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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42781 ***
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are indicated by footnotes to the relevant item.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{1}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 166.]
+SATURDAY, JANUARY 1. 1853
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                              Page
+  Our Seventh Volume                                             1
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+  Proclamations of the Society of Antiquaries, and their
+    Value as Historical Evidences, by John Bruce                 3
+
+  Curiosities of Advertising Literature, by Cuthbert Bede        4
+
+  On a Passage in "King Henry VIII.," Act III. Sc. 2., by
+    S. W. Singer                                                 5
+
+  Notes on Bacon's Essays, by P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.           6
+
+  Latin Poems in connexion with Waterloo, by Lord Braybrooke     6
+
+  Sir Henry Wotton and Milton, by Bolton Corney                  7
+
+  FOLK LORE:--Unlucky to sell Eggs after Sunset--
+    Old Song--Nursery Tale--Legend of Change                     7
+
+  Passage in Hamlet                                              8
+
+  Volcanic Influence on the Weather, by Rev. Wm. S. Hesledon     9
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Value of MSS.--Robert Hill--English
+    Orthography--Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735--Epitaph
+    on a Sexton                                                  9
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Eustache de Saint Pierre, by Philip S. King                   10
+
+  Devizes, Origin of: a Question for the Heralds, by J. Waylen  11
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Gold Signet Ring--Ecclesia
+    Anglicana--Tangiers: English Army in 1684--Smith--
+    Termination "-itis"--Loak Hen--Etymological Traces of the
+    Social Position of our Ancestors--Locke's Writings--
+    Passage in Göthe's "Faust"--Schomberg's Epitaph by
+    Swift--The Burial Service said by Heart--Shaw's
+    Staffordshire MSS.--"Ne'er to these chambers," &c.--
+    County History Societies--Hugh Oldham, Bishop of
+    Exeter--The English Domestic Novel--Dr. Young--Bishop
+    Hall's Meditations--Chatterton--Passage in Job--Turner's
+    View of Lambeth Palace--Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness
+    of Mathematical Learning--"The General Pardon"              12
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Edward the Confessor's
+    Ring--The Bourbons                                          15
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Emblems                                                       15
+
+  Marriages en Chemise--Mantelkinder--Legitimation, by
+    E. Smirke, &c.                                              17
+
+  Editions of the Prayer-Book prior to 1662, by Archdeacon
+    Cotton                                                      18
+
+  Etymology of Pearl, by Sir J. Emerson Tennant, &c.            18
+
+  "Martin Drunk," by Dr. E. F. Rimbault                         19
+
+  Göthe's Reply to Nicolai                                      19
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Processes upon
+    Paper--Exhibition of Photography at the Society of Arts     20
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Quotation in Locke--Pic-nic--
+    Discovery at Nuneham Regis--Door-head Inscriptions--Cross
+    and Pile--Rhymes upon Places--[Greek: Arnion]--Who was
+    the greatest General?--Beech-trees struck by Lightning--
+    Passage in Tennyson--Inscriptions in Churches--
+    Dutensiana--Early Phonography--Kentish Local Names;
+    Dray--Monument at Modstena--Book-plates--"World without
+    end," &c.                                                   23
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                  28
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                     28
+
+  Advertisements                                                28
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+OUR SEVENTH VOLUME.
+
+We might, without any offence against truth or modesty, begin our Seventh
+Volume by congratulating ourselves and our Readers on the continued success
+and increasing circulation of our work. As to Truth, our Readers can only
+judge in part, and must take our word for the rest; but they may see enough
+in our pages to lead them to do so. Let them but look at the signatures
+which from time to time appear in our columns, and they will see enough to
+prove that we have the sanction of a list of names, high in literary
+reputation, such as it might seem ostentatious to parade in our columns on
+an occasion like the present. We abstain the more readily, because we have
+felt it our duty to do the thing so frequently and fully in our
+prospectuses. And as to Modesty, can there be any want of it in saying that
+with such--or perhaps we should say by such--contributors we have produced
+a work which the public has found acceptable? With such contributors, and
+others whom we should be proud to name with them, if they had given names
+which we cannot but know, but do not feel authorised to decypher--with such
+help, what sort of animal must an editor be who could fail to make a work
+worth reading? In fact, if not our highest praise, it is the plainest proof
+of the value of our publication, that we have done little or nothing except
+to give the reader the greatest possible quantity of matter in a legible
+form, wholly unassisted by graphic ornament or artistic decoration of any
+kind--without even the attraction of politics, scandal, or polemics.
+
+Our pride is that we are useful; and that fact is proved by another to
+which it has given rise, namely, that we are favoured with many more
+contributions than we can possibly find room for; and therefore, instead of
+employing the occasion which offers for a few words with our Readers, by
+way of introduction to a new Volume, in any protracted remarks on what we
+have done, we would rather confer with them on the ways and means of doing
+more.
+
+In the first place, let us say explicitly that we do not mean by the most
+obvious method of increasing the bulk of our publication. It is quite clear
+that we {2} could print twice as much on twice as many pages; but this is
+not what we mean. Those who refer to our earliest Numbers will see "how we
+are grown," and we are perfectly convinced that we are now quite grown
+up--that our quantity (to change the figure) is quite as much as our
+company wish to see set on the table at once, and our price quite as
+agreeable as if it were larger; for to enlarge the work without enlarging
+the price would be quite out of the question.
+
+But, in the course of what we may now call considerable experience, during
+which we have seen the work grow up into the form which it now wears, we
+have been led to think, that if our friends will allow us to offer a few
+suggestions (on which some of them may perhaps improve), we may be able,
+with the same space and cost, to oblige more Correspondents; and not only
+by that means, but by rendering our information more select and valuable,
+increase the gratification of our Readers.
+
+Our name suggests the idea of a work consisting of two parts; and, with
+regard to the first, we can only offer such obvious remarks as, that the
+more a writer condenses what he has to say, the less room his communication
+will occupy in print--and the less room he occupies, the more he will leave
+for others, &c. These are weighty and important truths, but such as we need
+not insist on.
+
+But when we look at the other part, passing under the single name of
+"QUERIES," it becomes obvious that our work, instead of having, as its
+title would import, what Sir Thomas Browne calls a "bicapitous
+conformation," does in fact consist of three parts, which must be ranged
+under three different heads, and dealt with in three different ways. A
+little, modest, demure-looking QUERY slips into print, and by the time it
+has been in print a fortnight, we find that it has a large family of
+REPLIES, who all come about it, and claim a settlement on the ground of
+their parentage.
+
+Now, it is on this matter that we think some improvement may be made. We
+would not on any account diminish our number of QUERIES, and would wish
+even our NOTES to be notes of interrogation as well as information. But
+between QUERIES and REPLIES, notwithstanding their family connexion, there
+is an essential difference. In every case the QUERY, in order to its
+answering the end for which it is proposed, must be public; but in a great
+many cases the REPLY need not be so. The QUERY may be a very proper and
+curious one, and interesting in a high degree to the proposer and several
+other persons, but the REPLY to it may involve details not generally
+interesting.[1] We shall not be thought to discourage such inquiries (while
+we consider the opportunity which we afford for making them one of the most
+valuable features of our work) if we illustrate this by suggesting that A.
+wishes for genealogical or family history; B. wants to know what the author
+of such or such a book which he is editing means by such or such a
+reference; C., who is editing another, wants a collation of this or that
+edition; D., who is writing a third book, in order to correct and enrich
+it, wants as many things (and heartily glad should we be to help him to get
+them) as would occupy half-a-dozen of our Numbers; and so we might go on,
+were it not quite unnecessary to pursue in detail the illustration of what
+is so plain. Now it has occurred to us, that if Correspondents who wish to
+make inquiries, the answers to which would obviously be of no general
+interest, would, with their Query, enclose a stamped envelope, directed in
+any way which they may think proper, it would often be in our power not
+only to transmit to them answers to their inquiries, but to put them in
+direct communication with those who could give them further information;
+and who would in many cases communicate with individuals of whose
+respectability and capacity they were satisfied, more freely than they
+would through a public channel. We shall be glad to know how far such a
+plan would be approved of. We must add, that it would enable us to make use
+of many REPLIES which it is impossible, under present circumstances, to
+insert; and we believe that many Answerers would not only be as well
+pleased to learn that their REPLIES had been transmitted to the Querist,
+but that, with a knowledge that they would be so transmitted, they would
+write with more freedom and fulness than if they expected the REPLY to be
+published. One thing only we should bargain for--and, having cut ourselves
+off from all hope of gain by desiring to have the envelopes directed, we
+think we have a right to ask it--it is, that if in this correspondence, of
+which we are the medium, they come to any curious and generally interesting
+results, they will send them to us, _pro bono publico_.
+
+[Footnote 1: A valued Correspondent, who has strongly urged the adoption of
+the course which we are now recommending to our Readers, thus illustrates
+his position:--
+
+"It seems to be a very good thing to have a medium of genealogical inquiry;
+but why should all the world be troubled with the answers to a man who
+writes,--
+
+    'Sir,--I shall be obliged to anybody who can give me a full account of
+    my family.
+
+      JOHN SMITH.'
+
+"Again, supposing X. Y. wants to borrow some not very common book which one
+happens to have, I am not going to write (and if I did so write you would
+not print it), 'If X. Y., as soon as he sees this, will call on the Pump at
+Aldgate, he will find my copy of the book tied to the spout, if the charity
+boys have not cribbed it; and he can return it or not, according to his
+conscience, if he has any."]
+
+{3}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+PROCLAMATIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, AND THEIR VALUE AS HISTORICAL
+EVIDENCES.
+
+The work that is now going on at the Society of Antiquaries in reference to
+the collection of royal proclamations in their library, is one in which not
+merely the Fellows of that Society, but all historical students, are deeply
+interested. The Society possesses one of the three known largest
+collections of these public documents. They were formerly bound up in
+volumes of several different sizes, intermixed with a variety of fugitive
+publications, such as ballads and broadsides, which formed altogether a
+very incongruous collection. A short time since it was found that the
+binding of many of the volumes was very much worn, and that some of the
+documents themselves had been considerably torn and damaged. Under these
+circumstances, Mr. Lemon, of the State Paper Office, offered his services
+to the Council to superintend an entire new arrangement, mounting, binding,
+and calendaring, of the whole series of proclamations. His offer was of
+course gratefully accepted, and the work is now in active progress.
+
+The collection is certainly the most important that is known, and is
+especially so in the reign of Elizabeth; in reference to which there is no
+collection at all approaching to it, either in completeness or value. Still
+there are many proclamations wanting: several of the Fellows of the Society
+have come forward most liberally to fill up gaps. MR. PAYNE COLLIER led the
+way in a contribution of great value; MR. SALT followed MR. COLLIER with a
+munificent donation of a whole collection relating to Charles II. and James
+II.; and upon Mr. Lemon's suggestion, and with the joint concurrence of Mr.
+Secretary Walpole and the Keeper of the State Paper Office, an interchange
+of duplicates has been effected between that office and the Society of
+Antiquaries, which has added forty proclamations to the Society's
+collection.
+
+My principal reason for addressing you upon this subject is to ask you to
+suggest to your readers that a similar interchange of duplicates might be
+effected between the Society and any persons who chance to have duplicate
+proclamations in their possession.
+
+It is of the very highest literary and historical importance that we should
+get together, in some accessible place, a collection of proclamations,
+which if not actually complete (a consummation hardly to be expected),
+shall yet approach to completeness. The collection at Somerset House offers
+the best opportunity for forming such a collection. It is by far the most
+nearly complete in existence, and is strong in that particular part of the
+series in which other collections are most defective, and in which missing
+proclamations are the most difficult to be supplied. At the Society of
+Antiquaries the collection will be accessible to all literary inquirers,
+and no doubt the Society will publish a proper catalogue, which is already
+in preparation by Mr. Lemon.
+
+It is obvious that any person who chooses to contribute such stray
+proclamations, or copies of proclamations, as he may chance to have in his
+possession, will be helping forward a really good work, and the possessor
+of duplicates may not only do the same, but may benefit his own collection
+by an interchange.
+
+The value of proclamations as historical authorities, and especially as
+authorities for the history of manners, and of our national progress, is
+indisputable. As I write, I have before me the _Booke of Proclamations_ of
+James I. from 1603 to 1609; and the page lying open affords a striking
+illustration of what I assert. It gives us A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF OUR
+POST-OFFICE.
+
+Immediately on the accession of James I., the high north road from London
+to Edinburgh was thronged with multitudes of pilgrims hastening to the
+worship of the newly risen sun. Robert Carey became, in the words of
+Cowper's enigma, "the parent of numbers that cannot be told." Scotland has
+never poured into the south more active or more anxious suppliants than
+then traversed the northward road through Berwick. All ordinary
+accommodation soon fell short of the demand. Messengers riding post from
+the council to the king were stayed on the road for want of the ordinary
+supply of post-horses, all which were taken up by lords and gentry--rushing
+northward in the fury of their new-born loyalty. As a remedy for these
+inconveniences, the lords of the council issued a proclamation, calling
+upon all magistrates to aid the postmasters "in this time so full of
+business," by seeing that they are supplied with "fresh and able horses as
+necessitie shall require." Of course the supply was merely of horses.
+Travellers could not in those days obtain carriages of any kind. The horses
+were directed to be "able and sufficient horses, and well furnished of
+saddles, bridles, girts and stirropes, with good guides to looke to them;
+who for their said horses shall demand and receive of such as shall ride on
+them, the prices accustomed."
+
+The new state of things became permanent. London, after James's removal
+from Edinburgh, being really the seat of government for the whole island,
+the intercourse both ways was continuous, and further general orders for
+its management were published by proclamation. There were at that time, on
+all the high roads through the country, two sorts of posts:--1. Special
+messengers or couriers who rode "thorough post," that is, themselves rode
+through the whole distance, "with horn and guide." Such persons carried
+with them an authentication of their employment in the {4} public service.
+In 1603, they were charged "two-pence halfe-peny the mile" (raised in 1609
+to threepence) for the hire of each horse, "besides the guide's groats."
+The hire was to be paid beforehand. They were not to ride the horses more
+than one stage, except with the consent of "the post of the stage" at which
+they did not change. Nor were they to charge the horse "with any male or
+burden (besides his rider) that exceedeth the weight of thirtye pounds."
+Nor to ride more than seven miles an hour in summer or six in winter. 2.
+The other sort of post was what was termed the "post for the packet." For
+this service every postmaster was bound to keep horses ready; and on
+receipt of a "packet" or parcel containing letters, he was to send it on
+towards the next stage within a quarter of an hour after its arrival,
+entering the transaction in "a large and faire ledger paper book." Two
+horses were to be kept constantly ready for this service, "with furniture
+convenient," and messengers "at hand in areadinesse." The postmaster was
+also to have ready "two bags of leather, at the least, well lined with
+bayes or cotton, to carry the packet in." He was also to have ready "hornes
+to sound and blow, as oft as the post meets company, or foure times in
+every mile."
+
+The "post for the packet" was at first used only for the carriage of
+despatches for the government or for ambassadors, but a similar mode of
+conveyance soon began to be taken advantage of by merchants and private
+persons. Difficulty in obtaining posts and horses for the conveyance of
+private packets, led to the interference of "certain persons called
+hackney-men, tapsters, hostlers, and others, in hiring out their horses, to
+the hinderance of publique service, danger to our state, and wrong to our
+standing and settled postes in their several stages." The government of
+James I. thought, in its blindness, that it could put a stop to the
+dangerous practice of transmitting unofficial letters, by rendering it
+penal for private persons to carry them; that of Charles I., wiser, in this
+respect, in its generation, settled a scheme for their general conveyance
+through the medium of "a letter office." But the "post for the packet,"
+with his leathern bag and his twanging horn (the origin, of course, of our
+mail-coach horn), continued down to a late period, and probably still
+lingers in some parts of the kingdom. Cowper, it will be remembered,
+describes him admirably.
+
+JOHN BRUCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CURIOSITIES OF ADVERTISING LITERATURE.
+
+We are all well acquainted with the ingenious artifices by which modern
+advertisers thrust their wares upon the attention of newspaper readers. We
+may, perhaps, have been betrayed into the expression of come rude Saxon
+expletive, when, in the columns devoted to news and general information, we
+have in our innocence been tempted with a paragraph that commenced with "a
+clever saying of the illustrious Voltaire's," and dovetailed into a
+panegyric of Messrs. Aaron and Son's Reversible Paletots; or we may have
+applauded the clever logician who so clearly demonstrates, that as
+Napoleon's bilious affection frequently clouded his judgment in times of
+greatest need, the events of the present century, and the fate of nations,
+would have been reversed, had that great man only been persuaded to take
+two boxes of Snooks's Aperient Pill, price 1s. 1½d., with the Government
+stamp on a red ground (see Advt.). All these things we know very well; but,
+of the fugitive literature that does not find a place in the advertising
+columns of _The Times_, but flashes into Fame only in the pages of some
+local oracle, or in some obscurer broad-sheet, how often must it remain
+unappreciated, and doomed to "waste its sweetness on the desert air." That
+this may not be said of the following burst of advertising eloquence, I
+trust it may be found worthy a niche in the temple of "N. & Q." In its
+composition the author was probably inspired by the grand scenery of the
+Cheviots, in a village near to which his shop was situate. It was one of
+those "generally-useful" shops where the grocer and draper held equal
+reign, and anything could be got, from silks and satins to butter and Bath
+bricks. The composition was printed and distributed among the neighbouring
+families; but shortly after, when the author heard that it had not produced
+the exact effect he had wished, he, with the irritability that often
+accompanies genius, resolved to get back and destroy every copy of his
+production, and deny to the world that which it could not appreciate.
+Fortunately for the world's welfare, I preserved a copy of his hand-bill,
+of which this, in its turn, is a faithful transcript:
+
+    "_To the Inhabitants of G. and its neighbourhood._
+
+    "The present age is teeming with advantages which no preceding Era in
+    the history of mankind has afforded to the human family. New schemes
+    are projecting to enlighten and extend civilisation, Railways have been
+    projected and carried out by an enterprising and spirited nation, while
+    Science in its gigantic power (simple yet sublime) affords to the
+    humane mind so many facilities to explore its rich resources, the
+    Seasons roll on in their usual course producing light and heat, the
+    vivifying rays of the Sun, and the fructifying influences of nature
+    producing food and happiness to the Sons of Toil; while to the people
+    of G. and its neighbourhood a rich and extensive variety of Fashionable
+    Goods is to be found in my Warehouse, which have just been selected
+    with the greatest care. The earliest visit is requested to convey to
+    the mind an adequate idea of the great extent of his purchases,
+    comprising as it does all that is elegant and useful, cheap and
+    substantial, to the light-hearted votaries of Matrimony, the Matrons of
+    Reflection, the Man of Industry, and the disconsolate Victims of
+    Bereavement.
+
+    J-- M--."
+
+{5}
+
+The peroration certainly exhibits what Mrs. Malaprop calls "a nice
+derangement of epitaphs:" and, us for the rest, surely "the force of"
+bathos "could no further go."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON A PASSAGE IN "KING HENRY VIII.," ACT III. SC. 2.
+
+One of the most desperately unintelligible passages in Shakspeare occurs in
+this play, in the scene between the King and the Cardinal, when the latter
+professes his devoted attachment to his service. It stands thus in the
+first folio:
+
+   _Car._ "I do professe
+  That for your Highnesse good, I euer labour'd
+  More then mine owne: that am, haue, and will be
+  (Though all the world should cracke their duty to you,
+  And throw it from their Soule, though perils did
+  Abound, as thicke as thought could make 'em, and
+  Appeare in formes more horrid) yet my Duty,
+  As doth a Rocke against the chiding Flood,
+  Should the approach of this wilde Riuer breake,
+  And stand vnshaken yours."
+
+Upon this Mason observes:
+
+    "I can find no meaning in these words (that am, have, and will be), or
+    see how they are connected with the rest of the sentence; and should
+    therefore strike them out."
+
+Malone says:
+
+    "I suppose the meaning is, '_that_ or _such a man_, I am, have _been_,
+    and will _ever_ be.' Our author has many hard and forced expressions in
+    his plays; but many of the hardnesses in the piece before us appear to
+    me of a different colour from those of Shakspeare. Perhaps however, a
+    line following has been lost; for in the old copy there is no stop at
+    the end of this line; and, indeed, I have some doubt whether a comma
+    ought not to be placed at it, rather than a fullpoint."
