduct original researches here.
+The latter are furnished each with a
+private laboratory in the third story.
+Here for a merely nominal rent they
+can have the exclusive use of a laboratory
+furnished with all necessary apparatus,
+and can pursue whatever class
+of investigation pleases them.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;And you have many students?&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;We have always fifteen
+or twenty, and from all
+parts of the world. Look
+at my roll.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The doctor rose and
+drew out from the mass of
+pamphlets and papers on
+his table a big roll-book.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I have the names of
+those who have taken my
+lectures. Here is an Egyptian,
+many Russians, a
+Turk, numbers from South
+America, from Canada,
+from the East, from everywhere.
+Let us look for
+your compatriots.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Doctor Roux ran his finger
+down the pages. &#8220;Here
+is one, Doctor Orchinard
+of New Orleans. Here
+another, Doctor Tabadie
+of New York; and then
+there is Kenyoun of the
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_337' name='page_337'></a>337</span>
+United States Marine Service. But
+there have been more students in the
+institution from South America than
+from North.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_57' id='linki_57'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus347.jpg' alt='' title='' width='625' height='460' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE LIBRARY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;The department of original work is
+in the third story, and is under Doctor
+Metchnikoff, who is, you know, a Russian
+who has established himself here
+in order to devote himself to scientific
+investigation. Doctor Metchnikoff is
+aided by his wife, who acts as <i>preparateur</i>.
+She is an assistant of great
+skill and delicacy. He receives no
+salary for his labor. There are, in fact,
+three of the leading members of our
+faculty who receive no salary&mdash;M.
+Pasteur himself, M. Ducloux, and M.
+Metchnikoff. They have resigned the
+award they deserve because of our insufficient
+income.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;But the common opinion is that
+you are rich here.&#8221;</p>
+<p>&#8220;I know, but it is a mistake. The
+Pasteur Institute is very poorly endowed.
+Its yearly income is only about
+twenty-four thousand dollars. This
+revenue comes from three sources: the
+small appropriations made by the government,
+the income from the remnant
+of the private subscription with which
+it was built, and the product of the
+sales of vaccine. The fact that we can
+partly support ourselves,&#8221; added the
+doctor, laughingly, &#8220;is the best proof
+one can have of the practicability of
+bacteriology.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The most surprising feature about
+it is, that in the case of almost every
+institution copied after us, and there
+are some eighteen or twenty of them in
+various parts of the world, the income
+is much larger than ours. At Berlin
+and St. Petersburg the incomes are four
+or five times as large as ours, and, excepting
+Berlin, we are the only Pasteur
+Institute doing practical work. It is
+the old story,&#8221; said the doctor resignedly,
+&#8220;one sows and another reaps.&#8221;</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:210px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_58' id='linki_58'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus348a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='210' height='290' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+M. ROUX.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>There is certainly injustice and
+short-sightedness in such a state of
+things. The investigations of Pasteur
+have taken too heavy a bundle from
+the load of horrors which humanity
+carries, to be allowed to be limited for
+lack of money:</p>
+<p>Immunity from infectious diseases,
+and nothing else is the logical outcome
+of the Pasteur doctrines, means too
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_338' name='page_338'></a>338</span>
+much to make economy on the part of
+purse-holders excusable, when it is a
+question of funds for the investigations.
+When men like Doctor Roux
+and his associates, men trained in the
+severe Pasteur spirit and passionate
+for truth, are ready to sacrifice their
+lives to this work, overcoming the
+earth&#8217;s plagues, money is the last
+thing they should be wanting. Especially
+is this true now, when the work
+on two of the most terrible scourges of
+humanity&mdash;diphtheria and cholera&mdash;stands
+at critical stages.</p>
+<p>There is something harshly ironical,
+too, in the idea that the institution of
+Louis Pasteur, whose discoveries have,
+declares Professor Huxley, made good
+the war indemnity of five thousand
+million francs paid by France to Germany,
+should be crippled for funds.</p>
+<p>The doctor&#8217;s confidences were cut
+short by an imperative summons from
+without. I rose to go.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Take a stroll through the building,&#8221;
+advised he as he said good-by.
+I followed his advice.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_59' id='linki_59'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus348b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='558' height='445' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+DOSING THE VIRUS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>From the library one naturally passes
+to the laboratories. They open from
+the long halls in numbers. One wonders
+how so much room can be utilized,
+but none seems to be going to waste.
+In each some step of the microbic process
+is going on. Here is a doctor inoculating
+a rabbit with the poison of a
+mad dog sent to the Institute only the
+day before. The little animal lies on the
+table insensible, chloroformed, while
+with the sharp-toothed little trephine
+the operator makes a tiny hole in its
+skull, lays bare the brain, and inserts
+the virus. By the time the aperture is
+closed Brer Rabbit is sitting up, looking
+about, none the worse for his experience,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_339' name='page_339'></a>339</span>
+save a bald spot on his forehead,
+a tiny tin tag covered with hieroglyphics
+hanging from his ear. Two
+minutes later he was nibbling a carrot;
+fifteen days later he died &#8220;mad as a
+March hare.&#8221;</p>
+<p>It is not only rabbits which undergo
+this operation. Guinea-pigs, chickens,
+mice and rats are used in quantities.
+In the laboratory of autopsy there are
+to be seen aquariums filled with the
+dainty axolotl of Mexico, glasses of
+odd fish, even cages of birds.</p>
+<p>In another room an experimenter is
+dissecting a rabbit which has died of
+rabies, and from whose spinal cord he
+expects to get material for vaccinal
+virus.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_60' id='linki_60'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus349.jpg' alt='' title='' width='557' height='383' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+DR. METCHNIKOFF IN HIS LABORATORY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>In a small dark room, whose temperature
+is never allowed to vary, which
+is never swept nor dusted for fear of
+arousing tranquil microbes, and whose
+door is never opened except when absolutely
+necessary, are arranged rows
+of drying bottles, in which hang bits
+of the marrow. These bottles are
+marked with the degree of violence of
+the rabies from which the animal died,
+and with the date when the marrow
+was put up to dry.</p>
+<p>Here, attendants are preparing the
+veal broth and the gelatines in which
+the infected marrows will be cultivated.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:309px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_61' id='linki_61'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus350a.jpg' alt='' title='' width='309' height='464' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+FILLING THE SYRINGES.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>Thus&nbsp;as&nbsp;one goes from room to room
+he can follow the whole method of
+successive cultures, that method which
+is &#8220;the key-stone of the arch, and
+without which there could be no vigorous
+demonstration of the Pasteur
+method.&#8221;</p>
+<p>On every hand one sees the interesting
+&#8220;ways of doing things&#8221; which
+characterize the Institute. Here, the
+cleaning of jars, syringes and tubes is
+going on; not a simple washing and
+drying. In the Pasteur household
+articles are sterilized as well as cleaned&mdash;that
+is, burned in the flames of a
+spirit lamp, or in an oven. There, a
+man is blowing bulbs, droll balloon
+pipettes, all the multitude of glass
+contrivances the laboratories demand.
+Here, under a microscope, an investigator
+has the diphtheria pest, an inoffensive
+speck; there, another has in
+his field a whole colony of lively little
+straight and bent sticks; it is a company
+of Doctor Koch&#8217;s cholera microbes.</p>
+<p>Wherever one goes in the building
+there is a busy intentness, an absorption,
+an absolute blindness to everything
+but the work in hand, be it the
+contents of a culture tube, or the film
+on a microscope slide. One can easily
+believe of these workers the story told
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_340' name='page_340'></a>340</span>
+of M. Pasteur himself, that he had to
+be hunted up on his wedding morning
+and pulled away from his microscope,
+in order to be got into his
+dress-coat and gloves in time for the
+ceremony.</p>
+<p>Evidently, too, they have not forgotten
+the words their master spoke
+on the day of the inauguration of the
+Institute:</p>
+<p>&#8220;All the enthusiasm you have had
+since the beginning, my dear co-laborers,
+I beg of you to keep; but give it,
+as an inseparable companion, a severe
+control. Announce nothing that you
+cannot prove in a simple, decisive
+fashion.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Cultivate the critical spirit. Left
+to itself it neither awakens ideas nor
+stimulates to great deeds, but without
+it all is lost.&#8221;</p>
+<p>As one goes from room to room,
+and talks with one and another of the
+busy, courteous savants, he realizes
+finally that it is here that Pasteur the
+scientist is to be found. The labors
+that made the great savant famous are
+all summed up here. Here his methods
+are at work, here is his spirit alive in
+the men who have best comprehended
+him, and whom he has been able most
+deeply to inspire. It is a great thing
+to achieve. It is a greater thing to
+inspire others to achieve. Louis Pasteur
+has done both.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_62' id='linki_62'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus350b.jpg' alt='' title='' width='631' height='448' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+THE RABBITS&#8217; QUARTERS.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_341' name='page_341'></a>341</span>
+<a name='STRANGER_THAN_FICTION_HUGH_BRONTS_COURTSHIP_THE_EL' id='STRANGER_THAN_FICTION_HUGH_BRONTS_COURTSHIP_THE_EL'></a>
+<h2>STRANGER THAN FICTION.<br /><span class='smcaplc'>HUGH BRONTË&#8217;S COURTSHIP. THE ELOPEMENT OF HUGH BRONTË AND ALICE MCCLORY.</span><br /><br /><span class='smaller smcap'>Unpublished Chapters from &#8220;The Brontës in Ireland.&#8221;</span>
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Doctor William Wright.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<blockquote>
+<p><span class='smcap'>Note.</span>&mdash;&#8220;The Brontës in Ireland&#8221; will be issued in book form by D. Appleton &amp; Co., after the serial publication
+is concluded in <span class='smcap'>McClure&#8217;s Magazine</span>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3>I. <br /><br />LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.</h3>
+<p>The visit to McClory&#8217;s
+in County Down
+was another momentous
+step in the
+life of Hugh Brontë.
+He had shaken off
+the nightmare of
+cruel slavery. His
+work, mostly in the open air, suited him.
+He was well paid, had good food and
+clothing, and in two years the starved
+and ragged boy had become a large,
+handsome, well-dressed man. Like
+most handsome people, Hugh knew
+that he was handsome, and the resources
+of Dundalk were taxed in those
+days to the utmost to set off to perfection
+his manly and stately figure.</p>
+<p>On Christmas Eve Hugh Brontë
+drove up furiously in a Newry gig to
+the house of McClory in Ballynaskeagh.
+He was a somewhat vain man,
+and fond of admiration, and, no doubt,
+as he approached McClory&#8217;s thatched
+cottage, with his pockets full of money,
+and with the self-confidence which
+prosperity breeds, he meant to flutter
+the house with his greatness.</p>
+<p>But a surprise was in store for him.
+The cottage door was opened, in response
+to his somewhat boisterous
+knock, by a young woman of dazzling
+beauty. Hugh Brontë, previous to his
+flight, had seen few women except his
+Aunt Mary, and in the days of his freedom
+he had become acquainted only
+with lodging-house keepers and County
+Louth women who carried their fowl
+and eggs to Dundalk fairs and markets.
+He had scarcely ever seen a
+comely girl, and never in his life any
+one who had any attractions for him.</p>
+<p>The simply dressed, artless girl who
+opened the door was probably the
+prettiest girl in County Down at the
+time. The rector of Magherally, who
+married her, pronounced her the most
+beautiful woman he had ever seen.
+Her hair, which hung in a profusion of
+ringlets round her shoulders, was luminous
+gold. Her forehead was Parian
+marble. Her evenly set teeth were
+lustrous pearls, and the roses of health
+glowed on her cheeks. She had the
+long brown eyelashes that in Ireland
+so often accompany golden hair, and
+her deep brown eyes had the violet
+tint and melting expression which, in
+a diluted form, descended to her granddaughters,
+and made the plain and
+irregular faces of the Brontë girls
+really attractive. The eyes also contained
+the lambent fire that Mrs. Gaskell
+noticed in Charlotte&#8217;s eyes, ready
+to flash indignation and scorn. She
+had a tall and stately figure, with
+head well poised above a graceful neck
+and well-formed bust; but she did not
+communicate these graces of form to
+her granddaughters. There are people
+still living who remember the
+stately old woman, &#8220;Alys Brontë,&#8221; as
+she was called by her neighbors in her
+old age.</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_342' name='page_342'></a>342</span></div>
+<p>Hugh Brontë was completely unmanned
+by the radiant beauty of the
+simple country girl who stood before
+him. He stood awkwardly staring at
+her with his mouth open, working with
+his hat, and trying in vain to say something.
+At last he stammered out a
+question about Mr. McClory, and the
+girl, who was Alice McClory, told him
+that her brother would soon be home,
+and invited him into the house.</p>
+<p>He entered, blushing and feeling
+uncomfortable, but the unaffected simplicity
+of Alice McClory&#8217;s manner soon
+put him at his ease, and before the
+brother Patrick, known afterwards as
+&#8220;Red Paddy,&#8221; had returned home, he
+was madly and hopelessly in love with
+his sister.</p>
+<p>Like his son, the Reverend Patrick
+Brontë, in England, and like the Irish
+curate who proposed marriage to Charlotte
+on the strength of one night&#8217;s acquaintance,
+Hugh, dazzled by beauty
+and blinded by love, declared his passion
+before he had discovered any signs
+of mutual liking, or had any evidence
+that his advances would be agreeable.</p>
+<p>Alice, in simple, but cold and business-like
+manner, told him that she did
+not yet know him; but that as he was
+a Protestant, and she a Catholic, there
+was an insuperable bar between them.</p>
+<p>Hugh urged that he himself had no
+religion, never having darkened a
+church door, and that he was quite
+willing to be anything she wished him
+to be.</p>
+<p>Alice met his earnest pleadings with
+playful sallies which disconcerted him,
+and little by little she led him to the
+story of his life, episodes of which she
+had heard from her brother. Pity
+melts the heart to love, and Alice was
+moved greatly by Hugh&#8217;s simple narrative.</p>
+<h3>II. <br /><br />PURE LOVE AND PARTY STRIFE.</h3>
+<p>The Christmas holidays passed pleasantly
+under the hospitable roof of the
+McClory family. The chief amusement
+of the neighborhood was drinking
+in the shebeen, or local public
+house, but Hugh declined to accompany
+Paddy to the shebeen, preferring
+solitude with his sister.</p>
+<p>Before the holidays had come to a
+close, Hugh and Alice had become engaged,
+but the course of true love in
+their case was destined to the proverbial
+fate. All Miss McClory&#8217;s friends
+were scandalized at the thought of her
+consenting to marry a Protestant.</p>
+<p>Religion, among Catholics and
+Orangemen, in those days, consisted
+largely of party hatred. He was a
+good Protestant who, sober as well as
+drunk, cursed the Pope, and on the
+12th of July wore orange colors, and
+played with fife and drum a tune
+known as &#8220;The Battle of the Boyne.&#8221;
+And he was a good Catholic who, in
+whatever condition, used equally emphatic
+language regarding King William.
+No more genuine expression of
+religious feeling was looked for on
+either side.</p>
+<p>There is a story told in the McClory
+district which illustrates the current
+religious sentiment. Two brother
+Orangemen, good men after their lights,
+had long been fast friends. They seldom
+missed an opportunity, in the
+presence of Catholics, of consigning
+the Pope to an uncomfortable place, to
+which he himself has been wont to consign
+heretics.</p>
+<p>It happened that one of the two
+Orangemen fell sick, and when he
+was at the point of death his friend
+became greatly concerned about his
+spiritual state, and visited him. He
+found him in an unconscious condition,
+and sinking fast; and putting his lips
+close to the ear of his sick friend, he
+asked him to give him a sign that he
+felt spiritually happy. The dying man,
+with a last supreme effort, raised his
+voice above a whisper, and in the venerable
+and well-known formula cursed
+the Pope. His friend was comforted,
+believing that all was well.</p>
+<p>Whether this gruesome story be true
+or not, it goes to illustrate the fact
+that blasphemous bigotry had largely
+usurped the place of religion. But
+bitter party feeling did not end with
+mere words. Bloody battles between
+Orangemen and Catholics were periodically
+fought on the 12th of July, the
+anniversary of the battle of the Boyne,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_343' name='page_343'></a>343</span>
+and on the 17th of March, Saint Patrick&#8217;s
+day. Within six miles of McClory&#8217;s
+house more than a dozen
+pitched battles were fought, sometimes
+with scythes tied on poles, and sometimes
+with firearms. One of these
+murderous onsets, known as the battle
+of Ballynafern, took place within sight
+of McClory&#8217;s house.</p>
+<p>At Dolly&#8217;s Brae a battle was fought
+in 1849, in presence of a large body of
+troops, who remained neutral spectators
+of the conflict till the Catholics
+fled, and then joined with the victors
+in firing on the flying foe.</p>
+<p>The scenes of these struggles, such
+as Tillyorier, Katesbridge, Hilltown,
+The Diamond, etc., are classic spots
+now. Each has had its poet, and ballads
+are sung to celebrate the prowess
+of the victors, who were uniformly the
+Orangemen, inasmuch as they used
+firearms, while the Catholics generally
+fought with pikes and scythes.</p>
+<p>Hugh Brontë had not yet discovered
+the deep and wide gulf that yawned between
+Protestants and Catholics, and so
+he made light of the religious objections
+of which he had heard so much
+from Alice. But the Catholic friends
+of Miss McClory, who had heard the
+Pope cursed by Protestant lips almost
+every day of their lives, could not
+stand by and see a Catholic lamb removed
+into the Protestant shambles.
+They came to look on Brontë as a
+Protestant emissary, more influenced
+by a fiendish desire to plunder the
+Catholic fold than by love for their
+beautiful relative.</p>
+<p>Hugh Brontë, in his eager simplicity,
+wanted to supersede all opposition by
+getting married immediately, but so
+great a commotion ensued that he had
+to return to the kilns at Mount Pleasant,
+leaving his matrimonial prospects
+in a very unsatisfactory condition.</p>
+<p>Troops of relatives invaded the
+McClory house daily, and ardent Catholics
+tried in vain to argue down Alice
+McClory&#8217;s newly kindled love. All the
+Roman Catholic neighbors joined in
+giving copious advice, and little was
+talked of in fairs and markets, and at
+chapel, but the proposed marriage of
+Alice McClory with an unknown Protestant
+heretic.</p>
+<p>The priest, also, as family friend, was
+drawn into the matter. In those days
+Irish priests were educated in France
+or Italy, and were generally men of
+culture and refinement. Their horizon
+had been widened. They had come in
+contact with the language, literature,
+and social habits of other peoples, and
+they had become courteous men of the
+world. They had to some extent got
+out of touch with the fierce fanaticism
+of party strife.</p>
+<p>The priest called on Miss McClory.
+Everybody knew that he had, and
+awaited the result; but Alice&#8217;s beauty
+and simplicity and tears made such
+an impression on the kind-hearted old
+priest that his chivalrous instinct was
+aroused, and he was almost won to
+the lady&#8217;s side. The centre of the
+agitation then shifted from McClory&#8217;s
+cottage to the priest&#8217;s manse, and so
+hot was the anger of the infuriated
+Catholics that the good-natured priest
+promised, sorely against his will, that
+he would not consent to marry the
+pair.</p>
+<p>Hugh Brontë was nominally a Protestant,
+but he had not been in a church
+of any kind from the time he was five
+years of age. He had received no religious
+instruction. He could not read
+the Bible for himself, and no one had
+ever read it to him, and he was as innocent
+of any religious bias or bigotry
+as a savage in Central Africa. Suddenly
+he found himself the central
+figure in a fierce religious drama.</p>
+<p>At first he was greatly amused, and
+laughed at the very suggestion of his
+religion being considered a stumbling-block.
+From the time he left his
+father&#8217;s house he had seldom heard the
+divine name except in some form of
+malediction, and religion had brought
+no consolation to his hard life. He
+had never presumed to think that he
+had any relationship to the church, its
+priests were so gorgeous, and its people
+so well-to-do. Gallagher had made
+him familiar with the dread powers
+of the infernal world, and with the
+&#8220;Blessed Virgin and the saints&#8221; in
+their malevolent capacity, but the malignant
+hypocrisy of Gallagher was
+quite as repulsive to him as the vindictive
+blasphemy of his uncle. In fact,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_344' name='page_344'></a>344</span>
+he had lived in an atmosphere untouched
+by the light or warmth of
+religion.</p>
+<p>Hugh&#8217;s bondage and suffering had
+made him neither cringing nor cruel,
+and his freedom had come in time to
+permit the full development of a large
+and generous heart in a robust and
+healthy body. In his simplicity of
+heart he prevailed on Alice to invite
+her friends to meet him. He would
+soon remove their dislike with regard
+to his religion. Under the impulse of
+his enthusiasm he thought he could
+disarm prejudice by a frank and open
+avowal of his absolute indifference to
+all religions.</p>
+<p>Nothing, perhaps, in the whole history
+of the Brontës exceeded in interest
+that meeting. A dozen wily Ulster
+Catholics gathered round simple-hearted
+Hugh Brontë in Paddy McClory&#8217;s
+kitchen. How the Orange champions
+would have trembled for the Protestant
+cause if they had been aware of Hugh&#8217;s
+danger!</p>
+<p>The preliminary salutations over, a
+black bottle was produced, and a glass
+of whiskey handed round. Hugh had
+never learned to drink whiskey, and,
+at that time, detested the very smell of
+it. His refusal to drink with McClory&#8217;s
+friends was a first ground of offence,
+but the whiskey had not yet brought
+the drinkers into the quarrelsome mood.</p>
+<p>When several bottles of McClory&#8217;s
+whiskey had been drunk, and the temperature
+of the guests had risen, the
+religious question was approached.
+Brontë was urged, in peremptory tones,
+to abjure Protestantism. He had his
+answer ready. He was no more a
+Protestant than they were, and he had
+no Protestantism to abjure. &#8220;Will you
+then curse King William?&#8221; said a fiery
+little man, who had taken much liquor,
+and seemed to be the spokesman of the
+party.</p>
+<p>There is a principle in human nature
+which has been taken far too little
+account of by both philosophers and
+peasants. It has been the dominant
+principle in many of the important decisions
+that have sealed the fate of
+nations as well as of individuals. The
+principle is expressed by a word which
+is always pronounced in one way by
+the cultured, and in quite a different
+way by the unlettered. The word in
+its illiterate use is &#8220;contr<i>air</i>yness,&#8221; and
+but for the principle expressed by this
+word the Brontë girls would never
+have made their mark in literature,
+and this history would never have
+been written.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Curse King William,&#8221; shouted the
+fiery little man, supported by a hoarse
+shout from the other half-tipsy guests,
+all of whom had turned fierce and glaring
+eyes on the supposed Protestant.</p>
+<p>&#8220;I cannot curse King William,&#8221; replied
+Hugh, smiling. &#8220;He never did
+me any harm; besides, he is beyond the
+region of my blessings and cursings.
+But,&#8221; added he, warming with his subject,
+&#8220;I should not mind cursing the
+Pope, if he is the author of your fierce
+and besotted religion.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Alice first saw the danger, and uttered
+a sharp cry. Suddenly the family
+party sprang upon Hugh, as the ambushed
+Philistines once flung themselves
+on Samson, but he shook them
+off, and left them sprawling on the
+floor. Alice drew him from the house,
+bleeding and disheveled, and after a
+tender parting in the grove beside the
+stream, he started on foot for Mount
+Pleasant.</p>
+<p>Two immediate results followed that
+conflict. Hugh Brontë became a furious
+Protestant and a frantic lover.
+There was no lukewarmness or indifference
+as to his Protestantism. The
+Brontë <i>contrairyness</i> had met the kind
+of opposition to give it a stubborn set,
+and he there and then became a Protestant,
+double-dyed, in the warp and
+in the woof. The process of his conversion,
+such as it was, was prompt,
+decisive, effectual. It was somewhat
+orange in hue and militant in fibre, and
+was a genuine product of the times.</p>
+<p>Hugh&#8217;s love for Alice was fanned
+into a fierce flame by the events of that
+night. When he first met her he had
+been dazzled by her rare beauty. He
+had seen few women, and never one
+like Alice. For the first time he had
+come under the spell of a simple but
+beautiful girl. They were young, shy
+lovers; very happy in each other&#8217;s
+company, but each sufficiently self-possessed
+to be happy enough in self.</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_345' name='page_345'></a>345</span></div>
+<p>From the crucible of contradiction
+on that night the jewel love had leaped
+forth. Each was drawn out from the
+self-centre in which each had been concentrated
+in self; he to declare his
+love in the face of relentless foes, and
+she to cling to him, and protect him,
+when bruised and torn by her friends.
+Beneath the pines, that night, they
+pledged, with mingling tears, undying
+love. They parted, but their hearts
+were one; and persecution, poverty
+and bereavement only welded them
+more closely together in the changing
+years.</p>
+<h3>III. <br /><br />LOVE&#8217;S SUBTERFUGES.</h3>
+<p>Hugh returned to the Mount Pleasant
+kilns, but his heart was no longer
+in his work. The burning of lime requires
+incessant care. The limestones
+must be broken to a proper size, layers
+of coal in due proportion must be
+added, and there must be constant
+watchfulness lest the fires should die
+out. Farmers&#8217; sons and servants started
+generally from County Down about
+midnight, and after traveling all night
+arrived at the kilns for their loads
+about dawn. A badly burnt kiln of
+lime was a grave loss to the owners, as
+well as a serious disappointment to the
+customers, and likely to result in loss
+of custom.</p>
+<p>There were many complaints as to
+the character of the lime immediately
+after Christmas, and the farmers on
+several occasions found, on slaking their
+loads at home, that only the surface of
+the stones was burnt, and that they had
+paid for, and imported, heaps of raw
+limestone.</p>
+<p>Hugh&#8217;s thoughts were not in his
+business. He had made several Sunday
+journeys to Ballynaskeagh, to have
+secret meetings with Alice. They met
+in the grove by the brook, in a spot
+still pointed out as the &#8220;Lovers&#8217; Arbor&#8221;
+or &#8220;Courting Bower,&#8221; and there, under
+willows festooned with ivy and honeysuckle
+and sweetbriers, they spent
+lonely but happy Sundays.</p>
+<p>They were at last betrayed by a
+Catholic servant who had been intrusted
+with a message to Alice. Then
+began a system of espionage and petty
+persecution, and all the forces of the
+McClory clan were united in an effort
+to compel Alice to marry a Catholic
+neighbor, called Joe Burns.</p>
+<p>At this time Hugh began to learn to
+read and write, and he succeeded so
+far, by the light from the eye of the
+kiln at night, as to be able to write love
+letters which Alice was able to read.
+He also, about the same time, succeeded
+in spelling his way through the New
+Testament.</p>
+<p>Like many other professions, a lime-kiln
+is a jealous mistress, and requires
+constant attentions. Young Brontë
+brought to it a divided mind, and gave
+it the second place in his thoughts.
+He was constantly leaving the kilns in
+the care of a companion on Saturday
+evenings and making long journeys to
+see Alice, returning on Monday morning,
+after a fatiguing night&#8217;s journey.
+At first his companions did all they
+could to make up for his absence and
+absent-mindedness; but a change came,
+and they did their best to throw the
+light of exaggeration on his deficiencies.</p>
+<p>News had reached them from the
+North that he was a Protestant firebrand,
+that he had cursed the Pope,
+and made a savage attack on some
+harmless Catholics. At the kilns his
+manner had changed, and he had become
+moody and morose. Besides, he
+was constantly reading a little book by
+the light of the burning lime at night,
+instead of telling stories and singing
+songs, as in former times. The book
+was said to be the Bible, but it was in
+fact a New Testament that he was
+learning to read.</p>
+<p>A plot was immediately hatched to
+get rid of so dangerous a colleague.
+One of the Catholics undertook, as
+usual, to look after the kilns while he
+made an expedition to County Down;
+but he not only failed to charge the
+kilns properly, but he sent for the
+owner on Monday morning early, that
+he might see for himself the condition
+of things. The northern carts arrived
+by dawn, to find that there was nothing
+for them but unburnt lime. While the
+matter was being explained Hugh
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_346' name='page_346'></a>346</span>
+arrived, haggard and weary after his
+night&#8217;s journey, and was peremptorily
+dismissed, without any explanation
+from either side being tendered or
+accepted.</p>
+<p>I have no record of Hugh&#8217;s proceedings
+immediately after his dismissal,
+but he must have been reduced to considerable
+straits, for he went to the
+hiring ground in Newry, and engaged
+himself, as a common servant-boy, to
+a farmer who resided in Donoughmore.
+As a farm laborer in those
+days he would receive about six pounds
+per annum, with board and lodging;
+but then he was near his Alice, and
+that made every burden light.</p>
+<p>Hugh&#8217;s new master, James Harshaw,
+was not an ordinary farmer. The
+Harshaws had occupied the farm from
+early in the fifteenth century, and
+James, who had received the education
+of a gentleman, had behind him the
+traditions of an old and respectable
+family. In the Harshaw home shrewd
+and steady industry was brightened
+by culture and refinement. The wheel
+of fortune had brought Hugh Brontë
+into a family where mental alacrity
+had full play.</p>
+<p>Brontë seems to have been treated
+with consideration and kindness by the
+Harshaws, who probably recognized in
+him something superior to the ordinary
+farm servant. At any rate, in those
+days the walls of class distinction were
+not raised so high as they are now, and
+the Harshaw children taught him to
+read.</p>
+<p>Hugh was much with the family.
+He drove them to Donoughmore
+Presbyterian Meeting House on Sundays,
+and sat with them in their pew,
+and he accompanied them to rustic
+singing parties, and such local gatherings.
+He used also to drive them in
+the summer time to Warrenpoint and
+Newcastle, and other watering-places,
+and remain with them as their attendant.</p>
+<p>In such treatment of a servant there
+was nothing unusual, and Mr. John
+Harshaw, the present proprietor of the
+ancestral home, has no very decisive
+information regarding this particular
+servant. He says, &#8220;The probability is
+that Hugh Brontë hired with my
+grandfather, whose land touched the
+Lough, but I fear it is too true that he
+passed through my grandfather&#8217;s service
+and left no permanent record
+behind him.&#8221;<a name='FNanchor_0001' id='FNanchor_0001'></a><a href='#Footnote_0001' class='fnanchor'>[1]</a></p>
+<p>I think it is more than probable that
+Brontë repaid his young masters and
+mistresses for their teaching, by telling
+them stories. Under Harshaw&#8217;s roof
+he found not only work and shelter,
+but a home and comfort, and it is inconceivable
+that under those circumstances
+he allowed the gift that was in
+him, of charming by vivid narration, to
+lie dormant.</p>
+<p>As long as he lived he spoke of the
+Harshaws with gratitude and affection,
+and I do not believe he could
+have been so glad and happy without
+contributing to the general enjoyment.</p>
+<p>In the latter part of last century, the
+<i>raconteur</i> occupied the place in Ireland
+now taken by the modern novelist, and
+I believe Hugh Brontë dropped doctrines
+into the minds of the young Harshaws
+which produced far-reaching
+results. Such was the fixed conviction
+of my old teacher, the Reverend W.
+McAllister.</p>
+<p>It happened that the Martins, another
+ancient family, lived quite near
+to the Harshaws. The land of the
+two families enclosed Loughorne
+round. The Martins were rich and
+slightly aristocratic, but the two families
+were thrown much together, and
+Samuel Martin, the son of the one
+house, married Jane Harshaw, the
+daughter of the other.</p>
+<p>She was a deeply religious and resolute
+woman, with a stern sense of duty.
+One of her nephews tells me she always
+conducted family worship after the
+death of her husband. She died of a
+fever, caught while ministering to the
+dying, in accordance with her high
+sense of Christian duty. Her life was
+given for others, and, at her funeral,
+the Reverend S. J. Moore said: &#8220;She
+was a woman who knew her duty and
+did it.&#8221;</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_347' name='page_347'></a>347</span></div>
+<p>Her second son, John Martin, inherited
+his mother&#8217;s great mental capacity
+and strong sense of duty. At school,
+in Newry, he met young John Mitchel,
+and inspired him with something of his
+own enthusiasm, and the two youths
+came to the conclusion that it was their
+duty to put right Ireland&#8217;s wrongs.
+John Mitchel was sent to penal servitude
+for fifteen or twenty years, and then
+John Martin stepped into the place
+vacated by his friend, and was transported
+to Van Diemen&#8217;s Land for ten
+years.</p>
+<p>The conviction of &#8220;honest John
+Martin&#8221; gave a blow to the old system
+in Ireland from which it has never
+recovered. Even his enemies were
+shocked at the ferocity of the sentence;
+but then he had written a
+pamphlet under the text: &#8220;<i>Your land,
+strangers devour it in your presence, and
+it is desolate.</i>&#8221; (Isaiah, i. 7.) He had
+proclaimed from the housetops Hugh
+Brontë&#8217;s tenant-right doctrines, of
+which more anon. He had attacked
+the sacred rights of landlordism, and
+he was sent to a safe and distant place
+for quite a different offence, called
+treason felony.</p>
+<p>John Martin was a man of large
+property, but he devoted his life and
+all his income to what he considered
+the good of others.</p>
+<p>He had taken his B.A. degree at
+Trinity College, Dublin, and studied
+medicine, and for many years he gave
+advice and medicine gratuitously to all
+who came to him. The poor were
+passionately attached to him.</p>
+<p>I remember seeing him and speaking
+to him once, after he had received a
+free pardon, and become a member of
+parliament. No one could have looked
+on the great, capacious head, and the
+handsome, benevolent face, without
+questioning the system that had no
+better use for such a man than sending
+him to rot in penal servitude. Lord
+Palmerston beheld the ex-convict with
+profound admiration, and expressed
+deep sympathy with him as the victim
+of a bad system.</p>
+<p>John Martin preached and suffered
+for the very doctrines that Hugh
+Brontë enunciated with such passionate
+conviction. Where did he get those
+doctrines? I have a profound belief,
+though I have no positive proofs, that
+John Martin&#8217;s beliefs and principles
+grew from seeds sown by Hugh Brontë,
+the servant boy. In this belief the
+Reverend W. McAllister and the Reverend
+David McKee shared, or, rather,
+my faith has grown from their convictions.</p>
+<p>Jane Harshaw, however she got them,
+carried the doctrines into the Martin
+family. They mingled with and
+strengthened her strong sense of duty,
+and they added passion to her lust
+after justice and the thing that was
+right. With her son John, the feeling
+of obligation to break the ban of Ireland&#8217;s
+curse became irresistible. He
+was dowered with an inexhaustible
+grace of pity for all sufferers, and the
+impulse to redress the wrongs of the
+oppressed overpowered him and led
+him to acts of impatience and imprudence,
+which gave his cool-headed
+enemies the opportunity they were
+ready enough to embrace. But the
+revolutionary doctrines for which John
+Martin suffered came from the same
+seed that produced Charlotte Brontë&#8217;s
+radical sentiments, and it is interesting
+to note that in both cases the seed
+produced its fruit about the same
+period (1847-1848).</p>
+<p>I must now leave these historical
+speculations, however plausible and
+probable they may be, and return to
+the direct narration of known facts.</p>
+<p>Hugh Brontë had disappeared forever
+from the Mount Pleasant kilns.
+Those who had plotted his dismissal
+exaggerated every foible of his life,
+and invented others, after he was gone,
+until, by a spiteful blending of fact
+and fancy, they made him into a monster.</p>
+<p>The farmers&#8217; sons and servants who
+carted lime from Mount Pleasant to
+County Down brought with them
+wonderful tales of his misdeeds and
+disgrace. And Alice McClory&#8217;s guardians
+believed that he had disappeared
+forever into the distant South, from
+whence he had emerged. They never
+suspected that he was actually living
+in their neighborhood, and that he and
+Alice had met at Warrenpoint, Newcastle,
+and elsewhere.</p>
+<div class='footnote'><a name='Footnote_0001' id='Footnote_0001'></a><a href='#FNanchor_0001'><span class='label'>[1]</span></a>
+<p>As we shall see, the parish records of Hugh&#8217;s marriage
+and Patrick&#8217;s baptism are both lost, and though
+Patrick was schoolmaster in Glascar Presbyterian
+school, and in Drumgooland Episcopalian school, he
+has left no permanent record behind him in either
+place. Records in those days were ill-kept.</p>
+</div>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_348' name='page_348'></a>348</span></div>
+<h3>IV. <br /><br />THE ELOPEMENT.</h3>
+<p>Under restraint, Alice had drooped
+and pined, but now that Brontë had left
+the country she was permitted to ride
+about the neighborhood quite alone.
+She enjoyed horse exercise greatly, but
+no matter in what direction she left home
+her way lay always through Loughorne.
+Perhaps the roads were better in that
+direction, but she always exchanged
+salutations with a handsome working-man,
+by the expanse of water in Loughorne.
+When he was not about she
+used very humanely to take her horse
+down to the lake to drink, and from a
+hole in an old tree she used to remove
+a scrap of paper, leaving something
+instead. The tree used to be pointed
+out as &#8220;Brontë&#8217;s post-box,&#8221; but
+the lake has recently been drained,
+and the trees have, I believe, disappeared.</p>
+<p>Everything that could be done was
+done, to please Miss McClory, but no
+opportunity was missed to further
+Farmer Burns&#8217;s suit. He was a prosperous
+man. He had a good farm, a good
+house, plenty of horses and cows, and
+was a very desirable husband for Alice.
+He was also a Catholic. Brontë had
+shown that he did not care for her by
+going away, and never thinking of her
+more. The priest joined with Alice&#8217;s
+female friends in pleading for Burns.
+At length, by incessant perseverance,
+they prevailed on her to consent to
+marry Burns, and forget Brontë. The
+incessant drip had made an impression
+at last, and the crafty relatives had
+gained their end.</p>
+<p>There was joy in the Catholic camp
+when it was publicly announced that
+Miss McClory and Mr. Burns were soon
+to be married. McClory&#8217;s house was
+thatched anew, and whitewashed and
+renovated throughout. The roses were
+nailed up around the windows; the
+street was strewn with fresh sand; new
+window-blinds and bed-curtains were
+provided, and pots and pans were burnished.
+Never before had McClory&#8217;s
+house been subjected to such an outburst
+of sweeping and brushing and
+washing and scouring; the whole place
+became redolent of potash and suds.
+It was spring cleaning <i>in excelsis</i>.</p>
+<p>The local dressmaker, Annie McCabe,
+whose granddaughter, of the
+same name, is now dressmaker in the
+same place, assisted by Miss McClory&#8217;s
+female relatives, was busily engaged
+on the bridal dress. Burns used to look
+in daily on the incessant preparations,
+his countenance beaming with joy, but
+Alice would not permit him to destroy
+the pleasures of imagination by approaching
+near to her. She would lift
+her finger coyly, and warn him off, if he
+presumed on any familiarities, but she
+allowed him to sit on the other side of
+the fire from that graced by herself.</p>
+<p>At length the wedding-day arrived.
