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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Text books of art education, v. 2 of 7, by 
+Hugo B. Froehlich and Bonnie E. Snow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Text books of art education, v. 2 of 7
+       Book II, Second Year
+
+Author: Hugo B. Froehlich
+        Bonnie E. Snow
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37495]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXT BOOKS OF ART EDUCATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Anna Hall and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THESE BOOKS WERE PLANNED IN A SERIES OF CONFERENCES AND CONSULTATIONS
+WITH LEADING ART TEACHERS AND EDUCATORS, AMONG WHOM WERE THE FOLLOWING:
+
+  MISS BONNIE E. SNOW, FORMERLY DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
+    MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
+
+  MISS WILHELMINA SEEGMILLER, DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
+    INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
+
+  MISS HARRIETTE L. RICE, DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PROVIDENCE,
+    R. I.
+
+  MR. WALTER SCOTT PERRY, DIRECTOR OF THE ART DEPARTMENT, PRATT
+    INSTITUTE, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
+
+  MRS. M. E. RILEY, DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ST. LOUIS, MO.
+
+  DR. HUGO MÜNSTERBERG, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
+
+  MRS. ALICE W. COOLEY, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH
+    DAKOTA.
+
+  MR. JOHN S. CLARK, BOSTON, MASS.
+
+
+
+
+  TEXT BOOKS OF
+  ART EDUCATION
+
+  BOOK II. / / SECOND YEAR
+
+  BY
+
+  HUGO B. FROEHLICH
+
+  FORMERLY INSTRUCTOR IN PRATT INSTITUTE
+  BROOKLYN, N. Y.
+
+  AND
+
+  BONNIE E. SNOW
+
+  FORMERLY SUPERVISOR OF DRAWING IN THE
+  PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
+
+  [Illustration]
+
+  THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY
+  NEW YORK / / BOSTON / / CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+  COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY
+  THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY.
+
+
+
+
+Acknowledgment.
+
+
+We are indebted to the publishers, Charles Scribner's Sons, for
+permission to use the verses, "At the Seaside" (page 46), the lines from
+"Good and Bad Children" (page 13), and the lines from "Singing" (page
+36)--all from "A Child's Garden of Verses," by Robert Louis Stevenson;
+to the Macmillan Company for the lines by Christina Rossetti (page 16);
+to Houghton, Mifflin and Company for the stanza from Longfellow's "The
+Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz" (page 1).
+
+For the Theory of Color Relations used in these books, special
+acknowledgment is due to Dr. Denman W. Ross, of Harvard University. The
+lessons in Design are preparatory to the fuller exposition in the upper
+books of Dr. Ross's principles of arrangement--Balance, Rhythm and
+Harmony.
+
+    "_I took a piece of plastic clay,
+    And idly fashioned it one day,
+    And as my fingers pressed it, still
+    It moved and yielded to my will.
+    I came again when days were past,--
+    The bit of clay was hard at last.
+    The form I gave it still it bore,
+    But I could change that form no more._
+
+    "_I took a piece of living clay,
+    And gently formed it day by day,
+    And moulded, with my power and art,
+    A young child's soft and yielding heart.
+    I came again, when years were gone,--
+    It was a man I looked upon.
+    He still that early impress bore,
+    And I could change it nevermore!_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    And Nature, the old nurse, took
+    The child upon her knee,
+    Saying; "Here is a story-book
+    Thy Father has written for thee."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Come out of doors with paint-box and brush!
+
+Come to a clear little pool in a meadow!
+
+The world is dressed in blue, yellow and green.
+
+The green in the distant trees looks blue-green; but the color of the
+meadow is yellow-green.
+
+The pool is the color of the sky.
+
+Paint the picture and choose a name for it.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Autumn likes bright red and yellow, with orange, violet, and deep, deep
+blue.
+
+See how she has dressed our meadow.
+
+Look at the trees and the clear little pool.
+
+What color is the grass? Where is the deep blue?
+
+Where does the violet look more red than blue?
+
+Paint an autumn picture of our meadow.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Name each of these four trees.
+
+Tell how you know them.
+
+Which tree is like a leafy tent or umbrella? Its arms reach far and wide
+to bend over us.
+
+Which tree looks like a spire? Its arms are raised toward the sky.
+
+Which tree stands with trunk tall and straight from the root to the
+pointed top?
+
+See "the brave old oak, with broad green crown and fifty arms so
+strong."
+
+Paint a set of shadow pictures (silhouettes) of the trees you like best.
+
+Study the trunk: its shape; its size; the way it sends out its branches.
+
+Study the branches: their shapes; their length; the way they stretch
+out, or stretch up, or droop.
+
+Paint the true shape of the whole big tree.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The maple-tree in autumn looks like a great bouquet of reds and yellows
+in a dark vase.
+
+You can tell it from all others by the shape and the color.
+
+Paint the bright bouquet.
+
+Drop in clear colors to show the shape of the maple-tree.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When the trees are bare of leaves, we see how beautiful the branches
+are.
+
+No two trees stretch out their arms in just the same way. But the
+largest boughs always spring from the big round trunk.
+
+See how the smaller boughs spring from larger ones and rock the winter
+buds in the air.
+
+Paint a tree as it looks in November.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+    "There's a ship on the sea
+      And it's sailing to-night, sailing to-night,--
+    And father's aboard, and the moon is all bright.
+      Dear moon, he'll be sailing for many a night--
+    Sailing from mother and me.
+      O follow the ship with your silvery light,
+    As father sails over the sea."]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Ship, sky and sea in the soft grays of night!
+
+Which is darker, the sky or the sea?
+
+Look at the light in the sky where it seems to meet the sea.
+
+The ship looks darkest gray.
+
+We see it against the lighter grays.
+
+Paint a "ship on the sea, sailing to-night."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Have you seen how sunset light over snow warms the white to a violet
+glow?
+
+Have you seen an evergreen tree against a sunset sky? The green looks
+very dark.
+
+Have you noticed the beautiful shape of Christmas trees?
+
+Paint a winter sunset, with an evergreen against the sunset sky.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Words make us see pictures. We can paint the same pictures with the
+brush.
+
+Paint what the next lines make you see.
+
+    "A little swerve; a tricky curve,--
+    And such a tumble!
+    A whirl; a stop; the sled on top;
+    A merry laugh,--yet this is not half
+    The fun of sliding!"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Here is Susan in the rain again! Now there are sky and trees in the
+picture.
+
+Think how the little girl is placed to show that she is walking on the
+ground.
+
+Which is lightest gray--sky, trees, or ground?
+
+Draw the picture with pencil, or paint it with brush and ink.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Happy hearts and happy faces,
+    Happy play in grassy places."
+
+Do these lines tell the truth about your field-day picnic?
+
+Were you in the fields or in the woods?
+
+Show with brush or pencil the best fun of the day.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Daisies are dancing, dancing, dancing,--
+      Daisies are dancing, list to the call
+    Sung by the Katydid, gay little fiddler
+      "Come all ye Flowers and dance at the Ball!"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When the dandelion looks up at the sun, it shakes out its golden tresses
+from the green flower-cup.
+
+See the tall, round stem--pale green, with tints of red.
+
+What colors do you see in the long, narrow, hooked leaves? Do they grow
+on the flower-stem?
+
+Paint your dandelions with their leaves just as you see them.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Wheat sways heavy, oats are airy,
+    Barley bows a graceful head."
+
+Bring stalks of wheat, oats, and other grains.
+
+Look at the shapes of the heads.
+
+See how each slender stalk holds its beautiful crown.
+
+Paint with ink from grasses, grains, or weeds of slender growth.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+How do you know this plant without seeing its colors?
+
+Paint a shadow picture of this flower, or of some other blossom that is
+a bunch of many little flowers in one head.
+
+Does the blossom droop, or nod, or stand erect?
+
+Show just how each leaf grows on the stem.
+
+Our pictures must tell the truth.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look closely at the two pictures of the chrysanthemum.
+
+See the two ways of painting the same plant.
+
+Which is easier to paint--this flower, or the dandelion?
+
+In what ways is this stem not like the flower-stem of the dandelion?
+
+In what ways are the leaves not like the dandelion leaves?
+
+Can you see the flower-cup?
+
+What colors will you use to paint your flower?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Many fingered maple
+    Spreads her palms on high."
+
+Study the shape of your own bright maple leaf.
+
+Are the leaf stems the same color as the bough?
+
+What do you see where the stems join the bough?
+
+Is your bough bent or straight?
+
+Does it grow smaller toward the end?
+
+What colors do you see in the leaves?
+
+Paint this bit of autumn glory.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Plums on their twigs,
+
+Cherries and figs,
+
+Peaches, pears, and apples,--growing in the sun.
+
+Which fruit is shown in the picture?
+
+Try to find fruit growing.
+
+Paint a twig with leaves and fruit. Use ink.