+
+Mr. Knight, however, places a fullpoint at _will be_, and says:
+
+    "There is certainly some corruption in this passage; for no ellipsis
+    can have taken this very obscure form. Z. Jackson suggests 'that _aim
+    has_ and will be.' This is very harsh. We might read 'That _aim_ I have
+    and will,' _will_ being a noun."
+
+Mr. Collier has the following note:
+
+    "In this place we can do no more than reprint exactly the old text,
+    with the old punctuation; as if Wolsey, following 'that am, have, and
+    will be' by a long parenthesis, had forgotten how he commenced his
+    sentence. Something may have been lost, which would have completed the
+    meaning and the instances have not been infrequent where lines,
+    necessary to the sense, have been recovered from the quarto
+    impressions. Here we have no quarto impressions to resort to, and the
+    later folios afford us no assistance, as they reprint the passage as it
+    stands in the folio 1628, excepting that the two latest end the
+    parenthesis at 'break.'"
+
+I cannot think that the poet would have put a short speech into Wolsey's
+mouth, making him forget how he commenced it! Nor do I believe that
+anything has been lost, except the slender letter _I_ preceding _am_. The
+printer or transcriber made the easy mistake of taking the word _true_ for
+_haue_, which as written of old would readily occur, and having thus
+confused the passage, had recourse to the unconscionable long mark of a
+parenthesis. The passage undoubtedly should stand thus:
+
+   _Car._ "I do profess
+  That for your highness' good I ever labour'd
+  More than mine own; that _I_ am _true_, and will be
+  Though all the world should _lack_ their duty to you,
+  And throw it from their soul: though perils did
+  Abound, as thick as thought could make them, and
+  Appear in forms more horrid; yet my duty
+  (As doth a rock against the chiding flood,)
+  Should the approach of this wild river break,
+  And stand unshaken yours."
+
+Here all is congruous and clear. This slight correction of a palpable
+printer's error redeems a fine passage hitherto entirely unintelligible. I
+do not insist upon the correction in the fourth line of _lack_ for _crack_,
+yet what can be meant by _cracking a duty_? The duke, in the _Two Gentlemen
+of Verona_, speaks of his daughter as "_lacking_ duty;" and seeing how very
+negligently the whole passage has been given in the folio, I think there is
+good ground for its reception. With regard to the correction in the second
+line, I feel confident, and doubt not that it will have the approbation of
+all who, like myself, feel assured that most of the difficulties in the
+text of our great poet are attributable to careless printer or transcriber.
+
+When I proposed (Vol. vi., p. 468.) to read "_rail_ at once," instead of
+"_all_ at once," in _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5., I thought the
+conjecture my own, having then only access to the editions of Mr. Collier
+and Mr. Knight; I consequently said, "It is somewhat singular that the
+passage should hitherto have passed unquestioned." My surprise was
+therefore great, on turning to the passage in the _Variorum Shakspeare_, to
+find the following note by Warburton, which had escaped my notice:
+
+    "If the speaker intended to accuse the person spoken to only for
+    _insulting_ and exulting, then, instead of '_all_ at once,' it ought to
+    have been _both_ at once. But, examining the crime of the person
+    accused, we shall discover that the line is to be read thus:
+
+     'That you insult, exult, and _rail_ at once,'
+
+    for these three things Phoebe was guilty of. But the Oxford editor
+    improves it, and, for _rail_ at once, reads _domineer_."
+
+I have no recollection of having ever read the note before, and certainly
+was not conscious of it. The coincidence, therefore, may be considered (as
+Mr. Collier observed in respect to the reading of _palpable_ for _capable_)
+as much in favour of this conjecture. {6}
+
+That the most careful printers can _misread_, and consequently _misprint_,
+copy, is evident from the following error in my last Note:--Vol. vi., p.
+584., col. 1, for "in the edition which I gave of the _part_," read
+"_poet_." This mistake, like most of those I have indicated in the first
+folio Shakspeare, might easily occur if the word was indistinctly written.
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+Mickleham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES ON BACON'S ESSAYS.
+
+As I find that the editor of _Bacon's Essays_ for Bohn's _Standard Library_
+has not verified the quotations, I venture to send you a few "N. & Q." on
+them, which I hope to continue from time to time, if they prove acceptable.
+In compliance with the recommendation of MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE and the REV. H.
+T. ELLACOMBE (Vol. vi., p. 558.), I append my name and address.
+
+N.B. The paging and notes of Bohn's edition are followed throughout.
+
+    Preface, p. xiii. note *. "Speech on the Impeachment of Warren
+    Hastings." See Burke's _Works_, vol. viii. p. 15. [ed. 1827.] Speech on
+    the first day of reply.
+
+    Ditto, p. xv. Letter to Father Fulgentio. See Montagu's _Bacon_, vol.
+    xi. pref., p. vii.; vol. xii. p. 205.
+
+    Ditto, ditto. _Spenser's Faery Queene, &c._ See preface to Moxon's
+    _Spenser_ (1850), p. xxix., where this story is refuted, and Montagu,
+    xvi., note _x_.
+
+    Ditto, p. xvi. "It was like another man's fair ground," &c. See
+    Montagu, xvi. p. xxvii.
+
+    Ditto, ditto. "I shall die," &c. Ditto, xxxiv. and note _ww_.
+
+    Ditto, p. xvii. note +. Dugald Stewart. Supplement to _Encycl. Brit._,
+    vol. i. p. 54. [ed. 1824.]
+
+    Ditto, ditto. H_a_tton, not H_u_tton, as in _Eliza Cook's Journal_, vi.
+    235.
+
+    Ditto, ditto. Love an ignoble passion. Essay x. _ad init._
+
+    Ditto, p. xviii. "Says Macaulay." Review of B. Montagu's _Bacon
+    Essays_, p. 355. [ed. 1851.]
+
+    Ditto, ditto. A pamphlet. Montagu, vi. 299.
+
+    Ditto, p. xix. "A place in the Canticles." Cap. ii. 1. Bacon quotes,
+    from memory it would appear, from the Vulgate, which has "Ego flos
+    campi." By whom is the observation? See, for the story, Montagu, xvi.
+    p. xcviii.
+
+    Ditto, ditto. "Books were announced." What?
+
+    Ditto, p. xx. "Cæsar's compliment to Cicero." Where recorded?
+
+    Ditto, p. xxi. "The manufacture of particular articles of trade."
+    Montagu, xvi. 306.
+
+    Ditto, p. xxii. "Says Macaulay." _Ut supra_, p. 407.
+
+    Ditto, ditto. Ben Jonson. See Underwood's, lxix. lxxviii. [pp. 711,
+    713. ed. Moxon, 1851.]
+
+    Ditto, p. xxv. Marcus Lucius. Who is here alluded to?
+
+    Ditto, p. xxvii. "Which strangely parodies." The opening alluded to is
+    "Franciscus de Verulam sic cogitavit."
+
+    Ditto, p. xxviii. "One solitary line." Where is this to be found?
+
+    Ditto, ditto. "Ben Jonson after sketching." See _Discoveries_, p. 749.
+    _ut sup._
+
+    Ditto, p. xxix. "Might have censured with Hume." Where?
+
+    Ditto, ditto. "Hobbes." Where does he praise Bacon?
+
+    Ditto, ditto. "Bayle." In Bayle's _Dictionary_ [English edition, 1710],
+    _s. v._, we find but fourteen lines on Bacon.
+
+    Ditto, ditto. "Tacitus." _Vit. Agric._, cap. 44.
+
+    Ditto, p. xxxiii. note. Solomon's House. See p. 296. _seqq._ of the
+    vol. of the _Standard Library_.
+
+    Ditto, p. xxxiv. note. Paterculus, i. 17. 6. [Burmann.]
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+26. Hill's Road, Cambridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LATIN POEMS IN CONNEXION WITH WATERLOO.
+
+I send you two copies of Latin verses which have not, to my knowledge,
+appeared in print. They are however interesting, from the coincidence of
+their both relating to _elm-trees_, and in some measure belonging to the
+"Story of Waterloo," about which we never can hear too much. The lines
+themselves possess considerable merit; and, as their authors were
+respectively distinguished alumni of Eton and Winchester, I hope to see
+both compositions placed in juxtaposition in the columns of "N. & Q."
+
+The first of these productions was written by Marquis Wellesley, as an
+inscription for a chair carved from the _Wellington Elm_ (which stood near
+the centre of the British lines on the field of Waterloo), and presented to
+his Majesty King George IV., to whom the lines were addressed:
+
+  Ampla inter spolia, et magni decora alta triumphi,
+    _Ulmus_ erit fastis commemoranda tuis,
+  Quam super exoriens faustâ tibi gloria pennâ
+    Palmam oleamque uno detulit alma die;
+  Immortale decus maneat, famâque perenni
+    Felicique geras sceptra paterna manu;
+  Et tua victrices dum cingunt tempora lauri,
+    Materies solio digna sit ista tuo.
+
+For the other verses subjoined, we are indebted to the late Rev. William
+Crowe, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and many years public orator in that
+university. It seems that he had planted _an elm_ at his parsonage, on the
+birth of his son, afterwards killed at Waterloo, which sad event was {7}
+commemorated by his afflicted father in the following touching monody,
+_affixed to the same tree_:
+
+  _Hanc_ Ego quam felix annis melioribus _Ulmum_
+  Ipse manu sevi, tibi dilectissime Fili
+  Consecro in æternum, Gulielme vocabitur Arbos
+  Hæc tua, servabitque tuum per secula nomen.
+  Te generose Puer nil muneris hujus egentem
+  Te jam perfunctum vitæ bellique labore,
+  Adscripsit Deus, et coelestibus intulit oris,
+  Me tamen afflictum, me consolabitur ægrum
+  Hoc tibi quod pono, quanquam leve pignus amoris,
+  Hic Ego de vitâ meditans, de sorte futurâ,
+  Sæpe tuam recolam formam, dulcemque loquelam,
+  Verbaque tam puro et sacrato fonte profecta,
+  Quam festiva quidem, et facili condita lepore.
+  At Te, qui nostris quicunque accesseris hospes
+  Sedibus, unum oro, moesti reverere Parentis,
+  Nec tu sperne preces quas hâc super Arbore fundo.
+  Sit tibi non invisa, sit inviolata securi,
+  Et quantum natura sinet, crescat monumentum
+  Egregii Juvenis, qui sævo est Marte peremptus,
+  Fortiter ob patriam pugnando, sic tibi constans
+  Stet fortuna domûs, sit nulli obnoxia damno,
+  Nec videas unquam dilecti funera nati.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SIR HENRY WOTTON AND MILTON.
+
+The letter which sir Henry Wotton addressed to Milton, on receiving the
+_Maske presented at Ludlow-castle_, appears to admit of an interpretation
+which has escaped the numerous editors of the works of Milton; and I
+resolve to put this novel conjecture on its trial in the critical court of
+facts and inferences held at No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Sir Henry Wotton thus expresses himself on the circumstance which I
+conceive to have been misinterpreted:
+
+    "For the work itself [a dainty piece of entertainment, by Milton] I had
+    viewed some good while before with singular delight, having received it
+    from our common friend Mr. R. in the very close of the late R.'s
+    _Poems_, printed at Oxford; whereunto [it] is added (as I now suppose)
+    that the accessory might help out the principal, according to the art
+    of stationers, and to leave the reader _con la bocca
+    dolce_."--_Reliquiæ Wottonianæ_, 1672.
+
+In the poems of Milton, as edited by himself in 1645, the date of this
+letter is "13th April, 1638;" and as the _Poems_ of "Thomas Randolph,
+master of arts, and late fellow of Trinity colledge in Cambridge," were
+printed at Oxford in that year, in small quarto, it may be assumed that the
+gift of _Mr. R._ was a copy of that volume, with the addition of the
+_Maske_, as printed in the same size in 1637. Such was the conclusion of
+Warton, and such is mine. The question at issue is, Who was _Mr. R._?
+Warton says, "I believe _Mr. R._ to be John Rouse," the keeper of the
+Bodleian library. Is it not more probable that _Mr. R._ means Robert
+Randolph, master of arts, and student of Christchurch--a younger brother of
+Thomas Randolph, and the editor of his poems?
+
+I must first dispose of the assertion that the friendship between Rouse and
+Milton "appears to have subsisted in 1637." There is no evidence of their
+friendship till 1647; and that evidence is the ode to Rouse, to which this
+address is prefixed: "Jan. 23. 1646. Ad Joannem Rousium, Oxoniensis
+academiæ bibliothecarium. De libro poematum amisso, _quem ille sibi denuo
+mitti postulabat_, ut cum aliis nostris in bibliotheca publica reponeret,
+ode." It seems that Milton did not send the volume of 1645 till a copy of
+it had been requested; no evidence, certainly, of old friendship! I admit
+the probability that Wotton and Rouse were friends; but why should Rouse
+_officiously stitch up_, as Warton expresses it, the _Mask_ of Milton with
+the _Poems_ of Thomas Randolph, and present the volume to Wotton? Did he
+give away that which is still wanting in the Bodleian library?
+
+Admit my novel conjecture, and all the difficulties vanish. Thomas
+Randolph, says Phillips, was "one of the most pregnant young wits of his
+time;" and Robert, who was also noted as a poet, could scarcely fail to
+offer the poems of his brother to so eminent a person as sir Henry Wotton.
+As sir Henry _yearly went to Oxford_, he may have made acquaintance with
+Robert; and Robert may have been introduced to Milton by Thomas, who was
+for eight years his cotemporary at Cambridge, and in the enjoyment of much
+more celebrity. The _Maske_ may have been added as an experiment in
+criticism.
+
+The rev. Thomas Warton was a man of extensive reading, an excellent critic,
+and a fascinating writer--but too often inattentive to accuracy of
+statement. He says that Randolph _died_ the 17th March, 1634: Wood says he
+was _buried_ the 17th March, 1634. He says it is so stated on his monument:
+the monument has no date. He says the _Poems_ of Randolph contain 114
+pages: the volume contains 368 pages! He says the _Maske_ is a slight
+quarto of 30 pages only; it contains 40 pages! Is it not fit that such
+carelessness should be exposed?
+
+BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Unlucky to sell eggs after Sunset._--The following paragraph is extracted
+from the _Stamford Mercury_ of October 29, 1852:
+
+    "There exists a species of superstition in north Nottinghamshire
+    against letting eggs go out of a house after sunset. The other day a
+    person in want of some eggs called at a farm-house in East Markham, and
+    inquired of the good woman of the house whether she had any eggs to
+    sell, to which she replied that she had a few scores to dispose of.
+    'Then I'll take them home {8} with me in the cart,' was his answer; to
+    which she somewhat indignantly replied, 'That you'll not; don't you
+    know the sun has gone down? You are welcome to the eggs at a proper
+    hour of the day; but I would not let them go out of the house after the
+    sun is set on any consideration whatever!'"
+
+DRAUFIELD.
+
+_Old Song._--
+
+  My father gave me an acre of land,
+            Sing ivy, sing ivy.
+  My father gave me an acre of land,
+            Sing green bush, holly, and ivy.
+  I plough'd it with a ram's horn,
+            Sing ivy, &c.
+  I harrow'd it with a bramble,
+            Sing ivy, &c.
+  I sow'd it with a peppercorn,
+            Sing ivy, &c.
+  I reap'd it with my penknife,
+            Sing ivy, &c.
+  I carried it to the mill upon the cat's back,
+            Sing ivy, &c.
+
+Then follows some more which I forget, but I think it ends thus:
+
+  I made a cake for all the king's men,
+            Sing ivy, sing ivy.
+  I made a cake for all the king's men,
+            Sing green bush, holly, and ivy.
+
+D.
+
+_Nursery Tale._-- I saddled my sow with a sieve full of buttermilk, put my
+foot into the stirrup, and leaped nine miles beyond the moon into the land
+of temperance, where there was nothing but hammers and hatchets and
+candlesticks, and there lay bleeding Old Noles. I let him lie, and sent for
+Old Hippernoles, and asked him if he could grind green steel nine times
+finer than wheat flour. He said he could not. Gregory's wife was up in the
+pear-tree gathering nine corns of buttered peas to pay Saint James' rent.
+Saint James was in the meadow mowing oat cakes; he heard a noise, hung his
+scythe at his heels, stumbled at the battledore, tumbled over the barn-door
+ridge, and broke his shins against a bag of moonshine that stood behind the
+stairsfoot door, and if that isn't true you know as well as I.
+
+D.
+
+_Legend of Change._--In one of the Magazines for November, a legend, stated
+to be of oriental origin, is given, in which an immortal, visiting at
+distant intervals the same spot, finds it occupied by a city, an ocean, a
+forest, and a city again: the mortals whom he found there, on each
+occasion, believing that the present state had existed for ever. I have
+seen in the newspapers, at different times, a poem (or I rather think two
+poems) founded on this legend; and I should like to know the author or
+authors, and whether it, or either of them, is to be found in any
+collection of poems.
+
+D. X.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PASSAGE IN HAMLET.
+
+ "Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin,
+  Unhousell'd, disappointed, unaneld'd."
+                  _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 5.
+
+Boucher, in his _Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words_ (art. ANYEAL),
+has a note on this passage which seems to me to give so much better an idea
+of the word _disappointed_ than any I have met with, that I am induced to
+send it you as a Note:--
+
+    "The last two words have occasioned considerable difficulty to the
+    critics. The old copies, it is said, concur in giving _disappointed_,
+    which Dr. Johnson is willing to understand as meaning _unprepared_; a
+    sense that might very well suit the context, but will not be easily
+    confirmed by any other instance of the use of the word _disappointed_.
+    Dissatisfied, therefore, with this interpretation, some have read
+    _unanointed_, and some _unappointed_. Not approving of either of these
+    words, as connected with _unanealed_, Pope, no timid corrector of
+    texts, reads _unaneld_, which he supposes to signify _unknelled_, or
+    the having no knell rung. To these emendations and interpretations Mr.
+    Theobald, whose merit as a commentator of Shakspeare Mr. Pope, with all
+    his wit and all his poetry, could not bring into dispute, urged many
+    strong objections. Skinner rightly explains _anealed_ as meaning
+    _unctus_; from the Teutonic preposition _an_, and _ele_, oil. As
+    correction of the second word is admitted by all the commentators to be
+    necessary, it is suggested that a clear and consistent meaning,
+    consonant with Shakspeare's manner, will be given to the passage, if,
+    instead of _disappointed_, _unassoiled_, which signifies 'without
+    absolution,' be substituted.
+
+    "The line--
+
+     'Unhousell'd, unassoil'd, unaneal'd,'
+
+    will then signify 'without receiving the sacrament: without confession
+    and absolution: and without extreme unction.'
+
+    "The _unassoiled_ was no less proper, will appear from due attention to
+    the word _assoile_, which of course is derived from _absolvo_; and the
+    transition from _absolve_ into _assoyle_ is demonstrated in the
+    following passage from Piers Plowman, Vision, p. 3.:
+
+     'There preached a pardoner, as he a priest were,
+      Brought forth a bul, with many a bishop's seales,
+      And saide, that himself might absoyle hem alle,
+      Of falshode, of fasting, and of vowes broken.'
+
+    As a further confirmation of the propriety of substituting a word
+    signifying _absolution_, which pre-supposes confession, the following
+    sentence from _Prince Arthur_ may be adduced: 'She was confessed and
+    houselled, and then she died,' part ii. p. 108.
+
+    "It must be allowed that no instance can be given of the word
+    _unassoiled_: but neither does any other instance occur to me of the
+    word _unhouseled_ except the line in _Hamlet_."
+
+B. J. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{9}
+
+VOLCANIC INFLUENCE ON THE WEATHER.
+
+The recent observations of your correspondent MR. NOAKE (Vol. vi., p. 531.)