+Such signs of feasting had never before
+been seen in Ballynaskeagh. New
+loaves had been procured from Newry,
+fresh beef from Rathfriland, whiskey
+from Banbridge. A great pudding,
+composed of flour and potatoes, and
+boiled for many hours over a slow
+fire, with hot coals on the lid of the
+oven, had been prepared. Two of
+the largest turkeys had been boiled,
+and laid out on great dishes with an
+abundant coating of melted butter, and
+a huge roll of roasted beef was served
+up as a burnt offering. Signs of abundance
+stood on table and dresser and
+hob, while rows of bottles peeped from
+behind the window-curtains; and neither
+envy nor spite could say that Red Paddy
+McClory was not providing a splendid
+wedding for his sister. The morning
+rose glorious, and, as the custom
+then was, Burns and his friends,
+mounted on their best horses, raced to
+the house of the bride &#8220;<i>for the broth</i>,&#8221;
+first in being the winner. On such occasions
+crowds of neighbors crowned
+the hilltops. The cavalcade was greeted
+with ringing cheers, as it swept in a
+cloud of dust down the road from the
+Knock Hill. Several riders were unhorsed,
+but the steeds arrived in McClory&#8217;s
+court, champing their bits and
+covered with foam. A covered car
+from Newry stood near the house, on
+the road, to take Alice to the chapel,
+but she was to ride away from the
+chapel mounted on the pillion, behind
+her husband.</p>
+<p>There was an unexpected pause; no
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_349' name='page_349'></a>349</span>
+one knew why. Some dismounted and
+stood by their stirrups, ready to mount
+when the bride had entered her carriage.
+Glasses of whiskey were handed
+round, and then the pause became more
+awkward and the suspense more intense.
+At last it became known that
+Alice, who had been up nearly all
+night finishing her new gowns, had
+felt weary, and fitting on her wedding
+dress, had gone out on her mare for a
+spurt, to shake off drowsiness. Messengers
+were sent in different directions to
+search for her, but they had not returned.
+Some accident must have befallen
+her.</p>
+<p>Burns, who rode a powerful black
+horse, and who had won the broth,
+galloped off wildly towards Loughbrickland.
+The other cavaliers scoured
+the country in different directions; but,
+while all kinds of surmises were being
+hazarded, a messenger on foot from
+Banbridge, with dainties for the feast,
+arrived, and reported that he had met
+Miss McClory and a tall gentleman
+galloping furiously toward the river
+Bann, near Banbridge. There was
+great excitement among the guests,
+and whiskey and strong language without
+measure. After a hurried consultation
+the mounted guests agreed to
+pursue the fugitives and bring Miss
+McClory back; but, while they were
+tightening their girths and getting
+ready for a gallop of five or six miles,
+a boy rode up to the house on the mare
+that had been ridden by Alice, bearing
+a letter to say she had just been married
+to Hugh Brontë in Magherally church.
+She sent her love and grateful thanks
+to her brother, hoped the party would
+enjoy the wedding dinner, and begged
+them to drink her health as Mrs. Brontë.</p>
+<p>The plucky manner in which the
+lady had carried out her own plan, outwitting
+the coercionists by her own
+cleverness, called forth admiration in
+the midst of disappointment, and the
+cheery message touched every heart.
+The calamity that had befallen Burns
+did not weigh heavily on the hearts of
+the guests, in presence of the splendid
+dinner before them, and especially as it
+was now clear that the lady was being
+forced to marry him against her will.</p>
+<p>At this juncture the kind and courteous
+old priest rose, and with great
+skill and good-humor talked about the
+events of the day. He brought into
+special prominence the humorous and
+heroic episode in a manner that appealed
+to the chivalry of his hearers,
+and then, with tender pathos, referring
+to the beautiful daughter of the house,
+called upon the guests to drink her
+health. The toast was responded to
+with a hearty ringing cheer. Burns, who
+has left a good reputation behind him,
+promptly proposed prosperity to the
+new-married couple, and Red Paddy,
+always kind and generous, promised to
+send the united good wishes of the
+whole party to the bride and bridegroom,
+and to assure them of a hearty
+welcome, in which the past would be
+forgotten. Paddy, as we shall see,
+kept his word. Thus the grandfather
+and grandmother of the great novelists
+were married in 1776, in the Protestant
+church of Magherally, the clergyman
+who officiated pronouncing the
+bride the most beautiful woman he had
+ever seen.</p>
+<hr class='tb' />
+<p>The following verses have always
+been known as the product of Hugh
+Brontë&#8217;s muse. I am inclined to think
+they may have, in an original form,
+been produced by Hugh, and smoothed
+down by his son Patrick. And perhaps,
+in the refining process, they have lost
+in strength more than they have gained
+in sound.</p>
+<p>I do not think old Hugh would have
+known anything, at first hand, of &#8220;the
+peach bloom,&#8221; or of &#8220;the blood-red
+Mars.&#8221; The poem, forty years ago,
+had many variations, but there is one
+line of special interest, as it shows that
+the verses were known to Charlotte
+Brontë. The verse, with a slight variation,
+is put into the mouth of Jane
+Eyre. Rochester says: &#8220;Jane suits
+me; do I suit her?&#8221; Jane answers:
+&#8220;To the finest fibre of my nature,
+sir.&#8221;
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_350' name='page_350'></a>350</span></p>
+<h3>ALICE AND HUGH.</h3>
+<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'>
+<p>The red rose paled before the blush</p>
+<p class='indent2'>That mantled o&#8217;er thy dimpled cheek,</p>
+<p>The peach bloom faded at the flush</p>
+<p class='indent2'>That tinged thy beauty ripe and meek.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Thy milk-white brow outshone the snow:</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Thy lustrous eyes outglanced the stars:</p>
+<p>Thy cherry lips, with love aglow,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Burned ruddier than the blood-red Mars.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Thy sweet, low voice waked in my heart</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Dead memories of my mother&#8217;s love.</p>
+<p>My long-lost sister&#8217;s artless art</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Lived in thy smiles, my gentle dove.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Dear Alice, how thy charm and grace</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Kindled my dull and stagnant life!</p>
+<p>From first I saw thy winning face,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>My whole heart claimed thee for my wife.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>I thought you&#8217;d make me happy, dear:</p>
+<p class='indent2'>I sought you for my very own:</p>
+<p>You clung to me through storm and fear:</p>
+<p class='indent2'>You loved me still, though poor and lone.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>My love was centred all in self:</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Thy love was centred all in me:</p>
+<p>True wife, above all pride and pelf,</p>
+<p class='indent2'>My life&#8217;s deep current flows for thee.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>The finest fibres of my soul</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Entwine with thine in love&#8217;s strong fold;</p>
+<p>Our tin cup is a golden bowl;</p>
+<p class='indent2'>Love fills our cot with wealth untold.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_351' name='page_351'></a>351</span>
+<a name='THE_LEGEND_OF_THE_ELEPHANT_AND_THE_LION_BY_HENRY_M' id='THE_LEGEND_OF_THE_ELEPHANT_AND_THE_LION_BY_HENRY_M'></a>
+<h2>THE LEGEND OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE LION.
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Henry M. Stanley.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<p class='center'>Copyright, 1893, by Henry M. Stanley.</p>
+<p>It was a custom with us, when crossing
+Africa in 1874-77, to meet after
+dinner around the camp-fire, to while
+away the evening with pleasant gossip,
+reminiscences, curious African legends.
+Sunset in the tropics is soon
+followed by darkness, and the heavy
+vapors rising from the hot, steaming
+ground appear to give thickness and
+substance to it. A large fire is then
+very agreeable, as it drives away the
+damp and dew; and it is a comfort to
+look into its flames and glowing embers,
+wherein each man sees what he sees.
+No doubt the drift of the mind at such
+times, to think of such things as are
+driven away by the needs of the stirring
+day, suggested that we could be
+more sociable and more interested if
+we related to one another such stories
+as were told to us by the old folks at
+home. On trial it was found that there
+were some of our men who were most
+accomplished in the art of narration,
+and I fancied, after writing one or two
+out, that there was some kind of a
+moral of an African character in each,
+after which I paid more attention to
+them, and, on retiring from the circle, I
+would hastily jot down what I had
+heard. If there were some points still
+obscure in the story I would invite its
+narrator to relate it to me at the first
+halting-place. But then I would find
+also that there was a great deal of
+difference between the story told to me
+alone and that related to the audience
+round the fire&mdash;there was then less
+local color, less detail, and less animation.</p>
+<hr class='tb' />
+<p>At a camp on the Upper Congo, in
+1877, Chakanja drew near our fire as
+story-telling was about to begin, and
+was immediately beset with eager demands
+for a tale from him. Like a
+singer, who always professes to have
+a cold before indulging us, Chakanja
+needed more than a few entreaties;
+but finally, after vowing that he never
+could remember anything, he consented
+to gratify us with the legend
+of the Elephant and the Lion.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; he answered, with a deep
+sigh, &#8220;if I must, I must. You must
+know we Waganda are fond of three
+things&mdash;to have a nice wife, a pleasant
+farm, and to hear good news, or a
+lively story. I have heard a great
+many stories in my life, but, unlike
+Kadu, my mind remembers them not.
+Men&#8217;s heads are not the same, any
+more than men&#8217;s hearts are like. But
+I take it that a poor tale is better
+than none. It comes back to me like
+a dream, this tale of the Elephant and
+the Lion. I heard it first when on a
+visit to Gabunga&#8217;s; but who can tell
+it like him? If you think the tale is
+not well told, it is my fault; but then,
+do not blame me too much, or I shall
+think I ought to blame you to-morrow,
+when it will be your turn to amuse the
+party.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Now open your ears. A huge and
+sour-tempered elephant went and wandered
+in the forest. His inside was
+slack for want of juicy roots and succulent
+reeds, but his head was as full
+of dark thoughts as a gadfly is full of
+blood. As he looked this way and
+that, he observed a young lion asleep
+at the foot of a tree. He regarded it
+for a while, then, as he was in a wicked
+mind, it came to him that he might as
+well kill it, and he accordingly rushed
+at it, and impaled it with his tusks.
+He lifted it with his trunk, swung it
+about, dashed it against the tree,
+and afterwards kneeled on the body
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_352' name='page_352'></a>352</span>
+until it became as shapeless as a
+crushed banana pulp. He then
+laughed, and said, &#8216;Ha! ha! This
+is a proof that I am strong. I have
+killed a lion, and people will say proud
+things of me, and will wonder at my
+strength.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Presently a brother elephant came
+up and greeted him.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;See,&#8217; said the first elephant, &#8216;what
+I have done. It was I that killed him.
+I lifted him on high, and, lo! he lies
+like a rotten banana. Do you not
+think I am very strong? Come, be
+frank now, and give me some credit
+for what I have done.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Elephant No. 2 replied: &#8216;It is true
+that you are strong, but that was only
+a young lion. There are others of
+his kind, and I have seen them, who
+would give you considerable trouble.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Ho, ho!&#8217; laughed the first elephant.
+&#8216;Get out, stupid! You may
+bring his whole tribe here, and I will
+show you what I can do. Ay, and to
+your dam to boot.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;What! My own mother, too!&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Yes. Go and fetch her if you
+like.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Well, well,&#8217; said No. 2, &#8216;you are
+far gone, there is no doubt. Fare you
+well.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;No. 2 proceeded on his wanderings,
+resolved in his own mind that, if he
+had an opportunity, he would send
+some one to test the boaster&#8217;s strength.
+No. 1 called out to him:</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Away you go. Good-by to you.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;A little way on, No. 2 elephant met
+a lion and lioness, full grown, and
+splendid creatures, who turned out
+to be the parents of the youngster
+which had been slain, and he said to
+them, after a sociable chat:</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;If you go further on along the
+path I came, you will meet a kind of
+game which requires killing badly.
+He has just mangled your cub.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Meantime elephant No. 1, chuckling
+to himself very conceitedly, proceeded
+to the pool near by to bathe
+and cool himself. At every step he
+went you could hear this: &#8216;Ha, ha,
+ha! Lo! I have killed a lion.&#8217; While
+he was in the pool, spurting the water
+in a shower over his back, he suddenly
+looked up, and at the water&#8217;s edge beheld
+a grown lion and lioness regarding
+him sternly.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Well, what do you want?&#8217; he
+asked. &#8216;Why are you standing there
+looking at me?&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Are you the rogue who killed our
+child?&#8217; they asked.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Perhaps I am,&#8217; he answered.
+&#8216;Why do you want to know?&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Because we are in search of him.
+If it be you that did it, you will have
+to do the same to us before you leave
+this ground.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Ho! ho!&#8217; laughed the elephant
+loudly. &#8216;Well, hark! It was I who
+killed your cub. Come now, it was I.
+Do you hear? And if you do not leave
+here mighty quick, I shall have to
+serve you both as I served him.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;The lions roared aloud in their
+fury, and switched their tails violently.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Ho, ho!&#8217; laughed the elephant
+gayly. &#8216;This is grand! There is no
+doubt I shall run soon, they make me
+so skeery;&#8217; and he danced round the
+pool, and jeered at them, then drank
+a great quantity of water and blew it
+in a shower over them.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The lions stirred not, but kept
+steadfastly gazing at him, planning
+how best to attack him.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Perceiving that they were obstinate,
+he threw another stream of
+water over the lions and then backed
+into the deepest part of the pool, until
+there was nothing seen of him but the
+tip of his trunk. When he arose again
+the lions were still watching him and
+had not moved.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Ho, ho!&#8217; he trumpeted, &#8216;still
+there? Wait a little, I am coming
+to you.&#8217; He advanced towards the
+shore, but, when he was close enough,
+the lion sire sprang into the air, and
+alighted on the elephant&#8217;s back, and
+furiously tore at the muscles of the
+neck, and bit deep into the shoulder.
+The elephant retreated into the deepest
+part of the pool again, and submerged
+himself and his enemy, until
+the lion was compelled to abandon his
+back and begin to swim ashore. No
+sooner had he felt himself relieved
+than the elephant rose to the surface,
+and hastily followed and seized the
+lion with his trunk. Despite the lion&#8217;s
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_353' name='page_353'></a>353</span>
+struggles, he was pressed beneath the
+surface, dragged under the elephant&#8217;s
+knees, and trodden into the mud, and
+in a short time the lion sire was
+dead.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The elephant laughed triumphantly,
+and cried, &#8216;Ho, ho! am I not
+strong, Ma Lion? Did you ever see
+the like of me before? Two of you,
+Young Lion and Pa Lion, are now
+killed. Ma Lion, you had better try
+now, just to see if you won&#8217;t have
+better luck. Come on, old woman,
+just once.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;The lioness fiercely answered,
+while she retreated from the pool,
+&#8216;Hold on where you are. I am going
+to find my brother, and will be back
+shortly.&#8217;</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_63' id='linki_63'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus373.jpg' alt='' title='' width='597' height='339' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>&#8220;The elephant trumpeted his scorn
+of her kind, and seizing the carcass of
+her lord, flung it on shore after her,
+and declared his readiness to abide
+where he was, that he might make
+mash of all the lion family.</p>
+<p>&#8220;In a short time the lioness had
+found her brother, who was a mighty
+fellow, and full of fight. As they advanced
+near the pool together, they
+consulted as to the best means of getting
+at him. Then the lioness sprang
+forward to the edge of the pool. The
+elephant retreated a short distance.
+The lioness upon this crept along the
+pool, and pretended to lap the water.
+The elephant moved towards her. The
+lion waited his chance, and finally, with
+a great roar, sprang upon his shoulders
+and commenced tearing away at the
+very place which had been wounded by
+lion sire.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The elephant backed quickly into
+deep water, and submerged himself,
+but the lion maintained his hold and
+bit deeper. The elephant then sank
+down until there was nothing to be
+seen but the tip of his trunk, upon
+which the lion, to avoid suffocation,
+relaxed his hold, and swam vigorously
+toward shore. The elephant rose up,
+and as the lion was stepping on shore,
+seized him, and drove one of his tusks
+through his body; but, as he was in the
+act, the lioness sprang upon the elephant&#8217;s
+neck, and bit and tore so furiously
+that he fell dead, and with his
+fall crushed the dying lion.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Soon after the close of the terrible
+combat, elephant No. 2 came up, and
+discovered the lioness licking her chops
+and paws, and said:</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Hello, it seems there has been
+quite a quarrel here lately. Three
+lions are dead, and here lies one of my
+own kind, stiffening.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Yes,&#8217; replied the lioness gloomily,
+&#8216;the rogue elephant killed my cub
+while the little fellow was asleep in
+the woods. He then killed my husband
+and brother, and I killed him; but I
+do not think the elephant has gained
+much by fighting with us. I did not
+have much trouble in killing him.
+Should you meet any friends of his,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_354' name='page_354'></a>354</span>
+you may warn them to leave the lioness
+alone, or she may be tempted to
+make short work of them.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;Elephant No. 2, though a patient
+person generally, was annoyed at this,
+and gave a sudden kick with one of his
+hind feet which sent her sprawling a
+good distance off; and asked:</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;How do you like that, Ma Lion?&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;What do you mean by that?&#8217; demanded
+the enraged lioness.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Oh, because I hate to hear so
+much bragging.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Do you also wish to fight?&#8217; she
+asked.</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;We should never talk about doing
+an impossible thing, Ma Lion,&#8217; he answered.
+&#8216;I have travelled many years
+through these woods, and I have never
+fought yet. I find that when a person
+minds his own business he seldom
+comes to trouble, and when I meet one
+who is even stronger than myself, I
+greet him pleasantly, and pass on, and
+I should advise you to do the same,
+Ma Lion.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;You are saucy, elephant. It
+would be well for you to think upon
+your stupid brother there, who lies
+so stark under your nose, before you
+trouble one who slew him, with your
+insolence.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Well, words never yet made a
+plantation; it is the handling of a hoe
+that makes fields. See here, Ma Lion,
+if I talked to you all day I could not
+make you wise. I will just turn my
+back to you. If you will bite me
+you will soon learn how weak you
+are.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;The lioness, angered still more by
+the elephant&#8217;s contempt, sprang at his
+shoulders, and clung to him; upon
+which he rushed at a stout tree, and,
+pressing his shoulders against it,
+crushed the breath out of her body,
+and she ceased her struggles. When
+he relaxed his pressure, the body fell
+to the ground, and he knelt upon it,
+and kneaded it until every bone was
+broken.</p>
+<p>&#8220;While the elephant was meditatively
+standing over the body, and
+thinking what misfortunes happen to
+boasters, a man came along, carrying
+a spear; and seeing that the elephant
+was unaware of his presence, he
+thought what great luck had happened
+to him.</p>
+<p>&#8220;Said he, &#8216;Ah, what fine tusks he
+has! I shall be rich with them, and
+shall buy slaves and cattle, and with
+these I will get a wife and a farm,&#8217;
+saying which he advanced silently,
+and when he was near enough, darted
+his spear into a place behind the shoulder.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The elephant turned around
+quickly, and, on beholding his enemy,
+rushed after him, and, overtaking him,
+mauled him until in a few moments he
+was a mangled corpse.</p>
+<p>&#8220;At this time a woman approached,
+and seeing four lions and one elephant
+and her husband dead, she raised up
+her hands wonderingly, and cried,
+&#8216;How did all this happen?&#8217; The elephant,
+hearing her voice, came from
+behind a tree, with a spear quivering
+in his side, and bleeding profusely.
+At the sight of him the woman turned
+round to fly, but the elephant cried
+out to her, &#8216;Nay, run not, woman, for
+I can do you no harm. The happy days
+in the woods are ended for all the
+tribes. The memory of this scene will
+never be forgotten. Animals will be
+at constant war one with another.
+Lions will no more greet elephants,
+the buffaloes will be shy, the rhinoceroses
+will live apart, and man,
+when he comes within the shadows,
+will think of nothing else than his terrors,
+and he will fancy an enemy in
+every shadow. I am sorely wounded,
+for thy man stole up to my side and
+drove his spear into me, and soon I
+shall die.&#8217;</p>
+<p>&#8220;When she had heard these words
+the woman hastened home, and all the
+villagers, old and young, hurried into
+the woods, by the pool, where they
+found four lions, two elephants, and
+one of their own tribe lying still and
+lifeless.</p>
+<p>&#8220;The words of the elephant have
+turned out to be true, for no man goes
+nowadays into the silent and deserted
+woods but he feels as though something
+was haunting them, and thinks
+of goblinry, and starts at every sound.
+Out of the shadows, which shift with
+the sun, forms seem crawling and
+phantoms appear to glide, and we are
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_355' name='page_355'></a>355</span>
+in a fever almost from the horrible
+illusions of fancy. We breathe quickly
+and fear to speak, for the smallest
+vibration in the silence would jar on
+our nerves. I speak the truth, for when
+I am in the woods near the night, there
+swim before my eyes a multitude of
+terrible things which I never see by the
+light of day. The flash of a firefly is
+a ghost, the chant of a frog becomes a
+frightful roar, the sudden piping of a
+bird signalizes murder, and I run. No,
+no, no woods for me when alone.&#8221;</p>
+<p>And Chakanja rose to his feet and
+went to his own quarters, solemnly
+shaking his head. But we all smiled
+at Chakanja, and thought how terribly
+frightened he would be if any one suddenly
+rose from behind a dark bush
+and cried &#8220;Boo!&#8221; to him.</p>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<a name='SONG_BY_THOMAS_CAREW__15891639' id='SONG_BY_THOMAS_CAREW__15891639'></a>
+<h2>SONG.
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Thomas Carew.</span><br /><span class='smaller'>(1589-1639.)</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<div class='poem'><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Ask me no more where Jove bestows,</p>
+<p>When June is past, the fading rose,</p>
+<p>For in your beauty&#8217;s orient deep</p>
+<p>These flowers, as in their causes, sleep.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Ask me no more whither do stray</p>
+<p>The golden atoms of the day,</p>
+<p>For, in pure love, heaven did prepare</p>
+<p>Those powders to enrich your hair.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Ask me no more where those stars light</p>
+<p>That downwards fall in dead of night,</p>
+<p>For in your eyes they sit, and there</p>
+<p>Fixed become as in their sphere.</p>
+</div><div class='stanza'>
+<p>Ask me no more whither doth haste</p>
+<p>The nightingale when May is past,</p>
+<p>For in your sweet dividing throat</p>
+<p>She winters, and keeps warm her note.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_356' name='page_356'></a>356</span>
+<a name='AT_THE_THROTTLE_THE_LIFE_AND_EXPERIENCES_OF_AN_ENG' id='AT_THE_THROTTLE_THE_LIFE_AND_EXPERIENCES_OF_AN_ENG'></a>
+<h2>AT THE THROTTLE.<br /><span class='smcaplc'>THE LIFE AND EXPERIENCES OF AN ENGINEER OF A LIMITED EXPRESS.</span>
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By Cleveland Moffett.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<blockquote>
+<p>&#8220;<i>See the huge creature with muscles of steel, his heart a furnace of glowing coal,
+and the strength of a thousand horses nerving his sinews. See him strut forth from
+his stable, and, saluting the train of cars with a dozen sonorous puffs from his iron
+nostrils, stand panting to be gone. He would drag the pyramids across the Desert of
+Sahara if they could be hitched on.</i>&#8221;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<div class='figleft' style='width:275px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_64' id='linki_64'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus377.jpg' alt='' title='' width='275' height='500' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>The&nbsp;average New
+Yorker who
+rides to Chicago
+in twenty
+hours on
+the World&#8217;s
+Fair flyer
+does an easy
+day&#8217;s work,
+in fact, does
+no work at
+all. He rests
+comfortably
+at night, enjoys
+well-served
+meals, and
+reaches his destination
+almost
+before he
+knows it. Having
+paid the
+price, such is
+the arrogance of money,
+he takes all that is done
+for him quite as a matter
+of course, and knows
+no more of the workings
+of this wonderful train than a school-boy,
+while he cares rather less. An engine
+pulls the cars, steam works the
+engine, and as for the engineer, the
+New Yorker never thinks of him except
+to growl at him when the train is
+late, and to advocate hanging him if
+there is an accident.</p>
+<p>Meantime, what is the engineer of
+this fastest train in the world doing for
+the passenger? In the first place, the
+Chicago flyer is not driven by one but
+by many engineers. In order to cover
+the nine hundred and sixty-four miles
+between the two cities in twenty hours,
+including nine stops, there are required
+seven huge engines in relays, driven by
+seven grimy heroes. A run of less than
+one hundred and fifty miles is the limit
+per day for each engine, while three
+hours of the plunging rush wears out
+the strongest engineer. Sixty, seventy,
+eighty miles an hour&mdash;what does that
+mean to the man at the throttle? It
+means that the six and a half feet drivers
+turn five times every second and
+advance one hundred feet. Tic-tic-tic,
+and the train has run the length of
+New York&#8217;s highest steeple. The engineer
+turns his head for five seconds
+to look at the gauges, and in that time
+the terrible iron creature, putting forth
+the strength of a thousand horses, may
+have shot past a red signal with its
+danger warning five hundred feet away.
+Ten seconds, and one thousand feet
+are left behind&mdash;one-fifth of a mile.
+Who knows what horrors may lie
+within that thousand feet! There may
+be death lurking round a curve, death
+spreading its arms in a tunnel, and the
+engineer must see and be responsible
+for everything. Not only must he note
+instantly all that is before him, the
+signals, switches, bridges, the passing
+trains, and the condition of the rails,
+but he must act at the same moment,
+working throttle, air-brakes, or reversing-lever,
+not as quick as thought, but
+quicker, for there is no time to think.
+His muscles must do the right thing automatically
+under circumstances where
+a second is an age. In the three hours
+of his vigil there are ten thousand eight
+hundred seconds, during each one of
+which he must watch with the mental
+alertness of an athlete springing for
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_357' name='page_357'></a>357</span>
+a flying trapeze from the roof of an
+amphitheatre, with the courageous self-possession
+of a matador awaiting the
+deadly rush of a maddened bull; and
+far more depends upon the engineer&#8217;s
+watching well, because, if he fails by
+a hair&#8217;s breadth in coolness or precision
+of judgment, there may come destruction,
+not only to himself, but to
+hundreds of passengers, who, while he
+stands guard, are perhaps grumbling at
+the waiters in the dining-car or telling
+funny stories in the smoker.</p>
+<p>In addition to this constant mental
+tension the engineer on this hurling
+train has to endure material discomfort,
+often bodily suffering. The air
+sweeps back in his face with the breath
+of a hurricane, blowing smoke and cinders
+into his eyes. Most people know
+the intense pain a cinder causes in a
+man&#8217;s eye, particularly a hot cinder.
+The suffering is almost unbearable, and
+yet, suffering or no suffering, the engineer
+who gets a cinder in his eye can
+have no relief until the end of his relay.
+They shut their lips, these unflinching
+men, keep looking ahead, and bear it.
+Long after they leave the cab, the
+burning sensation in their eyes and eyelids
+continues, and even persists after
+hours of sleep. &#8220;It seems as if nothing
+would rest my eyes, sir,&#8221; said one
+of the new men after his first week on
+the flyer. No wonder the eyesight of
+engineers fails rapidly, no wonder many
+of them are removed from their positions
+every year because the examining
+doctors find them unable to distinguish
+the signals. The engineer suffers
+also from the plunging and tossing of
+the monster locomotive, which bruises
+his whole body with its violent rocking,
+and causes sharp pains in the back,
+particularly where there is any tendency
+to kidney trouble. One has only to
+watch these strong men as they stumble
+down from their engines at the end
+of a relay, has only to observe their
+white faces and unsteady gait, and see
+the condition of physical collapse which
+follows, to understand what it costs in
+vitality and grit to give the ease-loving
+public this incomparable train service.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_65' id='linki_65'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus290.png' alt='' title='' width='521' height='700' />
+<br />
+<p class='caption'>
+&#8220;THE FLYER&#8221; LEAVING THE GRAND CENTRAL STATION, NEW YORK CITY.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+<p>Thus it is that while the New Yorker
+gets to Chicago with scarcely more
+discomfort than if he had remained at
+home, the same journey wears out seven
+engineers, all picked men; for many of
+them who have seen years of service
+on trains running forty miles an hour,
+break down entirely when put upon the
+flyer. So exhausted are these seven
+engineers by their comparatively short
+relays that they are obliged to lay off
+entirely during the following day to
+recover from the shock. They do not
+even take the opposite-bound flyer
+back over their stretch, but return
+with their engines to their respective
+starting-points, drawing slower trains.
+Thus, seven strong men do two days&#8217;
+work every time the flyer runs from
+New York to Chicago, and seven other
+men do two days&#8217; work every time it
+runs back. Each engineer works three
+hours on the flyer, returns home on an
+easy train, and then rests forty hours
+before his muscles and nerves and
+brain are in condition to repeat the
+operation.</p>
+<p>So it results that twenty-eight engineers,
+one at a time, are required to
+run this wonderful train from New
+York to Chicago and back again.
+Fourteen veterans drive the great engines
+one way, and fourteen brother
+veterans drive them the other. Twenty-eight
+men for a single complete trip of
+a single train, and they the flower of
+American engineers, splendid fellows
+every one of them, with cool heads,
+stanch hearts, and the experience of
+years at the throttle. The fact is,
+these men of iron, who, after all, are
+made of flesh and blood, have been
+called upon of late years to bear a
+mental and physical strain which has
+increased steadily as the speed rates
+have advanced. Forty, fifty, sixty,
+seventy, and now eighty miles an hour,
+each greater velocity has meant greater
+pressure, not only on the boilers and
+cylinders, but on men&#8217;s brains; has
+meant greater expenditure, not only of
+coal and dollars, but of nerve force,
+until now experts recognize with concern
+that the limit of human endurance
+has been almost reached. Science
+may remove the mechanical difficulties
+in the way of running a hundred miles
+an hour, or more, for such a rate has
+already been predicted; money may
+buy better axles, wheels, lubricators,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_358' name='page_358'></a>358</span>
+and machinery, but where are the men
+who will run these trains of the future
+when they are built? Can science
+breed us a race of giants? Can money
+purchase an immunity against suffering
+or eyes that are indestructible? If
+twenty-eight engineers are required to-day
+on the Chicago flyer, how many,
+pray, will be necessary on a train running
+fifty or one hundred per cent.
+faster?</p>
+<p>I gained a vivid impression of what
+it means to drive one of these monster
+engines, by actually travelling from
+New York to Albany, a few days ago, in
+the cab of Engine 870, which takes the
+Empire State express over the first
+stretch of its journey&mdash;one hundred and
+forty-two miles&mdash;at a rate rather faster
+than that of the Chicago flyer. At the
+throttle was Archie Buchanan, a silent
+man with gray eyes and earnest face,
+who comes of a family of engineers,
+and is one of the most trusted of the
+New York Central employees. Buchanan&#8217;s
+brother John, a skilled engineer
+in his time, was cut in two some
+years ago in an accident near East
+Albany. His brother James is a master
+mechanic at the shops at West Albany,
+and his brother William, after serving
+for years as a New York Central engineer,
+was made Superintendent of
+Rolling Stock, a position he still
+holds.</p>
+<p>Buchanan smiled quietly as I climbed
+upon the fireman&#8217;s seat at the left. It
+was a perfect July morning, and at 8.39
+the shrill whistle sounded, worked by
+the conductor&#8217;s bell-rope, and we were
+off, nine minutes behind time on account
+of some trouble with the air-brakes.</p>
+<p>&#8220;We must make up the delay, Al,&#8221;
+said the engineer to his fireman, as the
+wheels began to turn. Those were the
+only words he spoke until we reached
+Albany, and, had he spoken, neither Al
+nor I could have heard him for the
+roar.</p>
+<p>Now the slow, heavy pant of the
+engine quickens, and we shoot under
+bridges and streets, passing out of New
+York. For a few minutes Buchanan,
+working the reversing-lever, lets the
+pistons go the full length of the cylinders,
+but he gradually cuts down their
+stroke to eight inches, making the
+steam expansion do the rest. This
+lessens the noise from the exhaust, but
+the noise from the pounding of the
+mountain of iron on the rails increases
+in geometrical ratio. A shower of
+cinders blows in with black smoke, and
+a hot one settles in my neck. The
+smoke tastes of oil, the cinder burns&mdash;this
+is but a foretaste of things to
+come. I turn my head to avoid suffocation
+and get a scorching blast from
+the fire-box, whose door is swung wide
+open. The fireman&#8217;s orders are to
+make up the lost time, and he proposes
+to do it. In goes coal at the rate of
+two shovelfuls a minute for the first
+half-hour. Before we reach Albany
+he has shovelled in more than three
+tons, and had the day been windy it
+would have taken more. In the intervals
+he rakes and prods the white-hot
+crater and rings the bell as we shoot
+past towns and cities. Buchanan tends
+to the whistle and air-brakes. The
+noise is dreadful, as if a thousand
+devils were dancing in one&#8217;s head.
+The motion is so violent from side to
+side that we all have to hold on tightly.
+A little more and one would be seasick.</p>
+<p>As the hundred-ton engine pounds
+along with horrible din, a strange sense
+of exhilaration succeeds that of physical
+discomfort. One becomes indifferent
+to everything, and, courting now the
+smoke-laden hurricane, thrusts one&#8217;s
+head from the window into the sweeping
+air-billows, which dash against the
+face like breakers and with the same
+strangling force. I was seized with a
+wild desire to go faster; seventy miles
+an hour was not enough, and I would
+fain have opened everything to its full
+capacity, stop-cocks, levers, throttle,
+and all, and taken part in a furious,
+splendid runaway. Strange thoughts
+chased through my mind; the houses
+of flying towns seemed to be rushing
+at each other in battle from either side,
+a long line of loose ties between the
+tracks suggested an endless procession
+of turtles, the trees seemed to be dancing
+down the hills, and the people who
+stared up at us while stepping away
+from the dangerous suction seemed to
+be creatures of another race. I have
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_359' name='page_359'></a>359</span>
+learned since that engineers often have
+that feeling of belonging to some other
+world, and it comes upon them particularly
+at night. A man of highly strung
+organization could easily go mad riding
+on an engine running seventy miles an
+hour.</p>
+<div class='figright' style='width:463px'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_66' id='linki_66'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus382.jpg' alt='' title='' width='463' height='700' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>These&nbsp;curious illusions of the senses
+were presently succeeded
+by a period of
+intense and perfectly
+normal curiosity. I
+counted the number
+of strokes made by
+the piston in a minute,
+and found there were
+about three hundred.
+I counted the number
+of puffs from the
+smoke-stack, and decided
+correctly that
+there were four times
+as many of these as
+there were piston-strokes,
+that is, about
+twenty to the second.
+Then I counted the
+oil-cans, the gauges,
+and made mental photographs
+of the inside
+of the cab.</p>
+<p>From start to finish
+we made no stop and
+only slackened our
+speed twice to &#8220;pick
+up water,&#8221; this important
+operation being
+accomplished with
+a great splashing by
+a scoop under the
+tender, which drops
+into a trough running
+lengthwise of the track
+for about twelve hundred
+feet, and always
+kept full to the brim.
+The scoop is controlled
+by a lever in the tender, which
+the fireman directs. In the winter,
+steam-pipes through the troughs keep
+the water from freezing. During the
+whole distance Buchanan scarcely
+changed his position, and never turned
+his head. For two hours and thirty-six
+minutes he stood at the right of the
+boiler, an immovable figure in gray
+overalls and black skullcap, his left
+hand on the throttle, while his right
+clutched the window to steady him. I
+never once saw his eyes, which were
+fixed on the track ahead as if held there
+by a magnet. No matter how the
+smoke and cinders poured in through
+the open windows in front, no matter
+the bridges and tunnels nor the mad
+rush of air, his eyes stayed forward
+always, sweeping the line before us
+anxiously, constantly on the alert for
+signals, for switches, for obstructions,
+for the long tunnel, for the train side-tracked
+near Poughkeepsie, for the
+water troughs, for a score of things,
+the missing any one of which might
+mean disaster. And, as he watched,
+silent and motionless, there was one
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_360' name='page_360'></a>360</span>
+thought in his mind and only one,
+whether we would make up the lost
+nine minutes and get into Albany on
+time. Al&#8217;s thoughts were the same,
+and, like one of Dante&#8217;s demons, he
+worked at the coal and the fire and the
+water, now oiling the drivers, now looking
+at the gauges, ever busy and ever
+growing blacker and oilier in hands
+and face.</p>
+<p>Very proud we were as we ran into
+Albany at 11.15 <span class='smcaplc'>A.M.</span> on time to the
+minute, having made the run of one
+hundred and forty-two miles in
+one hundred and fifty-six minutes, an
+average of 53.8 miles an hour. This
+exceeds the average of the Chicago
+flyer, which is 48.2 miles an hour, although
+for a much greater distance.
+Several times our speed had reached
+seventy miles an hour, and with better
+coal and other conditions equally favorable,
+Buchanan has driven 870 up to
+the eighty-mile point. With the sound
+devils still dancing in my head, I
+watched the engineer as he rubbed
+down his iron horse after the hard run.
+He was tired himself, and his face was
+white, but he went over the rods and
+cylinders as tenderly and carefully as
+if he was refreshing the muscles and
+sinews of a living creature.</p>
+<p>&#8220;She&#8217;s a beauty, isn&#8217;t she?&#8221; he said,
+in a tone which bore witness to the
+love felt by the man for the machine.
+&#8220;You see, she has always been true to
+me, 870 has, and I&#8217;ve run her ever since
+she was built. She&#8217;s never cranky or
+sick, and she makes her three hundred
+miles a day three hundred and sixty-five
+times a year, and does her duty
+every time. That&#8217;s more than you can
+say of many men, or women either,
+isn&#8217;t it?&#8221;</p>
+<p>It seems that there are about fifty
+engines in constant use on the New
+York Central with the power and dimensions
+of 870, and only the peerless
+999, with her heavier build and smoke-consuming
+device, can boast any points
+of superiority. The life of an engine
+like 870 is about twenty years, during
+which time she makes several visits to
+the hospital for new cylinders, new
+flues, and a new fire-box. Aside from
+that, the engine needs about an hour&#8217;s
+care morning and night, and a washout
+and blowout of her boilers at the
+end of alternate weeks. Only at these
+periods is the engine&#8217;s fire allowed to
+go out.</p>
+<p>I asked Buchanan what were the
+principal qualifications for a first-class
+engineer, and what was the training
+necessary to become one. &#8220;To begin
+with,&#8221; he said, &#8220;a man must be a first-class
+fireman, which is no easy matter.
+He must know just how much coal to
+put on the fire and when to put it on,
+so as to keep the steam at full pressure
+without burning too much fuel. The
+great secret of good firing is to put
+coal on often and a little at a time.
+You noticed Al did that on our run
+up. When a fireman has shown himself
+worthy of it, he is given a chance
+to drive an engine for switching work
+or on a freight train. The first years
+of his life as an engineer are very
+hard, for he has to run at all sorts of
+hours, day and night, winter and summer,
+and on the meanest kinds of trains.
+If this does not kill him he finally becomes
+engineer on an express and has
+a better time of it, but a good many of
+the boys prefer to remain firemen all
+their lives rather than stand such hardships.
+My man Al has tried driving
+an engine twice, and come back to me
+both times. You can be pretty sure
+that a man who gets to be an engineer
+on one of the fine trains to-day has
+earned his position. He must know
+his engine like a book, backwards and
+forwards, must know how to manage
+her when she is sick and well, and what
+to do if an eccentric breaks or a piston
+gets leaking or a valve-spindle is
+bent. He must know how to work the
+injector so as to keep water enough in
+the boiler without wasting any by the
+steam blowing off. He must be able
+to save power by working the steam
+expansively and yet keeping up his
+speed; he must know every inch of
+the road, the grades, bridges, switches,
+curves, and tunnels, and all the trains
+he has to pass or which may pass him.
+He must be able to control his train
+and engine at full speed, must understand
+the effect of the weather on the
+rails, must know how to use the air-brakes
+and the reversing-lever, and
+when not to use them.&#8221;</p>
+<div><span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_361' name='page_361'></a>361</span></div>
+<p>I listened and marvelled.</p>
+<p>&#8220;What would you do in a collision?&#8221;
+I asked.</p>
+<p>The engineer pushed back the little
+black skullcap from his iron-gray hair
+and said, in the low tone which is usual
+with him:</p>
+<p>&#8220;It is pretty hard to say what a man
+should do when he hears the whistle of
+danger ahead or sees that a crash is
+coming. Even the best of us are liable
+to get confused at such a moment.