+
+Show how the leaves and the fruit grow on the bough.
+
+Show true shapes.
+
+[Illustration: "APPLES! RIPE APPLES! WHO'LL BUY?"]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+An apple growing on a twig is as beautiful as a flower.
+
+See how the leaves hide part of the bough.
+
+Paint the shape of the apple with water; drop in fresh, clear colors.
+
+Study the growth and color of the stem.
+
+Paint what you see.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When you painted pussy-willows last year, you painted them in grays. Now
+show them in colors.
+
+The budding twigs of spring often show colors as bright as those of
+flowers.
+
+Look for color in the stems and buds of bushes, and in the tiny twigs of
+many trees.
+
+For willow catkins spring chooses her daintiest colors: soft silvery
+grays; rosy pink; pale green; bits of yellow; and never are two dressed
+alike! Paint them as they look now.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Would you like to tell the story of the life of the bean from seed to
+fruit?
+
+You can tell it by shadow pictures.
+
+Now let us paint its flower and fruit.
+
+Look closely at the shape of each pod.
+
+Show by the stem how your bean grows.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This little wild fellow of the woods is very like another flower we
+love. The other is a queenly lady in pure, spotless white. Her name is
+calla lily. Tell how the two plants are alike; how unlike.
+
+Paint shadow pictures of both.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Alice is glad to find the ground covered with snow this morning. She
+wishes to take her new sled to school.
+
+She sees the bright, blue sky; she sees the snow sparkle in the
+sunlight; she sees the soft violet of the far-off trees.
+
+Paint the little girl and what she sees.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+We have very good times taking care of our goldfish. The beautiful
+shapes darting about in the water glow and flash like the brightest of
+jewels. They seem to have all the colors of the rainbow. We often paint
+them.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Said the rooster, 'I'd have you all know
+    I am nearly the whole of the show;
+        Why, the sun every morn
+        Gets up with the dawn
+    For the purpose of hearing me crow!'"
+
+[Illustration: RHINOCEROS HIPPOPOTAMUS]
+
+Cut pictures to show animals you have seen in a circus parade.
+
+[Illustration: LION TIGRESS ELEPHANT CAMEL]
+
+Look at this picture. See how it shows that the little girl is jumping.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Who can jump the rope without tripping? Alice may try it.
+
+Draw or paint the picture these verses make you see:
+
+    "Over your head, and under your toes,
+    That is the way the merry rope goes.
+    Up with this foot, down with that,
+    Happy heart, go pit-a-pat."
+
+[Illustration:
+
+    This is the way we wash our clothes,
+    wash our clothes, wash our clothes;
+    This is the way we wash our clothes,
+    on a cold and frosty morning!
+
+    This is the way we dry our clothes,
+    dry our clothes, dry our clothes;
+    This is the way we dry our clothes
+    on a cold and frosty morning!]
+
+[Illustration:
+
+    This is the way the ladies walk,
+      ladies walk, ladies walk;
+    This is the way the ladies walk,
+    on a cold and frosty morning!
+
+    This is the way the gentlemen walk,
+      gentlemen walk, gentlemen walk;
+    This is the way the gentlemen walk,
+    on a cold and frosty morning.]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    The children sing in far Japan,
+    The children sing in Spain;
+    The organ with the organ man
+    Is singing in the rain.
+
+Show in a Picture:
+
+1. What you can do to help mother.
+
+2. A game the girls play at recess.
+
+3. What the boys play at recess.
+
+4. What the wind does.
+
+5. Something that can swim.
+
+6. Something that can fly.
+
+7. What you play with at home.
+
+8. What you do in school.
+
+9. What the birds do in the spring.
+
+10. A picnic in the grove.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"Does your little Mary drink tea, Mrs. Brown?"
+
+"Oh, no, Mrs. Bird! but she likes to drink milk out of these pretty
+cups."
+
+"My little Ruth likes the cups, too. You see I have a new tea-set. It
+was my Christmas present. I have a tea-party almost every day."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Sing a song of sixpence,
+        A pocket full of rye;
+    Four-and-twenty blackbirds
+        Baked in a pie.
+
+    When the pie was opened,
+        The birds began to sing;
+    Was not that a dainty dish
+        To set before a King?
+
+    The King was in his counting-house
+        Counting out his money;
+    The Queen was in the parlor,
+        Eating bread and honey.
+
+    The maid was in the garden,
+        Hanging out the clothes;
+    When up came a blackbird,
+        And snapt off her nose.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look over your toys. Choose two you would like to see together in a
+picture.
+
+What would you like with a doll? Why not a drum? Why not a flat-iron and
+a whip?
+
+Why do you like the picture of a tub with a wash-board?
+
+Place your two toys as they look best.
+
+Draw their picture as you see them.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+What dishes do you use in your play kitchen when you are getting ready
+for a tea-party?
+
+Choose two you would like to see together in a picture.
+
+Place them as you think they look best.
+
+Look at them very closely. Be sure to see their true shapes. Draw just
+what you see.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mrs. Marsh was getting ready to take Roy and Grace to spend a week at
+Clear Lake. Grace saw the open trunk.
+
+"Oh, Roy!" said she, "here's our trunk open, ready to be packed. Let's
+pack it ourselves and surprise mother."
+
+"All right! That will be great fun! Then we can take just what we like."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Draw the open trunk.
+
+Draw it after it was packed and closed.
+
+Guess what they put into it.
+
+How do you think mother liked to be surprised in this way?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "When I was down beside the sea
+    A wooden spade they gave to me
+    To dig the sandy shore."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "In the sunlit garden
+      Through the glad spring day,
+    Watch the happy little folk
+      Turning work to play."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mould clay to make a sphere. With thread, cut it into two parts of just
+the same size.
+
+You have cut your sphere into two equal parts. Each is called a
+hemisphere.
+
+Mould clay to make half an apple on a square tablet.
+
+Think how many things shaped like a hemisphere you can mould and draw.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mould a square prism of clay. Draw it standing on a square face. Draw it
+lying on an oblong face.
+
+Think of things shaped like a square prism: things you see out of doors;
+at home; at school; everywhere you go. Tell what you have seen.
+
+Choose some to draw, mould or paint.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mould a square prism of clay.
+
+With thread, cut it into two equal parts like those in the picture. Each
+of these two equal parts is a right tri-prism.
+
+Look at the three oblong faces of your right tri-prism. One face is
+wider than either of the others. When a right tri-prism is resting on
+its widest oblong face, it looks like a roof.
+
+What does it look like in other positions?
+
+Show by drawing or painting.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Draw a circle. Fold and cut it into two equal parts. Each is a
+semicircle.
+
+Place a hemisphere on a book. Raise the book to the level of your eyes.
+Draw the shape of the hemisphere. You have drawn a semicircle.
+
+What plant is shaped like a hemisphere on a round stem?
+
+Do you see how to draw a row of these shapes, or a border of
+semicircles?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+These pictures show you how to get a square and an oblong from a square
+prism.
+
+Draw an oblong four inches long and two inches wide. Draw a three-inch
+square.
+
+Draw an oblong table-cloth with a border of squares in a row.
+
+Lay a row of tablets: first, an oblong; then a square. Draw this border
+on a paper towel.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+One of the drawings on this page is called a right triangle. Can you
+find it?
+
+Think how you can get a right triangle from a right tri-prism.
+
+Lay tablets of the same shape to make a border across the ends of a rug.
+
+Draw a house with a triangle in the roof.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: COLOR CHART]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+What pleasure to paint a window like this, beautiful in shape, beautiful
+in color!
+
+Draw a two-inch square. On this lay tablets--the inch square in the
+center, with semicircles about it. Draw around it. Draw around the
+semicircles.
+
+Paint the shape with water. Drop in the fresh colors and let the water
+blend them.
+
+Finish with the dark edge.
+
+In the two bright circles of color, point out the six rainbow colors:
+yellow, orange, red, violet, blue, green.
+
+Find in the circles the color that is between yellow and orange. These
+two colors are blended in one, named yellow-orange. Find the color
+between red and orange. What two colors are blended in red-orange?
+
+Find the color between red and violet, named red-violet. Why? Find
+blue-violet.
+
+Find blue-green. What two colors blend to make yellow-green? Find it in
+the circles.
+
+How many of these colors are in your stained glass window? Paint another
+window, and watch the colors come.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Draw or paint a picture of the animal you know best.
+
+Draw or paint a row of these shapes, all just alike.
+
+Take pictures of your animal as it looks when it stands; sits up; lies
+down; walks or runs.
+
+Make rows of these shapes. Which row would you like best for a border on
+your book cover?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look at the shapes on these book covers.
+
+In the borders you have made, the shapes have always faced the same way.
+Do these?
+
+Place two sweet-peas, daffodils, or other flowers, as the grasses are
+placed.
+
+Choose those that seem to look toward each other.