+on the superstitions of the people of Worcestershire regarding the weather,
+have called my attention to the present extraordinary wet season, on which
+subject I have been asked many questions. Although I do not account myself
+any more weatherwise than my neighbours, yet I may note that, for many
+years past, I have remarked that whenever we have had any very serious
+volcanic disturbance in the Mediterranean or its neighbourhood, or at Mount
+Hecla, we have always had some corresponding atmospheric agitation in this
+country, either in excessive heat or moisture, or both, and accompanied
+with very perceptible vibrations, at times so strong as to answer the name
+of earthquakes; and these vibrating so generally in the direction from
+north-west to south-east, I have been convinced that underneath us there is
+a regular steam passage from Mount Hecla in Iceland to Mount Vesuvius in
+Italy. I have unfortunately mislaid my memoranda on this subject, and have
+no regular roster of these occasional visitations to refer to, but I think
+my attention to this effect was first impressed on me by the season which
+followed the destruction at Lisbon in 1796. I recollect a friend of mine,
+the late Mr. Empson, of Bouley, while attending some drainage improvements
+in his carrs within the Level of Ancholme, was aroused by an extraordinary
+noise, which he thought was occasioned by some "drunken fools," as he
+called them, racing with their waggons upon the turnpike road above the
+hill, which was two miles off from where he then was in the carrs. His
+uphill shepherd, however, told him, when he got home, that there had been
+no such occurrence as he supposed on the turnpike, as, had such been the
+case, he must have heard and seen it. The next day, however, added fresh
+information, and better observers discovered that the noise heard across
+the carrs was underground; and further intelligence confirmed the suspicion
+that it was occasioned by a species of earthquake that had been felt at
+different places with different intensities, through Yorkshire and
+Lancashire, and amongst the islands west of Scotland; and afterwards came
+the same kind of intelligence across France, confirming me in my
+conclusions before noted. And ever since this period of 1796 we have never
+had any extraordinary alternation of extreme heat or wet, without its being
+to me the result of some accompanying volcanic agitation in Mount Hecla, or
+Mount Vesuvius or its neighbourhood; and the recurrence of the violent
+ebullition that has this year being going on at Mount Etna may therefore be
+considered as the electric cause not only of the extraordinary heat of our
+late summer, but also of the floods that have subsequently poured down upon
+us. It is only of late years that scientific men have paid due attention to
+these physical phenomena. Sir Humphrey Davy, I think, was the first who
+laid down their causes; and if we recollect the account given by Sir
+Stamford Raffles of the appalling effects of the tremendous explosion of
+Tombora, in Sambowa, one of the islands east of Java, in the year 1815,
+described as so violent in its immediate neighbourhood as to cause men, and
+horses, and trees to be taken up into the air like chaff; and of its
+effects being perceptible in Sumatra, where, nearly at a thousand miles
+distance from it, they heard its thundering noisy explosions,--thinking of
+this, we may well accede the comparatively small vibrations that we
+occasionally feel, as arising from the interchange of civilities passing
+between our volcanic neighbours Hecla and Vesuvius, or Etna; and glad we
+may be that we have them in no more inconvenient shape or degree than we
+have hitherto experienced them. I have some friends in Lancashire who have
+been a good deal alarmed by the vibrations they have lately experienced;
+and I must confess that my good wife and myself were, on the morning of the
+10th Dec., not a little startled in our bed by a shock that aroused us
+early to inquire after the cause of it, but for which we cannot account
+otherwise than that, from its sudden electric character, the Lancashire
+vibration had reached us. The chief purport, however, of my present
+communication is, to make inquiry amongst your readers, whether any of
+them, like myself, have observed and experienced any recurrence of these
+concomitant and physical obtrusions.
+
+WM. S. HESLEDON.
+
+Barton upon Humber.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Value of MSS._--In the cause of Calvert _v._ Sebright, a question arose as
+to the sale of a collection of manuscript books by the late Sir John
+Sebright in the year 1807. In aid of the inquiry before the Master, as to
+the difference in value of the manuscripts in 1807 and the year 1849, Mr.
+Rodd made an affidavit, from which I have made the following extract,
+showing the prices at which five lots were sold in 1807, and the prices at
+which the same lots were sold at the late Mr. Heber's sale in 1836:
+
+    "No. in Catalogue, 1185. Bracton de (Hen.) Consuetudinibus et Legibus
+    Anglicæ. (In pergamena) literis deauratis. Sold in 1807 for 1l. 13s.:
+    produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 6l. 6s.
+
+    "Lot 1190. Gul. Malmesburiensis de Gestis Regum Anglorum. (In
+    pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for 1l. 7s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836,
+    63l.
+
+    "Lot 1195. Chronica Gulielmi Thorn. (In membranis.) Sold in 1807 for
+    12s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 85l.
+
+    {10} "Lot 1198. Henrici Archid. Huntindoniensis de Gestis Anglorum et
+    Gyr. Cambriensis expugnatio Hiberniæ. (In pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for
+    2l. 1s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 78l. 15s. 6d.
+
+    "Lot 1206. Chronica Matt. Parisensis sine Historia Minor cum vitâ
+    authoris, per Doctissimum Virum Rog. Twysden Bar. (In papyro.) Sold in
+    1807 for 2l. 8s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 5l. 15s. 6d. Total
+    produce in 1807, 8l. 1s.: in 1836, 238l. 17s."
+
+In the catalogue of Heber's books, &c., Nos. 447. 1006. 498. 118. and 1016.
+correspond with the Nos. 1185. 1190. 1195. 1198. 1206.
+
+F. W. J.
+
+_Robert Hill._--I possess a Latin Bible which formerly belonged to this
+person, and contains many MS. notes in his handwriting. The following is by
+another hand:
+
+    "This book formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Hill, a taylor of
+    Buckingham, and an acquaintance of my cousin John Herbert, surgeon of
+    that town. J. L."
+
+    "In literature we find of this profession (_i. e._ that of a taylor)
+    John Speed, a native of Cheshire, whose merit as an historian and
+    antiquary are indisputable--to whom may be added the name of a man who
+    in literature ought to have taken the lead, we mean John Stow. Benjamin
+    Robins, the compiler of _Lord Anson's Voyage_, who united the powers of
+    the sword and the pen, was professionally a taylor of Bath; as was
+    Robert Hill of Buckingham, who, in the midst of poverty and distress,
+    while obliged to labour at his trade for the support of a large family,
+    acquired a knowledge of the Hebrew, and other languages, such as has
+    only been equalled by Magliabecchi, who studied in a cradle curtained
+    by cobwebs and colonised by spiders."--See "Vestiges Revived," No. XX.
+    _European Mag._ for Mar. 1813.
+
+The above choice note is, I presume, an extract from the _Europ. Mag._, and
+may serve to show that although ordinarily it takes "nine tailors to make a
+man," it may occasionally require nine men to make such a tailor as R. Hill
+seems to have been.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_English Orthography._--The agricultural newspapers and magazines in the
+United States have generally restored the spelling of _plow_ in place of
+_plough_, which has crept in since the translation of the Bible into
+English.
+
+Could not _cloke_, the old spelling, be also restored, in place of _cloak_,
+which has nothing but _oak_ to keep it in countenance; whilst _cloke_ is in
+analogy with _smoke_, _poke_, _broke_, &c.?
+
+There are two English words, in pronouncing which not a single letter of
+them is sounded; namely _ewe_ (yo!) and _aye_ (I!)
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735._--The following curious report of a law
+case appears in Morison's _Dictionary of the Decisions of the Court of
+Session_, p. 9455. It appears from it that, so late as 1735, the city of
+Glasgow, now containing a population of nearly 400,000, was considered too
+limited a sphere for the support of only _two_ booksellers.
+
+    "1735, January 15. Stalker against Carmichael. Carmichael and Stalker
+    entered into a co-partnery of bookselling within the City of Glasgow,
+    to continue for three years; and because _the place was judged too
+    narrow for two booksellers at a time_, it was stipulated that after the
+    expiry of three years, either of them refusing to enter into a new
+    contract upon the former terms, should be debarred from any concern in
+    bookselling within the city of Glasgow. In a reduction of the contract,
+    the Lords found the debarring clause in the contract is a lawful
+    practice, and not contrary to the liberty of the subject."
+
+X. Y.
+
+Edinburgh.
+
+_Epitaph on a Sexton._--Epitaph on a sexton, who received a great blow by
+the clapper of a bell:
+
+ "Here lyeth the body of honest John Capper,
+  Who lived by the bell, and died by the clapper."
+
+Answer to the foregoing:
+
+ "I am not dead indeed, but have good hope,
+  To live by the bell when you die by the rope."
+
+E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+EUSTACHE DE SAINT PIERRE.
+
+With the siege of Calais, and its surrender to Edward III. in 1347, is
+associated the name of Eustache de St. Pierre, whose loyalty and
+devotedness have been immortalised by the historian, and commemorated by
+the artist's pencil. The subject of Queen Philippa's intercessions on
+behalf of Eustache and his brave companions is, no doubt, familiar to most
+of your readers: the stern demeanour of the king; the tears and
+supplicating attitude of the Queen Philippa; and the humiliating position
+of the burgesses of Calais, &c. But what if Eustache de St. Pierre had been
+bought over by King Edward? For without going the length of pronouncing the
+scenes of the worthy citizens, with halters round their necks, to have been
+a "got up" affair, there is, however, some reason to doubt whether the
+boasted loyalty of Eustache de St. Pierre was such as is represented, as
+will appear from the following notes. And however much the statements
+therein contained may detract from the cherished popular notions regarding
+Eustache de St. Pierre, yet the seeker after truth is inexorable, or, to
+use the words of Sir Francis Palgrave (_Hist. of Norm. and Eng._, i. 354.),
+he is expected "to uncramp or shatter the pedestals supporting the idols
+which have won the false worship of the multitude; so that they may nod in
+their niches, or topple down."
+
+In one of the volumes forming part of that valuable collection published by
+the French {11} government,and commenced, I believe, under the auspices of
+M. Guizot, namely, the _Documens inédits sur l'Histoire de France_, the
+following passage attracted my notice:
+
+    "Il (M. de Bréquigny) a prouvé par des titres authentiques et inconnus
+    jusqu'à présent, qu'Eustache de St. Pierre, dont on a si fort vanté le
+    dévouement pour les habitans de Calais, fut séduit par Edouard, et
+    qu'il reçut de ce prince des pensions et des possessions fort peu de
+    temps après la prise de cette place, aux conditions d'y maintenir le
+    bon ordre, et de la conserver à l'Angleterre."--See _Lettres de Rois,
+    &c._, vol. i. Preface, p. cix.
+
+The above statement is founded on a memoir read before the Académie des
+Belles-Lettres by M. de Bréquigny, respecting the researches made by him in
+London (see _Mém. de l'Acad. des Belles-Lettres_, tom. xxxvii.).
+
+Lingard throws a doubt over the matter. He says:
+
+    "Froissart has dramatised this incident with considerable effect; but,
+    I fear, with little attention to truth.... Even in Froissart there is
+    nothing to prove that Edward designed to put these men to death. On the
+    contrary, he takes notice that the King's refusal of mercy was
+    accompanied with a wink to his attendants, which, if it meant anything,
+    must have meant that he was not acting seriously."--_Lingard_, 3rd
+    edit. 1825, vol. iv. p. 79., note 85.
+
+Again, in Hume:
+
+    "The story of the six burgesses of Calais, like all extraordinary
+    stories, is somewhat to be suspected; and so much the more, as
+    Avesbury, who is particular in his narrative of the surrender of
+    Calais, says nothing of it, and, on the contrary, extols in general the
+    King's generosity and lenity to the inhabitants."--_Hume_, 8vo. 1807,
+    vol. ii., note H.
+
+Both Hume and Lingard mention that Edward expelled the natives of Calais,
+and repeopled the place with Englishmen; but they say nothing as to
+Eustache de St. Pierre becoming a pensioner of the King's "aux conditions
+d'y maintenir le bon ordre, et de la conserver à l'Angleterre."
+
+Châteaubriand (_Etudes Hist._, 1831, 8vo., tome iv. p. 104.) gives
+Froissart's narrative, by which he abides, at the same time complaining of
+the "esprit de dénigrement" which he says prevailed towards the end of the
+last century in regard to heroic actions.
+
+Regarding Queen Philippa's share in the transaction above referred to, M.
+de Bréquigny says:
+
+    "La reine, qu'on suppose avoir été si touchée du malheur des six
+    bourgeois dont elle venait de sauver la vie, ne laissa pas d'obtenir,
+    peu de jours après, la confiscation des maisons que Jean d'Acre, l'un
+    d'eux, avait possédées dans Calais."
+
+Miss Strickland (_Lives of Queens_, 1st edit., vol. ii. p. 336.) likewise
+gives the story as related by Froissart, but mentions the fact of Queen
+Philippa taking possession of Jean d'Acre's property, and the doubt cast
+upon Eustache's loyalty; but she would appear to justify him by reason of
+King Philip's abandoning the brave Calaisiens to their fate. However this
+may be, documents exist proving that the inhabitants of Calais were
+indemnified for their losses: and whether or not the family of Eustache de
+St. Pierre approved his conduct, so much is certain, that, on the death of
+the latter, the property which had been granted to him by King Edward was
+confiscated, because they would not acknowledge their allegiance to the
+English.
+
+I wish to ask whether this new light thrown on the subject, through M. de
+Bréquigny's labours, has been hitherto noticed, for it would appear the
+story should be re-written.
+
+PHILIP S. KING.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DEVIZES, ORIGIN OF: A QUESTION FOR THE HERALDS.
+
+I will put the following case as briefly as I can.
+
+Throughout the mediæval ages, the word _devise_ formed the generic term for
+every species of emblazonment. Thus we have "_Devises Heroiques_, per
+Claude Paradin, Lyons, 1557;" "_Devises et Emblems d'Amour moralisés_, par
+Flamen;" "_The Paradise of Dainty Devices_, 1576;" "_Minerva Britannica, or
+a Garden of Heroical Devices furnished and adorned with Emblems and
+Impressa's of Sundry Natives_, newly devised, moralised, and published by
+Henry Peachum, 1612;" and lastly, Henry Estienne's "discourse of
+hieroglyphs, symbols, gryphs, emblems, enigmas, sentences, parables,
+reverses of medals, arms, blazons, cimiers, cyphers, and rebus," which
+learned discourse, be it observed, is entitled _The Art of making Devises_,
+1646. As an additional proof that device included the motto, take the
+following:
+
+    "Henry III. commanded to be written by way of device in his chamber at
+    Woodstock, 'Qui non dat quod amat non accipit ille quod optat;'"
+
+quoted by Sir Eger. Brydges. Here I must stop, though I could add many
+illustrations; and go on to observe, that whereas all the explanations
+which I have ever met with, of the unique appellation of "Castrum
+Divisarum," or the castle of Devises, are totally un-historic, if not
+ridiculous, I crave the attention of all whom it may concern to a new
+solution of the difficulty.
+
+First, then, in order to clear the way, I would observe, that if, as
+commonly stated, the name had signified a frontier fort, would it not have
+been called the castle of the division [singular] rather than the castle of
+the divided districts? In other words, why make it a plural term?
+
+Secondly. If, as I surmise, the Italian word _divisa_ bore at the time of
+the Conquest its present meaning of "device," in greater force than the
+{12} sense of divisions or partitions, is it unreasonable to suppose that
+Castrum Divisarum implied and constituted, at that early period, the
+deposit or fountain-head of the blazonry of the Norman leaders?
+
+It was certainly not unsuited for such a species of heralds' college; being
+central, inland, a royal treasury, and the frequent scene of a court. When
+in the ensuing age re-edified by Bishop Roger, the monkish historians,
+without a dissentient voice, proclaimed it the most splendid castle in the
+realm; and though it may be objected that this observation belongs to a
+date not to our purpose, yet the pre-existence of the fortress is proved by
+its having been the temporary prison of Duke Robert. I am aware that such a
+notion as Devizes having formed the nucleus of the tree heraldic in England
+is not countenanced, nor even suspected, by any of the popular writers on
+the art. I may add, that one gentleman, holding an important position
+therein, has signified his disapproval of so early an origin being assigned
+to the institution. But over-against this, I beg to parade a passage from a
+letter written by Thomas Blore in 1806 to Sir Egerton Brydges:
+
+    "The heralds," says he, "seem originally not to have been instituted
+    for the manufacturing of armorial ensigns, but for the recording those
+    ensigns which had been borne."--_Censura Literaria_, vol. iii. p. 254.
+
+My case is now stated. I shall be well content that some of your
+archæological friends should scatter it to the winds, provided they will
+explain how it is that Devizes, in common with some of the ancient cities
+of Egypt and Greece, has so long rejoiced in a plural name. To aid this
+last endeavour, I close with one more statement. The castle stood nearly
+midway between two other adjoining towns or villæ, also bearing plural
+names: Potternæ=arum [Posternæ?] and Kaningæ=arum.
+
+J. WAYLEN.
+
+P.S.--I think I may plead the privilege of a postscript for the purpose of
+recording (what may be taken as) an indication, though perhaps not a proof,
+that the idea of devices or contrivances was implied in the name so
+recently as the period of the civil war. The _Mercurius Civicus_, a
+parliamentary paper, 1644, states that Devizes was being garrisoned for the
+king, in the following terms:
+
+    "Hopton is fortifying amain at the Devises in Wiltshire, but I fear
+    greater fortifyings for the Devices in Oxford."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Gold Signet Ring._--I possess an ancient gold signet ring, which was dug
+up a few years since not far from an old entrenchment in the borough of
+Leominster, in the county of Hereford, the device thereon being a _cock_;
+it is of very pure metal, and weighs 155 grains. It is in fine
+preservation: and device is rudely cut, but I beg to inclose an impression
+from which you may judge. Can any of your antiquarian readers throw any
+light on the subject to whom this device originally belonged?
+
+In levelling the fortified entrenchment above referred to some half century
+ago, various utensils of pottery, burnt bones, spear and arrow heads,
+tesselated tiles, fragments of sculptured stones, and other relics of
+antiquity, were found.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+_Ecclesia Anglicana._--I observe, in an interesting letter published in the
+December Number of the _Ecclesiologist_, in an enumeration of Service Books
+belonging to the English Church before the Reformation, and now existing in
+the Pepysian Library, Cambridge, the following title:
+
+    "No. 1198. Servicium de omni Officio Episcopali consernenta (_sic_)
+    chorum ... secundum usum Ecclesie Anglicane."
+
+Now I am anxious to know from any of your readers, who are better informed
+on these subjects than I am, or who have access to old libraries, whether
+_Ecclesia Anglicana_ is a _usual_ designation of the Catholic Church in
+England before the Reformation.
+
+Service Books according to the use of some particular cathedral church are
+of course well known, as in this same list to which I have referred we find
+"secundum usum insignis ecclesie Eboracensis," "ad insignis ecclesiæ
+Sarisburiensis usum," &c.: but I should be glad to learn, in these days of
+_ultramontane_ pretensions, whether, even prior to the Reformation, the
+distinct nationality of the Anglican church was _commonly_ asserted by the
+use of such a title in her Service Books. I need scarcely observe how many
+interesting cognate questions might be asked on this subject.
+
+G. R. M.
+
+_Tangiers.--English Army in 1684._--A merchant in 1709 deposed that he knew
+not how long complainant had been a _soldier_, or beyond the seas before
+May, 1697, but that he has heretofore seen and knew him at Tomger, before
+and at the time of the demolishing thereof, being then a _soldier_; and no
+doubt could prove that he was in England a considerable time next before
+May, 1697.
+
+Could the place be other than Tangiers, destroyed in 1684?
+
+Was complainant (a younger son of a well-connected family of gentry, but
+himself probably in poverty), who in deeds, and on his mon. tablet, is
+described as gent., likely to have been in 1684 (aged twenty-seven) a
+private, a non-commissioned, or commissioned officer?
+
+If the latter, would he not have been so described?
+
+A. C.
+
+{13}
+
+_Smith._--Of what family was ---- Smith, confessor of Katherine of
+Braganza, buried in York Minster? and what are the arms on his tomb? Where
+can information be obtained as to a Judge Smith, supposed to have been of
+the same family?
+
+A. F. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+_Termination "-itis."_--What is the derivation of the termination "-itis,"
+used principally in medical words, and these signifying inflammation, as
+Pleuritis, _vulgo_ pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura, &c.?
+
+ADSUM.
+
+_Loak Hen._--In two or more parishes in Norfolk was a custom, or modus, of
+paying a _loak hen_ in lieu of tythes of fowls and eggs. I shall feel
+obliged to any of your correspondents who can inform me what constituted a
+_loak hen_?
+
+G. J.
+
+_Etymological Traces of the Social Position of our Ancestors._--I remember
+reading an account of the traces of the social position of our Saxon
+ancestors yet remaining in our English customs, which interested me much at
+the time, and which I would gladly again refer to, as, Captain Cuttle's
+invaluable maxim not being then extant, I neglected "making a note of it."