+What would you do if you woke up in
+the night and found a burglar holding
+a pistol at your head? There are no
+rules for such cases. What I would
+not do, though, is to reverse my
+engine, although many engineers are
+liable to lose their heads at a critical
+moment and make that mistake. It is
+a curious thing that reversing your
+engine suddenly when going at high
+speed makes the train go faster instead
+of slower. The reason is that the
+drivers slip and the locomotive shoots
+ahead as if she were on skates. The
+only thing to do is to put on the air-brakes
+and pray hard.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The man&#8217;s words, all the more impressive
+for their rugged simplicity,
+brought to my mind again the thought
+of danger, for in spite of the wonderful
+system by which these flying trains
+are run, in spite of the elaborate precautions
+taken and the many eyes forever
+watching to see that they are carried
+out, it is impossible to go through
+such an experience as mine without
+realizing that there is danger in these
+desperate dashes. Suppose something
+goes wrong on the track ahead while
+the train is making sixty or seventy
+miles an hour. Suppose, as the whirling
+caravan rounds a curve or plunges
+through a tunnel, another whirling caravan
+is seen blocking the path. Then
+what? Would there be time to stop?
+Could the engineer, with all his skill
+and bravery, prevent disaster? With
+the old trains running forty miles an
+hour, seven hundred and sixty feet of
+track was necessary to bring the locomotive
+and six cars to a dead stop
+from full speed. No one has ever
+made the experiment with the Chicago
+flyer or the Empire State express, but
+unquestionably it would take at least
+a thousand feet of track to stop either
+of them, and many things can happen
+in a thousand feet. There are never
+more than a thousand feet, and very
+often only a few hundred, between the
+three sets of signals, with their red,
+green, and yellow bars, which are shown
+at each station of the block system all
+along the route. As there are a hundred
+of these stations between New
+York and Albany, that gives three hundred
+sets of signals to be instantly
+recognized and obeyed on this relay
+alone, and a man had better die than
+make a mistake. Now there are two
+difficulties with these signals; in the
+first place, some of them are so close
+together that no human power could
+stop the train in the space between
+them; and in the second place, going at
+such a speed, it is almost impossible to
+distinguish the green signals against
+the background of foliage. Already
+it has been found necessary to substitute
+yellow signals for green ones in a
+number of cases.</p>
+<p>While we were talking, a trainman
+drew a dead chicken from between two
+bars of the cowcatcher, where its head
+was wedged. It had been struck so
+suddenly that the feathers were scarcely
+rumpled, and the lucky finder evidently
+proposed to have broiled poulet
+for dinner. I had noticed the poor
+fowl on the way up, scurrying along in
+front of the engine, and pitied its stupidity
+in refusing to leave the track, as
+it might perfectly well have done.
+Buchanan told me that they often catch
+chickens in this way, and find them
+excellent eating. Then he went on to
+describe the sensations of running over
+animals and men.</p>
+<p>&#8220;It always seems to me, sir, that
+the engine hates to kill a man as
+much as we do. Of course, it&#8217;s only
+a fancy, but once, up at Germantown,
+when the sheet-iron flange around the
+tender cut off a man&#8217;s head clean as a
+razor, the fireman and I both felt the
+engine tremble in a queer way. Another
+time there was a man on the track who
+had just come out of a hospital, and, instead
+of killing him, old 870 just caught
+him gently on her cowcatcher and
+threw him off the track without doing
+him any injury except a broken arm.
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_362' name='page_362'></a>362</span>
+It&#8217;s curious about animals. The ones
+we dread most are hogs. A fat hog
+will throw a train off the track quicker
+than a horse or a cow. When we see a
+cow or horse ahead we put on full speed
+and try to hurl them clear of the track.
+If we strike them going slow we are
+apt to get the worst of it.&#8221;</p>
+<p>There is a sympathy which draws
+together two men who have ridden side
+by side on an engine running seventy
+miles an hour, and I was glad to accept
+Engineer Buchanan&#8217;s invitation to
+pay him a visit at his place up the Hudson.
+No contrast could be greater or
+more charming than that between the
+engineer at his post of danger and endurance,
+and the father and husband,
+in his pretty vine-covered home by the
+river. Mr. Buchanan in private life is a
+prosperous resident of Morris Heights,
+where he owns valuable property, and
+enjoys alternate days among the
+flowers, fruits, and vegetables of his
+garden. This garden is the pride of
+his life, and, next to bringing a train in
+on time, I believe he takes more pride
+in his roses, grapes, peas, and onions
+than in anything in the world. We sat
+for a long time on the engineer&#8217;s favorite
+bench, under a cool grape arbor,
+with the river running lazily at our
+feet. Buchanan, looking like a different
+man in citizen&#8217;s dress, talked unpretentiously
+of his life. There was
+no posing as a hero, no complaining
+about hardships, just a simple, straight-forward
+story of twenty-six years passed
+almost entirely on an engine&mdash;twenty-six
+years of constant danger. Surely
+that ought to have some curious influence
+on the human mind and character.
+In Buchanan&#8217;s case this influence certainly
+has been for good, for he told me
+how, as a young man, he had come out
+of the war with shiftless, lazy habits,
+fond of wasting his time and money in
+Eighth Avenue saloons, and then how
+he had become steady and saving, when
+he began to run regularly on an engine.</p>
+<p>&#8220;When I used to be away on long
+stretches,&#8221; he said, &#8220;with nothing to
+do but think, I saw how foolish it was
+giving my money to a saloon keeper
+for him to put in the bank instead of
+putting it there myself. It used to come
+to me at night, as the engine ran along
+through the shadows, that the friends I
+had down in the city were not good
+for much, and that, if I lost my job or
+was hurt in an accident, they would
+be the first to turn their backs on me.
+At last I decided to get away from all
+my bad associations and from New York
+too; so I scraped together what money
+I could and bought this land, where I
+have lived ever since with my wife and
+children. That was the best day&#8217;s work
+I ever did. It was a hard-looking
+place when I bought it, nothing but
+rocks and weeds, but I was proud of it,
+and put in all my spare time fixing it
+up until I have made it what it is to-day.&#8221;</p>
+<p>As he spoke the engineer&#8217;s eyes wandered
+complacently over the gardens,
+the trim gravel walks, and the pretty
+house&mdash;everything as neat and spic-span
+as the kitchen of a Dutch house-wife.</p>
+<p>When not busy with his garden Buchanan&#8217;s
+favorite occupation is reading
+histories of the war and reminiscences
+of its great generals. He will
+sit in his rocking-chair on the shady
+piazza for hours, reading of Lincoln
+and McClellan and the stirring scenes
+in which he himself took part&mdash;the battles
+of Second Bull Run, Seven Days,
+Big Bethel, and Bristol Station. He
+has fought these battles over again
+hundreds of times in his fancy, and
+many a lonely hour on the track has
+been brightened by the memories of
+what he saw and did in the great struggle.
+His admiration for General McClellan
+knows no bound, and he entered
+into quite an argument to show that
+&#8220;McClellan did all the work, sir, and the
+other fellows got all the glory.&#8221; The
+only vacation Buchanan has taken
+in a quarter of a century was a few
+years ago, when he went South for a
+month to see the old battlefields once
+more; but they were all changed, and
+he came back saddened. &#8220;I shall
+never lay off again,&#8221; he said, &#8220;until I
+lay off for good.&#8221;</p>
+<p>Archie Buchanan is but a fair type
+of the loyal fellows who drive the
+flying engines of to-day. Many of
+them are as thrifty as he is; he told
+me of one veteran in the company&#8217;s
+employ, Thomas Dormatty, who has
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_363' name='page_363'></a>363</span>
+property in Schenectady valued at
+one hundred thousand dollars, and who,
+in spite of his seventy years, does his
+regular run between Albany and Syracuse.
+It is easy to see what that means
+of saving and prudent investment,
+when one remembers that the best engineers
+receive only from one hundred
+and forty to one hundred and sixty
+dollars per month. And when they
+have finished their terms of usefulness,
+and are unable to run any
+longer, that same day their pay stops,
+as it stops when they are ill; for railway
+companies are not philanthropists
+and have no pension system.</p>
+<p>I was glad to learn that there is no
+truth in the popular notion that engineers
+are full of superstition. Buchanan
+told me he had never experienced
+any such feeling, and had never
+known a superstitious engineer, with
+the exception of Nat Sawyer, the
+veteran who is now at Chicago with
+Engine 999. It is Nat who runs &#8220;the
+bosses&#8217; engine&#8221;&mdash;that is, the luxurious
+observation car which takes the directors
+and officials of the road on their
+tours of inspection. In spite of his
+well-proven courage, Engineer Sawyer
+always hesitates to go out on his engine
+if he meets a cross-eyed person in the
+morning on his way to the roundhouse.
+That, however, is only the exception
+which proves the rule.</p>
+<p>As he was showing me about his
+house, which is furnished with taste and
+comfort, Buchanan stopped before two
+large portraits of his father and mother.
+Both of them are alive. His father is
+eighty-seven, his mother four years
+younger. Speaking of his parents, the
+engineer said reverently: &#8220;My father
+was a blacksmith and gave me a strong
+body, but my mother did more for me
+than that, because she has prayed for
+me every day of her life, and I have
+never had an accident on a train and
+never got so much as a scratch in the
+war.&#8221;</p>
+<p>When I spoke of religion Buchanan
+showed some reticence. &#8220;How can I
+get time to go to church,&#8221; he said,
+&#8220;when I run my engine every other
+day in the year, Sundays, holidays, and
+all? I guess my religion is hard work,
+and I don&#8217;t know but it&#8217;s as good as
+any other.&#8221;</p>
+<p>The religion of hard work! Is it
+possible for the man who drives one
+of our great modern trains to have
+any other religion than that? Fifteen
+days in the month, twelve months in
+the year, he runs his engine three
+hundred miles; and besides that, does
+extra work when a sick comrade must
+be replaced, or the occasion demands.
+The remaining days of the year he is
+resting for the strain and responsibility
+of the morrow. He worships in the
+same place that he does his duty, under
+the broad arch of heaven; his creed is
+to keep the train on time, his prayer
+that danger may be averted. And when
+his eyes fail or his health breaks down,
+he says good-by to the old engine
+which has been his comrade on many
+a thrilling ride, and spends the years
+that remain in some quiet, vine-covered
+home like the one I saw up the Hudson.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_67' id='linki_67'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus389.jpg' alt='' title='' width='604' height='275' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<div class='chsp'>
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_364' name='page_364'></a>364</span>
+<a name='AMONG_THE_GORILLAS_A_VOICE_FROM_THE_WILDERNESS__BY' id='AMONG_THE_GORILLAS_A_VOICE_FROM_THE_WILDERNESS__BY'></a>
+<h2>AMONG THE GORILLAS.<br /><span class='smcaplc'>A VOICE FROM THE WILDERNESS.</span>
+<span class='chsub'> <br /><br /><span class='smcap'>By R. L. Garner</span>,<br /><span class='smaller smcap'>Author of &#8220;The Speech of Monkeys,&#8221; etc.</span></span></h2>
+</div>
+<p>An article written from the wilds of
+Africa may be expected to contain
+long tales of bloody deeds and
+great perils, of narrow escapes from
+hungry lions, battles with hordes of
+gory cannibals, and dramatic rescue in
+the nick of time, followed by a swift
+revenge and a grand flourish of trumpets;
+but as I have never been so
+fortunate in my travels as to meet with
+the romantic events that are so common
+to many travellers, I must ask my
+readers to be content with some plain
+facts, set forth in simple prose; and as
+my mission to Africa is in search of
+the truth in certain lines, I feel excused
+from any attempt to paint, in the rosy
+hues of fancy, such thrilling scenes as
+some depict.</p>
+<p>I shall omit some details of travel
+which are full of interest, but as many
+of my detours have been over routes
+that have been travelled by others and
+described by some, in various tints of
+truth and fiction, I shall pass, with
+long strides, over the time since my
+arrival on the coast to the present.</p>
+<p>As the chief object of my visit to
+this wilderness is to study the habits
+of the gorilla and chimpanzee in a
+state of nature, I shall confine myself
+chiefly to them, and to such things as
+I find among the natives in common
+with them.</p>
+<p>After a long voyage of thirty-six
+days from England, I arrived in Gaboon,
+the capital of the French Congo,
+where I was kindly received by the
+governor and others, and assured of
+any aid that they could render me.
+They manifested great interest in my
+work and anxiety for its success.</p>
+<p>During my stay of some weeks there
+I acquired much information, of great
+value to me, about the distribution of
+various tribes, and also of the apes.
+In the meantime I paid a visit to the
+king of the M&#8217;pongwè people, in his
+country called Denni, lying on the
+south side of the Gaboon River. The
+name of the king is Adandè Repontjombo,
+which means <i>the son</i> of Repontjombo,
+who was king when Paul du
+Chaillu was in Africa.</p>
+<p>The dignity of king, in Africa, does
+not rank with such a title in Europe.
+Here his powers are but little superior
+to those of any other native. He
+works, hunts, loafs, begs and lies just
+as others do. I must make an exception
+of the King of Denni, who is, by
+far, the best of all the royal Africans
+I have met, much of which is due to a
+good education, and his contact with
+white men. King Adandè is an intelligent
+man, and well informed on many
+subjects. He reads, writes and speaks
+English and French in addition to his
+native tongue.</p>
+<p>A visit to the king, here, is not a
+matter of so much pomp and ceremony
+as such a visit to the sovereign of Great
+Britain, but to me it was novel and
+full of deep interest.</p>
+<p>Leaving Gaboon near the beginning
+of the year, I came to this section,
+known as Fernan Vaz, but by the
+natives called Eliüe
+N&#8217;Ka&#804;mi.
+The
+portion to which this name belongs
+extends from about one degree south
+latitude to about one degree forty-five
+minutes south along the coast, and
+thence, toward the interior, about three
+or four days&#8217; journey up the Rembo
+N&#8217;Ka&#804;mi,
+embracing the great lake and
+surrounding country; and this is the
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_365' name='page_365'></a>365</span>
+true habitat of the gorilla, which the
+natives called <i>n&#8217;jina</i> (n&#8217;geena).</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_68' id='linki_68'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus391.jpg' alt='' title='' width='618' height='585' />
+<br />
+</div>
+<p>After arranging here for a sojourn
+of a few months, I placed the most of
+my heavy effects in the custody of the
+Ste. Anne Mission, and began a journey
+up the Ogowe. I proceeded as
+far as N&#8217;djolè, which is about two
+hundred and twenty miles from the
+coast. Along the way I made many
+inquiries about the gorilla, but elicited
+little information of any value. At a
+village called Ouimbiana, near an outlet
+of a lake called Ezhanga, a native
+offered me quite a fine skull of a gorilla
+in exchange for rum or tobacco,
+but, not having either of these current
+articles of trade, I could not make the
+purchase. The animal had been killed
+near Lake Ezhanga, which lies on the
+south side of the Ogowe, and about
+four days from the coast. At Lambarenè,
+about one day higher up the
+river, I was presented with a fine skull
+from near that same lake. At N&#8217;djolè
+I was assured that five gorillas had
+been seen near there only a few weeks
+before my visit, and that two native
+Pangwès had been killed by them, on
+the south side of the river. But it is
+very rare that one is ever seen so far
+away from the coast. I did not hear
+of one on the north side of the river,
+and the natives all along told me that
+they were all on the south side.</p>
+<p>On my return I went into the Lake
+Ezhanga section, where I had heard
+they were abundant, but, on reaching
+the south side of the lake, I was told
+that they lived far away in the bush,
+and that ten boys and a canoe could
+take me in one day to the very spot
+where schools of them revel all the
+day and howl most of the night; but I
+didn&#8217;t go.</p>
+<p>I must digress for a moment to tell
+you what a superb lake the Ezhanga
+is, dotted with islands, among which
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_366' name='page_366'></a>366</span>
+are some perfect gems of wild and
+varied beauty. It is a sublime panorama.
+Down to the very edge of the
+water hang perfect walls of trailing
+vines and weeping trees, which look
+like the ivy-clad ruins of mediæval
+England. Towers of green, of every
+shade the most vivid fancy can depict;
+crumbling turrets and broken arches,
+hung with garlands of flowers. Here
+are some of the most brilliant flowers
+and gorgeous foliage I have yet seen
+in this tropical land. In one part of
+the lake is a vast archipelago, which
+forms a gigantic labyrinth of coves
+and grottos. At places the boughs
+from island to island almost meet
+overhead, forming a grand archway of
+varied green set with the jewels of the
+floral queen, and looking as though
+Dame Nature and her maids had decked
+it for their own triumphal arch. Within
+the deep and solemn shadows of these
+sylvan naves no sunbeams kiss the
+limpid waters, and not a voice disturbs
+their quiet, save the harsh scream of
+the eagle or the wail of the lone ibis.
+Now and then is seen some bird with
+plumage of most brilliant tint, which
+looks as if its costume were designed
+for such a place, and here and there
+the fish disport in some retired nook.</p>
+<p>When once this fairy land is passed,
+the waters broaden to an inland sea,
+with only a few islands of a larger
+size. Some of these are skirted with
+wide bands of grass, sometimes sweeping
+away between the trees in a long
+vista, on whose green expanse stands,
+perhaps, a solitary hut, and on which
+feed the herds of hippopotami which
+lead a life of idle luxury along these
+fertile shores and in the lonely waters
+of this sea of dreams.</p>
+<p>Coming on down the Ogowe, I spent
+four days in a native village of the
+Orungo tribe. The town is called
+M&#8217;biro, but I do not know what the
+name signifies unless it is <i>mud</i>. I was
+kindly treated by the people, who delighted
+in hearing of some of the wonders
+of my country. The old king was
+in ecstasies at my efforts to speak a
+few phrases of his language, and vowed
+that nothing except a former betrothal
+restrained him from offering me his
+daughter for a wife, to go with me to
+my country and see some of the things
+of which I had told him. At this
+place I was again assured that the
+gorilla lived on the south side of the
+river.</p>
+<p>My next point was Fernan Vaz,
+which I reached in two days&#8217; journey
+along the Jimbogombi, one of the
+most beautiful rivers one can imagine.
+It is bordered with myriads of stately
+palms, bamboos, and ferns, relieved by
+vines, orchids, and flowers. Here the
+monkey revels in the plenitude of wild
+fruits, and the pheasant finds a safe
+retreat from crafty woodsmen, while
+birds of diverse kinds invoke the spirit
+of nature with the voice of song.</p>
+<p>On reaching Ste. Anne I selected a
+site for my cage and erected it at once.
+It is located in the heart of the jungle,
+a trifle more than a mile from any
+human habitation, and I named it Fort
+Gorilla. It is in a spot where nothing
+but the denizens of the bush has any
+cause to come. It is near a grove of
+plantains, on which the gorilla feasts
+with the gusto of a charter member of
+the Gourmand Club. He does not care
+so much for the fruit, but takes out
+the tender heart of the young stalk,
+which is quite succulent, and eats it
+with an appetite peculiar to his race.</p>
+<p>Before my cage was quite in order
+to receive, I had my first call from a
+young gorilla, who came within about
+ten yards, as if to see what was going
+on. I had my rifle in my hand, but did
+not fire at him, as I desired to have him
+call again and bring his friends. He
+didn&#8217;t tarry long, but hurried off into
+the bush as though he had something
+to tell.</p>
+<p>The third day after my cage was
+complete, a family of ten gorillas
+crossed the rear of the open grounds
+belonging to the mission, and not more
+than two hundred yards from the
+house. A small native boy was within
+some twenty yards of them when they
+crossed the path in front of him.
+Within a few minutes I was notified
+of the fact, and took my rifle and followed
+them into the bush until I lost
+their trail. A few hours later they
+were seen again by some natives, not
+far away from my cage, but they did
+not call on me. The next day, however,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_367' name='page_367'></a>367</span>
+I had a visit from a group who
+came within some thirty yards of the
+cage. The bush was so dense that I
+could not see them, but I could easily
+distinguish four or five voices, which
+seemed to be engaged in a family broil
+of some kind. I suppose that they
+were the same family that had been
+seen the day before.</p>
+<p>Père Buleon, <i>le père supérieur</i> of Ste.
+Anne, tells me that he has twice seen
+a family of gorillas feeding in a plantain
+grove, and that, on both occasions,
+the father gorilla sat quietly eating the
+fruit which the others gathered and
+brought to him. I have learned from
+other reliable sources that gorillas are
+often seen in groups or families of
+twelve or fifteen, and always have one
+which seems to be chief among them,
+and this one the natives call <i>ekombo
+n&#8217;jina</i>, which means gorilla king.</p>
+<p>It is the current belief that these
+groups consist of one adult male, and
+a number of females and their young.
+The gorilla is evidently polygamous,
+but when he once adopts a wife she
+remains so for years, and a certain
+degree of marital fidelity is observed.
+The same practice prevails with the
+natives, with one exception in favor of
+the gorilla, and that is that I have
+never heard of one selling one of his
+wives, which the natives frequently do.</p>
+<p>As far as it can be said that the
+gorilla has any form of government, it
+is strictly patriarchal, and there are
+reasons to justify the belief that they
+have some fixed ideas of order and
+justice. Many of the natives declare
+that they have seen the gorillas holding
+a palaver, at which the king always
+presided, while the others stood
+or sat in a semicircle, talking in an
+excited manner. They do not claim
+to have interpreted what was said or
+understood the nature of the quarrel,
+but, as a rule, all natives believe that
+the gorilla has a language which is
+understood among themselves, and
+used in the same manner as man uses
+his speech.</p>
+<p>To my mind it is quite evident that
+the habit of the gorilla is to go in
+groups, although it is a very common
+thing to see one quite alone, or to see
+a single pair of them. I think, as a
+rule, when you see one alone it is a
+young male who has set out in the
+world for himself, and the pair is perhaps
+a bridal couple.</p>
+<p>The next visit I received was by a
+fine young chimpanzee, who came to
+an opening in the bush, where he
+stopped and took quite a look at the
+situation. He betrayed no sign of
+alarm, and seemed half-way tempted
+to come nearer, but after a halt of
+nearly a minute he resumed his march
+with an air of great leisure, nor did he
+deign to turn his head to see if I followed
+him.</p>
+<p>On the day after this a young gorilla
+came within six or seven yards of my
+cage and took a good peep at me. He
+stood for a few seconds, holding on to
+a bush with one hand; his lips were
+relaxed and his mouth half open, as if
+surprised and perplexed at what he
+beheld. His countenance did not portray
+either fear or anger, but utter
+amazement. I heard him creeping
+through the bush before I saw him, and
+I don&#8217;t think he was aware of my presence
+until he was so near. During
+this short visit I sat as still as a statue,
+and I think he was in doubt as to
+whether I was alive or not; but when
+he turned away into the bush he lost
+no time in getting out of reach. He
+uttered no sound except a suppressed
+<i>umph</i>!</p>
+<p>A day or two later I heard a couple
+among the plantains, but could only
+get the faintest glimpse of them. They
+were talking but little, and I don&#8217;t
+think they broke any of the stalks.
+As well as I could determine, there
+were only two, but they were of good
+size and alike in color.</p>
+<p>At this moment I hear one tearing
+a plantain stalk within about thirty
+yards of me. I can only hear one
+voice, but as they do not talk much
+when alone, I presume there are more
+of them not far away. He is uttering
+a low murmuring sound which seems
+to express pleasure, but I am not yet
+able to translate it into English. Time
+and patience, however, will accomplish
+that, and much more.</p>
+<p>It is a fact worthy of notice that
+some of the sounds uttered by the gorilla
+and chimpanzee are identical with
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_368' name='page_368'></a>368</span>
+certain sounds in the native language,
+and it is quite as easy to find letters
+to represent them. One word in
+N&#8217;Ka&#804;mi,
+meaning <i>yes</i> or <i>assent</i>, is exactly
+the same as one sound that is much
+used by the chimpanzee, but is not
+within the scope of any known system
+of phonetic symbols. The same is
+true of the word for <i>five</i> in one dialect
+of Kroo speech.</p>
+<p>My visitor has gone from the plantain
+grove without calling to pay his
+respects, but I am now being closely
+inspected by a young porcupine, who
+doesn&#8217;t appear to be so shy as his
+elders are; and just in the rear of my
+domicile is a large school of mangaby
+monkeys who come frequently to visit
+me. There are about twenty of them,
+some very large, and as I have never
+disturbed them, they seem to be getting
+more familiar. In fact, I am
+seldom without something to interest,
+amuse, or edify me. Parrots, toucans,
+and scores of other birds keep up a
+constant babel, and it is no longer
+such a novelty to me to hear a gorilla
+near my fort. At night I frequently
+have a leopard or bush-cat visit me;
+it is then too dark to shoot them, but
+my interest is centr&mdash;&mdash;s&mdash;s&mdash;st!&mdash;s&mdash;s&mdash;st!
+Oh, the precious moment!
+I have just had a new and grand experience.
+I am a trifle nervous, but I
+must tell you. While writing the last
+few lines above, a large dog from the
+mission came to pay me a visit. He
+has become attached to me, and has
+learned the way to my retreat. He
+soon found a bone which I had thrown
+into the bush, and began to gnaw with
+great vigor. Within a few feet of my
+cage is a small, rough path cut through
+the bush to mark the boundary of the
+mission lands. Suddenly there appeared
+on the edge of this path a huge
+female gorilla, carrying a young one
+on her back. She was not more than
+thirty feet from me when I first saw
+her, and her tread was so stealthy that
+I did not hear the rustle of a leaf. She
+peeped along the edge of the bush with
+the greatest caution, with her whole
+attention fixed upon the dog. In a
+few moments she advanced very softly
+towards him, with the evident purpose
+of attack, until she was within a measured
+distance of eleven feet of me,
+without having observed my presence,
+I think. The dog was not aware of
+her approach, and she was now within
+fourteen feet of him. With my rifle
+at my elbow I was prepared for action
+in an instant, as I did not want her to
+kill the dog. As I cocked my gun she
+stopped, sat down on the ground for a
+few seconds, and gave me such a look
+of scorn that I almost felt that I had
+done wrong to interfere. She then
+turned away uneasily and retraced her
+steps with moderate haste, but she did
+not run, or betray much sign of fear.
+In an instant she was lost in the bush,
+and not the faintest sound was uttered.
+There were doubtless more of them
+near by, as the natives say it is very
+rare to find one female and babe alone,
+but so far as I could see she was all
+alone. She may have been a widow,
+and if so, I should think her chances
+to remain so were very fine, if beauty
+goes at par among her beaux, for she
+certainly was one of the most hideous-looking
+things I have ever seen.</p>
+<p>The temptation to shoot her was
+almost too great to resist, and the desire
+to capture the babe made it all
+the more so, but I have refrained, so
+far, from firing my gun anywhere near
+my cage. I could have shot this one
+to-day with such ease and safety that
+I almost regret that I did not, but she
+may return.</p>
+<p>I have had the pleasure this afternoon
+of hearing three others howling
+in different directions, one of which
+appears to be a very large one.</p>
+<p>I have been told that the gorilla
+builds a rude hut or shelter in which he
+makes his home, but, so far, I have
+found no trace of any kind of structure
+built by them, nor can any native tell
+me where one can be found. I do not
+believe that he has the most remote
+idea of a home. He is nomadic in
+habit, and I doubt if he ever spends two
+nights in the same place. During the
+day gorillas wander about from place
+to place in quest of food, and wherever
+night finds them they remain till
+morning. They are not nocturnal in
+habit, and the stories of their howling
+and talking all night are not well
+founded. They do sometimes yell at
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_369' name='page_369'></a>369</span>
+night, I have no doubt, but I think it is
+not common with them, though at the
+first sign of dawn they make their presence
+known, and no one will mistake
+the cause of the sound. One morning,
+about five o&#8217;clock, I was startled from
+my sleep by one of the most terrific
+yells, within about one hundred feet of
+my cage. It was not simply one great
+shout, but a long series of sounds of
+varying pitch and loudness, and at
+intervals of something like a minute
+they were repeated, for about ten or
+twelve times, and to my ear appeared
+to be exactly the same each time. I
+quietly turned out of bed and dressed
+myself; I took my rifle and sat down,
+and watched until long after sunrise, in
+the hope that they would pass by my
+cage. All the sounds came from one
+direction until the last two, which indicated
+to me that the author of them
+was changing his location. My interpretation
+of the sound was that it was
+from the king gorilla, to arouse his
+family, who were doubtless scattered off
+into different trees for the night. The
+sound did not suggest to my mind any
+idea of fear, anger, or mirth, but business,
+and I am inclined to believe that
+the chief of the clan summons all to
+the march when he thinks it time to
+move. The succeeding morning I
+heard the same sounds repeated in another
+direction, and, I suspect, by the
+same gorilla.</p>
+<p>The usual pictures of the gorilla do
+not represent him as I have seen him.
+He has not only a crouching habit, but
+he walks on all four of his legs, and has
+the motion of most quadrupeds, using
+his right arm and left leg at the same
+time, and alternates with the left arm
+and right leg. It is not exactly a walk
+or a trot, but a kind of ambling gait,
+while the chimpanzee uses his arms as
+crutches, but lifts one foot from the
+ground a little in advance of the other.
+They do not place the palm of the hand
+on the ground, but use the back of the
+fingers from the second joint, and at
+times the one I have described above
+seemed to touch only the back of the
+nails, but this was when she was scarcely
+moving at all. I am now preparing to
+photograph some of them, and I think
+I can give a more reliable picture of
+this animal than I have ever seen heretofore.</p>
+<p>As to the stories about their howling
+all night, I would add that there is a
+large bird here which makes a sound
+very much like one sound made by the
+gorilla, and it is a very easy matter to
+mistake it. When I first came I was
+often deceived by it myself, but now I
+can detect it very easily. This bird
+cries at all hours, and I think it has imposed
+upon the honest credulity of
+many strangers.</p>
+<p>It is said that at night the king
+gorilla selects a large tree in which he
+places his family, and then takes up
+position at the base of the tree to ward
+off any harm during the night. I very
+much doubt this story. I think it quite
+probable that the gorillas habitually
+sleep in trees at night, but from all I
+can learn of the king, he looks after
+his own comfort and safety first, and
+lets his family do as they can. I have
+also heard that the king always finds a
+place of safety for them before he will
+attack a foe, but this is not confirmed
+by any fact that I can obtain. The
+gorilla will avoid an attack unless surprised
+or wounded, and in such an
+event he wastes no time in formalities.</p>
+<p>Two stories of the gorilla are in
+stereotype, and every native will furnish
+you with a certified copy, without the
+slightest variation of the text. One is,
+that when a gorilla kills a man he
+tears open the breast and drinks the
+blood of his victim; and the other,
+that a gorilla seizes the barrel of a gun
+and crushes it with his teeth. The uniform
+version of these two stories is
+such as to make one believe that they
+have been taught by rote, and I am in
+doubt as to their authorship; they have
+a strong tincture of the white man&#8217;s
+yarns.</p>
+<p>The thrilling stories about gorillas
+stealing women and holding them as
+captives in the bush, and of their taking
+children and holding them for ransom,
+are mere freaks of fancy, and I can find
+no native of the land in which the gorilla
+is found who believes that such a thing
+ever occurred, but all assert that man,
+woman, and child fare alike in the hands
+of this cruel beast. Such stories abound
+in the parts where no gorillas were
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_370' name='page_370'></a>370</span>
+ever seen, but when you get into his
+true range his real history loses much
+of its poesy.</p>
+<p>Many of the stories told of him, however,
+in his own land, are novel and
+curious, but conflicting, and some of
+them absurd; yet all agree in one
+respect, and that is that his savage
+instincts and great strength make him
+the terror of the forest, and I have no
+doubt that when he is in a rage he is
+both fierce and powerful; but I am
+still inclined to believe that both his
+ferocity and his strength are rated far
+above their true value, and it is stated
+as a current fact that in combat with
+the chimpanzee the gorilla always gets
+whipped, and often killed. I cannot
+testify to this, as I have not seen such
+a fight, and they seldom occur, yet I
+have reason to believe it to be true.</p>
+<p>I have heard a story of the origin of
+man and the gorilla, which I shall relate
+as a queer bit of native lore. It
+is confined to the Galoi tribe, and appears
+to be of recent origin, and, to
+my mind, has a strong Caucasian flavor;
+besides, no vestige of such a tale
+is found in any other tribe that I have
+seen.</p>
+<p>They say that Einyambie (God) had
+four sons who lived with him in some
+aërial abode, and three of them came
+to the earth, leaving the oldest one
+with Einyambie. On their arrival here
+they held a big palaver as to what mode
+of life they should adopt. The oldest
+of the three wanted to build a town
+and plant some fruit, but the other
+two preferred to live in the forest and
+subsist upon the wild products of nature.
+Accordingly they separated, and
+the oldest went and built him a town,
+and planted some bananas and manioc,
+while the other two roamed about
+through the primeval bush, and ate
+such wild fruits as they could find, but
+they had no fire. After some talk
+about the matter, it was agreed that
+the older of the two should go to the
+brother in the town, and ask him for
+fire, while the younger should remain in
+the bush and gather up sticks of dry
+wood to burn. The one who had gone
+to town soon returned with fire, and
+the two got on quite well for a time,
+but when the wet season came on they
+found it more difficult to procure food,
+and at last it was decided that the
+elder should again visit the town to
+ask their brother to supply them, and
+the younger should remain to keep up
+the fire; but the youth went to sleep
+and let it die out, so, when the other
+returned with food, they had no fire to
+cook it. This vexed the elder very
+much and a quarrel ensued, in consequence
+of which they separated. The
+youngest brother was left alone in the
+deep bush, and, thus cut off from all
+fellowship with his brethren, he wandered
+about until he became wild and
+fierce, and for want of clothing was
+exposed to the weather, until a coat of
+hair grew all over him, and in this
+wise came the gorilla into the world.</p>
+<p>The next older brother, on leaving
+the remote forest, took up his abode
+near the town, and by this means came
+in contact at times with his brother in
+the town, from whom he learned a few
+useful things, and thus became more
+wise and civil than the one left in
+the bush; and from this one came the
+&#8220;bushman;&#8221; while the progeny of the
+one who built the town are <i>the people</i>
+of the world. Such is the origin on
+earth of these three kindred races, as
+told by the sages of Galoi.</p>
+<p>You will observe that this novel has
+no woman in it, and her origin remains
+a question in Galoi.</p>
+<p>As a rule, the natives do not eat the
+gorilla, and very seldom kill one, but
+this I attribute more to fear than to
+respect. That great tribe of cannibals
+known as Pangwe, however, slay
+and eat him without compunction.
+This tribe was scarcely known on the
+coast a few years ago, but they are
+shifting like the desert sands from the
+interior, northeast of the Gaboon, to
+the coast southwest, until to-day they
+are found throughout the valley of the
+Ogowe, and as far south as Selle Kama,
+on the coast. They are the Jews of
+West Africa, and the life and soul of
+the trade of this part. They go into
+the bush for ivory, ebony, piassava, and
+dye-woods, and carry them for days to
+find sale for them. They drink much
+less rum than other natives, and deprecate
+slavery in all forms, except as
+hostage; but they are cruel, savage,
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_371' name='page_371'></a>371</span>
+and treacherous, and hold human life
+at small value.</p>
+<p>Up to this time I have not told you
+of the chimpanzee, which I have long
+believed to be the social and mental
+superior of the gorilla. My opinion
+was based upon a study of their skulls,
+and I was aware that many great men
+of science held opposite views; but
+all the evidence that I can find here,
+where they are best known, tends to
+confirm my belief. Every instinct of
+the gorilla seems to be averse to all
+human society; he delights in a life
+of seclusion in the most remote and
+desolate parts of the jungle, and I
+have never heard of but one gorilla
+that became even tolerant to man,
+much less attached to him, and this
+one was a mere infant. I have seen a
+few in captivity, but all of them are
+vicious, and devoid of any sense of
+gratitude whatever. On the other
+hand, the chimpanzee delights in the
+society of man, and displays many
+good traits. It is not at all rare to
+find tame ones on this coast, going
+about the premises at large, and quite
+as much at home as any resident.
+With this short preface I desire to introduce
+my own young friend, who
+lives with me in my forest home. He
+is a fine specimen of the chimpanzee
+race, and I call him Moses, because he
+was found in a papyrus swamp of the
+Ogowe. He is devoted to me, and
+cries after me like a spoiled baby, and
+follows me like a pet dog. I do not
+confine him, so he goes about in the
+bush near the cage, and selects some
+of the tender buds of young plants and
+vines, and returns to me to be petted
+and caressed. He is a great pleasure
+to me as well as a great plague, for he
+wants to hug me all the time, and never
+wants me to put him down. About
+ten o&#8217;clock every day he comes for a
+nap, and when I wrap him up and lay
+him on a box by my side, he sleeps
+quietly till noon. After a good sleep
+he climbs on my lap and embraces me
+with devotion, until I really tire of him.
+Much of the time I write with him on
+my lap, and when I put him outside
+the cage he climbs up near me, and
+begs and pulls my sleeve until I relent,
+and let him come inside again. When
+I leave my cage I usually take him
+with me, and when he sees me take my
+rifle he begins to fret, until I let him
+mount my back, which he does with
+great skill, and hangs on to me like
+the ivy to a church wall. A few days
+since, as we were returning from a
+short tour, I saw a young chimpanzee
+crossing the path about thirty yards
+from us, and I tried to induce Moses to
+call his little cousin; but he declined
+to do so, and I accused him of being
+proud because he was mounted and
+the other was afoot, and hence he
+would not speak to him.</p>
+<p>I am trying to teach Moses to speak
+English, but up to this time he has not
+succeeded. He tries to move his lips
+as I do, but makes no sound. However,
+he has only been in school a very
+short term, and I think he will learn by
+and by. I am also trying him on some
+simple problems with blocks, and sometimes
+I think he is doing quite well. I
+am giving him some lessons in cleanliness,
+and he listens with profound
+silence to my precepts, but when it
+comes to taking a bath, Moses is a
+rank heretic. He will allow his hands
+to be washed, but when it comes to
+wetting his face, no logic will convince
+him that he needs it. He has a great
+horror for large bugs, and when one
+comes near him he will talk like a
+phonograph, and brush at it with his
+hands until he gets rid of it. When he
+sees or hears anything strange, he always
+tells me in a low tone, unless it
+comes too near, and then he announces
+it with a yell. At times I refuse to
+pay any attention to him, and he will
+fall down, scream, and sulk like a very
+naughty child. He is extremely jealous,
+and does not want any one to come
+near me. I have made him a neat little
+house, with hammock and mosquito-bar,
+and at night I tuck him in, when
+he sleeps quietly until late in the morning.
+Then he crawls out, rubbing his
+eyes, and wants his breakfast. He
+wants to try everything he sees me eat.</p>
+<p>I must now tell you of the most
+novel and singular thing known of the
+chimpanzee, the native name of which
+is &#8220;<i>n&#8217;tyigo</i>&#8221; (n&#8217;cheego). All native
+tribes in this part of Africa use some
+species of drum to make the music for
+<span class='pagenum pncolor'><a id='page_372' name='page_372'></a>372</span>
+their frequent dances. The drum used
+by the
+N&#8217;Ka&#804;mi
+is called <i>n&#8217;gäma</i>, and
+the dance is called
+<i>ka&#804;njo</i>.