+
+Place shapes of animals in the same way.
+
+Draw or paint them on book covers.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This is a good pattern for a floor of wood, or for oil-cloth to cover a
+floor.
+
+You may draw it for your play house.
+
+On an eight-inch square of paper draw sixteen two-inch squares. In the
+center of each, lay an inch tablet. Draw around it.
+
+With the pencil, color the squares like the squares in the picture.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look at bowls at home and in stores. Choose the shape you like best. We
+will make one out of clay.
+
+Does it not seem strange that you can make a lump of moist clay into a
+beautiful bowl?
+
+With the thumbs, press a deep hollow in the lump of clay for the inside
+of the bowl. Press and pull up the outside into the shape you wish. If
+you need more clay, work in a small lump at a time.
+
+Let the bowls stand one day to dry. Then wash the inside with a glaze.
+When the bowl is very dry, it is ready to be baked in the kiln.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This clay match-safe is not so easy to make as the round bowls we have
+made.
+
+Shape a lump of clay like a square prism. With the thumbs, press the
+hollow inside until the bottom is like an oblong tablet.
+
+Press and pull the walls into good shape. Leave square corners. Work in
+the handle.
+
+Let the match-safe stand one day to dry. Then, with the brush, paint
+upon it a row of shapes in red.
+
+When the match-safe is very dry, it may be fired in a kiln.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look at this pattern for wall-paper. It would be good for a bedroom.
+
+You may make your own patterns for different rooms in your house.
+
+Choose your shapes. Think how to place them.
+
+Choose two colors you like to see together. Color with brush or pencil.
+
+Choose the best patterns for your rooms.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+See how this table is made from a box like a cube without a cover. Make
+one.
+
+Look at this stove, and at the one in the play house. We can make such a
+stove.
+
+Make a solid cube of stiff black paper. Cut pieces for doors, covers,
+grate, hearth and pipe. Paste them on. The bottom is a very low box with
+a little larger face than the cube. Make one. If you like, cut out the
+sides to leave wide legs. Paste the bottom of the stove on this base.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Fold, cut, and paste an eight-inch square to make a square prism for the
+seat.
+
+Cut a sheet six inches by eight inches.
+
+Fold and crease two inches from each short edge. Shape the sides. Fold
+around the seat. Paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+To make a short book-mark, fold four strips ten inches long into double
+five-inch strips. Hold two of them side by side in the left hand, with
+the open ends of the outer strip at the top, and the open ends of the
+inner strip at the bottom.
+
+With a third strip in the right hand, pass its two parts around the
+outer strip in the left hand. Pass its two ends between the two parts of
+the inner strip.
+
+Then hold the work in the right hand. With the fourth strip in the left
+hand, pass it around the outer strip and between the parts of the inner
+strip in the right hand. To draw the strips tight, pull the open ends.
+Cut two ends. Trim the other ends. (See the picture.) Paste the parts in
+place. You have made a pretty gift.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Hi, weavers! Ho, weavers!
+    Come, and weave with me!
+    You'll rarely find, go where you will,
+    A happier band than we!"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Choose, for the body of your rug, carpet yarn of a color you will like
+in the room where you will put it.
+
+What color that looks well with this, will you choose for the stripes?
+
+String your loom with one long piece of warp. Draw it so it feels firm.
+Leave long, free ends.
+
+Thread your needle or shuttle, and weave from both ends to the middle.
+
+Lift the rug from the loom when it is woven full.
+
+Run the ends of the warp strings along the sides of the rug; or, tie
+them to the next warp strings.
+
+Is your rug for a hall, a parlor, a dining-room or a bedroom?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "There is work that is work;
+      There is play that is play;
+    There is play that is work;
+      There is work that is play--
+    And one of these four
+      Is the very best way."
+
+
+    Transcriber's note:
+    _Underscores_ have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Text books of art education, v. 2 of 7, by 
+Hugo B. Froehlich and Bonnie E. Snow
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXT BOOKS OF ART EDUCATION ***
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+  <head>
+    <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Text Books of Art Education, by Hugo B. Froehlich.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
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+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Text books of Art Education, v. 2 of 7, by 
+Hugo B. Froehlich and Bonnie E. Snow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Text books of Art Education, v. 2 of 7
+       Book II, Second Year
+
+Author: Hugo B. Froehlich
+        Bonnie E. Snow
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37495]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXT BOOKS OF ART EDUCATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Anna Hall and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">These books were planned in a series of conferences and consultations
+with leading art teachers and educators, among whom were the following:</span></p>
+
+<blockquote><ul class="plain"><li><span class="smcap">Miss Bonnie E. Snow, Formerly Director of Art, Public Schools,
+Minneapolis, Minn.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Miss Wilhelmina Seegmiller, Director of Art, Public Schools,
+Indianapolis, Ind.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Miss Harriette L. Rice, Director of Art, Public Schools,
+Providence, R. I.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Mr. Walter Scott Perry, Director of the Art Department, Pratt
+Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Mrs. M. E. Riley, Director of Art, Public Schools, St. Louis, Mo.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Dr. Hugo M&uuml;nsterberg, Professor of Psychology, Harvard University.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Mrs. Alice W. Cooley, Department of Education, University of North
+Dakota.</span></li>
+
+<li><span class="smcap">Mr. John S. Clark, Boston, Mass.</span></li></ul></blockquote>
+
+
+<h1>TEXT BOOKS OF
+ART EDUCATION</h1>
+
+<h2>BOOK II. / / SECOND YEAR</h2>
+
+<p class="center">BY</p>
+
+<p class="big center">HUGO B. FROEHLICH</p>
+
+<p class="small center">FORMERLY INSTRUCTOR IN PRATT INSTITUTE
+BROOKLYN, N. Y.</p>
+
+<p class="center">AND</p>
+
+<p class="center">BONNIE E. SNOW</p>
+
+<p class="small center">FORMERLY SUPERVISOR OF DRAWING IN THE
+PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
+<img src="images/illl000.jpg" width="100" height="120" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY<br />
+NEW YORK / / BOSTON / / CHICAGO
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Copyright, 1904, By</span><br />
+THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h2>Acknowledgment.</h2>
+
+
+<p>We are indebted to the publishers, Charles Scribner's Sons, for
+permission to use the verses, "At the Seaside" (<a href="#Page_46">page 46</a>), the lines from
+"Good and Bad Children" (<a href="#Page_13">page 13</a>), and the lines from "Singing" (<a href="#Page_36">page
+36</a>)&mdash;all from "A Child's Garden of Verses," by Robert Louis Stevenson;
+to the Macmillan Company for the lines by Christina Rossetti (<a href="#Page_16">page 16</a>);
+to Houghton, Mifflin and Company for the stanza from Longfellow's "The
+Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz" (<a href="#Page_1">page 1</a>).</p>
+
+<p>For the Theory of Color Relations used in these books, special
+acknowledgment is due to Dr. Denman W. Ross, of Harvard University. The
+lessons in Design are preparatory to the fuller exposition in the upper
+books of Dr. Ross's principles of arrangement&mdash;Balance, Rhythm and
+Harmony.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<i>I took a piece of plastic clay,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>And idly fashioned it one day,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>And as my fingers pressed it, still</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>It moved and yielded to my will.</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>I came again when days were past,&mdash;</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>The bit of clay was hard at last.</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>The form I gave it still it bore,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>But I could change that form no more.</i><br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"<i>I took a piece of living clay,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>And gently formed it day by day,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>And moulded, with my power and art,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>A young child's soft and yielding heart.</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>I came again, when years were gone,&mdash;</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>It was a man I looked upon.</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>He still that early impress bore,</i><br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>And I could change it nevermore!</i>"<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus007.jpg" width="500" height="284" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And Nature, the old nurse, took<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The child upon her knee,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Saying; "Here is a story-book<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Thy Father has written for thee."<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></div></div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl002.jpg" width="500" height="344" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Come out of doors with paint-box and brush!</p>
+
+<p>Come to a clear little pool in a meadow!</p>
+
+<p>The world is dressed in blue, yellow and green.</p>
+
+<p>The green in the distant trees looks blue-green; but the color of the
+meadow is yellow-green.</p>
+
+<p>The pool is the color of the sky.</p>
+
+<p>Paint the picture and choose a name for it.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl003.jpg" width="500" height="339" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Autumn likes bright red and yellow, with orange, violet, and deep,
+deep blue.</p>
+
+<p>See how she has dressed our meadow.</p>
+
+<p>Look at the trees and the clear little pool.</p>
+
+<p>What color is the grass? Where is the deep blue?</p>
+
+<p>Where does the violet look more red than blue?</p>
+
+<p>Paint an autumn picture of our meadow.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 288px;">
+<img src="images/illl004.jpg" width="288" height="650" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 288px;">
+<img src="images/illl005.jpg" width="288" height="650" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Name each of these four trees.</p>
+
+<p>Tell how you know them.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<p>Which tree is like a leafy tent or umbrella? Its arms reach far and
+wide to bend over us.</p>
+
+<p>Which tree looks like a spire? Its arms are raised toward the sky.</p>
+
+<p>Which tree stands with trunk tall and straight from the root to the
+pointed top?</p>
+
