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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/36902-8.txt b/36902-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce69524 --- /dev/null +++ b/36902-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2136 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of the Boundaries of Arlington +County, Virginia, by Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A History of the Boundaries of Arlington County, Virginia + +Author: Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +Release Date: July 30, 2011 [EBook #36902] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON COUNTY *** + + + + +Produced by Mark C. Orton and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +A HISTORY _of_ + +THE BOUNDARIES _of_ + +ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA + + + +Office of the County Manager +Arlington, Virginia +1967 + + + [Illustration: THE BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON + 1791 1801 1846 + 1870 1875 1915 1929 1936 1946 1966] + + + + +FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION + + +This collection of documentary references to the boundaries of +Arlington County was first published in 1957. This new edition +contains revisions made in the light of fuller knowledge, and brings +the story up-to-date by taking account of the change in the common +boundary with the City of Alexandria which went into effect on January +1, 1966. + +This pamphlet can serve as a guide for those who need to know what +jurisdiction covered this area at any particular time. It provides +information for the student as well as the title searcher--in fact, +for anyone interested in the history of what is now Arlington County. + +[Illustration: Signature of Bert W. Johnson] + +Bert W. Johnson +County Manager + + + + +A History of +The Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia + + + + +TABLE OF CONTENTS + + + Page + +Introduction--Arlington County Today 1 + +1608-1789 2 + The Charters of James I to the Virginia Company + Charles I Charter to Lord Baltimore + The Counties of the Northern Neck of Virginia + +1789-1847 3 + Into the District of Columbia: + Cession of 1789 + Location of the Federal District + Out of the District: + Acts of 1846 + In Virginia Once More, 1847 + +ARLINGTON'S BOUNDARY WITH THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA 14 + Establishment of Alexandria as a Town + Territorial Accretions of Alexandria to 1870 + County-City Separation, 1870 + Annexations by Alexandria from Arlington, 1915 and 1929 + Readjustment of Boundaries, 1966 + +ARLINGTON'S BOUNDARY WITH THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 24 + Boundary of Commission of 1935 + Acts of 1945 and 1946 + +POSTSCRIPTS--TOWNS IN ARLINGTON COUNTY 27 + The Town of Falls Church + The Town of Potomac + No More Towns + +Appendix. + +Bibliography. + + + + +A History of +The Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia + + +It is one of those paradoxes so characteristic of Arlington that the +area composing the County did not exist as a separate entity until it +was ceded by Virginia to form part of the District of Columbia. The +Act by which the Congress of the United States took jurisdiction over +this area directed that that portion of the District which had been +ceded by Virginia was to be known as the county of Alexandria.[1] (It +was not until 1920 that it received the name of Arlington.)[2] + + [1] Acts of Congress, February 27, 1801 and March 3, 1801. U.S. + Stat. at Large, Vol. 2, pp. 103, 115. + + [2] Acts of Assembly, 1920, Chapter 241. + +The present boundaries of Arlington may be described as: Beginning at +the intersection of Four Mile Run with the west shore line of the +Potomac River, westwardly, in general along the line of Four Mile Run, +without regard to its meanders, intersecting the south right-of-way +line of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad, then 1,858.44 feet +to where the center line of Shirlington Road intersects the said south +right-of-way line; thence south and slightly east to the center line +of Quaker Lane, then following the center line of Quaker Lane to a +point short of Osage Street in Alexandria where it moves to the north +line of Quaker Lane; thence to the east right-of-way line of Leesburg +Pike (King Street); thence with this line to the east side of 30th +Street, South, in Arlington, northeast on 30th Street, South, to the +circle; around said circle to the north side of South Columbus Street, +along this line to 28th Street, South, returning for a short distance +to Leesburg Pike, jogging east and north to 25th Street, South, and +then back to Leesburg Pike; thence along the Pike to the common +boundary of Alexandria and Fairfax; thence northeast along the former +Alexandria-Fairfax boundary until it intersects the original boundary +between Arlington and Fairfax; thence due northwest to a stone and +large oak tree approximately 200 feet west of Meridian Avenue (North +Arizona Street); thence due northeast to the shore of the Potomac; +thence along the mean high water mark of the shore of the Potomac +River, back to the point of beginning. This line encloses roughly +16,520 acres, or approximately 25.7 square miles, thus making +Arlington the third smallest county in the United States in respect to +area.[3] + + [3] The smallest is Kalawao County, Hawaii, and the second + smallest, Bristol County, Rhode Island. + +The boundaries of this area have been changed many times since it was +first sighted by Captain John Smith on his voyage up the Potomac in +1608--the year which can be said to mark the beginning of Arlington's +history. + + +_1608-1789_ + +The circumstances which placed Arlington in Virginia began to take +shape even earlier than 1608. The two companies organized to colonize +Virginia were granted their first charter by James I of England on +April 10, 1606.[4] This was styled "Letters Patent to Sir Thomas +Gates, Sir George Somers, and others, for two several Colonies and +Plantations, to be made in Virginia, and other parts and Territories +of America." The patentees were authorized "... to make habitation, +plantation, and to deduce a colony of sundry of our people into that +part of America, commonly called Virginia ..." between 34° north +latitude and 45° north and within 100 miles of the coast. Within this +area the spheres of operation of the two companies (which came to be +known as the London and Plymouth Companies because their principal +backers hailed from one or the other of these English towns) were +delineated. To the former was given the right to plant a colony within +the area from north latitude 34° to 41°, and to the latter within the +area from 38° to 45° inclusive. The overlapping area from 38° to 41° +was open to settlement by either company, though neither might +establish a settlement within 100 miles of territory occupied by the +other. The actual jurisdiction of each company was limited to 50 miles +in each direction from the first seat of plantation. This last +restriction was not carried over into the second charter. (Map I.) + + [4] Hening, Vol. i, p. 57. Cf. also Title 7.1, Sec. 1, _Code + of Virginia, 1950_. + + [Illustration: MAP I + Bounds Set by First Two Charters of the Virginia Company + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +Although the Plymouth Company sent out ships in the spring of 1607, +the settlement attempted by them on the coast of Maine was abandoned +the following year. The first settlement which was to prove permanent +was made by the London Company whose ships, sailing from London in +December 1606, reached the mouth of the James River in Virginia in +April 1607. The founding of "James Cittie" provided a point of +reference for the second charter of the London Company (which came to +be known as the Virginia Company). This charter,[5] granted in 1609, +gave it jurisdiction over + + "all those lands, countries, and territories, situate, lying, and + being, in that part of America called Virginia, from the point of + land, called Cape or Point Comfort, all along the sea coast, to + the northward 200 miles, and from the said Point or Cape Comfort, + all along the sea coast to the southward 200 miles, and all that + space and circuit of land, lying from the sea coast of the + precinct aforesaid, up into the land, throughout from sea to sea, + west and northwest; and also all the islands lying within one + hundred miles, along the coast of both seas of the precinct + aforesaid;..." + + [5] Hening, Vol. i, p. 80. Cf. also Title 7.1, Sec. 1, _Code + of Virginia, 1950_. + +This grant reflects the view of the best geographers of the day that +the Pacific Ocean lapped the western side of the as yet unexplored and +unnamed Appalachian Mountains. + +The third charter of the Virginia Company,[6] granted in 1612, +extended the eastern boundaries of the colony to cover "... all and +singular those Islands whatsoever, situate and being in any part of +the ocean seas bordering upon the coast of our said first colony in +Virginia, and being within three hundred leagues of any the parts +heretofore granted ..." This was done to include Bermuda which had +been discovered in the meantime. The charter of the Virginia Company +was annulled in 1624 by King James I, and its lands became a Crown +Colony. By this time, however, the Virginia settlements were firmly +established on and nearby the James River, and the Potomac River to +the falls was well known to traders with the Indians. + + [6] Hening, Vol. i, p. 100. + +The first limitation upon the extent of the "Kingdom of Virginia," as +it was referred to by King Charles I, who succeeded his father in +1625, came with the grant to Lord Baltimore of a proprietorship over +what became Maryland. This patent was granted in 1632; the first +settlers reached what became St. Mary's on the Potomac in 1634. That +part of the grant which is pertinent to the boundaries of Arlington +reads: + + "Going from the said estuary called Delaware Bay in a right line + in the degree aforesaid to the true meridian of the first fountain + of the river Potomac, then tending downward towards the south to + the farther bank of the said river and following it to where it + faces the western and southern coasts as far as to a certain place + called Cinquack situate near the mouth of the same river where it + discharges itself in the aforenamed bay of Chesapeake and thence + by the shortest line as far as the aforesaid promontory or place + called Watkins Point."[7] + + [7] Report of the District of Columbia-Virginia Boundary + Commission, 74th Congress, 2nd Session, _H.D. 374_, p. 3. + Cf. also, Hall, _Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684_, + p. 102. + +The most significant words of this grant, from the point of view of +Arlington, are "the farther banks of the said river." They explain why +the boundary between Arlington and the District of Columbia runs along +the Virginia shore of the river and not in midstream, and why +Roosevelt Island, which lies nearer Arlington than to the District, is +not a part of Arlington. The Constitution of Virginia adopted in 1776 +acknowledges this grant: + + "The territory contained within the charters erecting the colonies + of Maryland ... are hereby ceded, released, and forever confirmed + to the people of those colonies ..."[8] + + [8] Paragraph 21, Virginia Constitution of 1776. Hening, Vol. + i, p. 56. Cf. also, _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. + 1. + +Although at the time Charles I gave this grant to Lord Baltimore +Virginia was a Crown Colony and thus it could not be contended that he +was giving away lands he had no power to cede since they already had +been given to others, the Maryland-Virginia boundary became a subject +of controversy as soon as the first Maryland settlers arrived, and has +continued so until almost the present time. Indeed, one might say that +the ghost has been laid only temporarily since echoes of the dispute +appear in today's newspapers: "Maryland and Virginia Start New Round +in Oyster War"--"Pentagon Area a No Man's Land." These headlines +derive in a direct line from the grant of King Charles I to Calvert, +Lord Baltimore, in 1632.[9] + + [9] Conway, _The Compacts of Virginia_, p. 8. + +To leave, for a time, the Potomac boundary of Arlington, let us turn +to the narrowing of the boundaries of the landward side of the County. +In the development of governmental administration, counties began to +be created in Virginia in mid-17th Century. The area which became +Arlington was successively in Northumberland, Westmoreland, Stafford, +Prince William, and finally, Fairfax counties. (Map II.) Consequently, +the history of land tenure and legislation for Arlington must be +sought in the records of these counties for the relevant period. + + [Illustration: MAP II + Development of Northern Neck Counties + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +Northumberland County was definitely created in 1648 by an Act of the +General Assembly[10] which provided + + "that the said tract of land ['Chickcoun and other parts of the + Neck of land between Rappahonock River and Potomack River'] be + hereafter called and knowne by the name of the county of + Northumberland...." + + [10] Hening, Vol. i, p. 352. Northumberland was first mentioned + by name in an Act (IX) of February 1645, and sent its first + representative to the Legislature for the session of November + 1645. + +and was given power to elect Burgesses. A later Act[11] declared: + + "_It is enacted_, That the inhabitants which are or shall be + seated on the south side of the Petomecke River shall be included + and are hereafter to be accompted within the county of + Northumberland." + + [11] Act III, October 1649. Hening, Vol. i, p. 362. + +Settlement was pushing north, however, and in July 1653, Westmoreland +was carved out of the then existing Northumberland. It was decreed: + + "ordered by this present Grand Assembly that the bounds of the + county of Westmorland be as followeth (vizt.) from Machoactoke + river where Mr. Cole lives: And so upwards to the falls of the + great river of Pawtomake above the Necostins Towne."[12] + + [12] Hening, Vol. i, p. 381. + +Conditions on the frontier, however, made it necessary in 1662 to +unite Westmoreland and Northumberland counties for administrative +purposes "until otherwise ordered by the governor."[13] There is no +record of the date of his later decision to separate the two counties +but he must have done so. + + [13] Hening, Vol. ii, p. 151. + +Similarly, there is no definite record of the establishment of +Stafford County. The first legislative reference to Stafford is in an +Act[14] exempting the inhabitants of Stafford because of the "newnesse +of its ground" from a general requirement laid upon counties to employ +a weaver and set up a public loom. In this year of 1666 Stafford sent +a delegate to the General Assembly. The County, however, must have +been in existence earlier since there is a record of the Stafford +County Court Book which on page one relates to a meeting of the Court +for the County on May 27, 1664.[15] The boundaries of the County are +nowhere set forth at this early date, but that they encompassed the +Arlington area is clear from a direction of the Legislature in 1676 +that a fort be established "on Potomack river at or near John Mathews +in the county of Stafford."[16] John Mathews' land was on the lower +side of Great Hunting Creek[17] but there would have been no reason at +that time to erect a separate county to the north. + + [14] Act VIII, October 1666. + + [15] Robinson, _Virginia Counties_, p. 87. This court book + may also be inspected at the Stafford County Court House. + + [16] Hening, Vol. ii, p. 327. + + [17] Stetson, _Four Mile Run Land Grants_, p. 1. + +There were no further changes affecting the county within which +Arlington lay until 1730 when Prince William County was formed. An Act +of the General Assembly declared that after March 25, 1731, + + "all the land, on the heads of the said counties [Stafford and + King George] above the Chopawansick Creek, on Patomack river, and + Deep run, on Rappahannock river and a southward line to be made + from the head of the north branch of the said creek to the head of + the said Deep run, be divided and exempt from said counties ... + and be made a distinct county, and shall be called and known by + the name of Prince William County."[18] + + [18] Acts of Assembly, May 1730, Chapter XVII. Hening, Vol. iv, + p. 303. + +It was not many years until Fairfax County came into being: + + "... from and immediately after the first day of December now next + ensuing, the said county of Prince William be divided into two + counties: That is to say, all that part thereof, lying on the + south side of Occoquan, and Bull Run; and from the head of the + main branch of Bull Run, by a straight course to the Thoroughfare + of the Blue Ridge of mountains, known by the name of Ashby's Gap + or Bent, shall be one distinct county, and retain the name of + Prince William County: And be one distinct parish, and retain the + name of Hamilton parish. And all that other part thereof, + consisting of the parish of Truro, shall be one other distinct + county, and called and known by the name of Fairfax county...."[19] + + [19] Acts of Assembly, May 1742, Chapter XXVII. Hening, Vol. v, + p. 207. + +Thus from December 1742 until the District of Columbia was formally +organized by Act of Congress (February 27, 1801) what is now Arlington +was part of Fairfax County. + + +_1789-1847_ + +Maryland and Virginia had agreed to meet in 1785 to discuss the +controversy over the navigation of the Potomac and their joint +boundary. The Commissioners who took part in this meeting did more +than draw up a compact subsequently ratified by their respective +States. From this meeting eventually came the call for the convention +which resulted in the Constitution of the United States and the +decision to set aside a tract of land ten miles square for the seat of +the Federal Government. + +The Maryland-Virginia compact on the Potomac was signed on March 28, +1785, and confirmed by the General Assembly of Virginia in 1786.[20] +Although it was designed primarily to settle navigation and fishing +rights, its seventh section provided: "The citizens of each State, +respectively, shall have full property rights in the shores of +Patowmack river adjoining their land...." This has been interpreted to +mean property rights to low water mark. The dispute over this point +became of significance in the 20th Century with the construction of +the National Airport and the Pentagon Building. + + [20] Acts of Assembly, 1785, Chapter XVII. Hening, Vol. xii, + pp. 50-55. Cf. also _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, + Section 7, and Conway, _The Compacts of Virginia_, p. 5. The + Potomac River Fisheries Compact of 1958 (Acts of Assembly, + 1962, Chapter 406; _Code of Virginia 1950_, Title 28.1, Sec. + 203) did not affect Arlington. + +Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of the United States gives +the Congress power to accept a territory not exceeding ten miles +square to be set aside as the seat of the Federal Government. The +story of the compromise which led to the selection of a site on the +Potomac is told in all the history books.[21] These, however, rarely +give the details of how the exact area which became the District of +Columbia came to be chosen. + + [21] Cf. for example, Samuel Eliot Morison & Henry Steele + Commager, _The Growth of the American Republic_, Vol. I, + p. 332. New York, 1962. Leon H. Canfield & Howard B. Wilder, + _The Making of Modern America_, p. 148. Boston, 1964. + +In 1789, the Virginia legislature adopted an Act[22] offering to cede +"ten miles square, or any lesser Quantity of Territory within the +State" to the United States for the permanent seat of the general +government. Section I of this Act recited the motive: "Whereas the +equal and common benefits resulting from the administration of the +general government will be best diffused, and its operation become +more prompt and certain, by establishing such a situation for the seat +of the said government, as will be most central and convenient to the +citizens of the United States at large, having regard as well to +population, extent of territory, and a free navigation to the Atlantic +Ocean, through the Chesapeake bay, as to the most direct and ready +communication with our fellow citizens in the western frontier; and +whereas it appears to this Assembly that a situation combining all +considerations and advantages before recited, may be had on the banks +of the river Patowmack, above tide water, in a country rich and +fertile in soil, healthy and salubrious in climate, and abounding in +all the necessaries and conveniences of life, where in a location of +ten miles square, if the wisdom of Congress shall so direct, the +States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia may participate in such +location." + + [22] Acts of Assembly, 1789, Chapter XXXII, p. 19. + +It is clear from the inclusion of Pennsylvania as one of the +participating States, and the reference to "above tide water" that the +Virginia legislators of those days had in mind a tract somewhat higher +up the river than that which was eventually chosen. Indeed, the first +Act of Congress[23] dealing with this subject set the limits within +which the Federal District was to be established "on the river +Potomac, at some place between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and +Connogochegue" (a tributary of the Potomac some 20 miles south of the +Pennsylvania State line) and authorized the President to appoint three +commissioners to survey and "by proper metes and bounds" define and +limit the district to be accepted by the Congress. + + [23] July 16, 1790. + +By a proclamation of January 24, 1791,[24] President Washington +directed that a survey should be made. + + [24] Richardson, _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_, + Vol. I, p. 100. + + "... after duly examining and weighing the advantages and + disadvantages of the several situations within the limits + aforesaid, I do hereby declare and make known that the location of + one part of the said district of 10 miles square shall be found by + running four lines of experiment in the following manner, that is + to say: Running from the court-house of Alexandria, in Virginia, + due southwest half a mile, and thence a due southeast course till + it shall strike Hunting Creek, to fix the beginning of the said + four lines of experiment. + + "Then beginning the first of the said four lines of experiment at + the point on Hunting Creek where the said southeast course shall + have struck the same, and running to the said first line due + northwest 10 miles; thence the second line into Maryland due + northeast 10 miles; thence the third line due southeast 10 miles, + and thence the fourth line due southwest 10 miles to the beginning + on Hunting Creek." + +Since the tract thus specified did not lie within the limits set by +the Act of July 1790, the Congress was asked to authorize the moving +of the southern boundary point of the "ten miles square" farther south +to include the Eastern Branch and the town of Alexandria. Accordingly, +the Act of July 16, 1790, was amended by an Act approved March 3, +1791: + + "... it shall be lawful for the President to make any part of the + territory below the said limit [the confluence of the Eastern + Branch with the Potomac] and above the mouth of Hunting Creek, a + part of said district, so as to include a convenient part of the + Eastern Branch, and of the lands lying on the lower side thereof + and also the town of Alexandria...." + +No time was lost in establishing definite boundaries for the new +district, and on March 30, 1791, President Washington issued a +proclamation declaring + + "that the whole of the said territory shall be located and + included within the four lines following, that is to say: + + "Beginning at Jones's Point, being the upper cape of Hunting + Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle in the outset of 45 degrees + west of the north, and running in a direct line 10 miles for the + first line; then beginning again at the same Jones's Point and + running another direct line at a right angle with the first across + the Potomac 10 miles for the second line; then from the + termination of the said first and second lines running two other + direct lines of 10 miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch + aforesaid and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a + point. + + "... and the territory so to be located, defined, and limited + shall be the whole territory accepted by the said acts of Congress + as the district for the permanent seat of the Government of the + United States."[25] + + [25] Richardson, _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_, Vol. + I, p. 102. + +The cornerstone was set at Jones Point, on the bank of the Potomac +below Alexandria, on April 15, 1791. Many of the original stones, set +at intervals of one mile along the boundary, are still in place though +badly showing the effects of time.[26] The stone referred to +earlier--at the northwest corner of present Arlington County--is +chipped and almost overgrown by the great oak tree near which it was +placed. A small tract surround this stone has been set aside as a +public park, jointly owned by the City of Falls Church and the +counties of Arlington and Fairfax. + + [26] Ernest A. Shuster, Jr., "Original Boundary Stones of the + District of Columbia"; _The National Geographic Magazine_, + Vol. XX, pp. 356-359 (April, 1909). + +It is interesting that the Acts of Congress setting up the District of +Columbia should have specified that no public buildings were to be +erected on the Virginia side of the Potomac.[27] The Act of 1790 +empowered the commissioners to buy or accept the gift of land for the +site of public buildings only on the eastern side of the Potomac. The +Act of 1791 made this limitation more explicit: + + "... nothing herein contained, shall authorize the erection of + public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the river + Potomac." + + [27] It has been hinted that George Washington insisted upon + this to refute rumors that he had been influenced in his choice + of a site by motives of personal gain since he owned land in + Arlington. Cf. Moore, _Seaport in Virginia_, p. 39. + +It is curious that this should have been so since the General Assembly +of Virginia in 1789 followed its Act ceding territory for the +formation of a Federal District by a joint resolution promising to +appropriate not less than $120,000 (a considerable sum in those days) +for public buildings in this territory if Maryland would put up an +amount not less than three-fifths as much. The fact that there were no +Federal office buildings on the Virginia side of the Potomac was used +as an argument for the retrocession of this area in mid-19th Century. + +The compromise which had resulted in the selection of the Potomac as +the site of the Federal District included an agreement that the seat +of the Government should be in Philadelphia for a period of ten years. +Accordingly, it was not until 1800 that the Congress and Government +offices were moved to the City of Washington in the District of +Columbia. + +Almost from the beginning there was dissatisfaction among the +inhabitants of Alexandria County at being part of the District of +Columbia. This sentiment crystallized in 1846 when the General +Assembly adopted an Act[28] expressing the willingness of Virginia to +accept the territory should the Congress re-cede it. A petition was +presented to the Congress by the residents requesting that this be +done. The petition was referred to the Committee on the District which +reported: + + "The experience of more than forty years seems to have + demonstrated that the cession of the county and town of Alexandria + was unnecessary for any of the purposes of a seat of government, + mischievous to the interests of the State at large, and especially + injurious to the people of that portion which was ceded by + Virginia."[29] + + [28] Acts of Assembly, 1845-47, p. 50. + + [29] Quoted in "Remonstrance of the Mayor and Citizens of + Alexandria...." + +Accordingly, a bill was introduced to turn back to Virginia the +area ceded by it in 1789. After considerable debate as to its +constitutionality, the bill was enacted on July 9, 1846. It stipulated +that the retrocession should be contingent upon a referendum among the +people of the area in question. The referendum was held[30] and the vote +was 763 for and 222 against retrocession. + + [30] Although the "Remonstrance" cited above states that the + vote was held on August 17, 1846, the presidential proclamation + putting the transfer into effect declares the poll to have been + taken _viva voce_ at the Court House on September 1 and 2. + The August date is given in the proclamation as that on which + five commissioners were appointed by the President and directed + to take the poll. + +On September 7, 1846, President Polk announced the results of the +referendum and called "upon all and singular the persons whom it doth +or may concern to take notice that the act aforesaid [of July 9, 1846] +'is in full force and effect.'"[31] It was not until the next year, +however, that Virginia got around to extending its jurisdiction over +the "county of Alexandria." On March 13, 1847, "An Act to extend the +jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia over the county of +Alexandria" was passed. It stated: + + "... The territory comprising the county of Alexandria in the + District of Columbia heretofore ceded by this Commonwealth to the + United States and by an Act of Congress of July 9, 1846, retroceded + to Virginia and by it accepted shall be an integral portion of the + Commonwealth." + + [31] Richardson, _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_, Vol. + IV, p. 470. The legality of the retrocession was unsuccessfully + challenged in 1875. Cf. _Phillips_ v. _Payne_, U.S. Reports, + S.C. Otto 2, p. 130. + +The Act provided that after March 20, 1847, the laws of Virginia were +to be in force in this territory, and went on: + + "That the territory so retroceded and accepted, comprising the + county of Alexandria, shall constitute a new county, retaining the + name of the county of Alexandria, the court-house whereof shall be + in the Town of Alexandria where the courts now sit...."[32] + + [32] Acts of Assembly, 1846-47, Chapter 53. Cf. also, _Code of + Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 9. For a full account of the + actions on the part of both the United States and Virginia in + connection with this retrocession, cf. Harrison Mann, + "Chronology of Action on the Part of the United States to + Complete Retrocession of Alexandria County (Arlington County) + to Virginia," _The Arlington Historical Magazine_, Vol. 1, No. + 1 (1957), pp. 15-23; and "Chronology of Action on the Part of + the State of Virginia to Complete Retrocession of Alexandria + County (Arlington County) to Virginia" _Ibid._, Vol. 1, No. 2 + (1958), pp. 43-51. + +Tentative efforts have been made from time to time to re-annex this +area to the District of Columbia. It was on one such occasion, in 1865, +that a "Remonstrance of the Mayor and Citizens of Alexandria against +the Bill to annex the city and county of Alexandria to the District of +Columbia" concluded that "Annexation to the District at this time is +repugnant to the feelings and wishes and would be ruinous to the +interests of the people of Alexandria." + + +_Arlington's Boundary with the City of Alexandria_ + +Until 1870, Alexandria, first as a Town and, after 1852 as a City, was +geographically part of the County of Alexandria. However, its +boundaries must be considered from the beginning because all Acts +extending the area of the Town were made in reference to the +pre-existing limits. It is impossible to comprehend the effect of any +given change without tracing the boundaries back to--or forward +from--the beginning. (Map III.) + + [Illustration: MAP III + Boundaries of the Town and City of Alexandria 1749 to 1915 + Drafted by W.B. Allison and B. Sims] + +In 1748, a charter was issued to a group of trustees to establish a +Town + + "covering 60 acres of land, parcel of the lands of Philip + Alexander, John Alexander, and Hugh West, situate, lying and being + on the south side of Potomac River about the mouth of Great Hunting + Creek and in the county of Fairfax ... beginning at the mouth of + the first branch above the warehouse, and extending down the + meanders of the said River Potomac to a point called Middle Point, + and thence down the said river ten poles; and from thence by a line + parallel to the dividing line between John Alexander's land and + Philip Alexander, and back into the woods for the quantity + aforesaid."[33] + + [33] Hening, Vol. vi, p. 214. Cited by title as "An Act for + erecting a town at Hunting Creek warehouse, in the county of + Fairfax." The text of the Act is given in the _Journal of the + House of Burgesses_, and quoted in Caton, _Legislative + Chronicles of the City of Alexandria_, p. 7. + +The land was surveyed and lots sold by auction in July 1749. A map with +a notation of the purchasers was made by George Washington,[34] at that +time a boy of seventeen. On the north, the lots lay along the north +side of Oronoco Street, one block below Water Street (later Lee; at +that time it was interrupted between Queen and King Streets by the +shore line of the River), and on the south, lots were laid off on the +south side of Duke Street. The Potomac with its bend between Oronoco +and the south side of Prince Street, formed the eastern boundary, while +the western was a line of lots on the west side of Royal Street. There +were 84 lots in all, four to a block for the most part except for the +northwest portion where a stream, rising on Pitt Street between Cameron +and Queen, drained into the Potomac north of Oronoco Street. This is +the "first branch above the warehouse" referred to in the charter. + + [34] In the Library of Congress. Reproduced in Moore, + _Seaport in Virginia_, pp. 10-11. + +The first increment came in 1762 when the General Assembly passed "An +Act for enlarging the town of Alexandria in the county of Fairfax."[35] +On the ground that all of the lots included within the bounds of the +town had been built on except for some lying in low wet marsh, this Act +included in Alexandria the + + "... lands of Baldwin Dade, Sibel West, John Alexander the elder + and John Alexander the younger which lie contiguous to the said + town ... beginning at the corner of the lot denoted in the plan of + said town by the figures 77 [at the south side of Duke St., three + lots from its intersection with Water (Lee) Street] on the said + river Potowmack, at the lower end of the said town, and to extend + thence down the said river the breadth of two half acres, and one + street thence back into the fields, by a line parallel to the lower + line of the said town, such a distance as to include ten half acre + lots and four streets; thence by a line parallel with the present + back line of the said town to the extent of seventeen half acre + lots and eight streets, and from thence by a line at right angles + with the last to the river." + + [35] Hening, Vol. vii, p. 604. Acts of Assembly, November 1762, + Chapter XXV. + +Until 1779 the Town of Alexandria had had no formal government, being +managed by a Board of Trustees whose interest was primarily in the sale +of land. In that year, however, the Town was incorporated by the +General Assembly with provision for a Mayor, Council, and other +officials. The charter[36] made no mention of boundaries except to give +the town authorities jurisdiction over the territory within a half mile +of the town limits. Another Act[37] adopted at the same session stated +that lots had been laid off by John Alexander adjacent to the town in +1774 and sold with the stipulation that they be built on within two +years. Because of the difficulty of obtaining building materials due to +wartime conditions not all the purchasers had been able to meet this +requirement. The Act extended the period within which building on these +lots was required to two years + + "after the end of the present war ... and the same are hereby + annexed to and made part of the said town of Alexandria." + + [36] Hening, Vol. x, p. 172. "An Act for incorporating the town + of Alexandria in the County of Fairfax." + + [37] Hening, Vol. x, p. 192. Acts of Assembly, 1779, Chapter + XXXI: "An Act to confirm certain sales and leases by the + trustees of the town of Alexandria and to enlarge said + town...." + +The width and direction of the streets to be laid off in the area +surrounding the Town was regulated by an Act of 1785,[38] but this did +not extend the actual town limits. The area affected was described as: + + "Beginning at Great Hunting Creek and running parallel with Fairfax + street to four mile run or creek so as to intersect King street + when extended one mile west of the courthouse, thence eastwardly + down the said creek or run to its confluence with the Potomac + river, thence southwardly down the said river to the mouth of Great + Hunting Creek...." + + [38] Acts of Assembly, October 1785, Chapter XCI. Hening, Vol. + xii, p. 205. + +In the next year, however, the Legislature provided + + "That the limits of the town of Alexandria shall extend to and + include as well the lots formerly composing the said town, as those + adjoining thereto which have been and are improved."