+The chimpanzees
+have a similar fête, and set to
+similar music. They meet in great
+numbers at a certain place in the bush,
+and beat their strange tum-tum, which
+the natives call the <i>n&#8217;gäma n&#8217;tyigo</i>. The
+performer makes a peculiar humming
+vocal sound while he beats on his
+mysterious drum with great zeal, during
+which time all the others go
+through a series of frantic motions
+which resemble a dance, and which the
+natives call the
+<i>ka&#804;njo
+n&#8217;tyigo</i>. When
+the music ceases, the dance ends for
+the time, and all the group join in a
+loud, wild shout. After a brief pause
+the dance is resumed, and these festivities
+are often continued for two or
+three hours. At intervals the musician
+is relieved by another taking his place,
+and two at a time have been known to
+beat and hum.</p>
+<p>I have heard of this in many parts
+of Africa with some slight changes of
+detail, but have as often been assured
+that it had defied the skill of all woodsmen
+to ascertain the real character of
+the drum used by them in this unique
+<i>n&#8217;ka&#804;njo</i>.
+Some assert that they beat
+upon a dead tree, others that they use
+a concave piece of wood or bark, while
+some contend that they strike the
+breast with their hands; but, during
+my sojourn here, I have been shown
+what I believe is the genuine <i>n&#8217;gäma
+n&#8217;tyigo</i>. It is a peculiar spot of sonorous
+earth, of irregular shape but
+usually about two feet in diameter, and
+formed of clay superimposed upon a
+soil resembling peat. It appears to be
+artificial, but the natives cannot tell
+whether it is natural or made by the
+<i>n&#8217;tyigo</i>, but it is fairly certain that it
+is used by the chimpanzee as described,
+and it is not a bad imitation of the
+native <i>n&#8217;gäma</i>. I have examined one
+of these with much care, and I am inclined
+to believe that it is artificial, as
+it is isolated from all similar clay, and
+appears to have been kneaded.</p>
+<p>I have, as yet, seen but few chimpanzees
+since I have taken up my
+abode at Fort Gorilla, but I hope to
+enjoy some private interviews with
+them before I decamp.</p>
+<p>It is difficult for me to tell you what
+it is to be alone in the bosom of the
+N&#8217;Ka&#804;mi
+forest. No fancy can portray
+the solitude of such a time and place.
+Just now the elements are in an angry
+mood; the thunder rolls along the sky,
+until the earth recoils and trembles at
+the sound; the wind shrieks through
+the jungle as if to find a refuge from
+impending wrath; the pouring rain
+pursues it with the speed of fear; the
+lightning waves its torch, and glowing
+chains of fire fall. Such is the way
+in which the long and dreary nights
+approach my hermitage. And yet, I
+am content among the dismal shadows
+of the wilderness, for Nature makes me
+her confidant, and every hour divulges
+some new secret; and my cage affords
+me such immunity from danger that I
+can sit quiescently and witness all her
+sports, as no one ever witnessed them
+before.</p>
+<div class='figcenter'>
+<div class='figtag'>
+<a name='linki_69' id='linki_69'></a>
+</div>
+<img src='images/illus404.jpg' alt='' title='' width='659' height='208' />
+<br />
+</div>
+
+<!-- generated by ppg.rb version: 3.22k3 -->
+<!-- timestamp: 2011-07-18 11:13:04 -0500 -->
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,4721 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2011 [EBook #36784]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Katherine Ward, Juliet Sutherland, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+McCLURE'S MAGAZINE
+
+VOL. I    SEPTEMBER, 1893    No. 4
+
+
+Copyright, 1893, by S. S. MCCLURE, Limited. All rights reserved.
+
+
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  Edward E. Hale. The Man with a Country. By Herbert D. Ward.      291
+  How Cassie Saved the Spoons. By Annie Howells Frechette.         301
+  Surrender. By Gertrude Hall.                                     308
+  "Human Documents."                                               309
+  Dreams Go By Contraries. By George H. Jessop.                    318
+  The Tables Turned. By William Wordsworth.                        326
+  Pasteur at Home. By Ida M. Tarbell.                              327
+  Hugh Bronte'S Courtship. By Doctor William Wright.               341
+  The Legend of the Elephant and the Lion. By Henry M. Stanley.    351
+  Song. By Thomas Carew.                                           355
+  The Life and Experiences of an Engineer of a Limited Express.
+      By Cleveland Moffett.                                        356
+  Among the Gorillas. By R. L. Garner.                             364
+
+
+
+
+Illustrations
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  Residence of Edward Everett Hale.                                292
+  Sitting-Room.                                                    294
+  Highland Street, With the Hale Place on the Right.               295
+  Doctor Hale in His Study.                                        296
+  The Library.                                                     298
+  The Dining-Room.                                                 299
+  E. E. Hale in 1847. From a Painting By Richard Hinsdale.         300
+  Emperor William of Germany.                                      310
+  Eugene Field.                                                    314
+  Colonel Albert A. Pope.                                          316
+  The Statue of Jupille.                                           327
+  The Pasteur Institute.                                           328
+  The Lodge.                                                       329
+  M. Pasteur in His Salon.                                         330
+  The House at Dole.                                               331
+  M. Pasteur at Thirty.                                            332
+  At the Jubilee of M. Pasteur.                                    333
+  Portraits of M. Pasteur.                                         334
+  A Group of Patients.                                             336
+  The Library.                                                     337
+  M. Roux.                                                         337
+  Dosing the Virus.                                                338
+  Dr. Metchnikoff in His Laboratory.                               339
+  Filling the Syringes.                                            339
+  The Rabbits' Quarters.                                           340
+  "The Flyer" Leaving the Grand Central Station, New York City.    357
+
+
+
+
+EDWARD E. HALE.
+
+THE MAN WITH A COUNTRY.
+
+BY HERBERT D. WARD.
+
+
+When General Ward drove the British out of Roxbury in the reign of
+George the Third, the valuation of the town was about sixty
+thousand dollars. I do not know at what high figure the historic
+city that guards the ashes of John Eliot is held now, but I do
+know that, in this age of rapacious corporations and untrustworthy
+trusts, genius outranks gold, and that Roxbury receives no small
+increment of her value from the fact that Edward E. Hale is one of
+her most distinguished citizens. To one fond of perceiving the
+innate or accidental fitness of things, it is, perhaps, more than a
+coincidence that Doctor Hale lives on Highland Street, and that
+his house reminds one, with its massive front and Ionic columns, of a
+Greek temple.
+
+This large house was built, about sixty years ago, by Mr. Bradford,
+for his brother-in-law, Reverend Mr. Kent, and was used for a young
+ladies' boarding-school. Even now, on some of the upper panes, girls'
+names and girlish sentiments are to be read. When Doctor Hale took the
+house, some twenty years ago, he introduced a carpenter to make what
+are called "modern improvements."
+
+"Mr. Hale," said the carpenter, after a thorough inspection, "you are
+fortunate in your bargain. _This house was built on honor._" Mr. Hale
+has had a great mind to make this reply the motto over his doorway.
+
+When Doctor Hale once described his house to an eminent editor of one
+of our leading magazines, he said: "You cannot mistake it; it is a
+Greek temple just above Eliot Square."
+
+The editor, with the gentle blush that frisky memory will bring to the
+cheeks of the staidest, quickly answered: "Yes, I have often
+worshipped there."
+
+This is not a biographical paper. The readers of the "Atlantic" will
+remember Doctor Hale's description of his father, the first of New
+England's great railroad pioneers. Every one knows that our Mr. Hale
+was named after his uncle, the great Edward Everett; but perhaps it is
+not so generally known that Mrs. Hale is the granddaughter of Lyman
+Beecher, and the niece of Mrs. Stowe. What may not be expected of
+Doctor Hale's boys, with Beecher, Hale, and Everett blood in their
+veins? There is no better selection, and the problem is an interesting
+one.
+
+But, to many of us, the most interesting of Doctor Hale's connections
+is his distant relation, Helen Kellar. The first time that wonderful,
+blind, deaf-mute child, then not eight years old, came to his home,
+there happened to be an Egyptian statuette of the god Terminus outside
+the piazza steps. The child touched it, and, with her marvellous
+discernment, starting back, said in her own way: "Oh, the ugly old
+man!"
+
+Helen was then taken to the beautiful alto-relievo of Bernini,
+representing the infants Christ and John playing together. It is a
+little thing, and slowly the child ran her eye-fingers over the chubby
+babes. Suddenly her sightless face lighted with the rarest smile. Her
+soul had understood the significance of the holy group by an intuition
+that science cannot gauge, and she bent over and kissed the sacred
+children.
+
+After all, every home exhibits a clinging pananthropoism, if one may
+be permitted to coin the word. Books and pictures and statuary are the
+man, just as much as his style. They are his most subtile expression.
+They are his unlying interpreters. As you walk into Doctor Hale's
+parlor, resting upon the floor, there confronts you a realistic
+colored photograph of the compelling Matterhorn. That picture, with
+its glacier, its precipices, and its summit, conquered only by
+cooeperative achievement, is a fit emblem of a family climbing from
+height to height.
+
+We left the table, and Lyman Beecher's splendid portrait, that formed
+a strong background for Doctor Hale's impressive head, and stopped for
+a moment in the boys' study, opposite the parlor. There is the
+portrait of Edward Everett, by Stuart Newton: of Alexander Everett, by
+Alexander, and of Mrs. Hale, by Ransom, and a striking picture of the
+doctor himself. How many of these sedate portraits have been shocked
+by shuttlecock and bumped by football at the hands of Doctor Hale's
+rollicking boys, only one of whom, Robert, of rising literary
+reputation, is left with his father in the home!
+
+[Illustration: RESIDENCE OF EDWARD EVERETT HALE.]
+
+Across the narrow back hall one takes a quick glimpse of the four
+phases of the moon on the stairway, then of hundreds of volumes
+lining the walls, billows of books, breaking upon one
+everywhere--five thousand of them.
+
+"That is Thomas Arnold's portrait--father of Matthew," said Doctor
+Hale, pointing from his sofa, and then settling back into
+reminiscences:--"Longfellow over there, and Dean Stanley. I liked
+Stanley, and I think Stanley liked me. We were on very cordial terms.
+He sat at the desk where you are, and I gave him Gladstone's article
+on America, published that fall. There was a carriage at the door. I
+was to show him some historical places. It was October, and cold. I
+told the boys to bring some rugs. They came to the carriage with a lot
+of Arab shawls. Stanley had just come from the desert, and with
+marvellous dexterity he wound a shawl about him so that he looked like
+an Arab sheik. I got a little frightened at the oriental look of it,
+and said: 'Oh, we shall be in all the newspapers.' With reluctance he
+consented to throw a cape over his shoulders instead. But I always
+regretted that I did not allow him to go through the streets as an
+Arab dean. When I bade him good-by that night, he said, with his
+wonted thoughtfulness, 'Let me pay for this carriage; you would never
+have had it if it hadn't been for me.'
+
+"'No,' said I, 'when I go to Westminster you shall pay for me. When
+you are in Boston, I shall pay for you.'
+
+"When we got out of the carriage the hackman took off his hat and
+said: 'If the carriage were mine, you shouldn't pay a cent. Doctor
+Stanley is a good and great man, and I am proud to have carried him.'
+That's pretty good for a Boston hackman."
+
+As my eyes roamed over the mass of portfolios stacked in an orderly
+manner in the case at the foot of his lounge, my imagination conjured
+many an interview that Mr. Hale must have had with immortals,
+contemporaries, and friends of the man before me.
+
+And what invaluable letters must those portfolios contain! Doctor Hale
+evidently caught my curiosity and my glance.
+
+"You would like to see some autographs?" he generously asked.
+
+"Yes, indeed, but I am afraid there is not time now. Tell me about
+some of your most interesting ones."
+
+Then it proved that Doctor Hale had advantages in the line of
+presidential autographs, because of his eminent and political
+ancestry. His collection in this respect is complete, and in this way,
+he says, he began it.
+
+"I was sitting one evening tearing up old papers, after my father's
+death, and among them noticed a letter on the character of Washington.
+Not considering it worth keeping, I took it to tear it up, when out
+dropped a yellow paper, ancient and faded. It proved to be a letter of
+George Washington himself, which had been enclosed in the other letter
+by my father, evidently to illustrate a point in character which the
+writer had raised. Then and there I resolved to make a collection of
+presidential autographs. I don't dare to tell you how many family
+commissions I hold in my portfolio. To me the collection is almost the
+history of my family. I have been tempted to publish a couple of
+volumes of national history of the nineteenth century, to be taken
+bodily from my own portfolio of autographs. It might be rather
+interesting."
+
+"Changing the subject, when did you first meet Emerson?"
+
+"Let me see, I first heard Emerson when I was eleven years old. He was
+delivering his lecture on Mohammed. I first spoke to him in Harvard
+College chapel, when a mutual acquaintance had just taken the highest
+honors. Emerson said of him, with his keenest look:
+
+"'I didn't know he was so fine a fellow. Now, if some misfortune could
+only happen to him; if he could be turned out of college, or could be
+unpopular in his class, or his father could fail in business, all
+would be well with him.'
+
+"This seemed at the time cynical, but when I read of the hardships of
+Emerson's early life, and heard of the unhappy end of the man of
+college honors, I understood it and was astounded at his penetration.
+
+"I have a letter of Emerson's (and you can take a copy of it if you
+like) which cleared up an anecdote that was told of him at the time.
+It was said that on one of his ocean trips he committed 'Alaric' or
+some other long poem to memory, in order to while away a few otherwise
+unprofitable days. It proved to be 'Lycidas,' and I never heard of any
+one else who has committed 'Lycidas' to memory on an ocean trip for
+pastime. Who else but Emerson would have thought of it?"
+
+  CONCORD, _January 26_.
+
+  MY DEAR HALE:--I know by much experience of my own what it is to
+  have Everett on the brain, and you, who have it in the blood, may
+  easily believe that it could only be "Alaric" that I was crooning
+  at sea. But it was not that, but Milton's "Lycidas," which I told
+  of in a lecture on Memory, to which I must think you refer; though
+  nothing of it was ever printed or reported that I know, and it
+  must have been read (_i.e._, the lecture) when you were very
+  young. I ought to be proud that the anecdote could reach you, but
+  the mystery of the memory interested me much.
+
+  I wrote you yesterday about Stirling's pamphlet, which I hope will
+  come speedily to you. I do not recall the title, but it was,
+  perhaps, "Remarks on Mr. Huxley's Protoplasm."
+
+  Yours,
+  R. W. EMERSON.
+
+"Here's another story of Emerson," continued my host, with a twinkle,
+"that reminds me of the story of the man who said he couldn't make a
+speech like Henry Clay, but he had once held the statesman's hat when
+Clay was speaking. When Mr. Emerson delivered his second Phi Beta
+address, the desk had been removed from the pulpit of the church, so
+that he had at the beginning to kneel uncomfortably to read his
+manuscript. I went back in the vestry and found the desk, and, in the
+first pause in Emerson's address, placed it before him. The audience
+of course applauded. When the oration was over, Lowell, who presided,
+congratulated Mr. Emerson on his success, and Emerson's first words
+were, 'Where's that saint, Edward Hale?'"
+
+[Illustration: SITTING-ROOM.]
+
+"Have you any special reminiscence of Hawthorne?"
+
+"Hardly any at all. Personally, Hawthorne was very reticent in
+society. My own recollections of him, when I first saw him, were
+that he hardly spoke a word to anybody. This little scrap of
+Hawthorne's, which you may use, if you care to, was sent to the
+'Boston Miscellany,' a magazine that my brother edited, and to
+which all Young America at that time contributed. Lowell published
+his first stories and articles in the 'Miscellany,' after those in
+'Harvardiana.'
+
+"But with Lowell my relations were singularly intimate. He was also
+intimate with my brother Nathan. Our room in college was convenient
+for him, as his was at a distance from recitations. He was a class in
+advance of me. Those were the days when we borrowed Emerson's volume
+of Tennyson's first poems, and copied the poems in our scrap-books.
+Lowell was deep in the old dramatists then, and read papers on them in
+the Alpha Delta, which was the literary club to which we both
+belonged. The intimacy which was then begun lasted through our lives.
+He edited 'The Atlantic' when I published my first stories there.
+
+[Illustration: HIGHLAND STREET, WITH THE HALE PLACE ON THE RIGHT.]
+
+"By the way, it is reported that Ruskin will be made poet laureate! My
+candidate, however, is Jean Ingelow. The Queen ought to have named a
+woman. Talking on the subject, I have seen with these eyes the
+original correspondence with which Prince Albert offered the
+laureateship to Samuel Rogers. Rogers was greatly pleased, but after
+consideration declined, because he was so old. The Prince then wrote
+to Rogers to ask him to name the laureate. Rogers named Tennyson. Then
+came a letter from the prime minister, in which he said: 'We are not
+acquainted with the works of this gentleman, and will you be good
+enough to let me know whether he has ever written anything which would
+make it improper for a woman to name him for this post?'"
+
+Mr. Hale stopped and laughed heartily. "Just think of that!" he added,
+with glee.
+
+After some skirmishing about the bush--for the office of
+"interlocutor" is not very familiar to me--I asked Doctor Hale:
+
+"What do you consider the best thing you ever did?" He did not seem
+annoyed or perplexed by the question. He thrust his arms behind his
+head, extended himself the full length of the lounge, and regarded me
+with his deep-set eyes. Doctor Hale's face wrinkles in a curious way
+around his eyes. These are the features of his face. They are fine,
+deep, sad, careless of human opinion--except it has to be conciliated
+for a high purpose--and alert as a boy's, ready for a truth or for a
+friend. I believe that a divine physiognomist would read Doctor Hale's
+career in his gray eyes and their high ramparts. "Why, the young man's
+head has an entirely different shape," said the elder Darwin of his
+son Charles, on the young man's return from his voyage in the
+"Beagle." It struck me oddly that in a like manner Doctor Hale's eyes
+had been a mirror of his life.
+
+"I think," began Doctor Hale thoughtfully, "that 'In His Name,' as a
+bit of literary work, is to be regarded as the best book I ever wrote.
+The story of 'The Man Without a Country' has circulated in much larger
+numbers. It was forged in the fire, and I think its great popularity
+is due to the subject."
+
+"And what is your best literary work at present?"
+
+After some hesitation Doctor Hale answered:
+
+"I think my sermons are the best."
+
+This serious answer caused no little astonishment; for one naturally
+thinks of Doctor Hale as an author rather than as a hard-working
+minister.
+
+[Illustration: DOCTOR HALE IN HIS STUDY.]
+
+"I attach a great deal of importance to the weekly printing and
+circulating of sermons," he continued. "It is more than fifteen years
+since I began printing them for our people. It keeps a man at his best
+work. It does away with slipshod carelessness. I should advise every
+minister to print his sermons. The fact of it is," he continued, with
+increasing vivacity, "five-sixths of my work in this office is parish
+work. I am a person who has never lost sight of my profession. People
+complain that my books always carry a moral. I wouldn't write if they
+didn't."
+
+"How did you come to write--as an author, I mean?"
+
+"Until 1861 I was only known in Boston as an energetic minister of an
+active church. I didn't want anything else. I believe now, as then,
+that if anything is going to be done, it is to be done through that
+agency. Then the war came along. I was in the Massachusetts Rifle
+Corps, and," he said this with a pardonable twinkle of pride, "I have
+drilled a major-general. Then I was on the Sanitary Commission. To
+save the country--that brought me into public life, and I have never
+got back into simple parish life again. Then came 'The Man Without a
+Country.' In 1871 'Ten Times One is Ten' was published. From that book
+came a peculiarity of my life. It brought me into close contact with
+all parts of the world. From it sprang the 'Lend a Hand' and the
+'King's Daughters,' and a dozen such working societies, and indirectly
+the Epworth League and the Christian Endeavor. They copied the idea,
+with many of my mottoes."
+
+The speaker stopped while the writer pondered how many a girl, from
+East to West and North to South, carried upon her throat a plain
+silver cross tied with a purple ribbon, her proudest ornament. It is
+an inspiring picture and comes quickly to call. To make an era in
+Christian self-surrender, to girdle the world with unselfish crosses,
+to hammer high purposes into young souls, that is a better life than
+to have written the best novel of the decade.
+
+"Yes," said Doctor Hale, with the authority of his threescore years
+and eleven, "the parish is at the basis of my life, and takes
+five-sixths of my time. All this would have been impossible without
+it."
+
+In these days, when some of our eminent critics consider a moral
+purpose detrimental to the literary value of a story, it is refreshing
+to learn from the mouth of one of our most popular authors that his
+success is due entirely to the inspiration of a Christian ideal. It
+takes the modern school of critics to pat the Lord Jesus Christ upon
+the back. Charles Kingsley and Doctor Hale will not be snuffed out by
+them because they have chosen to Christianize their literary work.
+
+Edward E. Hale regards the ministry as the most practical business in
+the world. The theory that the minister spends his mornings reading
+Hebrew, and his afternoons praying with dying old women, is exploded
+in his career. He knocks about in the most active of city life. It
+came out that the day before I called he went up to the State House to
+argue in favor of an honest bill of some kind. He then signed the
+lease of the "Noonday Rest," a club where working girls are to get
+good food. He made himself responsible for fifteen hundred dollars a
+year because the poor girls had to be cared for, and he "knew it would
+come back to him all right." Then the duties of Vice-President of the
+Industrial Aid called for his attention. "I am the man of business,"
+he said, with flashing eyes. Of such are the charities of his life.
+
+Even while the writer was sitting in the chair that Dean Stanley
+occupied, and revolving the problem whether Doctor Hale summoned from
+some other planet the time in which to write his sermons, we were
+interrupted by a messenger from the Society for Prevention of Cruelty
+to Animals, who came for about fifty pounds of stories which Doctor
+Hale had read in order to determine the four winners of prizes.
+
+"I was a little taken in," he said, with a boyish laugh, after the
+messenger, stunned dumb by that kindly reception of Doctor Hale's
+(which is denied to no one), had departed staggering; "I thought
+they were to be short stories, and they turned out to be
+sixty-thousand-word books."
+
+Doctor Hale's study, which he calls his office, was once used as the
+school-room for day scholars, and had a piazza, on one side of it.
+This Mr. Hale has boarded up and uses the space--three feet wide--for
+his thousands of pamphlets. I stepped in there while the messenger
+from the society with the long name was occupying our host's
+attention, and, for all the world, it seemed like a touch from Dickens
+or a section from the Athenaeum. That pamphlet alcove, narrow, musty,
+yet busy, a composite of the stage-coach days and our electric era,
+gave me a graver suspicion of Doctor Hale's cosmopolitan interests
+than any word he had uttered or anything I had hitherto seen in the
+temple.
+
+When I came back Doctor Hale was again stretched upon the lounge. He
+began almost fiercely upon his favorite topic, and I can do no better
+than to give his own words:
+
+"I have written twenty-five books, but I'm not an author; I'm a parish
+minister. I don't care a snap for the difference between Balzac and
+Daudet. That isn't important in life. I do care about the difference
+between the classes of men who migrate to this country of mine."
+
+Here I interrupted him:
+
+"Is it better to do twenty things than one?"
+
+"Not best for every one; but for a man who writes forty sermons a
+year, it is better not to get into one rut. To write those sermons
+well he must come into touch with forty things or forty men. As a man
+of letters, I say the same thing. An author must be an all-around man
+and take a many-sided view of life. My friends think it harms me. I
+say it does not."
+
+Although I was burning to ask a vital and perhaps an impertinent
+question--for as he was so kind to me I wished not to be intrusive--I
+waited while he chatted about his connection with Harvard.
+
+It is one of Doctor Hale's happiest memories that he was an overseer
+of Harvard University when the modern plan was introduced of having
+more than one person to take charge of the chapel services. The new
+custom was initiated by appointing the clerical members of the
+overseers and faculty to take the chapel in turn. Doctor Hale thinks
+there were nine of them. So he took a ninth part. That system in turn
+gave way to the present system, by which five or six men are appointed
+annually. Each in turn is given a room in college, so as to enter into
+intimate pastoral relationship with the boys. This system has proved
+wonderfully successful. In the inauguration of each of its phases
+Doctor Hale was senior in the board, and heavily influential in the
+working of the experiment. It is not to be wondered at, that of the
+experiences of his long life he values making the acquaintance of a
+"couple of thousand of as fine young men as the day can produce."
+
+This is only another illustration of Doctor Hale's wide sweep and
+influence.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBRARY.]
+
+"Doctor Hale, you yourself have hinted at it, namely, that the worst
+thing your friends say about you is, that you have too many irons in
+the fire. Do you think that thereby you have missed an opportunity in
+life?"
+
+"I am glad you asked that question," he reassured me with his most
+winning smile. "I don't think I have," he said slowly. "I might have
+written better verses; by the way"--I thought he was changing the
+subject--"I am just editing a collection of my verses for Roberts
+Brothers, to be called 'For Fifty Years.' On the title-page this
+quotation from the 'Ingham Papers' will be printed as a motto for the
+poems. Read it aloud to me."
+
+Judge how I was moved as I read the following words to him:
+
+"Poor Ingham was painfully conscious that he had no peculiar genius
+for one duty rather than another. If it were his duty to write verses,
+he wrote verses; to lay telegraph, he laid telegraph; to fight
+slavers, he fought slavers; to preach sermons, he preached sermons.
+And he did one of these things with just as much alacrity as the
+other; the moral purpose entirely controlling such mental aptness or
+physical habits as he could bring to bear."
+
+As my voice died away among the volumes, it flashed across me that in
+these words could be found Doctor Hale's mental and spiritual
+biography.
+
+"Is this your epitaph?" I asked, very soberly.
+
+"I am willing to stand by this as my epitaph," he repeated after me,
+in his gravest tones.
+
+Now this scene was not an interview, but a revelation, and I felt that
+it "was good to be there." But, as an engagement called us to go out
+together, we arose.
+
+"I wish you could have seen more of my parish work," he said, as we
+walked in the rain. He recurred to his favorite topic eagerly. "For
+that is my real life."
+
+[Illustration: THE DINING-ROOM.]
+
+"Sermons?" The word started him off.
+
+"I have no patience with the idea that it takes six days of grinding
+to write a sermon. What nonsense! A sermon consists of about two
+thousand five hundred words. I take a cup of coffee before breakfast
+and write about six pages--that is, six hundred and fifty words. In
+the morning I dictate to my amanuensis one thousand five hundred
+words. I am intensely interested in the subject, and this takes only a
+quarter of an hour. In the afternoon I look it over and add five or
+six hundred words, and the sermon is done. In all, I haven't put my
+hand for over two hours to paper."
+
+Although I have written a sermon or two myself, and had a different
+experience, I did not argue the point. I have a faint suspicion that
+it would take most people fifty years of experience to arrive at such
+a wonderful facility.
+
+Power? Where did Doctor Hale get the strength to carry through his
+hundred duties?--editing--writing--aiding public work and public and
+private charities--correspondence--for he is the busiest man in
+Boston, and his business increases upon him week by week in an
+appalling ratio.
+
+"How on earth do you do it all? Where do you get the power? What is
+it?"
+
+"The simple truth is," and I quote his words exactly, "that any child
+of God, who in any adequate way believes that he can partake of the
+divine nature, knows that he has strength enough for any business
+which looks the right way; that is, which helps to bring God's kingdom
+into the world. Well, if you are working with Aladdin's lamp, or with
+Monte Cristo's treasures, you are not apt to think you will fail. Far
+less will you think you will fail if you are working with the
+omnipotence of the Lord God behind you. When people talk to me,
+therefore, about optimism or good spirits or expecting success, if I
+know them well enough I say that I am promised infinite power to work
+with, and that whenever I have trusted it fairly and squarely, I have
+found that the promise was true."
+
+He stopped, and under the shelter of a high steeple we separated: and
+the parish priest, the author, the eager citizen, the helper of poor
+girls and struggling young men, the man of power, the Christian
+cosmopolitan, strode down the street, and was lost in the mist.
+
+I could not help calling to mind a pretty story told of him while he
+was travelling in the West. As the train stopped at some forsaken
+hamlet in California, twenty girls were seen upon the platform. On
+hearing that Edward E. Hale was to pass through, they had begged off
+from school in order to greet him. They were "King's Daughters," and
+Doctor Hale was their inspiration and their chief. Each girl was
+loaded with a different flower, with which she garlanded her hero.
+
+Such a tender and reverential free-masonry as this, founded by
+himself, greets him daily through the mail, and overwhelms him when he
+travels from his own home.
+
+As the author of "The Man Without a Country," "In His Name," and "Ten
+Times One is Ten," he sways our imagination and our hearts. But let
+him also be known as a man content to be a parish minister, and as one
+who never fails to lend a hand when the chance is given to him.
+
+[Illustration: E. E. HALE IN 1847. FROM A PAINTING BY RICHARD HINSDALE.]
+
+
+
+
+HOW CASSIE SAVED THE SPOONS.
+
+BY ANNIE HOWELLS FRECHETTE.
+
+
+The last good-by had been said, and the comfortable country carriage,
+drawn by its two glossy bay horses, had disappeared around a knoll.
+
+"They is do'rn," remarked the baby, as if just in possession of a
+solemn fact.
+
+"Torse they is do'rn, you blessed baby," answered Florence, his
+fifteen-year-old sister, stooping down and lifting him in her strong
+arms and kissing him.
+
+The baby, let me remark, was a sturdy boy of four, with bright brown
+eyes and red cheeks--cheeks so plump that when you had a side view of
+his face you could only see the tip of his little pug nose.
+
+"Well, if ever anybody has earned a holiday, they are father and
+mother," said Cassie.
+
+"Cassie, dear, your sentiment is better than your grammar," laughed
+Rose, the eldest of the three sisters.
+
+"Never you mind my grammar, Miss Eglantine. I mayn't have much 'book
+larnin',' but I've got a head on my shoulders, as father frequently
+remarks--which is a good thing, for I couldn't bear to look at myself
+in the glass if I hadn't--and besides, how could I do my hair up so
+neatly, (Cassie's hair was the joke of the family) if I hadn't? And
+now I'm going up-stairs to cry, and I'll be down in three minutes to
+help with the dishes," and the giddy girl flew into the house and
+disappeared.
+
+At the expiration of the three minutes which Cassie had set apart as
+sacred to her grief, she reappeared, sniffing audibly, but otherwise
+cheerful.
+
+"Now, girls, I say let us buzz through the work like a swarm of
+industrious bumble-bees, and then go down to the creek lots and put in
+the day gathering nuts. Last night, as Ned and I came through them,
+the nuts were falling like hail, and we can pick up our winter's
+supply in a few hours."
+
+This was favorably received, for they were all--even Rose--children
+enough to enjoy a long day in the autumn woods. We all know that
+willing hands make light work, and the morning's task was quickly
+done; a basket of lunch was put up, and the girls, with the baby, were
+soon scampering through the meadow toward the little creek, whose
+borders for miles around were famous for their wealth of nuts.
+
+The harvest was indeed bountiful, and they worked merrily and
+untiringly until bags and baskets were filled and deposited by a great
+log, where their brother would next day find them and cart them home.
+So busy and happy had they been that they could scarcely believe that
+the day had ended until the woods began to fill with shadows, and the
+baby declared he was sleepy and wanted his supper.
+
+"Who would ever have believed it so late?" cried Rose, peering from
+under the low boughs toward the west, "and there are all those cows to
+milk and the chickens to feed! Come, come, girls, not another nut;
+we'll have to go home at once if we want to get through before dark.
+Cassie, you are the quickest, do run ahead and let the bars down, and
+get the pails ready, and I'll carry the baby--he's so tired, poor
+little fellow, he can hardly stand. Florence can start the fire and
+begin the supper while you and I do the chores."
+
+Away sped the light-footed Cassie, while the others made such haste as
+they could with the tired baby, who wept in a self-pitying way upon
+Rose's shoulder.
+
+"Oo dirls is 'tarvin' me an' walkin' me most to pieces, an' I want my
+mover," he wailed, as he finally dozed off.
+
+Rose laid him upon the lounge in the cozy sitting-room, and, waiting
+for a moment to see Florence started with the supper, for which they
+were all ready, hurried away to the barn, where she could hear Cassie
+whistling, and talking to the cows as she milked.
+
+Out from the kitchen's open door appetizing odors of coffee and frying
+ham stole to greet the two girls, as they came towards the house with
+their brimming pails of frothy milk.
+
+"It smells good," said Cassie, "and I'm as hungry as a tramp----"
+
+"Oh, Cassie! why did you say that? I've just been trying not to think
+about tramps. I always feel creepy when I'm about the barn after dark,
+anyway, and now----"
+
+"Well, my saying that won't bring any along."
+
+"They are positively the only things in the world that I'm afraid
+of."
+
+"Well, then, _I'm_ not afraid of them. And suppose one should come?
+Surely three great stout girls ought to be able to take care of
+themselves."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, dear, please stop talking about them! I feel as if one
+were stepping on my heels. Let's run."
+
+"And spill the milk? Not much."
+
+The kitchen looked so bright and cheery as they entered it that Rose
+seemed to leave her fears outside with the duskiness, and by the time
+she had strained the milk and put it away, she had forgotten that
+tramps existed.
+
+Cassie had gone up-stairs to make some needed changes in her toilet,
+the baby had roused from a short nap and was taking a rather mournful
+interest in the preparations for supper, when Rose, who had just
+stopped to ask him whether he would rather have honey or preserves,
+heard a stealthy step upon the porch. A moment later, the door was
+pushed slowly open and a man walked in.
+
+"Good evening, ladies. Is your pa at home?"
+
+"N--no," faltered Rose, trying to settle to her own satisfaction
+whether this dirty-looking stranger might be some new neighbor, who
+had come upon legitimate business, or whether he was her one horror--a
+tramp.
+
+"Any of your big brothers in?" with rather a jocular manner.
+
+"N--no, sir."
+
+"And I don't see any bull-dog loafin' round," he added.
+
+"Our dord, he is dead," explained the baby solemnly.
+
+"Well, that's a good thing. Will the old gentleman be in soon?"
+
+"I--I don't know--yes--I--I _hope_ so. Is there any message you would
+like to leave for him?"
+
+Before the man could answer, the baby's voice was again heard.
+
+"My fahver he's dorn orf."
+
+"Where's he gone, sonny?"
+
+"He's dorn on the tars, so's my mohver; and my bid brover he putted
+yem on, and he won't be home 'til I'm asleep, and he's doin' to brin'
+me a drum and put it in my bed."
+
+(Oh, how Rose longed to shake the baby!)
+
+"Well, then, ladies, since you are likely to be alone, I think I'll
+stay and keep you company; and since you press me, I _will_ take tea
+and spend the evening. Don't go to any extra work for me, though; it
+all looks very nice. I'm rather hungry, so you may dish up that ham at
+once, my dear"--this to poor Florence, who had shrunk almost into
+invisibility behind the stove-pipe, and who seemed glued to the
+spot--"I've usually a very fair appetite, and I am sure I will relish
+it."
+
+He tossed his hat down beside the chair which he drew up to the
+table.
+
+With the light falling full upon his dirty, insolent face, Rose knew
+that her greatest dread was before her. With her knees almost sinking
+under her, she started toward the stairs, for she felt that she must
+let the intrepid Cassie know, and find out what she advised.
+
+"Where are you going, my dear?" asked the tramp, suspiciously. "You've
+not got any big cousin or uncle or anything of that kind up-stairs
+that you are going to call to tea, have you?"
+
+"Oh, no, there is no one up-stairs but my poor sister," she managed to
+gasp. She could not have told why she said "poor sister," unless it
+was from the sense of calamity which had overtaken them all.
+
+"In that case be spry, for I'm hungry, and I want you to pour out my
+tea for me. I like to have a pretty face opposite me at table."
+
+Rose dragged herself up the narrow enclosed stairs and into Cassie's
+room.
+
+"Well, Rose, you _must_ be about tuckered out. You come up-stairs as
+if you were eighty," said Cassie, looking up from the shoe she was
+fastening. "Why, what ails you? You look as if you had seen a ghost!"
+
+"Oh, Cassie, there is one of them down-stairs!" came in a whisper.
+
+"What _do_ you mean, Rose Bostwick? A _ghost_ down-stairs!"
+
+"No--no--a tramp."
+
+"Whew!" and Cassie gave a low whistle. "And I suppose you're scared?"
+
+"Oh, Cassie, I feel as if I were choking! Do hurry down, he may be
+killing poor little Florence and the baby. What shall we do? The baby
+has told him we are all alone."
+
+"The baby ought to be soundly spanked for that."
+
+"What _can_ we do? Try to think."
+
+Cassie sat swinging the button-hook in her hand and thinking very hard
+and fast.
+
+"Does he know I'm here?"
+
+"Yes, I've told him."
+
+"Then it would be no use for me to pretend to be Ned," thinking
+aloud.
+
+"I'm afraid not."
+
+Another silence dedicated to thought.
+
+"Rose?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"I'm going to be crazy. I'm going to chase him off the farm."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, you _can't_! He's a great, big, impudent wretch. What
+folly to talk about chasing him off the farm!"
+
+"It's our only chance."
+
+"Don't count on me. _I_ can't help you. My teeth are chattering with
+terror, and my legs are doubling up under me this very minute. I
+couldn't help chase a fly."
+
+"You can scream, I s'pose?"
+
+"Oh, yes, I can do that."
+
+"Well, you do the screaming and I'll do the chasing. Rush down-stairs
+and scream and scream, and bang the door to, and just shriek: 'She's
+out--she's out--she's coming down stairs!' And you'll see what a
+perfectly beautiful lunatic I will be. It's a good thing I have this
+old dress on, and only one shoe. Now make a rush, and scream."
+
+Rose's over-strained nerves were her best allies, and as she flew down
+the stairs it was the easiest thing in the world for her to give one
+piercing shriek after another. They resounded from the narrow stairway
+through the kitchen, and for the moment seemed to paralyze its
+inmates. As she burst in upon them, Florence was transfixed midway of
+the table and the stove with the platter of ham in her hands, the baby
+had climbed upon a chair, and the tramp had arisen with a bewildered
+air from the table. As her skirts cleared the door, she turned and
+dashed it shut, and flung herself against it, shrieking, "She's
+out--she's out of her room!"
+
+To the mystified Florence there came but one solution to her
+behavior--fright had overthrown her sister's reason, and with a wail
+she rushed toward her, crying, "She's crazy! Oh, she's crazy!"
+
+"Who's crazy?" yelled the tramp.
+
+The baby, now wildly terrified, set up a loud weeping, while from the
+stairway came a succession of blows and angry demands that the door be
+opened. A moment later it was forced ajar, and a head crowned with a
+mass of tossed hair was thrust out and quickly followed by a hand in
+which was clutched a gun.
+
+"She's got the gun! Oh, Florence, run to the baby!" cried Rose.
+
+"Who's that?" demanded the apparition, making a rush toward the
+tramp.
+
+"Here, keep off! Leave me alone!" backing away and warding off an
+expected blow.
+
+She stood before him, tall, strong, and agile.
+
+"I won't leave you alone. What do you mean by locking me in that room?
+I'm no more crazy than you are. What's this?" as she stumbled over the
+hat which the tramp had put beside the chair, and into which he had
+deposited the silver spoons from the table. "Oh, I see, you are all in
+league to rob me of my gold and precious stones!" and catching the hat
+up on the muzzle of the gun she gave it a whirl which sent the spoons
+glittering in every direction; then, advancing upon him, she thrust
+hat and gun into the face of the horrified man. With a volley of oaths
+he sprang backwards, upsetting his chair and falling over it.
+
+"Oh, don't kill him, Cassie! don't kill him!"