+<p>See "the brave old oak, with broad green crown and fifty arms so
+strong."</p>
+
+<p>Paint a set of shadow pictures (silhouettes) of the trees you like
+best.</p>
+
+<p>Study the trunk: its shape; its size; the way it sends out its
+branches.</p>
+
+<p>Study the branches: their shapes; their length; the way they
+stretch out, or stretch up, or droop.</p>
+
+<p>Paint the true shape of the whole big tree.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 289px;">
+<img src="images/illl006.jpg" width="289" height="650" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The maple-tree in autumn looks like a great bouquet of reds and
+yellows in a dark vase.</p>
+
+<p>You can tell it from all others by the shape and the color.</p>
+
+<p>Paint the bright bouquet.</p>
+
+<p>Drop in clear colors to show the shape of the maple-tree.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 288px;">
+<img src="images/illl007.jpg" width="288" height="650" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>When the trees are bare of leaves, we see how beautiful the
+branches are.</p>
+
+<p>No two trees stretch out their arms in just the same way. But the
+largest boughs always spring from the big round trunk.</p>
+
+<p>See how the smaller boughs spring from larger ones and rock the
+winter buds in the air.</p>
+
+<p>Paint a tree as it looks in November.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus014.jpg" width="500" height="651" alt="" title="" />
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"There's a ship on the sea<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">And it's sailing to-night, sailing to-night,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And father's aboard, and the moon is all bright.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Dear moon, he'll be sailing for many a night&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sailing from mother and me.<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">O follow the ship with your silvery light,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">As father sails over the sea."<br /></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl009.jpg" width="250" height="372" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Ship, sky and sea in the soft grays of night!</p>
+
+<p>Which is darker, the sky or the sea?</p>
+
+<p>Look at the light in the sky where it seems to meet the sea.</p>
+
+<p>The ship looks darkest gray.</p>
+
+<p>We see it against the lighter grays.</p>
+
+<p>Paint a "ship on the sea, sailing to-night."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl010.jpg" width="500" height="346" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Have you seen how sunset light over snow warms the white to a violet
+glow?</p>
+
+<p>Have you seen an evergreen tree against a sunset sky? The green looks
+very dark.</p>
+
+<p>Have you noticed the beautiful shape of Christmas trees?</p>
+
+<p>Paint a winter sunset, with an evergreen against the sunset sky.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl011.jpg" width="500" height="360" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Words make us see pictures. We can paint the same pictures with the
+brush.</p>
+
+<p>Paint what the next lines make you see.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"A little swerve; a tricky curve,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And such a tumble!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A whirl; a stop; the sled on top;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A merry laugh,&mdash;yet this is not half<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The fun of sliding!"<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus018.jpg" width="500" height="355" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Here is Susan in the rain again! Now there are sky and trees in the
+picture.</p>
+
+<p>Think how the little girl is placed to show that she is walking on the
+ground.</p>
+
+<p>Which is lightest gray&mdash;sky, trees, or ground?</p>
+
+<p>Draw the picture with pencil, or paint it with brush and ink.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illus019.jpg" width="500" height="378" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Happy hearts and happy faces,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Happy play in grassy places."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Do these lines tell the truth about your field-day picnic?</p>
+
+<p>Were you in the fields or in the woods?</p>
+
+<p>Show with brush or pencil the best fun of the day.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl014.jpg" width="500" height="675" alt="" title="" />
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Daisies are dancing, dancing, dancing,&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Daisies are dancing, list to the call<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Sung by the Katydid, gay little fiddler<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">"Come all ye Flowers and dance at the Ball!"<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></div></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl015.jpg" width="250" height="660" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>When the dandelion looks up at the sun, it shakes out its golden tresses
+from the green flower-cup.</p>
+
+<p>See the tall, round stem&mdash;pale green, with tints of red.</p>
+
+<p>What colors do you see in the long, narrow, hooked leaves? Do they grow
+on the flower-stem?</p>
+
+<p>Paint your dandelions with their leaves just as you see them.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl016.jpg" width="250" height="605" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Wheat sways heavy, oats are airy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Barley bows a graceful head."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Bring stalks of wheat, oats, and other grains.</p>
+
+<p>Look at the shapes of the heads.</p>
+
+<p>See how each slender stalk holds its beautiful crown.</p>
+
+<p>Paint with ink from grasses, grains, or weeds of slender growth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl017.jpg" width="250" height="491" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>How do you know this plant without seeing its colors?</p>
+
+<p>Paint a shadow picture of this flower, or of some other blossom that is
+a bunch of many little flowers in one head.</p>
+
+<p>Does the blossom droop, or nod, or stand erect?</p>
+
+<p>Show just how each leaf grows on the stem.</p>
+
+<p>Our pictures must tell the truth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl018.jpg" width="250" height="560" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Look closely at the two pictures of the chrysanthemum.</p>
+
+<p>See the two ways of painting the same plant.</p>
+
+<p>Which is easier to paint&mdash;this flower, or the dandelion?</p>
+
+<p>In what ways is this stem not like the flower-stem of the dandelion?</p>
+
+<p>In what ways are the leaves not like the dandelion leaves?</p>
+
+<p>Can you see the flower-cup?</p>
+
+<p>What colors will you use to paint your flower?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/illl019.jpg" width="300" height="433" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Many fingered maple<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Spreads her palms on high."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Study the shape of your own bright maple leaf.</p>
+
+<p>Are the leaf stems the same color as the bough?</p>
+
+<p>What do you see where the stems join the bough?</p>
+
+<p>Is your bough bent or straight?</p>
+
+<p>Does it grow smaller toward the end?</p>
+
+<p>What colors do you see in the leaves?</p>
+
+<p>Paint this bit of autumn glory.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl020.jpg" width="500" height="218" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Plums on their twigs,</p>
+
+<p>Cherries and figs,</p>
+
+<p>Peaches, pears, and apples,&mdash;growing in the sun.</p>
+
+<p>Which fruit is shown in the picture?</p>
+
+<p>Try to find fruit growing.</p>
+
+<p>Paint a twig with leaves and fruit. Use ink.</p>
+
+<p>Show how the leaves and the fruit grow on the bough.</p>
+
+<p>Show true shapes.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl021.jpg" width="500" height="640" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;APPLES! RIPE APPLES! WHO&#39;LL BUY?&quot;</span>
+</div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl022.jpg" width="500" height="390" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>An apple growing on a twig is as beautiful as a flower.</p>
+
+<p>See how the leaves hide part of the bough.</p>
+
+<p>Paint the shape of the apple with water; drop in fresh, clear colors.</p>
+
+<p>Study the growth and color of the stem.</p>
+
+<p>Paint what you see.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl023.jpg" width="250" height="931" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>When you painted pussy-willows last year, you painted them in grays. Now
+show them in colors.</p>
+
+<p>The budding twigs of spring often show colors as bright as those of
+flowers.</p>
+
+<p>Look for color in the stems and buds of bushes, and in the tiny twigs of
+many trees.</p>
+
+<p>For willow catkins spring chooses her daintiest colors: soft silvery
+grays; rosy pink; pale green; bits of yellow; and never are two dressed
+alike! Paint them as they look now.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl024.jpg" width="500" height="452" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Would you like to tell the story of the life of the bean from seed to
+fruit?</p>
+
+<p>You can tell it by shadow pictures.</p>
+
+<p>Now let us paint its flower and fruit.</p>
+
+<p>Look closely at the shape of each pod.</p>
+
+<p>Show by the stem how your bean grows.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl025.jpg" width="250" height="553" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This little wild fellow of the woods is very like another flower we
+love. The other is a queenly lady in pure, spotless white. Her name is
+calla lily. Tell how the two plants are alike; how unlike.</p>
+
+<p>Paint shadow pictures of both.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl026.jpg" width="500" height="643" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl027.jpg" width="500" height="362" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Alice is glad to find the ground covered with snow this morning. She
+wishes to take her new sled to school.</p>
+
+<p>She sees the bright, blue sky; she sees the snow sparkle in the
+sunlight; she sees the soft violet of the far-off trees.</p>
+
+<p>Paint the little girl and what she sees.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl028.jpg" width="500" height="671" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl029.jpg" width="500" height="590" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illl030.jpg" width="200" height="168" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>We have very good times taking care of our goldfish. The beautiful
+shapes darting about in the water glow and flash like the brightest of
+jewels. They seem to have all the colors of the rainbow. We often paint
+them.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl031.jpg" width="500" height="292" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl032.jpg" width="500" height="432" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Said the rooster, 'I'd have you all know<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">I am nearly the whole of the show;<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Why, the sun every morn<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Gets up with the dawn<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">For the purpose of hearing me crow!'"<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl033.jpg" width="500" height="659" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption">Cut pictures to show animals you have seen in a circus parade.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/illl034.jpg" width="250" height="528" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Look at this picture. See how it shows that the little girl is jumping.</p>