[39] + + [39] Acts of Assembly, October 1786, Chapter LXXIII. Hening, + Vol. xii, p. 362. + +The town was still growing, and ten years later the General Assembly +again extended its legal limits. + + "Whereas several additions of lots contiguous to the town of + Alexandria have been laid off by the proprietors of the land in + lots of half an acre each extending to the north that range of lots + upon the north side of a street called Montgomery; upon the south, + to the line of the District of Columbia [this line had been + surveyed but Alexandria had not yet been incorporated in the + District] upon the west, to a range of lots upon the west side of + West street, and upon the east to the river Patowmac; that many of + the lots in those additions have already been built upon, and many + more will so be improved; and whereas it has been represented to + the General Assembly that the inhabitants residing on said lots are + not subject to the regulations made and established for the orderly + government of the town and for the preservation of the health of + the inhabitants, by the prevention and removal of nuisances, upon + which their property and well being does very much depend: + + "1. _Be it Therefore Enacted_: That each and every lot or part + of a lot within the aforesaid limits, on which at this time is + built a dwelling house of at least 16 feet square, or equal thereto + in size, with a brick or stone chimney and that each and every lot + within said limits which shall hereafter be so built upon, shall be + incorporated with the said town of Alexandria and considered as + part thereof."[40] + + [40] Acts of Assembly, November 1796, Chapter 32. Shepherd, + Vol. ii, p. 41. + +The following year this Act was amended[41] to include unimproved lots +since their development was being hindered by the exclusion. These were +the boundaries of the Town when it became part of the District of +Columbia. They remained unchanged for nearly half a century thereafter. +The charter for the town adopted by the Congress on February 25, +1804,[42] specified that the limits should be those prescribed by the +Acts of Virginia. The jurisdiction of the town officials, however, was +extended to the + + "house lately built in the vicinity of the town for the accommodation + of the poor and others" + +and over the ten acres of ground surrounding the poor house. This is at +what is now Monroe Street and Jefferson Davis Highway. Although the +Charter was amended several times while Alexandria was in the District, +no changes were made in the Town boundaries. + + [41] Acts of Assembly, December 1797, Chapter 60. Shepherd, + Vol. ii, p. 122. + + [42] U.S. _Stat. at Large_, Vol. 2, p. 255. + +After the retrocession of "the county and town of Alexandria" (v.s., p. +13) not only were the boundaries changed, but the Town was chartered as +a City. Section 22 of the new charter[43] provided: + + "The line of the City of Alexandria shall be extended on the north + and west as follows: Beginning in the Potomac River at a point + distant northerly in the direction of Fairfax Street four hundred + nineteen feet and two inches from the north line of the present + corporate limits of the town of Alexandria in said river, and + running thence westerly, parallel with said north line, to a point + at which it would intersect the present western line if extended + north four hundred nineteen feet and ten inches; thence + southwesterly with the present western line but the said city + council shall have authority to make such police and sanitary + regulations of the territory reaching ten feet west of the western + bank of Hooff's or Mushpot Run; then parallel to and at that + distance from said run to the line dividing Alexandria from Fairfax + county; then southeasterly with said dividing line to the present + southwest corner of the said town of Alexandria." + + [43] Acts of Assembly, 1852, Chapter 358, p. 241. + +The next year the Charter was amended,[44] again altering the +boundaries: + + "Beginning in the Potomac river at a point distant northwardly in + the direction of Fairfax street four hundred and nineteen feet and + two inches from the present north line of the corporate limits of + the town in said river, and running westerly parallel to said north + line to intersect the west line of said limits produced northwardly + four hundred and nineteen feet and two inches; thence southwardly + with said west line produced to the northwest corner of the said + limits; thence eastwardly with the said north line into the river; + then northwardly to the beginning: Beginning again at the + intersection of the northwestern line of said limits with the north + line of Cameron street; then southwardly with said western line, to + the county line; then northwardly with the county line to the point + where it intersects the brick wall on the south side of the Little + River Turnpike road; then northwardly by a straight line to the + east corner of John Hooff's lot on the south side of King street + extended; then crossing King street extended to the west corner of + the lot of the late Col. Francis Peyton; then with the west line of + said lot and the course thereof to the north line of Cameron street + extended; then by a straight line to the beginning." + + [44] Acts of Assembly, 1853, Chapter 484. Adopted February 18, + 1853. + +The next addition came in 1858[45] when the boundaries were described +as: + + "Beginning in the Potomac River, at a point distant northerly, in + the direction of Fairfax Street five hundred and ninety five feet + and nine inches from the north line of Montgomery street, as now + established in said city, and extended into said river; and running + thence westerly and parallel with said north line to a point at + which this course will intersect a line one hundred twenty three + feet and five inches west of and running parallel to the western + line of West street as now established, when extended; thence + southerly parallel with West street, to the north line of Cameron + street as now established; thence westerly in the direction of the + north line of Cameron street extended, to a point in a line with + the west line of the lot of the late Francis Peyton, on which he + resided; thence southerly, parallel with West street, to the south + line of King street, extended; thence in a straight line to a point + in the line dividing the county of Fairfax and Alexandria from each + other, ten feet west of Hoof's Run; thence southerly, parallel to, + and distant 10 feet from Hoof's Run to the middle of Hunting Creek + thence with the middle of Hunting Creek into the Potomac River; + then up the said river to the beginning." + + [45] Acts of Assembly, 1858, Chapter 270. Enacted April 2, + 1858. + +This line remained in effect until January 27, 1865, when an amendment +to the charter[46] withdrew from the jurisdiction of the city all the +territory in Fairfax county (bounded by the old District line, Hooff's +Run and Hunting Creek) which had been added to the town by the charter +of 1858. The next year, on January 25, 1866, the General Assembly +rescinded this action and restored the boundaries of 1858.[47] A further +change occurred in this area on February 20, 1871, when the last part +of the description was changed to read: + + "... to a point in the line dividing the county of Fairfax and + Alexandria from each other, ten feet west of Hooff's Run; thence + southerly with the said line into the Potomac River; thence up said + river to the beginning."[48] + + [46] Acts of Assembly 1865/66, Chapter IX. + + [47] Acts of Assembly 1866/67, Chapter 152. + + [48] Acts of Assembly 1871, Chapter 73. The frequent and rapid + changes in this boundary appear to have been related to the + complexion of the electorate in the affected area and the + varying political sentiments of the immediate post Civil War + and Reconstruction periods. + +A major change occurred on May 1, 1870, when the City of Alexandria was +excluded from the County. This came about through the implementation of +an Act of the Assembly[49] following the adoption of a new Virginia +Constitution in 1869. In delineating the magisterial districts into +which counties were to be divided it was provided that "no part of any +town or city having a separate organization, or a population of five +thousand or more inhabitants, shall be embraced." Alexandria was such a +city and thereafter was independent of as well as outside of the +County. + + [49] Acts of Assembly, 1869-70, Chapter 39. + + [Illustration: MAP IV + Areas Annexed by the City of Alexandria in 1915 and 1929 + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +There were no further legislative changes in the boundaries of the City +of Alexandria after 1871. In 1915, however, the Supreme Court of +Appeals of Virginia, reversed a decision of the Circuit Court of +Alexandria County given on January 13, 1913. The City Council of +Alexandria had sought to annex adjoining territory from both Fairfax +and Alexandria counties and had been opposed by the authorities of +those counties who had been upheld by the Circuit Court. The Order of +the Supreme Court of Appeals[50] transferred 866 acres from Arlington +and 450 acres from Fairfax to Alexandria. + + [50] Alexandria County, _Deed Book 146_, p. 387. See Appendix. + Cf. also, C. B. Rose, Jr., "Annexation of a Portion of + Arlington County by the City of Alexandria in 1915," _The + Arlington Historical Magazine_, pp. 22-36, Vol. 2, No. 4 + (1964). For a discussion of the judicial process of annexation, + cf. Bain, _Annexation in Virginia_. + +This annexation took effect on April 1, 1915. Once more thereafter +Arlington County--as it became known after 1920[51]--was to lose +territory to the City of Alexandria. This was in 1929 when a decision +of the Supreme Court of Appeals[52] rendered May 4, 1929, found in favor +of the City of Alexandria which had begun annexation proceedings in +December 1927. + + [51] Acts of Assembly, 1920, Chapter 241. + + [52] Arlington County, _Common Law Order Book 12_, p. 293. + Also, _Deed Book 306_, p. 300. + +The Court held that "it is necessary and expedient that the corporate +limits of the City of Alexandria should be extended" and that "the +territory to be annexed from Arlington County is a reasonably compact +body of land and contains no land which is not adapted to city +improvement, and the Court being also of the opinion that no land is +included which the City will not need in the reasonably near future for +development ..." + +The Court ordered the annexation[53] to take effect on December 31, +1929. The line thus established remained in effect until January 1, +1966. + + [53] See Appendix. + +This was the last annexation of territory from Arlington County. A +special provision of the Act[54] establishing the County Manager plan +of government, adopted by Arlington in 1930, effective January 1, 1932, +prevents the annexation of any _part_ of the County (but permits +annexation of the _entire_ County after referendum). In 1938, as a +further precaution, the legislative delegation representing Arlington +County succeeded in having the General Assembly enact a law[55] which +prohibits the annexation of territory from any county which would +result in reducing the area of that county to less than 60 square miles +of highland. Since Arlington has less than 26 square miles, this Act +effectively checks any further such encroachments upon its territory. + + [54] Acts of Assembly, 1930, Chapter 167; Cf. also, _Code of + Virginia, 1950_, Title 15.1, Sec. 692. + + [55] Acts of Assembly, 1938, Chapter 22; Cf. also, _Code of + Virginia, 1950_, Title 15.1, Sec. 1056. + +Development on both sides of the 1929 boundary line, construction of +streets and notably of the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway--and +especially changes in the channel of Four Mile Run--eventually brought +dissatisfaction with that line. In 1962, the Arlington and Alexandria +legislative delegations secured enactment by the General Assembly of an +Act[56] permitting an adjustment in the boundary to be concluded by +mutual agreement between the governing bodies of the County and the +City, the agreement to be recorded in the Clerk's Office of both +jurisdictions. + + [56] Acts of Assembly, 1962, Chapter 314. + +Negotiations began after the area affected had been surveyed and the +private property which might be the subject of exchange had been +appraised. Impetus was given by the need of Arlington for land in +connection with enlargement of the County sewage treatment facilities; +this land, although on the North side of Four Mile Run fell in +Alexandria. Finally, the Arlington County Board gave approval in +principle to a draft proposal on April 10, 1965,[57] and on April 13, +1965, the Alexandria City Council followed suit. A public hearing was +held on May 5, 1965, but final action was deferred pending refinement +of the proposal. In December 1965, the final agreement was recorded[58] +and the transfer of certain publicly owned property approved by the +Circuit Court. The net gain to Arlington's area was 167 acres. + + [57] Arlington County Board Minute Book XXI, p. 54. + + [58] Alexandria _Deed Book_, 641, p. 188 (December 21, 1965); + Arlington _Deed Book_, 1609, p. 453 (December 23, 1965); + Arlington _Common Law Order Book_ 85, p. 197. For the + description of the new boundary, see Appendix. + +This procedure for rectifying boundaries between a County and a City is +highly unusual in the Virginia experience. + + +_Arlington's Boundary with the District of Columbia_ + +No definite effort was made at the time of the recession of Alexandria +County to Virginia to draw a boundary line between the County and the +remaining portion of the District of Columbia. As noted above, the +various acts bringing about the recession referred only to "the +territory heretofore ceded by the Commonwealth of Virginia." The actual +boundary was of small moment at the time. + +Toward the end of the 19th Century, however, the United States +Government acquired lands on the Virginia shore of the Potomac largely +through the purchase of the Arlington estate. As the 20th Century +progressed, roads (notably the Mount Vernon Boulevard and later the +George Washington Memorial Parkway) were constructed, bridges and +bridge approaches built and, eventually, the Federal Government +undertook to construct the National Airport at Gravelly Point below +Alexander's Island. A suit[59] over government activity in making a land +fill raised questions as to the exact location of the boundary--and +indeed as to whether Alexander's Island really was an island or was a +peninsula. This case, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court on May 4, +1931, set the boundary line between the District of Columbia and +Virginia at the high water mark of the Potomac on the Virginia shore as +it existed in 1791. + + [59] _Washington Airport_ vs. _Smoot Sand and Gravel Corp_., + 283 U.S. 348. Cf. also, _Marine Railroad and Coal Co_. v. + _U.S._, 257 U.S. 47. + +But where had that high water mark been? There had been no survey at +the time; the shore line had never been marked; and even had it been, +the passage of time had made many changes in the river front.[60] A +Commission was established[61] to deal with this question. The +instructions to this Commission were to take into consideration the +decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, the findings and +report of the Maryland-Virginia Commission of 1877[62] and the +Maryland-Virginia compact of 1785.[63] + + [60] This indefinite boundary line "lies in many places some + distance from the Potomac River." _Report No. 895_, H.R., 78th + Congress, 1st Session. + + [61] 48 U.S. Stat. 453; Virginia Acts of Assembly, 1932, p. + 485. + + [62] _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 7. This + Commission dealt only with the boundary below Jones Point but + chose _low water mark_ as the line. The pertinent words of + the agreement (ratified by Virginia in 1878) are: "The low + water mark on the Potomac to which Virginia has a right in the + soil, is to be measured ... from low-water mark at one headland + to low water at another, without following indentations, bays, + creeks, inlets, or affluent rivers. Virginia is entitled not + only to full dominion over the soil to low water mark on the + south shore of the Potomac, but has a right to such use of the + river...." Interpretation of this agreement took many years and + it was 1930 before the line actually was surveyed and + monumented. + + [63] _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 7. Cf. also + page 9 above. + +The Commission accumulated a large volume of testimony and exhibits and +completed its report[64] in 1935. It found that the "fair and proper +boundary is the low water mark on the Virginia shore running from +headland to headland across creeks and inlets." It pointed out that +inasmuch as the mark of 1791 could not be determined the low water mark +should be accepted as of this day. It suggested that an exception be +made at Roaches Run where the line should run 150 feet west of and +parallel to the west line of the Mount Vernon Boulevard. + + [64] Report of District of Columbia--Virginia Boundary + Commission, 74th Congress, 2nd Session, _House Document_ 374. + +Several bills[65] were introduced into Congress to give effect to the +decision of the Commission but none was enacted at this time. The +completion of the Airport and the Pentagon Building gave urgency to the +problem: conflicts of jurisdiction hampered law enforcement and +complicated the question of tax collection. Moreover, Virginia was +anxious to insure that the liquor control laws of the State and not +those of the District of Columbia should be in effect at the National +Airport. In 1942, the General Assembly had adopted an Act[66] covering +the boundary question, on the assumption that the bill then pending in +Congress would be passed. Disagreement over the details of the +jurisdiction to be ceded and accepted by Virginia and the United States +Government prevented passage of a Federal Act until 1945 when Public +Law 208 was enacted by the 79th Congress. This was followed by an +Act[67] of the Virginia General Assembly repealing the 1942 Act and +ratifying the 1945 Federal Act. + + [65] 76th Congress, 3rd Session, H.R. 9976; S. 4114. 77th + Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 1045; H.R. 5073. 78th Congress, 1st + Session, S. 19; H.R. 746; H.R. 3664. The Arlington County Board + endorsed H.R. 9976; cf. Minute Book V, p. 423 and VII, p. 500. + + [66] Acts of Assembly, 1942, Chapter 267. + + [67] Acts of Assembly, 1946, Chapter 26. _Code of Virginia, + 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 10. + +This law is in effect today. It provides that the boundary line + + "shall begin at a point where the northwest boundary of the + District of Columbia intercepts the high-water mark of the Virginia + shore of the Potomac River and following the present mean + high-water mark; thence in a southeasterly direction along the + Virginia shore of the Potomac River to Little River, along the + Virginia shore of Little River to Boundary Channel, along the + Virginia side of Boundary Channel to the main body of the Potomac + River, along the Virginia side of the Potomac River across the + mouths of all tributaries affected by the tides of the river to + Second Street, Alexandria, Virginia, from Second Street to the + present established pierhead line, and following said pierhead line + to its connection with the District of Columbia-Maryland boundary + line; that whenever said mean high-watermark on the Virginia shore + is altered by artificial fill and excavations made by the United + States, or by alluvion or erosion, then the boundary shall follow + the new mean high-water mark on the Virginia shore as altered, or + whenever the location of the pierhead line along the Alexandria + water front is altered, then the boundary shall follow the new + location of the pierhead line." + +The Act also provided that all the land on the Virginia side of the +Potomac lying between the boundary line as now adopted and the mean +high water mark as it existed on January 24, 1791 (wherever that was!) +should be ceded to the State of Virginia. The United States, however, +reserved concurrent jurisdiction over this area. + +Here the matter rests very uneasily today. The exact line was surveyed, +monumented, and mapped by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey over the +years 1946-1947.[68] However, the working agreements reached by the law +enforcement officials of the various jurisdictions concerned have not +always proven satisfactory. The long history of the location of the +Potomac River boundary of Arlington County cannot yet be said to have +reached its end. + + [68] Unpublished Report dated March 27, 1947, from Lt. Comdr. + Roswell C. Bolstad, Chief of Party, on Project G-815, Coast and + Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce. + + +_Postscript--Towns in Arlington County_ + +Of the three towns which have lain within Arlington County, the only +one whose limits have been of importance to the territorial extent of +the County is Alexandria. Nonetheless, to complete the record, some +mention should be made of the Town of Potomac and the Town of Falls +Church, the first of which lay wholly within Arlington, and the second, +partly so. + +Falls Church is the older town. It was chartered by the General +Assembly on March 30, 1875.[69] The charter set forth the boundaries as: + + "Beginning at the corner of Alexandria and Fairfax Counties on J. + C. DePutron's farm; thence to the corner of W. H. Ellison and Koon + [sic] on D. H. Barrett's line; thence to the corner of Sewell and + Hollidge, on the new cut road; thence to the corner of J. E. Birch + and H. J. England, on the Falls Church and Fairfax Courthouse road; + thence to a stone in the road being a corner of B. F. Shreve, + Newton, and others; thence to the crossing of the Alexandria and + Georgetown roads at Taylor's corners; thence along the line of said + Georgetown road to the corner of Samuel Shreve and John Febrey; + thence to a pin oak tree near Dr. L. E. Gott's spring; thence to + the northeast corner of John Brown's barn; thence to the crossing + of Isaac Crossmun's and Bowen's line on the Chain Bridge Road; + thence to the place of beginning." + + [69] Acts of Assembly 1874/75, Chapter 316. + + [Illustration: MAP V + The Towns of Falls Church and Potomac in Arlington County + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +After Arlington adopted the County Manager form of government, the +residents of so much of the Town of Falls Church as lay within +Arlington County (Map V) sought to have the charter amended to reduce +the limits of the Town to that portion which lay in Fairfax. An action +was brought on July 7, 1932, and the Circuit Court granted the petition +on January 17, 1935.[70] This decision was appealed, however, and it was +not until the next year (April 30, 1936) that the order went into +effect,[71] after the lower court had been upheld by the Virginia +Supreme Court of Appeals. + + [70] Arlington County, _Common Law Order Book 16_, p. 235 and + p. 309. + + [71] Arlington County, _Common Law Order Book 17_, p. 130 and + p. 138. + +The area affected by the order is described as: + + "Beginning at a large planted stone on the estate of the late J. C. + DePutron, at the original western corner of the District of + Columbia, which is also at the corner of Fairfax and Arlington + counties, and at the corner of the Town of Falls Church; thence + with the boundary of said Town S. 83° 15' E. 2,404 feet more or + less, to a planted stone in the center of Little Falls Street also + called the Chain Bridge Road, at a point at which said street is + intersected by the boundary of the land formerly known as the Bowen + tract; thence with the boundary of said Town S. 49° 15' E. 3,482 + feet, more or less, to a planted granite stone at a point which + formerly marked the northeast corner of John Brown's barn; thence + with the boundary of said Town S. 28° 45' E. 2,410 feet, more or + less, to a point at which there formerly stood a large pin oak on + the Gott tract; thence with the boundary of the said Town S. 4° 15' + W. to the boundary between Fairfax and Arlington counties; thence + with the said boundary in a northwesterly direction to the place of + beginning." + +The Town of Potomac was chartered by the General Assembly in 1908.[72] +Its boundaries (Map V) were described as: + + "Beginning at the north intersection of Bellefont Avenue in the + subdivision of 'Del Ray' with the Washington and Alexandria + Turnpike, thence northerly along the west line of the Turnpike to + the old Georgetown Road, the northern boundary of the subdivision + of St. Elmo; thence westerly along the south side of the Georgetown + Road to the dividing line of Susan P. A. Calvert and Charles E. + Wood; thence with the line of Calvert and Wood to the west line of + the Washington, Alexandria and Mt. Vernon R.R. Co., to its + intersection with Lloyd's Lane and Bellefont Avenue to the + beginning." + + [72] Acts of Assembly 1908, Chapter 273. + +All this area was included in the annexation to Alexandria which was +effected in 1929 (cf. p. 23). + +One proposed town deserves mention. In 1920 a group of citizens +petitioned the Circuit Court for a town charter for Clarendon. The +Court denied the petition. Upon appeal, the Supreme Court of Appeals of +Virginia upheld the lower court, declaring that all of Arlington County +was a "continuous, contiguous, and homogeneous community" and as such +should not be subjected to subdivision for the purpose of incorporating +a town.[73] Since Arlington is even more a "continuous, contiguous, and +homogeneous" community than it was in 1922 there is no prospect that +ever again will there be a town within the bounds of the County. + + [73] _Bennett_ v. _Garrett_, 112 S.E. 772, decided June 15, + 1922. + + + + + +APPENDIX + + +_Annexation of 1915_ + +Text of the order of the Supreme Court of Appeals setting the area to +be annexed by Alexandria as of April 1, 1915: + + "1st. That the following territory in Fairfax County be, and the + same is hereby annexed to the City of Alexandria, to + wit:--Beginning at a point in mid-channel of Hunting Creek + southward of Alexandria Water Company's pumping station with the + east side of a lane, called Robert's Lane; running thence + northwardly with the east line of said Lane, extended, and with the + east line of said Lane to the south side of the Little River + Turnpike; thence across the Little River Turnpike in the same + direction to the extreme west corner of Shooter's Hill section of + George Washington Park sub-division; thence with the west boundary + of said Shooter's Hill section to the corner of said Shooter's Hill + section and Section No. 2 of said sub-division; thence with the + west boundary of said Section No. 2 of said sub-division to a point + on the south side of Janney's Road fifty (50) feet west from the + intersection of the south side of Janney's Road and the west side + of the Leesburg Turnpike; thence continuing to about 25 degrees + east to the old District of Columbia line, being the dividing line + between said Fairfax County and Alexandria County; and thence + southwestwardly with the said old District line to Jones Point on + the Potomac River; thence southwardly down the said River to the + mid-channel of Hunting Creek: thence with the meanderings of the + mid-channel of Hunting Creek up stream, to the point of + beginning.... 2nd. That the following described territory in + Alexandria County be, and the same is, hereby annexed to the City + of Alexandria: Beginning at the northwest corner of the present + city boundary, and extended said line westwardly, in the same + course until it intersects with the north side of the Braddock + Road; thence southwardly, to the Old District line at the northwest + corner of the land annexed from Fairfax County; thence with the + said old District line southeastwardly to the southwest corner of + the present city boundary about twenty feet west of Hooff's Run; + thence following the western boundary line of the present city to + the northwest corner of the present boundary line of the city and + the point of beginning.... And it is further ordered that the + boundary lines of the City of Alexandria after annexation shall be + as follows: Beginning in the Potomac River at the northeast corner + of the present boundary of the City of Alexandria and following the + present north boundary line of the City of Alexandria to the + northwest corner of the City, thence prolonging said line in the + same direction until it intersects with the north side of the + Braddock Road; then southwardly to a point on the south side of + Janney's Lane fifty (50) feet from the west side of Leesburg + Turnpike; thence southwardly along the west boundary line of George + Washington Park subdivision to the Alexandria Water Company + property and reservoir; thence southwardly with the west line of + Alexandria Water Company's property to the north side of the Little + River Turnpike; thence across the Little River Turnpike and with + the east side of Robert's Lane and continuing with the east side of + Robert's Lane extended to the mid-channel of Hunting Creek; thence + downstream with the meandering of the mid-channel of Hunting Creek + to the Potomac River, thence up the Potomac River to Jones Point + and thence with the west side of the Potomac River to the point of + beginning, the northeast corner of the present boundary of the City + of Alexandria." + + +_Annexation of 1929_ + +Text of the order of the Supreme Court of Appeals setting the area to +be annexed by Alexandria as of December 31, 1929: + + "Beginning at the intersection of the north corporate limits of + Alexandria Virginia with the west shore of the Potomac River, + thence extending N. 80° 39' W. along said north boundary line to + the northwest corner of the corporate limits as the same was + established prior to the year 1915; thence with the line as + established March 22, 1915, and continuing said north corporate + line N. 80° 39' W., 4,353.86 feet to a set stone at the corner on + the north side of the Braddock Road within the subdivision of + Northwest Alexandria; thence S. 30° 11' W., 1,892.20 feet to the + intersection with the line separating Fairfax and Arlington + Counties; thence with the line of said two counties N. 45° 02' 50" + W., 6,434.88 feet to a point in the center line of the Braddock + Road (having passed over an original milestone in said county line + at 3,244.70 feet); thence following along the center line of said + Braddock Road, S. 84° 22' 30" E., 264.20 feet to a point where said + Braddock Road is intersected by the southwardly projection of the + Seminary Road: thence departing from said Braddock Road and + following along the center line of said Seminary Road the following + courses: N. 5° 02' 30" E. 811.50 feet, N. 22° 46' 30" E. 611.05 + feet, N. 1° 23' W., 1,551.40 feet, N. 20° 03' E. 319.13 feet, N. + 19° 48' E. 385.49 feet, N. 37° 45' W. 183.32 feet, N. 2° 57' E. + 140.89 feet, N. 28° 00' E. 165.41 feet, N. 5° 59' E., 145.83 feet + N. 13° 47' W. 436.37 feet, N. 9° 02' W. 1,447.08 feet, and N. 2° + 10' 30" E. 274.90 feet to the point where said center line of said + Seminary Road intersects the south right-of-way line of the + Washington and Old Dominion Railway; thence with said south + right-of-way line S. 77° 39' 30" E., 1885.80 more or less, to the + center line of the channel of Four Mile Run; thence down the + mid-channel line of said Four Mile Run following the meanderings + thereof as the same passes under the Washington Virginia Railway + (now the Mount Vernon, Alexandria and Washington Railway) the + Washington and Alexandria Road, and extending to the intersection + of the said Run with the Potomac River; thence following along the + west shore line of said Potomac River southwardly to the point of + beginning." + + +_Boundary Adjustment 1966_ + +Text of the description of the new Arlington-Alexandria boundary in +effect on January 1, 1966, by mutual agreement: + + "A line beginning at a point on the common boundary between Fairfax + County and the City of Alexandria, Virginia, said point being in + the existing right of way of Route #7 and is further defined as + point #134 having Virginia State Coordinates of N. 431,495.42 and + E. 2,395,581.64 as shown on a map recorded with a deed of + annexation in Deed Book 332, page 559, of the land records of the + City of Alexandria, Virginia; thence running along said common + boundary N. 55° 50' 10" E., 69.09 feet to the boundary corner #135 + whose coordinates are N. 431,534.22 and E. 2,395,638.81, said point + #135 also being shown on the aforementioned boundary map; thence + still running with the last mentioned course and across Route #7 + 1.29 feet (70.38 feet in all) to a point having coordinates N. + 431,534.94 and E. 2,395,639.88; thence running N. 09° 13' 10" E. + 0.69 feet to a point lying on the northerly side of Route #7, 40 + feet from same and having coordinates N. 431,535.62 and E. + 2,395,639.99; thence running along the northerly side of Route #7 + S. 66° 38' 20" E., 96.13 feet to a point of curvature whose + coordinates are N. 431,497.50 and E. 2,395,728.24 thence continuing + with said northerly side of Route #7 and its extension and + following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 2331.83 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 810.17 feet and S. 56° + 38' 05" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 814.30 feet to a + point on the extension of the northerly side of 25th Street, and + whose coordinates are N. 431,051.93 and E. 2,396,404.88; thence + running along said extension and thence with the northerly side of + said street N. 50° 54' 13" E., 39.53 feet to a point of curvature + whose coordinates are N. 431,076.86 and E. 2,396,435.56; thence + following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 115.60 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 42.17 feet and N. 61° + 24' 48" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 42.41 feet to a + point of tangency whose coordinates are N. 431,097.04 and E. + 2,396,472.59; thence continuing along 25th Street N. 71° 55' 23" E. + 220.00 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 431,165.30 and E. + 2,396,681.73; thence turning and running across 25th Street and + thence along the common boundary between lots #503 and #5 of + Section 1 of Claremont Subdivision, and thence across Beauregard + Street (its extension into Arlington County being known as S. + Walter Reed Drive) S. 18° 04' 37" E., 317.80 feet to a point on a + curve in the southerly side of Beauregard Street, said point having + coordinates N. 430,863.19 and E. 2,396,780.34; thence running along + the southerly side of said street and following the arc of a curve + to the left whose radius is 410.00 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 69.89 feet and S. 55° 47' 34.5" respectively, for an + arc distance of 69.97 feet to a point of tangency having + coordinates N. 430,823.90 and E. 2,396,722.54; thence continuing + along the southerly side of Beauregard Street and its extension S. + 50° 54' 13" W. 83.66 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. + 430,771.14 and E. 2,396,657.61, said point being 40 feet from the + centerline of the previously mentioned Route #7; thence running + parallel with but 40 feet from said centerline S. 37° 38' 20" E. + 572.92 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 430,317.46 and E. + 2,397,007.48, said point being on the extension of the common + boundary between Section #1-A of Claremont and Section #2 of + Fairlington; thence running along said extension and thence along + said common boundary itself N. 44° 19' 57" E., 335.55 feet to a + point being the northwesterly corner of a parcel of land owned by + the City of Alexandria; and having coordinates N. 430,557.48 and E. + 2,397,241.97; thence running with the northeasterly boundary of + said parcel S. 45° 38' 10" E., 242.71 feet to a point on a curve + having coordinates N. 430,387.77 and E. 2,397,415.49 and lying in + the northerly line of 28th Street; thence running along said + northerly line of 28th Street and following the arc of a curve to + the right whose radius is 311.48 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 37.57 feet and S. 64° 02' 05" E. respectively, for an + arc distance of 37.60 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates + are N. 430,371.32 and E. 2,397,449.27; thence along the northerly + side of South Columbus Street S. 60° 34' 37" E., 415.05 feet to a + point of curvature having coordinates N. 430,167.42 and E. + 2,397,810.79; thence running along the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 215.99 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 162.40 feet and S. 38° 29' 37" E. respectively for an arc distance + of 166.50 feet to a point of tangency lying in the intersection of + 29th Street and Columbus Street and having coordinates N. + 430,040.31 and E. 2,397,911.87; thence running S. 16° 24' 37" E. + 69.70 feet to a point of curvature on the northeasterly side of + Columbus Street and whose coordinates are N. 429,973.45 and E. + 2,397,931.56; thence running along the northeasterly side of said + street and following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 691.20 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 396.48 feet and + S. 33° 04' 37" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 402.12 feet + to a point of tangency, the coordinates of which are N. 429,641.22 + and E. 2,398,147.94; thence running S. 49° 44' 37" E. 545.56 feet + to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,288.67 and E. + 2,398,564.29; thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose + radius is 20.