+
+"We'll have a merry time," gaily dancing about him and prodding him
+sharply with the gun, as he tried to scramble to his feet.
+
+"Keep off with that gun, can't you!" he yelled. "Can't you hold her,
+you screaming idiots?" and half crawling, half pushed, he gained the
+kitchen door, which had stood partly open since he had entered.
+
+"Where are you going, my pretty maid? Don't you try to get away,"
+shouted Cassie, as she lilted lightly after him. The tramp stayed not
+to answer her question nor to obey her command, but clearing the door
+fled wildly away through the dusk.
+
+"Here's your hat; I'll fire it after you," she called, and a sharp
+report rang out on the quiet evening air, then all was still.
+
+The three girls stood for a moment in the door, watching the dim
+outline fleeing across the meadow in the direction of the highway.
+
+"He'll think twice before inviting himself to supper another time,"
+quietly remarked Cassie with a satisfied smile.
+
+"Oh, Cassie, darling, you have saved our lives," cried Florence,
+flinging her arms around her sister.
+
+"I don't know about that; but I've saved the spoons, anyway."
+
+"There, there, baby," going to the still afflicted boy; "don't cry any
+more. Sister Cassie was just making a dirty old tramp hop; she didn't
+really shoot him, she was just playing shoot."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, you splendid, brave girl! How _did_ you ever happen to
+think to go crazy?" asked Rose, as she looked over her shoulder from
+the door which she was barricading.
+
+"Well, I knew something had to be done, and that just popped into my
+mind. I was doing 'Ophelia' the other day up in my room, so I was in
+practice; and didn't I make a sweetly pensive maniac? Now I hope you
+girls will never again make disrespectful comments upon any little
+private theatricals of mine. If I had never cultivated my dramatic
+talents, what would have become of you, I'd like to know?"
+
+It was some time before the tidal wave of excitement subsided
+sufficiently for the girls to settle down for the evening, or for the
+baby to go to sleep. Again and again they thought they heard
+footsteps, and, although the door was locked and double-locked, they
+drew up into battle line whenever the autumn wind shook down a shower
+of leaves upon the roof.
+
+Just as the clock was on the stroke of eight, a pleasant sound came
+fitfully to them. It was a softly whistled tune, and the cheery
+cadence told of a mind free from unpleasant doubts of welcome.
+
+"Surely that can't be Ned back already; he wasn't to start home until
+nine," said Rose, going to the window and cautiously peeping from
+under the curtain.
+
+"Right you are there, sister Rose," assented Cassie. "It surely can't
+be, especially as Ned could no more whistle 'Marching through Georgia'
+than you could have done the marching. It sounds uncommonly like young
+Farmer Dunscomb's whistle to me."
+
+"Well, whoever it is, I am deeply thankful that somebody besides a
+tramp is coming," interrupted Florence.
+
+"And so am I," demurely agreed Rose. "Do go to the door, Cassie, and
+peep out, and make sure that it isn't that dreadful creature coming
+back."
+
+"Are you a dreadful creature coming to murder us all?" demanded Cassie
+of the whistler, setting the door slightly ajar, and thrusting her
+head out.
+
+"Well, I don't go round giving myself out as a dreadful creature,"
+responded a jolly voice from the porch. "Hello! What's this I'm
+breaking my neck over?" as the owner of the voice tripped upon an old
+slouch hat.
+
+"Bring that article of wearing apparel to me, if you please,"
+requested Cassie as she opened the door, letting a flood of light out
+upon the visitor. "That is a little token of remembrance which I wish
+to keep. There!" holding the hat out at arm's length, "I have long
+wanted a gilt toasting-fork or rolling-pin, or something artistic, for
+my room; now I shall embroider these shot-holes and gild the brim and
+hang it up by long blue ribbons, just where my waking orbs can rest
+upon it as they open in the morning. Ah, this hat will ever have
+stirring memories for me, friend George," eying the young man
+dramatically.
+
+He looked at her a moment, then burst into a hearty laugh. "Is she
+crazy, Rose?"
+
+"Yes, she's the dearest and bravest lunatic in the world, George,"
+answered Rose.
+
+
+
+
+SURRENDER.
+
+BY GERTRUDE HALL.
+
+
+  Then lead me, Friend. Here is my hand,
+    Not in dumb resignation lent,
+  Because thee one cannot withstand--
+    In love, Lord, with complete consent.
+
+  Lead--and I, not as one born blind
+    Obeys in sheer necessity,
+  But one with muffled eyes designed,
+    Will blindly trust myself to thee.
+
+  Lead.--Though the road thou mak'st me tread
+    Bring sweat of anguish to my brow,
+  And on the flints my track be red,
+    I will not murmur--it is thou.
+
+  Lead.--If we come to the cliff's crest,
+    And I hear deep below--oh, deep!--
+  The torrent's roar, and "Leap!" thou sayst,
+    I will not question--I will leap.
+
+
+
+
+"HUMAN DOCUMENTS."
+
+  "_For of the soule the bodie forme doth take,
+  For soule is forme and doth the bodie make._"
+
+  --From "An Hymne in Honour of Beautie."--SPENSER.
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
+
+WILLIAM II., EMPEROR OF GERMANY, was born January 27, 1859, and
+received an education chiefly at home, under the supervision of his
+parents, his tutors, and his military instructors. On March 9, 1888,
+his grandfather, the first emperor, died. On June 15 of the same year
+Emperor Frederick also died, and William II. succeeded. After spending
+some time in personally visiting the courts of European sovereigns,
+the young emperor took a decisive step towards his future standing as
+a leader in European politics, by severing relations with his
+grandfather's right-hand man, Prince Bismarck. From that time, he has
+himself been the most prominent and dominating figure in the
+administration of Germany's affairs. He has, without regard to
+imperial precedent, personally connected himself with such questions
+as concern the population of the whole world, notably the Socialistic
+and Labor problems. He has made himself, also, a master of the
+smallest details concerning the government of his people, and even of
+his household. As yet without experience of actual warfare, he is an
+alert and constant inspector of both his army and navy, and, in his
+determined enforcement of the "Army Bill," has given evidence of his
+desire to uphold Germany as a military power second to none. With the
+exception of slight colonial difficulties in Samoa and Africa, he has
+had as yet no foreign trouble to contend with. He is a close student
+and an eager inquirer; he is a good shot, a skilled horseman, and
+interested in all forms of sport.
+
+EUGENE FIELD, poet and journalist, was born in St. Louis in 1850, but
+spent the greater part of his youth in Massachusetts. He was educated
+at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, and the State University at
+Columbia, Missouri. After a visit to Europe, he commenced work as a
+journalist on the "St. Louis Journal." From that time to the present
+he has been continually connected with the western newspaper press of
+America, having occupied editorial positions in St. Joseph, Kansas
+City, and Denver, and finally on the Chicago "News." His humorous and
+satirical studies in that newspaper have made him widely known, and
+his occasional verses have become very popular. His best work has been
+published in book form under the titles: "A Little Book of Western
+Verse," "A Second Book of Verse," and "A Little Book of Profitable
+Tales." (See "Dialogue between Eugene Field and Hamlin Garland," in
+the August number of MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE.)
+
+COLONEL ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, President of the Pope Manufacturing
+Company, was born in Boston in 1843. He received an ordinary
+public-school education, and at nineteen years of age entered the
+Union army as a volunteer, with the appointment of second lieutenant
+in the 35th Massachusetts Infantry, serving with distinction, and
+being gazetted lieutenant-colonel "for gallant conduct in the battles
+of Knoxville, Poplar Springs Church, and front of Petersburg." At the
+close of the war he commenced business in Boston, and, becoming
+interested in the development of the bicycle, he began to introduce
+the machines into the United States, commencing the manufacture of
+them in 1878. The Pope Manufacturing Company are the proprietors of
+the "Columbia" bicycle, and their works are among the largest of the
+kind in the world. Colonel Pope has taken an active interest in
+affairs of public moment both in his native State and throughout the
+country, notably so in the movement for establishing better roads, and
+in the welfare and education of factory employees.
+
+
+EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY.
+
+_Born January 27, 1859._
+
+[Illustration: AGE 10. 1869. PRINCE WILLIAM OF PRUSSIA, YOUNGEST
+LIEUTENANT IN THE ARMY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 25. 1884. PRINCE WILLIAM, COLONEL OF INFANTRY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 15. 1874. STUDENT AT CASSEL.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 20. 1879. PRINCE WILLIAM, PREMIER LIEUTENANT.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 29. CROWN PRINCE OF PRUSSIA, IN THE UNIFORM OF A
+COLONEL OF HUSSARS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 29. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, KING OF PRUSSIA, IN
+THE UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 33. DECEMBER, 1892. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, IN THE
+UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS OF THE ROYAL BODY GUARD.]
+
+
+EUGENE FIELD.
+
+_Born in St. Louis, 1850._
+
+[Illustration: AGE SIX MONTHS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 12.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 20.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 23.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 30.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 34.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 42.]
+
+
+COLONEL ALBERT A. POPE.
+
+_Born in Boston, 1843._
+
+[Illustration: AGE 7.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 15.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 19. 1862. LIEUTENANT IN THE 35TH MASSACHUSETTS
+INFANTRY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 27.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 48.]
+
+
+
+
+DREAMS GO BY CONTRARIES.
+
+BY GEORGE H. JESSOP.
+
+
+"I don't want to hurry any one," remarked our host, shaking the ashes
+out of a well-blackened meerschaum, "but we have a long day before us
+to-morrow, and if any one wants any sleep this is the time to take
+it."
+
+No response from any one of the half-dozen men lounging in the snug
+armchairs of that most perfectly appointed smoking-room.
+
+"I don't mind," said Sir Alan. "Two or three hours in bed are enough
+for me at any time. Please pass the spirit case, Jones. I wonder
+you're not sleepy, Tom Everton. You used always to be in bed by eleven
+when you had an early morning in prospect, but I suppose matrimony has
+cured you of that along with other failings."
+
+"Tom says he isn't going," some one remarked.
+
+"Not going! Pooh, nonsense! I thought he'd made up his mind to bring
+down a hart royal, at least, or leave his bones on Balmaquidder
+Brae."
+
+Mr. Everton looked decidedly uncomfortable.
+
+"I--I should like to try of all things," he stammered, "but--well--I
+won't--at least I think--I--I shan't go with you to-morrow--that is,
+if Sir Alan will excuse me."
+
+"Please yourself and you'll please me," replied the hospitable
+baronet; "but if it isn't any secret I'd like to know what has made
+you change your mind so suddenly."
+
+"He promised Mrs. Everton he wouldn't go," broke in the previous
+speaker. "She dreamed a dream, and, like Pharaoh's chief baker, she
+thought there was something in it."
+
+"Do be quiet, Jones," interrupted Everton, irritably. "My wife had a
+rather odd dream last night, and she's a bit nervous, you know,
+and--well, after all, it's not much to give up one day's
+deer-stalking, if any one's going to make herself miserable over it."
+
+We all knew each other pretty well, this little circle of guests
+collected by Sir Alan to help him to shoot his Scotch mountain, and
+very free and outspoken was the "chaff" that flew around poor Tom
+Everton's devoted head. He bore it with great good-humor for some
+time, till Jones made a rather uncalled-for remark involving questions
+of free will and "petticoat government." Then Tom flared up.
+
+"I don't stay at home because I'm afraid of anything, but simply
+because I have promised. My wife dreamed that I went out with this
+party, and it grew late without any of us coming back. Then she
+thought she saw me lying face down in the Balmaquidder, and she seemed
+to know I was dead. I don't remember the details, but I know she
+worked herself up into a shocking nervous state about it till I
+promised not to go. Of course it's all nonsense, I know that, but what
+can I do?"
+
+"Do as you promised!" It was Colonel Eyre's deep voice that uttered
+the words, and we all glanced round at the speaker. He had remained
+silent during the badinage occasioned by Everton's determination,
+sitting with his tumbler of Scotch whiskey-and-water in front of him,
+puffing away silently at the short brier-root, whose bowl scarcely
+cleared the sweep of his heavy, grizzled mustache. He was holding the
+pipe in his hand now, sitting erect and speaking with unmistakable
+earnestness of manner. "Do as you promised, and don't be too sure it's
+all nonsense, either. I have known cases in which men have lived to be
+very thankful that they yielded to a presentiment."
+
+"But this was a dream, colonel," broke in the irrepressible Jones.
+
+"Dream be it, then! Stay at home, Everton. As you say, it's not much
+to miss a day's shooting. And if you neglect this warning the chances
+are you may never live to regret it." The speaker took a sip from the
+tumbler in front of him, replaced his pipe between his lips, and
+leaned back as if the subject were at an end.
+
+But the colonel, an Indian officer of many years' service, was
+popularly supposed to have led a life of adventure, and to have
+figured in more than one story whose exciting incidents could well
+bear repetition. As a rule, he was a taciturn man, and it was by no
+means easy to "set him talking," as the story goes. The present seemed
+an opportunity too good to be lost, and several voices demanded the
+experience by whose authority he had spoken so decidedly.
+
+"Well, yes," said Colonel Eyre slowly, "I have seen a presentiment
+very remarkably fulfilled. I am not much of a hand at yarning, but, if
+you wish, I have no objection to give you a leaf out of my own book,
+if it's only that you may leave my friend Tom here in peace to follow
+his own course, without badgering him about it. Yes, I mean you, Mr.
+Jones," he went on, impaling that helpless youngster with a glance
+that sent him nervously to the spirit case, while the rest of us
+settled ourselves comfortably to listen, and Sir Alan, with a "Fire
+ahead, colonel," drew his chair forward into a better position.
+
+"It was a good while after the breaking of the monsoon in '68," began
+the colonel, slowly; "the weather was cool and pleasant enough, so
+that, on the face of it, it seemed no great hardship when I was
+ordered to take a detachment down to Sumbalpar. I was stationed at
+Raipur at the time, in the Orissa district, and word came of some
+trouble with the Zemindars above Sumbalpar. The only thing that seemed
+inconvenient was the suddenness of the order. It was just 'Fall in and
+march out' without delay of an hour. I was a young married man in
+those days, pretty much in the position of my friend Tom Everton, with
+a wife of two years and a bit of a baby a few months old. It wasn't
+pleasant to leave them behind me in a place like Raipur, and, of
+course, it was out of the question to start them at an hour's notice.
+I spoke to my bearer, Josein, one of the best native servants I ever
+saw, and directed him to make arrangements for an early march on the
+following morning. He was to see my family driven quietly over to
+Sumbalpar in the tonga. They were to travel by easy stages under the
+charge of a careful bilewallah. If there are any 'griffs' in this
+company, I may explain for their benefit that a tonga is a kind of
+bullock wagon, and a bilewallah is the driver of the same. Well, I had
+just time for a few words of comfort and farewell--Tom will appreciate
+all that--before I rode out of Raipur at the head of my column. We
+camped that night in the jungle, after a march of about twenty miles,
+and it was under canvas that I was visited with the dream or
+presentiment, or whatever you choose to call it, that gives such point
+as it may possess to this old-time yarn of mine."
+
+The colonel paused to refill his glass, but every one's interest was
+now awakened, and no one broke the momentary silence that ensued.
+
+"It was pretty late before I fell asleep," resumed Colonel Eyre,
+setting down his tumbler, "and it was still dark when I awoke, or
+seemed to awake, with my wife's voice ringing in my ears--a shriek of
+agony that made me start up from my pillow and listen breathlessly.
+There was a lantern burning in my tent--I had left it so when I lay
+down--and by the glimmer of light I saw a large, dark mass spread
+itself between me and the canvas roof and gradually settle down on my
+head. I did not know what it was--it was vague and formless in
+outline--but I had a consciousness that it was something of a
+dangerous nature--something that threatened my life--and I struggled
+to throw myself to one side or the other. In vain. I could not move
+hand or foot. I lay as if chained to the bed, and still the dark mass
+descended, shutting out light and air and seeming to suffocate me."
+
+"Nightmare!" remarked Sir Alan.
+
+"Very possibly," returned the colonel. "Suddenly, just as I gave
+myself up for lost, and sank back on the pillow exhausted, I heard my
+wife's voice again, this time clear and articulate. 'Save yourself,
+Gerald,' it cried. 'Make one more effort for my sake.' I glanced up at
+the threatening outline, nerving myself for a final struggle. It was
+no longer formless; its approach had ceased to be slow. Swift as the
+swoop of a falcon it descended upon me--the immense body of a tiger on
+the spring--its cruel jaws agape, its enormous paws with every claw
+unsheathed, and its hot, fetid breath on my very brow!"
+
+"A decidedly uncomfortable dream," observed Jones.
+
+"Of course all this passed in one-tenth of the time I take to tell it.
+I rolled out from under the hungry jaws, and just as I reached the
+ground I heard the angry growl of the baffled monster, followed by a
+shattering roar loud enough to waken the Seven Sleepers. As my senses
+came back to me, I found myself lying half on the ground, half on my
+low camp bed, my body bathed in perspiration, and trembling in every
+limb. Just then my batman put his head inside the tent-flap and asked
+me if I had heard the roar, adding that there was a tiger in the camp.
+I pulled on my clothes, and I could hear the men walking about among
+the tents, searching and whispering--but no trace of a tiger could we
+discover."
+
+"Then it was a real tiger?" inquired Tom.
+
+"It would seem so, as the whole camp had heard the roar as well as
+myself. However, it was almost morning by this time, and as every one
+was afoot and moments were precious I gave orders to push on at once.
+A hurried chota hazree was quickly prepared and despatched, and by the
+time the sun rose we were fairly on our way, with a good prospect of
+reaching Sumbalpar before nightfall. I couldn't shake off the
+impression of the dream, however, try as I would. Besides, some
+natives who had come in before we broke camp told us of a man-eater
+which had been infesting the district. A tiger that has once tasted
+human flesh, as you may have heard, is never content with beef or
+venison afterwards, and they sometimes make themselves the terror of a
+whole country-side before they are shot. What with the vague
+misgivings suggested by my dream, and the tangible danger of the
+man-eater, I found myself growing more and more uneasy with every mile
+we marched. Finally, I determined to turn back and meet my wife. I was
+well mounted, and I believed I could gallop to the rear, assure myself
+that all was well with her, and pick up my command again before it
+reached Sumbalpar. I left the detachment in charge of a sergeant--poor
+old Busbee, he died of jungle fever that same year--and rode back as
+fast as King Tom, a very speedy chestnut, could lay leg to ground. I
+passed the spot where we had spent the night, and kept on several
+miles beyond without seeing anything to cause uneasiness. My fears
+were beginning to disperse, and common sense made itself heard. I
+realized that I might find it very difficult to give a satisfactory
+explanation of my absence if the men reached Sumbalpar without
+me--they do not pay much attention to dreams at headquarters. This
+view of the case became more impressive with each mile I rode, and I
+determined that if the next turn in the path did not bring my family
+into view, or show me some other good reason for pushing on, I would
+turn back and rejoin my command. Thus resolved, I cantered forward,
+swung round the tangled angle of brush that limited my view, and
+saw----"
+
+Here the colonel stopped for another sip of whiskey-and-water.
+
+"What did you see?" cried Sir Alan. "Your wife?"
+
+"Yes, sir, I saw her. She was sitting with the baby in her lap in the
+tonga--pale--I have never seen such an expression of strained terror
+on any human countenance. The bilewallah was in front, trying to keep
+the bullocks, which seemed almost frantic with fear, to the path. I
+knew the man well--one of the best hands with a team at the
+station--but just then his face was so distorted with fright that I
+hardly recognized him. You know that lilac-grayish tinge a native's
+face gets when he is scared almost to death----"
+
+"I know, I know," broke in Sir Alan. "But what was the matter--what
+was frightening them? Could you see anything?"
+
+"Indeed I could," replied the colonel. "Cause enough they had; not
+five yards behind them trotted the largest tiger it has ever been my
+fortune to see."
+
+Various exclamations testified to the completeness of the surprise to
+which Colonel Eyre had treated his audience.
+
+"Was it a man-eater?" I asked.
+
+"At first I supposed it was, but if it had been I never should have
+seen them alive. After I shot the beast----"
+
+"Oh, you did shoot him?"
+
+"Don't ask me how! I am counted a fair shot--I was far better then;
+but when I levelled my rifle at that brute's heart, when I realized
+how much hung on the result--for if I had missed, or if I had merely
+wounded him, he would have been in the tonga at a single spring, and
+nothing under heaven itself could have saved those dearest to me from
+a horrible death--when I realized all this, I don't know how I found
+the nerve to pull the trigger. I suppose I knew it was the only
+chance. My appearance had enraged the animal and he was just preparing
+to spring. This I do know, and I'm not ashamed to own it: when I saw
+that I had laid the tiger out with a single shot--a thing that doesn't
+happen twice in a lifetime--I fell flat beside the tonga in the act of
+helping my wife down; for the first and last time in my life I
+fainted.
+
+"Yes, it was a pretty hard trial on the nerves," resumed the
+colonel, as our discussion of the situation sank into silence, "but
+nothing to what my wife had gone through. That tiger had followed
+them for more than four miles through the jungle. The bilewallah,
+with rare presence of mind, had managed to keep the bullocks to their
+steady jog-trot--any increase of pace or appearance of flight would
+have provoked a spring. She, poor woman, had succeeded in hushing
+her baby, for had the child cried, nothing is surer than that the
+sound would have led to an attack. It must have been an awful four
+miles for her. It was years before she recovered from the effect."
+
+"And why did not the tiger attack them?" inquired Jones. "Does any one
+know?"
+
+"The animal was doubtless waiting to kill them till they got into the
+vicinity of water," explained Colonel Eyre. "Tigers often do that with
+cattle and other large quarry. There was water a mile or less further
+on. I had noticed it myself in passing. If I had not come upon the
+ground, another ten minutes would have sealed their fate."
+
+"So it may fairly be said that your dream was the means of saving
+their lives," observed Tom Everton, who, although the most silent, had
+not been the least attentive of the listeners.
+
+"I think we may fairly admit so much," replied Colonel Eyre. "If it
+had not been for my dream, I do not think the report of the man-eater
+would have brought me back. On the other hand, but for hearing about
+the man-eater and actually being awakened by the roar of a tiger, I am
+not sure that the dream would have had weight enough with me to induce
+me to leave a detachment on the march--a serious thing, gentlemen, as
+some of you who are soldiers know well enough."
+
+"It's a very curious circumstance, certainly," observed Sir Alan; and
+then there was a pause.
+
+"But see here, colonel," Tom broke in again, "the dream, if a warning
+at all, was a warning of danger to you, yourself, and though you
+certainly heard Mrs. Eyre's voice calling to you, yet it was urging
+you to save yourself, and not summoning you to her assistance."
+
+"That is very true, and it puzzled me at the time. But, as I argued,
+it is wonderful enough to get a warning of danger in the future at
+all; you must not expect to have it spelled out to you in large print.
+Now, as to this dream of Mrs. Everton's--it prefigures danger to you,
+as I understand?"
+
+"You must go to Mrs. Everton herself for the details. All that I
+remember is that she saw me lying drowned in the Balmaquidder, and
+read the vision as a warning that some accident would befall me if I
+joined the shooting-party to-morrow. But, by the light of your
+experience, it would seem the danger is to her, not to me."
+
+"I'm not quite so sure of that," returned the colonel, thoughtfully.
+
+"Well, I think there can be no question that your dream saved your
+wife's life," observed Jones, upon whose scepticism the colonel's
+narrative had made some impression.
+
+"No question at all," rejoined that officer, rising, "and therefore,
+young man, pay attention to dreams, whether they be your own or those
+of your better half, which should be, _a fortiori_, better and more
+reliable than your own. Good-night, gentlemen. It's past one o'clock,
+and we have an early start before us."
+
+In ten minutes more silence and darkness reigned in the smoking-room
+of Balmaquidder Lodge.
+
+Next morning the men of the party were up and stirring betimes. As I
+left my bedroom, candle in hand, I heard voices proceeding from the
+apartment occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Everton. "Ah, ha," thought I,
+"Tom's curtain lecture is not over yet." However, our friend's absence
+was forgotten in the enjoyment of a substantial Highland breakfast,
+and by the time the sun asserted his power against the mist we were
+bravely breasting a steep mountain side, spurred on by the hope of a
+good day's sport.
+
+Only one incident occurred at our start. Sir Alan was setting his face
+against a steep brae when he was stopped by the bare-legged gillie
+who acted as our guide. "Dinna gae yon gait, Sir Alan. We must win
+ower by the brig below."
+
+"Can't we get across by the stepping-stones at the ford?" inquired our
+host, impatiently. "The bridge is a mile of a round."
+
+"I dinna ken that the stanes'll be ower muckle safe, Sir Alan, forbye
+ye canna see them at a' wi' the white water swirling ower them, and
+the pool maybe ten feet deep close in under them. We mought win ower
+recht enoo, an' again we mought na--ye ken----"
+
+"Yes, I ken," interrupted Sir Alan. "We'll go round by the bridge,
+gentlemen. There's a flood in the river, it appears--a cheerful habit
+the Balmaquidder has when you least want it or expect it."
+
+By the bridge accordingly we went, and when I saw the brown water
+whirling down in swift eddies I was thankful that we had not attempted
+the stepping-stones.
+
+It was evening, and fast growing dark, when we reached the glen on our
+return, wet, tired, and hungry, but thoroughly satisfied with the
+day's result. We were stepping out briskly, for we knew we were close
+to home, when a big mountain hawk swooped right in front of us. Jones,
+who had not drawn the cartridge from his rifle, let fly on the
+instant, without remembering how small was his chance with a bullet at
+quarry on the wing. We were amusing ourselves chaffing Jones as the
+bird flew off untouched when Colonel Eyre, who was a few steps to the
+rear, pulled up short and raised his hand to signal for silence.
+
+We all heard it then--a shrill, lamentable voice ringing sharply from
+the hillside; there was no mistaking the purport of that appeal, it
+was a cry for help. But the mist was beginning to settle and the echo
+baffled us. For a moment we looked blankly at each other and around,
+not knowing whither to turn.
+
+Again the cry, "Help, help, help!" with a note of agony in it that
+stirred the blood like a trumpet. "God guide us--'tis at the foord
+above you," cried the gillie, and, tired as we were, none of us were
+far behind him when he reached the stepping-stones.
+
+They were hidden by a mass of swirling, broken water, but just below
+them lay the pool of which the guide had spoken--calm by comparison
+with the ford, but agitated nevertheless with a swift current that
+flashed between steep banks faced with granite; as ugly a place for an
+accident as might be found in the whole length of the brawling
+Balmaquidder.
+
+And an accident had happened, plainly enough. On one of the granite
+boulders knelt Mrs. Everton, leaning back with all her might against
+the drag of a plaid, one end of which she held, while the other was
+lost in the black shadows of the pool.
+
+She heard our footsteps as we ran up, but did not turn her head.
+"Help, help!" she cried again. "I can't hold on much longer, and
+he--oh----"
+
+She broke off with a sob, as strong hands relieved her of the
+extemporized life-line, and Colonel Eyre, bending forward, peered down
+into the obscurity of the pool. I was one of those who had grasped the
+shore end of the plaid, and the strain told me that whoever was below
+still maintained his grasp. "Can you hold on another moment?" asked
+the colonel; then, without waiting for a reply, "Cling close for dear
+life. Now, boys, gently does it. A steady, slow pull--no jerking;" and
+in another moment the dripping, half-senseless form of Tom Everton was
+drawn out on the bank, his drowning grip of the plaid still
+unloosened, and laid beside the fainting form of his wife.
+
+"It was this way," Tom explained some hours later, when we were all
+assembled for our usual smoking-room symposium. "I dare say I was
+pretty cross all day, thinking of the sport you fellows were having,
+and all I was missing, and towards evening my wife suggested that we
+should walk out and try to meet you. We kept along the river up to
+the stepping-stones, but the crossing there looked so bad that my wife
+would not hear of my attempting it. I did not think it so very
+dangerous, but I dare say I'd have let her have her own way----"
+
+"As you usually do," interjected Jones.
+
+"----when all of a sudden I heard a shot close by on the other side.
+Then I started over at once. I've been across the ford a dozen times,
+but before I had taken three steps I found the stream was too strong
+for me. I tried to turn back, but the current seemed to whirl me right
+off my feet; I went sliding over the slippery stones, and in two
+seconds I was soused well over my head into the pool below, and
+spinning round like a troll in a brook. I tried to grasp hold of
+something on the bank, but that was the only result"--showing his
+lacerated hands--"and I think I must have been very close to kingdom
+come, when something or another flapped in my face. I clutched it and
+hung on like grim death; it was Jenny's plaid, which she had the
+presence of mind to fling me and the pluck and strength to hold on to
+till you came to help. God bless her, I say"--Tom's voice faltered a
+little--"she's a wife to be proud of; and the next time she has a
+dream and wants me to stay at home, she shan't have to ask me twice."
+
+"Oh, by the by, the dream!" broke in Sir Alan. "Is this accident to
+Tom to be regarded as the fulfilment of his wife's dream or not?"
+
+"Mrs. Everton's dream was a warning," said the colonel. "I should say
+that, having profited by the warning----"
+
+"But stay," I argued, "did she profit by the warning? She persuaded
+her husband to stay at home. Now, if he had gone with us he would have
+crossed by the bridge and been as safe as any of us. The dream did not
+save him. On the contrary, it very nearly drowned him."
+
+"She acted for the best, and all's well that ends well," replied the
+colonel. "Look at my dream, now. If I had not gone to my wife's help
+and shot that tiger I should never have seen her again. No, no, as I
+said before, you can't expect these warnings to be printed out in big
+type. You must just take them as they come, and chance your reading
+them aright."
+
+"And come within an ace of drowning yourself, or some one else,"
+interjected Jones.
+
+"It only bears out the old saying that 'Dreams go by contraries,'" I
+remarked. "Still, these are a very remarkable pair of coincidences."
+
+"Here's my view," said Sir Alan. "Eat light suppers, go to bed
+healthily tired, and you won't dream at all; or, if you must, forget
+all about it as soon as possible. You can torture a warning out of
+almost anything, and make yourself wretched trying to find out where
+the hidden danger is, and very likely rush right into it, as Everton
+did, trying to avoid it. Half the time dreams do go by contraries, and
+it's dangerous meddling with what we don't understand."
+
+And by the time the spirit case had completed its next round, we all
+agreed with Sir Alan.
+
+
+
+
+THE TABLES TURNED.
+
+BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.
+
+
+  Up! up, my friend! and quit your books,
+    Or surely you'll grow double;
+  Up! up, my friend! and clear your looks;
+    Why all this toil and trouble?
+
+  The sun, above the mountain's head,
+    A freshening lustre mellow
+  Through all the long, green fields has spread,
+    His first sweet evening yellow.
+
+  Books! 'tis a dull and endless strife;
+    Come, hear the woodland linnet--
+  How sweet his music! on my life,
+    There's more of wisdom in it!
+
+  And hark! how blithe the throstle sings!
+    He, too, is no mean preacher;
+  Come forth into the light of things--
+    Let Nature be your teacher.
+
+  She has a world of ready wealth,
+    Our minds and hearts to bless;
+  Spontaneous wisdom breathed by health,
+    Truth breathed by cheerfulness.
+
+  One impulse from a vernal wood
+    May teach you more of man,
+  Of moral evil and of good,
+    Than all the sages can.
+
+  Sweet is the lore which Nature brings;
+    Our meddling intellect
+  Misshapes the beauteous forms of things--
+    We murder to dissect.
+
+  Enough of Science and of Art;
+    Close up those barren leaves;
+  Come forth, and bring with you a heart
+    That watches and receives.
+
+
+
+
+PASTEUR AT HOME.
+
+WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORK DONE AT THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE IN PARIS.
+
+BY IDA M. TARBELL.
+
+
+"Institut Pasteur." The coachman nodded. The cab door slammed. The
+vehicle rattled across the Seine, left the grand boulevards, passed
+the garden of the Luxembourg, and fell into a long, narrow street
+running off into the southwestern corner of Paris. The high, dignified
+house-fronts and the stately portals were soon passed; busy little
+shops took their place. We were in an industrial quarter whose
+commonplace was only varied here and there by a fine old _hotel_, the
+country house of some rich proprietor, probably, in the days, not so
+very long ago, when all this portion of the city was without the
+walls, and when an industrial invasion was undreamed of.
+
+The cab left the Rue Vaugirard, crossed a superb boulevard, entered
+the Rue Dutot, and stopped. Behind a long, high, black _grille_, and
+separated from it by a hedge of shrubbery, a grass plot, and a broad
+gravelled drive-way, rose a red-brick, stone-trimmed facade. Across
+the front, above the handsome doorway, one read _Institut Pasteur_;
+and, still higher, _Subscription Publique, MDCCCLXXXVIII_.
+
+On the grass plot in front of the stately marble steps stood a small
+bronze statue mounted on a high granite pedestal. It represented a boy
+of twelve or fourteen years in a life-and-death struggle with a mad
+dog. He has succeeded in fastening about the neck of the furious
+animal the thong of a long whip. He is strangling him. Beside the boy,
+or the ground, is a wooden shoe. With it he will beat the beast to
+death. The statue tells the story of one of the earliest subjects
+treated by M. Pasteur for hydrophobia, Jean-Baptiste Jupille, a
+shepherd lad, who, seeing a group of children attacked by a mad dog,
+throttled the animal and beat it dead with his _sabot_. He carried
+away a dozen or more bites from the conflict, was sent to Paris,
+inoculated, and cured. A fitting subject to place before the doorway
+of the Pasteur Institute!
+
+[Illustration: THE STATUE OF JUPILLE.]
+
+Statue, facade and lawn are new. The bricks have not yet lost their
+glare. One can almost see the dust still on the stone. The bronze has
+not lost its fresh lustre. Even the lawn has the unevenness of new
+sod, the horse-chestnut trees are small, the ivy has not had time to
+climb far up the walls.
+
+Everything is still and sealed in front, but to the right, from the
+_concierge's_ lodge back to a solid, practical, dark stone building
+in the rear of the main hall, is a throng of idle people, chatting in
+clusters, sunning themselves on the benches, walking up and down. It
+is a strikingly cosmopolitan company. There are Arabs in red, brown,
+blue, or white; Italian women in aprons and lace head-dresses; Spanish
+peasants in dark cloaks and broad-brimmed hats; Yankees, Zouaves,
+Russians. The low babel of a multitude of tongues fills the air.
+
+One only brushes the edge of this crowd as he makes his way to the
+doorway in the end of the main building, the entrance to the private
+apartment of M. Pasteur.
+
+Narrow winding stairs lead up to a suite of lofty rooms, furnished
+with solid, dignified woods, carpeted with soft, dark rugs, windows
+and doors hung with heavy stuffs. The immediate impression is one of
+comfort, warmth and quiet. The impression deepens as one enters the
+library, where, before a desk, sits the great French savant, Madame
+Pasteur near by. There is something home-like here. This might be the
+sitting-room of some well-to-do New England squire or judge.
+Involuntarily one searches in the face of the eminent savant, eying
+him so keenly and so kindly, for traces of relationship with the
+Puritan type. There is the same square determination, the same
+obstinacy of purpose, the same direct sincerity; but it is mellowed by
+Latin tenderness, kindled by French brilliancy.
+
+This is a great man, one feels instinctively--a man so great that he
+despises notoriety--and a journalist. It is reassuring.
+
+[Illustration: THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE.]
+
+The great master does not look to be seventy years of age as he sits
+behind his desk, his elbow on the table, his hand supporting his head.
+His hair and beard are still iron-gray; the hair is concealed largely
+by the silk skullcap he always wears, but the beard is abundant. The
+eyes are as penetrating, as full of ardor, as ever. It is only when he
+speaks or moves that one sees the ravages of the paralysis which
+overtook him twenty-five years ago, after his terrible three years of
+labor in the little house at Alais, investigating the disease of the
+silk-worm. The whole left side has been since then nearly useless. His
+speech is hesitating, his motion difficult, but in spite of his
+feebleness he spares no pains to interest his guest. One talks with M.
+Pasteur with the ease and naturalness of the fireside.
+
+"Look at my birthplace," he says, rising, and taking from the mantel
+a photograph of the humble home at Dole, Jura, where he was born. "My
+village gave it to me at my _fete_."
+
+I happen to know the story of the picture, and examine it with
+pleasure. There was, indeed, no more touching feature in the great
+Pasteur jubilee of last December than the presentation of this
+photograph by the Mayor of Dole.
+
+The little village has always had a loyal pride in the fact that M.
+Pasteur was born there. Ten years ago it celebrated the French Fourth
+of July (July 14) by placing a plaque on the facade of the house,
+bearing the inscription:
+
+                       ICI EST NE LOUIS PASTEUR,
+                           LE 22 DEC., 1822.
+
+M. Pasteur was present and made a speech. In the course of it he
+referred to his parents, their ambition for him, their self-sacrifice,
+their faith in him. He recalled his father's words: "Louis, if I see
+you one day a professor in the college of Arbois I shall be the
+happiest man on earth." Overpowered by his recollections, he broke
+down, sobbing.
+
+The villagers of Dole have never forgotten the scene. When the great
+Pasteur jubilee was celebrated they sent up their mayor, commissioned
+to present the picture of the early home, together with a facsimile of
+the register of M. Pasteur's birth. That they were not mistaken in
+thinking that he would be pleased, it is easy to see as he stands
+before me, eying the humble house with tender pride.
+
+[Illustration: THE LODGE.]
+
+"Have you no picture of yourself taken in your boyhood at Dole?"
+
+"No," he answered. "The earliest picture I have is much later. Let me
+see, I must have been decorated then. Where is the old album?"
+
+The album is brought, a small square book, looking as if it had just
+come off the table in the best room of a New England farm-house. There
+is the same high-relief decoration, the same gilt lines edging the
+photograph apertures. And these people? Verily, they might have lived
+in New England forty years ago!
+
+M. Pasteur turns the leaves. Madame Pasteur leans over his shoulder.
+They stop now and then and exchange a smile as they come upon an old
+friend. At last the sought-for photograph is found. M. Pasteur at
+thirty--a great man already, for already he has made discoveries in
+crystallography which have won him a name among scientists.
+
+The plans for investigation which filled the head of the young man who
+sits up so straight in the old photograph were never completed. The
+enthusiastic student of crystallography was forced to change the
+subject of his studies. Even now the great savant laments the change.
+
+"If I have a regret," he says, "it is that I did not follow that
+route, less rude, it seems to me, and which would have led, I am
+convinced, to wonderful discoveries. A sudden turn threw me into the
+study of fermentations, fermentations set me at diseases, but I am
+still inconsolable to think that I have never had time to go back to
+my old subject."
+
+Beside the hero of the studies in crystallography M. Pasteur places
+his latest picture. It lacks in youthfulness, but it has gained in
+ripeness. This photograph has much of the vigor and the alertness one
+sees in the splendid bust by Paul Dubois displayed in the Salon of
+1880, and now in a gallery at Copenhagen. This bust is the most
+satisfactory portrait of M. Pasteur ever made, unless it be the
+painting by Edelfelt displayed in the Salon of 1886. In the same Salon
+appeared Bonnat's portrait of M. Pasteur and his granddaughter.
+
+[Illustration: M. PASTEUR IN HIS SALON.]
+
+As I look at M. Pasteur in his library, however, I see only the
+old model of Bonnat. I have difficulty in believing, indeed, as I
+watch him bending smilingly over the old album, now and then
+laughing aloud at the discovery of some forgotten picture, that
+this man, over fifty years ago, for the sake of an education, made
+himself a jack-of-all-trades in the college of Besancon, and was
+aroused every morning at four o'clock with the night-watchman's cry:
+"_Come, Pasteur, chase the demon of laziness._" It is difficult to
+picture him in the intoxication of scientific enthusiasm and
+discovery, sacrificing health, leisure, pleasure, to the passion of
+learning which had taken possession of him.