+
+<p>Who can jump the rope without tripping? Alice may try it.</p>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<p>Draw or paint the picture these verses make you see:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Over your head, and under your toes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That is the way the merry rope goes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Up with this foot, down with that,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Happy heart, go pit-a-pat."<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl035.jpg" width="500" height="664" alt="" title="" />
+</div><p><span class="caption">This is the way we wash our clothes,<br />
+wash our clothes, wash our clothes;<br />
+This is the way we wash our clothes,<br />
+on a cold and frosty morning!<br />
+<br />
+This is the way we dry our clothes,<br />
+dry our clothes, dry our clothes;<br />
+This is the way we dry our clothes<br />
+on a cold and frosty morning!<br />
+</span></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl036.jpg" width="500" height="657" alt="" title="" />
+</div><p><span class="caption">This is the way the ladies walk,<br />
+&nbsp; ladies walk, ladies walk;<br />
+This is the way the ladies walk,<br />
+on a cold and frosty morning!<br />
+<br />
+This is the way the gentlemen walk,<br />
+&nbsp; gentlemen walk, gentlemen walk;<br />
+This is the way the gentlemen walk,<br />
+on a cold and frosty morning.<br />
+</span></p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl037.jpg" width="500" height="291" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The children sing in far Japan,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The children sing in Spain;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The organ with the organ man<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Is singing in the rain.<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<p class="center">Show in a Picture:</p>
+
+<p>1. What you can do to help mother.</p>
+
+<p>2. A game the girls play at recess.</p>
+
+<p>3. What the boys play at recess.</p>
+
+<p>4. What the wind does.</p>
+
+<p>5. Something that can swim.</p>
+
+<p>6. Something that can fly.</p>
+
+<p>7. What you play with at home.</p>
+
+<p>8. What you do in school.</p>
+
+<p>9. What the birds do in the spring.</p>
+
+<p>10. A picnic in the grove.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl039.jpg" width="500" height="406" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>"Does your little Mary drink tea, Mrs. Brown?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, no, Mrs. Bird! but she likes to drink milk out of these pretty
+cups."</p>
+
+<p>"My little Ruth likes the cups, too. You see I have a new tea-set. It
+was my Christmas present. I have a tea-party almost every day."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl040.jpg" width="500" height="651" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl041.jpg" width="500" height="655" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Sing a song of sixpence,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">A pocket full of rye;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Four-and-twenty blackbirds<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Baked in a pie.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When the pie was opened,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">The birds began to sing;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Was not that a dainty dish<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">To set before a King?<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The King was in his counting-house<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Counting out his money;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Queen was in the parlor,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Eating bread and honey.<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">The maid was in the garden,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Hanging out the clothes;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">When up came a blackbird,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">And snapt off her nose.<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl042.jpg" width="500" height="346" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Look over your toys. Choose two you would like to see together in a
+picture.</p>
+
+<p>What would you like with a doll? Why not a drum? Why not a flat-iron and
+a whip?</p>
+
+<p>Why do you like the picture of a tub with a wash-board?</p>
+
+<p>Place your two toys as they look best.</p>
+
+<p>Draw their picture as you see them.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl043.jpg" width="500" height="318" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>What dishes do you use in your play kitchen when you are getting ready
+for a tea-party?</p>
+
+<p>Choose two you would like to see together in a picture.</p>
+
+<p>Place them as you think they look best.</p>
+
+<p>Look at them very closely. Be sure to see their true shapes. Draw just
+what you see.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl044.jpg" width="500" height="625" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Marsh was getting ready to take Roy and Grace to spend a week at
+Clear Lake. Grace saw the open trunk.</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, Roy!" said she, "here's our trunk open, ready to be packed. Let's
+pack it ourselves and surprise mother."</p>
+
+<p>"All right! That will be great fun! Then we can take just what we like."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>Draw the open trunk.</p>
+
+<p>Draw it after it was packed and closed.</p>
+
+<p>Guess what they put into it.</p>
+
+<p>How do you think mother liked to be surprised in this way?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl045.jpg" width="500" height="509" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"When I was down beside the sea<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A wooden spade they gave to me<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To dig the sandy shore."<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl046.jpg" width="500" height="396" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"In the sunlit garden<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Through the glad spring day,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Watch the happy little folk<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Turning work to play."<br /></span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl047.jpg" width="500" height="241" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Mould clay to make a sphere. With thread, cut it into two parts of just
+the same size.</p>
+
+<p>You have cut your sphere into two equal parts. Each is called a
+hemisphere.</p>
+
+<p>Mould clay to make half an apple on a square tablet.</p>
+
+<p>Think how many things shaped like a hemisphere you can mould and draw.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl048.jpg" width="500" height="295" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Mould a square prism of clay. Draw it standing on a square face. Draw it
+lying on an oblong face.</p>
+
+<p>Think of things shaped like a square prism: things you see out of doors;
+at home; at school; everywhere you go. Tell what you have seen.</p>
+
+<p>Choose some to draw, mould or paint.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl049.jpg" width="500" height="244" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Mould a square prism of clay.</p>
+
+<p>With thread, cut it into two equal parts like those in the picture. Each
+of these two equal parts is a right tri-prism.</p>
+
+<p>Look at the three oblong faces of your right tri-prism. One face is
+wider than either of the others. When a right tri-prism is resting on
+its widest oblong face, it looks like a roof.</p>
+
+<p>What does it look like in other positions?</p>
+
+<p>Show by drawing or painting.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl050.jpg" width="500" height="278" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Draw a circle. Fold and cut it into two equal parts. Each is a
+semicircle.</p>
+
+<p>Place a hemisphere on a book. Raise the book to the level of your eyes.
+Draw the shape of the hemisphere. You have drawn a semicircle.</p>
+
+<p>What plant is shaped like a hemisphere on a round stem?</p>
+
+<p>Do you see how to draw a row of these shapes, or a border of
+semicircles?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl051.jpg" width="500" height="381" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>These pictures show you how to get a square and an oblong from a square
+prism.</p>
+
+<p>Draw an oblong four inches long and two inches wide. Draw a three-inch
+square.</p>
+
+<p>Draw an oblong table-cloth with a border of squares in a row.</p>
+
+<p>Lay a row of tablets: first, an oblong; then a square. Draw this border
+on a paper towel.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl052.jpg" width="500" height="342" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>One of the drawings on this page is called a right triangle. Can you
+find it?</p>
+
+<p>Think how you can get a right triangle from a right tri-prism.</p>
+
+<p>Lay tablets of the same shape to make a border across the ends of a rug.</p>
+
+<p>Draw a house with a triangle in the roof.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl053.jpg" width="500" height="472" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl054.jpg" width="500" height="528" alt="" title="" />
+<span class="caption">COLOR CHART</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl055.jpg" width="500" height="495" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>What pleasure to paint a window like this, beautiful in shape, beautiful
+in color!</p>
+
+<p>Draw a two-inch square. On this lay tablets&mdash;the inch square in the
+center, with semicircles about it. Draw around it. Draw around the
+semicircles.</p>
+
+<p>Paint the shape with water. Drop in the fresh colors and let the water
+blend them.</p>
+
+<p>Finish with the dark edge.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the two bright circles of color, point out the six rainbow colors:
+yellow, orange, red, violet, blue, green.</p>
+
+<p>Find in the circles the color that is between yellow and orange. These
+two colors are blended in one, named yellow-orange. Find the color
+between red and orange. What two colors are blended in red-orange?</p>
+
+<p>Find the color between red and violet, named red-violet. Why? Find
+blue-violet.</p>
+
+<p>Find blue-green. What two colors blend to make yellow-green? Find it in
+the circles.</p>
+
+<p>How many of these colors are in your stained glass window? Paint another
+window, and watch the colors come.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl056.jpg" width="500" height="263" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Draw or paint a picture of the animal you know best.</p>
+
+<p>Draw or paint a row of these shapes, all just alike.</p>
+
+<p>Take pictures of your animal as it looks when it stands; sits up; lies
+down; walks or runs.</p>
+
+<p>Make rows of these shapes. Which row would you like best for a border on
+your book cover?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl057.jpg" width="500" height="324" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Look at the shapes on these book covers.</p>
+
+<p>In the borders you have made, the shapes have always faced the same way.