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 21.94 + feet and S. 83° 00' 35.5" E. respectively, for an arc distance of + 23.22 feet to a point of reversed curvature whose coordinates are + N. 429,286.00 and E. 2,398,586.07; thence running around the circle + of the intersection of Columbus and 30th Streets and following the + arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 93.00 feet and whose + chord and chord bearing are 177.22 feet and S. 08° 36' 07" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 349.54 feet to a point of + curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,110.77 and E. 2,398,612.58; + thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 20.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 21.94 feet and S. + 65° 48' 21.5" W. respectively, for an arc distance of 23.22 feet to + a point of tangency on the southeasterly side of 30th Street, said + point having coordinates N. 429,101.78 and E. 2,398,592.57; thence + running along the southeasterly side of said street S. 32° 32' 23" + W., 136.28 feet to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. + 428,986.89 and E. 2,398,519.27; thence following the arc of a curve + to the left whose radius is 25.00 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 35.36 feet and S. 12° 27' 37" E. respectively, for an + arc distance of 39.27 feet to a point on the northeasterly side of + Route #7, said point having coordinates N. 428,952.36 and E. + 2,398,526.90; thence running S. 57° 27' 37" E. 62.54 feet to a + point whose coordinates are N. 428,918.72 and E. 2,398,579.62; + thence running S. 56° 42' 37" E. 713.53 feet to a point of + curvature, said point having coordinates N. 428,527.08 and E. + 2,399,176.06; thence following the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 6056.68 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 1137.63 feet and S. 51° 19' 17" E., respectively for an arc + distance of 1139.31 feet to a point of tangency on the + northeasterly side of Route #7, said point having coordinates N. + 427,816.12 and E. 2,400,064.17; thence running along the + northeasterly side of Route #7, S. 45° 55' 57" E., 2926.68 feet to + a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 425,780.60 and E. + 2,402,167.05; thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose + radius is 25.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 29.63 + feet and S. 82° 16' 52.5" E. respectively, for an arc distance of + 31.72 feet to a point on the northerly side of Quaker Lane, said + point having coordinates of N. 425,776.62 and E. 2,402,196.41; + thence following the northerly side of Quaker Lane N. 61° 22' 12" + E. 25.35 feet to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. + 425,788.77 and E. 2,402,218.66; thence following the arc of a curve + to the left whose radius is 880.83 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 594.59 feet and N. 41° 38' 39.5" E. respectively, for + an arc distance of 606.50 feet to a point of tangency having + coordinates N. 426,233.10 and E. 2,402,613.77; thence turning and + running S. 68° 04' 53" E. 47.00 feet to a point whose coordinates + are N. 426,215.56 and E. 2,402,657.37, said point being on the + centerline of Quaker Lane; thence running along the centerline of + same N. 21° 55' 07" E. 492.76 feet to a point of curvature having + coordinates N. 426,672.70 and E. 2,402,841.31; thence following the + arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 1200.00 feet and whose + chord and chord bearing are 499.27 feet and N. 09° 54' 42.5" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 502.94 feet to a point of + tangency whose coordinates are N. 427,164.52 and E. 2,402,927.25; + thence running N. 02° 05' 42" W. 993.05 feet to a point whose + coordinates are N. 428,156.91 and E. 2,402,890.95; said point lying + in the intersection of Quaker Lane and Crestwood Drive; thence + continuing along the centerline of Quaker Lane N. 00° 59' 42" W., + 201.72 feet to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. + 428,358.60 and E. 2,402,887.45; thence following the arc of a curve + to the right whose radius is 595.00 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 204.00 feet and N. 08° 52' 33" E. respectively, for an + arc distance of 205.01 feet to a point of tangency having + coordinates N. 428,560.16 and E. 2,402,918.93; thence running N. + 18° 44' 48" E., 122.09 feet to a point of curvature having + coordinates N. 428,675.77 and E. 2,402,958.17; thence running along + the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 2181.87 feet and + whose chord and chord bearing are 237.27 feet and N. 15° 37' 47" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 237.39 feet to a point of + tangency having coordinates N. 428,904.27 and E. 2,403,022.10; + thence running N. 12° 30' 46" E. 88.70 feet to a point of curvature + having coordinates N. 428,990.86 and E. 2,403,041.32 and lying in + the intersection of Quaker Lane, 32nd Road South, and Preston Road; + thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 243.67 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 44.38 feet and N. + 07° 17' 14.5" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 44.44 feet to + a point of tangency having coordinates N. 429,034.88 and E. + 2,403,046.95; thence running N. 02° 03' 43" E. 264.98 feet to a + point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,299.69 and E. + 2,403,056.48 thence still running along the centerline of Quaker + Lane and following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 2165.91 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 152.44 feet and + N. 00° 02' 43" E. respectively for an arc distance of 152.47 feet + to a point of tangency having coordinates N. 429,452.13 and E. + 2,403,056.60; thence N. 01° 58' 17" W., 141.63 feet to a point of + curvature having coordinates N. 429,593.68 and E. 2,403,051.73; + thence following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is + 4560.67 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 224.93 feet and + N. 00° 33' 30" W. respectively for an arc distance of 224.95 feet + to a point on the existing Alexandria-Arlington Boundary, said + point having coordinates N. 429,818.60 and E. 2,403,049.54; thence + running along said existing boundary N. 14° 40' 33" W., 307.96 feet + to an existing boundary corner with coordinates N. 430,116.51 and + E. 2,402,971.52; thence running N. 09° 54' 36" W., 1447.14 feet to + another existing corner having coordinates N. 431,542.06 and E. + 2,402,722.47; thence continuing with said existing + Alexandria-Arlington Boundary N. 01° 20' 15" E., 271.24 feet to a + corner with coordinates N. 431,813.23 and E. 402,728.80, said point + being in the vicinity of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad + right of way; thence running S. 78° 26' 13" E. 1858.44 feet to an + existing boundary corner having coordinates N. 431,440.71 and E. + 2,404,549.52; thence continuing with an extension of the last + mentioned course 5.73 feet (1864.17 feet in all) to a point whose + coordinates are N. 431,439.56 and E. 2,404,555.13; said point lying + in Four Mile Run; thence turning and running with the proposed + centerline of Four Mile Run N. 20° 30' 55" E., 62.07 feet to a + point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 431,497.69 and E. + 2,404,576.88; thence following the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 420.44 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 361.79 feet and N. 45° 59' 55" E. respectively, for an arc distance + of 374.00 feet to a point of compound curvature having coordinates + N. 431,749.02 and E. 2,404,837.12; thence running along the arc of + a curve to the right whose radius is 388.90 feet and whose chord + and chord bearing are 241.48 feet and N. 89° 34' 10" E. + respectively for an arc distance of 245.54 feet to a point of + tangency whose coordinates are N. 431,750.83 and E. 2,405,078.59 + thence continuing along said proposed center and thence with the + existing centerline of Four Mile Run S. 72° 20' 35" E. 115.13 feet + to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 431,715.91 and E. + 2,405,188.30; thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose + radius is 805.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 218.56 + feet and S. 80° 08' 42.5" E. respectively for an arc distance of + 219.24 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates are N. + 431,678.50 and E. 2,405,403.64; thence running S. 87° 56' 50" E., + 10.38 feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. 431,678.13 + and E. 2,405,414.01; thence following the arc of a curve to the + left whose radius is 2864.79 feet and whose chord and chord bearing + are 626.25 feet and N. 85° 46' 40" E. respectively, for an arc + distance of 627.50 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates + are N. 431,724.24 and E. 2,406,038.56; thence continuing along the + centerline of said Four Mile Run N. 79° 30' 10" E., 571.24 feet to + a point of curvature having coordinates N. 431,828.31 and E. + 2,406,600.24; thence following the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 1909.88 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 500.23 feet and N. 87° 01' 40" E., respectively for an arc distance + of 501.67 feet to a point of tangency; said point having + coordinates N. 431,854.25 and E. 2,407,099.80; thence running S. + 85° 26' 50" E., 542.38 feet to a point of curvature with + coordinates N. 431,811.20 and E. 2,407,640.47; thence following the + arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 1432.41 feet and whose + chord and chord bearing are 585.03 feet and N. 82° 46' 10" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 589.17 feet to a point of + tangency having coordinates N. 431,884.83 and E. 2,408,220.85; + thence running N. 70° 59' 10" E. 28.44 feet to a point of curvature + having coordinates of N. 431,894.10 and E. 2,408,247.74; thence + following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 1318.44 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 482.64 feet and N. 60° + 26' 22" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 485.38 feet to a + point of tangency having coordinates N. 432,132.21 and E. + 2,408,667.56; thence running N. 49° 53' 34" E., 4.43 feet to a + point whose coordinates are N. 432,135.06 and E. 2,408,670.95; + thence running across Mount Vernon Avenue (Arlington Ridge Road in + Arlington) and still following the previously mentioned centerline + of Four Mile Run N. 71° 20' 53" E., 274.92 feet to a point of + curvature with coordinates N. 432,222.98 and E. 2,408,931.43; + thence running along the arc of a curve to the right whose radius + is 315.05 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 289.48 feet + and S. 81° 18' 07" E. respectively for an arc distance of 300.28 + feet to a point of tangency with coordinates of N. 432,179.20 and + E. 2,409,217.58; thence running S. 53° 57' 07" E., 314.44 feet to a + point whose coordinates are N. 431,994.16 and E. 2,409,471.81; + thence still running along said centerline S. 52° 58' 38" E., + 665.38 feet to a point with coordinates N. 431,593.51 and E. + 2,410,003.05; thence S. 61° 35' 07" E., 504.49 feet to a point + having coordinates N. 431,353.45 and E. 2,410,446.76; thence S. 62° + 23' 28" E. 1048.27 feet to a point with coordinates N. 430,867.65 + and E. 2,411,375.67 and S. 67° 03' 11" E., 544.81 feet to a point + of curvature, said point having coordinates N. 430,655.24 and E. + 2,411,877.37; thence running with the centerline of said Four Mile + Run, across Jefferson Davis Highway (Route #1), thru the culvert + and Potomac Railroad Yards, and following the arc of a curve to the + left whose radius is 446.47 feet and whose chord and chord bearing + are 485.07 feet and N. 80° 02' 34.5" E. respectively for an arc + distance of 512.80 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates + are N. 430,739.11 and E. 2,412,355.13; thence N. 47° 08' 20" E. + 400.92 feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. + 431,011.83 and E. 2,412,649.01; thence following the arc of a curve + to the right whose radius is 247.32 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 288.28 feet and N. 82° 47' 15.5" E. respectively for an + arc distance of 307.76 feet to a point of reversed curvature, said + point having coordinates N. 431,048.02 and E. 2,412,935.01; thence + following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 692.78 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 339.43 feet and S. 75° + 44' 39" E., respectively for an arc distance of 342.92 feet to a + point of tangency with coordinates N. 430,964.43 and E. + 2,413,263.99; thence running S. 89° 55' 29" E., thru the culvert at + George Washington Memorial Parkway and to the Potomac River. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY + + +Arlington County, Virginia. _Deed Books._ + +----. _Common Law Order Books._ + +----. _County Board Minute Books._ + +Arlington Historical Society. _The Arlington Historical Magazine._ +Arlington; annual. + +Bain, Chester W. _Annexation in Virginia_: The Use of the Judicial +Process for Readjusting City-County Boundaries. Charlottesville, 1966. + +Caton, James R. _Legislative Chronicles of the City of Alexandria._ +Alexandria, 1933. + +Conway, Martha Bell. _The Compacts of Virginia._ Richmond, 1963. + +Hall, Clayton C., ed. _Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684._ New +York, 1910. + +Hening, William Waller. _The Statutes at Large_; Being a Collection of +All the Laws of Virginia from the First Session of the Legislature in +the Year 1619. Second edition. New York, 1823. + +Mayor and Citizens of Alexandria, Virginia. "Remonstrance of ... +Against the Bill to Annex the city and county of Alexandria, to the +District of Columbia." Alexandria, 1865. + +Moore, Gay Montague. _Seaport in Virginia_, George Washington's +Alexandria. Richmond, 1949. + +Richardson, James D., ed. A Compilation of the _Messages and Papers of +the Presidents_, 1789-1897. Washington, 1896. + +Robinson, M. P. _Virginia Counties_, Those Resulting from Virginia +Legislation. Bulletin of the Virginia State Library. Richmond, 1916. + +Shepherd, Samuel. _The Statutes at Large of Virginia_ from the October +Session 1792 to December Session 1806. Richmond, 1835. + +Stetson, Charles W. _Four Mile Run Land Grants._ Washington, 1935. + +United States. House of Representatives, Seventy-Fourth Congress, 2nd +Session. _House Document 374_; "Report of the District of +Columbia--Virginia Boundary Commission." + +----. House of Representatives, Seventy-eighth Congress, 1st Session. +_Report No. 895_; "Establishing a Boundary Line Between the District of +Columbia and the Commonwealth of Virginia." + +----. _Statutes at Large._ + +Virginia. _Code of Virginia, 1950_, as Amended. + +----. _Acts of Assembly._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of the Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia, by Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON COUNTY *** + +***** This file should be named 36902-8.txt or 36902-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/9/0/36902/ + +Produced by Mark C. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A History of the Boundaries of Arlington County, Virginia + +Author: Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +Release Date: July 30, 2011 [EBook #36902] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON COUNTY *** + + + + +Produced by Mark C. Orton and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Front cover" width="266" +height="450"> +</div> +<br> +<h2> +A HISTORY +</h2> +<h3> +<i> +of +</i> +</h3> +<h2> +THE BOUNDARIES +</h2> +<h3> +<i> +of +</i> +</h3> +<h2> +ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA +</h2> +<br> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/logo.jpg" alt="Seal of Virginia" +width="100" height="99"> +</div> +<br> +<br> +<h3> +Office of the County Manager +<br> +Arlington, Virginia +<br> +1967 +</h3> +<hr class="med"> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/001.jpg" alt="THE BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON, +1791, 1801, 1846, 1870, 1875, 1915, 1929, 1936 ,1946 ,1966" +width="600" height="380"> +</div> +<p class="caption"> +THE BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON +<br> +1791 1801 184 +6 +<br> +1870 1875 191 +5 1929 1936&n +bsp; 1946 1966 +</p> +<hr class="med"> +<p class="head"> +FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION +</p> +<p> +This collection of documentary references to the boundaries +of Arlington County was first published in 1957. This new +edition contains revisions made in the light of fuller +knowledge, and brings the story up-to-date by taking +account of the change in the common boundary with the City +of Alexandria which went into effect on January 1, 1966. +</p> +<p> +This pamphlet can serve as a guide for those who need to +know what jurisdiction covered this area at any particular +time. It provides information for the student as well as +the title searcher—in fact, for anyone interested in +the history of what is now Arlington County. +</p> +<p class="space"> + +</p> +<p class="sig"> +<img src="images/sig.jpg" alt="Signature of Bert W. +Johnson" width="295" height="92"> +</p> +<p class="sig"> +Bert W. Johnson +<br> +County Manager +</p> +<hr class="med"> +<p class="title"> +A History of +<br> +The Boundaries of +<br> +Arlington County, Virginia +</p> +<p class="ctr"> +TABLE OF CONTENTS +</p> +<table summary="Table of Contents"> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> + +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<small> +Page</small> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +Introduction—Arlington County Today +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#1"> +1</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +1608-1789 +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#2"> +2</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +The Charters of James I to the Virginia Company +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Charles I Charter to Lord Baltimore +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +The Counties of the Northern Neck of Virginia +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +1789-1847 +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#3"> +3</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Into the District of Columbia: +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="indent"> +Cession of 1789 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="indent"> +Location of the Federal District +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Out of the District: +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="indent"> +Acts of 1846 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="indent"> +In Virginia Once More, 1847 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +ARLINGTON'S BOUNDARY WITH THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#14"> +14</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Establishment of Alexandria as a Town +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Territorial Accretions of Alexandria to 1870 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +County-City Separation, 1870 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Annexations by Alexandria from Arlington, 1915 and 1929 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Readjustment of Boundaries, 1966 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +ARLINGTON'S BOUNDARY WITH THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#24"> +24</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Boundary of Commission of 1935 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +Acts of 1945 and 1946 +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +POSTSCRIPTS—TOWNS IN ARLINGTON COUNTY +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#27"> +27</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +The Town of Falls Church +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +The Town of Potomac +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt"> +No More Towns +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +<a href="#appendix"> +Appendix.</a> +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="chpt"> +<a href="#biblio"> +Bibliography.</a> +</td> +<td class="pg"> + +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="med"> +<a name="1"> + +</a> +<p class="title"> +A History of +<br> +The Boundaries of +<br> +Arlington County, Virginia +</p> +<p> +It is one of those paradoxes so characteristic of Arlington +that the area composing the County did not exist as a +separate entity until it was ceded by Virginia to form part +of the District of Columbia. The Act by which the Congress +of the United States took jurisdiction over this area +directed that that portion of the District which had been +ceded by Virginia was to be known as the county of +Alexandria.<a href="#note1" name="noteref1" +class="fnanchor"><small>[1]</small> +</a> +(It was not until 1920 that it received the name of +Arlington.)<a href="#note2" name="noteref2" +class="fnanchor"><small>[2]</small> +</a> +</p> +<p> +The present boundaries of Arlington may be described as: +Beginning at the intersection of Four Mile Run with the +west shore line of the Potomac River, westwardly, in +general along the line of Four Mile Run, without regard to +its meanders, intersecting the south right-of-way line of +the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad, then 1,858.44 +feet to where the center line of Shirlington Road +intersects the said south right-of-way line; thence south +and slightly east to the center line of Quaker Lane, then +following the center line of Quaker Lane to a point short +of Osage Street in Alexandria where it moves to the north +line of Quaker Lane; thence to the east right-of-way line +of Leesburg Pike (King Street); thence with this line to +the east side of 30th Street, South, in Arlington, +northeast on 30th Street, South, to the circle; around said +circle to the north side of South Columbus Street, along +this line to 28th Street, South, returning for a short +distance to Leesburg Pike, jogging east and north to 25th +Street, South, and then back to Leesburg Pike; thence along +the Pike to the common boundary of Alexandria and Fairfax; +thence northeast along the former Alexandria-Fairfax +boundary until it intersects the original boundary between +Arlington and Fairfax; thence due northwest to a stone and +large oak tree approximately 200 feet west of Meridian +Avenue (North Arizona Street); thence due northeast to the +shore of the Potomac; thence along the mean high water mark +of the shore of the Potomac River, back to the point of +beginning. This line encloses roughly 16,520 acres, or +approximately 25.7 square miles, thus making Arlington the +third smallest county in the United States in respect to +area.<a href="#note3" name="noteref3" +class="fnanchor"><small>[3]</small> +</a> +</p> +<p> +The boundaries of this area have been changed many times +since it was first sighted by Captain John Smith on his +voyage up the Potomac in 1608—the year which can be +said to mark the beginning of Arlington's history. +</p> +<a name="2"> + +</a> +<p class="head"> +<i> +1608-1789 +</i> +</p> +<p> +The circumstances which placed Arlington in Virginia began +to take shape even earlier than 1608. The two companies +organized to colonize Virginia were granted their first +charter by James I of England on April 10, 1606.<a +href="#note4" name="noteref4" +class="fnanchor"><small>[4]</small> +</a> +This was styled "Letters Patent to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir +George Somers, and others, for two several Colonies and +Plantations, to be made in Virginia, and other parts and +Territories of America." The patentees were authorized +"… to make habitation, plantation, and to deduce a +colony of sundry of our people into that part of America, +commonly called Virginia …" between 34° north +latitude and 45° north and within 100 miles of the +coast. Within this area the spheres of operation of the two +companies (which came to be known as the London and +Plymouth Companies because their principal backers hailed +from one or the other of these English towns) were +delineated. To the former was given the right to plant a +colony within the area from north latitude 34° to +41°, and to the latter within the area from 38° +to 45° inclusive. The overlapping area from 38° +to 41° was open to settlement by either company, +though neither might establish a settlement within 100 +miles of territory occupied by the other. The actual +jurisdiction of each company was limited to 50 miles in +each direction from the first seat of plantation. This last +restriction was not carried over into the second charter. +(Map I.) +</p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/map3.jpg" alt="MAP I" width="336" +height="500"> +</div> +<p class="caption"> +MAP I +<br> +Bounds Set by First Two Charters of the Virginia Company +</p> +<p class="ralign"> +Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims +</p> +<p> +Although the Plymouth Company sent out ships in the spring +of 1607, the settlement attempted by them on the coast of +Maine was abandoned the following year. The first +settlement which was to prove permanent was made by the +London Company whose ships, sailing from London in December +1606, reached the mouth of the James River in Virginia in +April 1607. The founding of "James Cittie" provided a point +of reference for the second charter of the London Company +(which came to be known as the Virginia Company). This +charter,<a href="#note5" name="noteref5" +class="fnanchor"><small>[5]</small> +</a> +granted in 1609, gave it jurisdiction over +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"all those lands, countries, and territories, situate, +lying, and being, in that part of America called Virginia, +from the point of land, called Cape or Point Comfort, all +along the sea coast, to the northward 200 miles, and from +the said Point or Cape Comfort, all along the sea coast to +the southward 200 miles, and all that space and circuit of +land, lying from the sea coast of the precinct aforesaid, +up into the land, throughout from sea to sea, west and +northwest; and also all the islands lying within one +hundred miles, along the coast of both seas of the precinct +aforesaid;…" +</p> +</div> +<p> +This grant reflects the view of the best geographers of the +day that the Pacific Ocean lapped the western side of the +as yet unexplored and unnamed Appalachian Mountains. +</p> +<p> +The third charter of the Virginia Company,<a href="#note6" +name="noteref6" class="fnanchor"><small>[6]</small> +</a> +granted in 1612, extended the eastern boundaries of the +colony to cover "… all and singular those Islands +whatsoever, situate and being in any part of the ocean seas +bordering upon the coast of our said first colony in +Virginia, and being within three hundred leagues of any the +parts heretofore granted …" This was done to include +Bermuda which had been discovered in the meantime. The +charter of the Virginia Company was annulled in 1624 by +King James I, and its lands became a Crown Colony. By this +time, however, the Virginia settlements were firmly +established on and nearby the James River, and the Potomac +River to the falls was well known to traders with the +Indians. +</p> +<p> +The first limitation upon the extent of the "Kingdom of +Virginia," as it was referred to by King Charles I, who +succeeded his father in 1625, came with the grant to Lord +Baltimore of a proprietorship over what became Maryland. +This patent was granted in 1632; the first settlers reached +what became St. Mary's on the Potomac in 1634. That part of +the grant which is pertinent to the boundaries of Arlington +reads: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Going from the said estuary called Delaware Bay in a right +line in the degree aforesaid to the true meridian of the +first fountain of the river Potomac, then tending downward +towards the south to the farther bank of the said river and +following it to where it faces the western and southern +coasts as far as to a certain place called Cinquack situate +near the mouth of the same river where it discharges itself +in the aforenamed bay of Chesapeake and thence by the +shortest line as far as the aforesaid promontory or place +called Watkins Point."<a href="#note7" name="noteref7" +class="fnanchor"><small>[7]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +The most significant words of this grant, from the point of +view of Arlington, are "the farther banks of the said +river." They explain why the boundary between Arlington and +the District of Columbia runs along the Virginia shore of +the river and not in midstream, and why Roosevelt Island, +which lies nearer Arlington than to the District, is not a +part of Arlington. The Constitution of Virginia adopted in +1776 acknowledges this grant: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"The territory contained within the charters erecting the +colonies of Maryland … are hereby ceded, released, +and forever confirmed to the people of those colonies +…"<a href="#note8" name="noteref8" +class="fnanchor"><small>[8]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +Although at the time Charles I gave this grant to Lord +Baltimore Virginia was a Crown Colony and thus it could not +be contended that he was giving away lands he had no power +to cede since they already had been given to others, the +Maryland-Virginia boundary became a subject of controversy +as soon as the first Maryland settlers arrived, and has +continued so until almost the present time. Indeed, one +might say that the ghost has been laid only temporarily +since echoes of the dispute appear in today's newspapers: +"Maryland and Virginia Start New Round in Oyster +War"—"Pentagon Area a No Man's Land." These headlines +derive in a direct line from the grant of King Charles I to +Calvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632.<a href="#note9" +name="noteref9" class="fnanchor"><small>[9]</small> +</a> +</p> +<p> +To leave, for a time, the Potomac boundary of Arlington, +let us turn to the narrowing of the boundaries of the +landward side of the County. In the development of +governmental administration, counties began to be created +in Virginia in mid-17th Century. The area which became +Arlington was successively in Northumberland, Westmoreland, +Stafford, Prince William, and finally, Fairfax counties. +(Map II.) Consequently, the history of land tenure and +legislation for Arlington must be sought in the records of +these counties for the relevant period. +</p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/map2.jpg" alt="MAP II" width="600" +height="388"> +</div> +<p class="caption"> +MAP II +<br> +Development of Northern Neck Counties +</p> +<p class="ralign"> +Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims +</p> +<p> +Northumberland County was definitely created in 1648 by an +Act of the General Assembly<a href="#note10" +name="noteref10" class="fnanchor"><small>[10]</small> +</a> +which provided +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"that the said tract of land ['Chickcoun and other parts of +the Neck of land between Rappahonock River and Potomack +River'] be hereafter called and knowne by the name of the +county of Northumberland...." +</p> +</div> +<p> +and was given power to elect Burgesses. A later Act<a +href="#note11" name="noteref11" +class="fnanchor"><small>[11]</small> +</a> +declared: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"<i>It is enacted</i>, That the inhabitants which are or +shall be seated on the south side of the Petomecke River +shall be included and are hereafter to be accompted within +the county of Northumberland." +</p> +</div> +<p> +Settlement was pushing north, however, and in July 1653, +Westmoreland was carved out of the then existing +Northumberland. It was decreed: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"ordered by this present Grand Assembly that the bounds of +the county of Westmorland be as followeth (vizt.) from +Machoactoke river where Mr. Cole lives: And so upwards to +the falls of the great river of Pawtomake above the +Necostins Towne."<a href="#note12" name="noteref12" +class="fnanchor"><small>[12]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +Conditions on the frontier, however, made it necessary in +1662 to unite Westmoreland and Northumberland counties for +administrative purposes "until otherwise ordered by the +governor."<a href="#note13" name="noteref13" +class="fnanchor"><small>[13]</small> +</a> +There is no record of the date of his later decision to +separate the two counties but he must have done so. +</p> +<p> +Similarly, there is no definite record of the establishment +of Stafford County. The first legislative reference to +Stafford is in an Act<a href="#note14" name="noteref14" +class="fnanchor"><small>[14]</small> +</a> +exempting the inhabitants of Stafford because of the +"newnesse of its ground" from a general requirement laid +upon counties to employ a weaver and set up a public loom. +In this year of 1666 Stafford sent a delegate to the +General Assembly. The County, however, must have been in +existence earlier since there is a record of the Stafford +County Court Book which on page one relates to a meeting of +the Court for the County on May 27, 1664.<a href="#note15" +name="noteref15" class="fnanchor"><small>[15]</small> +</a> +The boundaries of the County are nowhere set forth at this +early date, but that they encompassed the Arlington area is +clear from a direction of the Legislature in 1676 that a +fort be established "on Potomack river at or near John +Mathews in the county of Stafford."<a href="#note16" +name="noteref16" class="fnanchor"><small>[16]</small> +</a> +John Mathews' land was on the lower side of Great Hunting +Creek<a href="#note17" name="noteref17" +class="fnanchor"><small>[17]</small> +</a> +but there would have been no reason at that time to erect a +separate county to the north. +</p> +<p> +There were no further changes affecting the county within +which Arlington lay until 1730 when Prince William County +was formed. An Act of the General Assembly declared that +after March 25, 1731, +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"all the land, on the heads of the said counties [Stafford +and King George] above the Chopawansick Creek, on Patomack +river, and Deep run, on Rappahannock river and a southward +line to be made from the head of the north branch of the +said creek to the head of the said Deep run, be divided and +exempt from said counties … and be made a distinct +county, and shall be called and known by the name of Prince +William County."