+
+It described the Norman derivation of the names of all kinds of _meat_, as
+beef, mutton, veal, venison, &c.; while the corresponding _animals_ still
+retained their original Saxon appellations, ox, sheep, calf, &c.: and it
+accounted for this by the fact, that while the animals were under the care
+of the Saxon thralls and herdsmen, they retained of course their Saxon
+names; but when served up at the tables of their Norman lords, it became
+necessary to name them afresh.
+
+I think the word _heronsewes_ (cf. Vol. iii., pp. 450. 207.; Vol. iv., p.
+76.) is another example, which are called _harnseys_ at this day in
+Norfolk; as it is difficult, on any other supposition, to account for an
+East-Anglian giving a French appellation to so common a bird as the heron.
+
+E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Locke's Writings._--In an unpublished manuscript of Paley's _Lectures on
+Locke's Essay_, it is stated that so great was the antipathy against the
+writings of this eminent philosopher, at the time they were first issued,
+that they were "burnt at Oxford by the hands of the common hangman." Is
+this fact recorded in any Life of Locke; or how may it be ascertained?
+There is no notice of it, I believe, in either Law's _Life_, or in that of
+Lord King.
+
+GEORGE MUNFORD.
+
+East Winch.
+
+_Passage in Göthe's "Faust."_--Has the following passage from the second
+part of _Faust_ ever been noticed in connexion with the fact that the clock
+in Göthe's chamber stopped at the moment that he himself expired? If it has
+not, I shall congratulate myself on having been the first to point out this
+very curious coincidence
+
+  "_Mephistopheles._ Die Zeit wird Herr, der Gries hier liegt im Sand,
+  _Die Uhr steht still_----
+   _Chorus._ Steht still! Sie schweigt wie Mitternacht
+  _Der Zeiger fällt._
+   _Mephistopheles._ Er fällt, es ist vollbracht."
+                  _Faust_, der Tragödie Zweiter Theil, Fünfter Act.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+_Schomberg's Epitaph by Swift._--A correspondent asks whether the epitaph
+alluded to in the following extract from the _Daily Courant_ of July 17,
+1731, is given in any edition of Swift's _Works_.
+
+    "The Latin Inscription, composed by the Rev. Dr. Swift, Dean of St.
+    Patrick's, and ordered by the Dean and Chapter to be fixed up in the
+    Cathedral of the said Church, over the place where the body of the
+    great Duke of Schomberg lies, has been with all possible care and
+    elegance engraved on a beautiful table of black Kilkenny marble, about
+    eight feet long and four or five broad; the letters are gilded, and the
+    whole is now finished with the utmost neatness. People of all ranks are
+    continually crowding to see it, and the Inscription is universally
+    admired."
+
+The _Daily Gazetteer_ of Saturday, July 12, 1740, gives a detailed account
+of the rejoicings in Dublin on the Tuesday preceding, being the anniversary
+of the battle of the Boyne, and a particular account of the bonfire made by
+Dean Swift in St. Kevin's Street, near the watch-house.
+
+E.
+
+_The Burial Service said by Heart._--Bishop Sprat (in his _Discourse to his
+Clergy_, 1695, for which see _Clergyman's Instructor_, 1827, p. 245.)
+relates that, immediately after the Restoration, a noted ringleader of
+schism in the former times was interred in one of the principal churches of
+London, and that the minister of the parish, being a wise and regular
+conformist, and afterwards an eminent bishop, delivered the whole Office of
+Burial by heart on that occasion. The friends of the deceased were greatly
+edified at first, but afterwards much surprised and confounded when they
+found that their fervent admiration had been bestowed on a portion of the
+Common Prayer. Southey (_Common-Place Book_, iii. 492.) conjectures that
+the minister was Bull. This cannot be, for Bull, I believe, never held a
+London cure. Was it Hackett? And who was the noted ringleader of schism?
+
+J. K.
+
+_Shaw's Staffordshire MSS._--Can any of your Staffordshire correspondents
+furnish information as to the present depository of the Rev. Stebbing
+Shaw's Staffordshire MSS., and the MS. notes of Dr. Thomas Harwood used in
+his two editions {14} of Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_? And can they refer to
+a pedigree of Thomas Wood, Esq., Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas,
+1501; who is said to have built Hall O'Wood, in Batterley, near Botley,
+Staffordshire.
+
+N. C. L.
+
+_"Ne'er to these chambers," &c._--
+
+ "Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest
+  Since their foundation, came a nobler guest,
+  Nor to th' immortal entrance e'er convey'd
+  A loftier spirit, or more welcome shade."
+
+Where do these lines come from?
+
+ARAM.
+
+Swillington.
+
+_County History Societies._--I would suggest the idea whether County
+History Societies might not be formed with advantage, as there are so many
+counties which have never had their histories written. They are very
+expensive and laborious for individuals to undertake, and constantly
+require additions on account of the many changes which are taking place, to
+make them complete as works of reference for the present time: I think that
+by the means suggested they might be made very useful, particularly if
+complete statistical tables were annexed to the general and descriptive
+account. With comparatively little expense, the history and statistics of
+every county could be brought down to the latest date, making a valuable
+work of reference to which all could refer with confidence for the
+information which is constantly being sought for.
+
+G. H.
+
+_Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter._--Is any pedigree extant of the family of
+Hugh Oldham? Baines speaks of him (_Hist. of Lanc._, vol. ii. p. 579.) as
+"descended from an ancient family," born, "according to Wood and Godwin, at
+Manchester; but, according to Dodsworth, at Oldham."
+
+What arms did he adopt?
+
+J. B.
+
+_The English Domestic Novel._--My first intention was to ask whether Defoe
+was the founder of this pleasing class of literature, but have just
+recollected, that Mrs. Aphara Behn wrote something of the kind in the time
+of Charles II. My first question will be, therefore, who was the earliest
+writer of this description? And, secondly, is not the matter of sufficient
+interest to ask your readers' assistance in the formation of a list, giving
+full titles, authors' names, and dates extending to 1730 or 1750?
+
+JOHN MILAND.
+
+_Dr. Young._--In the most authentic biographical accounts we leave of Dr.
+Young the poet, it is stated that he left in the hands of his housekeeper a
+collection of manuscript sermons, with an injunction that after his death
+they should be destroyed; it is also added, that this request was only
+complied with _in part_. Can any of your correspondents confirm the hope
+that these sermons may still be in existence; and if so, in what quarter
+information may be obtained concerning them? The housekeeper is said to
+have been the widow of a clergyman, and therefore was not regarded by the
+Doctor in the light of a servant.
+
+J. H.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Bishop Hall's Meditations._--I have an old copy before me, the title-page
+of which runs as follows:
+
+    "Occasionall Meditations by Jos. Exon. Set forth by R. H. The Third
+    Edition: with the Addition of Forty-nine Meditations not heretofore
+    published: London, printed by M. F. for Nathaniel Butter, 1633."
+
+It is edited by Bishop Hall's son (Robert). I should be glad to learn
+whether this is a scarce edition.
+
+BOEOTICUS.
+
+Edgmond, Salop.
+
+_Chatterton._--Dr. Gregory, in his _Life of Chatterton_, p. 100. (reprinted
+by Southey in the first volume of his edition of Chatterton's _Works_, p.
+lxx.), says: "Chatterton, as appears by the coroner's inquest, swallowed
+arsenick in water, on the 24th of August, 1770, and died in consequence
+thereof the next day."
+
+Mr. Barrett, the historian of Bristol, one of Chatterton's best friends and
+patrons, who, from his profession as a surgeon, was likely to have made,
+and seems to have made, inquiries as to the circumstances of his death,
+says, in his _History of Bristol_, not published before 1789, and therefore
+not misled by any false first report, that Chatterton's principles impelled
+him to become his own executioner. He took a large dose of opium, some of
+which was picked out from his teeth after his death, and he was found the
+next morning a most horrid spectacle: with limbs and features distorted as
+after convulsions, a frightful and ghastly corpse" (p. 647.). I do not know
+whether this contradiction has ever been noticed, and shall be obliged to
+any correspondent who can give me information. I believe that Sir Herbert
+Croft's _Love and Madness_ was the authority followed by Dr. Gregory, but I
+have not the book.
+
+N. B.
+
+_Passage in Job._--The wonderful and sublime book of Job, authenticated by
+subsequent Divine records, and about 3400 years old, is very probably the
+most ancient writing in the world: and though life and immortality were
+especially reserved as the glorious gift and revelation of our Blessed
+Redeemer, the eternal Author and Finisher of our salvation, yet Job was
+permitted to declare his deep conviction, that he should rise from the dead
+and see God. This memorable declaration (chap. xix. ver. 25.) can be
+forgotten by none of your readers; but some of them may not know that the
+Septuagint adds these words of life to chap. xlii. ver. 17.:"[Greek:
+gegraptai de, auton palin anastêsesthai meth' hôn ho Kurios
+anistêsin][2]."--(But it is written that {15} he shall rise again with
+those whom the Lord raiseth up.)
+
+Our authorised and truly admirable translation of the Holy Scriptures omits
+this deeply important conclusion of Job's life, so properly noticed by the
+learned and excellent Parkhurst.
+
+Pray, can you or any of your readers explain the cause of this omission? As
+your pages have not been silent on the grand consummation which cannot be
+too constantly before us, I do not apologise for this very short addition
+to your Notes.
+
+EDWIN JONES.
+
+Southsea, Hants.
+
+[Footnote 2: This passage was originally printed "[Greek: gegraptai,
+seauton] ...". It was corrected by an erratum in next issue--Transcriber.]
+
+_Turner's View of Lambeth Palace._--In a newspaper memoir of the late Mr.
+Turner, R.A., published shortly after his death, it was stated that the
+first work exhibited by him at Somerset House was a "View of Lambeth
+Palace," I believe in water colours. I should be glad to ascertain, through
+your columns, if this picture be still in existence, and in what
+collection.
+
+L. E. X.
+
+_Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning._--Can any of
+the readers of "N. & Q." assist me in obtaining a copy of this work? In the
+same author's _Rationale of Circulating Numbers_ (Murray, London, 1778) it
+is stated that the demonstrations of all the theorems and problems at the
+end of the Rev. John Lawson's _Dissertation on the Geometrical Analysis of
+the Ancients_ "will be given at the latter end of _An Essay on the
+Usefulness of Mathematical Learning_, which will soon be published." In a
+subsequent portion of the work, a sketch of the contents of the _Essay_ is
+given, which include "a Treatise on Magic Squares, translated from the
+French of Frenicle, as published in _Les Ouvrages de Mathématique par
+Messieurs de l'Académie Royale des Sciences_, with several Additions and
+Remarks." And in a list of "Tracts and Translations _written and published_
+by H. Clarke, LL.D.," which occurs at the end of my copy of the first
+volume of Leybourn's _Mathematical Repository_ (London, 1805), the _Essay_
+appears as No. 10, and is stated to have been published in 8vo. at six
+shillings. None of my friends are acquainted with the work; but if the
+preceding description will enable any reader to help me to a copy, I shall
+esteem it a great favour.
+
+T. T. WILKINSON.
+
+Burnley, Lancashire.
+
+"_The General Pardon._"--An imperfect copy of a small tract (measuring five
+and a half inches by three and a half inches) has recently come into my
+hands, of which I much desire to obtain the wanting parts. It is entitled:
+
+    "The general Pardon, geuen longe agone, and sythe newly confyrmed, by
+    our Almightie Father, with many large Priuileges, Grauntes, and Bulles
+    graunted for euer, as is to be seen hereafter: Drawne out of Frenche
+    into English. By Wyllyam Hayward. Imprinted at London, by Wyllyam How,
+    for Wyllyam Pickeringe."
+
+There is no date, but it is believed to have been printed in or about 1571.
+It is in black letter, and is an imitation of the Roman Catholic pardons.
+It consists of twelve leaves. In my copy the last seven of these are torn
+through their middle vertically.
+
+I have not been able to meet with this tract in the catalogues of any of
+the great libraries which I have consulted; _e.g._ The British Museum,
+Bodleian, Cambridge University, Lambeth, and several of the college
+libraries at Cambridge.
+
+I want any information concerning it, or its original in French, which the
+readers of "N. & Q." can give: also access to a copy from which to
+transcribe the parts wanting in mine.
+
+CHARLES C. BABINGTON.
+
+St. John's Coll. Cambridge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Edward the Confessor's Rings._--There is an old legend of a ring given to
+one of our early kings, I think Edward the Confessor, by some saintly or
+angelic messenger. If any of your readers could give me any of the details
+of this story, it would very much oblige your constant reader
+
+M. J. T.
+
+    [The following extract from Taylor's _Glory of Regality_, pp. 74. _et
+    seq._, will give our Correspondent the legend referred to.
+
+    "The ring with which our kings are invested, called by some writers
+    'the wedding ring of England,' is illustrated, like the Ampulla, by a
+    miraculous history, of which the following are the leading particulars:
+    from the 'Golden Legende' (_Julyan Notary_, 1503), p. 187.:--'Edward
+    the Confessor being one day askt for alms by a certain 'fayre olde
+    man,' the king found nothing to give him except his ring, with which
+    the poor man thankfully departed. Some time after, two English pilgrims
+    in the Holy Land having lost their road, as they travelled at the close
+    of the day, 'there came to them a fayre auncyent man wyth whyte heer
+    for age.' Then the old man axed them what they were and of what regyon.
+    And they answerde that they were Pylgryms of Englond, and hadde lost
+    their felyshyp and way also. Then this old man comforted theym goodly,
+    and brought theym into a fayre cytee; and whan they had well refresshyd
+    them, and rested theym alle nyght; on the morne, this fayre olde man
+    wente with theym and brought theym in the ryght waye agayne. And he was
+    gladde to hear theym talke of the welfare and holynesse of theyr Kynge
+    Saynt Edward. And whan he shold departe fro theym thenne he told theym
+    what he was, and sayd I am Johan Theuangelyst, and saye ye unto Edward
+    your king, that I grete hym well by the token that he gaaf to me thys
+    rynge with his one hondes, whych rynge ye shalle {16} delyuer to hym
+    agayne: and whan he had delyuerde to theym the ringe, he departed from
+    theym sodenly.'
+
+    "This command, as may be supposed, was punctually obeyed by the
+    messengers, who were furnisht with ample powers for authenticating
+    their mission. The ring was received by the Royal Confessor, and in
+    after times was preserved with due care at his shrine in the Abbey of
+    Westminster."]
+
+_The Bourbons._--What was the origin of the Bourbon family? How did Henry
+IV. come to be the next heir to the throne on the extinction of the line of
+Valois?
+
+E. H. A.
+
+    [Henri IV., King of Navarre, succeeded to the throne on the extinction
+    of the house of Valois, as the head of the house of Bourbon, which
+    descends from Robert of France, Count de Clermont, the fifth son of St.
+    Louis, and Seigneur de Bourbon. On the death of Louis I. in 1341,
+    leaving two sons, this house was divided into the Bourbon, or elder
+    branch (which became extinct on the death of the Constable of Bourbon,
+    in 1527), and the younger branch, or that of the Counts de la Marche,
+    afterwards Counts and Dukes of Vendome. Henri was the son of Antoine de
+    Bourbon, Duc de Vendome.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+EMBLEMS.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 460.)
+
+The Query confirms Professor De Morgan's excellent article in _The
+Companion to the Almanack for 1853_, "On the Difficulty of correct
+Description of Books." The manuscript note cited by H. J., though curiously
+inaccurate, guided me to the book for which he inquires. I copy the
+title-page: "_Die Betrübte Pegnesis, den Leben, Kunst, und Tugend-Wandel
+des Seelig-Edeln Floridans, H. Sigm. von Birken, Com. Pal. Cæs. durch 24
+Sinnbilder in Kupfern, zur schuldigen nach-Ehre fürstellend, und mit
+Gesprach und Reim-Gedichten erklärend, durch ihre Blumen-Hirten._ Nürnberg,
+1684, 12mo." I presume the annotator, not understanding German, and seeing
+"Floridans" the most conspicuous word on the title-page, cited him as the
+author; but it is the pastoral academic name of the late Herr Sigmond von
+Birken, in whose honour the work is composed. The emblem, with the motto
+"Bis fracta relinquor," at p. 249. (not 240.), is a tree from which two
+boughs are broken. It illustrates the death of Floridan's second wife, and
+his determination not to take a third. The chess-board, plate xiv. p. 202.,
+has the motto, "Per tot discrimina rerum," and commemorates Floridan's safe
+return to Nuremberg after the multitudinous perils ("die Schaaren der
+Gefahren") of a journey through Lower Saxony. They must have been great, if
+typified by the state of the board, on which only a black king and a white
+bishop are left--a chess problem!
+
+I bought my copy at a book-sale many years ago, and, after reading a few
+pages, laid it aside as insufferably dull, although it was marked by its
+former possessor, the Rev. Henry White, of Lichfield, "Very rare, probably
+unique." On taking it up to answer H. J.'s Query, I found some matter
+relating to the German academies of the seventeenth century, which I think
+may be interesting.
+
+Mr. Hallam (_Literature of Europe_, IV. v. 9.) says:
+
+    "The Arcadians determined to assume every one a pastoral name and a
+    Greek birthplace; to hold their meetings in some verdant meadow, and to
+    mingle with all their own compositions, as far as possible, images from
+    pastoral life; images always agreeable, because they recall the times
+    of primitive innocence. The poetical tribe adopted as their device the
+    pipe of seven reeds bound with laurel, and their president, or
+    director, was denominated General Shepherd or Keeper--_Custode
+    Generale_."
+
+He slightly mentions the German academics of the sixteenth century (III.
+ix. 30.), and says:
+
+    "It is probable that religious animosities stood in the way of such
+    institutions, _or they may have flourished without obtaining much
+    celebrity_."
+
+The academy of Pegnitz-shepherds ("Pegnitzshäfer-orden") took its name from
+the little river Pegnitz which runs through Nuremberg. Herr Sigmond von
+Birken was elected a member in 1645. He chose _Floridan_ as his pastoral
+name, and the amaranth as his flower. In 1658 he was admitted to the Palm
+Academy ("Palmen-orden"), choosing the name _Der Erwacsene_ (the adult?),
+and the snowdrop. In 1659, a vacancy having occurred in the
+Pegnitz-Herdsmen ("Pegnitz-Hirten") he was thought worthy to fill it, and
+in 1679 he received the diploma of the Venetian order of the Recuperati. He
+died in 1681. This, and what can be hung upon it, is _Die Betrübte
+Pegnitz_, a dialogue of 406 pages. It opens with a meeting of shepherds and
+shepherdesses, who go in and out of their cottages on the banks of the
+Pegnitz, and tell one another, what all seem equally well acquainted with,
+the entire life of their deceased friend. It would not be easy to find a
+work more clumsy in conception and tasteless in execution. Herr von Birken
+seems to have been a prosperous man, and to have enjoyed a high pastoral
+reputation. His works are enumerated, but the catalogue looks ephemeral.
+There is, however, one with a promising title: _Die Trockene Trunkenheit,
+oder die Gebrauch und Missbrauch des Tabacks_. His portrait, as "Der
+Erwachsene," is prefixed. It has not a shepherd-like look. He seems about
+fifty, with a fat face, laced cravat, and large flowing wig. There are
+twenty-four emblematical plates, rather below the average of their time.
+
+As so secondary a town as Nuremberg had at least three academies, we may
+infer that such {17} institutions were abundant in Germany, in the
+seventeenth century: that of the Pegnitz shepherds lasted at least till the
+beginning of the eighteenth. In _Der Thörichte Pritschmeister_, a comedy
+printed at Coblenz, 1704, one of the characters is "Phantasirende, ein
+Pegnitz Schäffer," who talks fustian and is made ridiculous throughout. The
+comedy is "von Menantes." I have another work by the same author: _Galante,
+Verliebte, und Satyrische Gedichte_, Hamburg, 1704. I shall be very glad to
+be told who he was, as his versification is often very good, and his jokes,
+though not graceful, and not very laughable, are real.
+
+H. B. C.
+
+U. U. Club.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGES EN CHEMISE.--MANTELKINDER.--LEGITIMATION.
+
+(Vol. vi., pp. 485. 561.)