+Do these?</p>
+
+<p>Place two sweet-peas, daffodils, or other flowers, as the grasses are
+placed.</p>
+
+<p>Choose those that seem to look toward each other.</p>
+
+<p>Place shapes of animals in the same way.</p>
+
+<p>Draw or paint them on book covers.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl058.jpg" width="500" height="259" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This is a good pattern for a floor of wood, or for oil-cloth to cover a
+floor.</p>
+
+<p>You may draw it for your play house.</p>
+
+<p>On an eight-inch square of paper draw sixteen two-inch squares. In the
+center of each, lay an inch tablet. Draw around it.</p>
+
+<p>With the pencil, color the squares like the squares in the picture.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl059.jpg" width="500" height="267" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Look at bowls at home and in stores. Choose the shape you like best. We
+will make one out of clay.</p>
+
+<p>Does it not seem strange that you can make a lump of moist clay into a
+beautiful bowl?</p>
+
+<p>With the thumbs, press a deep hollow in the lump of clay for the inside
+of the bowl. Press and pull up the outside into the shape you wish. If
+you need more clay, work in a small lump at a time.</p>
+
+<p>Let the bowls stand one day to dry. Then wash the inside with a glaze.
+When the bowl is very dry, it is ready to be baked in the kiln.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl060.jpg" width="500" height="332" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This clay match-safe is not so easy to make as the round bowls we have
+made.</p>
+
+<p>Shape a lump of clay like a square prism. With the thumbs, press the
+hollow inside until the bottom is like an oblong tablet.</p>
+
+<p>Press and pull the walls into good shape. Leave square corners. Work in
+the handle.</p>
+
+<p>Let the match-safe stand one day to dry. Then, with the brush, paint
+upon it a row of shapes in red.</p>
+
+<p>When the match-safe is very dry, it may be fired in a kiln.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl061.jpg" width="500" height="558" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl062.jpg" width="500" height="367" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Look at this pattern for wall-paper. It would be good for a bedroom.</p>
+
+<p>You may make your own patterns for different rooms in your house.</p>
+
+<p>Choose your shapes. Think how to place them.</p>
+
+<p>Choose two colors you like to see together. Color with brush or pencil.</p>
+
+<p>Choose the best patterns for your rooms.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl063.jpg" width="500" height="631" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl064.jpg" width="500" height="226" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>See how this table is made from a box like a cube without a cover. Make
+one.</p>
+
+<p>Look at this stove, and at the one in the play house. We can make such a
+stove.</p>
+
+<p>Make a solid cube of stiff black paper. Cut pieces for doors, covers,
+grate, hearth and pipe. Paste them on. The bottom is a very low box with
+a little larger face than the cube. Make one. If you like, cut out the
+sides to leave wide legs. Paste the bottom of the stove on this base.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl065.jpg" width="500" height="410" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Fold, cut, and paste an eight-inch square to make a square prism for the
+seat.</p>
+
+<p>Cut a sheet six inches by eight inches.</p>
+
+<p>Fold and crease two inches from each short edge. Shape the sides. Fold
+around the seat. Paste.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl066.jpg" width="500" height="645" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>To make a short book-mark, fold four strips ten inches long into double
+five-inch strips. Hold two of them side by side in the left hand, with
+the open ends of the outer strip at the top, and the open ends of the
+inner strip at the bottom.</p>
+
+<p>With a third strip in the right hand, pass its two parts around the
+outer strip in the left hand. Pass its two ends between the two parts of
+the inner strip.</p>
+
+<p>Then hold the work in the right hand. With the fourth strip in the left
+hand, pass it around the outer strip and between the parts of the inner
+strip in the right hand. To draw the strips tight, pull the open ends.
+Cut two ends. Trim the other ends. (See the picture.) Paste the parts in
+place. You have made a pretty gift.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl067.jpg" width="500" height="648" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px;">
+<img src="images/illl068.jpg" width="200" height="241" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="invisible" style="width: 95%;" />
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Hi, weavers! Ho, weavers!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Come, and weave with me!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">You'll rarely find, go where you will,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A happier band than we!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl069.jpg" width="500" height="281" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Choose, for the body of your rug, carpet yarn of a color you will like
+in the room where you will put it.</p>
+
+<p>What color that looks well with this, will you choose for the stripes?</p>
+
+<p>String your loom with one long piece of warp. Draw it so it feels firm.
+Leave long, free ends.</p>
+
+<p>Thread your needle or shuttle, and weave from both ends to the middle.</p>
+
+<p>Lift the rug from the loom when it is woven full.</p>
+
+<p>Run the ends of the warp strings along the sides of the rug; or, tie
+them to the next warp strings.</p>
+
+<p>Is your rug for a hall, a parlor, a dining-room or a bedroom?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/illl070.jpg" width="500" height="424" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"There is work that is work;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">There is play that is play;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">There is play that is work;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">There is work that is play&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And one of these four<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Is the very best way."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Text books of Art Education, v. 2 of 7, by 
+Hugo B. Froehlich and Bonnie E. Snow
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXT BOOKS OF ART EDUCATION ***
+
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Text books of Art Education, v. 2 of 7, by
+Hugo B. Froehlich and Bonnie E. Snow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Text books of Art Education, v. 2 of 7
+       Book II, Second Year
+
+Author: Hugo B. Froehlich
+        Bonnie E. Snow
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37495]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXT BOOKS OF ART EDUCATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Anna Hall and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THESE BOOKS WERE PLANNED IN A SERIES OF CONFERENCES AND CONSULTATIONS
+WITH LEADING ART TEACHERS AND EDUCATORS, AMONG WHOM WERE THE FOLLOWING:
+
+  MISS BONNIE E. SNOW, FORMERLY DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
+    MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
+
+  MISS WILHELMINA SEEGMILLER, DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS,
+    INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
+
+  MISS HARRIETTE L. RICE, DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PROVIDENCE,
+    R. I.
+
+  MR. WALTER SCOTT PERRY, DIRECTOR OF THE ART DEPARTMENT, PRATT
+    INSTITUTE, BROOKLYN, N. Y.
+
+  MRS. M. E. RILEY, DIRECTOR OF ART, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, ST. LOUIS, MO.
+
+  DR. HUGO MUENSTERBERG, PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
+
+  MRS. ALICE W. COOLEY, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH
+    DAKOTA.
+
+  MR. JOHN S. CLARK, BOSTON, MASS.
+
+
+
+
+  TEXT BOOKS OF
+  ART EDUCATION
+
+  BOOK II. / / SECOND YEAR
+
+  BY
+
+  HUGO B. FROEHLICH
+
+  FORMERLY INSTRUCTOR IN PRATT INSTITUTE
+  BROOKLYN, N. Y.
+
+  AND
+
+  BONNIE E. SNOW
+
+  FORMERLY SUPERVISOR OF DRAWING IN THE
+  PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
+
+  [Illustration]
+
+  THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY
+  NEW YORK / / BOSTON / / CHICAGO
+
+
+
+
+  COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY
+  THE PRANG EDUCATIONAL COMPANY.
+
+
+
+
+Acknowledgment.
+
+
+We are indebted to the publishers, Charles Scribner's Sons, for
+permission to use the verses, "At the Seaside" (page 46), the lines from
+"Good and Bad Children" (page 13), and the lines from "Singing" (page
+36)--all from "A Child's Garden of Verses," by Robert Louis Stevenson;
+to the Macmillan Company for the lines by Christina Rossetti (page 16);
+to Houghton, Mifflin and Company for the stanza from Longfellow's "The
+Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz" (page 1).
+
+For the Theory of Color Relations used in these books, special
+acknowledgment is due to Dr. Denman W. Ross, of Harvard University. The
+lessons in Design are preparatory to the fuller exposition in the upper
+books of Dr. Ross's principles of arrangement--Balance, Rhythm and
+Harmony.
+
+    "_I took a piece of plastic clay,
+    And idly fashioned it one day,
+    And as my fingers pressed it, still
+    It moved and yielded to my will.
+    I came again when days were past,--
+    The bit of clay was hard at last.
+    The form I gave it still it bore,
+    But I could change that form no more._
+
+    "_I took a piece of living clay,
+    And gently formed it day by day,
+    And moulded, with my power and art,
+    A young child's soft and yielding heart.
+    I came again, when years were gone,--
+    It was a man I looked upon.
+    He still that early impress bore,
+    And I could change it nevermore!_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    And Nature, the old nurse, took
+    The child upon her knee,
+    Saying; "Here is a story-book
+    Thy Father has written for thee."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Come out of doors with paint-box and brush!
+
+Come to a clear little pool in a meadow!
+
+The world is dressed in blue, yellow and green.
+
+The green in the distant trees looks blue-green; but the color of the
+meadow is yellow-green.
+
+The pool is the color of the sky.
+
+Paint the picture and choose a name for it.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Autumn likes bright red and yellow, with orange, violet, and deep, deep
+blue.
+
+See how she has dressed our meadow.
+
+Look at the trees and the clear little pool.
+
+What color is the grass? Where is the deep blue?
+
+Where does the violet look more red than blue?