<a href="#note18" name="noteref18" +class="fnanchor"><small>[18]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +It was not many years until Fairfax County came into being: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… from and immediately after the first day of +December now next ensuing, the said county of Prince +William be divided into two counties: That is to say, all +that part thereof, lying on the south side of Occoquan, and +Bull Run; and from the head of the main branch of Bull Run, +by a straight course to the Thoroughfare of the Blue Ridge +of mountains, known by the name of Ashby's Gap or Bent, +shall be one distinct county, and retain the name of Prince +William County: And be one distinct parish, and retain the +name of Hamilton parish. And all that other part thereof, +consisting of the parish of Truro, shall be one other +distinct county, and called and known by the name of +Fairfax county...."<a href="#note19" name="noteref19" +class="fnanchor"><small>[19]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +Thus from December 1742 until the District of Columbia was +formally organized by Act of Congress (February 27, 1801) +what is now Arlington was part of Fairfax County. +</p> +<a name="3"> + +</a> +<p class="head"> +<i> +1789-1847 +</i> +</p> +<p> +Maryland and Virginia had agreed to meet in 1785 to discuss +the controversy over the navigation of the Potomac and +their joint boundary. The Commissioners who took part in +this meeting did more than draw up a compact subsequently +ratified by their respective States. From this meeting +eventually came the call for the convention which resulted +in the Constitution of the United States and the decision +to set aside a tract of land ten miles square for the seat +of the Federal Government. +</p> +<p> +The Maryland-Virginia compact on the Potomac was signed on +March 28, 1785, and confirmed by the General Assembly of +Virginia in 1786.<a href="#note20" name="noteref20" +class="fnanchor"><small>[20]</small> +</a> +Although it was designed primarily to settle navigation and +fishing rights, its seventh section provided: "The citizens +of each State, respectively, shall have full property +rights in the shores of Patowmack river adjoining their +land...." This has been interpreted to mean property rights +to low water mark. The dispute over this point became of +significance in the 20th Century with the construction of +the National Airport and the Pentagon Building. +</p> +<p> +Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of the United +States gives the Congress power to accept a territory not +exceeding ten miles square to be set aside as the seat of +the Federal Government. The story of the compromise which +led to the selection of a site on the Potomac is told in +all the history books.<a href="#note21" name="noteref21" +class="fnanchor"><small>[21]</small> +</a> +These, however, rarely give the details of how the exact +area which became the District of Columbia came to be +chosen. +</p> +<p> +In 1789, the Virginia legislature adopted an Act<a +href="#note22" name="noteref22" +class="fnanchor"><small>[22]</small> +</a> +offering to cede "ten miles square, or any lesser Quantity +of Territory within the State" to the United States for the +permanent seat of the general government. Section I of this +Act recited the motive: "Whereas the equal and common +benefits resulting from the administration of the general +government will be best diffused, and its operation become +more prompt and certain, by establishing such a situation +for the seat of the said government, as will be most +central and convenient to the citizens of the United States +at large, having regard as well to population, extent of +territory, and a free navigation to the Atlantic Ocean, +through the Chesapeake bay, as to the most direct and ready +communication with our fellow citizens in the western +frontier; and whereas it appears to this Assembly that a +situation combining all considerations and advantages +before recited, may be had on the banks of the river +Patowmack, above tide water, in a country rich and fertile +in soil, healthy and salubrious in climate, and abounding +in all the necessaries and conveniences of life, where in a +location of ten miles square, if the wisdom of Congress +shall so direct, the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and +Virginia may participate in such location." +</p> +<p> +It is clear from the inclusion of Pennsylvania as one of +the participating States, and the reference to "above tide +water" that the Virginia legislators of those days had in +mind a tract somewhat higher up the river than that which +was eventually chosen. Indeed, the first Act of Congress<a +href="#note23" name="noteref23" +class="fnanchor"><small>[23]</small> +</a> +dealing with this subject set the limits within which the +Federal District was to be established "on the river +Potomac, at some place between the mouths of the Eastern +Branch and Connogochegue" (a tributary of the Potomac some +20 miles south of the Pennsylvania State line) and +authorized the President to appoint three commissioners to +survey and "by proper metes and bounds" define and limit +the district to be accepted by the Congress. +</p> +<p> +By a proclamation of January 24, 1791,<a href="#note24" +name="noteref24" class="fnanchor"><small>[24]</small> +</a> +President Washington directed that a survey should be made. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… after duly examining and weighing the advantages +and disadvantages of the several situations within the +limits aforesaid, I do hereby declare and make known that +the location of one part of the said district of 10 miles +square shall be found by running four lines of experiment +in the following manner, that is to say: Running from the +court-house of Alexandria, in Virginia, due southwest half +a mile, and thence a due southeast course till it shall +strike Hunting Creek, to fix the beginning of the said four +lines of experiment. +</p> +<p> +"Then beginning the first of the said four lines of +experiment at the point on Hunting Creek where the said +southeast course shall have struck the same, and running to +the said first line due northwest 10 miles; thence the +second line into Maryland due northeast 10 miles; thence +the third line due southeast 10 miles, and thence the +fourth line due southwest 10 miles to the beginning on +Hunting Creek." +</p> +</div> +<p> +Since the tract thus specified did not lie within the +limits set by the Act of July 1790, the Congress was asked +to authorize the moving of the southern boundary point of +the "ten miles square" farther south to include the Eastern +Branch and the town of Alexandria. Accordingly, the Act of +July 16, 1790, was amended by an Act approved March 3, +1791: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… it shall be lawful for the President to make any +part of the territory below the said limit [the confluence +of the Eastern Branch with the Potomac] and above the mouth +of Hunting Creek, a part of said district, so as to include +a convenient part of the Eastern Branch, and of the lands +lying on the lower side thereof and also the town of +Alexandria...." +</p> +</div> +<p> +No time was lost in establishing definite boundaries for +the new district, and on March 30, 1791, President +Washington issued a proclamation declaring +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"that the whole of the said territory shall be located and +included within the four lines following, that is to say: +</p> +<p> +"Beginning at Jones's Point, being the upper cape of +Hunting Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle in the outset +of 45 degrees west of the north, and running in a direct +line 10 miles for the first line; then beginning again at +the same Jones's Point and running another direct line at a +right angle with the first across the Potomac 10 miles for +the second line; then from the termination of the said +first and second lines running two other direct lines of 10 +miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch aforesaid +and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a +point. +</p> +<p> +"… and the territory so to be located, defined, and +limited shall be the whole territory accepted by the said +acts of Congress as the district for the permanent seat of +the Government of the United States."<a href="#note25" +name="noteref25" class="fnanchor"><small>[25]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +The cornerstone was set at Jones Point, on the bank of the +Potomac below Alexandria, on April 15, 1791. Many of the +original stones, set at intervals of one mile along the +boundary, are still in place though badly showing the +effects of time.<a href="#note26" name="noteref26" +class="fnanchor"><small>[26]</small> +</a> +The stone referred to earlier—at the northwest corner +of present Arlington County—is chipped and almost +overgrown by the great oak tree near which it was placed. A +small tract surround this stone has been set aside as a +public park, jointly owned by the City of Falls Church and +the counties of Arlington and Fairfax. +</p> +<p> +It is interesting that the Acts of Congress setting up the +District of Columbia should have specified that no public +buildings were to be erected on the Virginia side of the +Potomac.<a href="#note27" name="noteref27" +class="fnanchor"><small>[27]</small> +</a> +The Act of 1790 empowered the commissioners to buy or +accept the gift of land for the site of public buildings +only on the eastern side of the Potomac. The Act of 1791 +made this limitation more explicit: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… nothing herein contained, shall authorize the +erection of public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland +side of the river Potomac." +</p> +</div> +<p> +It is curious that this should have been so since the +General Assembly of Virginia in 1789 followed its Act +ceding territory for the formation of a Federal District by +a joint resolution promising to appropriate not less than +$120,000 (a considerable sum in those days) for public +buildings in this territory if Maryland would put up an +amount not less than three-fifths as much. The fact that +there were no Federal office buildings on the Virginia side +of the Potomac was used as an argument for the retrocession +of this area in mid-19th Century. +</p> +<p> +The compromise which had resulted in the selection of the +Potomac as the site of the Federal District included an +agreement that the seat of the Government should be in +Philadelphia for a period of ten years. Accordingly, it was +not until 1800 that the Congress and Government offices +were moved to the City of Washington in the District of +Columbia. +</p> +<p> +Almost from the beginning there was dissatisfaction among +the inhabitants of Alexandria County at being part of the +District of Columbia. This sentiment crystallized in 1846 +when the General Assembly adopted an Act<a href="#note28" +name="noteref28" class="fnanchor"><small>[28]</small> +</a> +expressing the willingness of Virginia to accept the +territory should the Congress re-cede it. A petition was +presented to the Congress by the residents requesting that +this be done. The petition was referred to the Committee on +the District which reported: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"The experience of more than forty years seems to have +demonstrated that the cession of the county and town of +Alexandria was unnecessary for any of the purposes of a +seat of government, mischievous to the interests of the +State at large, and especially injurious to the people of +that portion which was ceded by Virginia."<a href="#note29" +name="noteref29" class="fnanchor"><small>[29]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +Accordingly, a bill was introduced to turn back to Virginia +the area ceded by it in 1789. After considerable debate as +to its constitutionality, the bill was enacted on July 9, +1846. It stipulated that the retrocession should be +contingent upon a referendum among the people of the area +in question. The referendum was held<a href="#note30" +name="noteref30" class="fnanchor"><small>[30]</small> +</a> +and the vote was 763 for and 222 against retrocession. +</p> +<p> +On September 7, 1846, President Polk announced the results +of the referendum and called "upon all and singular the +persons whom it doth or may concern to take notice that the +act aforesaid [of July 9, 1846] 'is in full force and +effect.'"<a href="#note31" name="noteref31" +class="fnanchor"><small>[31]</small> +</a> +It was not until the next year, however, that Virginia got +around to extending its jurisdiction over the "county of +Alexandria." On March 13, 1847, "An Act to extend the +jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia over the +county of Alexandria" was passed. It stated: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… The territory comprising the county of Alexandria +in the District of Columbia heretofore ceded by this +Commonwealth to the United States and by an Act of Congress +of July 9, 1846, retroceded to Virginia and by it accepted +shall be an integral portion of the Commonwealth." +</p> +</div> +<p> +The Act provided that after March 20, 1847, the laws of +Virginia were to be in force in this territory, and went +on: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"That the territory so retroceded and accepted, comprising +the county of Alexandria, shall constitute a new county, +retaining the name of the county of Alexandria, the court- +house whereof shall be in the Town of Alexandria where the +courts now sit...."<a href="#note32" name="noteref32" +class="fnanchor"><small>[32]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +Tentative efforts have been made from time to time to re- +annex this area to the District of Columbia. It was on one +such occasion, in 1865, that a "Remonstrance of the Mayor +and Citizens of Alexandria against the Bill to annex the +city and county of Alexandria to the District of Columbia" +concluded that "Annexation to the District at this time is +repugnant to the feelings and wishes and would be ruinous +to the interests of the people of Alexandria." +</p> +<a name="14"> + +</a> +<p class="head"> +<i> +Arlington's Boundary with the City of Alexandria +</i> +</p> +<p> +Until 1870, Alexandria, first as a Town and, after 1852 as +a City, was geographically part of the County of +Alexandria. However, its boundaries must be considered from +the beginning because all Acts extending the area of the +Town were made in reference to the pre-existing limits. It +is impossible to comprehend the effect of any given change +without tracing the boundaries back to—or forward +from—the beginning. (Map III.) +</p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/map1.jpg" alt="MAP III" width="355" +height="500"> +</div> +<p class="caption"> +MAP III +<br> +Boundaries of the Town and City of Alexandria 1749 to 1915 +</p> +<p class="ralign"> +Drafted by W.B. Allison and B. Sims +</p> +<p> +In 1748, a charter was issued to a group of trustees to +establish a Town +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"covering 60 acres of land, parcel of the lands of Philip +Alexander, John Alexander, and Hugh West, situate, lying +and being on the south side of Potomac River about the +mouth of Great Hunting Creek and in the county of Fairfax +… beginning at the mouth of the first branch above +the warehouse, and extending down the meanders of the said +River Potomac to a point called Middle Point, and thence +down the said river ten poles; and from thence by a line +parallel to the dividing line between John Alexander's land +and Philip Alexander, and back into the woods for the +quantity aforesaid."<a href="#note33" name="noteref33" +class="fnanchor"><small>[33]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +The land was surveyed and lots sold by auction in July +1749. A map with a notation of the purchasers was made by +George Washington,<a href="#note1" name="noteref34" +class="fnanchor"><small>[34]</small> +</a> +at that time a boy of seventeen. On the north, the lots lay +along the north side of Oronoco Street, one block below +Water Street (later Lee; at that time it was interrupted +between Queen and King Streets by the shore line of the +River), and on the south, lots were laid off on the south +side of Duke Street. The Potomac with its bend between +Oronoco and the south side of Prince Street, formed the +eastern boundary, while the western was a line of lots on +the west side of Royal Street. There were 84 lots in all, +four to a block for the most part except for the northwest +portion where a stream, rising on Pitt Street between +Cameron and Queen, drained into the Potomac north of +Oronoco Street. This is the "first branch above the +warehouse" referred to in the charter. +</p> +<p> +The first increment came in 1762 when the General Assembly +passed "An Act for enlarging the town of Alexandria in the +county of Fairfax."<a href="#note35" name="noteref35" +class="fnanchor"><small>[35]</small> +</a> +On the ground that all of the lots included within the +bounds of the town had been built on except for some lying +in low wet marsh, this Act included in Alexandria the +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… lands of Baldwin Dade, Sibel West, John Alexander +the elder and John Alexander the younger which lie +contiguous to the said town … beginning at the corner +of the lot denoted in the plan of said town by the figures +77 [at the south side of Duke St., three lots from its +intersection with Water (Lee) Street] on the said river +Potowmack, at the lower end of the said town, and to extend +thence down the said river the breadth of two half acres, +and one street thence back into the fields, by a line +parallel to the lower line of the said town, such a +distance as to include ten half acre lots and four streets; +thence by a line parallel with the present back line of the +said town to the extent of seventeen half acre lots and +eight streets, and from thence by a line at right angles +with the last to the river." +</p> +</div> +<p> +Until 1779 the Town of Alexandria had had no formal +government, being managed by a Board of Trustees whose +interest was primarily in the sale of land. In that year, +however, the Town was incorporated by the General Assembly +with provision for a Mayor, Council, and other officials. +The charter<a href="#note36" name="noteref36" +class="fnanchor"><small>[36]</small> +</a> +made no mention of boundaries except to give the town +authorities jurisdiction over the territory within a half +mile of the town limits. Another Act<a href="#note37" +name="noteref37" class="fnanchor"><small>[37]</small> +</a> +adopted at the same session stated that lots had been laid +off by John Alexander adjacent to the town in 1774 and sold +with the stipulation that they be built on within two +years. Because of the difficulty of obtaining building +materials due to wartime conditions not all the purchasers +had been able to meet this requirement. The Act extended +the period within which building on these lots was required +to two years +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"after the end of the present war … and the same are +hereby annexed to and made part of the said town of +Alexandria." +</p> +</div> +<p> +The width and direction of the streets to be laid off in +the area surrounding the Town was regulated by an Act of +1785,<a href="#note38" name="noteref38" +class="fnanchor"><small>[38]</small> +</a> +but this did not extend the actual town limits. The area +affected was described as: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning at Great Hunting Creek and running parallel with +Fairfax street to four mile run or creek so as to intersect +King street when extended one mile west of the courthouse, +thence eastwardly down the said creek or run to its +confluence with the Potomac river, thence southwardly down +the said river to the mouth of Great Hunting Creek...." +</p> +</div> +<p> +In the next year, however, the Legislature provided +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"That the limits of the town of Alexandria shall extend to +and include as well the lots formerly composing the said +town, as those adjoining thereto which have been and are +improved."<a href="#note39" name="noteref39" +class="fnanchor"><small>[39]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +The town was still growing, and ten years later the General +Assembly again extended its legal limits. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Whereas several additions of lots contiguous to the town +of Alexandria have been laid off by the proprietors of the +land in lots of half an acre each extending to the north +that range of lots upon the north side of a street called +Montgomery; upon the south, to the line of the District of +Columbia [this line had been surveyed but Alexandria had +not yet been incorporated in the District] upon the west, +to a range of lots upon the west side of West street, and +upon the east to the river Patowmac; that many of the lots +in those additions have already been built upon, and many +more will so be improved; and whereas it has been +represented to the General Assembly that the inhabitants +residing on said lots are not subject to the regulations +made and established for the orderly government of the town +and for the preservation of the health of the inhabitants, +by the prevention and removal of nuisances, upon which +their property and well being does very much depend: +</p> +<p> +"1. +<i> +Be it Therefore Enacted</i>: That each and every lot or +part of a lot within the aforesaid limits, on which at this +time is built a dwelling house of at least 16 feet square, +or equal thereto in size, with a brick or stone chimney and +that each and every lot within said limits which shall +hereafter be so built upon, shall be incorporated with the +said town of Alexandria and considered as part thereof."<a +href="#note40" name="noteref40" +class="fnanchor"><small>[40]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +The following year this Act was amended<a href="#note41" +name="noteref41" class="fnanchor"><small>[41]</small> +</a> +to include unimproved lots since their development was +being hindered by the exclusion. These were the boundaries +of the Town when it became part of the District of +Columbia. They remained unchanged for nearly half a century +thereafter. The charter for the town adopted by the +Congress on February 25, 1804,<a href="#note42" +name="noteref42" class="fnanchor"><small>[42]</small> +</a> +specified that the limits should be those prescribed by the +Acts of Virginia. The jurisdiction of the town officials, +however, was extended to the +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"house lately built in the vicinity of the town for the +accommodation of the poor and others" +</p> +</div> +<p> +and over the ten acres of ground surrounding the poor +house. This is at what is now Monroe Street and Jefferson +Davis Highway. Although the Charter was amended several +times while Alexandria was in the District, no changes were +made in the Town boundaries. +</p> +<p> +After the retrocession of "the county and town of +Alexandria" (v.s., p. 13) not only were the boundaries +changed, but the Town was chartered as a City. Section 22 +of the new charter<a href="#note43" name="noteref43" +class="fnanchor"><small>[43]</small> +</a> +provided: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"The line of the City of Alexandria shall be extended on +the north and west as follows: Beginning in the Potomac +River at a point distant northerly in the direction of +Fairfax Street four hundred nineteen feet and two inches +from the north line of the present corporate limits of the +town of Alexandria in said river, and running thence +westerly, parallel with said north line, to a point at +which it would intersect the present western line if +extended north four hundred nineteen feet and ten inches; +thence southwesterly with the present western line but the +said city council shall have authority to make such police +and sanitary regulations of the territory reaching ten feet +west of the western bank of Hooff's or Mushpot Run; then +parallel to and at that distance from said run to the line +dividing Alexandria from Fairfax county; then southeasterly +with said dividing line to the present southwest corner of +the said town of Alexandria." +</p> +</div> +<p> +The next year the Charter was amended,<a href="#note44" +name="noteref44" class="fnanchor"><small>[44]</small> +</a> +again altering the boundaries: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning in the Potomac river at a point distant +northwardly in the direction of Fairfax street four hundred +and nineteen feet and two inches from the present north +line of the corporate limits of the town in said river, and +running westerly parallel to said north line to intersect +the west line of said limits produced northwardly four +hundred and nineteen feet and two inches; thence +southwardly with said west line produced to the northwest +corner of the said limits; thence eastwardly with the said +north line into the river; then northwardly to the +beginning: Beginning again at the intersection of the +northwestern line of said limits with the north line of +Cameron street; then southwardly with said western line, to +the county line; then northwardly with the county line to +the point where it intersects the brick wall on the south +side of the Little River Turnpike road; then northwardly by +a straight line to the east corner of John Hooff's lot on +the south side of King street extended; then crossing King +street extended to the west corner of the lot of the late +Col. Francis Peyton; then with the west line of said lot +and the course thereof to the north line of Cameron street +extended; then by a straight line to the beginning." +</p> +</div> +<p> +The next addition came in 1858<a href="#note45" +name="noteref45" class="fnanchor"><small>[45]</small> +</a> +when the boundaries were described as: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning in the Potomac River, at a point distant +northerly, in the direction of Fairfax Street five hundred +and ninety five feet and nine inches from the north line of +Montgomery street, as now established in said city, and +extended into said river; and running thence westerly and +parallel with said north line to a point at which this +course will intersect a line one hundred twenty three feet +and five inches west of and running parallel to the western +line of West street as now established, when extended; +thence southerly parallel with West street, to the north +line of Cameron street as now established; thence westerly +in the direction of the north line of Cameron street +extended, to a point in a line with the west line of the +lot of the late Francis Peyton, on which he resided; thence +southerly, parallel with West street, to the south line of +King street, extended; thence in a straight line to a point +in the line dividing the county of Fairfax and Alexandria +from each other, ten feet west of Hoof's Run; thence +southerly, parallel to, and distant 10 feet from Hoof's Run +to the middle of Hunting Creek thence with the middle of +Hunting Creek into the Potomac River; then up the said +river to the beginning." +</p> +</div> +<p> +This line remained in effect until January 27, 1865, when +an amendment to the charter<a href="#note46" +name="noteref46" class="fnanchor"><small>[46]</small> +</a> +withdrew from the jurisdiction of the city all the +territory in Fairfax county (bounded by the old District +line, Hooff's Run and Hunting Creek) which had been added +to the town by the charter of 1858. The next year, on +January 25, 1866, the General Assembly rescinded this +action and restored the boundaries of 1858.<a +href="#note47" name="noteref47" +class="fnanchor"><small>[47]</small> +</a> +A further change occurred in this area on February 20, +1871, when the last part of the description was changed to +read: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"… to a point in the line dividing the county of +Fairfax and Alexandria from each other, ten feet west of +Hooff's Run; thence southerly with the said line into the +Potomac River; thence up said river to the beginning."<a +href="#note48" name="noteref48" +class="fnanchor"><small>[48]</small> +</a> +</p> +</div> +<p> +A major change occurred on May 1, 1870, when the City of +Alexandria was excluded from the County. This came about +through the implementation of an Act of the Assembly<a +href="#note49" name="noteref49" +class="fnanchor"><small>[49]</small> +</a> +following the adoption of a new Virginia Constitution in +1869. In delineating the magisterial districts into which +counties were to be divided it was provided that "no part +of any town or city having a separate organization, or a +population of five thousand or more inhabitants, shall be +embraced." Alexandria was such a city and thereafter was +independent of as well as outside of the County. +</p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/map4.jpg" alt="MAP IV" width="341" +height="500"> +</div> +<p class="caption"> +MAP IV +<br> +Areas Annexed by the City of Alexandria in 1915 and 1929 +</p> +<p class="ralign"> +Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims +</p> +<p> +There were no further legislative changes in the boundaries +of the City of Alexandria after 1871. In 1915, however, the +Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, reversed a decision +of the Circuit Court of Alexandria County given on January +13, 1913. The City Council of Alexandria had sought to +annex adjoining territory from both Fairfax and Alexandria +counties and had been opposed by the authorities of those +counties who had been upheld by the Circuit Court. The +Order of the Supreme Court of Appeals<a href="#note50" +name="noteref50" class="fnanchor"><small>[50]</small> +</a> +transferred 866 acres from Arlington and 450 acres from +Fairfax to Alexandria. +</p> +<p> +This annexation took effect on April 1, 1915. Once more +thereafter Arlington County—as it became known after +1920<a href="#note51" name="noteref51" +class="fnanchor"><small>[51]</small></a>—was to lose +territory to the City of Alexandria. This was in 1929 when +a decision of the Supreme Court of Appeals<a href="#note52" +name="noteref52" class="fnanchor"><small>[52]</small> +</a> +rendered May 4, 1929, found in favor of the City of +Alexandria which had begun annexation proceedings in +December 1927. +</p> +<p> +The Court held that "it is necessary and expedient that the +corporate limits of the City of Alexandria should be +extended" and that "the territory to be annexed from +Arlington County is a reasonably compact body of land and +contains no land which is not adapted to city improvement, +and the Court being also of the opinion that no land is +included which the City will not need in the reasonably +near future for development …" +</p> +<p> +The Court ordered the annexation<a href="#note53" +name="noteref53" class="fnanchor"><small>[53]</small> +</a> +to take effect on December 31, 1929. The line thus +established remained in effect until January 1, 1966. +</p> +<p> +This was the last annexation of territory from Arlington +County. A special provision of the Act<a href="#note54" +name="noteref54" class="fnanchor"><small>[54]</small> +</a> +establishing the County Manager plan of government, adopted +by Arlington in 1930, effective January 1, 1932, prevents +the annexation of any +<i> +part +</i> +of the County (but permits annexation of the +<i> +entire +</i> +County after referendum). In 1938, as a further precaution, +the legislative delegation representing Arlington County +succeeded in having the General Assembly enact a law<a +href="#note55" name="noteref55" +class="fnanchor"><small>[55]</small> +</a> +which prohibits the annexation of territory from any county +which would result in reducing the area of that county to +less than 60 square miles of highland. Since Arlington has +less than 26 square miles, this Act effectively checks any +further such encroachments upon its territory. +</p> +<p> +Development on both sides of the 1929 boundary line, +construction of streets and notably of the Henry G. Shirley +Memorial Highway—and especially changes in the +channel of Four Mile Run—eventually brought +dissatisfaction with that line. In 1962, the Arlington and +Alexandria legislative delegations secured enactment by the +General Assembly of an Act<a href="#note56" +name="noteref56" class="fnanchor"><small>[56]</small> +</a> +permitting an adjustment in the boundary to be concluded by +mutual agreement between the governing bodies of the County +and the City, the agreement to be recorded in the Clerk's +Office of both jurisdictions. +</p> +<p> +Negotiations began after the area affected had been +surveyed and the private property which might be the +subject of exchange had been appraised. Impetus was given +by the need of Arlington for land in connection with +enlargement of the County sewage treatment facilities; this +land, although on the North side of Four Mile Run fell in +Alexandria. Finally, the Arlington County Board gave +approval in principle to a draft proposal on April 10, +1965,<a href="#note57" name="noteref57" +class="fnanchor"><small>[57]</small> +</a> +and on April 13, 1965, the Alexandria City Council followed +suit. A public hearing was held on May 5, 1965, but final +action was deferred pending refinement of the proposal. In +December 1965, the final agreement was recorded<a +href="#note58" name="noteref58" +class="fnanchor"><small>[58]</small> +</a> +and the transfer of certain publicly owned property +approved by the Circuit Court. The net gain to Arlington's +area was 167 acres. +</p> +<p> +This procedure for rectifying boundaries between a County +and a City is highly unusual in the Virginia experience. +</p> +<a name="24"> + +</a> +<p class="head"> +<i> +Arlington's Boundary with the District of Columbia +</i> +</p> +<p> +No definite effort was made at the time of the recession of +Alexandria County to Virginia to draw a boundary line +between the County and the remaining portion of the +District of Columbia. As noted above, the various acts +bringing about the recession referred only to "the +territory heretofore ceded by the Commonwealth of +Virginia." The actual boundary was of small moment at the +time. +</p> +<p> +Toward the end of the 19th Century, however, the United +States Government acquired lands on the Virginia shore of +the Potomac largely through the purchase of the Arlington +estate. As the 20th Century progressed, roads (notably the +Mount Vernon Boulevard and later the George Washington +Memorial Parkway) were constructed, bridges and bridge +approaches built and, eventually, the Federal Government +undertook to construct the National Airport at Gravelly +Point below Alexander's Island. A suit<a href="#note59" +name="noteref59" class="fnanchor"><small>[59]</small> +</a> +over government activity in making a land fill raised +questions as to the exact location of the +boundary—and indeed as to whether Alexander's Island +really was an island or was a peninsula. This case, decided +by the U.S. Supreme Court on May 4, 1931, set the boundary +line between the District of Columbia and Virginia at the +high water mark of the Potomac on the Virginia shore as it +existed in 1791. +</p> +<p> +But where had that high water mark been? There had been no +survey at the time; the shore line had never been marked; +and even had it been, the passage of time had made many +changes in the river front.<a href="#note60" +name="noteref60" class="fnanchor"><small>[60]</small> +</a> +A Commission was established<a href="#note61" +name="noteref61" class="fnanchor"><small>[61]</small></a>to +deal with this question. The instructions to this +Commission were to take into consideration the decisions of +the Supreme Court of the United States, the findings and +report of the Maryland-Virginia Commission of 1877<a +href="#note62" name="noteref62" +class="fnanchor"><small>[62]</small> +</a> +and the Maryland-Virginia compact of 1785.