+
+He is so gentle, it seems incredible that he has had to meet coldness,
+contempt, opposition of every species, in his life; that, when he
+asked the most modest of appropriations from the government, he met
+the contemptuous reply that "there was no rubric in the budget for
+allowing three hundred dollars a year for experiments;" that for every
+step in his discoveries he has had literally to fight, contending with
+Pouchet and Joly on the subject of spontaneous generation, with Liebig
+on fermentations, with the Germans and Italians on the attenuation of
+virus, with the popular opinion of his own compatriots when he dared
+vaccinate for hydrophobia, and when his supporters dared erect the
+present Institute to facilitate his work.
+
+One cannot picture him _tete-a-tete_ with mad dogs. It is hard to
+believe him capable of that astonishing self-mastery which made him
+withhold for months, and sometimes even years, the results of
+incomplete investigations, and of the equal hardihood which, when he
+was convinced of a truth, led him to accept the most severe and most
+public tests of its exactness.
+
+I make an attempt to find the scientist and venture a question.
+
+"Oh," says M. Pasteur, "if you want to know that, you must go and see
+M. Roux. You will find him in the laboratory."
+
+We rise and go into the long hall. At the opposite end from the
+library two large doors open into the spacious vestibule which
+occupies the centre of the main building.
+
+"You can go out by the main hall and directly into the laboratory, or
+down the private stairs." I hesitated. No, I would not spoil my
+impression of M. Pasteur at home. I would keep laboratory and home
+separate. I descended to the private entrance, and, as I went down,
+two kindly faces looked over at me, and the gentle, hesitating voice
+of the great savant said:
+
+"Take care, it is dark. Don't slip. Take care." On the last step I
+stopped and looked up. The two friendly faces were still looking
+down.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOUSE AT DOLE, WHERE M. PASTEUR WAS BORN.]
+
+I had come to see the destroyer of the theory of spontaneous
+generation, the demonstrator of the microbe origin of disease, the
+conqueror of hydrophobia. I had found something greater, perhaps, than
+them all--a perfectly gentle soul.
+
+
+IN M. PASTEUR'S WORKSHOP.
+
+I crossed the lawn and entered a large waiting-room occupying the
+middle of the building devoted to laboratory work. The room is flooded
+with light, seated with benches, and decorated with no other ornaments
+than a series of photographs of the Pasteur Institute at Rio
+Janeiro, two great maps on which are marked the cities where
+institutions similar to this at Paris are to be found, and cards
+containing certain rules applicable to patients coming for treatment
+against hydrophobia. Among these latter the important ones are that
+the treatment is gratuitous, that each patient must bathe before
+coming for inoculation, that board and lodging are not furnished, and
+that the grateful may, if they wish, leave a gift at the end of
+their term of treatment.
+
+There were sixty or seventy persons in the room. They had come to be
+vaccinated against hydrophobia. They were of the greatest contrast in
+age, in condition, in culture. Beside a shrivelled, leather-brown Arab
+woman from the desert was a pink and white little miss from London. A
+young man with the refined face, correct dress and distinguished
+manners of a gentleman sat beside a huge and none-too-clean German
+laborer. As a rule, it was a friendly, cheerful company. It was only
+here and there that one saw a person who seemed conscious that in his
+veins a hideous poison was at work. Most of them took it for granted
+that their cure was certain. Some of them scoffed at the nonsense of
+going to the trouble of being vaccinated.
+
+A dignified liveried servant entered, calling "Attention." The company
+bestirred itself and disappeared. I made my way to the inoculating
+room.
+
+The operation of inoculating for hydrophobia is founded on the theory
+that if an "attenuated" microbe, that is a microbe so treated that its
+power of doing harm has been reduced to a low degree, is introduced
+into a body, it will produce an indisposition which is not itself
+serious, but which is sufficient to render the body proof against
+attacks of the original microbe.
+
+Now M. Pasteur has discovered that it is possible to so treat a
+microbe that its power of evil is of any degree; that is, to "exalt"
+as well as to "attenuate" it. Having these microbes of varying
+strengths he invented a method of graduated vaccination; that is, by
+beginning with a virus of low degree, and increasing each day the
+strength of the virus, an operator arrives at a point where he can
+vaccinate a body with a virus stronger than there is any danger of its
+ever being exposed to in nature. He thus secures lasting immunity.
+
+Thus, in vaccinating against rabies, the patient is treated first with
+a weak virus; this is followed by one more powerful, and so on, until
+at the end a highly "exalted" one is injected safely.
+
+[Illustration: M. PASTEUR AT THIRTY.]
+
+It is this treatment which is practised daily at the Pasteur
+Institute, in the inoculation room where I found myself.
+
+Gathered in a kind of pen formed by a little fence were three members
+of the institution: a secretary, whose business it is to keep track of
+the number of persons to be treated with each particular virus; an
+assistant, who has prepared the virus for the day's use; twelve small
+wine glasses of cloudy liquid protected by small paper funnels; and,
+by a table, the inoculator. The roll was called and a half dozen men
+entered the room. They were to be inoculated with a virus of the
+lowest strength, most of them for the first time. They showed a
+bewildered and comic embarrassment as the attendant directed them to
+bare the hypogastrium. The embarrassment changed to a momentary look
+of distress as they felt their arms pinned behind their backs, and the
+sharp needle injected a syringeful of virus into the delicate flesh.
+The first class of men and boys passed out, and the women and little
+children entered. They were succeeded by a second class, and so on
+until all had been treated.
+
+The simplicity of the operation seemed out of proportion to the horror
+of the disease. I remembered the shrugs I had seen and the doubts I
+had heard expressed over the treatment. "It is not sure yet." "It does
+not always work; such-a-one died, you know." "They have not found the
+microbe either." My faith was shaking. Evidently I must see Doctor
+Roux.
+
+On the second floor of the building I found the office and private
+laboratory of the under-director of the Pasteur Institute, a man
+whose researches in connection with Pasteur, whose devotion in the
+cholera mission in Egypt in 1883, and whose independent investigations
+on diphtheria, have made him famous in the medical world. The office
+was small, and it had something of the attraction of a curio shop.
+There was none of the precision of the man of small affairs here. It
+was the confusion of the man of big affairs, who cannot endure to have
+his things meddled with. Over a table where culture tubes, blow-pipes,
+virus glasses and bottles filled with suspicious-looking fluids were
+scattered promiscuously around a valuable microscope, hung a gem of a
+painting--a dashing charge of cavalry. Beside a case of books, and
+partly concealing a fine portrait of Pasteur, hung the gray-white
+laboratory blouses of M. Roux. Under an exquisite etching askew in a
+corner stood a cage of brown-and-white guinea-pigs, martyrs to
+science, probably.
+
+[Illustration: AT THE JUBILEE OF M. PASTEUR. THE PRESIDENT OF THE
+REPUBLIC WELCOMING M. PASTEUR IN THE AMPHITHEATRE OF THE OLD SORBONNE.]
+
+Curiosity was cut short, for a quick step was heard in the outer room,
+and Doctor Roux entered. A slight figure, bent a little from a life
+spent over books, tubes and microscopes, but tingling to the
+finger-tips with nervous energy; a face a little pale, but fresh in
+color; brown hair and beard, glowing brown eyes, perhaps forty
+years--such is this eminent associate of Pasteur. As he runs over the
+pile of letters cut and awaiting him, he talks.
+
+"So you have just seen the inoculation? Do I believe it a sure cure?"
+The doctor lays down his letters as he repeats the latter question in
+an astonished tone. "Of course I do. There is nothing surer in medical
+science. Look at these figures." He rises and draws out from the midst
+of a pile of papers a big black _serviette_, fumbles for a moment
+among the documents it contains, and pulls out the latest report made
+by the Institute on the results of vaccination for hydrophobia, that
+for 1891.
+
+"Now listen to these figures. In 1886 the Pasteur made its first
+report: 2,671 persons were vaccinated that year against hydrophobia;
+25 of them died--.94 of one per cent. In 1887, 1,770 persons were
+treated; 13 died--.73 of one per cent. In 1888, 1,622 were treated; 9
+died--.55 of one per cent. In 1889, 1,830 were treated; 7 died--.38 of
+one per cent. In 1890, 1,540 were treated; 5 died--.32 of one per
+cent. In 1891, 1,559 were treated; 3 died--.19 of one per cent. You
+notice each year the per cent. of deaths has been lower. In the six
+years the treatment has been reported, we average just about one-half
+of one per cent of loss. Tell me where you find a treatment surer?"
+
+"But you have not found the microbe?"
+
+"Humph! that does not prevent the method working. It is aggravating
+not to have found him. It prevents, possibly, the simplification of
+the inoculation process. Nevertheless it works. So does vaccination
+for small-pox. We do not know the microbe of small-pox. There is much
+we do not know yet. Remember, too, that it was only in 1880 that M.
+Pasteur made up his mind to begin an exhaustive study of hydrophobia,
+and that all he foresaw at first was the possibility of vaccinating
+dogs against rabies, and that it was only in 1885 that the first
+person, little Joseph Meister, was inoculated, after a council of
+physicians had decided that his death was certain, and that his life
+was saved."
+
+
+PORTRAITS OF M. PASTEUR.
+
+[Illustration: BY LAFON.]
+
+[Illustration: BUST BY P. DUBOIS.]
+
+[Illustration: BY BONNAT.]
+
+[Illustration: BY A. EDELFALT.]
+
+The newness of the Pasteur doctrines and treatment is, indeed, one of
+the most striking things about the Institute. One rubs his eyes to
+remember that, thirteen years ago, very few people admitted the _role_
+of bacteria in the world, and that those who did admit their existence
+were very much at sea about what to do with them.
+
+The doctrine of microbe, the theory that ferments and virus are living
+beings, that a vaccine is an attenuated virus, that medicine is based
+on the artificial attenuation of virus--all this is now so widely
+received, is so thoroughly a part of popular belief, that one is
+bewildered in remembering that twelve years ago the general theory of
+disease was that it is "in us, from us, by us." Especially is all this
+astonishing, standing in the Pasteur Institute, the crystallization of
+the microbe doctrine.
+
+"Yes," continued Doctor Roux, "we have conquered hydrophobia; nothing
+is more certain."
+
+"And you hope to conquer other diseases in the same way?"
+
+The doctor made a fine nervous gesture. "In science one does not hope;
+one proves. In every thirty thousand experiments one succeeds. We
+study diseases here. Each physician has his special line of
+investigation. We hope for nothing. We simply report what we find."
+
+"But you yourself, Doctor Roux, have certainly hopes that diphtheria
+is almost conquered?"
+
+The doctor pursed up his mouth.
+
+"The investigations in diphtheria are in just this condition. We have
+proved at the Pasteur Institute" (Doctor Roux is modest and says 'we,'
+which means himself and his assistant, M. Versin) "that diphtheria is
+a toxic disease; that is, that it results from a poison. The microbe
+of diphtheria does not penetrate throughout the system as in the case
+of most other microbic diseases. It exists only in the mucus found on
+the pharynx. This microbe does not cause death, but it secretes a
+poison which penetrates throughout the body and kills. This being
+proved, of course the next step is to find what will destroy the
+poison.
+
+"Doctor Behring, working at Berlin, has found that the blood of
+animals vaccinated for diphtheria gives a therapeutic serum which
+destroys the diphtheric poison. We are now testing the practical value
+of the serum at the Institute. This is absolutely our 'last word' on
+diphtheria."
+
+"And as for cholera! What is the last word?"
+
+"The _bacillus virgula_ of Doctor Koch is believed, by the great
+majority of savants, to be the true cholera germ. We are trying
+here, as experimenters are trying elsewhere, to give immunity to
+animals against the microbe. It is absolutely all that one can say
+authoritatively on the cholera."
+
+"And the method of vaccination which Doctor Haffkine believes he has
+discovered?"
+
+"It has not been proved yet that it will give immunity. Until we have
+that proof we neither hope nor fear. We simply work and wait. Doctor
+Haffkine has, you know, severed his connection with the Pasteur
+Institute and gone to India to continue his researches."
+
+"But he has had faith enough in his method to try its effects on
+himself, has he not?"
+
+"Very true, and so have perhaps a hundred others tried its effects.
+But that proves nothing."
+
+There is a self-repression about these severe statements which has
+something of the heroic in it. Who would be so glad to announce
+absolute safeguards against diphtheria and cholera as this man who has
+risked his life to find them? Yet, until he is sure, he will not even
+say "hope."
+
+I remember the words of Pasteur himself: "To believe that one has
+found an important scientific fact, to be in a fever to announce it,
+to compel one's self for days, weeks, sometimes years, to be silent,
+to force one's self to destroy his own experiments and to announce
+nothing until he has exhausted all contrary hypotheses--that is
+hard."
+
+It is hard, but it is one of the strongest elements in the Pasteur
+spirit of scientific research. Evidently Doctor Roux has learned to
+practise it vigorously.
+
+"In the same way that we are investigating diphtheria and cholera,"
+continues the doctor, "we are studying other diseases. But one cannot
+get a fair idea of what the Pasteur Institute does by any other means
+than looking at its organizations. There is a great deal done here
+besides original investigation. In the first place, we are an
+absolutely independent and free institution. The money was given by
+popular subscription and without conditions.
+
+"The entire lower floor is devoted to practical work. There are
+performed the inoculations for hydrophobia on an average of some
+seventy a day. The practical department is not, however, confined to
+the treatment of hydrophobia. There are prepared the vaccines for all
+those diseases of animals which M. Pasteur has proved can be cured by
+inoculation, such as chicken cholera, splenic fever, and _rouget_ of
+swine.
+
+[Illustration: A GROUP OF PATIENTS.]
+
+"Quantities of virus are sold constantly to farmers for vaccinating
+their stock. It is these sales which help support the institution. It
+is an example of science living by science.
+
+"Here on this floor we do our instructing. In the lecture hall across
+the way M. Ducloux gives his lessons on microbic chemistry, studies
+the process of fermentation, microbic poisons, all phases, in short,
+of biological chemistry.
+
+"My work is lectures on, and experiments illustrating, the technique
+of the microbic method. Those who follow the courses are divided into
+two classes, students who simply follow the courses and repeat the
+experiments in the general laboratory, and the savants who conduct
+original researches here. The latter are furnished each with a private
+laboratory in the third story. Here for a merely nominal rent they can
+have the exclusive use of a laboratory furnished with all necessary
+apparatus, and can pursue whatever class of investigation pleases
+them."
+
+"And you have many students?"
+
+"We have always fifteen or twenty, and from all parts of the world.
+Look at my roll."
+
+The doctor rose and drew out from the mass of pamphlets and papers on
+his table a big roll-book.
+
+"I have the names of those who have taken my lectures. Here is an
+Egyptian, many Russians, a Turk, numbers from South America, from
+Canada, from the East, from everywhere. Let us look for your
+compatriots."
+
+Doctor Roux ran his finger down the pages. "Here is one, Doctor
+Orchinard of New Orleans. Here another, Doctor Tabadie of New York;
+and then there is Kenyoun of the United States Marine Service. But
+there have been more students in the institution from South America
+than from North.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBRARY.]
+
+"The department of original work is in the third story, and is under
+Doctor Metchnikoff, who is, you know, a Russian who has established
+himself here in order to devote himself to scientific investigation.
+Doctor Metchnikoff is aided by his wife, who acts as _preparateur_.
+She is an assistant of great skill and delicacy. He receives no salary
+for his labor. There are, in fact, three of the leading members of our
+faculty who receive no salary--M. Pasteur himself, M. Ducloux, and M.
+Metchnikoff. They have resigned the award they deserve because of our
+insufficient income."
+
+"But the common opinion is that you are rich here."
+
+"I know, but it is a mistake. The Pasteur Institute is very poorly
+endowed. Its yearly income is only about twenty-four thousand dollars.
+This revenue comes from three sources: the small appropriations made
+by the government, the income from the remnant of the private
+subscription with which it was built, and the product of the sales of
+vaccine. The fact that we can partly support ourselves," added the
+doctor, laughingly, "is the best proof one can have of the
+practicability of bacteriology.
+
+"The most surprising feature about it is, that in the case of almost
+every institution copied after us, and there are some eighteen or
+twenty of them in various parts of the world, the income is much
+larger than ours. At Berlin and St. Petersburg the incomes are four or
+five times as large as ours, and, excepting Berlin, we are the only
+Pasteur Institute doing practical work. It is the old story," said the
+doctor resignedly, "one sows and another reaps."
+
+[Illustration: M. ROUX.]
+
+There is certainly injustice and short-sightedness in such a state of
+things. The investigations of Pasteur have taken too heavy a bundle
+from the load of horrors which humanity carries, to be allowed to be
+limited for lack of money:
+
+Immunity from infectious diseases, and nothing else is the logical
+outcome of the Pasteur doctrines, means too much to make economy on
+the part of purse-holders excusable, when it is a question of funds
+for the investigations. When men like Doctor Roux and his associates,
+men trained in the severe Pasteur spirit and passionate for truth, are
+ready to sacrifice their lives to this work, overcoming the earth's
+plagues, money is the last thing they should be wanting. Especially is
+this true now, when the work on two of the most terrible scourges of
+humanity--diphtheria and cholera--stands at critical stages.
+
+There is something harshly ironical, too, in the idea that the
+institution of Louis Pasteur, whose discoveries have, declares
+Professor Huxley, made good the war indemnity of five thousand million
+francs paid by France to Germany, should be crippled for funds.
+
+The doctor's confidences were cut short by an imperative summons from
+without. I rose to go.
+
+"Take a stroll through the building," advised he as he said good-by. I
+followed his advice.
+
+[Illustration: DOSING THE VIRUS.]
+
+From the library one naturally passes to the laboratories. They open
+from the long halls in numbers. One wonders how so much room can be
+utilized, but none seems to be going to waste. In each some step of
+the microbic process is going on. Here is a doctor inoculating a
+rabbit with the poison of a mad dog sent to the Institute only the day
+before. The little animal lies on the table insensible, chloroformed,
+while with the sharp-toothed little trephine the operator makes a tiny
+hole in its skull, lays bare the brain, and inserts the virus. By the
+time the aperture is closed Brer Rabbit is sitting up, looking about,
+none the worse for his experience, save a bald spot on his forehead,
+a tiny tin tag covered with hieroglyphics hanging from his ear. Two
+minutes later he was nibbling a carrot; fifteen days later he died
+"mad as a March hare."
+
+It is not only rabbits which undergo this operation. Guinea-pigs,
+chickens, mice and rats are used in quantities. In the laboratory of
+autopsy there are to be seen aquariums filled with the dainty axolotl
+of Mexico, glasses of odd fish, even cages of birds.
+
+In another room an experimenter is dissecting a rabbit which has died
+of rabies, and from whose spinal cord he expects to get material for
+vaccinal virus.
+
+[Illustration: DR. METCHNIKOFF IN HIS LABORATORY.]
+
+In a small dark room, whose temperature is never allowed to vary,
+which is never swept nor dusted for fear of arousing tranquil
+microbes, and whose door is never opened except when absolutely
+necessary, are arranged rows of drying bottles, in which hang bits of
+the marrow. These bottles are marked with the degree of violence of
+the rabies from which the animal died, and with the date when the
+marrow was put up to dry.
+
+Here, attendants are preparing the veal broth and the gelatines in
+which the infected marrows will be cultivated.
+
+[Illustration: FILLING THE SYRINGES.]
+
+Thus as one goes from room to room he can follow the whole method of
+successive cultures, that method which is "the key-stone of the arch,
+and without which there could be no vigorous demonstration of the
+Pasteur method."
+
+On every hand one sees the interesting "ways of doing things" which
+characterize the Institute. Here, the cleaning of jars, syringes and
+tubes is going on; not a simple washing and drying. In the Pasteur
+household articles are sterilized as well as cleaned--that is, burned
+in the flames of a spirit lamp, or in an oven. There, a man is blowing
+bulbs, droll balloon pipettes, all the multitude of glass contrivances
+the laboratories demand. Here, under a microscope, an investigator has
+the diphtheria pest, an inoffensive speck; there, another has in his
+field a whole colony of lively little straight and bent sticks; it is
+a company of Doctor Koch's cholera microbes.
+
+Wherever one goes in the building there is a busy intentness, an
+absorption, an absolute blindness to everything but the work in hand,
+be it the contents of a culture tube, or the film on a microscope
+slide. One can easily believe of these workers the story told of M.
+Pasteur himself, that he had to be hunted up on his wedding morning
+and pulled away from his microscope, in order to be got into his
+dress-coat and gloves in time for the ceremony.
+
+Evidently, too, they have not forgotten the words their master spoke
+on the day of the inauguration of the Institute:
+
+"All the enthusiasm you have had since the beginning, my dear
+co-laborers, I beg of you to keep; but give it, as an inseparable
+companion, a severe control. Announce nothing that you cannot prove in
+a simple, decisive fashion.
+
+"Cultivate the critical spirit. Left to itself it neither awakens
+ideas nor stimulates to great deeds, but without it all is lost."
+
+As one goes from room to room, and talks with one and another of the
+busy, courteous savants, he realizes finally that it is here that
+Pasteur the scientist is to be found. The labors that made the great
+savant famous are all summed up here. Here his methods are at work,
+here is his spirit alive in the men who have best comprehended him,
+and whom he has been able most deeply to inspire. It is a great thing
+to achieve. It is a greater thing to inspire others to achieve. Louis
+Pasteur has done both.
+
+[Illustration: THE RABBITS' QUARTERS.]
+
+
+
+
+STRANGER THAN FICTION.
+
+HUGH BRONTE'S COURTSHIP. THE ELOPEMENT OF HUGH BRONTE AND ALICE MCCLORY.
+
+Unpublished Chapters from "The Brontes in Ireland."
+
+BY DOCTOR WILLIAM WRIGHT.
+
+  NOTE.--"The Brontes in Ireland" will be issued in book form by D.
+  Appleton & Co., after the serial publication is concluded in
+  MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+
+I. LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.
+
+The visit to McClory's in County Down was another momentous step in
+the life of Hugh Bronte. He had shaken off the nightmare of cruel
+slavery. His work, mostly in the open air, suited him. He was well
+paid, had good food and clothing, and in two years the starved and
+ragged boy had become a large, handsome, well-dressed man. Like most
+handsome people, Hugh knew that he was handsome, and the resources of
+Dundalk were taxed in those days to the utmost to set off to
+perfection his manly and stately figure.
+
+On Christmas Eve Hugh Bronte drove up furiously in a Newry gig to the
+house of McClory in Ballynaskeagh. He was a somewhat vain man, and
+fond of admiration, and, no doubt, as he approached McClory's thatched
+cottage, with his pockets full of money, and with the self-confidence
+which prosperity breeds, he meant to flutter the house with his
+greatness.
+
+But a surprise was in store for him. The cottage door was opened, in
+response to his somewhat boisterous knock, by a young woman of
+dazzling beauty. Hugh Bronte, previous to his flight, had seen few
+women except his Aunt Mary, and in the days of his freedom he had
+become acquainted only with lodging-house keepers and County Louth
+women who carried their fowl and eggs to Dundalk fairs and markets. He
+had scarcely ever seen a comely girl, and never in his life any one
+who had any attractions for him.
+
+The simply dressed, artless girl who opened the door was probably the
+prettiest girl in County Down at the time. The rector of Magherally,
+who married her, pronounced her the most beautiful woman he had ever
+seen. Her hair, which hung in a profusion of ringlets round her
+shoulders, was luminous gold. Her forehead was Parian marble. Her
+evenly set teeth were lustrous pearls, and the roses of health glowed
+on her cheeks. She had the long brown eyelashes that in Ireland so
+often accompany golden hair, and her deep brown eyes had the violet
+tint and melting expression which, in a diluted form, descended to her
+granddaughters, and made the plain and irregular faces of the Bronte
+girls really attractive. The eyes also contained the lambent fire that
+Mrs. Gaskell noticed in Charlotte's eyes, ready to flash indignation
+and scorn. She had a tall and stately figure, with head well poised
+above a graceful neck and well-formed bust; but she did not
+communicate these graces of form to her granddaughters. There are
+people still living who remember the stately old woman, "Alys Bronte,"
+as she was called by her neighbors in her old age.
+
+Hugh Bronte was completely unmanned by the radiant beauty of the
+simple country girl who stood before him. He stood awkwardly staring
+at her with his mouth open, working with his hat, and trying in vain
+to say something. At last he stammered out a question about Mr.
+McClory, and the girl, who was Alice McClory, told him that her
+brother would soon be home, and invited him into the house.
+
+He entered, blushing and feeling uncomfortable, but the unaffected
+simplicity of Alice McClory's manner soon put him at his ease, and
+before the brother Patrick, known afterwards as "Red Paddy," had
+returned home, he was madly and hopelessly in love with his sister.
+
+Like his son, the Reverend Patrick Bronte, in England, and like the
+Irish curate who proposed marriage to Charlotte on the strength of one
+night's acquaintance, Hugh, dazzled by beauty and blinded by love,
+declared his passion before he had discovered any signs of mutual
+liking, or had any evidence that his advances would be agreeable.
+
+Alice, in simple, but cold and business-like manner, told him that she
+did not yet know him; but that as he was a Protestant, and she a
+Catholic, there was an insuperable bar between them.
+
+Hugh urged that he himself had no religion, never having darkened a
+church door, and that he was quite willing to be anything she wished
+him to be.
+
+Alice met his earnest pleadings with playful sallies which
+disconcerted him, and little by little she led him to the story of his
+life, episodes of which she had heard from her brother. Pity melts the
+heart to love, and Alice was moved greatly by Hugh's simple
+narrative.
+
+
+II. PURE LOVE AND PARTY STRIFE.
+
+The Christmas holidays passed pleasantly under the hospitable roof of
+the McClory family. The chief amusement of the neighborhood was
+drinking in the shebeen, or local public house, but Hugh declined to
+accompany Paddy to the shebeen, preferring solitude with his sister.
+
+Before the holidays had come to a close, Hugh and Alice had become
+engaged, but the course of true love in their case was destined to the
+proverbial fate. All Miss McClory's friends were scandalized at the
+thought of her consenting to marry a Protestant.
+
+Religion, among Catholics and Orangemen, in those days, consisted
+largely of party hatred. He was a good Protestant who, sober as well
+as drunk, cursed the Pope, and on the 12th of July wore orange colors,
+and played with fife and drum a tune known as "The Battle of the
+Boyne." And he was a good Catholic who, in whatever condition, used
+equally emphatic language regarding King William. No more genuine
+expression of religious feeling was looked for on either side.
+
+There is a story told in the McClory district which illustrates the
+current religious sentiment. Two brother Orangemen, good men after
+their lights, had long been fast friends. They seldom missed an
+opportunity, in the presence of Catholics, of consigning the Pope to
+an uncomfortable place, to which he himself has been wont to consign
+heretics.
+
+It happened that one of the two Orangemen fell sick, and when he was
+at the point of death his friend became greatly concerned about his
+spiritual state, and visited him. He found him in an unconscious
+condition, and sinking fast; and putting his lips close to the ear of
+his sick friend, he asked him to give him a sign that he felt
+spiritually happy. The dying man, with a last supreme effort, raised
+his voice above a whisper, and in the venerable and well-known formula
+cursed the Pope. His friend was comforted, believing that all was
+well.
+
+Whether this gruesome story be true or not, it goes to illustrate the
+fact that blasphemous bigotry had largely usurped the place of
+religion. But bitter party feeling did not end with mere words. Bloody
+battles between Orangemen and Catholics were periodically fought on
+the 12th of July, the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, and on
+the 17th of March, Saint Patrick's day. Within six miles of McClory's
+house more than a dozen pitched battles were fought, sometimes with
+scythes tied on poles, and sometimes with firearms. One of these
+murderous onsets, known as the battle of Ballynafern, took place
+within sight of McClory's house.
+
+At Dolly's Brae a battle was fought in 1849, in presence of a large
+body of troops, who remained neutral spectators of the conflict till
+the Catholics fled, and then joined with the victors in firing on the
+flying foe.
+
+The scenes of these struggles, such as Tillyorier, Katesbridge,
+Hilltown, The Diamond, etc., are classic spots now. Each has had its
+poet, and ballads are sung to celebrate the prowess of the victors,
+who were uniformly the Orangemen, inasmuch as they used firearms,
+while the Catholics generally fought with pikes and scythes.
+
+Hugh Bronte had not yet discovered the deep and wide gulf that yawned
+between Protestants and Catholics, and so he made light of the
+religious objections of which he had heard so much from Alice. But the
+Catholic friends of Miss McClory, who had heard the Pope cursed by
+Protestant lips almost every day of their lives, could not stand by
+and see a Catholic lamb removed into the Protestant shambles. They
+came to look on Bronte as a Protestant emissary, more influenced by a
+fiendish desire to plunder the Catholic fold than by love for their
+beautiful relative.
+
+Hugh Bronte, in his eager simplicity, wanted to supersede all
+opposition by getting married immediately, but so great a commotion
+ensued that he had to return to the kilns at Mount Pleasant, leaving
+his matrimonial prospects in a very unsatisfactory condition.
+
+Troops of relatives invaded the McClory house daily, and ardent
+Catholics tried in vain to argue down Alice McClory's newly kindled
+love. All the Roman Catholic neighbors joined in giving copious
+advice, and little was talked of in fairs and markets, and at chapel,
+but the proposed marriage of Alice McClory with an unknown Protestant
+heretic.
+
+The priest, also, as family friend, was drawn into the matter. In
+those days Irish priests were educated in France or Italy, and were
+generally men of culture and refinement. Their horizon had been
+widened. They had come in contact with the language, literature, and
+social habits of other peoples, and they had become courteous men of
+the world. They had to some extent got out of touch with the fierce
+fanaticism of party strife.
+
+The priest called on Miss McClory. Everybody knew that he had, and
+awaited the result; but Alice's beauty and simplicity and tears made
+such an impression on the kind-hearted old priest that his chivalrous
+instinct was aroused, and he was almost won to the lady's side. The
+centre of the agitation then shifted from McClory's cottage to the
+priest's manse, and so hot was the anger of the infuriated Catholics
+that the good-natured priest promised, sorely against his will, that
+he would not consent to marry the pair.
+
+Hugh Bronte was nominally a Protestant, but he had not been in a
+church of any kind from the time he was five years of age. He had
+received no religious instruction. He could not read the Bible for
+himself, and no one had ever read it to him, and he was as innocent of
+any religious bias or bigotry as a savage in Central Africa. Suddenly
+he found himself the central figure in a fierce religious drama.
+
+At first he was greatly amused, and laughed at the very suggestion of
+his religion being considered a stumbling-block. From the time he left
+his father's house he had seldom heard the divine name except in some
+form of malediction, and religion had brought no consolation to his
+hard life. He had never presumed to think that he had any relationship
+to the church, its priests were so gorgeous, and its people so
+well-to-do. Gallagher had made him familiar with the dread powers of
+the infernal world, and with the "Blessed Virgin and the saints" in
+their malevolent capacity, but the malignant hypocrisy of Gallagher
+was quite as repulsive to him as the vindictive blasphemy of his
+uncle. In fact, he had lived in an atmosphere untouched by the light
+or warmth of religion.
+
+Hugh's bondage and suffering had made him neither cringing nor cruel,
+and his freedom had come in time to permit the full development of a
+large and generous heart in a robust and healthy body. In his
+simplicity of heart he prevailed on Alice to invite her friends to
+meet him. He would soon remove their dislike with regard to his
+religion. Under the impulse of his enthusiasm he thought he could
+disarm prejudice by a frank and open avowal of his absolute
+indifference to all religions.
+
+Nothing, perhaps, in the whole history of the Brontes exceeded in
+interest that meeting. A dozen wily Ulster Catholics gathered round
+simple-hearted Hugh Bronte in Paddy McClory's kitchen. How the Orange
+champions would have trembled for the Protestant cause if they had
+been aware of Hugh's danger!
+
+The preliminary salutations over, a black bottle was produced, and a
+glass of whiskey handed round. Hugh had never learned to drink
+whiskey, and, at that time, detested the very smell of it. His refusal
+to drink with McClory's friends was a first ground of offence, but the
+whiskey had not yet brought the drinkers into the quarrelsome mood.
+
+When several bottles of McClory's whiskey had been drunk, and the
+temperature of the guests had risen, the religious question was
+approached. Bronte was urged, in peremptory tones, to abjure
+Protestantism. He had his answer ready. He was no more a Protestant
+than they were, and he had no Protestantism to abjure. "Will you then
+curse King William?" said a fiery little man, who had taken much
+liquor, and seemed to be the spokesman of the party.
+
+There is a principle in human nature which has been taken far too
+little account of by both philosophers and peasants. It has been the
+dominant principle in many of the important decisions that have sealed
+the fate of nations as well as of individuals. The principle is
+expressed by a word which is always pronounced in one way by the
+cultured, and in quite a different way by the unlettered. The word in
+its illiterate use is "contr_air_yness," and but for the principle
+expressed by this word the Bronte girls would never have made their
+mark in literature, and this history would never have been written.
+
+"Curse King William," shouted the fiery little man, supported by a
+hoarse shout from the other half-tipsy guests, all of whom had turned
+fierce and glaring eyes on the supposed Protestant.
+
+"I cannot curse King William," replied Hugh, smiling. "He never did me
+any harm; besides, he is beyond the region of my blessings and
+cursings. But," added he, warming with his subject, "I should not mind
+cursing the Pope, if he is the author of your fierce and besotted
+religion."
+
+Alice first saw the danger, and uttered a sharp cry. Suddenly the
+family party sprang upon Hugh, as the ambushed Philistines once flung
+themselves on Samson, but he shook them off, and left them sprawling
+on the floor. Alice drew him from the house, bleeding and disheveled,
+and after a tender parting in the grove beside the stream, he started
+on foot for Mount Pleasant.
+
+Two immediate results followed that conflict. Hugh Bronte became a
+furious Protestant and a frantic lover. There was no lukewarmness or
+indifference as to his Protestantism. The Bronte _contrairyness_ had
+met the kind of opposition to give it a stubborn set, and he there and
+then became a Protestant, double-dyed, in the warp and in the woof.
+The process of his conversion, such as it was, was prompt, decisive,
+effectual. It was somewhat orange in hue and militant in fibre, and
+was a genuine product of the times.
+
+Hugh's love for Alice was fanned into a fierce flame by the events of
+that night. When he first met her he had been dazzled by her rare
+beauty. He had seen few women, and never one like Alice. For the first
+time he had come under the spell of a simple but beautiful girl. They
+were young, shy lovers; very happy in each other's company, but each
+sufficiently self-possessed to be happy enough in self.
+
+From the crucible of contradiction on that night the jewel love had
+leaped forth. Each was drawn out from the self-centre in which each
+had been concentrated in self; he to declare his love in the face of
+relentless foes, and she to cling to him, and protect him, when
+bruised and torn by her friends. Beneath the pines, that night, they
+pledged, with mingling tears, undying love. They parted, but their
+hearts were one; and persecution, poverty and bereavement only welded
+them more closely together in the changing years.
+
+
+III. LOVE'S SUBTERFUGES.
+
+Hugh returned to the Mount Pleasant kilns, but his heart was no longer
+in his work. The burning of lime requires incessant care. The
+limestones must be broken to a proper size, layers of coal in due
+proportion must be added, and there must be constant watchfulness lest
+the fires should die out. Farmers' sons and servants started generally
+from County Down about midnight, and after traveling all night arrived
+at the kilns for their loads about dawn. A badly burnt kiln of lime
+was a grave loss to the owners, as well as a serious disappointment to
+the customers, and likely to result in loss of custom.
+
+There were many complaints as to the character of the lime immediately
+after Christmas, and the farmers on several occasions found, on
+slaking their loads at home, that only the surface of the stones was
+burnt, and that they had paid for, and imported, heaps of raw
+limestone.
+
+Hugh's thoughts were not in his business. He had made several Sunday
+journeys to Ballynaskeagh, to have secret meetings with Alice. They
+met in the grove by the brook, in a spot still pointed out as the
+"Lovers' Arbor" or "Courting Bower," and there, under willows
+festooned with ivy and honeysuckle and sweetbriers, they spent lonely
+but happy Sundays.
+
+They were at last betrayed by a Catholic servant who had been
+intrusted with a message to Alice. Then began a system of espionage
+and petty persecution, and all the forces of the McClory clan were
+united in an effort to compel Alice to marry a Catholic neighbor,
+called Joe Burns.
+
+At this time Hugh began to learn to read and write, and he succeeded
+so far, by the light from the eye of the kiln at night, as to be able
+to write love letters which Alice was able to read. He also, about the
+same time, succeeded in spelling his way through the New Testament.
+
+Like many other professions, a lime-kiln is a jealous mistress, and
+requires constant attentions. Young Bronte brought to it a divided
+mind, and gave it the second place in his thoughts. He was constantly
+leaving the kilns in the care of a companion on Saturday evenings and
+making long journeys to see Alice, returning on Monday morning, after
+a fatiguing night's journey. At first his companions did all they
+could to make up for his absence and absent-mindedness; but a change
+came, and they did their best to throw the light of exaggeration on
+his deficiencies.
+
+News had reached them from the North that he was a Protestant
+firebrand, that he had cursed the Pope, and made a savage attack on
+some harmless Catholics. At the kilns his manner had changed, and he
+had become moody and morose. Besides, he was constantly reading a
+little book by the light of the burning lime at night, instead of
+telling stories and singing songs, as in former times. The book was
+said to be the Bible, but it was in fact a New Testament that he was
+learning to read.
+
+A plot was immediately hatched to get rid of so dangerous a colleague.
+One of the Catholics undertook, as usual, to look after the kilns
+while he made an expedition to County Down; but he not only failed to
+charge the kilns properly, but he sent for the owner on Monday morning
+early, that he might see for himself the condition of things. The
+northern carts arrived by dawn, to find that there was nothing for
+them but unburnt lime. While the matter was being explained Hugh
+arrived, haggard and weary after his night's journey, and was
+peremptorily dismissed, without any explanation from either side being
+tendered or accepted.
+
+I have no record of Hugh's proceedings immediately after his
+dismissal, but he must have been reduced to considerable straits, for
+he went to the hiring ground in Newry, and engaged himself, as a
+common servant-boy, to a farmer who resided in Donoughmore. As a farm
+laborer in those days he would receive about six pounds per annum,
+with board and lodging; but then he was near his Alice, and that made
+every burden light.
+
+Hugh's new master, James Harshaw, was not an ordinary farmer. The
+Harshaws had occupied the farm from early in the fifteenth century,
+and James, who had received the education of a gentleman, had behind
+him the traditions of an old and respectable family. In the Harshaw
+home shrewd and steady industry was brightened by culture and
+refinement. The wheel of fortune had brought Hugh Bronte into a family
+where mental alacrity had full play.
+
+Bronte seems to have been treated with consideration and kindness by
+the Harshaws, who probably recognized in him something superior to the
+ordinary farm servant. At any rate, in those days the walls of class
+distinction were not raised so high as they are now, and the Harshaw
+children taught him to read.
+
+Hugh was much with the family. He drove them to Donoughmore
+Presbyterian Meeting House on Sundays, and sat with them in their pew,
+and he accompanied them to rustic singing parties, and such local
+gatherings. He used also to drive them in the summer time to
+Warrenpoint and Newcastle, and other watering-places, and remain with
+them as their attendant.