+
+Paint an autumn picture of our meadow.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Name each of these four trees.
+
+Tell how you know them.
+
+Which tree is like a leafy tent or umbrella? Its arms reach far and wide
+to bend over us.
+
+Which tree looks like a spire? Its arms are raised toward the sky.
+
+Which tree stands with trunk tall and straight from the root to the
+pointed top?
+
+See "the brave old oak, with broad green crown and fifty arms so
+strong."
+
+Paint a set of shadow pictures (silhouettes) of the trees you like best.
+
+Study the trunk: its shape; its size; the way it sends out its branches.
+
+Study the branches: their shapes; their length; the way they stretch
+out, or stretch up, or droop.
+
+Paint the true shape of the whole big tree.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The maple-tree in autumn looks like a great bouquet of reds and yellows
+in a dark vase.
+
+You can tell it from all others by the shape and the color.
+
+Paint the bright bouquet.
+
+Drop in clear colors to show the shape of the maple-tree.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When the trees are bare of leaves, we see how beautiful the branches
+are.
+
+No two trees stretch out their arms in just the same way. But the
+largest boughs always spring from the big round trunk.
+
+See how the smaller boughs spring from larger ones and rock the winter
+buds in the air.
+
+Paint a tree as it looks in November.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+    "There's a ship on the sea
+      And it's sailing to-night, sailing to-night,--
+    And father's aboard, and the moon is all bright.
+      Dear moon, he'll be sailing for many a night--
+    Sailing from mother and me.
+      O follow the ship with your silvery light,
+    As father sails over the sea."]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Ship, sky and sea in the soft grays of night!
+
+Which is darker, the sky or the sea?
+
+Look at the light in the sky where it seems to meet the sea.
+
+The ship looks darkest gray.
+
+We see it against the lighter grays.
+
+Paint a "ship on the sea, sailing to-night."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Have you seen how sunset light over snow warms the white to a violet
+glow?
+
+Have you seen an evergreen tree against a sunset sky? The green looks
+very dark.
+
+Have you noticed the beautiful shape of Christmas trees?
+
+Paint a winter sunset, with an evergreen against the sunset sky.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Words make us see pictures. We can paint the same pictures with the
+brush.
+
+Paint what the next lines make you see.
+
+    "A little swerve; a tricky curve,--
+    And such a tumble!
+    A whirl; a stop; the sled on top;
+    A merry laugh,--yet this is not half
+    The fun of sliding!"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Here is Susan in the rain again! Now there are sky and trees in the
+picture.
+
+Think how the little girl is placed to show that she is walking on the
+ground.
+
+Which is lightest gray--sky, trees, or ground?
+
+Draw the picture with pencil, or paint it with brush and ink.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Happy hearts and happy faces,
+    Happy play in grassy places."
+
+Do these lines tell the truth about your field-day picnic?
+
+Were you in the fields or in the woods?
+
+Show with brush or pencil the best fun of the day.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Daisies are dancing, dancing, dancing,--
+      Daisies are dancing, list to the call
+    Sung by the Katydid, gay little fiddler
+      "Come all ye Flowers and dance at the Ball!"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When the dandelion looks up at the sun, it shakes out its golden tresses
+from the green flower-cup.
+
+See the tall, round stem--pale green, with tints of red.
+
+What colors do you see in the long, narrow, hooked leaves? Do they grow
+on the flower-stem?
+
+Paint your dandelions with their leaves just as you see them.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Wheat sways heavy, oats are airy,
+    Barley bows a graceful head."
+
+Bring stalks of wheat, oats, and other grains.
+
+Look at the shapes of the heads.
+
+See how each slender stalk holds its beautiful crown.
+
+Paint with ink from grasses, grains, or weeds of slender growth.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+How do you know this plant without seeing its colors?
+
+Paint a shadow picture of this flower, or of some other blossom that is
+a bunch of many little flowers in one head.
+
+Does the blossom droop, or nod, or stand erect?
+
+Show just how each leaf grows on the stem.
+
+Our pictures must tell the truth.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look closely at the two pictures of the chrysanthemum.
+
+See the two ways of painting the same plant.
+
+Which is easier to paint--this flower, or the dandelion?
+
+In what ways is this stem not like the flower-stem of the dandelion?
+
+In what ways are the leaves not like the dandelion leaves?
+
+Can you see the flower-cup?
+
+What colors will you use to paint your flower?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Many fingered maple
+    Spreads her palms on high."
+
+Study the shape of your own bright maple leaf.
+
+Are the leaf stems the same color as the bough?
+
+What do you see where the stems join the bough?
+
+Is your bough bent or straight?
+
+Does it grow smaller toward the end?
+
+What colors do you see in the leaves?
+
+Paint this bit of autumn glory.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Plums on their twigs,
+
+Cherries and figs,
+
+Peaches, pears, and apples,--growing in the sun.
+
+Which fruit is shown in the picture?
+
+Try to find fruit growing.
+
+Paint a twig with leaves and fruit. Use ink.
+
+Show how the leaves and the fruit grow on the bough.
+
+Show true shapes.
+
+[Illustration: "APPLES! RIPE APPLES! WHO'LL BUY?"]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+An apple growing on a twig is as beautiful as a flower.
+
+See how the leaves hide part of the bough.
+
+Paint the shape of the apple with water; drop in fresh, clear colors.
+
+Study the growth and color of the stem.
+
+Paint what you see.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+When you painted pussy-willows last year, you painted them in grays. Now
+show them in colors.
+
+The budding twigs of spring often show colors as bright as those of
+flowers.
+
+Look for color in the stems and buds of bushes, and in the tiny twigs of
+many trees.
+
+For willow catkins spring chooses her daintiest colors: soft silvery
+grays; rosy pink; pale green; bits of yellow; and never are two dressed
+alike! Paint them as they look now.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Would you like to tell the story of the life of the bean from seed to
+fruit?
+
+You can tell it by shadow pictures.
+
+Now let us paint its flower and fruit.
+
+Look closely at the shape of each pod.
+
+Show by the stem how your bean grows.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This little wild fellow of the woods is very like another flower we
+love. The other is a queenly lady in pure, spotless white. Her name is
+calla lily. Tell how the two plants are alike; how unlike.
+
+Paint shadow pictures of both.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Alice is glad to find the ground covered with snow this morning. She
+wishes to take her new sled to school.
+
+She sees the bright, blue sky; she sees the snow sparkle in the
+sunlight; she sees the soft violet of the far-off trees.
+
+Paint the little girl and what she sees.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+We have very good times taking care of our goldfish. The beautiful
+shapes darting about in the water glow and flash like the brightest of
+jewels. They seem to have all the colors of the rainbow. We often paint
+them.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Said the rooster, 'I'd have you all know
+    I am nearly the whole of the show;
+        Why, the sun every morn
+        Gets up with the dawn
+    For the purpose of hearing me crow!'"
+
+[Illustration: RHINOCEROS HIPPOPOTAMUS]
+
+Cut pictures to show animals you have seen in a circus parade.
+
+[Illustration: LION TIGRESS ELEPHANT CAMEL]
+
+Look at this picture. See how it shows that the little girl is jumping.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Who can jump the rope without tripping? Alice may try it.
+
+Draw or paint the picture these verses make you see:
+
+    "Over your head, and under your toes,
+    That is the way the merry rope goes.
+    Up with this foot, down with that,
+    Happy heart, go pit-a-pat."
+
+[Illustration:
+
+    This is the way we wash our clothes,
+    wash our clothes, wash our clothes;
+    This is the way we wash our clothes,
+    on a cold and frosty morning!
+
+    This is the way we dry our clothes,
+    dry our clothes, dry our clothes;
+    This is the way we dry our clothes
+    on a cold and frosty morning!]
+
+[Illustration:
+
+    This is the way the ladies walk,
+      ladies walk, ladies walk;
+    This is the way the ladies walk,
+    on a cold and frosty morning!
+
+    This is the way the gentlemen walk,
+      gentlemen walk, gentlemen walk;
+    This is the way the gentlemen walk,
+    on a cold and frosty morning.]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    The children sing in far Japan,
+    The children sing in Spain;
+    The organ with the organ man
+    Is singing in the rain.
+
+Show in a Picture:
+
+1. What you can do to help mother.
+
+2. A game the girls play at recess.
+
+3. What the boys play at recess.
+
+4. What the wind does.
+
+5. Something that can swim.
+
+6. Something that can fly.
+
+7. What you play with at home.
+
+8. What you do in school.
+
+9. What the birds do in the spring.
+
+10. A picnic in the grove.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"Does your little Mary drink tea, Mrs. Brown?"
+
+"Oh, no, Mrs. Bird! but she likes to drink milk out of these pretty
+cups."
+
+"My little Ruth likes the cups, too. You see I have a new tea-set. It
+was my Christmas present. I have a tea-party almost every day."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Sing a song of sixpence,
+        A pocket full of rye;
+    Four-and-twenty blackbirds
+        Baked in a pie.