<a href="#note63" +name="noteref63" class="fnanchor"><small>[63]</small> +</a> +</p> +<p> +The Commission accumulated a large volume of testimony and +exhibits and completed its report<a href="#note64" +name="noteref64" class="fnanchor"><small>[64]</small> +</a> +in 1935. It found that the "fair and proper boundary is the +low water mark on the Virginia shore running from headland +to headland across creeks and inlets." It pointed out that +inasmuch as the mark of 1791 could not be determined the +low water mark should be accepted as of this day. It +suggested that an exception be made at Roaches Run where +the line should run 150 feet west of and parallel to the +west line of the Mount Vernon Boulevard. +</p> +<p> +Several bills<a href="#note65" name="noteref65" +class="fnanchor"><small>[65]</small> +</a> +were introduced into Congress to give effect to the +decision of the Commission but none was enacted at this +time. The completion of the Airport and the Pentagon +Building gave urgency to the problem: conflicts of +jurisdiction hampered law enforcement and complicated the +question of tax collection. Moreover, Virginia was anxious +to insure that the liquor control laws of the State and not +those of the District of Columbia should be in effect at +the National Airport. In 1942, the General Assembly had +adopted an Act<a href="#note66" name="noteref66" +class="fnanchor"><small>[66]</small> +</a> +covering the boundary question, on the assumption that the +bill then pending in Congress would be passed. Disagreement +over the details of the jurisdiction to be ceded and +accepted by Virginia and the United States Government +prevented passage of a Federal Act until 1945 when Public +Law 208 was enacted by the 79th Congress. This was followed +by an Act<a href="#note67" name="noteref67" +class="fnanchor"><small>[67]</small> +</a> +of the Virginia General Assembly repealing the 1942 Act and +ratifying the 1945 Federal Act. +</p> +<p> +This law is in effect today. It provides that the boundary +line +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"shall begin at a point where the northwest boundary of the +District of Columbia intercepts the high-water mark of the +Virginia shore of the Potomac River and following the +present mean high-water mark; thence in a southeasterly +direction along the Virginia shore of the Potomac River to +Little River, along the Virginia shore of Little River to +Boundary Channel, along the Virginia side of Boundary +Channel to the main body of the Potomac River, along the +Virginia side of the Potomac River across the mouths of all +tributaries affected by the tides of the river to Second +Street, Alexandria, Virginia, from Second Street to the +present established pierhead line, and following said +pierhead line to its connection with the District of +Columbia-Maryland boundary line; that whenever said mean +high-watermark on the Virginia shore is altered by +artificial fill and excavations made by the United States, +or by alluvion or erosion, then the boundary shall follow +the new mean high-water mark on the Virginia shore as +altered, or whenever the location of the pierhead line +along the Alexandria water front is altered, then the +boundary shall follow the new location of the pierhead +line." +</p> +</div> +<p> +The Act also provided that all the land on the Virginia +side of the Potomac lying between the boundary line as now +adopted and the mean high water mark as it existed on +January 24, 1791 (wherever that was!) should be ceded to +the State of Virginia. The United States, however, reserved +concurrent jurisdiction over this area. +</p> +<p> +Here the matter rests very uneasily today. The exact line +was surveyed, monumented, and mapped by the U.S. Coast and +Geodetic Survey over the years 1946-1947.<a href="#note68" +name="noteref68" class="fnanchor"><small>[68]</small> +</a> +However, the working agreements reached by the law +enforcement officials of the various jurisdictions +concerned have not always proven satisfactory. The long +history of the location of the Potomac River boundary of +Arlington County cannot yet be said to have reached its +end. +</p> +<a name="27"> + +</a> +<p class="head"> +<i> +Postscript—Towns in Arlington County +</i> +</p> +<p> +Of the three towns which have lain within Arlington County, +the only one whose limits have been of importance to the +territorial extent of the County is Alexandria. +Nonetheless, to complete the record, some mention should be +made of the Town of Potomac and the Town of Falls Church, +the first of which lay wholly within Arlington, and the +second, partly so. +</p> +<p> +Falls Church is the older town. It was chartered by the +General Assembly on March 30, 1875.<a href="#note69" +name="noteref69" class="fnanchor"><small>[69]</small> +</a> +The charter set forth the boundaries as: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning at the corner of Alexandria and Fairfax Counties +on J. C. DePutron's farm; thence to the corner of W. H. +Ellison and Koon [sic] on D. H. Barrett's line; thence to +the corner of Sewell and Hollidge, on the new cut road; +thence to the corner of J. E. Birch and H. J. England, on +the Falls Church and Fairfax Courthouse road; thence to a +stone in the road being a corner of B. F. Shreve, Newton, +and others; thence to the crossing of the Alexandria and +Georgetown roads at Taylor's corners; thence along the line +of said Georgetown road to the corner of Samuel Shreve and +John Febrey; thence to a pin oak tree near Dr. L. E. Gott's +spring; thence to the northeast corner of John Brown's +barn; thence to the crossing of Isaac Crossmun's and +Bowen's line on the Chain Bridge Road; thence to the place +of beginning." +</p> +</div> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/map5.jpg" alt="MAP V" width="328" +height="500"> +</div> +<p class="caption"> +MAP V +<br> +The Towns of Falls Church and Potomac in Arlington County +</p> +<p class="ralign"> +Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims +</p> +<p> +After Arlington adopted the County Manager form of +government, the residents of so much of the Town of Falls +Church as lay within Arlington County (Map V) sought to +have the charter amended to reduce the limits of the Town +to that portion which lay in Fairfax. An action was brought +on July 7, 1932, and the Circuit Court granted the petition +on January 17, 1935.<a href="#note70" name="noteref70" +class="fnanchor"><small>[70]</small> +</a> +This decision was appealed, however, and it was not until +the next year (April 30, 1936) that the order went into +effect,<a href="#note71" name="noteref71" +class="fnanchor"><small>[71]</small> +</a> +after the lower court had been upheld by the Virginia +Supreme Court of Appeals. +</p> +<p> +The area affected by the order is described as: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning at a large planted stone on the estate of the +late J. C. DePutron, at the original western corner of the +District of Columbia, which is also at the corner of +Fairfax and Arlington counties, and at the corner of the +Town of Falls Church; thence with the boundary of said Town +S. 83° 155′ E. 2,404 feet more or less, to a +planted stone in the center of Little Falls Street also +called the Chain Bridge Road, at a point at which said +street is intersected by the boundary of the land formerly +known as the Bowen tract; thence with the boundary of said +Town S. 49° 15′ E. 3,482 feet, more or less, to +a planted granite stone at a point which formerly marked +the northeast corner of John Brown's barn; thence with the +boundary of said Town S. 28° 45′ E. 2,410 feet, +more or less, to a point at which there formerly stood a +large pin oak on the Gott tract; thence with the boundary +of the said Town S. 4° 15′ W. to the boundary +between Fairfax and Arlington counties; thence with the +said boundary in a northwesterly direction to the place of +beginning." +</p> +</div> +<p> +The Town of Potomac was chartered by the General Assembly +in 1908.<a href="#note72" name="noteref72" +class="fnanchor"><small>[72]</small> +</a> +Its boundaries (Map V) were described as: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning at the north intersection of Bellefont Avenue in +the subdivision of 'Del Ray' with the Washington and +Alexandria Turnpike, thence northerly along the west line +of the Turnpike to the old Georgetown Road, the northern +boundary of the subdivision of St. Elmo; thence westerly +along the south side of the Georgetown Road to the dividing +line of Susan P. A. Calvert and Charles E. Wood; thence +with the line of Calvert and Wood to the west line of the +Washington, Alexandria and Mt. Vernon R.R. Co., to its +intersection with Lloyd's Lane and Bellefont Avenue to the +beginning." +</p> +</div> +<p> +All this area was included in the annexation to Alexandria +which was effected in 1929 (cf. p. 23). +</p> +<p> +One proposed town deserves mention. In 1920 a group of +citizens petitioned the Circuit Court for a town charter +for Clarendon. The Court denied the petition. Upon appeal, +the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia upheld the lower +court, declaring that all of Arlington County was a +"continuous, contiguous, and homogeneous community" and as +such should not be subjected to subdivision for the purpose +of incorporating a town.<a href="#note73" name="noteref73" +class="fnanchor"><small>[73]</small> +</a> +Since Arlington is even more a "continuous, contiguous, and +homogeneous" community than it was in 1922 there is no +prospect that ever again will there be a town within the +bounds of the County. +</p> +<a name="appendix"> + +</a> +<p class="chapter"> +APPENDIX +</p> +<p class="head"> +<i> +Annexation of 1915 +</i> +</p> +<p> +Text of the order of the Supreme Court of Appeals setting +the area to be annexed by Alexandria as of April 1, 1915: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"1st. That the following territory in Fairfax County be, +and the same is hereby annexed to the City of Alexandria, +to wit:—Beginning at a point in mid-channel of +Hunting Creek southward of Alexandria Water Company's +pumping station with the east side of a lane, called +Robert's Lane; running thence northwardly with the east +line of said Lane, extended, and with the east line of said +Lane to the south side of the Little River Turnpike; thence +across the Little River Turnpike in the same direction to +the extreme west corner of Shooter's Hill section of George +Washington Park sub-division; thence with the west boundary +of said Shooter's Hill section to the corner of said +Shooter's Hill section and Section No. 2 of said sub- +division; thence with the west boundary of said Section No. +2 of said sub-division to a point on the south side of +Janney's Road fifty (50) feet west from the intersection of +the south side of Janney's Road and the west side of the +Leesburg Turnpike; thence continuing to about 25 degrees +east to the old District of Columbia line, being the +dividing line between said Fairfax County and Alexandria +County; and thence southwestwardly with the said old +District line to Jones Point on the Potomac River; thence +southwardly down the said River to the mid-channel of +Hunting Creek: thence with the meanderings of the mid- +channel of Hunting Creek up stream, to the point of +beginning.... 2nd. That the following described territory +in Alexandria County be, and the same is, hereby annexed to +the City of Alexandria: Beginning at the northwest corner +of the present city boundary, and extended said line +westwardly, in the same course until it intersects with the +north side of the Braddock Road; thence southwardly, to the +Old District line at the northwest corner of the land +annexed from Fairfax County; thence with the said old +District line southeastwardly to the southwest corner of +the present city boundary about twenty feet west of Hooff's +Run; thence following the western boundary line of the +present city to the northwest corner of the present +boundary line of the city and the point of beginning.... +And it is further ordered that the boundary lines of the +City of Alexandria after annexation shall be as follows: +Beginning in the Potomac River at the northeast corner of +the present boundary of the City of Alexandria and +following the present north boundary line of the City of +Alexandria to the northwest corner of the City, thence +prolonging said line in the same direction until it +intersects with the north side of the Braddock Road; then +southwardly to a point on the south side of Janney's Lane +fifty (50) feet from the west side of Leesburg Turnpike; +thence southwardly along the west boundary line of George +Washington Park subdivision to the Alexandria Water Company +property and reservoir; thence southwardly with the west +line of Alexandria Water Company's property to the north +side of the Little River Turnpike; thence across the Little +River Turnpike and with the east side of Robert's Lane and +continuing with the east side of Robert's Lane extended to +the mid-channel of Hunting Creek; thence downstream with +the meandering of the mid-channel of Hunting Creek to the +Potomac River, thence up the Potomac River to Jones Point +and thence with the west side of the Potomac River to the +point of beginning, the northeast corner of the present +boundary of the City of Alexandria." +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<i> +Annexation of 1929 +</i> +</p> +<p> +Text of the order of the Supreme Court of Appeals setting +the area to be annexed by Alexandria as of December 31, +1929: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"Beginning at the intersection of the north corporate +limits of Alexandria Virginia with the west shore of the +Potomac River, thence extending N. 80° 39′ W. +along said north boundary line to the northwest corner of +the corporate limits as the same was established prior to +the year 1915; +thence with the line as established March 22, 1915, and +continuing said north corporate line N. 80° 39′ +W., 4,353.86 feet to a set stone at the corner on the north +side of the Braddock Road within the subdivision of +Northwest Alexandria; thence S. 30° 11′ W., +1,892.20 feet +to the intersection with the line separating Fairfax and +Arlington Counties; thence with the line of said two +counties N. 45° 02′ 50″ W., 6,434.88 feet +to a point in the center line of the Braddock Road (having +passed over an original milestone in said county line at +3,244.70 feet); +thence following along the center line of said Braddock +Road, S. 84° 22′ 30″ E., 264.20 feet to a +point where said Braddock Road is intersected by the +southwardly projection of the Seminary Road: thence +departing from said Braddock Road and following along the +center line of said Seminary +Road the following courses: N. 5° 02′ 30″ +E. 811.50 feet, N. 22° 46′ 30″ E. 611.05 +feet, N. 1° 23′ W., 1,551.40 feet, N. 20° +03′ E. 319.13 feet, N. 19° 48′ E. 385.49 +feet, N. 37° 45′ W. 183.32 feet, N. 2° +57′ E. 140.89 feet, +N. 28° 00′ E. 165.41 feet, N. 5° 59′ +E., 145.83 feet N. 13° 47′ W. 436.37 feet, N. +9° 02′ W. 1,447.08 feet, and N. 2° +10′ 30″ E. 274.90 feet to the point where said +center line of said Seminary Road intersects the south +right-of-way line of the +Washington and Old Dominion Railway; thence with said south +right-of-way line S. 77° 39′ 30″ E., +1885.80 more or less, to the center line of the channel of +Four Mile Run; thence down the mid-channel line of said +Four Mile Run following the meanderings thereof as the same +passes under the +Washington Virginia Railway (now the Mount Vernon, +Alexandria and Washington Railway) the Washington and +Alexandria Road, and extending to the intersection of the +said Run with the Potomac River; thence following along the +west shore line of said Potomac River southwardly to the +point of beginning." +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<i> +Boundary Adjustment 1966 +</i> +</p> +<p> +Text of the description of the new Arlington-Alexandria +boundary in effect on January 1, 1966, by mutual agreement: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +"A line beginning at a point on the common boundary between +Fairfax County and the City of Alexandria, Virginia, said +point being in the existing right of way of Route #7 and is +further defined as point #134 having Virginia State +Coordinates of N. 431,495.42 and E. 2,395,581.64 as shown +on a map recorded with a deed of annexation in Deed Book +332, page 559, of the land records of the City of +Alexandria, Virginia; thence running along said common +boundary N. 55° 50′ 10″ E., 69.09 feet to +the boundary corner #135 whose coordinates are N. +431,534.22 and E. 2,395,638.81, said point #135 also being +shown on the aforementioned boundary map; thence still +running with the last mentioned course and across Route #7 +1.29 feet (70.38 feet in all) to a point having coordinates +N. 431,534.94 and E. 2,395,639.88; thence running N. +09° 13′ 10″ E. 0.69 feet to a point lying +on the northerly side of Route #7, 40 feet from same and +having coordinates N. 431,535.62 and E. 2,395,639.99; +thence running along the northerly side of Route #7 S. +66° 38′ 20″ E., 96.13 feet to a point of +curvature whose coordinates are N. 431,497.50 and E. +2,395,728.24 thence continuing with said northerly side of +Route #7 and its extension and following the arc of a curve +to the right whose radius is 2331.83 feet and whose chord +and chord bearing are 810.17 feet and S. 56° 38′ +05″ E. respectively, for an arc distance of 814.30 +feet to a point on the extension of the northerly side of +25th Street, and whose coordinates are N. 431,051.93 and E. +2,396,404.88; thence running along said extension and +thence with the northerly side of said street N. 50° +54′ 13″ E., 39.53 feet to a point of curvature +whose coordinates are N. 431,076.86 and E. 2,396,435.56; +thence following the arc of a curve to the right whose +radius is 115.60 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are +42.17 feet and N. 61° 24′ 48″ E. +respectively, for an arc distance of 42.41 feet to a point +of tangency whose coordinates are N. 431,097.04 and E. +2,396,472.59; thence continuing along 25th Street N. +71° 55′ 23″ E. 220.00 feet to a point +whose coordinates are N. 431,165.30 and E. 2,396,681.73; +thence turning and running across 25th Street and thence +along the common boundary between lots #503 and #5 of +Section 1 of Claremont Subdivision, and thence across +Beauregard Street (its extension into Arlington County +being known as S. Walter Reed Drive) S. 18° 04′ +37″ E., 317.80 feet to a point on a curve in the +southerly side of Beauregard Street, said point having +coordinates N. 430,863.19 and E. 2,396,780.34; thence +running along the southerly side of said street and +following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is +410.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 69.89 +feet and S. 55° 47′ 34.5″ respectively, +for an arc distance of 69.97 feet to a point of tangency +having coordinates N. 430,823.90 and E. 2,396,722.54; +thence continuing along the southerly side of Beauregard +Street and its extension S. 50° 54′ 13″ W. +83.66 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 430,771.14 +and E. 2,396,657.61, said point being 40 feet from the +centerline of the previously mentioned Route #7; thence +running parallel with but 40 feet from said centerline S. +37° 38′ 20″ E. 572.92 feet to a point +whose coordinates are N. 430,317.46 and E. 2,397,007.48, +said point being on the extension of the common boundary +between Section #1-A of Claremont and Section #2 of +Fairlington; thence running along said extension and thence +along said common boundary itself N. 44° 19′ +57″ E., 335.55 feet to a point being the +northwesterly corner of a parcel of land owned by the City +of Alexandria; and having coordinates N. 430,557.48 and E. +2,397,241.97; thence running with the northeasterly +boundary of said parcel S. 45° 38′ 10″ E., +242.71 feet to a point on a curve having coordinates N. +430,387.77 and E. 2,397,415.49 and lying in the northerly +line of 28th Street; thence running along said northerly +line of 28th Street and following the arc of a curve to the +right whose radius is 311.48 feet and whose chord and chord +bearing are 37.57 feet and S. 64° 02′ 05″ +E. respectively, for an arc distance of 37.60 feet to a +point of tangency whose coordinates are N. 430,371.32 and +E. 2,397,449.27; thence along the northerly side of South +Columbus Street S. 60° 34′ 37″ E., 415.05 +feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. +430,167.42 and E. 2,397,810.79; thence running along the +arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 215.99 feet and +whose chord and chord bearing are 162.40 feet and S. +38° 29′ 37″ E. respectively for an arc +distance of 166.50 feet to a point of tangency lying in the +intersection of 29th Street and Columbus Street and having +coordinates N. 430,040.31 and E. 2,397,911.87; thence +running S. 16° 24′ 37″ E. 69.70 feet to a +point of curvature on the northeasterly side of Columbus +Street and whose coordinates are N. 429,973.45 and E. +2,397,931.56; thence running along the northeasterly side +of said street and following the arc of a curve to the left +whose radius is 691.20 feet and whose chord and chord +bearing are 396.48 feet and S. 33° 04′ 37″ +E. respectively, for an arc distance of 402.12 feet to a +point of tangency, the coordinates of which are N. +429,641.22 and E. 2,398,147.94; thence running S. 49° +44′ 37″ E. 545.56 feet to a point of curvature +whose coordinates are N. 429,288.67 and E. 2,398,564.29; +thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose +radius is 20.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are +21.94 feet and S. 83° 00′ 35.5″ E. +respectively, for an arc distance of 23.22 feet to a point +of reversed curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,286.00 +and E. 2,398,586.07; thence running around the circle of +the intersection of Columbus and 30th Streets and following +the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 93.00 feet +and whose chord and chord bearing are 177.22 feet and S. +08° 36′ 07″ E. respectively, for an arc +distance of 349.54 feet to a point of curvature whose +coordinates are N. 429,110.77 and E. 2,398,612.58; thence +following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is +20.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 21.94 feet +and S. 65° 48′ 21.5″ W. respectively, for +an arc distance of 23.22 feet to a point of tangency on the +southeasterly side of 30th Street, said point having +coordinates N. 429,101.78 and E. 2,398,592.57; thence +running along the southeasterly side of said street S. +32° 32′ 23″ W., 136.28 feet to a point of +curvature whose coordinates are N. 428,986.89 and E. +2,398,519.27; thence following the arc of a curve to the +left whose radius is 25.00 feet and whose chord and chord +bearing are 35.36 feet and S. 12° 27′ 37″ +E. respectively, for an arc distance of 39.27 feet to a +point on the northeasterly side of Route #7, said point +having coordinates N. 428,952.36 and E. 2,398,526.90; +thence running S. 57° 27′ 37″ E. 62.54 +feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 428,918.72 and E. +2,398,579.62; thence running S. 56° 42′ +37″ E. 713.53 feet to a point of curvature, said +point having coordinates N. 428,527.08 and E. 2,399,176.06; +thence following the arc of a curve to the right whose +radius is 6056.68 feet and whose chord and chord bearing +are 1137.63 feet and S. 51° 19′ 17″ E., +respectively for an arc distance of 1139.31 feet to a point +of tangency on the northeasterly side of Route #7, said +point having coordinates N. 427,816.12 and E. 2,400,064.17; +thence running along the northeasterly side of Route #7, S. +45° 55′ 57″ E., 2926.68 feet to a point of +curvature whose coordinates are N. 425,780.60 and E. +2,402,167.05; thence following the arc of a curve to the +left whose radius is 25.00 feet and whose chord and chord +bearing are 29.63 feet and S. 82° 16′ +52.5″ E. respectively, for an arc distance of 31.72 +feet to a point on the northerly side of Quaker Lane, said +point having coordinates of N. 425,776.62 and E. +2,402,196.41; thence following the northerly side of Quaker +Lane N. 61° 22′ 12″ E. 25.35 feet to a +point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 425,788.77 and +E. 2,402,218.66; thence following the arc of a curve to the +left whose radius is 880.83 feet and whose chord and chord +bearing are 594.59 feet and N. 41° 38′ +39.5″ E. respectively, for an arc distance of 606.50 +feet to a point of tangency having coordinates N. +426,233.10 and E. 2,402,613.77; thence turning and running +S. 68° 04′ 53″ E. 47.00 feet to a point +whose coordinates are N. 426,215.56 and E. 2,402,657.37, +said point being on the centerline of Quaker Lane; thence +running along the centerline of same N. 21° 55′ +07″ E. 492.76 feet to a point of curvature having +coordinates N. 426,672.70 and E. 2,402,841.31; thence +following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is +1200.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 499.27 +feet and N. 09° 54′ 42.5″ E. respectively, +for an arc distance of 502.94 feet to a point of tangency +whose coordinates are N. 427,164.52 and E. 2,402,927.25; +thence running N. 02° 05′ 42″ W. 993.05 +feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 428,156.91 and E. +2,402,890.95; said point lying in the intersection of +Quaker Lane and Crestwood Drive; thence continuing along +the centerline of Quaker Lane N. 00° 59′ +42″ W., 201.72 feet to a point of curvature whose +coordinates are N. 428,358.60 and E. 2,402,887.45; thence +following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is +595.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 204.00 +feet and N. 08° 52′ 33″ E. respectively, +for an arc distance of 205.01 feet to a point of tangency +having coordinates N. 428,560.16 and E. 2,402,918.93; +thence running N. 18° 44′ 48″ E., 122.09 +feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. +428,675.77 and E. 2,402,958.17; thence running along the +arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 2181.87 feet and +whose chord and chord bearing are 237.27 feet and N. +15° 37′ 47″ E. respectively, for an arc +distance of 237.39 feet to a point of tangency having +coordinates N. 428,904.27 and E. 2,403,022.10; thence +running N. 12° 30′ 46″ E. 88.70 feet to a +point of curvature having coordinates N. 428,990.86 and E. +2,403,041.32 and lying in the intersection of Quaker Lane, +32nd Road South, and Preston Road; thence following the arc +of a curve to the left whose radius is 243.67 feet and +whose chord and chord bearing are 44.38 feet and N. +07° 17′ 14.5″ E. respectively, for an arc +distance of 44.44 feet to a point of tangency having +coordinates N. 429,034.88 and E. 2,403,046.95; thence +running N. 02° 03′ 43″ E. 264.98 feet to a +point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,299.69 and +E. 2,403,056.48 thence still running along the centerline +of Quaker Lane and following the arc of a curve to the left +whose radius is 2165.91 feet and whose chord and chord +bearing are 152.44 feet and N. 00° 02′ 43″ +E. respectively for an arc distance of 152.47 feet to a +point of tangency having coordinates N. 429,452.13 and E. +2,403,056.60; thence N. 01° 58′ 17″ W., +141.63 feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. +429,593.68 and E. 2,403,051.73; thence following the arc of +a curve to the right whose radius is 4560.67 feet and whose +chord and chord bearing are 224.93 feet and N. 00° +33′ 30″ W. respectively for an arc distance of +224.95 feet to a point on the existing Alexandria-Arlington +Boundary, said point having coordinates N. 429,818.60 and +E. 2,403,049.54; thence running along said existing +boundary N. 14° 40′ 33″ W., 307.96 feet to +an existing boundary corner with coordinates N. 430,116.51 +and E. 2,402,971.52; thence running N. 09° 54′ +36″ W., 1447.14 feet to another existing corner +having coordinates N. 431,542.06 and E. 2,402,722.47; +thence continuing with said existing Alexandria-Arlington +Boundary N. 01° 20′ 15″ E., 271.24 feet to +a corner with coordinates N. 431,813.23 and E. 402,728.80, +said point being in the vicinity of the Washington and Old +Dominion Railroad right of way; thence running S. 78° +26′ 13″ E. 1858.44 feet to an existing boundary +corner having coordinates N. 431,440.71 and E. +2,404,549.52; thence continuing with an extension of the +last mentioned course 5.73 feet (1864.17 feet in all) to a +point whose coordinates are N. 431,439.56 and E. +2,404,555.13; said point lying in Four Mile Run; thence +turning and running with the proposed centerline of Four +Mile Run N. 20° 30′ 55″ E., 62.07 feet to +a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 431,497.69 +and E. 2,404,576.88; thence following the arc of a curve to +the right whose radius is 420.44 feet and whose chord and +chord bearing are 361.79 feet and N. 45° 59′ +55″ E. respectively, for an arc distance of 374.00 +feet to a point of compound curvature having coordinates N. +431,749.02 and E. 2,404,837.12; thence running along the +arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 388.90 feet and +whose chord and chord bearing are 241.48 feet and N. +89° 34′ 10″ E. respectively for an arc +distance of 245.54 feet to a point of tangency whose +coordinates are N. 431,750.83 and E. 2,405,078.59 thence +continuing along said proposed center and thence with the +existing centerline of Four Mile Run S. 72° 20′ +35″ E. 115.13 feet to a point of curvature whose +coordinates are N. 431,715.91 and E. 2,405,188.30; thence +following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is +805.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 218.56 +feet and S. 80° 08′ 42.5″ E. respectively +for an arc distance of 219.24 feet to a point of tangency +whose coordinates are N. 431,678.50 and E. 2,405,403.64; +thence running S. 87° 56′ 50″ E., 10.38 +feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. +431,678.13 and E. 2,405,414.01; thence following the arc of +a curve to the left whose radius is 2864.79 feet and whose +chord and chord bearing are 626.25 feet and N. 85° +46′ 40″ E. respectively, for an arc distance of +627.50 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates are N. +431,724.24 and E. 2,406,038.56; thence continuing along the +centerline of said Four Mile Run N. 79° 30′ +10″ E., 571.24 feet to a point of curvature having +coordinates N. 431,828.31 and E. 2,406,600.24; thence +following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is +1909.88 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 500.23 +feet and N. 87° 01′ 40″ E., respectively +for an arc distance of 501.67 feet to a point of tangency; +said point having coordinates N. 431,854.25 and E. +2,407,099.80; thence running S. 85° 26′ +50″ E., 542.38 feet to a point of curvature with +coordinates N. 431,811.20 and E. 2,407,640.47; thence +following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is +1432.41 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 585.03 +feet and N. 82° 46′ 10″ E. respectively, +for an arc distance of 589.17 feet to a point of tangency +having coordinates N. 431,884.83 and E. 2,408,220.85; +thence running N. 70° 59′ 10″ E. 28.44 +feet to a point of curvature having coordinates of N. +431,894.10 and E. 2,408,247.74; thence following the arc of +a curve to the left whose radius is 1318.44 feet and whose +chord and chord bearing are 482.64 feet and N. 60° +26′ 22″ E. respectively, for an arc distance of +485.38 feet to a point of tangency having coordinates N. +432,132.21 and E. 2,408,667.56; thence running N. 49° +53′ 34″ E., 4.43 feet to a point whose +coordinates are N. 432,135.06 and E. 2,408,670.95; thence +running across Mount Vernon Avenue (Arlington Ridge Road in +Arlington) and still following the previously mentioned +centerline of Four Mile Run N. 71° 20′ 53″ +E., 274.92 feet to a point of curvature with coordinates N. +432,222.98 and E. 2,408,931.43; thence running along the +arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 315.05 feet and +whose chord and chord bearing are 289.48 feet and S. +81° 18′ 07″ E. respectively for an arc +distance of 300.28 feet to a point of tangency with +coordinates of N. 432,179.20 and E. 2,409,217.58; thence +running S. 53° 57′ 07″ E., 314.44 feet to +a point whose coordinates are N. 431,994.16 and E. +2,409,471.81; thence still running along said centerline S. +52° 58′ 38″ E., 665.38 feet to a point +with coordinates N. 431,593.51 and E. 2,410,003.05; thence +S. 61° 35′ 07″ E., 504.49 feet to a point +having coordinates N. 431,353.45 and E. 2,410,446.76; +thence S. 62° 23′ 28″ E. 1048.27 feet to a +point with coordinates N. 430,867.65 and E. 2,411,375.67 +and S. 67° 03′ 11″ E., 544.81 feet to a +point of curvature, said point having coordinates N. +430,655.24 and E. 2,411,877.37; thence running with the +centerline of said Four Mile Run, across Jefferson Davis +Highway (Route #1), thru the culvert and Potomac Railroad +Yards, and following the arc of a curve to the left whose +radius is 446.47 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are +485.07 feet and N. 80° 02′ 34.5″ E. +respectively for an arc distance of 512.80 feet to a point +of tangency whose coordinates are N. 430,739.11 and E. +2,412,355.13; thence N. 47° 08′ 20″ E. +400.92 feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. +431,011.83 and E. 2,412,649.01; thence following the arc of +a curve to the right whose radius is 247.32 feet and whose +chord and chord bearing are 288.28 feet and N. 82° +47′ 15.5″ E. respectively for an arc distance +of 307.76 feet to a point of reversed curvature, said point +having coordinates N. 431,048.02 and E. 2,412,935.01; +thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose +radius is 692.78 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are +339.43 feet and S. 75° 44′ 39″ E., +respectively for an arc distance of 342.92 feet to a point +of tangency with coordinates N. 430,964.43 and E. +2,413,263.99; thence running S. 89° 55′ +29″ E., thru the culvert at George Washington +Memorial Parkway and to the Potomac River. +</p> +</div> +<a name="biblio"> + +</a> +<p class="chapter"> +BIBLIOGRAPHY +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Arlington County, Virginia. +<i> +Deed Books. +</i> +</p> +<p class="hang"> +——. +<i> +Common Law Order Books. +</i> +</p> +<p class="hang"> +——. +<i> +County Board Minute Books. +</i> +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Arlington Historical Society. +<i> +The Arlington Historical Magazine. +</i> +Arlington; annual. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Bain, Chester W. +<i> +Annexation in Virginia</i>: The Use of the Judicial Process +for Readjusting City-County Boundaries. Charlottesville, +1966. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Caton, James R. +<i> +Legislative Chronicles of the City of Alexandria. +</i> +Alexandria, 1933. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Conway, Martha Bell. +<i> +The Compacts of Virginia. +</i> +Richmond, 1963. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Hall, Clayton C., ed. +<i> +Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684. +</i> +New York, 1910. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Hening, William Waller. +<i> +The Statutes at Large</i>; Being a Collection of All the +Laws of Virginia from the First Session of the Legislature +in the Year 1619. Second edition. New York, 1823. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Mayor and Citizens of Alexandria, Virginia. "Remonstrance +of … Against the Bill to Annex the city and county of +Alexandria, to the District of Columbia." Alexandria, 1865. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Moore, Gay Montague. +<i> +Seaport in Virginia</i>, George Washington's Alexandria. +Richmond, 1949. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Richardson, James D., ed. A Compilation of the +<i> +Messages and Papers of the Presidents</i>, 1789-1897. +Washington, 1896. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Robinson, M. P. +<i> +Virginia Counties</i>, Those Resulting from Virginia +Legislation. Bulletin of the Virginia State Library. +Richmond, 1916. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Shepherd, Samuel. +<i> +The Statutes at Large of Virginia +</i> +from the October Session 1792 to December Session 1806. +Richmond, 1835. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Stetson, Charles W. +<i> +Four Mile Run Land Grants. +</i> +Washington, 1935. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +United States. House of Representatives, Seventy-Fourth +Congress, 2nd Session. +<i> +House Document 374</i>; "Report of the District of +Columbia—Virginia Boundary Commission." +</p> +<p class="hang"> +——. House of Representatives, Seventy-eighth +Congress, 1st Session. +<i> +Report No. 895</i>; "Establishing a Boundary Line Between +the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Virginia." +</p> +<p class="hang"> +——. +<i> +Statutes at Large. +</i> +</p> +<p class="hang"> +Virginia. +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, as Amended. +</p> +<p class="hang"> +——. +<i> +Acts of Assembly. +</i> +</p> +<hr class="med"> +<p class="ctr"> +Footnotes +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note1"> + </a><a href="#noteref1"><span +class="label"><small>[1]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Congress, February 27, 1801 and March 3, 1801. U.S. +Stat. at Large, Vol. 2, pp. 103, 115. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note2"> + </a><a href="#noteref2"><span +class="label"><small>[2]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1920, Chapter 241. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note3"> + </a><a href="#noteref3"><span +class="label"><small>[3]</small></span> +</a> +The smallest is Kalawao County, Hawaii, and the second +smallest, Bristol County, Rhode Island. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note4"> + </a><a href="#noteref4"><span +class="label"><small>[4]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. i, p. 57. Cf. also Title 7.1, Sec. 1, +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note5"> + </a><a href="#noteref5"><span +class="label"><small>[5]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. i, p. 80. Cf. also Title 7.1, Sec. 1, +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note6"> + </a><a href="#noteref6"><span +class="label"><small>[6]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. i, p. 100. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note7"> + </a><a href="#noteref7"><span +class="label"><small>[7]</small></span> +</a> +Report of the District of Columbia-Virginia Boundary +Commission, 74th Congress, 2nd Session, +<i> +H.D. 374</i>, p. 3. Cf. also, Hall, +<i> +Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684</i>, p. 102. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note8"> + </a><a href="#noteref8"><span +class="label"><small>[8]</small></span> +</a> +Paragraph 21, Virginia Constitution of 1776. Hening, Vol. +i, p. 56. Cf. also, +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 7.1, Sec. 1. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note9"> + </a><a href="#noteref9"><span +class="label"><small>[9]</small></span> +</a> +Conway, +<i> +The Compacts of Virginia</i>, p. 8. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note10"> + </a><a href="#noteref10"><span +class="label"><small>[10]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. i, p. 352. Northumberland was first mentioned +by name in an Act (IX) of February 1645, and sent its first +representative to the Legislature for the session of +November 1645. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note11"> + </a><a href="#noteref11"><span +class="label"><small>[11]</small></span> +</a> +Act III, October 1649. Hening, Vol. i, p. 362. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note12"> + </a><a href="#noteref12"><span +class="label"><small>[12]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. i, p. 381. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note13"> + </a><a href="#noteref13"><span +class="label"><small>[13]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. ii, p. 151. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note14"> + </a><a href="#noteref14"><span +class="label"><small>[14]</small></span> +</a> +Act VIII, October 1666. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note15"> + </a><a href="#noteref15"><span +class="label"><small>[15]</small></span> +</a> +Robinson, +<i> +Virginia Counties</i>, p. 87. This court book may also be +inspected at the Stafford County Court House. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note16"> + </a><a href="#noteref16"><span +class="label"><small>[16]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. ii, p. 327. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note17"> + </a><a href="#noteref17"><span +class="label"><small>[17]</small></span> +</a> +Stetson, +<i> +Four Mile Run Land Grants</i>, p. 1. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note18"> + </a><a href="#noteref18"><span +class="label"><small>[18]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, May 1730, Chapter XVII. Hening, Vol. iv, +p. 303. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note19"> + </a><a href="#noteref19"><span +class="label"><small>[19]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, May 1742, Chapter XXVII. Hening, Vol. v, +p. 207. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note20"> + </a><a href="#noteref20"><span +class="label"><small>[20]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1785, Chapter XVII. Hening, Vol. xii, pp. +50-55. Cf. also +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 7.1, Section 7, and +Conway, +<i> +The Compacts of Virginia</i>, p. 5. The Potomac River +Fisheries Compact of 1958 (Acts of Assembly, 1962, Chapter +406; +<i> +Code of Virginia 1950</i>, Title 28.1, Sec. 203) did not +affect Arlington. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note21"> + </a><a href="#noteref21"><span +class="label"><small>[21]</small></span> +</a> +Cf. for example, Samuel Eliot Morison & Henry Steele +Commager, +<i> +The Growth of the American Republic</i>, Vol. I, p. 332. +New York, 1962. Leon H. Canfield & Howard B. Wilder, +<i> +The Making of Modern America</i>, p. 148. Boston, 1964. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note22"> + </a><a href="#noteref22"><span +class="label"><small>[22]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1789, Chapter XXXII, p. 19. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note23"> + </a><a href="#noteref23"><span +class="label"><small>[23]</small></span> +</a> +July 16, 1790. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note24"> + </a><a href="#noteref24"><span +class="label"><small>[24]</small></span> +</a> +Richardson, +<i> +Messages and Papers of the Presidents</i>, Vol. I, p. 100. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note25"> + </a><a href="#noteref25"><span +class="label"><small>[25]</small></span> +</a> +Richardson, +<i> +Messages and Papers of the Presidents</i>, Vol. I, p. 102. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note26"> + </a><a href="#noteref26"><span +class="label"><small>[26]</small></span> +</a> +Ernest A. Shuster, Jr., "Original Boundary Stones of the +District of Columbia"; +<i> +The National Geographic Magazine</i>, Vol. XX, pp. 356-359 +(April, 1909). +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note27"> + </a><a href="#noteref27"><span +class="label"><small>[27]</small></span> +</a> +It has been hinted that George Washington insisted upon +this to refute rumors that he had been influenced in his +choice of a site by motives of personal gain since he owned +land in Arlington. Cf. Moore, +<i> +Seaport in Virginia</i>, p. 39. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note28"> + </a><a href="#noteref28"><span +class="label"><small>[28]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1845-47, p. 50. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note29"> + </a><a href="#noteref29"><span +class="label"><small>[29]</small></span> +</a> +Quoted in "Remonstrance of the Mayor and Citizens of +Alexandria...." +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note30"> + </a><a href="#noteref30"><span +class="label"><small>[30]</small></span> +</a> +Although the "Remonstrance" cited above states that the +vote was held on August 17, 1846, the presidential +proclamation putting the transfer into effect declares the +poll to have been taken +<i> +viva voce +</i> +at the Court House on September 1 and 2. The August date is +given in the proclamation as that on which five +commissioners were appointed by the President and directed +to take the poll. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note31"> + </a><a href="#noteref31"><span +class="label"><small>[31]</small></span> +</a> +Richardson, +<i> +Messages and Papers of the Presidents</i>, Vol. IV, p. 470. +The legality of the retrocession was unsuccessfully +challenged in 1875. Cf. +<i> +Phillips +</i> +v. +<i> +Payne</i>, U.S. Reports, S.C. Otto 2, p. 130. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note32"> + </a><a href="#noteref32"><span +class="label"><small>[32]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1846-47, Chapter 53. Cf. also, +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 7.1, Sec. 9. For a full +account of the actions on the part of both the United +States and Virginia in connection with this retrocession, +cf. Harrison Mann, "Chronology of Action on the Part of the +United States to Complete Retrocession of Alexandria County +(Arlington County) to Virginia," +<i> +The Arlington Historical Magazine</i>, Vol. 1, No. 1 +(1957), pp. 15-23; and "Chronology of Action on the Part of +the State of Virginia to Complete Retrocession of +Alexandria County (Arlington County) to Virginia" +<i> +Ibid.</i>, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1958), pp. 43-51. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note33"> + </a><a href="#noteref33"><span +class="label"><small>[33]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. vi, p. 214. Cited by title as "An Act for +erecting a town at Hunting Creek warehouse, in the county +of Fairfax." The text of the Act is given in the +<i> +Journal of the House of Burgesses</i>, and quoted in Caton, +<i> +Legislative Chronicles of the City of Alexandria</i>, p. 7. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note34"> + </a><a href="#noteref34"><span +class="label"><small>[34]</small></span> +</a> +In the Library of Congress. Reproduced in Moore, +<i> +Seaport in Virginia</i>, pp. 10-11. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note35"> + </a><a href="#noteref35"><span +class="label"><small>[35]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. vii, p. 604. Acts of Assembly, November 1762, +Chapter XXV. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note36"> + </a><a href="#noteref36"><span +class="label"><small>[36]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. x, p. 172. "An Act for incorporating the town +of Alexandria in the County of Fairfax." +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note37"> + </a><a href="#noteref37"><span +class="label"><small>[37]</small></span> +</a> +Hening, Vol. x, p. 192. Acts of Assembly, 1779, Chapter +XXXI: "An Act to confirm certain sales and leases by the +trustees of the town of Alexandria and to enlarge said +town...." +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note38"> + </a><a href="#noteref38"><span +class="label"><small>[38]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, October 1785, Chapter XCI. Hening, Vol. +xii, p. 205. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note39"> + </a><a href="#noteref39"><span +class="label"><small>[39]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, October 1786, Chapter LXXIII. Hening, +Vol. xii, p. 362. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note40"> + </a><a href="#noteref40"><span +class="label"><small>[40]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, November 1796, Chapter 32. Shepherd, Vol. +ii, p. 41. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note41"> + </a><a href="#noteref41"><span +class="label"><small>[41]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, December 1797, Chapter 60. Shepherd, Vol. +ii, p. 122. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note42"> + </a><a href="#noteref42"><span +class="label"><small>[42]</small></span> +</a> +U.S. +<i> +Stat. at Large</i>, Vol. 2, p. 255. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note43"> + </a><a href="#noteref43"><span +class="label"><small>[43]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1852, Chapter 358, p. 241. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note44"> + </a><a href="#noteref44"><span +class="label"><small>[44]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1853, Chapter 484. Adopted February 18, +1853. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note45"> + </a><a href="#noteref45"><span +class="label"><small>[45]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1858, Chapter 270. Enacted April 2, 1858. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note46"> + </a><a href="#noteref46"><span +class="label"><small>[46]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly 1865/66, Chapter IX. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note47"> + </a><a href="#noteref47"><span +class="label"><small>[47]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly 1866/67, Chapter 152. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note48"> + </a><a href="#noteref48"><span +class="label"><small>[48]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly 1871, Chapter 73. The frequent and rapid +changes in this boundary appear to have been related to the +complexion of the electorate in the affected area and the +varying political sentiments of the immediate post Civil +War and Reconstruction periods. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note49"> + </a><a href="#noteref49"><span +class="label"><small>[49]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1869-70, Chapter 39. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note50"> + </a><a href="#noteref50"><span +class="label"><small>[50]</small></span> +</a> +Alexandria County, +<i> +Deed Book 146</i>, p. 387. See Appendix. Cf. also, C. B. +Rose, Jr., "Annexation of a Portion of Arlington County by +the City of Alexandria in 1915," +<i> +The Arlington Historical Magazine</i>, pp. 22-36, Vol. 2, +No. 4 (1964). For a discussion of the judicial process of +annexation, cf. Bain, +<i> +Annexation in Virginia</i>. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note51"> + </a><a href="#noteref51"><span +class="label"><small>[51]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1920, Chapter 241. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note52"> + </a><a href="#noteref52"><span +class="label"><small>[52]</small></span> +</a> +Arlington County, +<i> +Common Law Order Book 12</i>, p. 293. Also, +<i> +Deed Book 306</i>, p. 300. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note53"> + </a><a href="#noteref53"><span +class="label"><small>[53]</small></span> +</a> +See Appendix. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note54"> + </a><a href="#noteref54"><span +class="label"><small>[54]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1930, Chapter 167; Cf. also, +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 15.1, Sec. 692. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note55"> + </a><a href="#noteref55"><span +class="label"><small>[55]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1938, Chapter 22; Cf. also, +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 15.1, Sec. 1056. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note56"> + </a><a href="#noteref56"><span +class="label"><small>[56]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1962, Chapter 314. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note57"> + </a><a href="#noteref57"><span +class="label"><small>[57]</small></span> +</a> +Arlington County Board Minute Book XXI, p. 54. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note58"> + </a><a href="#noteref58"><span +class="label"><small>[58]</small></span> +</a> +Alexandria +<i> +Deed Book</i>, 641, p. 188 (December 21, 1965); Arlington +<i> +Deed Book</i>, 1609, p. 453 (December 23, 1965); Arlington +<i> +Common Law Order Book +</i> +85, p. 197. For the description of the new boundary, see +Appendix. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note59"> + </a><a href="#noteref59"><span +class="label"><small>[59]</small></span> +</a> +<i> +Washington Airport +</i> +vs. +<i> +Smoot Sand and Gravel Corp</i>., 283 U.S. 348. Cf. also, +<i> +Marine Railroad and Coal Co</i>. v. +<i> +U.S.</i>, 257 U.S. 47. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note60"> + </a><a href="#noteref60"><span +class="label"><small>[60]</small></span> +</a> +This indefinite boundary line "lies in many places some +distance from the Potomac River." +<i> +Report No. 895</i>, H.R., 78th Congress, 1st Session. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note61"> + </a><a href="#noteref61"><span +class="label"><small>[61]</small></span> +</a> +48 U.S. Stat. 453; Virginia Acts of Assembly, 1932, p. 485. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note62"> + </a><a href="#noteref62"><span +class="label"><small>[62]</small></span> +</a> +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 7.1, Sec. 7. This +Commission dealt only with the boundary below Jones Point +but chose +<i> +low water mark +</i> +as the line. The pertinent words of the agreement (ratified +by Virginia in 1878) are: "The low water mark on the +Potomac to which Virginia has a right in the soil, is to be +measured … from low-water mark at one headland to low +water at another, without following indentations, bays, +creeks, inlets, or affluent rivers. Virginia is entitled +not only to full dominion over the soil to low water mark +on the south shore of the Potomac, but has a right to such +use of the river...." Interpretation of this agreement took +many years and it was 1930 before the line actually was +surveyed and monumented. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note63"> + </a><a href="#noteref63"><span +class="label"><small>[63]</small></span> +</a> +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 7.1, Sec. 7. Cf. also +page 9 above. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note64"> + </a><a href="#noteref64"><span +class="label"><small>[64]</small></span> +</a> +Report of District of Columbia—Virginia Boundary +Commission, 74th Congress, 2nd Session, +<i> +House Document +</i> +374. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note65"> + </a><a href="#noteref65"><span +class="label"><small>[65]</small></span> +</a> +76th Congress, 3rd Session, H.R. 9976; S. 4114. 77th +Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 1045; H.R. 5073. 78th Congress, +1st Session, S. 19; H.R. 746; H.R. 3664. The Arlington +County Board endorsed H.R. 9976; cf. Minute Book V, p. 423 +and VII, p. 500. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note66"> + </a><a href="#noteref66"><span +class="label"><small>[66]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1942, Chapter 267. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note67"> + </a><a href="#noteref67"><span +class="label"><small>[67]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly, 1946, Chapter 26. +<i> +Code of Virginia, 1950</i>, Title 7.1, Sec. 10. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note68"> + </a><a href="#noteref68"><span +class="label"><small>[68]</small></span> +</a> +Unpublished Report dated March 27, 1947, from Lt. Comdr. +Roswell C. Bolstad, Chief of Party, on Project G-815, Coast +and Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note69"> + </a><a href="#noteref69"><span +class="label"><small>[69]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly 1874/75, Chapter 316. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note70"> + </a><a href="#noteref70"><span +class="label"><small>[70]</small></span> +</a> +Arlington County, +<i> +Common Law Order Book 16</i>, p. 235 and p. 309. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note71"> + </a><a href="#noteref71"><span +class="label"><small>[71]</small></span> +</a> +Arlington County, +<i> +Common Law Order Book 17</i>, p. 130 and p. 138. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note72"> + </a><a href="#noteref72"><span +class="label"><small>[72]</small></span> +</a> +Acts of Assembly 1908, Chapter 273. +</p> +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="note73"> + </a><a href="#noteref73"><span +class="label"><small>[73]</small></span> +</a> +<i> +Bennett +</i> +v. +<i> +Garrett</i>, 112 S.E. 772, decided June 15, 1922. +</p> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of the Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia, by Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON COUNTY *** + +***** This file should be named 36902-h.htm or 36902-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/9/0/36902/ + +Produced by Mark C. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A History of the Boundaries of Arlington County, Virginia + +Author: Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +Release Date: July 30, 2011 [EBook #36902] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON COUNTY *** + + + + +Produced by Mark C. Orton and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +A HISTORY _of_ + +THE BOUNDARIES _of_ + +ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA + + + +Office of the County Manager +Arlington, Virginia +1967 + + + [Illustration: THE BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON + 1791 1801 1846 + 1870 1875 1915 1929 1936 1946 1966] + + + + +FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION + + +This collection of documentary references to the boundaries of +Arlington County was first published in 1957. This new edition +contains revisions made in the light of fuller knowledge, and brings +the story up-to-date by taking account of the change in the common +boundary with the City of Alexandria which went into effect on January +1, 1966. + +This pamphlet can serve as a guide for those who need to know what +jurisdiction covered this area at any particular time. It provides +information for the student as well as the title searcher--in fact, +for anyone interested in the history of what is now Arlington County. + +[Illustration: Signature of Bert W. Johnson] + +Bert W. Johnson +County Manager + + + + +A History of +The Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia + + + + +TABLE OF CONTENTS + + + Page + +Introduction--Arlington County Today 1 + +1608-1789 2 + The Charters of James I to the Virginia Company + Charles I Charter to Lord Baltimore + The Counties of the Northern Neck of Virginia + +1789-1847 3 + Into the District of Columbia: + Cession of 1789 + Location of the Federal District + Out of the District: + Acts of 1846 + In Virginia Once More, 1847 + +ARLINGTON'S BOUNDARY WITH THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA 14 + Establishment of Alexandria as a Town + Territorial Accretions of Alexandria to 1870 + County-City Separation, 1870 + Annexations by Alexandria from Arlington, 1915 and 1929 + Readjustment of Boundaries, 1966 + +ARLINGTON'S BOUNDARY WITH THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 24 + Boundary of Commission of 1935 + Acts of 1945 and 1946 + +POSTSCRIPTS--TOWNS IN ARLINGTON COUNTY 27 + The Town of Falls Church + The Town of Potomac + No More Towns + +Appendix. + +Bibliography. + + + + +A History of +The Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia + + +It is one of those paradoxes so characteristic of Arlington that the +area composing the County did not exist as a separate entity until it +was ceded by Virginia to form part of the District of Columbia. The +Act by which the Congress of the United States took jurisdiction over +this area directed that that portion of the District which had been +ceded by Virginia was to be known as the county of Alexandria.[1] (It +was not until 1920 that it received the name of Arlington.)[2] + + [1] Acts of Congress, February 27, 1801 and March 3, 1801. U.S. + Stat. at Large, Vol. 2, pp. 103, 115. + + [2] Acts of Assembly, 1920, Chapter 241. + +The present boundaries of Arlington may be described as: Beginning at +the intersection of Four Mile Run with the west shore line of the +Potomac River, westwardly, in general along the line of Four Mile Run, +without regard to its meanders, intersecting the south right-of-way +line of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad, then 1,858.44 feet +to where the center line of Shirlington Road intersects the said south +right-of-way line; thence south and slightly east to the center line +of Quaker Lane, then following the center line of Quaker Lane to a +point short of Osage Street in Alexandria where it moves to the north +line of Quaker Lane; thence to the east right-of-way line of Leesburg +Pike (King Street); thence with this line to the east side of 30th +Street, South, in Arlington, northeast on 30th Street, South, to the +circle; around said circle to the north side of South Columbus Street, +along this line to 28th Street, South, returning for a short distance +to Leesburg Pike, jogging east and north to 25th Street, South, and +then back to Leesburg Pike; thence along the Pike to the common +boundary of Alexandria and Fairfax; thence northeast along the former +Alexandria-Fairfax boundary until it intersects the original boundary +between Arlington and Fairfax; thence due northwest to a stone and +large oak tree approximately 200 feet west of Meridian Avenue (North +Arizona Street); thence due northeast to the shore of the Potomac; +thence along the mean high water mark of the shore of the Potomac +River, back to the point of beginning. This line encloses roughly +16,520 acres, or approximately 25.7 square miles, thus making +Arlington the third smallest county in the United States in respect to +area.[3] + + [3] The smallest is Kalawao County, Hawaii, and the second + smallest, Bristol County, Rhode Island. + +The boundaries of this area have been changed many times since it was +first sighted by Captain John Smith on his voyage up the Potomac in +1608--the year which can be said to mark the beginning of Arlington's +history. + + +_1608-1789_ + +The circumstances which placed Arlington in Virginia began to take +shape even earlier than 1608. The two companies organized to colonize +Virginia were granted their first charter by James I of England on +April 10, 1606.[4] This was styled "Letters Patent to Sir Thomas +Gates, Sir George Somers, and others, for two several Colonies and +Plantations, to be made in Virginia, and other parts and Territories +of America." The patentees were authorized "... to make habitation, +plantation, and to deduce a colony of sundry of our people into that +part of America, commonly called Virginia ..." between 34 deg. north +latitude and 45 deg. north and within 100 miles of the coast. Within this +area the spheres of operation of the two companies (which came to be +known as the London and Plymouth Companies because their principal +backers hailed from one or the other of these English towns) were +delineated. To the former was given the right to plant a colony within +the area from north latitude 34 deg. to 41 deg., and to the latter within the +area from 38 deg. to 45 deg. inclusive. The overlapping area from 38 deg. to 41 deg. +was open to settlement by either company, though neither might +establish a settlement within 100 miles of territory occupied by the +other. The actual jurisdiction of each company was limited to 50 miles +in each direction from the first seat of plantation. This last +restriction was not carried over into the second charter. (Map I.) + + [4] Hening, Vol. i, p. 57. Cf. also Title 7.1, Sec. 1, _Code + of Virginia, 1950_. + + [Illustration: MAP I + Bounds Set by First Two Charters of the Virginia Company + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +Although the Plymouth Company sent out ships in the spring of 1607, +the settlement attempted by them on the coast of Maine was abandoned +the following year. The first settlement which was to prove permanent +was made by the London Company whose ships, sailing from London in +December 1606, reached the mouth of the James River in Virginia in +April 1607. The founding of "James Cittie" provided a point of +reference for the second charter of the London Company (which came to +be known as the Virginia Company). This charter,[5] granted in 1609, +gave it jurisdiction over + + "all those lands, countries, and territories, situate, lying, and + being, in that part of America called Virginia, from the point of + land, called Cape or Point Comfort, all along the sea coast, to + the northward 200 miles, and from the said Point or Cape Comfort, + all along the sea coast to the southward 200 miles, and all that + space and circuit of land, lying from the sea coast of the + precinct aforesaid, up into the land, throughout from sea to sea, + west and northwest; and also all the islands lying within one + hundred miles, along the coast of both seas of the precinct + aforesaid;..." + + [5] Hening, Vol. i, p. 80. Cf. also Title 7.1, Sec. 1, _Code + of Virginia, 1950_. + +This grant reflects the view of the best geographers of the day that +the Pacific Ocean lapped the western side of the as yet unexplored and +unnamed Appalachian Mountains. + +The third charter of the Virginia Company,[6] granted in 1612, +extended the eastern boundaries of the colony to cover "... all and +singular those Islands whatsoever, situate and being in any part of +the ocean seas bordering upon the coast of our said first colony in +Virginia, and being within three hundred leagues of any the parts +heretofore granted ..." This was done to include Bermuda which had +been discovered in the meantime. The charter of the Virginia Company +was annulled in 1624 by King James I, and its lands became a Crown +Colony. By this time, however, the Virginia settlements were firmly +established on and nearby the James River, and the Potomac River to +the falls was well known to traders with the Indians. + + [6] Hening, Vol. i, p. 100. + +The first limitation upon the extent of the "Kingdom of Virginia," as +it was referred to by King Charles I, who succeeded his father in +1625, came with the grant to Lord Baltimore of a proprietorship over +what became Maryland. This patent was granted in 1632; the first +settlers reached what became St. Mary's on the Potomac in 1634. That +part of the grant which is pertinent to the boundaries of Arlington +reads: + + "Going from the said estuary called Delaware Bay in a right line + in the degree aforesaid to the true meridian of the first fountain + of the river Potomac, then tending downward towards the south to + the farther bank of the said river and following it to where it + faces the western and southern coasts as far as to a certain place + called Cinquack situate near the mouth of the same river where it + discharges itself in the aforenamed bay of Chesapeake and thence + by the shortest line as far as the aforesaid promontory or place + called Watkins Point."[7] + + [7] Report of the District of Columbia-Virginia Boundary + Commission, 74th Congress, 2nd Session, _H.D. 374_, p. 3. + Cf. also, Hall, _Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684_, + p. 102. + +The most significant words of this grant, from the point of view of +Arlington, are "the farther banks of the said river." They explain why +the boundary between Arlington and the District of Columbia runs along +the Virginia shore of the river and not in midstream, and why +Roosevelt Island, which lies nearer Arlington than to the District, is +not a part of Arlington. The Constitution of Virginia adopted in 1776 +acknowledges this grant: + + "The territory contained within the charters erecting the colonies + of Maryland ... are hereby ceded, released, and forever confirmed + to the people of those colonies ..."[8] + + [8] Paragraph 21, Virginia Constitution of 1776. Hening, Vol. + i, p. 56. Cf. also, _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. + 1. + +Although at the time Charles I gave this grant to Lord Baltimore +Virginia was a Crown Colony and thus it could not be contended that he +was giving away lands he had no power to cede since they already had +been given to others, the Maryland-Virginia boundary became a subject +of controversy as soon as the first Maryland settlers arrived, and has +continued so until almost the present time. Indeed, one might say that +the ghost has been laid only temporarily since echoes of the dispute +appear in today's newspapers: "Maryland and Virginia Start New Round +in Oyster War"--"Pentagon Area a No Man's Land." These headlines +derive in a direct line from the grant of King Charles I to Calvert, +Lord Baltimore, in 1632.[9] + + [9] Conway, _The Compacts of Virginia_, p. 8. + +To leave, for a time, the Potomac boundary of Arlington, let us turn +to the narrowing of the boundaries of the landward side of the County. +In the development of governmental administration, counties began to +be created in Virginia in mid-17th Century. The area which became +Arlington was successively in Northumberland, Westmoreland, Stafford, +Prince William, and finally, Fairfax counties. (Map II.) Consequently, +the history of land tenure and legislation for Arlington must be +sought in the records of these counties for the relevant period. + + [Illustration: MAP II + Development of Northern Neck Counties + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +Northumberland County was definitely created in 1648 by an Act of the +General Assembly[10] which provided + + "that the said tract of land ['Chickcoun and other parts of the + Neck of land between Rappahonock River and Potomack River'] be + hereafter called and knowne by the name of the county of + Northumberland...." + + [10] Hening, Vol. i, p. 352. Northumberland was first mentioned + by name in an Act (IX) of February 1645, and sent its first + representative to the Legislature for the session of November + 1645. + +and was given power to elect Burgesses. A later Act[11] declared: + + "_It is enacted_, That the inhabitants which are or shall be + seated on the south side of the Petomecke River shall be included + and are hereafter to be accompted within the county of + Northumberland." + + [11] Act III, October 1649. Hening, Vol. i, p. 362. + +Settlement was pushing north, however, and in July 1653, Westmoreland +was carved out of the then existing Northumberland. It was decreed: + + "ordered by this present Grand Assembly that the bounds of the + county of Westmorland be as followeth (vizt.) from Machoactoke + river where Mr. Cole lives: And so upwards to the falls of the + great river of Pawtomake above the Necostins Towne."[12] + + [12] Hening, Vol. i, p. 381. + +Conditions on the frontier, however, made it necessary in 1662 to +unite Westmoreland and Northumberland counties for administrative +purposes "until otherwise ordered by the governor."[13] There is no +record of the date of his later decision to separate the two counties +but he must have done so. + + [13] Hening, Vol. ii, p. 151. + +Similarly, there is no definite record of the establishment of +Stafford County. The first legislative reference to Stafford is in an +Act[14] exempting the inhabitants of Stafford because of the "newnesse +of its ground" from a general requirement laid upon counties to employ +a weaver and set up a public loom. In this year of 1666 Stafford sent +a delegate to the General Assembly. The County, however, must have +been in existence earlier since there is a record of the Stafford +County Court Book which on page one relates to a meeting of the Court +for the County on May 27, 1664.[15] The boundaries of the County are +nowhere set forth at this early date, but that they encompassed the +Arlington area is clear from a direction of the Legislature in 1676 +that a fort be established "on Potomack river at or near John Mathews +in the county of Stafford."[16] John Mathews' land was on the lower +side of Great Hunting Creek[17] but there would have been no reason at +that time to erect a separate county to the north. + + [14] Act VIII, October 1666. + + [15] Robinson, _Virginia Counties_, p. 87. This court book + may also be inspected at the Stafford County Court House. + + [16] Hening, Vol. ii, p. 327. + + [17] Stetson, _Four Mile Run Land Grants_, p. 1. + +There were no further changes affecting the county within which +Arlington lay until 1730 when Prince William County was formed. An Act +of the General Assembly declared that after March 25, 1731, + + "all the land, on the heads of the said counties [Stafford and + King George] above the Chopawansick Creek, on Patomack river, and + Deep run, on Rappahannock river and a southward line to be made + from the head of the north branch of the said creek to the head of + the said Deep run, be divided and exempt from said counties ... + and be made a distinct county, and shall be called and known by + the name of Prince William County."[18] + + [18] Acts of Assembly, May 1730, Chapter XVII. Hening, Vol. iv, + p. 303. + +It was not many years until Fairfax County came into being: + + "... from and immediately after the first day of December now next + ensuing, the said county of Prince William be divided into two + counties: That is to say, all that part thereof, lying on the + south side of Occoquan, and Bull Run; and from the head of the + main branch of Bull Run, by a straight course to the Thoroughfare + of the Blue Ridge of mountains, known by the name of Ashby's Gap + or Bent, shall be one distinct county, and retain the name of + Prince William County: And be one distinct parish, and retain the + name of Hamilton parish. And all that other part thereof, + consisting of the parish of Truro, shall be one other distinct + county, and called and known by the name of Fairfax county...."