+
+The popular error on the legal effect of marriage _en chemise_ is, I think,
+noticed among other vulgar errors in law in a little book published some
+twenty years ago under the name of _Westminster Hall_, to which a deceased
+lawyer of eminence, then young at the bar, was a contributor. I believe the
+opinion to be still extensively prevalent, and to be probably founded, not
+exactly in total ignorance, but in a misconception, of the law. The text
+writers inform us that "the husband is liable for the wife's debts,
+_because_ he acquires an absolute interest in the personal estate of the
+wife," &c. (Bacon's _Abridgment_, tit. "Baron and Feme.") Now an unlearned
+person, who hears this doctrine, might reasonably conclude, that if his
+bride has no estate at all, he will incur no liability; and the future
+husband, more prudent than refined, might think it as well to notify to his
+neighbours, by an unequivocal symbol, that he took no pecuniary benefit
+with his wife, and therefore expected to be free from her pecuniary
+burdens. In this, as in most other popular errors, there is found a
+_substratum_ of reason.
+
+With regard to the other vulgar error, noticed at the foot of MR. BROOKS'
+communication (p. 561.), that "all children under the girdle at the time of
+marriage are legitimate," the origin of it is more obvious. Every one knows
+of the "legitimatio per subsequens matrimonium" of the canonists, and how
+the barons assembled in parliament at Merton refused to engraft this law of
+the Church on the jurisprudence of England. But it is not perhaps so well
+known that, upon such a marriage the premature offspring of the bride and
+bridegroom sometimes used to perform a part in the ceremony, and received
+the nuptial benediction under the veil or mantle of the bride or the
+pallium of the altar. Hence the children so legitimated are said to have
+been called by the Germans _Mantelkinder_. The learning on this head is to
+be found in Hommel's _Jurisprudentia Numismatibus Illustrata_ (Lipsiæ,
+1763), pp. 214-218., where the reader will also find a pictorial
+illustration of the ceremony from a codex of the _Novellæ_ in the library
+of Christian Schwarz. The practice seems to have been borrowed from the
+form of adopting children, noticed in the same work and in Ducange, verb.
+"Pallium, _Pallio cooperire_;" and in Grimm's _Deut. Rechts Alterth._, p.
+465.
+
+Let me add a word on the famous negative given to the demand of the clergy
+at Merton. No reason was assigned, or, at least, has been recorded, but a
+general unwillingness to change the laws of England. As the same barons did
+in fact consent to change them in other particulars, this can hardly have
+been the reason. Sir W. Blackstone speaks of the consequent uncertainty of
+heirship and discouragement of matrimony as among the causes of
+rejection,--arguments of very questionable weight. Others (as Bishop Hurd,
+in his _Dialogues_) have attributed the rejection to the constitutional
+repugnance of the barons to the general principles of the canon and
+imperial law, which the proposed change might have tended to introduce,--a
+degree of forethought and a range of political vision for which I can
+hardly give them credit, especially as the great legal authority of that
+day, Bracton, has borrowed the best part of his celebrated Treatise from
+the Corpus Juris. The most plausible motive which I have yet heard assigned
+for this famous parliamentary negative on the bishops' bill at Merton, is
+suggested (quod minimè reris!) in an Assistant Poor-Law Commissioner's
+Report (vol. vi. of the 8vo. printed series), viz. that bastardy multiplied
+the escheats which accrued to medieval lords of manors.
+
+E. SMIRKE.
+
+A venerable person whose mind is richly stored with "shreds and patches" of
+folk-lore and local antiquities, on seeing the "curious marriage entry" (p.
+485.), has furnished me with the following explanation.
+
+It is the popular belief at Kirton in Lindsey that if a woman, who has
+contracted debts previous to her marriage, leave her residence in a state
+of nudity, and go to that of her future husband, he the husband will not be
+liable for any such debts.
+
+A case of this kind actually occurred in that highly civilised town within
+my informant's memory; the woman leaving her house from a bedroom window,
+and putting on some clothes as she stood on the top of the ladder by which
+she accomplished her descent.
+
+K. P. D. E.
+
+In that amusing work, Burn's _History of the Fleet Marriages_, p. 77.,
+occurs the following entry:--"The woman ran across Ludgate Hill in her
+shift;" to which the editor has added this note:--"The _Daily Journal_ of
+8th November, 1725, mentions a similar exhibition at Ulcomb in {18} Kent.
+It was a vulgar error that a man was not liable to the bride's debts, if he
+took her in no other apparel than her shift."
+
+J. Y.
+
+Saffron Walden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDITIONS OF THE PRAYER-BOOK PRIOR TO 1662.
+
+(Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564.)
+
+As MR. SPARROW SIMPSON invites additions to his list from all quarters, I
+send him my contribution: and as I see that he has included _translations_
+of our Liturgy into other languages, I do the same:
+
+  1552. Worcester. Jo. Oswen. Folio.
+  1560. London. Jugge and Cawood. 4to.
+  1565. London. Jugge and Cawood. 8vo.
+  1607. London. Folio.
+  1629. London. Folio.
+  1629. Cambridge. Folio.
+  1632. London. 4to.
+  1633. London. 4to.
+  1634. London. Folio.
+  1635. London. 4to.
+  1638. Cambridge. 4to.
+  1639. London. Folio.
+  1641. London. 4to.
+  1660. Cambridge. Folio.
+  1644. The Scotch, by Laud and the Scotch bishops. Printed by John Jones.
+      8vo.
+  1551. Latine versa, per Alex. Absium. Lipsiæ. 4to.
+  1594.     "             "             London. 8vo.
+  S. A.     "        by Reginald Wolfe. London. 4to.
+  1638. In Greek. London. 8vo.
+  1616. In French. London. 4to.
+  1608. In Irish. Dublin. Folio.
+  1612. In Spanish. London. 4to.
+  1621. In Welsh. London. 4to.
+
+All the foregoing editions are in the Bodleian Library. I may add to them
+the following three:
+
+  1.--1551. Dublin, by Humfrey Powell. Folio
+  2.--1617(?). Dublin. Company of Stationers. 4to
+  3.--1637. Dublin.
+
+The _first_ of these, which is the first book printed in Ireland, is
+extremely rare. I believe only two copies are certainly known to exist; one
+of which is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin; and the other in
+that of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Both are in very fine condition.
+
+The _second_ is in my possession. The book is quite perfect; but some
+wiseacre has carefully erased the date. The _Almanac for xxvi Yeares_ tells
+nothing, being for the years 1603 to 1628. But the book contains a prayer
+for "Frederick, the Prince Elector Palatine, and the Lady Elizabeth, his
+wife, with their hopeful issue." He married the princess in 1613; and in
+1619 he was elected King of Bohemia, and thenceforward would be prayed for
+under his higher title. If the Sunday letter in the calendar is to be
+trusted, the book was printed (according to De Morgan's _Book of Almanacs_)
+in 1617. The Dublin Society of Stationers was established in that year; and
+it is not unlikely that they commenced their issues with a Prayer-Book. I
+have never seen nor heard of another copy, with which I might compare mine,
+and thus ascertain its date.
+
+The _third_, of 1637, is reported; but I have never met with it.
+
+H. COTTON.
+
+Thurles.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ETYMOLOGY OF PEARL.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 578.)
+
+The inquiry of your correspondent IFIGFOWL respecting the etymology of the
+word _pearl_ does not admit of a simple answer. The word occurs in all the
+modern languages, both Romance and Teutonic: _perla_, Ital. and Span.;
+_perle_, French and German, whence the English _pearl_. Adelung in v.
+believes the word to be of Teutonic origin, and considers it as the
+diminutive of _beere_, a berry. Others derive it from _perna_, the Latin
+name of a shell-fish (see Ducange in _perlæ_; Diez, _Grammatik der
+Romanischen Sprachen_, vol. i. p. 235.). Neither of these derivations is
+probable: it is not shown that _beere_ had a diminutive form, and _perna_
+was a local and obscure name: see Pliny, _N. H._ xxxii. ad fin. Salmasius
+(_Exercit. Plin._, p. 40. ed. 1689) thinks that _perla_ is formed from
+_perula_, for _sperula_, the diminutive of _sphæra_. A more probable origin
+is that the word is formed from the Latin _pirum_, as suggested by Diez, in
+allusion to the pear-shaped form of the pearl. Ducange in v. says that the
+extremity of the nose was called _pirula nasi_, from its resemblance to the
+form of a pear. But _pirus_ was used to denote a boundary-stone, made in a
+pyramidal shape (Ducange in v.); and this seems to have been the origin of
+the singular expression _pirula nasi_, as being something at the extremity.
+Another supposition is, that the word _perla_ is derived from the Latin
+_perula_, the diminutive of _pera_, a wallet. A wallet was a small bag hung
+round the neck; and the word _perula_, in the sense of a small bag, occurs
+in Seneca and Apuleius. The analogy of shape and mode of wearing is
+sufficiently close to suggest the transfer of the name. _Perula_ and
+_perulus_ are used in Low Latin in the sense of _pearl_. Ducange cites a
+passage from a hagiographer, where _perula_ means the white of the eye,
+evidently alluding to the colour of the pearl.
+
+The choice seems to lie between _perula_ as the diminutive of _pera_ or of
+_pirum_. Neither derivation is improbable. It is to be observed that the
+modern Italian form of _pirum_, the fruit of the pear, is _pera_; the
+modern feminine noun being, as in numerous other cases, formed from the
+plural of the Latin neuter noun (see Diez, ib. vol. ii. p. 19.). The
+analogy of _unio_ (to which I shall {19} advert presently) supports the
+derivation from the fruit; the derivation from _pera_, a wallet, is, on
+merely linguistical grounds, preferable.
+
+The Greek name of _pearl_ is [Greek: margaritês], originally applied to a
+precious stone, and apparently moulded out of some oriental name, into a
+form suited to the Greek pronunciation. Scott and Liddell in v. derive it
+from the Persian _murwari_. Pliny, _H. N._ ix. 56., speaking of the pearl,
+says: "Apud Græcos non est, ne apud barbaros quidem inventores ejus, aliud
+quam margaritæ." The Greek name _Margarita_ was used by the Romans, but the
+proper Latin name for the pearl was _unio_. Pliny (ibid.) explains this
+word by saying that each pearl is _unique_, and unlike every other pearl.
+Ammianus Marcellinus (lib. xxiii. ad fin.) thinks that pearls were called
+_uniones_, because the best were found single in the shell; Solinus (c.
+53.) because they were always found single. The more homely explanation of
+Salmasius seems, however, to be the true one; namely, that the common word
+for an onion, growing in a single bulb, was transferred to the pearl
+(_Exercit. Plin._, pp. 822-4.; Columella _de R. R._ xii. 10.). The ancient
+meaning of _unio_ is still preserved in the French _ognon_.
+
+L.
+
+Your correspondent asks the "etymon of our English word _pearl_." It would
+not be uninteresting to learn, at the same time, at what period _pearl_
+came into general use as an English word? Burton, who wrote his _Anatomy_
+in the reign of James I., uses the word _union_ (from the Latin _unio_)
+instead of _pearl_ (_Anat. Melanc._, vol. ii. part 2. sec. 3. mem. 3., and
+ib., p. 2. sec. 4. mem. 1. subs. 4.). In the latter passage he says "Those
+smaller unions which are found in shells, amongst the Persians and Indians,
+are very cordial, and most part avail to the exhilaration of the heart."
+
+The Latin term _unio_ differs from "margarita," in so far as it seems to
+have been applied by Pliny to distinguish the small and ill-shaped pearls,
+from the large round and perfect, which he calls "margaritæ." And in his
+ninth book, c. 59., he defines the difference philologically, as well as
+philosophically. Philemon Holland, who published his translation of Pliny
+in 1634, about thirteen years after Burton published the first edition of
+his _Anatomy_, uses the word _pearl_ indifferently as the equivalent both
+of _margarita_ and _unio_.
+
+Query: Was the word _union_ generally received in England instead of
+_pearl_ in Burton's time, and when did it give place to it?
+
+J. EMERSON TENNANT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"MARTIN DRUNK."
+
+(Vol. v., p. 587.)
+
+Has not the following song something to do with the expression "Martin
+drunk"? It is certainly cotemporary with Thomas Nash the Elizabethan
+satirist, and was long a favourite "three man's" song. It is copied from
+_Deuteromelia, or the Second Part of Musick's Melodie_, 4to., 1609:
+
+ "MARTIN SAID TO HIS MAN.
+
+ "Martin said to his man,
+                      Fie! man, fie!
+  O Martin said to his man,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+  Martin said to his man,
+  Fill thou the cup, and I the can;
+  Thou hast well drunken, man,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+
+ "I see a sheepe shering corne,
+                      Fie! man, fie!
+  I see a sheepe shering corne,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+  I see a sheepe shering corne,
+  And a cuckold blow his horne;
+  Thou hast well drunken, man,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+
+ "I see a man in the moone,
+                      Fie! man, fie!
+  I see a man in the moone;
+                      Who's the foole now?
+  I see a man in the moone,
+  Clowting of St. Peter's shoone;
+  Thou hast well drunken, man,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+
+ "I see a hare chase a hound,
+                      Fie! man, fie!
+  I see a hare chase a hound,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+  I see a hare chase a hound,
+  Twenty mile above the ground;
+  Thou hast well drunken, man,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+
+ "I see a goose ring a hog,
+                      Fie! man, fie!
+  I see a goose ring a hog,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+  I see a goose ring a hog,
+  And a snayle that did bite a dog;
+  Thou hast well drunken, man,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+
+ "I see a mouse catch the cat,
+                      Fie! man, fie!
+  I see a mouse catch the cat,
+                      Who's the foole now?
+  I see a mouse catch the cat,
+  And the cheese to eate the rat;
+  Thou hast well drunken, man,
+                      Who's the foole now?"
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GÖTHE'S REPLY TO NICOLAI.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 434.).
+
+Had M. M. E. gone to the fountain-head, and consulted Göthe's own statement
+in his autobiography, he would have seen in the _Werke_, vol. xxvi. {20} p.
+229., that Mr. Hayward's note was not written with that writer's usual
+care. Göthe does not say that his reply to Nicolai's _Joys of Werter_,
+though circulated only in MS., destroyed N.'s literary reputation: on the
+contrary, he says that his squib (for it was no more) consisted of an
+epigram, not fit for communication, and a dialogue between Charlotte and
+Werter, which was never copied, and long lost; but that this dialogue,
+exposing N.'s impertinence, was written with a foreboding of his sad habit,
+afterwards developed, of treating of subjects out of his depth, which
+habit, notwithstanding his indisputable merits of another kind, utterly
+destroyed his reputation. This was most true: and yet all such assertions
+must be taken in a qualified sense. Nearly thirty years after this was
+written I partook of the hospitality of N. at Berlin. It was in 1803, when
+he was at the head, not of the Berlin literati, but of the book-manufactory
+of Prussia. He was then what, afterwards and elsewhere, the Longmans,
+Murrays, Constables, Cottas, and Brockhauses were,--the great publisher of
+his age and country. The _entrepreneur_ of the _Neue Deutsche Bibliothek_
+may be compared with the publishers of our and the French great
+Cyclopædias, and our Quarterly Reviews.
+
+It was unfortunate for the posthumous reputation of the great bibliopolist
+that he, patronising a school that was dying out, made war on the athletes
+of the rising school. He assailed nearly every great man, philosopher or
+poet, from Kant and Göthe downwards, especially of the schools of Saxony,
+Swabia, and the free imperial cities. No wonder that he became afterwards
+what Macfleckno and Colly Cibber had been to Dryden and Pope. In some dozen
+of the _Xenien_ of Göthe and Schiller, in 1797, he was treated as the
+Arch-Philistine.
+
+M. M. E. characterises him as the "friend" and "fellow-labourer" of
+Lessing. Now Lessing was incomparably the most eminent _littérateur_ of the
+earlier part of that age,--the man who was the forerunner of the
+philosophers, and whose criticisms supplied the place of poetry. The
+satirists of the _Xenien_ affect to compassionate Lessing, in having to
+endure a companion so forced on him as Nicolai was, whom they speak of as a
+"thorn in the crown of the martyr." The few who care for the literary
+controversies of the age of Göthe in Germany will be greatly assisted by an
+edition of the _Xenien_, with notes, published at Dantzig, 1833.
+
+H. C. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Processes upon Paper._--The favourable manner in which the account I have
+given of the Collodion process has been received, not only by your readers
+in general, as has been evinced by many private letters, but also by the
+numerous correspondents it has drawn forth, induces me, after some little
+delay, to request space for a description of the following processes upon
+paper. In giving these I wish it to be understood that I may offer but
+little that is original, my object being to describe, as plainly as I
+possibly can, these easy methods, and to make no observation but what I
+have found to be successful in my own hands. I have had the good fortune to
+obtain the friendship of some of the most successful photographers of the
+day; and taking three very eminent ones, I find they have each some
+peculiarities in his mode of manipulation, varying with each other in the
+strength of the solutions employed, and producing results the most
+agreeable to their respective tastes. Reviewing these different processes
+in my own mind, and trying with patience the various results, I conclude
+that the following quantities are calculated to produce an adequate degree
+of sensibility in the paper, and yet to allow it to be prepared for the
+action of light for many hours previous to its use, and yet with more
+certainty than any other I am acquainted with. I think I may always depend
+upon it for twenty-four to thirty-six hours after excitement, and I have
+seen good pictures produced upon the third day. I believe it is a rule
+which admits of no contradiction, that the more you dilute your solution,
+the longer the excited paper will keep; but in proportion to its diminished
+sensibility, the time of exposure must be prolonged, and therefore I am,
+from this waste of time and other reasons, disposed to place much less
+value upon the wax-paper process than many do.
+
+The process I am about to describe is so simple, and I hope to make it so
+intelligible to your non-photographic readers, that a perfect novice, using
+ordinary care, must meet with success; but should I fail doing so upon all
+points, any information sought through the medium of "N. & Q." shall meet
+with explanation from myself, if not from other of your experienced
+correspondents, whose indulgence I must beg should the communication be
+deemed too elementary, it being my earnest desire to point out to
+archæologists who are desirous of acquiring this knowledge, how easily they
+themselves may practise this beautiful art, and possess those objects they
+would desire to preserve, in a far more truthful state than could be
+otherwise accomplished.
+
+I have not myself met that uniform success with any other paper that I have
+with Turner's photographic of Chafford Mills: a sheet of this divided into
+two portions forms at the same time a useful and also a very easily-managed
+size, one adapted for most cameras, forming a picture of nine inches by
+seven, which is adequate for nearly every purpose. Each sheet being marked
+in its opposite corners with a plain pencil-mark on its smooth side (vide
+_antè_, p. 372.), the surface for {21} all future operations is in all
+lights easily discerned. In my instructions for printing from collodion
+negatives, a form of iodized paper was given, which, although very good, is
+not, I think, equal to the following, which is more easily and quickly
+prepared, exhibits a saving of the iodide of potassium, and is upon the
+whole a neater mode.
+
+Take sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of iodide of
+potassium; dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled water; mix
+together and stir with a glass rod. The precipitate settling, the fluid is
+to be poured away; then add distilled water to the precipitate up to four
+ounces, and add to it 650 grains of iodide of potassium, which _should_
+re-dissolve the precipitated iodide of silver, and form a perfectly clear
+solution; but if not, a little more must be carefully added, for this salt
+varies much, and I have found it to require 720 grains to accomplish the
+desired object.
+
+The fluid being put into a porcelain or glass dish, the paper should be
+laid down upon its surface and immediately removed, and being laid upon a
+piece of blotting-paper with the wet surface uppermost, a glass rod then
+passed over it to and fro ensures the _total expulsion_ of all particles of
+air, which will frequently remain when the mere dipping is resorted to.
+When dry, this paper should be soaked in common water for three hours,
+changing the water twice or thrice, so as to remove all the soluble salts.
+It should then be pinned up to dry, and, when so, kept in a folio for use.
+I have in this manner prepared from sixty to eighty sheets in an evening
+with the greatest ease. It keeps good for an indefinite time, and, as all
+experienced photographers are aware, unless you possess good iodized paper,
+which should be of a _primrose_ colour, you cannot meet with success in
+your after-operations. Iodized paper becomes sometimes of a bright
+brimstone colour when first made; it is then very apt to brown in its use,
+but tones down and improves by a little keeping.
+
+To excite this paper, dissolve thirty grains of nitrate of silver in one
+ounce of distilled water, and add a drachm and a half of glacial acetic
+acid; of this solution take one drachm, and one drachm of saturated
+solution of gallic acid[3], and add to it two ounces and a half of
+distilled water. The iodized surface of the paper may then be either
+floated on the surface of the aceto-nitrate of silver or exciting fluid,
+and afterwards a rod passed over, as was formerly done in the iodizing, or
+the aceto-nitrate may be applied evenly with a brush; but in either
+instance the surface should be immediately blotted off; and the same
+blotting-paper never used a second time for this, although it may be kept
+to develop on and for other purposes. It will be scarcely needful to
+observe that this process of exciting must be performed by the light of a
+candle or feeble yellow light, as must the subsequent development. The
+excited paper may be now placed for use between sheets of blotting-paper;
+it seems to act equally well either when damp or when kept for many hours,
+and I have found it good for more than a week.