+
+    When the pie was opened,
+        The birds began to sing;
+    Was not that a dainty dish
+        To set before a King?
+
+    The King was in his counting-house
+        Counting out his money;
+    The Queen was in the parlor,
+        Eating bread and honey.
+
+    The maid was in the garden,
+        Hanging out the clothes;
+    When up came a blackbird,
+        And snapt off her nose.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look over your toys. Choose two you would like to see together in a
+picture.
+
+What would you like with a doll? Why not a drum? Why not a flat-iron and
+a whip?
+
+Why do you like the picture of a tub with a wash-board?
+
+Place your two toys as they look best.
+
+Draw their picture as you see them.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+What dishes do you use in your play kitchen when you are getting ready
+for a tea-party?
+
+Choose two you would like to see together in a picture.
+
+Place them as you think they look best.
+
+Look at them very closely. Be sure to see their true shapes. Draw just
+what you see.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mrs. Marsh was getting ready to take Roy and Grace to spend a week at
+Clear Lake. Grace saw the open trunk.
+
+"Oh, Roy!" said she, "here's our trunk open, ready to be packed. Let's
+pack it ourselves and surprise mother."
+
+"All right! That will be great fun! Then we can take just what we like."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Draw the open trunk.
+
+Draw it after it was packed and closed.
+
+Guess what they put into it.
+
+How do you think mother liked to be surprised in this way?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "When I was down beside the sea
+    A wooden spade they gave to me
+    To dig the sandy shore."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "In the sunlit garden
+      Through the glad spring day,
+    Watch the happy little folk
+      Turning work to play."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mould clay to make a sphere. With thread, cut it into two parts of just
+the same size.
+
+You have cut your sphere into two equal parts. Each is called a
+hemisphere.
+
+Mould clay to make half an apple on a square tablet.
+
+Think how many things shaped like a hemisphere you can mould and draw.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mould a square prism of clay. Draw it standing on a square face. Draw it
+lying on an oblong face.
+
+Think of things shaped like a square prism: things you see out of doors;
+at home; at school; everywhere you go. Tell what you have seen.
+
+Choose some to draw, mould or paint.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mould a square prism of clay.
+
+With thread, cut it into two equal parts like those in the picture. Each
+of these two equal parts is a right tri-prism.
+
+Look at the three oblong faces of your right tri-prism. One face is
+wider than either of the others. When a right tri-prism is resting on
+its widest oblong face, it looks like a roof.
+
+What does it look like in other positions?
+
+Show by drawing or painting.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Draw a circle. Fold and cut it into two equal parts. Each is a
+semicircle.
+
+Place a hemisphere on a book. Raise the book to the level of your eyes.
+Draw the shape of the hemisphere. You have drawn a semicircle.
+
+What plant is shaped like a hemisphere on a round stem?
+
+Do you see how to draw a row of these shapes, or a border of
+semicircles?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+These pictures show you how to get a square and an oblong from a square
+prism.
+
+Draw an oblong four inches long and two inches wide. Draw a three-inch
+square.
+
+Draw an oblong table-cloth with a border of squares in a row.
+
+Lay a row of tablets: first, an oblong; then a square. Draw this border
+on a paper towel.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+One of the drawings on this page is called a right triangle. Can you
+find it?
+
+Think how you can get a right triangle from a right tri-prism.
+
+Lay tablets of the same shape to make a border across the ends of a rug.
+
+Draw a house with a triangle in the roof.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: COLOR CHART]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+What pleasure to paint a window like this, beautiful in shape, beautiful
+in color!
+
+Draw a two-inch square. On this lay tablets--the inch square in the
+center, with semicircles about it. Draw around it. Draw around the
+semicircles.
+
+Paint the shape with water. Drop in the fresh colors and let the water
+blend them.
+
+Finish with the dark edge.
+
+In the two bright circles of color, point out the six rainbow colors:
+yellow, orange, red, violet, blue, green.
+
+Find in the circles the color that is between yellow and orange. These
+two colors are blended in one, named yellow-orange. Find the color
+between red and orange. What two colors are blended in red-orange?
+
+Find the color between red and violet, named red-violet. Why? Find
+blue-violet.
+
+Find blue-green. What two colors blend to make yellow-green? Find it in
+the circles.
+
+How many of these colors are in your stained glass window? Paint another
+window, and watch the colors come.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Draw or paint a picture of the animal you know best.
+
+Draw or paint a row of these shapes, all just alike.
+
+Take pictures of your animal as it looks when it stands; sits up; lies
+down; walks or runs.
+
+Make rows of these shapes. Which row would you like best for a border on
+your book cover?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look at the shapes on these book covers.
+
+In the borders you have made, the shapes have always faced the same way.
+Do these?
+
+Place two sweet-peas, daffodils, or other flowers, as the grasses are
+placed.
+
+Choose those that seem to look toward each other.
+
+Place shapes of animals in the same way.
+
+Draw or paint them on book covers.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This is a good pattern for a floor of wood, or for oil-cloth to cover a
+floor.
+
+You may draw it for your play house.
+
+On an eight-inch square of paper draw sixteen two-inch squares. In the
+center of each, lay an inch tablet. Draw around it.
+
+With the pencil, color the squares like the squares in the picture.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look at bowls at home and in stores. Choose the shape you like best. We
+will make one out of clay.
+
+Does it not seem strange that you can make a lump of moist clay into a
+beautiful bowl?
+
+With the thumbs, press a deep hollow in the lump of clay for the inside
+of the bowl. Press and pull up the outside into the shape you wish. If
+you need more clay, work in a small lump at a time.
+
+Let the bowls stand one day to dry. Then wash the inside with a glaze.
+When the bowl is very dry, it is ready to be baked in the kiln.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This clay match-safe is not so easy to make as the round bowls we have
+made.
+
+Shape a lump of clay like a square prism. With the thumbs, press the
+hollow inside until the bottom is like an oblong tablet.
+
+Press and pull the walls into good shape. Leave square corners. Work in
+the handle.
+
+Let the match-safe stand one day to dry. Then, with the brush, paint
+upon it a row of shapes in red.
+
+When the match-safe is very dry, it may be fired in a kiln.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Look at this pattern for wall-paper. It would be good for a bedroom.
+
+You may make your own patterns for different rooms in your house.
+
+Choose your shapes. Think how to place them.
+
+Choose two colors you like to see together. Color with brush or pencil.
+
+Choose the best patterns for your rooms.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+See how this table is made from a box like a cube without a cover. Make
+one.
+
+Look at this stove, and at the one in the play house. We can make such a
+stove.
+
+Make a solid cube of stiff black paper. Cut pieces for doors, covers,
+grate, hearth and pipe. Paste them on. The bottom is a very low box with
+a little larger face than the cube. Make one. If you like, cut out the
+sides to leave wide legs. Paste the bottom of the stove on this base.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Fold, cut, and paste an eight-inch square to make a square prism for the
+seat.
+
+Cut a sheet six inches by eight inches.
+
+Fold and crease two inches from each short edge. Shape the sides. Fold
+around the seat. Paste.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+To make a short book-mark, fold four strips ten inches long into double
+five-inch strips. Hold two of them side by side in the left hand, with
+the open ends of the outer strip at the top, and the open ends of the
+inner strip at the bottom.
+
+With a third strip in the right hand, pass its two parts around the
+outer strip in the left hand. Pass its two ends between the two parts of
+the inner strip.
+
+Then hold the work in the right hand. With the fourth strip in the left
+hand, pass it around the outer strip and between the parts of the inner
+strip in the right hand. To draw the strips tight, pull the open ends.
+Cut two ends. Trim the other ends. (See the picture.) Paste the parts in
+place. You have made a pretty gift.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "Hi, weavers! Ho, weavers!
+    Come, and weave with me!
+    You'll rarely find, go where you will,
+    A happier band than we!"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Choose, for the body of your rug, carpet yarn of a color you will like
+in the room where you will put it.
+
+What color that looks well with this, will you choose for the stripes?
+
+String your loom with one long piece of warp. Draw it so it feels firm.
+Leave long, free ends.
+
+Thread your needle or shuttle, and weave from both ends to the middle.
+
+Lift the rug from the loom when it is woven full.
+
+Run the ends of the warp strings along the sides of the rug; or, tie
+them to the next warp strings.
+
+Is your rug for a hall, a parlor, a dining-room or a bedroom?
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    "There is work that is work;
+      There is play that is play;
+    There is play that is work;
+      There is work that is play--
+    And one of these four
+      Is the very best way."
+
+
+    Transcriber's note:
+    _Underscores_ have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Text books of Art Education, v. 2 of 7, by
+Hugo B. Froehlich and Bonnie E. Snow
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TEXT BOOKS OF ART EDUCATION ***
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