[19] + + [19] Acts of Assembly, May 1742, Chapter XXVII. Hening, Vol. v, + p. 207. + +Thus from December 1742 until the District of Columbia was formally +organized by Act of Congress (February 27, 1801) what is now Arlington +was part of Fairfax County. + + +_1789-1847_ + +Maryland and Virginia had agreed to meet in 1785 to discuss the +controversy over the navigation of the Potomac and their joint +boundary. The Commissioners who took part in this meeting did more +than draw up a compact subsequently ratified by their respective +States. From this meeting eventually came the call for the convention +which resulted in the Constitution of the United States and the +decision to set aside a tract of land ten miles square for the seat of +the Federal Government. + +The Maryland-Virginia compact on the Potomac was signed on March 28, +1785, and confirmed by the General Assembly of Virginia in 1786.[20] +Although it was designed primarily to settle navigation and fishing +rights, its seventh section provided: "The citizens of each State, +respectively, shall have full property rights in the shores of +Patowmack river adjoining their land...." This has been interpreted to +mean property rights to low water mark. The dispute over this point +became of significance in the 20th Century with the construction of +the National Airport and the Pentagon Building. + + [20] Acts of Assembly, 1785, Chapter XVII. Hening, Vol. xii, + pp. 50-55. Cf. also _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, + Section 7, and Conway, _The Compacts of Virginia_, p. 5. The + Potomac River Fisheries Compact of 1958 (Acts of Assembly, + 1962, Chapter 406; _Code of Virginia 1950_, Title 28.1, Sec. + 203) did not affect Arlington. + +Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of the United States gives +the Congress power to accept a territory not exceeding ten miles +square to be set aside as the seat of the Federal Government. The +story of the compromise which led to the selection of a site on the +Potomac is told in all the history books.[21] These, however, rarely +give the details of how the exact area which became the District of +Columbia came to be chosen. + + [21] Cf. for example, Samuel Eliot Morison & Henry Steele + Commager, _The Growth of the American Republic_, Vol. I, + p. 332. New York, 1962. Leon H. Canfield & Howard B. Wilder, + _The Making of Modern America_, p. 148. Boston, 1964. + +In 1789, the Virginia legislature adopted an Act[22] offering to cede +"ten miles square, or any lesser Quantity of Territory within the +State" to the United States for the permanent seat of the general +government. Section I of this Act recited the motive: "Whereas the +equal and common benefits resulting from the administration of the +general government will be best diffused, and its operation become +more prompt and certain, by establishing such a situation for the seat +of the said government, as will be most central and convenient to the +citizens of the United States at large, having regard as well to +population, extent of territory, and a free navigation to the Atlantic +Ocean, through the Chesapeake bay, as to the most direct and ready +communication with our fellow citizens in the western frontier; and +whereas it appears to this Assembly that a situation combining all +considerations and advantages before recited, may be had on the banks +of the river Patowmack, above tide water, in a country rich and +fertile in soil, healthy and salubrious in climate, and abounding in +all the necessaries and conveniences of life, where in a location of +ten miles square, if the wisdom of Congress shall so direct, the +States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia may participate in such +location." + + [22] Acts of Assembly, 1789, Chapter XXXII, p. 19. + +It is clear from the inclusion of Pennsylvania as one of the +participating States, and the reference to "above tide water" that the +Virginia legislators of those days had in mind a tract somewhat higher +up the river than that which was eventually chosen. Indeed, the first +Act of Congress[23] dealing with this subject set the limits within +which the Federal District was to be established "on the river +Potomac, at some place between the mouths of the Eastern Branch and +Connogochegue" (a tributary of the Potomac some 20 miles south of the +Pennsylvania State line) and authorized the President to appoint three +commissioners to survey and "by proper metes and bounds" define and +limit the district to be accepted by the Congress. + + [23] July 16, 1790. + +By a proclamation of January 24, 1791,[24] President Washington +directed that a survey should be made. + + [24] Richardson, _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_, + Vol. I, p. 100. + + "... after duly examining and weighing the advantages and + disadvantages of the several situations within the limits + aforesaid, I do hereby declare and make known that the location of + one part of the said district of 10 miles square shall be found by + running four lines of experiment in the following manner, that is + to say: Running from the court-house of Alexandria, in Virginia, + due southwest half a mile, and thence a due southeast course till + it shall strike Hunting Creek, to fix the beginning of the said + four lines of experiment. + + "Then beginning the first of the said four lines of experiment at + the point on Hunting Creek where the said southeast course shall + have struck the same, and running to the said first line due + northwest 10 miles; thence the second line into Maryland due + northeast 10 miles; thence the third line due southeast 10 miles, + and thence the fourth line due southwest 10 miles to the beginning + on Hunting Creek." + +Since the tract thus specified did not lie within the limits set by +the Act of July 1790, the Congress was asked to authorize the moving +of the southern boundary point of the "ten miles square" farther south +to include the Eastern Branch and the town of Alexandria. Accordingly, +the Act of July 16, 1790, was amended by an Act approved March 3, +1791: + + "... it shall be lawful for the President to make any part of the + territory below the said limit [the confluence of the Eastern + Branch with the Potomac] and above the mouth of Hunting Creek, a + part of said district, so as to include a convenient part of the + Eastern Branch, and of the lands lying on the lower side thereof + and also the town of Alexandria...." + +No time was lost in establishing definite boundaries for the new +district, and on March 30, 1791, President Washington issued a +proclamation declaring + + "that the whole of the said territory shall be located and + included within the four lines following, that is to say: + + "Beginning at Jones's Point, being the upper cape of Hunting + Creek, in Virginia, and at an angle in the outset of 45 degrees + west of the north, and running in a direct line 10 miles for the + first line; then beginning again at the same Jones's Point and + running another direct line at a right angle with the first across + the Potomac 10 miles for the second line; then from the + termination of the said first and second lines running two other + direct lines of 10 miles each, the one crossing the Eastern Branch + aforesaid and the other the Potomac, and meeting each other in a + point. + + "... and the territory so to be located, defined, and limited + shall be the whole territory accepted by the said acts of Congress + as the district for the permanent seat of the Government of the + United States."[25] + + [25] Richardson, _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_, Vol. + I, p. 102. + +The cornerstone was set at Jones Point, on the bank of the Potomac +below Alexandria, on April 15, 1791. Many of the original stones, set +at intervals of one mile along the boundary, are still in place though +badly showing the effects of time.[26] The stone referred to +earlier--at the northwest corner of present Arlington County--is +chipped and almost overgrown by the great oak tree near which it was +placed. A small tract surround this stone has been set aside as a +public park, jointly owned by the City of Falls Church and the +counties of Arlington and Fairfax. + + [26] Ernest A. Shuster, Jr., "Original Boundary Stones of the + District of Columbia"; _The National Geographic Magazine_, + Vol. XX, pp. 356-359 (April, 1909). + +It is interesting that the Acts of Congress setting up the District of +Columbia should have specified that no public buildings were to be +erected on the Virginia side of the Potomac.[27] The Act of 1790 +empowered the commissioners to buy or accept the gift of land for the +site of public buildings only on the eastern side of the Potomac. The +Act of 1791 made this limitation more explicit: + + "... nothing herein contained, shall authorize the erection of + public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the river + Potomac." + + [27] It has been hinted that George Washington insisted upon + this to refute rumors that he had been influenced in his choice + of a site by motives of personal gain since he owned land in + Arlington. Cf. Moore, _Seaport in Virginia_, p. 39. + +It is curious that this should have been so since the General Assembly +of Virginia in 1789 followed its Act ceding territory for the +formation of a Federal District by a joint resolution promising to +appropriate not less than $120,000 (a considerable sum in those days) +for public buildings in this territory if Maryland would put up an +amount not less than three-fifths as much. The fact that there were no +Federal office buildings on the Virginia side of the Potomac was used +as an argument for the retrocession of this area in mid-19th Century. + +The compromise which had resulted in the selection of the Potomac as +the site of the Federal District included an agreement that the seat +of the Government should be in Philadelphia for a period of ten years. +Accordingly, it was not until 1800 that the Congress and Government +offices were moved to the City of Washington in the District of +Columbia. + +Almost from the beginning there was dissatisfaction among the +inhabitants of Alexandria County at being part of the District of +Columbia. This sentiment crystallized in 1846 when the General +Assembly adopted an Act[28] expressing the willingness of Virginia to +accept the territory should the Congress re-cede it. A petition was +presented to the Congress by the residents requesting that this be +done. The petition was referred to the Committee on the District which +reported: + + "The experience of more than forty years seems to have + demonstrated that the cession of the county and town of Alexandria + was unnecessary for any of the purposes of a seat of government, + mischievous to the interests of the State at large, and especially + injurious to the people of that portion which was ceded by + Virginia."[29] + + [28] Acts of Assembly, 1845-47, p. 50. + + [29] Quoted in "Remonstrance of the Mayor and Citizens of + Alexandria...." + +Accordingly, a bill was introduced to turn back to Virginia the +area ceded by it in 1789. After considerable debate as to its +constitutionality, the bill was enacted on July 9, 1846. It stipulated +that the retrocession should be contingent upon a referendum among the +people of the area in question. The referendum was held[30] and the vote +was 763 for and 222 against retrocession. + + [30] Although the "Remonstrance" cited above states that the + vote was held on August 17, 1846, the presidential proclamation + putting the transfer into effect declares the poll to have been + taken _viva voce_ at the Court House on September 1 and 2. + The August date is given in the proclamation as that on which + five commissioners were appointed by the President and directed + to take the poll. + +On September 7, 1846, President Polk announced the results of the +referendum and called "upon all and singular the persons whom it doth +or may concern to take notice that the act aforesaid [of July 9, 1846] +'is in full force and effect.'"[31] It was not until the next year, +however, that Virginia got around to extending its jurisdiction over +the "county of Alexandria." On March 13, 1847, "An Act to extend the +jurisdiction of the Commonwealth of Virginia over the county of +Alexandria" was passed. It stated: + + "... The territory comprising the county of Alexandria in the + District of Columbia heretofore ceded by this Commonwealth to the + United States and by an Act of Congress of July 9, 1846, retroceded + to Virginia and by it accepted shall be an integral portion of the + Commonwealth." + + [31] Richardson, _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_, Vol. + IV, p. 470. The legality of the retrocession was unsuccessfully + challenged in 1875. Cf. _Phillips_ v. _Payne_, U.S. Reports, + S.C. Otto 2, p. 130. + +The Act provided that after March 20, 1847, the laws of Virginia were +to be in force in this territory, and went on: + + "That the territory so retroceded and accepted, comprising the + county of Alexandria, shall constitute a new county, retaining the + name of the county of Alexandria, the court-house whereof shall be + in the Town of Alexandria where the courts now sit...."[32] + + [32] Acts of Assembly, 1846-47, Chapter 53. Cf. also, _Code of + Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 9. For a full account of the + actions on the part of both the United States and Virginia in + connection with this retrocession, cf. Harrison Mann, + "Chronology of Action on the Part of the United States to + Complete Retrocession of Alexandria County (Arlington County) + to Virginia," _The Arlington Historical Magazine_, Vol. 1, No. + 1 (1957), pp. 15-23; and "Chronology of Action on the Part of + the State of Virginia to Complete Retrocession of Alexandria + County (Arlington County) to Virginia" _Ibid._, Vol. 1, No. 2 + (1958), pp. 43-51. + +Tentative efforts have been made from time to time to re-annex this +area to the District of Columbia. It was on one such occasion, in 1865, +that a "Remonstrance of the Mayor and Citizens of Alexandria against +the Bill to annex the city and county of Alexandria to the District of +Columbia" concluded that "Annexation to the District at this time is +repugnant to the feelings and wishes and would be ruinous to the +interests of the people of Alexandria." + + +_Arlington's Boundary with the City of Alexandria_ + +Until 1870, Alexandria, first as a Town and, after 1852 as a City, was +geographically part of the County of Alexandria. However, its +boundaries must be considered from the beginning because all Acts +extending the area of the Town were made in reference to the +pre-existing limits. It is impossible to comprehend the effect of any +given change without tracing the boundaries back to--or forward +from--the beginning. (Map III.) + + [Illustration: MAP III + Boundaries of the Town and City of Alexandria 1749 to 1915 + Drafted by W.B. Allison and B. Sims] + +In 1748, a charter was issued to a group of trustees to establish a +Town + + "covering 60 acres of land, parcel of the lands of Philip + Alexander, John Alexander, and Hugh West, situate, lying and being + on the south side of Potomac River about the mouth of Great Hunting + Creek and in the county of Fairfax ... beginning at the mouth of + the first branch above the warehouse, and extending down the + meanders of the said River Potomac to a point called Middle Point, + and thence down the said river ten poles; and from thence by a line + parallel to the dividing line between John Alexander's land and + Philip Alexander, and back into the woods for the quantity + aforesaid."[33] + + [33] Hening, Vol. vi, p. 214. Cited by title as "An Act for + erecting a town at Hunting Creek warehouse, in the county of + Fairfax." The text of the Act is given in the _Journal of the + House of Burgesses_, and quoted in Caton, _Legislative + Chronicles of the City of Alexandria_, p. 7. + +The land was surveyed and lots sold by auction in July 1749. A map with +a notation of the purchasers was made by George Washington,[34] at that +time a boy of seventeen. On the north, the lots lay along the north +side of Oronoco Street, one block below Water Street (later Lee; at +that time it was interrupted between Queen and King Streets by the +shore line of the River), and on the south, lots were laid off on the +south side of Duke Street. The Potomac with its bend between Oronoco +and the south side of Prince Street, formed the eastern boundary, while +the western was a line of lots on the west side of Royal Street. There +were 84 lots in all, four to a block for the most part except for the +northwest portion where a stream, rising on Pitt Street between Cameron +and Queen, drained into the Potomac north of Oronoco Street. This is +the "first branch above the warehouse" referred to in the charter. + + [34] In the Library of Congress. Reproduced in Moore, + _Seaport in Virginia_, pp. 10-11. + +The first increment came in 1762 when the General Assembly passed "An +Act for enlarging the town of Alexandria in the county of Fairfax."[35] +On the ground that all of the lots included within the bounds of the +town had been built on except for some lying in low wet marsh, this Act +included in Alexandria the + + "... lands of Baldwin Dade, Sibel West, John Alexander the elder + and John Alexander the younger which lie contiguous to the said + town ... beginning at the corner of the lot denoted in the plan of + said town by the figures 77 [at the south side of Duke St., three + lots from its intersection with Water (Lee) Street] on the said + river Potowmack, at the lower end of the said town, and to extend + thence down the said river the breadth of two half acres, and one + street thence back into the fields, by a line parallel to the lower + line of the said town, such a distance as to include ten half acre + lots and four streets; thence by a line parallel with the present + back line of the said town to the extent of seventeen half acre + lots and eight streets, and from thence by a line at right angles + with the last to the river." + + [35] Hening, Vol. vii, p. 604. Acts of Assembly, November 1762, + Chapter XXV. + +Until 1779 the Town of Alexandria had had no formal government, being +managed by a Board of Trustees whose interest was primarily in the sale +of land. In that year, however, the Town was incorporated by the +General Assembly with provision for a Mayor, Council, and other +officials. The charter[36] made no mention of boundaries except to give +the town authorities jurisdiction over the territory within a half mile +of the town limits. Another Act[37] adopted at the same session stated +that lots had been laid off by John Alexander adjacent to the town in +1774 and sold with the stipulation that they be built on within two +years. Because of the difficulty of obtaining building materials due to +wartime conditions not all the purchasers had been able to meet this +requirement. The Act extended the period within which building on these +lots was required to two years + + "after the end of the present war ... and the same are hereby + annexed to and made part of the said town of Alexandria." + + [36] Hening, Vol. x, p. 172. "An Act for incorporating the town + of Alexandria in the County of Fairfax." + + [37] Hening, Vol. x, p. 192. Acts of Assembly, 1779, Chapter + XXXI: "An Act to confirm certain sales and leases by the + trustees of the town of Alexandria and to enlarge said + town...." + +The width and direction of the streets to be laid off in the area +surrounding the Town was regulated by an Act of 1785,[38] but this did +not extend the actual town limits. The area affected was described as: + + "Beginning at Great Hunting Creek and running parallel with Fairfax + street to four mile run or creek so as to intersect King street + when extended one mile west of the courthouse, thence eastwardly + down the said creek or run to its confluence with the Potomac + river, thence southwardly down the said river to the mouth of Great + Hunting Creek...." + + [38] Acts of Assembly, October 1785, Chapter XCI. Hening, Vol. + xii, p. 205. + +In the next year, however, the Legislature provided + + "That the limits of the town of Alexandria shall extend to and + include as well the lots formerly composing the said town, as those + adjoining thereto which have been and are improved."[39] + + [39] Acts of Assembly, October 1786, Chapter LXXIII. Hening, + Vol. xii, p. 362. + +The town was still growing, and ten years later the General Assembly +again extended its legal limits. + + "Whereas several additions of lots contiguous to the town of + Alexandria have been laid off by the proprietors of the land in + lots of half an acre each extending to the north that range of lots + upon the north side of a street called Montgomery; upon the south, + to the line of the District of Columbia [this line had been + surveyed but Alexandria had not yet been incorporated in the + District] upon the west, to a range of lots upon the west side of + West street, and upon the east to the river Patowmac; that many of + the lots in those additions have already been built upon, and many + more will so be improved; and whereas it has been represented to + the General Assembly that the inhabitants residing on said lots are + not subject to the regulations made and established for the orderly + government of the town and for the preservation of the health of + the inhabitants, by the prevention and removal of nuisances, upon + which their property and well being does very much depend: + + "1. _Be it Therefore Enacted_: That each and every lot or part + of a lot within the aforesaid limits, on which at this time is + built a dwelling house of at least 16 feet square, or equal thereto + in size, with a brick or stone chimney and that each and every lot + within said limits which shall hereafter be so built upon, shall be + incorporated with the said town of Alexandria and considered as + part thereof."[40] + + [40] Acts of Assembly, November 1796, Chapter 32. Shepherd, + Vol. ii, p. 41. + +The following year this Act was amended[41] to include unimproved lots +since their development was being hindered by the exclusion. These were +the boundaries of the Town when it became part of the District of +Columbia. They remained unchanged for nearly half a century thereafter. +The charter for the town adopted by the Congress on February 25, +1804,[42] specified that the limits should be those prescribed by the +Acts of Virginia. The jurisdiction of the town officials, however, was +extended to the + + "house lately built in the vicinity of the town for the accommodation + of the poor and others" + +and over the ten acres of ground surrounding the poor house. This is at +what is now Monroe Street and Jefferson Davis Highway. Although the +Charter was amended several times while Alexandria was in the District, +no changes were made in the Town boundaries. + + [41] Acts of Assembly, December 1797, Chapter 60. Shepherd, + Vol. ii, p. 122. + + [42] U.S. _Stat. at Large_, Vol. 2, p. 255. + +After the retrocession of "the county and town of Alexandria" (v.s., p. +13) not only were the boundaries changed, but the Town was chartered as +a City. Section 22 of the new charter[43] provided: + + "The line of the City of Alexandria shall be extended on the north + and west as follows: Beginning in the Potomac River at a point + distant northerly in the direction of Fairfax Street four hundred + nineteen feet and two inches from the north line of the present + corporate limits of the town of Alexandria in said river, and + running thence westerly, parallel with said north line, to a point + at which it would intersect the present western line if extended + north four hundred nineteen feet and ten inches; thence + southwesterly with the present western line but the said city + council shall have authority to make such police and sanitary + regulations of the territory reaching ten feet west of the western + bank of Hooff's or Mushpot Run; then parallel to and at that + distance from said run to the line dividing Alexandria from Fairfax + county; then southeasterly with said dividing line to the present + southwest corner of the said town of Alexandria." + + [43] Acts of Assembly, 1852, Chapter 358, p. 241. + +The next year the Charter was amended,[44] again altering the +boundaries: + + "Beginning in the Potomac river at a point distant northwardly in + the direction of Fairfax street four hundred and nineteen feet and + two inches from the present north line of the corporate limits of + the town in said river, and running westerly parallel to said north + line to intersect the west line of said limits produced northwardly + four hundred and nineteen feet and two inches; thence southwardly + with said west line produced to the northwest corner of the said + limits; thence eastwardly with the said north line into the river; + then northwardly to the beginning: Beginning again at the + intersection of the northwestern line of said limits with the north + line of Cameron street; then southwardly with said western line, to + the county line; then northwardly with the county line to the point + where it intersects the brick wall on the south side of the Little + River Turnpike road; then northwardly by a straight line to the + east corner of John Hooff's lot on the south side of King street + extended; then crossing King street extended to the west corner of + the lot of the late Col. Francis Peyton; then with the west line of + said lot and the course thereof to the north line of Cameron street + extended; then by a straight line to the beginning." + + [44] Acts of Assembly, 1853, Chapter 484. Adopted February 18, + 1853. + +The next addition came in 1858[45] when the boundaries were described +as: + + "Beginning in the Potomac River, at a point distant northerly, in + the direction of Fairfax Street five hundred and ninety five feet + and nine inches from the north line of Montgomery street, as now + established in said city, and extended into said river; and running + thence westerly and parallel with said north line to a point at + which this course will intersect a line one hundred twenty three + feet and five inches west of and running parallel to the western + line of West street as now established, when extended; thence + southerly parallel with West street, to the north line of Cameron + street as now established; thence westerly in the direction of the + north line of Cameron street extended, to a point in a line with + the west line of the lot of the late Francis Peyton, on which he + resided; thence southerly, parallel with West street, to the south + line of King street, extended; thence in a straight line to a point + in the line dividing the county of Fairfax and Alexandria from each + other, ten feet west of Hoof's Run; thence southerly, parallel to, + and distant 10 feet from Hoof's Run to the middle of Hunting Creek + thence with the middle of Hunting Creek into the Potomac River; + then up the said river to the beginning." + + [45] Acts of Assembly, 1858, Chapter 270. Enacted April 2, + 1858. + +This line remained in effect until January 27, 1865, when an amendment +to the charter[46] withdrew from the jurisdiction of the city all the +territory in Fairfax county (bounded by the old District line, Hooff's +Run and Hunting Creek) which had been added to the town by the charter +of 1858. The next year, on January 25, 1866, the General Assembly +rescinded this action and restored the boundaries of 1858.[47] A further +change occurred in this area on February 20, 1871, when the last part +of the description was changed to read: + + "... to a point in the line dividing the county of Fairfax and + Alexandria from each other, ten feet west of Hooff's Run; thence + southerly with the said line into the Potomac River; thence up said + river to the beginning."[48] + + [46] Acts of Assembly 1865/66, Chapter IX. + + [47] Acts of Assembly 1866/67, Chapter 152. + + [48] Acts of Assembly 1871, Chapter 73. The frequent and rapid + changes in this boundary appear to have been related to the + complexion of the electorate in the affected area and the + varying political sentiments of the immediate post Civil War + and Reconstruction periods. + +A major change occurred on May 1, 1870, when the City of Alexandria was +excluded from the County. This came about through the implementation of +an Act of the Assembly[49] following the adoption of a new Virginia +Constitution in 1869. In delineating the magisterial districts into +which counties were to be divided it was provided that "no part of any +town or city having a separate organization, or a population of five +thousand or more inhabitants, shall be embraced." Alexandria was such a +city and thereafter was independent of as well as outside of the +County. + + [49] Acts of Assembly, 1869-70, Chapter 39. + + [Illustration: MAP IV + Areas Annexed by the City of Alexandria in 1915 and 1929 + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +There were no further legislative changes in the boundaries of the City +of Alexandria after 1871. In 1915, however, the Supreme Court of +Appeals of Virginia, reversed a decision of the Circuit Court of +Alexandria County given on January 13, 1913. The City Council of +Alexandria had sought to annex adjoining territory from both Fairfax +and Alexandria counties and had been opposed by the authorities of +those counties who had been upheld by the Circuit Court. The Order of +the Supreme Court of Appeals[50] transferred 866 acres from Arlington +and 450 acres from Fairfax to Alexandria. + + [50] Alexandria County, _Deed Book 146_, p. 387. See Appendix. + Cf. also, C. B. Rose, Jr., "Annexation of a Portion of + Arlington County by the City of Alexandria in 1915," _The + Arlington Historical Magazine_, pp. 22-36, Vol. 2, No. 4 + (1964). For a discussion of the judicial process of annexation, + cf. Bain, _Annexation in Virginia_. + +This annexation took effect on April 1, 1915. Once more thereafter +Arlington County--as it became known after 1920[51]--was to lose +territory to the City of Alexandria. This was in 1929 when a decision +of the Supreme Court of Appeals[52] rendered May 4, 1929, found in favor +of the City of Alexandria which had begun annexation proceedings in +December 1927. + + [51] Acts of Assembly, 1920, Chapter 241. + + [52] Arlington County, _Common Law Order Book 12_, p. 293. + Also, _Deed Book 306_, p. 300. + +The Court held that "it is necessary and expedient that the corporate +limits of the City of Alexandria should be extended" and that "the +territory to be annexed from Arlington County is a reasonably compact +body of land and contains no land which is not adapted to city +improvement, and the Court being also of the opinion that no land is +included which the City will not need in the reasonably near future for +development ..." + +The Court ordered the annexation[53] to take effect on December 31, +1929. The line thus established remained in effect until January 1, +1966. + + [53] See Appendix. + +This was the last annexation of territory from Arlington County. A +special provision of the Act[54] establishing the County Manager plan +of government, adopted by Arlington in 1930, effective January 1, 1932, +prevents the annexation of any _part_ of the County (but permits +annexation of the _entire_ County after referendum). In 1938, as a +further precaution, the legislative delegation representing Arlington +County succeeded in having the General Assembly enact a law[55] which +prohibits the annexation of territory from any county which would +result in reducing the area of that county to less than 60 square miles +of highland. Since Arlington has less than 26 square miles, this Act +effectively checks any further such encroachments upon its territory. + + [54] Acts of Assembly, 1930, Chapter 167; Cf. also, _Code of + Virginia, 1950_, Title 15.1, Sec. 692. + + [55] Acts of Assembly, 1938, Chapter 22; Cf. also, _Code of + Virginia, 1950_, Title 15.1, Sec. 1056. + +Development on both sides of the 1929 boundary line, construction of +streets and notably of the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway--and +especially changes in the channel of Four Mile Run--eventually brought +dissatisfaction with that line. In 1962, the Arlington and Alexandria +legislative delegations secured enactment by the General Assembly of an +Act[56] permitting an adjustment in the boundary to be concluded by +mutual agreement between the governing bodies of the County and the +City, the agreement to be recorded in the Clerk's Office of both +jurisdictions. + + [56] Acts of Assembly, 1962, Chapter 314. + +Negotiations began after the area affected had been surveyed and the +private property which might be the subject of exchange had been +appraised. Impetus was given by the need of Arlington for land in +connection with enlargement of the County sewage treatment facilities; +this land, although on the North side of Four Mile Run fell in +Alexandria. Finally, the Arlington County Board gave approval in +principle to a draft proposal on April 10, 1965,[57] and on April 13, +1965, the Alexandria City Council followed suit. A public hearing was +held on May 5, 1965, but final action was deferred pending refinement +of the proposal. In December 1965, the final agreement was recorded[58] +and the transfer of certain publicly owned property approved by the +Circuit Court. The net gain to Arlington's area was 167 acres. + + [57] Arlington County Board Minute Book XXI, p. 54. + + [58] Alexandria _Deed Book_, 641, p. 188 (December 21, 1965); + Arlington _Deed Book_, 1609, p. 453 (December 23, 1965); + Arlington _Common Law Order Book_ 85, p. 197. For the + description of the new boundary, see Appendix. + +This procedure for rectifying boundaries between a County and a City is +highly unusual in the Virginia experience. + + +_Arlington's Boundary with the District of Columbia_ + +No definite effort was made at the time of the recession of Alexandria +County to Virginia to draw a boundary line between the County and the +remaining portion of the District of Columbia. As noted above, the +various acts bringing about the recession referred only to "the +territory heretofore ceded by the Commonwealth of Virginia." The actual +boundary was of small moment at the time. + +Toward the end of the 19th Century, however, the United States +Government acquired lands on the Virginia shore of the Potomac largely +through the purchase of the Arlington estate. As the 20th Century +progressed, roads (notably the Mount Vernon Boulevard and later the +George Washington Memorial Parkway) were constructed, bridges and +bridge approaches built and, eventually, the Federal Government +undertook to construct the National Airport at Gravelly Point below +Alexander's Island. A suit[59] over government activity in making a land +fill raised questions as to the exact location of the boundary--and +indeed as to whether Alexander's Island really was an island or was a +peninsula. This case, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court on May 4, +1931, set the boundary line between the District of Columbia and +Virginia at the high water mark of the Potomac on the Virginia shore as +it existed in 1791. + + [59] _Washington Airport_ vs. _Smoot Sand and Gravel Corp_., + 283 U.S. 348. Cf. also, _Marine Railroad and Coal Co_. v. + _U.S._, 257 U.S. 47. + +But where had that high water mark been? There had been no survey at +the time; the shore line had never been marked; and even had it been, +the passage of time had made many changes in the river front.[60] A +Commission was established[61] to deal with this question. The +instructions to this Commission were to take into consideration the +decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, the findings and +report of the Maryland-Virginia Commission of 1877[62] and the +Maryland-Virginia compact of 1785.