+
+In such treatment of a servant there was nothing unusual, and Mr. John
+Harshaw, the present proprietor of the ancestral home, has no very
+decisive information regarding this particular servant. He says, "The
+probability is that Hugh Bronte hired with my grandfather, whose land
+touched the Lough, but I fear it is too true that he passed through my
+grandfather's service and left no permanent record behind him."[1]
+
+I think it is more than probable that Bronte repaid his young masters
+and mistresses for their teaching, by telling them stories. Under
+Harshaw's roof he found not only work and shelter, but a home and
+comfort, and it is inconceivable that under those circumstances he
+allowed the gift that was in him, of charming by vivid narration, to
+lie dormant.
+
+As long as he lived he spoke of the Harshaws with gratitude and
+affection, and I do not believe he could have been so glad and happy
+without contributing to the general enjoyment.
+
+In the latter part of last century, the _raconteur_ occupied the place
+in Ireland now taken by the modern novelist, and I believe Hugh Bronte
+dropped doctrines into the minds of the young Harshaws which produced
+far-reaching results. Such was the fixed conviction of my old teacher,
+the Reverend W. McAllister.
+
+It happened that the Martins, another ancient family, lived quite near
+to the Harshaws. The land of the two families enclosed Loughorne
+round. The Martins were rich and slightly aristocratic, but the two
+families were thrown much together, and Samuel Martin, the son of the
+one house, married Jane Harshaw, the daughter of the other.
+
+She was a deeply religious and resolute woman, with a stern sense of
+duty. One of her nephews tells me she always conducted family worship
+after the death of her husband. She died of a fever, caught while
+ministering to the dying, in accordance with her high sense of
+Christian duty. Her life was given for others, and, at her funeral,
+the Reverend S. J. Moore said: "She was a woman who knew her duty and
+did it."
+
+Her second son, John Martin, inherited his mother's great mental
+capacity and strong sense of duty. At school, in Newry, he met young
+John Mitchel, and inspired him with something of his own enthusiasm,
+and the two youths came to the conclusion that it was their duty to
+put right Ireland's wrongs. John Mitchel was sent to penal servitude
+for fifteen or twenty years, and then John Martin stepped into the
+place vacated by his friend, and was transported to Van Diemen's Land
+for ten years.
+
+The conviction of "honest John Martin" gave a blow to the old system
+in Ireland from which it has never recovered. Even his enemies were
+shocked at the ferocity of the sentence; but then he had written a
+pamphlet under the text: "_Your land, strangers devour it in your
+presence, and it is desolate._" (Isaiah, i. 7.) He had proclaimed from
+the housetops Hugh Bronte's tenant-right doctrines, of which more
+anon. He had attacked the sacred rights of landlordism, and he was
+sent to a safe and distant place for quite a different offence, called
+treason felony.
+
+John Martin was a man of large property, but he devoted his life and
+all his income to what he considered the good of others.
+
+He had taken his B.A. degree at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied
+medicine, and for many years he gave advice and medicine gratuitously
+to all who came to him. The poor were passionately attached to him.
+
+I remember seeing him and speaking to him once, after he had received
+a free pardon, and become a member of parliament. No one could have
+looked on the great, capacious head, and the handsome, benevolent
+face, without questioning the system that had no better use for such a
+man than sending him to rot in penal servitude. Lord Palmerston beheld
+the ex-convict with profound admiration, and expressed deep sympathy
+with him as the victim of a bad system.
+
+John Martin preached and suffered for the very doctrines that Hugh
+Bronte enunciated with such passionate conviction. Where did he get
+those doctrines? I have a profound belief, though I have no positive
+proofs, that John Martin's beliefs and principles grew from seeds sown
+by Hugh Bronte, the servant boy. In this belief the Reverend W.
+McAllister and the Reverend David McKee shared, or, rather, my faith
+has grown from their convictions.
+
+Jane Harshaw, however she got them, carried the doctrines into the
+Martin family. They mingled with and strengthened her strong sense
+of duty, and they added passion to her lust after justice and the
+thing that was right. With her son John, the feeling of obligation
+to break the ban of Ireland's curse became irresistible. He was
+dowered with an inexhaustible grace of pity for all sufferers, and the
+impulse to redress the wrongs of the oppressed overpowered him and
+led him to acts of impatience and imprudence, which gave his
+cool-headed enemies the opportunity they were ready enough to
+embrace. But the revolutionary doctrines for which John Martin
+suffered came from the same seed that produced Charlotte Bronte's
+radical sentiments, and it is interesting to note that in both cases
+the seed produced its fruit about the same period (1847-1848).
+
+I must now leave these historical speculations, however plausible and
+probable they may be, and return to the direct narration of known
+facts.
+
+Hugh Bronte had disappeared forever from the Mount Pleasant kilns.
+Those who had plotted his dismissal exaggerated every foible of his
+life, and invented others, after he was gone, until, by a spiteful
+blending of fact and fancy, they made him into a monster.
+
+The farmers' sons and servants who carted lime from Mount Pleasant to
+County Down brought with them wonderful tales of his misdeeds and
+disgrace. And Alice McClory's guardians believed that he had
+disappeared forever into the distant South, from whence he had
+emerged. They never suspected that he was actually living in their
+neighborhood, and that he and Alice had met at Warrenpoint, Newcastle,
+and elsewhere.
+
+  [1] As we shall see, the parish records of Hugh's marriage and
+      Patrick's baptism are both lost, and though Patrick was
+      schoolmaster in Glascar Presbyterian school, and in Drumgooland
+      Episcopalian school, he has left no permanent record behind him
+      in either place. Records in those days were ill-kept.
+
+
+IV. THE ELOPEMENT.
+
+Under restraint, Alice had drooped and pined, but now that Bronte had
+left the country she was permitted to ride about the neighborhood
+quite alone. She enjoyed horse exercise greatly, but no matter in what
+direction she left home her way lay always through Loughorne. Perhaps
+the roads were better in that direction, but she always exchanged
+salutations with a handsome working-man, by the expanse of water in
+Loughorne. When he was not about she used very humanely to take her
+horse down to the lake to drink, and from a hole in an old tree she
+used to remove a scrap of paper, leaving something instead. The tree
+used to be pointed out as "Bronte's post-box," but the lake has
+recently been drained, and the trees have, I believe, disappeared.
+
+Everything that could be done was done, to please Miss McClory, but no
+opportunity was missed to further Farmer Burns's suit. He was a
+prosperous man. He had a good farm, a good house, plenty of horses and
+cows, and was a very desirable husband for Alice. He was also a
+Catholic. Bronte had shown that he did not care for her by going away,
+and never thinking of her more. The priest joined with Alice's female
+friends in pleading for Burns. At length, by incessant perseverance,
+they prevailed on her to consent to marry Burns, and forget Bronte.
+The incessant drip had made an impression at last, and the crafty
+relatives had gained their end.
+
+There was joy in the Catholic camp when it was publicly announced that
+Miss McClory and Mr. Burns were soon to be married. McClory's house
+was thatched anew, and whitewashed and renovated throughout. The roses
+were nailed up around the windows; the street was strewn with fresh
+sand; new window-blinds and bed-curtains were provided, and pots and
+pans were burnished. Never before had McClory's house been subjected
+to such an outburst of sweeping and brushing and washing and scouring;
+the whole place became redolent of potash and suds. It was spring
+cleaning _in excelsis_.
+
+The local dressmaker, Annie McCabe, whose granddaughter, of the same
+name, is now dressmaker in the same place, assisted by Miss
+McClory's female relatives, was busily engaged on the bridal dress.
+Burns used to look in daily on the incessant preparations, his
+countenance beaming with joy, but Alice would not permit him to
+destroy the pleasures of imagination by approaching near to her. She
+would lift her finger coyly, and warn him off, if he presumed on any
+familiarities, but she allowed him to sit on the other side of the
+fire from that graced by herself.
+
+At length the wedding-day arrived. Such signs of feasting had never
+before been seen in Ballynaskeagh. New loaves had been procured from
+Newry, fresh beef from Rathfriland, whiskey from Banbridge. A great
+pudding, composed of flour and potatoes, and boiled for many hours
+over a slow fire, with hot coals on the lid of the oven, had been
+prepared. Two of the largest turkeys had been boiled, and laid out on
+great dishes with an abundant coating of melted butter, and a huge
+roll of roasted beef was served up as a burnt offering. Signs of
+abundance stood on table and dresser and hob, while rows of bottles
+peeped from behind the window-curtains; and neither envy nor spite
+could say that Red Paddy McClory was not providing a splendid wedding
+for his sister. The morning rose glorious, and, as the custom then
+was, Burns and his friends, mounted on their best horses, raced to the
+house of the bride "_for the broth_," first in being the winner. On
+such occasions crowds of neighbors crowned the hilltops. The cavalcade
+was greeted with ringing cheers, as it swept in a cloud of dust down
+the road from the Knock Hill. Several riders were unhorsed, but the
+steeds arrived in McClory's court, champing their bits and covered
+with foam. A covered car from Newry stood near the house, on the road,
+to take Alice to the chapel, but she was to ride away from the chapel
+mounted on the pillion, behind her husband.
+
+There was an unexpected pause; no one knew why. Some dismounted and
+stood by their stirrups, ready to mount when the bride had entered her
+carriage. Glasses of whiskey were handed round, and then the pause
+became more awkward and the suspense more intense. At last it became
+known that Alice, who had been up nearly all night finishing her new
+gowns, had felt weary, and fitting on her wedding dress, had gone out
+on her mare for a spurt, to shake off drowsiness. Messengers were sent
+in different directions to search for her, but they had not returned.
+Some accident must have befallen her.
+
+Burns, who rode a powerful black horse, and who had won the broth,
+galloped off wildly towards Loughbrickland. The other cavaliers
+scoured the country in different directions; but, while all kinds of
+surmises were being hazarded, a messenger on foot from Banbridge, with
+dainties for the feast, arrived, and reported that he had met Miss
+McClory and a tall gentleman galloping furiously toward the river
+Bann, near Banbridge. There was great excitement among the guests, and
+whiskey and strong language without measure. After a hurried
+consultation the mounted guests agreed to pursue the fugitives and
+bring Miss McClory back; but, while they were tightening their girths
+and getting ready for a gallop of five or six miles, a boy rode up to
+the house on the mare that had been ridden by Alice, bearing a letter
+to say she had just been married to Hugh Bronte in Magherally church.
+She sent her love and grateful thanks to her brother, hoped the party
+would enjoy the wedding dinner, and begged them to drink her health
+as Mrs. Bronte.
+
+The plucky manner in which the lady had carried out her own plan,
+outwitting the coercionists by her own cleverness, called forth
+admiration in the midst of disappointment, and the cheery message
+touched every heart. The calamity that had befallen Burns did not
+weigh heavily on the hearts of the guests, in presence of the splendid
+dinner before them, and especially as it was now clear that the lady
+was being forced to marry him against her will.
+
+At this juncture the kind and courteous old priest rose, and with
+great skill and good-humor talked about the events of the day. He
+brought into special prominence the humorous and heroic episode in a
+manner that appealed to the chivalry of his hearers, and then, with
+tender pathos, referring to the beautiful daughter of the house,
+called upon the guests to drink her health. The toast was responded to
+with a hearty ringing cheer. Burns, who has left a good reputation
+behind him, promptly proposed prosperity to the new-married couple,
+and Red Paddy, always kind and generous, promised to send the united
+good wishes of the whole party to the bride and bridegroom, and to
+assure them of a hearty welcome, in which the past would be forgotten.
+Paddy, as we shall see, kept his word. Thus the grandfather and
+grandmother of the great novelists were married in 1776, in the
+Protestant church of Magherally, the clergyman who officiated
+pronouncing the bride the most beautiful woman he had ever seen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following verses have always been known as the product of Hugh
+Bronte's muse. I am inclined to think they may have, in an original
+form, been produced by Hugh, and smoothed down by his son Patrick. And
+perhaps, in the refining process, they have lost in strength more than
+they have gained in sound.
+
+I do not think old Hugh would have known anything, at first hand, of
+"the peach bloom," or of "the blood-red Mars." The poem, forty years
+ago, had many variations, but there is one line of special interest,
+as it shows that the verses were known to Charlotte Bronte. The verse,
+with a slight variation, is put into the mouth of Jane Eyre. Rochester
+says: "Jane suits me; do I suit her?" Jane answers: "To the finest
+fibre of my nature, sir."
+
+
+ALICE AND HUGH.
+
+  The red rose paled before the blush
+    That mantled o'er thy dimpled cheek,
+  The peach bloom faded at the flush
+    That tinged thy beauty ripe and meek.
+
+  Thy milk-white brow outshone the snow:
+    Thy lustrous eyes outglanced the stars:
+  Thy cherry lips, with love aglow,
+    Burned ruddier than the blood-red Mars.
+
+  Thy sweet, low voice waked in my heart
+    Dead memories of my mother's love.
+  My long-lost sister's artless art
+    Lived in thy smiles, my gentle dove.
+
+  Dear Alice, how thy charm and grace
+    Kindled my dull and stagnant life!
+  From first I saw thy winning face,
+    My whole heart claimed thee for my wife.
+
+  I thought you'd make me happy, dear:
+    I sought you for my very own:
+  You clung to me through storm and fear:
+    You loved me still, though poor and lone.
+
+  My love was centred all in self:
+    Thy love was centred all in me:
+  True wife, above all pride and pelf,
+    My life's deep current flows for thee.
+
+  The finest fibres of my soul
+    Entwine with thine in love's strong fold;
+  Our tin cup is a golden bowl;
+    Love fills our cot with wealth untold.
+
+
+
+
+THE LEGEND OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE LION.
+
+BY HENRY M. STANLEY.
+
+Copyright, 1893, by Henry M. Stanley.
+
+
+It was a custom with us, when crossing Africa in 1874-77, to meet
+after dinner around the camp-fire, to while away the evening with
+pleasant gossip, reminiscences, curious African legends. Sunset in the
+tropics is soon followed by darkness, and the heavy vapors rising from
+the hot, steaming ground appear to give thickness and substance to it.
+A large fire is then very agreeable, as it drives away the damp and
+dew; and it is a comfort to look into its flames and glowing embers,
+wherein each man sees what he sees. No doubt the drift of the mind at
+such times, to think of such things as are driven away by the needs of
+the stirring day, suggested that we could be more sociable and more
+interested if we related to one another such stories as were told to
+us by the old folks at home. On trial it was found that there were
+some of our men who were most accomplished in the art of narration,
+and I fancied, after writing one or two out, that there was some kind
+of a moral of an African character in each, after which I paid more
+attention to them, and, on retiring from the circle, I would hastily
+jot down what I had heard. If there were some points still obscure in
+the story I would invite its narrator to relate it to me at the first
+halting-place. But then I would find also that there was a great deal
+of difference between the story told to me alone and that related to
+the audience round the fire--there was then less local color, less
+detail, and less animation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At a camp on the Upper Congo, in 1877, Chakanja drew near our fire as
+story-telling was about to begin, and was immediately beset with eager
+demands for a tale from him. Like a singer, who always professes to
+have a cold before indulging us, Chakanja needed more than a few
+entreaties; but finally, after vowing that he never could remember
+anything, he consented to gratify us with the legend of the Elephant
+and the Lion.
+
+"Well," he answered, with a deep sigh, "if I must, I must. You must
+know we Waganda are fond of three things--to have a nice wife, a
+pleasant farm, and to hear good news, or a lively story. I have heard
+a great many stories in my life, but, unlike Kadu, my mind remembers
+them not. Men's heads are not the same, any more than men's hearts are
+like. But I take it that a poor tale is better than none. It comes
+back to me like a dream, this tale of the Elephant and the Lion. I
+heard it first when on a visit to Gabunga's; but who can tell it like
+him? If you think the tale is not well told, it is my fault; but then,
+do not blame me too much, or I shall think I ought to blame you
+to-morrow, when it will be your turn to amuse the party.
+
+"Now open your ears. A huge and sour-tempered elephant went and
+wandered in the forest. His inside was slack for want of juicy roots
+and succulent reeds, but his head was as full of dark thoughts as a
+gadfly is full of blood. As he looked this way and that, he observed a
+young lion asleep at the foot of a tree. He regarded it for a while,
+then, as he was in a wicked mind, it came to him that he might as well
+kill it, and he accordingly rushed at it, and impaled it with his
+tusks. He lifted it with his trunk, swung it about, dashed it against
+the tree, and afterwards kneeled on the body until it became as
+shapeless as a crushed banana pulp. He then laughed, and said, 'Ha!
+ha! This is a proof that I am strong. I have killed a lion, and people
+will say proud things of me, and will wonder at my strength.'
+
+"Presently a brother elephant came up and greeted him.
+
+"'See,' said the first elephant, 'what I have done. It was I that
+killed him. I lifted him on high, and, lo! he lies like a rotten
+banana. Do you not think I am very strong? Come, be frank now, and
+give me some credit for what I have done.'
+
+"Elephant No. 2 replied: 'It is true that you are strong, but that was
+only a young lion. There are others of his kind, and I have seen them,
+who would give you considerable trouble.'
+
+"'Ho, ho!' laughed the first elephant. 'Get out, stupid! You may bring
+his whole tribe here, and I will show you what I can do. Ay, and to
+your dam to boot.'
+
+"'What! My own mother, too!'
+
+"'Yes. Go and fetch her if you like.'
+
+"'Well, well,' said No. 2, 'you are far gone, there is no doubt. Fare
+you well.'
+
+"No. 2 proceeded on his wanderings, resolved in his own mind that, if
+he had an opportunity, he would send some one to test the boaster's
+strength. No. 1 called out to him:
+
+"'Away you go. Good-by to you.'
+
+"A little way on, No. 2 elephant met a lion and lioness, full grown,
+and splendid creatures, who turned out to be the parents of the
+youngster which had been slain, and he said to them, after a sociable
+chat:
+
+"'If you go further on along the path I came, you will meet a kind of
+game which requires killing badly. He has just mangled your cub.'
+
+"Meantime elephant No. 1, chuckling to himself very conceitedly,
+proceeded to the pool near by to bathe and cool himself. At every step
+he went you could hear this: 'Ha, ha, ha! Lo! I have killed a lion.'
+While he was in the pool, spurting the water in a shower over his
+back, he suddenly looked up, and at the water's edge beheld a grown
+lion and lioness regarding him sternly.
+
+"'Well, what do you want?' he asked. 'Why are you standing there
+looking at me?'
+
+"'Are you the rogue who killed our child?' they asked.
+
+"'Perhaps I am,' he answered. 'Why do you want to know?'
+
+"'Because we are in search of him. If it be you that did it, you will
+have to do the same to us before you leave this ground.'
+
+"'Ho! ho!' laughed the elephant loudly. 'Well, hark! It was I who
+killed your cub. Come now, it was I. Do you hear? And if you do not
+leave here mighty quick, I shall have to serve you both as I served
+him.'
+
+"The lions roared aloud in their fury, and switched their tails
+violently.
+
+"'Ho, ho!' laughed the elephant gayly. 'This is grand! There is no
+doubt I shall run soon, they make me so skeery;' and he danced round
+the pool, and jeered at them, then drank a great quantity of water and
+blew it in a shower over them.
+
+"The lions stirred not, but kept steadfastly gazing at him, planning
+how best to attack him.
+
+"Perceiving that they were obstinate, he threw another stream of water
+over the lions and then backed into the deepest part of the pool,
+until there was nothing seen of him but the tip of his trunk. When he
+arose again the lions were still watching him and had not moved.
+
+"'Ho, ho!' he trumpeted, 'still there? Wait a little, I am coming to
+you.' He advanced towards the shore, but, when he was close enough,
+the lion sire sprang into the air, and alighted on the elephant's
+back, and furiously tore at the muscles of the neck, and bit deep into
+the shoulder. The elephant retreated into the deepest part of the pool
+again, and submerged himself and his enemy, until the lion was
+compelled to abandon his back and begin to swim ashore. No sooner had
+he felt himself relieved than the elephant rose to the surface, and
+hastily followed and seized the lion with his trunk. Despite the
+lion's struggles, he was pressed beneath the surface, dragged under
+the elephant's knees, and trodden into the mud, and in a short time
+the lion sire was dead.
+
+"The elephant laughed triumphantly, and cried, 'Ho, ho! am I not
+strong, Ma Lion? Did you ever see the like of me before? Two of you,
+Young Lion and Pa Lion, are now killed. Ma Lion, you had better try
+now, just to see if you won't have better luck. Come on, old woman,
+just once.'
+
+"The lioness fiercely answered, while she retreated from the pool,
+'Hold on where you are. I am going to find my brother, and will be
+back shortly.'
+
+"The elephant trumpeted his scorn of her kind, and seizing the carcass
+of her lord, flung it on shore after her, and declared his readiness
+to abide where he was, that he might make mash of all the lion
+family.
+
+"In a short time the lioness had found her brother, who was a mighty
+fellow, and full of fight. As they advanced near the pool together,
+they consulted as to the best means of getting at him. Then the
+lioness sprang forward to the edge of the pool. The elephant retreated
+a short distance. The lioness upon this crept along the pool, and
+pretended to lap the water. The elephant moved towards her. The lion
+waited his chance, and finally, with a great roar, sprang upon his
+shoulders and commenced tearing away at the very place which had been
+wounded by lion sire.
+
+"The elephant backed quickly into deep water, and submerged himself,
+but the lion maintained his hold and bit deeper. The elephant then
+sank down until there was nothing to be seen but the tip of his trunk,
+upon which the lion, to avoid suffocation, relaxed his hold, and swam
+vigorously toward shore. The elephant rose up, and as the lion was
+stepping on shore, seized him, and drove one of his tusks through his
+body; but, as he was in the act, the lioness sprang upon the
+elephant's neck, and bit and tore so furiously that he fell dead, and
+with his fall crushed the dying lion.
+
+"Soon after the close of the terrible combat, elephant No. 2 came up,
+and discovered the lioness licking her chops and paws, and said:
+
+"'Hello, it seems there has been quite a quarrel here lately. Three
+lions are dead, and here lies one of my own kind, stiffening.'
+
+"'Yes,' replied the lioness gloomily, 'the rogue elephant killed my
+cub while the little fellow was asleep in the woods. He then killed my
+husband and brother, and I killed him; but I do not think the elephant
+has gained much by fighting with us. I did not have much trouble in
+killing him. Should you meet any friends of his, you may warn them to
+leave the lioness alone, or she may be tempted to make short work of
+them.'
+
+"Elephant No. 2, though a patient person generally, was annoyed at
+this, and gave a sudden kick with one of his hind feet which sent her
+sprawling a good distance off; and asked:
+
+"'How do you like that, Ma Lion?'
+
+"'What do you mean by that?' demanded the enraged lioness.
+
+"'Oh, because I hate to hear so much bragging.'
+
+"'Do you also wish to fight?' she asked.
+
+"'We should never talk about doing an impossible thing, Ma Lion,' he
+answered. 'I have travelled many years through these woods, and I have
+never fought yet. I find that when a person minds his own business he
+seldom comes to trouble, and when I meet one who is even stronger than
+myself, I greet him pleasantly, and pass on, and I should advise you
+to do the same, Ma Lion.'
+
+"'You are saucy, elephant. It would be well for you to think upon your
+stupid brother there, who lies so stark under your nose, before you
+trouble one who slew him, with your insolence.'
+
+"'Well, words never yet made a plantation; it is the handling of a hoe
+that makes fields. See here, Ma Lion, if I talked to you all day I
+could not make you wise. I will just turn my back to you. If you will
+bite me you will soon learn how weak you are.'
+
+"The lioness, angered still more by the elephant's contempt, sprang at
+his shoulders, and clung to him; upon which he rushed at a stout tree,
+and, pressing his shoulders against it, crushed the breath out of her
+body, and she ceased her struggles. When he relaxed his pressure, the
+body fell to the ground, and he knelt upon it, and kneaded it until
+every bone was broken.
+
+"While the elephant was meditatively standing over the body, and
+thinking what misfortunes happen to boasters, a man came along,
+carrying a spear; and seeing that the elephant was unaware of his
+presence, he thought what great luck had happened to him.
+
+"Said he, 'Ah, what fine tusks he has! I shall be rich with them, and
+shall buy slaves and cattle, and with these I will get a wife and a
+farm,' saying which he advanced silently, and when he was near enough,
+darted his spear into a place behind the shoulder.
+
+"The elephant turned around quickly, and, on beholding his enemy,
+rushed after him, and, overtaking him, mauled him until in a few
+moments he was a mangled corpse.
+
+"At this time a woman approached, and seeing four lions and one
+elephant and her husband dead, she raised up her hands wonderingly,
+and cried, 'How did all this happen?' The elephant, hearing her voice,
+came from behind a tree, with a spear quivering in his side, and
+bleeding profusely. At the sight of him the woman turned round to fly,
+but the elephant cried out to her, 'Nay, run not, woman, for I can do
+you no harm. The happy days in the woods are ended for all the tribes.
+The memory of this scene will never be forgotten. Animals will be at
+constant war one with another. Lions will no more greet elephants, the
+buffaloes will be shy, the rhinoceroses will live apart, and man, when
+he comes within the shadows, will think of nothing else than his
+terrors, and he will fancy an enemy in every shadow. I am sorely
+wounded, for thy man stole up to my side and drove his spear into me,
+and soon I shall die.'
+
+"When she had heard these words the woman hastened home, and all the
+villagers, old and young, hurried into the woods, by the pool, where
+they found four lions, two elephants, and one of their own tribe lying
+still and lifeless.
+
+"The words of the elephant have turned out to be true, for no man goes
+nowadays into the silent and deserted woods but he feels as though
+something was haunting them, and thinks of goblinry, and starts at
+every sound. Out of the shadows, which shift with the sun, forms seem
+crawling and phantoms appear to glide, and we are in a fever almost
+from the horrible illusions of fancy. We breathe quickly and fear to
+speak, for the smallest vibration in the silence would jar on our
+nerves. I speak the truth, for when I am in the woods near the night,
+there swim before my eyes a multitude of terrible things which I never
+see by the light of day. The flash of a firefly is a ghost, the chant
+of a frog becomes a frightful roar, the sudden piping of a bird
+signalizes murder, and I run. No, no, no woods for me when alone."
+
+And Chakanja rose to his feet and went to his own quarters, solemnly
+shaking his head. But we all smiled at Chakanja, and thought how
+terribly frightened he would be if any one suddenly rose from behind a
+dark bush and cried "Boo!" to him.
+
+
+
+
+SONG.
+
+BY THOMAS CAREW.
+(1589-1639.)
+
+
+  Ask me no more where Jove bestows,
+  When June is past, the fading rose,
+  For in your beauty's orient deep
+  These flowers, as in their causes, sleep.
+
+  Ask me no more whither do stray
+  The golden atoms of the day,
+  For, in pure love, heaven did prepare
+  Those powders to enrich your hair.
+
+  Ask me no more where those stars light
+  That downwards fall in dead of night,
+  For in your eyes they sit, and there
+  Fixed become as in their sphere.
+
+  Ask me no more whither doth haste
+  The nightingale when May is past,
+  For in your sweet dividing throat
+  She winters, and keeps warm her note.
+
+
+
+
+AT THE THROTTLE.
+
+THE LIFE AND EXPERIENCES OF AN ENGINEER OF A LIMITED EXPRESS.
+
+BY CLEVELAND MOFFETT.
+
+  "_See the huge creature with muscles of steel, his heart a furnace
+  of glowing coal, and the strength of a thousand horses nerving his
+  sinews. See him strut forth from his stable, and, saluting the
+  train of cars with a dozen sonorous puffs from his iron nostrils,
+  stand panting to be gone. He would drag the pyramids across the
+  Desert of Sahara if they could be hitched on._"
+
+
+The average New Yorker who rides to Chicago in twenty hours on the
+World's Fair flyer does an easy day's work, in fact, does no work at
+all. He rests comfortably at night, enjoys well-served meals, and
+reaches his destination almost before he knows it. Having paid the
+price, such is the arrogance of money, he takes all that is done for
+him quite as a matter of course, and knows no more of the workings of
+this wonderful train than a school-boy, while he cares rather less. An
+engine pulls the cars, steam works the engine, and as for the
+engineer, the New Yorker never thinks of him except to growl at him
+when the train is late, and to advocate hanging him if there is an
+accident.
+
+Meantime, what is the engineer of this fastest train in the world
+doing for the passenger? In the first place, the Chicago flyer is not
+driven by one but by many engineers. In order to cover the nine
+hundred and sixty-four miles between the two cities in twenty hours,
+including nine stops, there are required seven huge engines in relays,
+driven by seven grimy heroes. A run of less than one hundred and fifty
+miles is the limit per day for each engine, while three hours of the
+plunging rush wears out the strongest engineer. Sixty, seventy, eighty
+miles an hour--what does that mean to the man at the throttle? It
+means that the six and a half feet drivers turn five times every
+second and advance one hundred feet. Tic-tic-tic, and the train has
+run the length of New York's highest steeple. The engineer turns his
+head for five seconds to look at the gauges, and in that time the
+terrible iron creature, putting forth the strength of a thousand
+horses, may have shot past a red signal with its danger warning five
+hundred feet away. Ten seconds, and one thousand feet are left
+behind--one-fifth of a mile. Who knows what horrors may lie within
+that thousand feet! There may be death lurking round a curve, death
+spreading its arms in a tunnel, and the engineer must see and be
+responsible for everything. Not only must he note instantly all that
+is before him, the signals, switches, bridges, the passing trains, and
+the condition of the rails, but he must act at the same moment,
+working throttle, air-brakes, or reversing-lever, not as quick as
+thought, but quicker, for there is no time to think. His muscles must
+do the right thing automatically under circumstances where a second is
+an age. In the three hours of his vigil there are ten thousand eight
+hundred seconds, during each one of which he must watch with the
+mental alertness of an athlete springing for a flying trapeze from
+the roof of an amphitheatre, with the courageous self-possession of a
+matador awaiting the deadly rush of a maddened bull; and far more
+depends upon the engineer's watching well, because, if he fails by a
+hair's breadth in coolness or precision of judgment, there may come
+destruction, not only to himself, but to hundreds of passengers, who,
+while he stands guard, are perhaps grumbling at the waiters in the
+dining-car or telling funny stories in the smoker.
+
+In addition to this constant mental tension the engineer on this
+hurling train has to endure material discomfort, often bodily
+suffering. The air sweeps back in his face with the breath of a
+hurricane, blowing smoke and cinders into his eyes. Most people know
+the intense pain a cinder causes in a man's eye, particularly a hot
+cinder. The suffering is almost unbearable, and yet, suffering or no
+suffering, the engineer who gets a cinder in his eye can have no
+relief until the end of his relay. They shut their lips, these
+unflinching men, keep looking ahead, and bear it. Long after they
+leave the cab, the burning sensation in their eyes and eyelids
+continues, and even persists after hours of sleep. "It seems as if
+nothing would rest my eyes, sir," said one of the new men after his
+first week on the flyer. No wonder the eyesight of engineers fails
+rapidly, no wonder many of them are removed from their positions every
+year because the examining doctors find them unable to distinguish the
+signals. The engineer suffers also from the plunging and tossing of
+the monster locomotive, which bruises his whole body with its violent
+rocking, and causes sharp pains in the back, particularly where there
+is any tendency to kidney trouble. One has only to watch these strong
+men as they stumble down from their engines at the end of a relay, has
+only to observe their white faces and unsteady gait, and see the
+condition of physical collapse which follows, to understand what it
+costs in vitality and grit to give the ease-loving public this
+incomparable train service.
+
+[Illustration: "THE FLYER" LEAVING THE GRAND CENTRAL STATION, NEW YORK
+CITY.]
+
+Thus it is that while the New Yorker gets to Chicago with scarcely
+more discomfort than if he had remained at home, the same journey
+wears out seven engineers, all picked men; for many of them who have
+seen years of service on trains running forty miles an hour, break
+down entirely when put upon the flyer. So exhausted are these seven
+engineers by their comparatively short relays that they are obliged
+to lay off entirely during the following day to recover from the
+shock. They do not even take the opposite-bound flyer back over
+their stretch, but return with their engines to their respective
+starting-points, drawing slower trains. Thus, seven strong men do
+two days' work every time the flyer runs from New York to Chicago,
+and seven other men do two days' work every time it runs back. Each
+engineer works three hours on the flyer, returns home on an easy
+train, and then rests forty hours before his muscles and nerves and
+brain are in condition to repeat the operation.
+
+So it results that twenty-eight engineers, one at a time, are required
+to run this wonderful train from New York to Chicago and back again.
+Fourteen veterans drive the great engines one way, and fourteen
+brother veterans drive them the other. Twenty-eight men for a single
+complete trip of a single train, and they the flower of American
+engineers, splendid fellows every one of them, with cool heads, stanch
+hearts, and the experience of years at the throttle. The fact is,
+these men of iron, who, after all, are made of flesh and blood, have
+been called upon of late years to bear a mental and physical strain
+which has increased steadily as the speed rates have advanced. Forty,
+fifty, sixty, seventy, and now eighty miles an hour, each greater
+velocity has meant greater pressure, not only on the boilers and
+cylinders, but on men's brains; has meant greater expenditure, not
+only of coal and dollars, but of nerve force, until now experts
+recognize with concern that the limit of human endurance has been
+almost reached. Science may remove the mechanical difficulties in the
+way of running a hundred miles an hour, or more, for such a rate has
+already been predicted; money may buy better axles, wheels,
+lubricators, and machinery, but where are the men who will run these
+trains of the future when they are built? Can science breed us a race
+of giants? Can money purchase an immunity against suffering or eyes
+that are indestructible? If twenty-eight engineers are required to-day
+on the Chicago flyer, how many, pray, will be necessary on a train
+running fifty or one hundred per cent. faster?
+
+I gained a vivid impression of what it means to drive one of these
+monster engines, by actually travelling from New York to Albany, a few
+days ago, in the cab of Engine 870, which takes the Empire State
+express over the first stretch of its journey--one hundred and
+forty-two miles--at a rate rather faster than that of the Chicago
+flyer. At the throttle was Archie Buchanan, a silent man with gray
+eyes and earnest face, who comes of a family of engineers, and is one
+of the most trusted of the New York Central employees. Buchanan's
+brother John, a skilled engineer in his time, was cut in two some
+years ago in an accident near East Albany. His brother James is a
+master mechanic at the shops at West Albany, and his brother William,
+after serving for years as a New York Central engineer, was made
+Superintendent of Rolling Stock, a position he still holds.
+
+Buchanan smiled quietly as I climbed upon the fireman's seat at the
+left. It was a perfect July morning, and at 8.39 the shrill whistle
+sounded, worked by the conductor's bell-rope, and we were off, nine
+minutes behind time on account of some trouble with the air-brakes.
+
+"We must make up the delay, Al," said the engineer to his fireman, as
+the wheels began to turn. Those were the only words he spoke until we
+reached Albany, and, had he spoken, neither Al nor I could have heard
+him for the roar.
+
+Now the slow, heavy pant of the engine quickens, and we shoot under
+bridges and streets, passing out of New York. For a few minutes
+Buchanan, working the reversing-lever, lets the pistons go the full
+length of the cylinders, but he gradually cuts down their stroke to
+eight inches, making the steam expansion do the rest. This lessens the
+noise from the exhaust, but the noise from the pounding of the
+mountain of iron on the rails increases in geometrical ratio. A shower
+of cinders blows in with black smoke, and a hot one settles in my
+neck. The smoke tastes of oil, the cinder burns--this is but a
+foretaste of things to come. I turn my head to avoid suffocation and
+get a scorching blast from the fire-box, whose door is swung wide
+open. The fireman's orders are to make up the lost time, and he
+proposes to do it. In goes coal at the rate of two shovelfuls a minute
+for the first half-hour. Before we reach Albany he has shovelled in
+more than three tons, and had the day been windy it would have taken
+more. In the intervals he rakes and prods the white-hot crater and
+rings the bell as we shoot past towns and cities. Buchanan tends to
+the whistle and air-brakes. The noise is dreadful, as if a thousand
+devils were dancing in one's head. The motion is so violent from side
+to side that we all have to hold on tightly. A little more and one
+would be seasick.
+
+As the hundred-ton engine pounds along with horrible din, a strange
+sense of exhilaration succeeds that of physical discomfort. One
+becomes indifferent to everything, and, courting now the smoke-laden
+hurricane, thrusts one's head from the window into the sweeping
+air-billows, which dash against the face like breakers and with the
+same strangling force. I was seized with a wild desire to go faster;
+seventy miles an hour was not enough, and I would fain have opened
+everything to its full capacity, stop-cocks, levers, throttle, and
+all, and taken part in a furious, splendid runaway. Strange thoughts
+chased through my mind; the houses of flying towns seemed to be
+rushing at each other in battle from either side, a long line of loose
+ties between the tracks suggested an endless procession of turtles,
+the trees seemed to be dancing down the hills, and the people who
+stared up at us while stepping away from the dangerous suction seemed
+to be creatures of another race. I have learned since that engineers
+often have that feeling of belonging to some other world, and it comes
+upon them particularly at night. A man of highly strung organization
+could easily go mad riding on an engine running seventy miles an
+hour.
+
+These curious illusions of the senses were presently succeeded by a
+period of intense and perfectly normal curiosity. I counted the number
+of strokes made by the piston in a minute, and found there were about
+three hundred. I counted the number of puffs from the smoke-stack, and
+decided correctly that there were four times as many of these as there
+were piston-strokes, that is, about twenty to the second. Then I
+counted the oil-cans, the gauges, and made mental photographs of the
+inside of the cab.
+
+From start to finish we made no stop and only slackened our speed
+twice to "pick up water," this important operation being accomplished
+with a great splashing by a scoop under the tender, which drops into a
+trough running lengthwise of the track for about twelve hundred feet,
+and always kept full to the brim. The scoop is controlled by a lever
+in the tender, which the fireman directs. In the winter, steam-pipes
+through the troughs keep the water from freezing. During the whole
+distance Buchanan scarcely changed his position, and never turned his
+head. For two hours and thirty-six minutes he stood at the right of
+the boiler, an immovable figure in gray overalls and black skullcap,
+his left hand on the throttle, while his right clutched the window to
+steady him. I never once saw his eyes, which were fixed on the track
+ahead as if held there by a magnet. No matter how the smoke and
+cinders poured in through the open windows in front, no matter the
+bridges and tunnels nor the mad rush of air, his eyes stayed forward
+always, sweeping the line before us anxiously, constantly on the alert
+for signals, for switches, for obstructions, for the long tunnel, for
+the train side-tracked near Poughkeepsie, for the water troughs, for a
+score of things, the missing any one of which might mean disaster.
+And, as he watched, silent and motionless, there was one thought in
+his mind and only one, whether we would make up the lost nine minutes
+and get into Albany on time. Al's thoughts were the same, and, like
+one of Dante's demons, he worked at the coal and the fire and the
+water, now oiling the drivers, now looking at the gauges, ever busy
+and ever growing blacker and oilier in hands and face.
+
+Very proud we were as we ran into Albany at 11.15 A.M. on time to the
+minute, having made the run of one hundred and forty-two miles in one
+hundred and fifty-six minutes, an average of 53.8 miles an hour. This
+exceeds the average of the Chicago flyer, which is 48.2 miles an hour,
+although for a much greater distance. Several times our speed had
+reached seventy miles an hour, and with better coal and other
+conditions equally favorable, Buchanan has driven 870 up to the
+eighty-mile point. With the sound devils still dancing in my head, I
+watched the engineer as he rubbed down his iron horse after the hard
+run. He was tired himself, and his face was white, but he went over
+the rods and cylinders as tenderly and carefully as if he was
+refreshing the muscles and sinews of a living creature.