+
+The time for exposure must entirely depend upon the degree of light. In two
+minutes and a half a good picture may be produced; but if left exposed for
+twenty minutes or more, little harm will arise; the paper does not
+solarize, but upon the degree of image visible upon the paper depends the
+means of developing. When long exposed, a saturated solution of gallic acid
+only applied to the exposed surfaces will be sufficient; but if there is
+little appearance of an image, then a free undiluted solution of
+aceto-nitrate may be used, in conjunction with the gallic acid, the former
+never being in proportion more than one-third. If that quantity is
+exceeded, either a brownish or an unpleasant reddish tint is often
+obtained. These negatives should be fixed by immersing them in a solution
+of hyposulphite of soda, which may be of the strength of one ounce of salt
+to eight ounces of water--the sufficiency of immersion being known by the
+disappearance of the yellow colour, and when they have been once immersed
+they may be taken to the daylight to ascertain this. The hyposulphite must
+now be perfectly removed by soaking in water, which may extend to several
+hours; but this may be always ascertained by the tongue, for, if tasteless,
+it has been accomplished. If it is deemed advisable--which I think is only
+required in very dark over-done pictures--to wax the negative, it is easily
+managed by holding a piece of white wax or candle in front of a clean iron
+rather hot, and passing it frequently over the surface. The superabundant
+wax being again removed by passing it between some clean pieces of
+blotting-paper. Although the minuter details can never be acquired by this
+mode which are obtained by the collodion process, it has the advantage of
+extreme simplicity, and by the operator providing himself with a bag or
+square of yellow calico, which he can loosely peg down to the ground when
+no other shade is near, to contain spare prepared papers, he can at any
+future time obtain a sufficient number of views, which afterwards he can
+develop at his leisure.
+
+It requires no liquids to be carried about with you, nor is that nice
+manipulation required which attends the collodion process.
+
+The wax-paper process has been extolled by many, and very successful
+results have been obtained: the paper has the undoubted advantage of
+keeping after being excited much longer than any other; but, from my own
+experience, just so much the weaker it is made, and so as to safely rely
+upon its long remaining useful, so it is proportionally slower in its
+action. And I have rarely seen from {22} wax negatives positives so
+satisfactory in depth of tone, as from those which have been waxed after
+being taken on ordinary paper. It is all very well for gentlemen to
+advocate a sort of photographic tour, upon which you are to go on taking
+views day after day, and when you return home at leisure to develop your
+past proceedings: I never yet knew one so lukewarm in this pursuit as not
+to desire to know, at his _earliest possible_ opportunity, the result of
+his labours; indeed, were not this the case, I fear disappointment would
+more often result than at present, for I scarcely think any one can exactly
+decide upon the power of the light of any given day, without having made
+some little trial to guide him. I have myself, especially with collodion,
+found the action very rapid upon some _apparently_ dull day; whilst, from
+an unexplained cause, a comparatively brighter day has been less active in
+its photographic results. As in the previous process, I would strongly
+advise Turner's paper to be used, and not the thin French papers generally
+adopted, because I find all the high lights so much better preserved in the
+English paper. It may be purchased ready waxed nearly as cheap as it may be
+done by one's self; but as many operators like to possess that which is
+entirely their own production, the following mode will be found a ready way
+of waxing:--Procure a piece of thick smooth slate, a trifle larger than the
+paper to be used; waste pieces of this description are always occurring at
+the slate works, and are of a trifling value. This should be made very hot
+by laying it close before a fire; then, covered with one layer of thick
+blotting-paper, it will form a most admirable surface upon which to use the
+iron. Taking a piece of wax in the left hand, an iron well heated being
+pressed against it, it may rapidly be made to flow over the whole surface
+with much evenness, the surplus wax being afterwards removed by ironing
+between blotting-paper. When good, it should be colourless, free from
+gloss, and having the beautiful semi-transparent appearance of the Chinese
+rice-paper. To iodize the paper completely, immerse it in the following
+solution:
+
+  Iodide of potash           200 grains.
+  Mannite                      6 drachms.
+  Cyanide of potash            5 grains.
+  Distilled water             20 ounces.
+
+Allow it to remain three hours, taking care that air-particles are
+perfectly excluded, and once during the time turning over each sheet of
+paper, as many being inserted as the fluid will conveniently cover, as it
+is not injured by after keeping. It should be then removed from the iodide
+bath, pinned up, and dried, ready for use. When required to be excited, the
+paper should, by the light of a candle, be immersed in the following
+solution, where it should remain for five minutes:
+
+  Nitrate of silver            4 drachms.
+  Glacial acetic acid          4 drachms.
+  Distilled water              8 ounces.
+
+Being removed from the aceto-nitrate bath, immerse it into a pan of
+distilled water, where let it remain about a quarter of an hour. In order
+to make this paper keep a week or two, it must be immersed in a second
+water, which in point of fact is a mere reduction of the strength of the
+solutions already used; but for ordinary purposes, and when the paper is to
+be used within three or four days, one immersion is quite sufficient,
+especially as it does not reduce its sensitiveness in a needless way. It
+may now be preserved between blotting-paper, free from light, for future
+use. The time of exposure requisite for this paper will exceed that of the
+ordinary unwaxed, given in the previous directions. The picture may be
+developed by a complete immersion also in a saturated solution of gallic
+acid; but should it not have been exposed a sufficient time in the camera,
+a few drops of the aceto-nitrate solution added to the gallic acid greatly
+accelerates it. An excess of aceto-nitrate often produces an unpleasant red
+tint, which is to be avoided. Instead of complete immersion, the paper may
+be laid upon some waste blotting-paper, and the surface only wetted by
+means of the glass rod or brush. The picture may now be fixed by the use of
+the hyposulphite of soda, as in the preceding process.
+
+It is not actually necessary that this should be a wax-paper process,
+because ordinary paper treated in this way acts very beautifully, although
+it does not allow of so long keeping for use after excitement; yet it has
+then the advantage, that a negative may either be waxed or not, as shall be
+deemed advisable by its apparent depth of action.
+
+HUGH W. DIAMOND.
+
+[Footnote 3: the gallic acid was omitted in Issue 166, but inserted by an
+erratum in Issue 168. Also "a saturated solution of gallic acid" was
+printed as "a solvent solution ...", "hyposulphate" appeared for
+"hyposulphite" throughout, and "solari_s_e" for "solari_z_e"--Transcriber.]
+
+_Exhibition of recent Specimens of Photography at the Society of
+Arts._--This exhibition, to which all interested in the art have been
+invited to contribute, was inaugurated by a conversazione at the Society's
+rooms, on the evening of Wednesday, the 22nd of December: the public have
+since been admitted at a charge of sixpence each, and it will continue open
+until the 8th of January.
+
+We strongly recommend all our friends to pay a visit to this most
+delightful collection. By our visit at the crowded conversazione, and
+another hasty view since, we do not feel justified to enter into a review
+and criticism of the specimens so fully as the subject requires; but in the
+mean time we can assure our archæological readers that they will find there
+such interesting records of architectural detail, together with views of
+antiquities from Egypt and Nubia, as will perfectly convince them of the
+value of this art with reference to their own immediate pursuits. Those who
+feel less delight in mere antiquity will be gratified {23} to see, for the
+first time, that there are here shown photographs which aim at more than
+the bare copying of any particular spot; for many of the pictures here
+exhibited may rank as fine works of art. We feel much delicacy and
+hesitation in mentioning any particular artist, where so many are entitled
+to praise, especially in some particular departments. We could point out
+pictures having all the minute truthfulness of nature, combined with the
+beautiful effects of some of the greatest painters. We must, however,
+direct especial attention to the landscapes of Mr. Turner, the views in the
+Pyrenees by Mr. Stewart, and one splendid one of the same locality by Le
+Gray. Mr. Buckle's views in paper also exhibit a sharpness and detail
+almost equal to collodion; as do the various productions of Mr. Fenton in
+wax paper. The effects obtained also by Mr. Owen of Bristol appear to be
+very satisfactory: why they are, with so much excellence, called
+_experimental_, we cannot tell. In collodion Mr. Berger has exhibited some
+effective portraits; and we think the success of Mr. De la Motte has been
+so great, that in some of his productions little remains to be desired. We
+cannot conclude this brief notice without directing attention to the
+minuteness and pleasing effect of the views in Rome by M. Eugène Constant,
+which are also from collodion; as also the specimens from albumen negatives
+of M. Ferrier; and, lastly, to the pleasant fact that lady amateurs are now
+practising this art,--very nice specimens being here exhibited by the
+Ladies Nevill, whose example we shall hope to see followed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Quotation in Locke_ (Vol. vi., p. 386.).--The words "Si non vis intelligi
+non debes legi" were, I believe, the exclamation of St. Jerome, as he threw
+his copy of Persius into the fire in a fit of testiness at being unable to
+construe some tough lines of that tough author. I set down this reply from
+memory, and am unable to give the authority for it.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+_Pic-nic_ (Vol. vi., pp. 152. 518.).--The Query of A. F. S. (p. 152.) as to
+the etymology of _pic-nic_ still remains unanswered. The Note of W. W. (p.
+518.) merely refers to the time (1802) when pic-nic suppers first became
+fashionable in England. Under a French form, the word appears in a speech
+of Robespierre's, quoted in the _British and Foreign Review_ for July,
+1844, p. 620.: "C'est ici qu'il doit m'accuser, et non dans les
+_piques-niques_, dans les sociétés particulières." An earlier instance
+occurs in one of Lord Chesterfield's letters (No. 167.), dated October
+1748.
+
+JAYDEE.
+
+_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 488. 558.).--Nuneham Regis
+was granted to John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, in the seventh year of
+King Edward VI.; but as it was forfeited on his attainder, in the first
+year of Queen Mary, and immediately granted by her to Sir Rowland Hill,
+knight, and citizen of London, from whom Sir Thomas Leigh, knight, and
+alderman of London, almost immediately acquired it; and as he exercised the
+right of presentation to the vicarage in the first year of the reign of
+Queen Elizabeth, there is no probability of the body of John, Duke of
+Northumberland, being removed from the Tower of London to Newnham.
+
+The letters T. B. on the clothes on the body at Nuneham are distinctly
+worked in Roman capitals, like those on a common sampler. I have seen them.
+
+J. S.S.
+
+_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 543.).--
+
+ "Sit mihi nec glis servus nec hospes hirudo."
+
+ "From servant lazy as dormouse,
+  Or leeching guest, God keep my house."
+
+MR. WOODWARD tells us that he quotes this inscription "from memory:" it is
+so very pertinent that it seems a pity even to hint a correction, but, as I
+read it, it seemed partly familiar to me, and I find something so like the
+latter part of it in two ancient authors, that I am tempted to inquire
+whether he may not have omitted _one letter_, which alters the sense as
+given above, and yet gives a sense as good.
+
+Among the Symbols of Pythagoras, I read the following:
+
+ "[Greek: Omôrophious chelidônas mê echein]."
+
+ "Domesticas hiru_n_dines ne habeto."
+
+To the same effect (but, strange to say, without any reference to
+Pythagoras' dictum), we find it in the _proverbia_ of Polydore Virgil (A.D.
+1498):
+
+ "Hiru_n_do suscipienda non est."
+
+and the exposition is the same in both:
+
+    "Hirundo garrula semper, _i.e._ garruli et tumigeri homines recipiendi
+    non sunt."
+
+I find no original for the former part of the inscription. Probably MR.
+WOODWARD will agree with me, that it is difficult to decide whether a
+greedy or a gossipping guest would be the worst household infliction; but
+as a careful householder might well deprecate either, as matter of
+curiosity perhaps he would refer to the original inscription again, and
+decide whether he has or has not omitted an "n."
+
+A. B. R.
+
+Belmont.
+
+Stratford Parsonage, Wilts:
+
+ "Parva sed apta Domino.
+          1675."
+
+Montacute House, Somerset:
+
+ "Through this wide opening gate
+  None come too soon, none go too late.
+              And yours."
+
+{24}
+
+Sudbury House, Derbyshire:
+
+ "Omne Bonum Dei Donum."
+
+At Verona:
+
+ "Patet Janua, Cor magis."
+
+The next I have seen somewhere:
+
+ "Detur digniori."
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Clyst St. George.
+
+_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 513.).--The _pile_ is invariably on
+the obverse or _head_ side of a coin; and _pile_ or _poll_ both mean the
+head, from whence the "poll tax" and "poll groat"--a tax paid by the head,
+or a personal tax, of which we have an historical example of its collector
+in the case of Wat Tyler.
+
+Ruding, in _Annals of the Coinage_, vol. ii. p. 119., 8vo., edit. 1819,
+states that Ed. I. A.D. 1304, in the delivering out the stamps for the
+coinage, orders that three _piles_ and six _crosses_ shall be given. It is
+well known to all numismatists that all, or most early coins, both Saxon
+and English, had a head on the obverse and a cross on the reverse--the
+latter being placed on the coins as symbolical of Christianity.
+
+_Pile_ also means the hair, or any filament: as the "pile of velvet, the
+nap of woollen cloth," &c. And Jamieson, in his _Scotch Dictionary_, says:
+
+    "PILE. The soft hair which first appears on the chins of young men."
+
+Coles, Ashe, Webster, and others give the same meaning.
+
+The superstitious effect of the cross as a charm or amulet is well known;
+from whence the saying:
+
+    "I have never a cross in my purse to keep the Devil away."
+
+Again:
+
+    "Priests were coin-proof against the Devil, they never being without
+    money; of course, always had a cross in their pocket."--Gilpin's
+    _Beehive of the Romish Church_, 1636, p. 251.
+
+And Nash, in the Supplication of Pierce Penniless to the Devil, makes
+Pierce to say:
+
+    "Whereas your impious excellence hath had the poore tenement of my
+    purse anytime this half year for your dancing schole, and he,
+    notwithstanding, hath received no penye nor crosse for farme," &c.
+
+And the poet Skelton says:
+
+ ". . . . . . . . and in his pouche,
+  The Devil might dance therein for any crouche."
+                                  P. 71.
+
+Trusting the above will be satisfactory to D. W. S., I beg to conclude,
+thinking, you will say I have already made "much ado about nothing."
+
+GODDARD JOHNSON.
+
+_Rhymes upon Places_ (Vol. vi. p. 281.).--Perhaps you will think the
+following rhymes upon places worth insertion:
+
+ "I stood upon Eyemouth Fort,
+  And guess ye what I saw?
+  Fairmiside and Furmintong,
+  Neuhouses and Cocklaw,
+  The fairy fouk o' Fosterland,
+  The witches o' Edincran,
+  The bly-rigs o' Reston;
+  But Dunse dings a'."
+
+Near the seaside village of Eyemouth, in Berwickshire, is a promontory
+marked with a succession of grassy mounds, the remains of a fort built
+there in the regency of Mary of Lorraine. A number of places are
+represented as visible from the fort: but here fact is not strictly adhered
+to.
+
+Fosterland once existed in the parish of Bunkle as a small village; but
+even its vestiges are not now visible on the brown moor where it once
+stood. Edincran, properly Auchinchran, is an estate in the vicinity of
+Fosterland, as is Reston also. There is a variation as follows:
+
+ "The fairy fouk o' Fosterland,
+  The witches o' Edincran,
+  And the rye-kail o' Reston
+  Gar'd a' the dogs die."
+
+The rye-kail alluded to must have been a broth chiefly made from rye, which
+grain, it is well known, is sometimes so much tainted as to be poisonous.
+
+C. BENSON.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+[Greek: Arnion] (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--Probably your correspondent is aware
+of the explanation given by Dr. Wordsworth in his book on the Apocalypse,
+but does not think it satisfactory. Still, as he does not allude to it, I
+venture to transcribe it:
+
+    "The Apocalypse abounds in contrasts. For example, the LAMB, who is
+    always called [Greek: Amnos], never [Greek: Arnion], in St. John's
+    _Gospel_, is called [Greek: Arnion], never [Greek: Amnos], in St.
+    John's _Apocalypse_, in which [Greek: Arnion] occurs twenty-nine times.
+    And why does [Greek: ho Amnos] here become [Greek: to Arnion]? To
+    _contrast_ Him more strongly with [Greek: to Thêrion], that is, to mark
+    the _opposition_ between the LAMB and the Beast."
+
+To this a note is appended:
+
+    "This contrast is even more striking in the original, where it is aided
+    by an exact correspondence of syllables and accents. On one side are--
+
+     '[Greek: Hê pornê kai to Thêrion]:'
+
+    On the other--
+
+     '[Greek: Hê Numphê kai to Arnion].'
+
+    See Rev. xxi. 2. 9., xxii. 17."--_Is the Church of Rome Babylon?_ p.
+    58.: London, 1851.
+
+A. A. D.
+
+[Greek: Arnion] and [Greek: amnos] both denote a lamb. In John i. 29. 36.,
+the latter is applied to Jesus by John the {25} Baptist. In Acts viii. 32.,
+and 1 Pet. i. 19., the term is manifestly derived from Isa. liii. 7., the
+Septuagint translation. But, in the Revelation, the word selected by the
+apostle is simply to be viewed as characteristic of his style. Taken in
+connexion with John i. 29. 36., the difference presents one of those points
+which so strikingly attest the authenticity of the Scripture. If the writer
+had drawn upon his imagination, in all likelihood he would have used the
+word [Greek: arnion] in the Gospel; but he employed another, because the
+Baptist actually made use of a different one, _i. e._ one different from
+that which he was in the habit of employing.
+
+B. H. COWPER.
+
+_Who was the greatest General_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--In reply to the
+following Query, "Who was the greatest general, and why and wherefore did
+the Duke of Wellington give the palm to Hannibal?" I think the following
+note appended to the eloquent sermon of Dr. Croly, preached on the death of
+the Duke, Sept. 19th, not only shows the humility of the Duke in giving
+preference to Hannibal over himself, but it contains so just a comparison
+between the two generals, that it deserves recording in the valuable and
+useful pages of the "N. & Q." as well as being a perfect and true answer to
+C. T.:
+
+    "It has been usual," the note says, "to compare Wellington with
+    Hannibal. But those who make the comparison seem to forget the facts:--
+
+    "Hannibal, descending from the Alps with a disciplined force of 26,000
+    men, met the brave Roman Militia, commanded by brave blockheads, and
+    beat them accordingly. But, as soon as he was met by a man of common
+    sense, Fabius, he could do nothing with him; when he met a manoeuvring
+    officer, the Consul Nero, he was outmanoeuvred, and lost his brother
+    Asdrubal's army, which was equivalent to his losing Italy; and when he
+    met an active officer, Scipio, he was beaten on his own ground.
+    Finally, forced to take refuge with a foreign power, he was there a
+    prisoner, and there he died."
+
+    "His administrative qualities seem to have been of the humblest, or of
+    the most indolent, order. For fourteen years he was in possession of,
+    or in influence with, all the powers of southern Italy, then the
+    richest portion of the peninsula. Yet this possession was wrested from
+    him without an effort; and where he might have been a monarch, he was
+    only a pensioner. His _punic_ faith, his flight, his refuge, and his
+    death in captivity, might find a more complete resemblance in the
+    history of Napoleon."
+
+The following, concluding sentence of Dr. Croly's note conveys a truer and
+far more just comparison with another great general:
+
+    "The life of the first Cæsar forms a much fairer comparison with that
+    of Wellington. Both nobly born; both forcing their way up through the
+    gradations of service, outstripping all their age; forming their
+    characters by warfare in foreign countries; always commanding small
+    armies, yet always invincible (Cæsar won the World at Pharsalia with
+    only 25,000 men): both alike courageous and clement, unfailing in
+    resources, and indefatigable in their objects; receiving the highest
+    rewards, and arising to the highest rank of their times; never beaten:
+    both of first-rate ability in council. The difference being in their
+    objects; one to serve himself, the other to serve his country; one
+    impelled by ambition, the other by duty; one destroying the
+    constitution of his country, the other sustaining it. Wellington, too,
+    has given the soldier and statesman his 'Commentaries,' one of the
+    noblest transcripts of a great administrative mind."