[63] + + [60] This indefinite boundary line "lies in many places some + distance from the Potomac River." _Report No. 895_, H.R., 78th + Congress, 1st Session. + + [61] 48 U.S. Stat. 453; Virginia Acts of Assembly, 1932, p. + 485. + + [62] _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 7. This + Commission dealt only with the boundary below Jones Point but + chose _low water mark_ as the line. The pertinent words of + the agreement (ratified by Virginia in 1878) are: "The low + water mark on the Potomac to which Virginia has a right in the + soil, is to be measured ... from low-water mark at one headland + to low water at another, without following indentations, bays, + creeks, inlets, or affluent rivers. Virginia is entitled not + only to full dominion over the soil to low water mark on the + south shore of the Potomac, but has a right to such use of the + river...." Interpretation of this agreement took many years and + it was 1930 before the line actually was surveyed and + monumented. + + [63] _Code of Virginia, 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 7. Cf. also + page 9 above. + +The Commission accumulated a large volume of testimony and exhibits and +completed its report[64] in 1935. It found that the "fair and proper +boundary is the low water mark on the Virginia shore running from +headland to headland across creeks and inlets." It pointed out that +inasmuch as the mark of 1791 could not be determined the low water mark +should be accepted as of this day. It suggested that an exception be +made at Roaches Run where the line should run 150 feet west of and +parallel to the west line of the Mount Vernon Boulevard. + + [64] Report of District of Columbia--Virginia Boundary + Commission, 74th Congress, 2nd Session, _House Document_ 374. + +Several bills[65] were introduced into Congress to give effect to the +decision of the Commission but none was enacted at this time. The +completion of the Airport and the Pentagon Building gave urgency to the +problem: conflicts of jurisdiction hampered law enforcement and +complicated the question of tax collection. Moreover, Virginia was +anxious to insure that the liquor control laws of the State and not +those of the District of Columbia should be in effect at the National +Airport. In 1942, the General Assembly had adopted an Act[66] covering +the boundary question, on the assumption that the bill then pending in +Congress would be passed. Disagreement over the details of the +jurisdiction to be ceded and accepted by Virginia and the United States +Government prevented passage of a Federal Act until 1945 when Public +Law 208 was enacted by the 79th Congress. This was followed by an +Act[67] of the Virginia General Assembly repealing the 1942 Act and +ratifying the 1945 Federal Act. + + [65] 76th Congress, 3rd Session, H.R. 9976; S. 4114. 77th + Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 1045; H.R. 5073. 78th Congress, 1st + Session, S. 19; H.R. 746; H.R. 3664. The Arlington County Board + endorsed H.R. 9976; cf. Minute Book V, p. 423 and VII, p. 500. + + [66] Acts of Assembly, 1942, Chapter 267. + + [67] Acts of Assembly, 1946, Chapter 26. _Code of Virginia, + 1950_, Title 7.1, Sec. 10. + +This law is in effect today. It provides that the boundary line + + "shall begin at a point where the northwest boundary of the + District of Columbia intercepts the high-water mark of the Virginia + shore of the Potomac River and following the present mean + high-water mark; thence in a southeasterly direction along the + Virginia shore of the Potomac River to Little River, along the + Virginia shore of Little River to Boundary Channel, along the + Virginia side of Boundary Channel to the main body of the Potomac + River, along the Virginia side of the Potomac River across the + mouths of all tributaries affected by the tides of the river to + Second Street, Alexandria, Virginia, from Second Street to the + present established pierhead line, and following said pierhead line + to its connection with the District of Columbia-Maryland boundary + line; that whenever said mean high-watermark on the Virginia shore + is altered by artificial fill and excavations made by the United + States, or by alluvion or erosion, then the boundary shall follow + the new mean high-water mark on the Virginia shore as altered, or + whenever the location of the pierhead line along the Alexandria + water front is altered, then the boundary shall follow the new + location of the pierhead line." + +The Act also provided that all the land on the Virginia side of the +Potomac lying between the boundary line as now adopted and the mean +high water mark as it existed on January 24, 1791 (wherever that was!) +should be ceded to the State of Virginia. The United States, however, +reserved concurrent jurisdiction over this area. + +Here the matter rests very uneasily today. The exact line was surveyed, +monumented, and mapped by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey over the +years 1946-1947.[68] However, the working agreements reached by the law +enforcement officials of the various jurisdictions concerned have not +always proven satisfactory. The long history of the location of the +Potomac River boundary of Arlington County cannot yet be said to have +reached its end. + + [68] Unpublished Report dated March 27, 1947, from Lt. Comdr. + Roswell C. Bolstad, Chief of Party, on Project G-815, Coast and + Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce. + + +_Postscript--Towns in Arlington County_ + +Of the three towns which have lain within Arlington County, the only +one whose limits have been of importance to the territorial extent of +the County is Alexandria. Nonetheless, to complete the record, some +mention should be made of the Town of Potomac and the Town of Falls +Church, the first of which lay wholly within Arlington, and the second, +partly so. + +Falls Church is the older town. It was chartered by the General +Assembly on March 30, 1875.[69] The charter set forth the boundaries as: + + "Beginning at the corner of Alexandria and Fairfax Counties on J. + C. DePutron's farm; thence to the corner of W. H. Ellison and Koon + [sic] on D. H. Barrett's line; thence to the corner of Sewell and + Hollidge, on the new cut road; thence to the corner of J. E. Birch + and H. J. England, on the Falls Church and Fairfax Courthouse road; + thence to a stone in the road being a corner of B. F. Shreve, + Newton, and others; thence to the crossing of the Alexandria and + Georgetown roads at Taylor's corners; thence along the line of said + Georgetown road to the corner of Samuel Shreve and John Febrey; + thence to a pin oak tree near Dr. L. E. Gott's spring; thence to + the northeast corner of John Brown's barn; thence to the crossing + of Isaac Crossmun's and Bowen's line on the Chain Bridge Road; + thence to the place of beginning." + + [69] Acts of Assembly 1874/75, Chapter 316. + + [Illustration: MAP V + The Towns of Falls Church and Potomac in Arlington County + Drafted by W. B. Allison and B. Sims] + +After Arlington adopted the County Manager form of government, the +residents of so much of the Town of Falls Church as lay within +Arlington County (Map V) sought to have the charter amended to reduce +the limits of the Town to that portion which lay in Fairfax. An action +was brought on July 7, 1932, and the Circuit Court granted the petition +on January 17, 1935.[70] This decision was appealed, however, and it was +not until the next year (April 30, 1936) that the order went into +effect,[71] after the lower court had been upheld by the Virginia +Supreme Court of Appeals. + + [70] Arlington County, _Common Law Order Book 16_, p. 235 and + p. 309. + + [71] Arlington County, _Common Law Order Book 17_, p. 130 and + p. 138. + +The area affected by the order is described as: + + "Beginning at a large planted stone on the estate of the late J. C. + DePutron, at the original western corner of the District of + Columbia, which is also at the corner of Fairfax and Arlington + counties, and at the corner of the Town of Falls Church; thence + with the boundary of said Town S. 83 deg. 15' E. 2,404 feet more or + less, to a planted stone in the center of Little Falls Street also + called the Chain Bridge Road, at a point at which said street is + intersected by the boundary of the land formerly known as the Bowen + tract; thence with the boundary of said Town S. 49 deg. 15' E. 3,482 + feet, more or less, to a planted granite stone at a point which + formerly marked the northeast corner of John Brown's barn; thence + with the boundary of said Town S. 28 deg. 45' E. 2,410 feet, more or + less, to a point at which there formerly stood a large pin oak on + the Gott tract; thence with the boundary of the said Town S. 4 deg. 15' + W. to the boundary between Fairfax and Arlington counties; thence + with the said boundary in a northwesterly direction to the place of + beginning." + +The Town of Potomac was chartered by the General Assembly in 1908.[72] +Its boundaries (Map V) were described as: + + "Beginning at the north intersection of Bellefont Avenue in the + subdivision of 'Del Ray' with the Washington and Alexandria + Turnpike, thence northerly along the west line of the Turnpike to + the old Georgetown Road, the northern boundary of the subdivision + of St. Elmo; thence westerly along the south side of the Georgetown + Road to the dividing line of Susan P. A. Calvert and Charles E. + Wood; thence with the line of Calvert and Wood to the west line of + the Washington, Alexandria and Mt. Vernon R.R. Co., to its + intersection with Lloyd's Lane and Bellefont Avenue to the + beginning." + + [72] Acts of Assembly 1908, Chapter 273. + +All this area was included in the annexation to Alexandria which was +effected in 1929 (cf. p. 23). + +One proposed town deserves mention. In 1920 a group of citizens +petitioned the Circuit Court for a town charter for Clarendon. The +Court denied the petition. Upon appeal, the Supreme Court of Appeals of +Virginia upheld the lower court, declaring that all of Arlington County +was a "continuous, contiguous, and homogeneous community" and as such +should not be subjected to subdivision for the purpose of incorporating +a town.[73] Since Arlington is even more a "continuous, contiguous, and +homogeneous" community than it was in 1922 there is no prospect that +ever again will there be a town within the bounds of the County. + + [73] _Bennett_ v. _Garrett_, 112 S.E. 772, decided June 15, + 1922. + + + + + +APPENDIX + + +_Annexation of 1915_ + +Text of the order of the Supreme Court of Appeals setting the area to +be annexed by Alexandria as of April 1, 1915: + + "1st. That the following territory in Fairfax County be, and the + same is hereby annexed to the City of Alexandria, to + wit:--Beginning at a point in mid-channel of Hunting Creek + southward of Alexandria Water Company's pumping station with the + east side of a lane, called Robert's Lane; running thence + northwardly with the east line of said Lane, extended, and with the + east line of said Lane to the south side of the Little River + Turnpike; thence across the Little River Turnpike in the same + direction to the extreme west corner of Shooter's Hill section of + George Washington Park sub-division; thence with the west boundary + of said Shooter's Hill section to the corner of said Shooter's Hill + section and Section No. 2 of said sub-division; thence with the + west boundary of said Section No. 2 of said sub-division to a point + on the south side of Janney's Road fifty (50) feet west from the + intersection of the south side of Janney's Road and the west side + of the Leesburg Turnpike; thence continuing to about 25 degrees + east to the old District of Columbia line, being the dividing line + between said Fairfax County and Alexandria County; and thence + southwestwardly with the said old District line to Jones Point on + the Potomac River; thence southwardly down the said River to the + mid-channel of Hunting Creek: thence with the meanderings of the + mid-channel of Hunting Creek up stream, to the point of + beginning.... 2nd. That the following described territory in + Alexandria County be, and the same is, hereby annexed to the City + of Alexandria: Beginning at the northwest corner of the present + city boundary, and extended said line westwardly, in the same + course until it intersects with the north side of the Braddock + Road; thence southwardly, to the Old District line at the northwest + corner of the land annexed from Fairfax County; thence with the + said old District line southeastwardly to the southwest corner of + the present city boundary about twenty feet west of Hooff's Run; + thence following the western boundary line of the present city to + the northwest corner of the present boundary line of the city and + the point of beginning.... And it is further ordered that the + boundary lines of the City of Alexandria after annexation shall be + as follows: Beginning in the Potomac River at the northeast corner + of the present boundary of the City of Alexandria and following the + present north boundary line of the City of Alexandria to the + northwest corner of the City, thence prolonging said line in the + same direction until it intersects with the north side of the + Braddock Road; then southwardly to a point on the south side of + Janney's Lane fifty (50) feet from the west side of Leesburg + Turnpike; thence southwardly along the west boundary line of George + Washington Park subdivision to the Alexandria Water Company + property and reservoir; thence southwardly with the west line of + Alexandria Water Company's property to the north side of the Little + River Turnpike; thence across the Little River Turnpike and with + the east side of Robert's Lane and continuing with the east side of + Robert's Lane extended to the mid-channel of Hunting Creek; thence + downstream with the meandering of the mid-channel of Hunting Creek + to the Potomac River, thence up the Potomac River to Jones Point + and thence with the west side of the Potomac River to the point of + beginning, the northeast corner of the present boundary of the City + of Alexandria." + + +_Annexation of 1929_ + +Text of the order of the Supreme Court of Appeals setting the area to +be annexed by Alexandria as of December 31, 1929: + + "Beginning at the intersection of the north corporate limits of + Alexandria Virginia with the west shore of the Potomac River, + thence extending N. 80 deg. 39' W. along said north boundary line to + the northwest corner of the corporate limits as the same was + established prior to the year 1915; thence with the line as + established March 22, 1915, and continuing said north corporate + line N. 80 deg. 39' W., 4,353.86 feet to a set stone at the corner on + the north side of the Braddock Road within the subdivision of + Northwest Alexandria; thence S. 30 deg. 11' W., 1,892.20 feet to the + intersection with the line separating Fairfax and Arlington + Counties; thence with the line of said two counties N. 45 deg. 02' 50" + W., 6,434.88 feet to a point in the center line of the Braddock + Road (having passed over an original milestone in said county line + at 3,244.70 feet); thence following along the center line of said + Braddock Road, S. 84 deg. 22' 30" E., 264.20 feet to a point where said + Braddock Road is intersected by the southwardly projection of the + Seminary Road: thence departing from said Braddock Road and + following along the center line of said Seminary Road the following + courses: N. 5 deg. 02' 30" E. 811.50 feet, N. 22 deg. 46' 30" E. 611.05 + feet, N. 1 deg. 23' W., 1,551.40 feet, N. 20 deg. 03' E. 319.13 feet, N. + 19 deg. 48' E. 385.49 feet, N. 37 deg. 45' W. 183.32 feet, N. 2 deg. 57' E. + 140.89 feet, N. 28 deg. 00' E. 165.41 feet, N. 5 deg. 59' E., 145.83 feet + N. 13 deg. 47' W. 436.37 feet, N. 9 deg. 02' W. 1,447.08 feet, and N. 2 deg. + 10' 30" E. 274.90 feet to the point where said center line of said + Seminary Road intersects the south right-of-way line of the + Washington and Old Dominion Railway; thence with said south + right-of-way line S. 77 deg. 39' 30" E., 1885.80 more or less, to the + center line of the channel of Four Mile Run; thence down the + mid-channel line of said Four Mile Run following the meanderings + thereof as the same passes under the Washington Virginia Railway + (now the Mount Vernon, Alexandria and Washington Railway) the + Washington and Alexandria Road, and extending to the intersection + of the said Run with the Potomac River; thence following along the + west shore line of said Potomac River southwardly to the point of + beginning." + + +_Boundary Adjustment 1966_ + +Text of the description of the new Arlington-Alexandria boundary in +effect on January 1, 1966, by mutual agreement: + + "A line beginning at a point on the common boundary between Fairfax + County and the City of Alexandria, Virginia, said point being in + the existing right of way of Route #7 and is further defined as + point #134 having Virginia State Coordinates of N. 431,495.42 and + E. 2,395,581.64 as shown on a map recorded with a deed of + annexation in Deed Book 332, page 559, of the land records of the + City of Alexandria, Virginia; thence running along said common + boundary N. 55 deg. 50' 10" E., 69.09 feet to the boundary corner #135 + whose coordinates are N. 431,534.22 and E. 2,395,638.81, said point + #135 also being shown on the aforementioned boundary map; thence + still running with the last mentioned course and across Route #7 + 1.29 feet (70.38 feet in all) to a point having coordinates N. + 431,534.94 and E. 2,395,639.88; thence running N. 09 deg. 13' 10" E. + 0.69 feet to a point lying on the northerly side of Route #7, 40 + feet from same and having coordinates N. 431,535.62 and E. + 2,395,639.99; thence running along the northerly side of Route #7 + S. 66 deg. 38' 20" E., 96.13 feet to a point of curvature whose + coordinates are N. 431,497.50 and E. 2,395,728.24 thence continuing + with said northerly side of Route #7 and its extension and + following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 2331.83 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 810.17 feet and S. 56 deg. + 38' 05" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 814.30 feet to a + point on the extension of the northerly side of 25th Street, and + whose coordinates are N. 431,051.93 and E. 2,396,404.88; thence + running along said extension and thence with the northerly side of + said street N. 50 deg. 54' 13" E., 39.53 feet to a point of curvature + whose coordinates are N. 431,076.86 and E. 2,396,435.56; thence + following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 115.60 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 42.17 feet and N. 61 deg. + 24' 48" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 42.41 feet to a + point of tangency whose coordinates are N. 431,097.04 and E. + 2,396,472.59; thence continuing along 25th Street N. 71 deg. 55' 23" E. + 220.00 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 431,165.30 and E. + 2,396,681.73; thence turning and running across 25th Street and + thence along the common boundary between lots #503 and #5 of + Section 1 of Claremont Subdivision, and thence across Beauregard + Street (its extension into Arlington County being known as S. + Walter Reed Drive) S. 18 deg. 04' 37" E., 317.80 feet to a point on a + curve in the southerly side of Beauregard Street, said point having + coordinates N. 430,863.19 and E. 2,396,780.34; thence running along + the southerly side of said street and following the arc of a curve + to the left whose radius is 410.00 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 69.89 feet and S. 55 deg. 47' 34.5" respectively, for an + arc distance of 69.97 feet to a point of tangency having + coordinates N. 430,823.90 and E. 2,396,722.54; thence continuing + along the southerly side of Beauregard Street and its extension S. + 50 deg. 54' 13" W. 83.66 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. + 430,771.14 and E. 2,396,657.61, said point being 40 feet from the + centerline of the previously mentioned Route #7; thence running + parallel with but 40 feet from said centerline S. 37 deg. 38' 20" E. + 572.92 feet to a point whose coordinates are N. 430,317.46 and E. + 2,397,007.48, said point being on the extension of the common + boundary between Section #1-A of Claremont and Section #2 of + Fairlington; thence running along said extension and thence along + said common boundary itself N. 44 deg. 19' 57" E., 335.55 feet to a + point being the northwesterly corner of a parcel of land owned by + the City of Alexandria; and having coordinates N. 430,557.48 and E. + 2,397,241.97; thence running with the northeasterly boundary of + said parcel S. 45 deg. 38' 10" E., 242.71 feet to a point on a curve + having coordinates N. 430,387.77 and E. 2,397,415.49 and lying in + the northerly line of 28th Street; thence running along said + northerly line of 28th Street and following the arc of a curve to + the right whose radius is 311.48 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 37.57 feet and S. 64 deg. 02' 05" E. respectively, for an + arc distance of 37.60 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates + are N. 430,371.32 and E. 2,397,449.27; thence along the northerly + side of South Columbus Street S. 60 deg. 34' 37" E., 415.05 feet to a + point of curvature having coordinates N. 430,167.42 and E. + 2,397,810.79; thence running along the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 215.99 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 162.40 feet and S. 38 deg. 29' 37" E. respectively for an arc distance + of 166.50 feet to a point of tangency lying in the intersection of + 29th Street and Columbus Street and having coordinates N. + 430,040.31 and E. 2,397,911.87; thence running S. 16 deg. 24' 37" E. + 69.70 feet to a point of curvature on the northeasterly side of + Columbus Street and whose coordinates are N. 429,973.45 and E. + 2,397,931.56; thence running along the northeasterly side of said + street and following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 691.20 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 396.48 feet and + S. 33 deg. 04' 37" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 402.12 feet + to a point of tangency, the coordinates of which are N. 429,641.22 + and E. 2,398,147.94; thence running S. 49 deg. 44' 37" E. 545.56 feet + to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,288.67 and E. + 2,398,564.29; thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose + radius is 20.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 21.94 + feet and S. 83 deg. 00' 35.5" E. respectively, for an arc distance of + 23.22 feet to a point of reversed curvature whose coordinates are + N. 429,286.00 and E. 2,398,586.07; thence running around the circle + of the intersection of Columbus and 30th Streets and following the + arc of a curve to the right whose radius is 93.00 feet and whose + chord and chord bearing are 177.22 feet and S. 08 deg. 36' 07" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 349.54 feet to a point of + curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,110.77 and E. 2,398,612.58; + thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 20.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 21.94 feet and S. + 65 deg. 48' 21.5" W. respectively, for an arc distance of 23.22 feet to + a point of tangency on the southeasterly side of 30th Street, said + point having coordinates N. 429,101.78 and E. 2,398,592.57; thence + running along the southeasterly side of said street S. 32 deg. 32' 23" + W., 136.28 feet to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. + 428,986.89 and E. 2,398,519.27; thence following the arc of a curve + to the left whose radius is 25.00 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 35.36 feet and S. 12 deg. 27' 37" E. respectively, for an + arc distance of 39.27 feet to a point on the northeasterly side of + Route #7, said point having coordinates N. 428,952.36 and E. + 2,398,526.90; thence running S. 57 deg. 27' 37" E. 62.54 feet to a + point whose coordinates are N. 428,918.72 and E. 2,398,579.62; + thence running S. 56 deg. 42' 37" E. 713.53 feet to a point of + curvature, said point having coordinates N. 428,527.08 and E. + 2,399,176.06; thence following the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 6056.68 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 1137.63 feet and S. 51 deg. 19' 17" E., respectively for an arc + distance of 1139.31 feet to a point of tangency on the + northeasterly side of Route #7, said point having coordinates N. + 427,816.12 and E. 2,400,064.17; thence running along the + northeasterly side of Route #7, S. 45 deg. 55' 57" E., 2926.68 feet to + a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 425,780.60 and E. + 2,402,167.05; thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose + radius is 25.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 29.63 + feet and S. 82 deg. 16' 52.5" E. respectively, for an arc distance of + 31.72 feet to a point on the northerly side of Quaker Lane, said + point having coordinates of N. 425,776.62 and E. 2,402,196.41; + thence following the northerly side of Quaker Lane N. 61 deg. 22' 12" + E. 25.35 feet to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. + 425,788.77 and E. 2,402,218.66; thence following the arc of a curve + to the left whose radius is 880.83 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 594.59 feet and N. 41 deg. 38' 39.5" E. respectively, for + an arc distance of 606.50 feet to a point of tangency having + coordinates N. 426,233.10 and E. 2,402,613.77; thence turning and + running S. 68 deg. 04' 53" E. 47.00 feet to a point whose coordinates + are N. 426,215.56 and E. 2,402,657.37, said point being on the + centerline of Quaker Lane; thence running along the centerline of + same N. 21 deg. 55' 07" E. 492.76 feet to a point of curvature having + coordinates N. 426,672.70 and E. 2,402,841.31; thence following the + arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 1200.00 feet and whose + chord and chord bearing are 499.27 feet and N. 09 deg. 54' 42.5" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 502.94 feet to a point of + tangency whose coordinates are N. 427,164.52 and E. 2,402,927.25; + thence running N. 02 deg. 05' 42" W. 993.05 feet to a point whose + coordinates are N. 428,156.91 and E. 2,402,890.95; said point lying + in the intersection of Quaker Lane and Crestwood Drive; thence + continuing along the centerline of Quaker Lane N. 00 deg. 59' 42" W., + 201.72 feet to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. + 428,358.60 and E. 2,402,887.45; thence following the arc of a curve + to the right whose radius is 595.00 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 204.00 feet and N. 08 deg. 52' 33" E. respectively, for an + arc distance of 205.01 feet to a point of tangency having + coordinates N. 428,560.16 and E. 2,402,918.93; thence running N. + 18 deg. 44' 48" E., 122.09 feet to a point of curvature having + coordinates N. 428,675.77 and E. 2,402,958.17; thence running along + the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 2181.87 feet and + whose chord and chord bearing are 237.27 feet and N. 15 deg. 37' 47" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 237.39 feet to a point of + tangency having coordinates N. 428,904.27 and E. 2,403,022.10; + thence running N. 12 deg. 30' 46" E. 88.70 feet to a point of curvature + having coordinates N. 428,990.86 and E. 2,403,041.32 and lying in + the intersection of Quaker Lane, 32nd Road South, and Preston Road; + thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 243.67 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 44.38 feet and N. + 07 deg. 17' 14.5" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 44.44 feet to + a point of tangency having coordinates N. 429,034.88 and E. + 2,403,046.95; thence running N. 02 deg. 03' 43" E. 264.98 feet to a + point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 429,299.69 and E. + 2,403,056.48 thence still running along the centerline of Quaker + Lane and following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is + 2165.91 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 152.44 feet and + N. 00 deg. 02' 43" E. respectively for an arc distance of 152.47 feet + to a point of tangency having coordinates N. 429,452.13 and E. + 2,403,056.60; thence N. 01 deg. 58' 17" W., 141.63 feet to a point of + curvature having coordinates N. 429,593.68 and E. 2,403,051.73; + thence following the arc of a curve to the right whose radius is + 4560.67 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 224.93 feet and + N. 00 deg. 33' 30" W. respectively for an arc distance of 224.95 feet + to a point on the existing Alexandria-Arlington Boundary, said + point having coordinates N. 429,818.60 and E. 2,403,049.54; thence + running along said existing boundary N. 14 deg. 40' 33" W., 307.96 feet + to an existing boundary corner with coordinates N. 430,116.51 and + E. 2,402,971.52; thence running N. 09 deg. 54' 36" W., 1447.14 feet to + another existing corner having coordinates N. 431,542.06 and E. + 2,402,722.47; thence continuing with said existing + Alexandria-Arlington Boundary N. 01 deg. 20' 15" E., 271.24 feet to a + corner with coordinates N. 431,813.23 and E. 402,728.80, said point + being in the vicinity of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad + right of way; thence running S. 78 deg. 26' 13" E. 1858.44 feet to an + existing boundary corner having coordinates N. 431,440.71 and E. + 2,404,549.52; thence continuing with an extension of the last + mentioned course 5.73 feet (1864.17 feet in all) to a point whose + coordinates are N. 431,439.56 and E. 2,404,555.13; said point lying + in Four Mile Run; thence turning and running with the proposed + centerline of Four Mile Run N. 20 deg. 30' 55" E., 62.07 feet to a + point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 431,497.69 and E. + 2,404,576.88; thence following the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 420.44 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 361.79 feet and N. 45 deg. 59' 55" E. respectively, for an arc distance + of 374.00 feet to a point of compound curvature having coordinates + N. 431,749.02 and E. 2,404,837.12; thence running along the arc of + a curve to the right whose radius is 388.90 feet and whose chord + and chord bearing are 241.48 feet and N. 89 deg. 34' 10" E. + respectively for an arc distance of 245.54 feet to a point of + tangency whose coordinates are N. 431,750.83 and E. 2,405,078.59 + thence continuing along said proposed center and thence with the + existing centerline of Four Mile Run S. 72 deg. 20' 35" E. 115.13 feet + to a point of curvature whose coordinates are N. 431,715.91 and E. + 2,405,188.30; thence following the arc of a curve to the left whose + radius is 805.00 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 218.56 + feet and S. 80 deg. 08' 42.5" E. respectively for an arc distance of + 219.24 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates are N. + 431,678.50 and E. 2,405,403.64; thence running S. 87 deg. 56' 50" E., + 10.38 feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. 431,678.13 + and E. 2,405,414.01; thence following the arc of a curve to the + left whose radius is 2864.79 feet and whose chord and chord bearing + are 626.25 feet and N. 85 deg. 46' 40" E. respectively, for an arc + distance of 627.50 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates + are N. 431,724.24 and E. 2,406,038.56; thence continuing along the + centerline of said Four Mile Run N. 79 deg. 30' 10" E., 571.24 feet to + a point of curvature having coordinates N. 431,828.31 and E. + 2,406,600.24; thence following the arc of a curve to the right + whose radius is 1909.88 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are + 500.23 feet and N. 87 deg. 01' 40" E., respectively for an arc distance + of 501.67 feet to a point of tangency; said point having + coordinates N. 431,854.25 and E. 2,407,099.80; thence running S. + 85 deg. 26' 50" E., 542.38 feet to a point of curvature with + coordinates N. 431,811.20 and E. 2,407,640.47; thence following the + arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 1432.41 feet and whose + chord and chord bearing are 585.03 feet and N. 82 deg. 46' 10" E. + respectively, for an arc distance of 589.17 feet to a point of + tangency having coordinates N. 431,884.83 and E. 2,408,220.85; + thence running N. 70 deg. 59' 10" E. 28.44 feet to a point of curvature + having coordinates of N. 431,894.10 and E. 2,408,247.74; thence + following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 1318.44 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 482.64 feet and N. 60 deg. + 26' 22" E. respectively, for an arc distance of 485.38 feet to a + point of tangency having coordinates N. 432,132.21 and E. + 2,408,667.56; thence running N. 49 deg. 53' 34" E., 4.43 feet to a + point whose coordinates are N. 432,135.06 and E. 2,408,670.95; + thence running across Mount Vernon Avenue (Arlington Ridge Road in + Arlington) and still following the previously mentioned centerline + of Four Mile Run N. 71 deg. 20' 53" E., 274.92 feet to a point of + curvature with coordinates N. 432,222.98 and E. 2,408,931.43; + thence running along the arc of a curve to the right whose radius + is 315.05 feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 289.48 feet + and S. 81 deg. 18' 07" E. respectively for an arc distance of 300.28 + feet to a point of tangency with coordinates of N. 432,179.20 and + E. 2,409,217.58; thence running S. 53 deg. 57' 07" E., 314.44 feet to a + point whose coordinates are N. 431,994.16 and E. 2,409,471.81; + thence still running along said centerline S. 52 deg. 58' 38" E., + 665.38 feet to a point with coordinates N. 431,593.51 and E. + 2,410,003.05; thence S. 61 deg. 35' 07" E., 504.49 feet to a point + having coordinates N. 431,353.45 and E. 2,410,446.76; thence S. 62 deg. + 23' 28" E. 1048.27 feet to a point with coordinates N. 430,867.65 + and E. 2,411,375.67 and S. 67 deg. 03' 11" E., 544.81 feet to a point + of curvature, said point having coordinates N. 430,655.24 and E. + 2,411,877.37; thence running with the centerline of said Four Mile + Run, across Jefferson Davis Highway (Route #1), thru the culvert + and Potomac Railroad Yards, and following the arc of a curve to the + left whose radius is 446.47 feet and whose chord and chord bearing + are 485.07 feet and N. 80 deg. 02' 34.5" E. respectively for an arc + distance of 512.80 feet to a point of tangency whose coordinates + are N. 430,739.11 and E. 2,412,355.13; thence N. 47 deg. 08' 20" E. + 400.92 feet to a point of curvature having coordinates N. + 431,011.83 and E. 2,412,649.01; thence following the arc of a curve + to the right whose radius is 247.32 feet and whose chord and chord + bearing are 288.28 feet and N. 82 deg. 47' 15.5" E. respectively for an + arc distance of 307.76 feet to a point of reversed curvature, said + point having coordinates N. 431,048.02 and E. 2,412,935.01; thence + following the arc of a curve to the left whose radius is 692.78 + feet and whose chord and chord bearing are 339.43 feet and S. 75 deg. + 44' 39" E., respectively for an arc distance of 342.92 feet to a + point of tangency with coordinates N. 430,964.43 and E. + 2,413,263.99; thence running S. 89 deg. 55' 29" E., thru the culvert at + George Washington Memorial Parkway and to the Potomac River. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY + + +Arlington County, Virginia. _Deed Books._ + +----. _Common Law Order Books._ + +----. _County Board Minute Books._ + +Arlington Historical Society. _The Arlington Historical Magazine._ +Arlington; annual. + +Bain, Chester W. _Annexation in Virginia_: The Use of the Judicial +Process for Readjusting City-County Boundaries. Charlottesville, 1966. + +Caton, James R. _Legislative Chronicles of the City of Alexandria._ +Alexandria, 1933. + +Conway, Martha Bell. _The Compacts of Virginia._ Richmond, 1963. + +Hall, Clayton C., ed. _Narratives of Early Maryland, 1633-1684._ New +York, 1910. + +Hening, William Waller. _The Statutes at Large_; Being a Collection of +All the Laws of Virginia from the First Session of the Legislature in +the Year 1619. Second edition. New York, 1823. + +Mayor and Citizens of Alexandria, Virginia. "Remonstrance of ... +Against the Bill to Annex the city and county of Alexandria, to the +District of Columbia." Alexandria, 1865. + +Moore, Gay Montague. _Seaport in Virginia_, George Washington's +Alexandria. Richmond, 1949. + +Richardson, James D., ed. A Compilation of the _Messages and Papers of +the Presidents_, 1789-1897. Washington, 1896. + +Robinson, M. P. _Virginia Counties_, Those Resulting from Virginia +Legislation. Bulletin of the Virginia State Library. Richmond, 1916. + +Shepherd, Samuel. _The Statutes at Large of Virginia_ from the October +Session 1792 to December Session 1806. Richmond, 1835. + +Stetson, Charles W. _Four Mile Run Land Grants._ Washington, 1935. + +United States. House of Representatives, Seventy-Fourth Congress, 2nd +Session. _House Document 374_; "Report of the District of +Columbia--Virginia Boundary Commission." + +----. House of Representatives, Seventy-eighth Congress, 1st Session. +_Report No. 895_; "Establishing a Boundary Line Between the District of +Columbia and the Commonwealth of Virginia." + +----. _Statutes at Large._ + +Virginia. _Code of Virginia, 1950_, as Amended. + +----. _Acts of Assembly._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of the Boundaries of +Arlington County, Virginia, by Office of the County Manager, Arlington + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BOUNDARIES OF ARLINGTON COUNTY *** + +***** This file should be named 36902.txt or 36902.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/9/0/36902/ + +Produced by Mark C. 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