+
+"She's a beauty, isn't she?" he said, in a tone which bore witness to
+the love felt by the man for the machine. "You see, she has always
+been true to me, 870 has, and I've run her ever since she was built.
+She's never cranky or sick, and she makes her three hundred miles a
+day three hundred and sixty-five times a year, and does her duty every
+time. That's more than you can say of many men, or women either, isn't
+it?"
+
+It seems that there are about fifty engines in constant use on the New
+York Central with the power and dimensions of 870, and only the
+peerless 999, with her heavier build and smoke-consuming device, can
+boast any points of superiority. The life of an engine like 870 is
+about twenty years, during which time she makes several visits to the
+hospital for new cylinders, new flues, and a new fire-box. Aside from
+that, the engine needs about an hour's care morning and night, and a
+washout and blowout of her boilers at the end of alternate weeks.
+Only at these periods is the engine's fire allowed to go out.
+
+I asked Buchanan what were the principal qualifications for a
+first-class engineer, and what was the training necessary to become
+one. "To begin with," he said, "a man must be a first-class fireman,
+which is no easy matter. He must know just how much coal to put on the
+fire and when to put it on, so as to keep the steam at full pressure
+without burning too much fuel. The great secret of good firing is to
+put coal on often and a little at a time. You noticed Al did that on
+our run up. When a fireman has shown himself worthy of it, he is given
+a chance to drive an engine for switching work or on a freight train.
+The first years of his life as an engineer are very hard, for he has
+to run at all sorts of hours, day and night, winter and summer, and on
+the meanest kinds of trains. If this does not kill him he finally
+becomes engineer on an express and has a better time of it, but a good
+many of the boys prefer to remain firemen all their lives rather than
+stand such hardships. My man Al has tried driving an engine twice, and
+come back to me both times. You can be pretty sure that a man who gets
+to be an engineer on one of the fine trains to-day has earned his
+position. He must know his engine like a book, backwards and forwards,
+must know how to manage her when she is sick and well, and what to do
+if an eccentric breaks or a piston gets leaking or a valve-spindle is
+bent. He must know how to work the injector so as to keep water enough
+in the boiler without wasting any by the steam blowing off. He must be
+able to save power by working the steam expansively and yet keeping up
+his speed; he must know every inch of the road, the grades, bridges,
+switches, curves, and tunnels, and all the trains he has to pass or
+which may pass him. He must be able to control his train and engine at
+full speed, must understand the effect of the weather on the rails,
+must know how to use the air-brakes and the reversing-lever, and when
+not to use them."
+
+I listened and marvelled.
+
+"What would you do in a collision?" I asked.
+
+The engineer pushed back the little black skullcap from his iron-gray
+hair and said, in the low tone which is usual with him:
+
+"It is pretty hard to say what a man should do when he hears the
+whistle of danger ahead or sees that a crash is coming. Even the best
+of us are liable to get confused at such a moment. What would you do
+if you woke up in the night and found a burglar holding a pistol at
+your head? There are no rules for such cases. What I would not do,
+though, is to reverse my engine, although many engineers are liable to
+lose their heads at a critical moment and make that mistake. It is a
+curious thing that reversing your engine suddenly when going at high
+speed makes the train go faster instead of slower. The reason is that
+the drivers slip and the locomotive shoots ahead as if she were on
+skates. The only thing to do is to put on the air-brakes and pray
+hard."
+
+The man's words, all the more impressive for their rugged simplicity,
+brought to my mind again the thought of danger, for in spite of the
+wonderful system by which these flying trains are run, in spite of the
+elaborate precautions taken and the many eyes forever watching to see
+that they are carried out, it is impossible to go through such an
+experience as mine without realizing that there is danger in these
+desperate dashes. Suppose something goes wrong on the track ahead
+while the train is making sixty or seventy miles an hour. Suppose, as
+the whirling caravan rounds a curve or plunges through a tunnel,
+another whirling caravan is seen blocking the path. Then what? Would
+there be time to stop? Could the engineer, with all his skill and
+bravery, prevent disaster? With the old trains running forty miles an
+hour, seven hundred and sixty feet of track was necessary to bring the
+locomotive and six cars to a dead stop from full speed. No one has
+ever made the experiment with the Chicago flyer or the Empire State
+express, but unquestionably it would take at least a thousand feet of
+track to stop either of them, and many things can happen in a thousand
+feet. There are never more than a thousand feet, and very often only a
+few hundred, between the three sets of signals, with their red, green,
+and yellow bars, which are shown at each station of the block system
+all along the route. As there are a hundred of these stations between
+New York and Albany, that gives three hundred sets of signals to be
+instantly recognized and obeyed on this relay alone, and a man had
+better die than make a mistake. Now there are two difficulties with
+these signals; in the first place, some of them are so close together
+that no human power could stop the train in the space between them;
+and in the second place, going at such a speed, it is almost
+impossible to distinguish the green signals against the background of
+foliage. Already it has been found necessary to substitute yellow
+signals for green ones in a number of cases.
+
+While we were talking, a trainman drew a dead chicken from between two
+bars of the cowcatcher, where its head was wedged. It had been struck
+so suddenly that the feathers were scarcely rumpled, and the lucky
+finder evidently proposed to have broiled poulet for dinner. I had
+noticed the poor fowl on the way up, scurrying along in front of the
+engine, and pitied its stupidity in refusing to leave the track, as it
+might perfectly well have done. Buchanan told me that they often catch
+chickens in this way, and find them excellent eating. Then he went on
+to describe the sensations of running over animals and men.
+
+"It always seems to me, sir, that the engine hates to kill a man as
+much as we do. Of course, it's only a fancy, but once, up at
+Germantown, when the sheet-iron flange around the tender cut off a
+man's head clean as a razor, the fireman and I both felt the engine
+tremble in a queer way. Another time there was a man on the track who
+had just come out of a hospital, and, instead of killing him, old 870
+just caught him gently on her cowcatcher and threw him off the track
+without doing him any injury except a broken arm. It's curious about
+animals. The ones we dread most are hogs. A fat hog will throw a train
+off the track quicker than a horse or a cow. When we see a cow or
+horse ahead we put on full speed and try to hurl them clear of the
+track. If we strike them going slow we are apt to get the worst of
+it."
+
+There is a sympathy which draws together two men who have ridden side
+by side on an engine running seventy miles an hour, and I was glad to
+accept Engineer Buchanan's invitation to pay him a visit at his place
+up the Hudson. No contrast could be greater or more charming than that
+between the engineer at his post of danger and endurance, and the
+father and husband, in his pretty vine-covered home by the river. Mr.
+Buchanan in private life is a prosperous resident of Morris Heights,
+where he owns valuable property, and enjoys alternate days among the
+flowers, fruits, and vegetables of his garden. This garden is the
+pride of his life, and, next to bringing a train in on time, I believe
+he takes more pride in his roses, grapes, peas, and onions than in
+anything in the world. We sat for a long time on the engineer's
+favorite bench, under a cool grape arbor, with the river running
+lazily at our feet. Buchanan, looking like a different man in
+citizen's dress, talked unpretentiously of his life. There was no
+posing as a hero, no complaining about hardships, just a simple,
+straight-forward story of twenty-six years passed almost entirely on
+an engine--twenty-six years of constant danger. Surely that ought to
+have some curious influence on the human mind and character. In
+Buchanan's case this influence certainly has been for good, for he
+told me how, as a young man, he had come out of the war with
+shiftless, lazy habits, fond of wasting his time and money in Eighth
+Avenue saloons, and then how he had become steady and saving, when he
+began to run regularly on an engine.
+
+"When I used to be away on long stretches," he said, "with nothing to
+do but think, I saw how foolish it was giving my money to a saloon
+keeper for him to put in the bank instead of putting it there myself.
+It used to come to me at night, as the engine ran along through the
+shadows, that the friends I had down in the city were not good for
+much, and that, if I lost my job or was hurt in an accident, they
+would be the first to turn their backs on me. At last I decided to get
+away from all my bad associations and from New York too; so I scraped
+together what money I could and bought this land, where I have lived
+ever since with my wife and children. That was the best day's work I
+ever did. It was a hard-looking place when I bought it, nothing but
+rocks and weeds, but I was proud of it, and put in all my spare time
+fixing it up until I have made it what it is to-day."
+
+As he spoke the engineer's eyes wandered complacently over the
+gardens, the trim gravel walks, and the pretty house--everything as
+neat and spic-span as the kitchen of a Dutch house-wife.
+
+When not busy with his garden Buchanan's favorite occupation is
+reading histories of the war and reminiscences of its great generals.
+He will sit in his rocking-chair on the shady piazza for hours,
+reading of Lincoln and McClellan and the stirring scenes in which he
+himself took part--the battles of Second Bull Run, Seven Days, Big
+Bethel, and Bristol Station. He has fought these battles over again
+hundreds of times in his fancy, and many a lonely hour on the track
+has been brightened by the memories of what he saw and did in the
+great struggle. His admiration for General McClellan knows no bound,
+and he entered into quite an argument to show that "McClellan did all
+the work, sir, and the other fellows got all the glory." The only
+vacation Buchanan has taken in a quarter of a century was a few years
+ago, when he went South for a month to see the old battlefields once
+more; but they were all changed, and he came back saddened. "I shall
+never lay off again," he said, "until I lay off for good."
+
+Archie Buchanan is but a fair type of the loyal fellows who drive the
+flying engines of to-day. Many of them are as thrifty as he is; he
+told me of one veteran in the company's employ, Thomas Dormatty, who
+has property in Schenectady valued at one hundred thousand dollars,
+and who, in spite of his seventy years, does his regular run between
+Albany and Syracuse. It is easy to see what that means of saving and
+prudent investment, when one remembers that the best engineers receive
+only from one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty dollars per
+month. And when they have finished their terms of usefulness, and are
+unable to run any longer, that same day their pay stops, as it stops
+when they are ill; for railway companies are not philanthropists and
+have no pension system.
+
+I was glad to learn that there is no truth in the popular notion that
+engineers are full of superstition. Buchanan told me he had never
+experienced any such feeling, and had never known a superstitious
+engineer, with the exception of Nat Sawyer, the veteran who is now at
+Chicago with Engine 999. It is Nat who runs "the bosses' engine"--that
+is, the luxurious observation car which takes the directors and
+officials of the road on their tours of inspection. In spite of his
+well-proven courage, Engineer Sawyer always hesitates to go out on his
+engine if he meets a cross-eyed person in the morning on his way to
+the roundhouse. That, however, is only the exception which proves the
+rule.
+
+As he was showing me about his house, which is furnished with taste
+and comfort, Buchanan stopped before two large portraits of his father
+and mother. Both of them are alive. His father is eighty-seven, his
+mother four years younger. Speaking of his parents, the engineer said
+reverently: "My father was a blacksmith and gave me a strong body, but
+my mother did more for me than that, because she has prayed for me
+every day of her life, and I have never had an accident on a train and
+never got so much as a scratch in the war."
+
+When I spoke of religion Buchanan showed some reticence. "How can I
+get time to go to church," he said, "when I run my engine every other
+day in the year, Sundays, holidays, and all? I guess my religion is
+hard work, and I don't know but it's as good as any other."
+
+The religion of hard work! Is it possible for the man who drives one
+of our great modern trains to have any other religion than that?
+Fifteen days in the month, twelve months in the year, he runs his
+engine three hundred miles; and besides that, does extra work when a
+sick comrade must be replaced, or the occasion demands. The remaining
+days of the year he is resting for the strain and responsibility of
+the morrow. He worships in the same place that he does his duty, under
+the broad arch of heaven; his creed is to keep the train on time, his
+prayer that danger may be averted. And when his eyes fail or his
+health breaks down, he says good-by to the old engine which has been
+his comrade on many a thrilling ride, and spends the years that remain
+in some quiet, vine-covered home like the one I saw up the Hudson.
+
+
+
+
+AMONG THE GORILLAS.
+
+A VOICE FROM THE WILDERNESS.
+
+BY R. L. GARNER, Author of "The Speech of Monkeys," etc.
+
+
+An article written from the wilds of Africa may be expected to contain
+long tales of bloody deeds and great perils, of narrow escapes from
+hungry lions, battles with hordes of gory cannibals, and dramatic
+rescue in the nick of time, followed by a swift revenge and a grand
+flourish of trumpets; but as I have never been so fortunate in my
+travels as to meet with the romantic events that are so common to many
+travellers, I must ask my readers to be content with some plain facts,
+set forth in simple prose; and as my mission to Africa is in search of
+the truth in certain lines, I feel excused from any attempt to paint,
+in the rosy hues of fancy, such thrilling scenes as some depict.
+
+I shall omit some details of travel which are full of interest, but as
+many of my detours have been over routes that have been travelled by
+others and described by some, in various tints of truth and fiction, I
+shall pass, with long strides, over the time since my arrival on the
+coast to the present.
+
+As the chief object of my visit to this wilderness is to study the
+habits of the gorilla and chimpanzee in a state of nature, I shall
+confine myself chiefly to them, and to such things as I find among the
+natives in common with them.
+
+After a long voyage of thirty-six days from England, I arrived in
+Gaboon, the capital of the French Congo, where I was kindly received
+by the governor and others, and assured of any aid that they could
+render me. They manifested great interest in my work and anxiety for
+its success.
+
+During my stay of some weeks there I acquired much information, of
+great value to me, about the distribution of various tribes, and also
+of the apes. In the meantime I paid a visit to the king of the
+M'pongwe people, in his country called Denni, lying on the south side
+of the Gaboon River. The name of the king is Adande Repontjombo, which
+means _the son_ of Repontjombo, who was king when Paul du Chaillu was
+in Africa.
+
+The dignity of king, in Africa, does not rank with such a title in
+Europe. Here his powers are but little superior to those of any other
+native. He works, hunts, loafs, begs and lies just as others do. I
+must make an exception of the King of Denni, who is, by far, the best
+of all the royal Africans I have met, much of which is due to a good
+education, and his contact with white men. King Adande is an
+intelligent man, and well informed on many subjects. He reads, writes
+and speaks English and French in addition to his native tongue.
+
+A visit to the king, here, is not a matter of so much pomp and
+ceremony as such a visit to the sovereign of Great Britain, but to me
+it was novel and full of deep interest.
+
+Leaving Gaboon near the beginning of the year, I came to this section,
+known as Fernan Vaz, but by the natives called Eliuee N'Kami. The
+portion to which this name belongs extends from about one degree south
+latitude to about one degree forty-five minutes south along the coast,
+and thence, toward the interior, about three or four days' journey up
+the Rembo N'Kami, embracing the great lake and surrounding country;
+and this is the true habitat of the gorilla, which the natives called
+_n'jina_ (n'geena).
+
+After arranging here for a sojourn of a few months, I placed the most
+of my heavy effects in the custody of the Ste. Anne Mission, and began
+a journey up the Ogowe. I proceeded as far as N'djole, which is about
+two hundred and twenty miles from the coast. Along the way I made many
+inquiries about the gorilla, but elicited little information of any
+value. At a village called Ouimbiana, near an outlet of a lake called
+Ezhanga, a native offered me quite a fine skull of a gorilla in
+exchange for rum or tobacco, but, not having either of these current
+articles of trade, I could not make the purchase. The animal had been
+killed near Lake Ezhanga, which lies on the south side of the Ogowe,
+and about four days from the coast. At Lambarene, about one day higher
+up the river, I was presented with a fine skull from near that same
+lake. At N'djole I was assured that five gorillas had been seen near
+there only a few weeks before my visit, and that two native Pangwes
+had been killed by them, on the south side of the river. But it is
+very rare that one is ever seen so far away from the coast. I did not
+hear of one on the north side of the river, and the natives all along
+told me that they were all on the south side.
+
+On my return I went into the Lake Ezhanga section, where I had heard
+they were abundant, but, on reaching the south side of the lake, I was
+told that they lived far away in the bush, and that ten boys and a
+canoe could take me in one day to the very spot where schools of them
+revel all the day and howl most of the night; but I didn't go.
+
+I must digress for a moment to tell you what a superb lake the Ezhanga
+is, dotted with islands, among which are some perfect gems of wild
+and varied beauty. It is a sublime panorama. Down to the very edge of
+the water hang perfect walls of trailing vines and weeping trees,
+which look like the ivy-clad ruins of mediaeval England. Towers of
+green, of every shade the most vivid fancy can depict; crumbling
+turrets and broken arches, hung with garlands of flowers. Here are
+some of the most brilliant flowers and gorgeous foliage I have yet
+seen in this tropical land. In one part of the lake is a vast
+archipelago, which forms a gigantic labyrinth of coves and grottos. At
+places the boughs from island to island almost meet overhead, forming
+a grand archway of varied green set with the jewels of the floral
+queen, and looking as though Dame Nature and her maids had decked it
+for their own triumphal arch. Within the deep and solemn shadows of
+these sylvan naves no sunbeams kiss the limpid waters, and not a voice
+disturbs their quiet, save the harsh scream of the eagle or the wail
+of the lone ibis. Now and then is seen some bird with plumage of most
+brilliant tint, which looks as if its costume were designed for such a
+place, and here and there the fish disport in some retired nook.
+
+When once this fairy land is passed, the waters broaden to an inland
+sea, with only a few islands of a larger size. Some of these are
+skirted with wide bands of grass, sometimes sweeping away between the
+trees in a long vista, on whose green expanse stands, perhaps, a
+solitary hut, and on which feed the herds of hippopotami which lead a
+life of idle luxury along these fertile shores and in the lonely
+waters of this sea of dreams.
+
+Coming on down the Ogowe, I spent four days in a native village of the
+Orungo tribe. The town is called M'biro, but I do not know what the
+name signifies unless it is _mud_. I was kindly treated by the people,
+who delighted in hearing of some of the wonders of my country. The old
+king was in ecstasies at my efforts to speak a few phrases of his
+language, and vowed that nothing except a former betrothal restrained
+him from offering me his daughter for a wife, to go with me to my
+country and see some of the things of which I had told him. At this
+place I was again assured that the gorilla lived on the south side of
+the river.
+
+My next point was Fernan Vaz, which I reached in two days' journey
+along the Jimbogombi, one of the most beautiful rivers one can
+imagine. It is bordered with myriads of stately palms, bamboos, and
+ferns, relieved by vines, orchids, and flowers. Here the monkey revels
+in the plenitude of wild fruits, and the pheasant finds a safe retreat
+from crafty woodsmen, while birds of diverse kinds invoke the spirit
+of nature with the voice of song.
+
+On reaching Ste. Anne I selected a site for my cage and erected it at
+once. It is located in the heart of the jungle, a trifle more than a
+mile from any human habitation, and I named it Fort Gorilla. It is in
+a spot where nothing but the denizens of the bush has any cause to
+come. It is near a grove of plantains, on which the gorilla feasts
+with the gusto of a charter member of the Gourmand Club. He does not
+care so much for the fruit, but takes out the tender heart of the
+young stalk, which is quite succulent, and eats it with an appetite
+peculiar to his race.
+
+Before my cage was quite in order to receive, I had my first call from
+a young gorilla, who came within about ten yards, as if to see what
+was going on. I had my rifle in my hand, but did not fire at him, as I
+desired to have him call again and bring his friends. He didn't tarry
+long, but hurried off into the bush as though he had something to
+tell.
+
+The third day after my cage was complete, a family of ten gorillas
+crossed the rear of the open grounds belonging to the mission, and not
+more than two hundred yards from the house. A small native boy was
+within some twenty yards of them when they crossed the path in front
+of him. Within a few minutes I was notified of the fact, and took my
+rifle and followed them into the bush until I lost their trail. A few
+hours later they were seen again by some natives, not far away from my
+cage, but they did not call on me. The next day, however, I had a
+visit from a group who came within some thirty yards of the cage. The
+bush was so dense that I could not see them, but I could easily
+distinguish four or five voices, which seemed to be engaged in a
+family broil of some kind. I suppose that they were the same family
+that had been seen the day before.
+
+Pere Buleon, _le pere superieur_ of Ste. Anne, tells me that he has
+twice seen a family of gorillas feeding in a plantain grove, and that,
+on both occasions, the father gorilla sat quietly eating the fruit
+which the others gathered and brought to him. I have learned from
+other reliable sources that gorillas are often seen in groups or
+families of twelve or fifteen, and always have one which seems to be
+chief among them, and this one the natives call _ekombo n'jina_, which
+means gorilla king.
+
+It is the current belief that these groups consist of one adult male,
+and a number of females and their young. The gorilla is evidently
+polygamous, but when he once adopts a wife she remains so for years,
+and a certain degree of marital fidelity is observed. The same
+practice prevails with the natives, with one exception in favor of the
+gorilla, and that is that I have never heard of one selling one of his
+wives, which the natives frequently do.
+
+As far as it can be said that the gorilla has any form of government,
+it is strictly patriarchal, and there are reasons to justify the
+belief that they have some fixed ideas of order and justice. Many of
+the natives declare that they have seen the gorillas holding a
+palaver, at which the king always presided, while the others stood or
+sat in a semicircle, talking in an excited manner. They do not claim
+to have interpreted what was said or understood the nature of the
+quarrel, but, as a rule, all natives believe that the gorilla has a
+language which is understood among themselves, and used in the same
+manner as man uses his speech.
+
+To my mind it is quite evident that the habit of the gorilla is to go
+in groups, although it is a very common thing to see one quite alone,
+or to see a single pair of them. I think, as a rule, when you see one
+alone it is a young male who has set out in the world for himself, and
+the pair is perhaps a bridal couple.
+
+The next visit I received was by a fine young chimpanzee, who came to
+an opening in the bush, where he stopped and took quite a look at the
+situation. He betrayed no sign of alarm, and seemed half-way tempted
+to come nearer, but after a halt of nearly a minute he resumed his
+march with an air of great leisure, nor did he deign to turn his head
+to see if I followed him.
+
+On the day after this a young gorilla came within six or seven yards
+of my cage and took a good peep at me. He stood for a few seconds,
+holding on to a bush with one hand; his lips were relaxed and his
+mouth half open, as if surprised and perplexed at what he beheld. His
+countenance did not portray either fear or anger, but utter amazement.
+I heard him creeping through the bush before I saw him, and I don't
+think he was aware of my presence until he was so near. During this
+short visit I sat as still as a statue, and I think he was in doubt as
+to whether I was alive or not; but when he turned away into the bush
+he lost no time in getting out of reach. He uttered no sound except a
+suppressed _umph_!
+
+A day or two later I heard a couple among the plantains, but could
+only get the faintest glimpse of them. They were talking but little,
+and I don't think they broke any of the stalks. As well as I could
+determine, there were only two, but they were of good size and alike
+in color.
+
+At this moment I hear one tearing a plantain stalk within about thirty
+yards of me. I can only hear one voice, but as they do not talk much
+when alone, I presume there are more of them not far away. He is
+uttering a low murmuring sound which seems to express pleasure, but I
+am not yet able to translate it into English. Time and patience,
+however, will accomplish that, and much more.
+
+It is a fact worthy of notice that some of the sounds uttered by the
+gorilla and chimpanzee are identical with certain sounds in the
+native language, and it is quite as easy to find letters to represent
+them. One word in N'Kami, meaning _yes_ or _assent_, is exactly the
+same as one sound that is much used by the chimpanzee, but is not
+within the scope of any known system of phonetic symbols. The same is
+true of the word for _five_ in one dialect of Kroo speech.
+
+My visitor has gone from the plantain grove without calling to pay his
+respects, but I am now being closely inspected by a young porcupine,
+who doesn't appear to be so shy as his elders are; and just in the
+rear of my domicile is a large school of mangaby monkeys who come
+frequently to visit me. There are about twenty of them, some very
+large, and as I have never disturbed them, they seem to be getting
+more familiar. In fact, I am seldom without something to interest,
+amuse, or edify me. Parrots, toucans, and scores of other birds keep
+up a constant babel, and it is no longer such a novelty to me to hear
+a gorilla near my fort. At night I frequently have a leopard or
+bush-cat visit me; it is then too dark to shoot them, but my interest
+is centr----s--s--st!--s--s--st! Oh, the precious moment! I have just
+had a new and grand experience. I am a trifle nervous, but I must tell
+you. While writing the last few lines above, a large dog from the
+mission came to pay me a visit. He has become attached to me, and has
+learned the way to my retreat. He soon found a bone which I had thrown
+into the bush, and began to gnaw with great vigor. Within a few feet
+of my cage is a small, rough path cut through the bush to mark the
+boundary of the mission lands. Suddenly there appeared on the edge of
+this path a huge female gorilla, carrying a young one on her back. She
+was not more than thirty feet from me when I first saw her, and her
+tread was so stealthy that I did not hear the rustle of a leaf. She
+peeped along the edge of the bush with the greatest caution, with her
+whole attention fixed upon the dog. In a few moments she advanced very
+softly towards him, with the evident purpose of attack, until she was
+within a measured distance of eleven feet of me, without having
+observed my presence, I think. The dog was not aware of her approach,
+and she was now within fourteen feet of him. With my rifle at my elbow
+I was prepared for action in an instant, as I did not want her to kill
+the dog. As I cocked my gun she stopped, sat down on the ground for a
+few seconds, and gave me such a look of scorn that I almost felt that
+I had done wrong to interfere. She then turned away uneasily and
+retraced her steps with moderate haste, but she did not run, or betray
+much sign of fear. In an instant she was lost in the bush, and not the
+faintest sound was uttered. There were doubtless more of them near by,
+as the natives say it is very rare to find one female and babe alone,
+but so far as I could see she was all alone. She may have been a
+widow, and if so, I should think her chances to remain so were very
+fine, if beauty goes at par among her beaux, for she certainly was one
+of the most hideous-looking things I have ever seen.
+
+The temptation to shoot her was almost too great to resist, and the
+desire to capture the babe made it all the more so, but I have
+refrained, so far, from firing my gun anywhere near my cage. I could
+have shot this one to-day with such ease and safety that I almost
+regret that I did not, but she may return.
+
+I have had the pleasure this afternoon of hearing three others howling
+in different directions, one of which appears to be a very large one.
+
+I have been told that the gorilla builds a rude hut or shelter in
+which he makes his home, but, so far, I have found no trace of any
+kind of structure built by them, nor can any native tell me where one
+can be found. I do not believe that he has the most remote idea of a
+home. He is nomadic in habit, and I doubt if he ever spends two nights
+in the same place. During the day gorillas wander about from place to
+place in quest of food, and wherever night finds them they remain till
+morning. They are not nocturnal in habit, and the stories of their
+howling and talking all night are not well founded. They do sometimes
+yell at night, I have no doubt, but I think it is not common with
+them, though at the first sign of dawn they make their presence known,
+and no one will mistake the cause of the sound. One morning, about
+five o'clock, I was startled from my sleep by one of the most terrific
+yells, within about one hundred feet of my cage. It was not simply one
+great shout, but a long series of sounds of varying pitch and
+loudness, and at intervals of something like a minute they were
+repeated, for about ten or twelve times, and to my ear appeared to be
+exactly the same each time. I quietly turned out of bed and dressed
+myself; I took my rifle and sat down, and watched until long after
+sunrise, in the hope that they would pass by my cage. All the sounds
+came from one direction until the last two, which indicated to me that
+the author of them was changing his location. My interpretation of the
+sound was that it was from the king gorilla, to arouse his family, who
+were doubtless scattered off into different trees for the night. The
+sound did not suggest to my mind any idea of fear, anger, or mirth,
+but business, and I am inclined to believe that the chief of the clan
+summons all to the march when he thinks it time to move. The
+succeeding morning I heard the same sounds repeated in another
+direction, and, I suspect, by the same gorilla.
+
+The usual pictures of the gorilla do not represent him as I have seen
+him. He has not only a crouching habit, but he walks on all four of
+his legs, and has the motion of most quadrupeds, using his right arm
+and left leg at the same time, and alternates with the left arm and
+right leg. It is not exactly a walk or a trot, but a kind of ambling
+gait, while the chimpanzee uses his arms as crutches, but lifts one
+foot from the ground a little in advance of the other. They do not
+place the palm of the hand on the ground, but use the back of the
+fingers from the second joint, and at times the one I have described
+above seemed to touch only the back of the nails, but this was when
+she was scarcely moving at all. I am now preparing to photograph some
+of them, and I think I can give a more reliable picture of this
+animal than I have ever seen heretofore.
+
+As to the stories about their howling all night, I would add that
+there is a large bird here which makes a sound very much like one
+sound made by the gorilla, and it is a very easy matter to mistake it.
+When I first came I was often deceived by it myself, but now I can
+detect it very easily. This bird cries at all hours, and I think it
+has imposed upon the honest credulity of many strangers.
+
+It is said that at night the king gorilla selects a large tree in
+which he places his family, and then takes up position at the base of
+the tree to ward off any harm during the night. I very much doubt this
+story. I think it quite probable that the gorillas habitually sleep in
+trees at night, but from all I can learn of the king, he looks after
+his own comfort and safety first, and lets his family do as they can.
+I have also heard that the king always finds a place of safety for
+them before he will attack a foe, but this is not confirmed by any
+fact that I can obtain. The gorilla will avoid an attack unless
+surprised or wounded, and in such an event he wastes no time in
+formalities.
+
+Two stories of the gorilla are in stereotype, and every native will
+furnish you with a certified copy, without the slightest variation of
+the text. One is, that when a gorilla kills a man he tears open the
+breast and drinks the blood of his victim; and the other, that a
+gorilla seizes the barrel of a gun and crushes it with his teeth. The
+uniform version of these two stories is such as to make one believe
+that they have been taught by rote, and I am in doubt as to their
+authorship; they have a strong tincture of the white man's yarns.
+
+The thrilling stories about gorillas stealing women and holding them
+as captives in the bush, and of their taking children and holding them
+for ransom, are mere freaks of fancy, and I can find no native of the
+land in which the gorilla is found who believes that such a thing ever
+occurred, but all assert that man, woman, and child fare alike in the
+hands of this cruel beast. Such stories abound in the parts where no
+gorillas were ever seen, but when you get into his true range his
+real history loses much of its poesy.
+
+Many of the stories told of him, however, in his own land, are novel
+and curious, but conflicting, and some of them absurd; yet all agree
+in one respect, and that is that his savage instincts and great
+strength make him the terror of the forest, and I have no doubt that
+when he is in a rage he is both fierce and powerful; but I am still
+inclined to believe that both his ferocity and his strength are rated
+far above their true value, and it is stated as a current fact that in
+combat with the chimpanzee the gorilla always gets whipped, and often
+killed. I cannot testify to this, as I have not seen such a fight, and
+they seldom occur, yet I have reason to believe it to be true.
+
+I have heard a story of the origin of man and the gorilla, which I
+shall relate as a queer bit of native lore. It is confined to the
+Galoi tribe, and appears to be of recent origin, and, to my mind, has
+a strong Caucasian flavor; besides, no vestige of such a tale is found
+in any other tribe that I have seen.
+
+They say that Einyambie (God) had four sons who lived with him in some
+aerial abode, and three of them came to the earth, leaving the oldest
+one with Einyambie. On their arrival here they held a big palaver as
+to what mode of life they should adopt. The oldest of the three wanted
+to build a town and plant some fruit, but the other two preferred to
+live in the forest and subsist upon the wild products of nature.
+Accordingly they separated, and the oldest went and built him a town,
+and planted some bananas and manioc, while the other two roamed about
+through the primeval bush, and ate such wild fruits as they could
+find, but they had no fire. After some talk about the matter, it was
+agreed that the older of the two should go to the brother in the town,
+and ask him for fire, while the younger should remain in the bush and
+gather up sticks of dry wood to burn. The one who had gone to town
+soon returned with fire, and the two got on quite well for a time, but
+when the wet season came on they found it more difficult to procure
+food, and at last it was decided that the elder should again visit the
+town to ask their brother to supply them, and the younger should
+remain to keep up the fire; but the youth went to sleep and let it die
+out, so, when the other returned with food, they had no fire to cook
+it. This vexed the elder very much and a quarrel ensued, in
+consequence of which they separated. The youngest brother was left
+alone in the deep bush, and, thus cut off from all fellowship with his
+brethren, he wandered about until he became wild and fierce, and for
+want of clothing was exposed to the weather, until a coat of hair grew
+all over him, and in this wise came the gorilla into the world.
+
+The next older brother, on leaving the remote forest, took up his
+abode near the town, and by this means came in contact at times with
+his brother in the town, from whom he learned a few useful things, and
+thus became more wise and civil than the one left in the bush; and
+from this one came the "bushman;" while the progeny of the one who
+built the town are _the people_ of the world. Such is the origin on
+earth of these three kindred races, as told by the sages of Galoi.
+
+You will observe that this novel has no woman in it, and her origin
+remains a question in Galoi.
+
+As a rule, the natives do not eat the gorilla, and very seldom kill
+one, but this I attribute more to fear than to respect. That great
+tribe of cannibals known as Pangwe, however, slay and eat him without
+compunction. This tribe was scarcely known on the coast a few years
+ago, but they are shifting like the desert sands from the interior,
+northeast of the Gaboon, to the coast southwest, until to-day they are
+found throughout the valley of the Ogowe, and as far south as Selle
+Kama, on the coast. They are the Jews of West Africa, and the life and
+soul of the trade of this part. They go into the bush for ivory,
+ebony, piassava, and dye-woods, and carry them for days to find sale
+for them. They drink much less rum than other natives, and deprecate
+slavery in all forms, except as hostage; but they are cruel, savage,
+and treacherous, and hold human life at small value.
+
+Up to this time I have not told you of the chimpanzee, which I have
+long believed to be the social and mental superior of the gorilla. My
+opinion was based upon a study of their skulls, and I was aware that
+many great men of science held opposite views; but all the evidence
+that I can find here, where they are best known, tends to confirm my
+belief. Every instinct of the gorilla seems to be averse to all human
+society; he delights in a life of seclusion in the most remote and
+desolate parts of the jungle, and I have never heard of but one
+gorilla that became even tolerant to man, much less attached to him,
+and this one was a mere infant. I have seen a few in captivity, but
+all of them are vicious, and devoid of any sense of gratitude
+whatever. On the other hand, the chimpanzee delights in the society of
+man, and displays many good traits. It is not at all rare to find tame
+ones on this coast, going about the premises at large, and quite as
+much at home as any resident. With this short preface I desire to
+introduce my own young friend, who lives with me in my forest home. He
+is a fine specimen of the chimpanzee race, and I call him Moses,
+because he was found in a papyrus swamp of the Ogowe. He is devoted to
+me, and cries after me like a spoiled baby, and follows me like a pet
+dog. I do not confine him, so he goes about in the bush near the cage,
+and selects some of the tender buds of young plants and vines, and
+returns to me to be petted and caressed. He is a great pleasure to me
+as well as a great plague, for he wants to hug me all the time, and
+never wants me to put him down. About ten o'clock every day he comes
+for a nap, and when I wrap him up and lay him on a box by my side, he
+sleeps quietly till noon. After a good sleep he climbs on my lap and
+embraces me with devotion, until I really tire of him. Much of the
+time I write with him on my lap, and when I put him outside the cage
+he climbs up near me, and begs and pulls my sleeve until I relent, and
+let him come inside again. When I leave my cage I usually take him
+with me, and when he sees me take my rifle he begins to fret, until I
+let him mount my back, which he does with great skill, and hangs on to
+me like the ivy to a church wall. A few days since, as we were
+returning from a short tour, I saw a young chimpanzee crossing the
+path about thirty yards from us, and I tried to induce Moses to call
+his little cousin; but he declined to do so, and I accused him of
+being proud because he was mounted and the other was afoot, and hence
+he would not speak to him.
+
+I am trying to teach Moses to speak English, but up to this time he
+has not succeeded. He tries to move his lips as I do, but makes no
+sound. However, he has only been in school a very short term, and I
+think he will learn by and by. I am also trying him on some simple
+problems with blocks, and sometimes I think he is doing quite
+well. I am giving him some lessons in cleanliness, and he listens
+with profound silence to my precepts, but when it comes to taking a
+bath, Moses is a rank heretic. He will allow his hands to be washed,
+but when it comes to wetting his face, no logic will convince him
+that he needs it. He has a great horror for large bugs, and when one
+comes near him he will talk like a phonograph, and brush at it
+with his hands until he gets rid of it. When he sees or hears anything
+strange, he always tells me in a low tone, unless it comes too
+near, and then he announces it with a yell. At times I refuse to pay
+any attention to him, and he will fall down, scream, and sulk like
+a very naughty child. He is extremely jealous, and does not want
+any one to come near me. I have made him a neat little house, with
+hammock and mosquito-bar, and at night I tuck him in, when he
+sleeps quietly until late in the morning. Then he crawls out, rubbing
+his eyes, and wants his breakfast. He wants to try everything he
+sees me eat.
+
+I must now tell you of the most novel and singular thing known of the
+chimpanzee, the native name of which is "_n'tyigo_" (n'cheego). All
+native tribes in this part of Africa use some species of drum to make
+the music for their frequent dances. The drum used by the N'Kami is
+called _n'gaema_, and the dance is called _kanjo_. The chimpanzees have
+a similar fete, and set to similar music. They meet in great numbers
+at a certain place in the bush, and beat their strange tum-tum, which
+the natives call the _n'gaema n'tyigo_. The performer makes a peculiar
+humming vocal sound while he beats on his mysterious drum with great
+zeal, during which time all the others go through a series of frantic
+motions which resemble a dance, and which the natives call the _kanjo
+n'tyigo_. When the music ceases, the dance ends for the time, and all
+the group join in a loud, wild shout. After a brief pause the dance is
+resumed, and these festivities are often continued for two or three
+hours. At intervals the musician is relieved by another taking his
+place, and two at a time have been known to beat and hum.
+
+I have heard of this in many parts of Africa with some slight
+changes of detail, but have as often been assured that it had
+defied the skill of all woodsmen to ascertain the real character of
+the drum used by them in this unique _n'kanjo_. Some assert that
+they beat upon a dead tree, others that they use a concave piece of
+wood or bark, while some contend that they strike the breast with
+their hands; but, during my sojourn here, I have been shown what I
+believe is the genuine _n'gaema n'tyigo_. It is a peculiar spot of
+sonorous earth, of irregular shape but usually about two feet in
+diameter, and formed of clay superimposed upon a soil resembling
+peat. It appears to be artificial, but the natives cannot tell
+whether it is natural or made by the _n'tyigo_, but it is fairly
+certain that it is used by the chimpanzee as described, and it is
+not a bad imitation of the native _n'gaema_. I have examined one of
+these with much care, and I am inclined to believe that it is
+artificial, as it is isolated from all similar clay, and appears to
+have been kneaded.
+
+I have, as yet, seen but few chimpanzees since I have taken up my
+abode at Fort Gorilla, but I hope to enjoy some private interviews
+with them before I decamp.
+
+It is difficult for me to tell you what it is to be alone in the bosom
+of the N'Kami forest. No fancy can portray the solitude of such a time
+and place. Just now the elements are in an angry mood; the thunder
+rolls along the sky, until the earth recoils and trembles at the
+sound; the wind shrieks through the jungle as if to find a refuge from
+impending wrath; the pouring rain pursues it with the speed of fear;
+the lightning waves its torch, and glowing chains of fire fall. Such
+is the way in which the long and dreary nights approach my hermitage.
+And yet, I am content among the dismal shadows of the wilderness, for
+Nature makes me her confidant, and every hour divulges some new
+secret; and my cage affords me such immunity from danger that I can
+sit quiescently and witness all her sports, as no one ever witnessed
+them before.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
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