+
+J. M. G.
+
+Worcester.
+
+_Beech-trees struck by Lightning_ (Vol. vi., p. 129.).--On Thinnigrove
+Common, near Nettlebed, Oxon, a beech-tree, one of three or four growing
+round a pit, was shattered by lightning about thirteen or fourteen years
+ago. A gentleman who has lived sixty years in the neighbourhood of the
+beech woods near Henly, tells me that he remembers three or four similar
+cases. Single beech-trees, which are very ornamental, generally grow very
+low and wide-spreading, which may be the reason why they often escape. On
+the other hand, in the woods where they run up close and very high, they
+present so many points of attraction to the electric fluid, that probably
+for that cause it is not often the case that one tree in particular is
+struck.
+
+CORYLUS.
+
+Portsmouth.
+
+_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.).--It appears to me that Tennyson
+has fallen into the error of a Latin construction. I call it an error,
+because in that language the varied terminations of the cases and numbers
+make that plain which we have no means of evidencing in English. I should
+translate it "Numenii strepitus volantis"--"The call of the curlew dreary
+(drearily) gleams about the moorland, _as he flies_ o'er Locksley Hall."
+The summer note of the curlew is a shrill clear whistle, but in winter they
+sometimes indulge in a wild melancholy scream.
+
+CORYLUS.
+
+Portsmouth.
+
+_Inscriptions in Churches_ (Vol. vi., p. 510.).--I differ from your reply
+to NORWOOD'S Query, in which you refer to the colloquy between Queen
+Elizabeth and Dean Nowell as the origin of these inscriptions. No doubt
+they were derived from the custom of our ante-Reformation ancestors, of
+painting figures and legends of saints upon the walls of churches; but the
+following instance will suffice to prove that they originated in the reign
+of Edward VI., and not in Queen Elizabeth's.
+
+In the interesting paper by the Rev. E. Venables in the _Transactions of
+the Cambridge Camden Society_, on "The Church of St. Mary the Great,
+Cambridge," he gives, under the year {26} 1550, the following extracts from
+the churchwardens' accounts:
+
+ "For makyng of the wall where Saynt
+     George stood in the chyrche                                   vj^d
+  It. payd for wythynge y^e chyrch                          xx^s iiij^d
+  It. payd for _wryghtynge of y^e chyrch
+     walls with Scriptures_                  iiij^{lib} iij^s iiij^d."
+
+Shortly after the accession of Queen Mary in 1553, the following entry
+occurs:
+
+ "Payd to Barnes for mendyng over the rode
+  and over the altar in the chapell, and _for
+  washing oute the Scriptures_                    4^s  4^d."
+
+They do not appear to have been restored after this, for in the year 1840
+some of the plaister between two of the windows of the south aisle peeling
+off, discovered traces of "wryghtynge" beneath; and I and another member of
+the Cambridge Camden Society spent some time in laying it bare, and after
+much difficulty made out that it was the Lord's Prayer in English, headed,
+"The Lord's Prayer, called the Paternoster," and written in the church text
+of the period, the whole enclosed in a sort of arabesque border; it was not
+merely whited over, but had evidently been partially effaced, or partly
+"washed oute," before being "concealed under its dreary shroud of
+whitewash." On examination there were traces of more of this writing
+between the other windows, but we had not time to make any further
+investigation, for the church was then being cleaned, and in a few days all
+that we had laid bare was again concealed under a veil of whitewash.
+
+Thus, I think, we may assign to the reign of Edward VI., not merely the
+obliteration of the numerous frescoes of St. Christopher, the great dome,
+&c., which are now so constantly coming to light, but also the origin of
+"wryghtynge of y^e chyrch walls with scriptures" in their stead, some ten
+or twelve years _earlier_ than the remarkable colloquy between Queen
+Elizabeth and the worthy Dean of St. Paul's.
+
+NORRIS DECK.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Dutensiana_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--Lowndes gives a list of Dutens' works,
+which does not include "Correspondence interceptée," of which he _was_ the
+author; and I have seen a presentation copy of it proving this.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+_Early Phonography_ (Vol. vi., p. 424.).--"Have the modern phonographists
+ever owned their debt of gratitude to their predecessors in the phonetic
+art?"
+
+The subjoined advertisement may perhaps be considered an answer to this
+Query:
+
+    "Hart's Orthography, 1569; or, 'An Orthographie conteyning the due
+    order and reason, howe to write or paint thimage of manne's voice, most
+    like to the life or nature. Composed by J. H. [John Hart], Chester
+    Heralt;' reprinted from a copy in the British Museum. Cloth, 2s.
+
+    "An unanswerable defence of Phonetic Spelling, and one of the earliest
+    schemes of Phonetic Orthography. A considerable portion of the book
+    being printed in the author's Phonetic Alphabet (given in the present
+    edition in Phonetic Longhand), we have thus exhibited the pronunciation
+    of the age of Shakspeare."
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+_Kentish Local Names; Dray_ (Vol. vi., p. 410.).--In the low embanked land
+in the west of Somersetshire, between Bristol and Taunton, the word _drove_
+is used in the same acceptation; and _driftway_, I think, is also a term
+for ancient British roads in some parts of the kingdom.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+_Monument at Modstena_ (Vol. vi., p. 388.).--This monument was first
+published in _Archæologia Æliana_. I believe it is an incised slab; but I
+have written to a friend in the north to inquire whether I am correct.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--MR. PARSONS, it appears, limits his
+inquiries to English book-plates, about which I cannot offer any
+information. It is certain, however, that book-plates were used on the
+Continent at a very early period. I remember to have seen one, from a
+wood-block, which was cut by Albert Dürer for his friend Pirkheimer. As it
+is sixteen years since I saw it at the Imperial Library at Vienna, I cannot
+be expected to give a precise description; but (as far as I recollect) the
+wording of it was as follows: "Bilibaldi Pirckheimeri et Amicorum."
+
+A copy which I possess of Vesalius's great anatomical work (Basil, 1555)
+has the book-plate of a former Duke of Mecklenburg pasted inside the cover.
+It is a woodcut, ten inches by six and a half, representing the ducal arms,
+surrounded by an ornamented border. Beneath are the date and inscription:
+
+   15    E    75
+   H. G. V. V. G.
+  VLRICH H. Z. ME-
+    CKELNBVRG.
+
+I do not know what the first six letters stand for, nor is it worth
+inquiring. The latter part of the inscription--"Ulrich Herzog zu
+Mecklenburg"--identifies the former possessor of the volume.
+
+JAYDEE.
+
+"_World without end_" (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--Besides the places named by F.
+A., this phrase occurs in the authorised version of the Bible, in Is. xlv.
+17., Ep. iii. 21. There is no doubt it is idiomatic, and is even now
+occasionally used in conversation. Our translators render at least three
+Hebrew words "world," and as many Greek ones. One of the latter, and two of
+the former, properly refer to _time_, like the Latin _ævum sæculum_; and
+this also {27} appears to have been the original meaning of "world," as it
+is one which it certainly has frequently in the Scriptures. "World without
+end" is the idiomatic rendering, equivalent to "in sæcula sæculorum," which
+is a literal following of an idiom common in both the Hebrew and Greek
+Scriptures, and to be found in the Chaldee of the Book of Daniel. "World
+without end" does not occur, so far as I am aware, in the modern European
+languages, which generally either follow the Latin "in sæcula sæculorum;"
+or the German, and say, "eternally to eternity."
+
+B. H. COWPER.
+
+_Gloucester Ballads_ (Vol. iv., p. 311.).--Since I inserted these ballads,
+I have been informed, that the one entitled a "Gloucester Ditty" was from
+the pen of Charles Dibdin, who, paying a visit to the "fair city," was
+pressed by some friends to leave them a memento of such. Of my own
+knowledge, I cannot vouch for the truth of this story; my informant's
+veracity is, however, unquestionable. I have recently obtained another
+copy; like the former, it is without a date, but bears the well-known
+imprint, "Raikes, Southgate Street."
+
+The "Old Harry" is intended for one "Harry Hudman, King of the Island," a
+low district in Gloucester, a mock officer chosen by the lower orders.
+Harry kept the throne many years, but was at length outvoted; but resolving
+to retain by stratagem what he could not by free choice, invited his
+competitor to a glass; and while the latter was taking his draught, Harry
+jumped into his seat, was chaired through the island, and was thus king
+another year. There was a ballad relating to this worthy, commencing--
+
+ "There was a man of renown,
+  In Gloucester's fam'd town."
+
+Another verse informs us that--
+
+         "Old coffins ne'er new,
+          And old pulpits too,
+  Can be bought at his shop in the island."
+
+The "Taylor's Tale" alluded to is a ballad, written by person of that name,
+on the manners and customs of the island. I have not been able to obtain
+copies of either of these just noticed ballads; and should any
+correspondent of "N. & Q." possess such, they would oblige me by their
+insertion.
+
+H. G. D.
+
+_Satirical Prints; Pope_ (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--I have never seen this print
+that your correspondent refers to. It will no doubt be found, however, to
+be a plate illustrating a _scene_ in the following tract: "_A Letter from
+Mr. Cibber to Mr. Pope, &c._: London, printed and sold by W. Lewis in
+Russell Street, Covent Garden, 1742," see pp. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49., where is
+given rather a warm description of the whole scene. Should this tract not
+be had by GRIFFIN, he may turn to D'Israeli's _Quarrels of Authors_,
+article "Pope and Cibber," note p. 193., col. 2., edit. 8vo., Moxon, 1840;
+where D'Israeli adds:
+
+    "This story, by our comic writer, was accompanied by a print, that was
+    seen by more persons, probably, than read the _Dunciad_."
+
+S. WMSON.
+
+_Raising the Wind_ (Vol. vi., p. 486.).--We say "the wind rises," and this
+is common in Virgil (see _Æneid._ iii. 130. 481.; v. 777.: _Georgics_, i.
+356.; ii. 333.; and iii. 134.). The transition from rising to raising is
+easy; and as there is no sailing without a breeze, so there is no getting
+along without money: in both cases, the _wind_ is essential to progress. As
+to the mode of obtaining the "needful," I know not much, but probably
+whistling will be found as effectual in one case as in the other.
+
+B. H. COWPER.
+
+_Milton in Prose_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.).--I know of one performance in the
+French language, which answers the description of _Milton in Prose_: it is
+a rhapsody entitled _Le Paradis Terrestre, Poëme imité de Milton_, by
+Madame Dubocage: London, 1748. The French themselves had so poor an opinion
+of it, that one of their wits, the Abbé Yart, has ridiculed it in the
+following epigram:
+
+ "Sur cet écrit, charmante Dubocage,
+    Veux-tu savoir quel est mon sentiment?
+  Je compte pour _perdus_, en lisant ton ouvrage,
+    Le Paradis, mon temps, ta peine, et mon argent."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_The Arundelian Marbles_ (Vol. iv., p. 361.).--MR. W. SIDNEY GIBSON, in his
+account of this celebrated collection, quotes portions of an interesting
+letter, from James Theobald to Lord Willoughby de Parham, but he does not
+say from whence he obtained it. I have now before me two copies, one in
+_Historical Anecdotes of the Howard Family_, a new edition, 1817, p. 101.;
+the other in a work entitled _Oxoniana_ (published by Richard Phillips, 4
+vols. 12mo., no date), vol. iii. p. 42. Now both these copies differ from
+MR. GIBSON'S, and all three are at variance respecting some of those minor
+details which are of so much importance in inquiries of this description.
+Where is a _genuine_ copy of Mr. Theobald's letter to be found?
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Pambotanologia_ (Vol. vi., p. 462.).--INIVRI will find a full account of
+this work in Pulteney's _Historical and Biographical Sketches of the
+Progress of Botany in England_, vol. i. p. 181.
+
+GEORGE MUNFORD.
+
+East Winch.
+
+_Can a Man baptize himself?_ (Vol. vi., pp. 36. 110.).--This question has
+not yet received any {28} correct answer. The following quotation from the
+_Summa_ of St. Thomas Aquinas will resolve it as far as your querist W. is
+concerned:
+
+    "Similiter autem Forma mutaretur, si diceretur 'Ego baptizo me;' et
+    ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum propter quod et CHRISTUS a Joanne
+    voluit baptizari."--_Summa_, 3^{tia} Pars, Quæstio lxvi. Art. v. Arg.
+    4.
+
+The REV. A. GATTY, while right in the negative answer which he gives to the
+question of W., is quite wrong in the reasons on which he founds it.
+"Christian fellowship" is _not_ of necessity a requisite for administering
+the sacrament of holy baptism. I quote again from the _Summa_ of St.
+Thomas:
+
+    "Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod Baptismum a schismaticis recipere non
+    licet, nisi in articulo necessitatis: quia melius est de hâc vitâ cum
+    signo CHRISTI exire, a quocumque detur, etiam si sit Judæus vel
+    Paganus, quam sine hoc signo, quod per Baptismum confertur."--_Summa_,
+    2^{nda} Pars, Quæstio xxxix. Art. iv. Arg. 1.
+
+As our own Church apparently only recognises sacerdotal baptism in her
+formularies, in answering such a question as that of W. we must have
+recourse to the schoolmen and casuists of earlier times.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+SHARP'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols. 1819. Piccadilly.
+
+INCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman.
+
+MEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI.
+
+DONNE. [Greek: Biathanatos]. 4to. First Edition, 1644.
+
+------ ------ ------ Second Edition, 1648.
+
+---- PSEUDO-MARTYR. 4to.
+
+---- PARADOXES, PROBLEMS, AND ESSAYS, &c. 12mo. 1653.
+
+---- ESSAYS IN DIVINITY. 12mo. 1651.
+
+---- SERMONS ON ISAIAH l. 1.
+
+POPE'S WORKS, by WARTON. Vol. IX. 1797. in boards.
+
+PERCY SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS. No. 94. Three copies.
+
+MEMOIRS OF THE DUCHESS OF ABRANTES. (Translation.) 8 vols. 8vo. Bentley.
+
+SMITH'S COLLECTANEA ANTIQUA. 2 vols. 8vo.; or Vol. I.
+
+BREWSTER'S MEMOIR OF REV. HUGH MOISES, M.A., Master of Newcastle Grammar
+School.
+
+RELIGIO MILITIS; or Christianity for the Camp. Longmans, 1826.
+
+MILTON'S WORKS. The First Edition.
+
+DR. COTTON MATHER'S MEMORABLE PROVIDENCES ON WITCHCRAFT AND POSSESSIONS.
+Preface by Baxter. Date about 1691.
+
+GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE. Vols. I. and II. of the twelve volume 8vo. edition.
+
+MÜLLER'S NOTES ON THE EUMINIDES OF ÆSCHYLUS.
+
+CAMPBELL'S GAELIC POEMS.
+
+COLUMBUS' CONUNDRUMS.
+
+POEMS OF "ALASDAIR MAC MHAIGHSTIR ALASDAIR" MACDONALD.
+
+TURNER'S COLLECTION OF GAELIC POETRY.
+
+MAC AULAY'S HISTORY OF ST. KILDA.
+
+GRANT'S GAELIC POEMS.
+
+GILLIES' COLLECTION OF GAELIC POEMS.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We have this week been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS, &c._
+
+W. W. (Malta) _is thanked for his suggestion_. _We fear, however, that the
+difficulties in the way of carrying it out, which are far more than he
+suspects, will still prevent our doing so, as we have often desired._
+
+PETER THE SAXONIAN _is referred to our_ 1st Vol., p. 102., _where he will
+find that both Blair and Campbell were anticipated by Norris of Bemerton,
+who sang of_
+
+ "Angels' visits, short and bright."
+
+R. G. L. _The meaning and derivation of_ DITTO _are obvious. It means_ "the
+same," _from the Italian_ ditto, _the said_.
+
+TOUCHSTONE. _Music is sometimes engraved, sometimes printed from moveable
+types._
+
+J. C., _who inquires whether Shelley first imagined the name of_ Mab, _has,
+we fear, never read Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, or Mercutio's account of
+"the Fairie's midwife." We almost envy him._
+
+F. R. S. (Barkisland). _His Query shall appear, and_ we think _we may
+promise him a full and satisfactory Reply._
+
+H. C. K., _and other Correspondents respecting the inscription at Dewsbury,
+are thanked_.
+
+A. B. _The line_
+
+ "And coming events cast their shadows before,"
+
+_is from Campbell's_ Lochiel's Warning.
+
+H. B. C. _The Correspondent to whom H. B. C. refers us furnished his name
+and address. But perhaps our Correspondent's Reply had better appear_.
+
+W. H. T. (Salisbury). Ophiomaches _was written by the Rev. Philip Skelton_.
+_See further our_ No. 157., p. 415. _The other Queries shall have early
+attention._
+
+D'OYLEY AND MANT'S COMMENTARY. _With reference to our Note in No. 157., a
+Correspondent informs us that an edition is now publishing in Parts at 6d.
+each, by Strange_
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY. _Owing to the length of DR. DIAMOND's directions for the Paper
+Process in our present No., we are compelled to postpone many interesting
+communications. DR. DIAMOND's former articles are contained in our Nos.
+151, 152, 153. and 155. All our Nos., however, subsequent to 148., contain
+communications on this interesting subject._
+
+THE INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE _to our Sixth Volume will be ready very shortly_.
+
+BACK NUMBERS OF NOTES AND QUERIES. _Full Price will be given for clean
+copies of Nos. 27, 28, 29, 30. 59, 60, and 61._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Mr. Henri van Laun assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge of
+the French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with the
+ancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages, and also
+with the best English authors, he can render his lessons valuable to
+gentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He also undertakes
+the translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be addressed, pre-paid,
+ANDREW'S Library, 167. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+English counties.--A Catalogue of Interesting and Curious Books relating to
+English Counties is published in the "Shakspeare Repository," and will be
+forwarded to any part of the Kingdom (free) on receipt of eight postage
+stamps, by JAMES H. FENNELL, No. 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Gratis, upon sending a Postage Stamp for franking each:--No. 1. Dunkin's
+History of Kent, after the plan of Hasted's History of the County; Dunkin's
+Plan for preserving the Monumental Inscriptions in English Churches;
+Dunkin's (of Dartford) Prospectus (8 pages) of his History of Kent.
+
+Apply to WILLIAM CHANDLER, Archael Mine Office, Dartford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{29}
+
+HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties,--the BORDERED
+QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual
+form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain
+Quilt is smaller, and is useful as an extra covering on the bed, as a
+wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled
+with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and
+Sizes sent free by Post, on application to
+
+HEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RALPH'S SERMON PAPER,--This approved Paper is particularly deserving the
+notice of the Clergy, as, from its particular form (each page measuring 5¾
+by 9 inches), it will contain more matter than the size in ordinary use;
+and, from the width being narrower, is much more easy to read: adapted for
+expeditious writing with either the quill or metallic pen; price 5s. per
+ream. Sample on application.
+
+ENVELOPE PAPER.--To identify the contents with the address and postmark,
+important in all business communications; it admits of three clear pages
+(each measuring 5½ by 8 inches), for correspondence, it saves time and is
+more economical. Price 9s. 6d. per ream.
+
+F. W. RALPH, Manufacturing Stationer, 36. Throgmorton Street, Bank.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+   _Directors._
+  H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.
+  William Cabell, Esq.
+  T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+  G. Henry Drew, Esq.
+  William Evans, Esq.
+  William Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  James Hunt, Esq.
+  J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  James Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. Basley White, Esq.
+  Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+   _Trustees._
+  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;
+  L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;
+  George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROSS'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE LENSES.--These lenses give
+correct definition at the centre and margin of the picture, and have their
+visual and chemical acting foci coincident.
+
+_Great Exhibition Jurors' Reports_, p. 274.
+
+    "Mr. Ross prepares lenses for Portraiture having the greatest intensity
+    yet produced, by procuring the coincidence of the chemical actinic and
+    visual rays. The spherical aberration is also very carefully corrected,
+    both in the central and oblique pencils."
+
+    "Mr. Ross has exhibited the best Camera in the Exhibition. It is
+    furnished with a double achromatic object-lens, about three inches
+    aperture. There is no stop, the field is flat, and the image very
+    perfect up to the edge."
+
+A. R. invites those interested in the art to inspect the large Photographs
+of Vienna, produced by his Lenses and Apparatus.
+
+Catalogues sent upon Application.
+
+A. ROSS, 2. Featherstone Buildings, High Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed Paper Process.
+Apparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparation for the above
+processes, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of Collodio-iodide
+or Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9d. per oz. Pyro-gallic Acid, 4s. per drachm.
+Acetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures, 8d. per oz. Crystallizable and
+perfectly pure, on which the success of the Calotypist so much depends, 1s.
+per oz. Canson Frère's Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive do., 4s. 6d.; La
+Croix, 3s.; Turner, 3s. Whatman's Negative and Positive, 3s. per quire.
+Iodized Waxed Paper, 10s. 6d. per quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the
+Camera, and warranted to keep from fourteen to twenty days, with directions
+for use, 11×9, 9s. per doz.; Iodized, only 6s. per doz.
+
+    GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander & Sons' celebrated
+    Lenses), Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS of absolute Purity, especially prepared for this
+Art, may be procured from R. W. THOMAS, Operative Chemist, 10. Pall Mall,
+whose well-known Preparation of Xylo-Iodide of Silver is pronounced by the
+most eminent scientific men of the day to excel every other Photographic
+Compound in sensitiveness, and in the marvellous vigour uniformly preserved
+in the middle tints of pictures produced by it. MR. R. W. THOMAS cautions
+Photographers against unprincipled persons who (from the fact of Xyloidin
+and Collodion being synonymous terms) would lead them to imagine that the
+inferior compound sold by them at half the price is identical with his
+preparation. In some cases even the name of of MR. T.'s Xylo-Iodide of
+Silver has been assumed. In order to prevent such dishonourable practice,
+each bottle sent from his Establishment is stamped with a red label bearing
+his signature, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+Prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, Chemist, &c., 10. Pall Mall.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may
+be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured
+Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of
+Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+    BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+    Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BURKE'S (Right Hon. Edmund) WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE.--The NEW EDITION
+(containing the whole of the Contents of the former Edition published in 20
+Volumes, 8vo., at the price of 9l. 5s.) is now completed, handsomely
+printed in 8 vols. 8vo., with Portrait and Fac-simile, price 4l. 4s.
+
+RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.
+
+*** The Reflections on the French Revolution may be had separately, price
+4s. 6d. in cloth boards.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JANUARY 1853, which is the First Number of a
+New Volume, contains the following articles:--
+
+    1. King Charles I. in the Isle of Wight.
+
+    2. Original Letters of Benjamin Franklin.
+
+    3. Farinelli and Pompadour.
+
+    4. Henry Newcome, the Manchester Puritan.
+
+    5. A Journey to Paris in 1736.
+
+    6. The Cloister Life of Charles V.
+
+    7. The Hill Intrenchments on the Borders of Wales, by T. Wright, F.S.A.
+    (with Engravings).
+
+    8. Report of the Cambridge University Commission.
+
+    9. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:--1. Pictures of the Immaculate
+    Conception. 2. The Relic of St. Mary Axe. 3. Harley Church, Salop. 4.
+    Etymology of the word Many.
+
+With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New Publications, Historical Chronicle,
+and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shrewsbury, Countess of
+Lovelace, Sir J. J. Guest, Miss Berry, Professor Empson, Mr. Serjeant
+Halcomb, &c. &c.
+
+A Specimen Number sent on the receipt of 2s. 6d. in Postage Stamps.
+
+NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MILLER'S LONDON LIBRARIAN AND BOOKBUYER'S GAZETTE for January, 1853, in
+Addition to 1000 Valuable Books in all Departments of Literature offered at
+Low Prices, will contain--
+
+FLY LEAVES;
+
+or Scraps and Sketches, Literary, Bibliographical, and Miscellaneous.
+
+Contents of No. I.--Address; Milton's Country Residence; Pious Chloe;
+Neglected Biography; Jas. Sibbold; Memorials of Old London; Bibliographical
+Notices; Specimens of Ancient English Poetry; Scraps and Sketches; forming,
+with the List of Books, 24 pages imp. 8vo., price 2d., or stamped for the
+country, 3d.
+
+Just ready,
+
+MILLER'S LONDON LIBRARIAN from January to December, 1852, inclusive; being
+Vol. I., handsomely half-bound, price 5s., allowed to purchasers.
+
+JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street, Trafalgar Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London,
+respectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and
+brought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides
+numerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's
+PERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings and Crowns so natural as
+to defy detection, and with or without their improved Metallic Springs;
+Ventilating Fronts, Bandeaux, Borders, Nattes, Bands à la Reine, &c.; also
+their instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for
+all colours, and never fades nor acquires that unnatural red or purple tint
+common to all other dyes; it is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly
+harmless. Any lady or gentleman, sceptical of its effects in dyeing any
+shade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &
+STRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street.
+
+Sold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all
+parts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{30}
+
+MURRAY'S
+
+RAILWAY READING:
+
+    Containing Works of Sound Information and Innocent Amusement, printed
+    in large Readable Type, varying in size and price, and suited for all
+    Classes of Readers.
+
+This Day is Published,
+
+LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. By HENRY HALLAM. 2s.
+
+The former Volumes are--
+
+LIFE AND CHARACTER OF WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE. 6d.
+
+MUSIC AND DRESS. Two Essays. 1s.
+
+THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD. 2s. 6d.
+
+ART OF DINING; or, Gastronomy and Gastronomers. 1s. 6d.
+
+JOAN OF ARC; an Historical Essay. By LORD MAHON. 1s.
+
+LITERARY ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." 4s.
+
+NIMROD ON THE TURF. 1s. 6d.
+
+LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. 5s.
+
+LIFE of THEODORE HOOK. 1s.
+
+JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP. 100 Woodcuts. 2s. 6d.
+
+LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE." 3s.
+
+BEES AND FLOWERS. Two Essays. 1s. each.
+
+GIFFORD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING. 2s. 6d.
+
+NIMROD ON THE CHACE AND THE ROAD. 1s. each.
+
+OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL. 2s. 6d.
+
+To be followed by--
+
+A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
+
+FALL OF JERUSALEM. By DEAN MILMAN.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street;
+
+And to be obtained at all Booksellers, and Railway Stations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Now ready, in 8vo., price 14s. cloth, lettered, with a lithograph
+    fac-simile of the corrected folio of 1632,
+
+NOTES and EMENDATIONS TO THE TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS, from early
+Manuscript Corrections in a Copy of the Folio of 1632 in the possession of
+JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., F.S.A., forming a Supplemental Volume to the
+Works of Shakspeare by the same Editor, in eight vols. 8vo.
+
+As only a limited number of the above Work have been printed, purchases of
+"Mr. Collier's Shakspeare" are requested to complete their sets without
+delay.
+
+WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On 1st of January, price 1s., No. I. New Series.
+
+THE ECCLESIASTIC.
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+  Latin Poetry, Classical and Mediæval.
+  Cathedral and Collegiate Reform.
+  Sir F. B. Head's Fortnight in Ireland.
+  The Bishop of Exeter's Letter on Confession.
+  Greek Hymnology.
+  Reviews and Notices.
+
+The Publisher, at the suggestion of friends, and with a view to extending
+its circulation amongst Clergy and Laity, has reduced the price from Two
+Shillings to One Shilling, for which he can only look to be reimbursed by a
+large increase in the sale.
+
+A few sets of Fourteen Volumes complete may be had, price 5l.
+
+Now ready, price 1s., Part II. of
+
+CONCIONALIA; Outlines of Sermons for Parochial Use throughout the Year. By
+the REV. HENRY THOMPSON, M.A., Cantab., Curate of Wrington, Somerset. It
+contains Sermons for the Second Sunday after Christmas: First, Second,
+Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Sundays after Epiphany; Septuagesima
+Sunday; Sexagesima Sunday; The Circumcision, Epiphany, and Conversion of
+St. Paul. To be continued monthly. Part I. price 1s.
+
+London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street, and New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.
+
+THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.
+
+(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)
+
+Of Saturday, December 25, contains Articles on
+
+  Ammonia sulphate of, by Mr. Prideaux
+  Berwickshire Farmers' Club
+  Butter, taste in
+  Calendar, horticultural
+  Cattle, to feed
+  ---- quarter evil, &c. in
+  ---- to measure
+  Cork insect (with engraving)
+  Cottage, labourer's
+  Cucumber, Hunter's
+  Draining, by Mr. Hewitt Davis
+  Eau de lessive
+  Flax fibre
+  Game-laws
+  Glass walls
+  Grafting, wax
+  Grapes, colouring, by Mr. Watson
+  Guano, Peruvian, substitute for
+  Haygarth (Mr.), presentation to
+  Land Question, by Hamilton, Rev.
+  Maize
+  Manure tank, liquid, by Mr. Rothwell
+  Mechi's (Mr.) address
+  Mildew, vine
+  Pears, late, by Mr. Rivers
+  Pentas carnea, cellular tissue of
+  Pigs, greaves for
+  Plant growing, amateur
+  Ploughing
+  Potatoes, to cook, by Mr. Cuthill
+  Poultry
+  Poultry show, report of the Hitchin and Dorchester
+  Roots after tares, by Mr. Mechi
+  Roses in pots, culture of
+  Skimmia Laureola
+  Smithfield Club; implements
+  Societies, proceedings of the Linnean;
+    Botanical of Edinburgh;
+    Flax Improvement;
+    Coggeshall Agricultural
+  Strabo's Geography, by Meyer, reviewed
+  Tomato, cherry
+  Tree of 10,000 images
+  ---- transplanting a large
+  Van Diemen's Land, enchanted valley in
+  Vine mildew
+  Walls, conservative
+  ---- Ewing's glass
+  Wheat, late sowing
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to
+the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices,
+with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed
+Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the
+transactions of the week_.
+
+ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington
+Street, Covent Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
+
+*** The Fourteenth Century is in the Press and will be ready shortly.
+
+The Prospectus, Table of Contents, and List of Plates, &c. in the Volume,
+may be had free by Post on application.
+
+BOOKS FOR PRESENTS.
+
+The Fifth Edition of THE GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. Three Volumes.
+Illustrated by upwards of 1700 Engravings.
+
+In Octavo. One Guinea, RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.
+
+12mo., 3s. 6d., AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. By J.
+H. PARKER, F.S.A.
+
+*** A Catalogue of Old and Second-hand Books from the Stock of JOHN HENRY
+PARKER, Oxford, is now being issued, and may be had on application.
+
+Oxford & London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, fcp. 8vo. 6s.
+
+DEMOCRITUS IN LONDON; with the Mad Pranks and Conceits of Motley and Robin
+Goodfellow: to which are added Notes Festivous, &c. By GEORGE DANIEL,
+Author of "Merrie England in the Olden Time," "The Modern Dunciad," &c.
+
+"An exquisite metrical conceit, sparkling with wit and humour, in the true
+spirit of Aristophanes, in which Democritus guides his brilliant and merry
+muse through every fantastic measure, evincing grace in the most grotesque
+attitudes. As a relief to his cutting sarcasm and fun, the laughing
+philosopher has introduced some fine descriptive scenes, and passages of
+deep pathos, eloquence, and beauty. Not the least remarkable feature in
+this very remarkable book are the recondite and curious notes, at once so
+critical and philosophical, so varied and so amusing, so full of
+interesting anecdote and racy reminiscences. They form a rich mine of
+classical learning and antiquarian knowledge. To genius and virtue
+Democritus will prove a delightful companion and friend, but a well-pickled
+rod to vice and folly--a scourge to make wince hollow pretenders of every
+kind--even down to the critical impostor and the stage-struck
+buffoon."--See _Athenæum_, _Critic_, &c.
+
+WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPANISH CATALOGUE.--Just issued, B. QUARITCH'S Catalogue of Rare and
+Valuable Spanish and Portuguese Books, gratis on application.
+
+BERNARD QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ITALIAN LITERATURE.--Just issued, B. QUARITCH'S Catalogue of Cheap,
+Valuable, and Curious Italian Books, gratis on application.
+
+BERNARD QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{31}
+
+Now ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth 2l. 2s.; morocco, 2l. 12s.
+6d.
+
+POETRY OF THE YEAR, PASSAGES FROM THE POETS DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS.
+
+WITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING
+EMINENT ARTISTS.
+
+  T. CRESWICK, R.A.
+  C. DAVIDSON.
+  W. LEE.
+  J. MULLER.
+  E. DUNCAN.
+  BIRKET FOSTER.
+  D. COX.
+  H. LE JEUNE.
+  W. HEMSLEY.
+  C. BRANWHITE.
+  J. WOLF.
+  C. WEIGALL.
+  HARRISON WEIR.
+  R. R.
+  E. V. B.
+  LUCETTE E. BARKER.
+
+    "Bids fair to be the most beautiful and attractive of the 'Gift Books'
+    of the present season. The designs, which are for the most part
+    exceedingly good, have been lithographed, and printed in colours, so as
+    to present the appearance of exquisite and really well-finished
+    drawings, and the letter-press is compiled from the works of our most
+    standard writers. This, in our opinion, is by far the best plan for
+    illustrated works. The words should be worthy of the pictures, and then
+    those who go to the expense of such works have the satisfaction of
+    knowing that they have got the best of their kind, in both the text and
+    the illustrations, instead of having, as is too often the case, capital
+    pictures and second or third-rate prose or poetry. The book before us
+    is, in every way, worthy to be placed upon the drawing-room table of
+    her most gracious Majesty, and we doubt not that it will shortly be
+    found there."--_English Churchman._
+
+    "'Poetry of the Year' is a most richly illustrated volume, containing
+    more than a score of beautiful designs lithographed and printed in
+    colours with a delightful effect. Several of them (we may instance the
+    timber waggon on the wintry road, the rich summer sunset, the view of
+    Windermere, the group of cattle, and the children gathering spring
+    flowers) have the effect of finished water-colour drawings; and when we
+    add that among the contributors of designs are Mr. Creswick, Mr. David
+    Cox, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Weir, E. V. B., and others hardly
+    less admired, the reader will understand that the volume is above the
+    average of illustrated books generally. We have to say also that the
+    accompanying passages from the poets are extremely well made, with a
+    true feeling and a catholic taste. The volume well deserves
+    success."--_Examiner._
+
+    "This is a charming volume, as much to be prized for the value of the
+    letter-press, as admired for the beauty of the illustrations--a remark
+    applicable to few books so ornamental. The poetry consists of
+    selections from English classic authors, on subjects connected with the
+    four seasons....
+
+    Altogether, the volume is worthy of high praise, and will doubtless be
+    a favourite gift-book of the new year, having also the advantage of
+    being a book of pleasant reference for all the year round."--_Literary
+    Gazette._
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FIRST FRENCH BOOK, BY THE REV. T. K. ARNOLD.
+
+In 12mo., price 5s. 6d. The Third Edition of
+
+THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK:
+
+On the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book."
+
+By the REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A.
+
+Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Author
+of the "First German Book."
+
+    "Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to meet
+    the wants of English students of the French Language. The philosophical
+    explanation of the changes of consonants, together with the frequent
+    references to Latin words and idioms by way of illustration and
+    comparison, render it far superior as a school-book to any other
+    introduction, even from the pen of a native writer. The sound
+    principles of imitation and repetition which have secured for the
+    author a reputation widely extended and well deserved, are here happily
+    exemplified. His account of the differences of idiom is very
+    satisfactory and complete:--whoever thoroughly masters it, will rarely
+    want anything further on the subject."--_Athenæum._
+
+  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;
+  Of whom may be had,
+  A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price Sixpence, or sent Free on receipt of Eight Postage
+Stamps,
+
+FENNELL'S SHAKESPEARE REPOSITORY;
+
+    Containing interesting Articles on the True Orthography and Etymology
+    of Shakspeare's Name; Remarks on his Bequest to his Wife; Shakspeare
+    considered as a Comic Writer; Curious Account of a Great and
+    Destructive Flood at Stratford-on-Avon in his Time; The Government and
+    Shakspeare's House; Remarks on Shakspeare's Gallantry; Notes on his
+    Pedigree; On Shakspeare's Manuscripts; Old London Theatres; Some
+    Accounts of his Mulberry Tree and Walnut Tree; Ancient Verses on his
+    coming to London, &c. &c.
+
+Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{32}
+
+BOOKS ON SALE BY
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,
+
+36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.
+
+HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction by
+an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings, being the most accurate
+copies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece of an Ancient
+Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved
+by Fairholt, cloth, 9s.
+
+    "The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite
+    extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."--_Athenæum._
+
+LOWER'S (M. A.) ESSAYS ON ENGLISH SURNAMES. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third
+Edition, greatly enlarged. Cloth, 12s.
+
+BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA LITERARIA; or Biography of Literary Characters of
+Great Britain and Ireland, arranged in Chronological Order. By THOMAS
+WRIGHT, M.A., F.S.A., Member of the Institute of France. 2 thick vols. 8vo.
+Cloth. Vol. I. Anglo-Saxon Period. Vol. II. Anglo-Norman Period. 6s. each,
+published at 12s. each.
+
+Published under the superintendence of the Royal Society of Literature.
+
+COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By J. Y.
+AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original coins,
+6s. 6d.
+
+COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By J.
+Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates and
+woodcuts, 10s. 6d. cloth.
+
+GUIDE TO ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity of the
+Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,
+fellow and secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated
+with numerous engravings, comprising upward of 500 objects, cloth 15s.
+
+    "One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of
+    comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The plates,
+    indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by their number
+    and the judicious selection of types and examples which they contain.
+    It is a book which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend
+    to all who are interested in the antiquities of their native
+    land."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed from
+    such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be generally
+    acceptable."--_Art Union._
+
+WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS ON THE LITERATURE, POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS, AND
+HISTORY OF ENGLAND in the MIDDLE AGES. 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth, 16s.
+
+WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ST. PATRICK'S PURGATORY: an Essay on the Legends of
+Purgatory, Hell, and Paradise, current during the Middle Ages. Post 8vo.
+cloth, 6s.
+
+THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition.
+Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W. B.
+Scott. 4s. 6d. cloth.
+
+POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a Sequel to
+"The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4s.
+6d.
+
+LOWER'S CURIOSITIES OF HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English
+Writers. 8vo. Numerous Engravings. Cloth, 14s.
+
+HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the
+Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. By
+G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo. closely printed in double
+columns, cloth, 15s.
+
+*** An indispensable book to those engaged in genealogical or topographical
+pursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000
+of the gentry of England, their residences, &c. (distinguishing the
+different families of the same name in every country), as recorded by the
+Heralds in their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in
+the British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public
+library ought to be without it.
+
+CONSUETUDINES KANCIÆ. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable Customs
+in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A. (Cantianus),
+illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo. cloth, 15s.
+
+BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN WALL
+FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts, half
+morocco, 1l. 1s.
+
+BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8vo.
+closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12s.
+
+    "This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost an
+    entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a very
+    moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in the former
+    expensive edition, with a great accession of new words and
+    matter."--_Author's Preface._
+
+ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon
+Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical
+and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2
+thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12s. (original price 18s.)
+
+A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the Language.
+By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge, author of the
+Poems and Glossary in the Dorset Dialect. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d.
+
+    "To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own native
+    English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is indispensable; and we
+    have never seen an introduction better calculated than the present to
+    supply the wants of a beginner in a short space of time. The
+    declensions and conjugations are well stated, and illustrated by
+    references to the Greek, Latin, French, and other languages. A
+    philosophical spirit pervades every part. The Delectus consists of
+    short pieces on various subjects, with extracts from Anglo-Saxon
+    History and the Saxon Chronicle. There is a good Glossary at the
+    end."--_Athenæum, Oct. 20, 1849._
+
+FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W. A.
+CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving," in one handsome
+vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, cloth,
+1l. 1s.
+
+    "It is exceedingly amusing."--_Atlas._
+
+    "Curious, entertaining, and really learned book."--_Rambler._
+
+    "Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest
+    approbation."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even to
+    persons who never play at cards."--_Tait's Mag._
+
+BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA: a Bibliographical account of the Music and
+Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth
+Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By
+DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5s.
+
+A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs,
+and Ancient Customs from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL,
+F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards of 1,000 pages closely
+printed in double columns, cloth 1l. 1s.
+
+It contains about 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered
+Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the reading
+of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other authors,
+whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not to be
+found in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the
+principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early
+inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be found
+to be original authorities.
+
+A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books, MS.
+and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240, half-bound in
+morocco, 6s.
+
+  ----Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old,
+  Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold.
+
+GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for the
+Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5s. 6d.
+
+*** This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to those well
+versed in other languages.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 1. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 166, January
+1, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42781 ***