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diff --git a/42781-0.txt b/42781-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..03490e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/42781-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3973 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42781 *** + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are indicated by footnotes to the relevant item. + + * * * * * + + +{1} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 166.] +SATURDAY, JANUARY 1. 1853 +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + Our Seventh Volume 1 + + NOTES:-- + + Proclamations of the Society of Antiquaries, and their + Value as Historical Evidences, by John Bruce 3 + + Curiosities of Advertising Literature, by Cuthbert Bede 4 + + On a Passage in "King Henry VIII.," Act III. Sc. 2., by + S. W. Singer 5 + + Notes on Bacon's Essays, by P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A. 6 + + Latin Poems in connexion with Waterloo, by Lord Braybrooke 6 + + Sir Henry Wotton and Milton, by Bolton Corney 7 + + FOLK LORE:--Unlucky to sell Eggs after Sunset-- + Old Song--Nursery Tale--Legend of Change 7 + + Passage in Hamlet 8 + + Volcanic Influence on the Weather, by Rev. Wm. S. Hesledon 9 + + MINOR NOTES:--Value of MSS.--Robert Hill--English + Orthography--Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735--Epitaph + on a Sexton 9 + + QUERIES:-- + + Eustache de Saint Pierre, by Philip S. King 10 + + Devizes, Origin of: a Question for the Heralds, by J. Waylen 11 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Gold Signet Ring--Ecclesia + Anglicana--Tangiers: English Army in 1684--Smith-- + Termination "-itis"--Loak Hen--Etymological Traces of the + Social Position of our Ancestors--Locke's Writings-- + Passage in Göthe's "Faust"--Schomberg's Epitaph by + Swift--The Burial Service said by Heart--Shaw's + Staffordshire MSS.--"Ne'er to these chambers," &c.-- + County History Societies--Hugh Oldham, Bishop of + Exeter--The English Domestic Novel--Dr. Young--Bishop + Hall's Meditations--Chatterton--Passage in Job--Turner's + View of Lambeth Palace--Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness + of Mathematical Learning--"The General Pardon" 12 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Edward the Confessor's + Ring--The Bourbons 15 + + REPLIES:-- + + Emblems 15 + + Marriages en Chemise--Mantelkinder--Legitimation, by + E. Smirke, &c. 17 + + Editions of the Prayer-Book prior to 1662, by Archdeacon + Cotton 18 + + Etymology of Pearl, by Sir J. Emerson Tennant, &c. 18 + + "Martin Drunk," by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 19 + + Göthe's Reply to Nicolai 19 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Processes upon + Paper--Exhibition of Photography at the Society of Arts 20 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Quotation in Locke--Pic-nic-- + Discovery at Nuneham Regis--Door-head Inscriptions--Cross + and Pile--Rhymes upon Places--[Greek: Arnion]--Who was + the greatest General?--Beech-trees struck by Lightning-- + Passage in Tennyson--Inscriptions in Churches-- + Dutensiana--Early Phonography--Kentish Local Names; + Dray--Monument at Modstena--Book-plates--"World without + end," &c. 23 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 28 + + Notices to Correspondents 28 + + Advertisements 28 + + * * * * * + + +OUR SEVENTH VOLUME. + +We might, without any offence against truth or modesty, begin our Seventh +Volume by congratulating ourselves and our Readers on the continued success +and increasing circulation of our work. As to Truth, our Readers can only +judge in part, and must take our word for the rest; but they may see enough +in our pages to lead them to do so. Let them but look at the signatures +which from time to time appear in our columns, and they will see enough to +prove that we have the sanction of a list of names, high in literary +reputation, such as it might seem ostentatious to parade in our columns on +an occasion like the present. We abstain the more readily, because we have +felt it our duty to do the thing so frequently and fully in our +prospectuses. And as to Modesty, can there be any want of it in saying that +with such--or perhaps we should say by such--contributors we have produced +a work which the public has found acceptable? With such contributors, and +others whom we should be proud to name with them, if they had given names +which we cannot but know, but do not feel authorised to decypher--with such +help, what sort of animal must an editor be who could fail to make a work +worth reading? In fact, if not our highest praise, it is the plainest proof +of the value of our publication, that we have done little or nothing except +to give the reader the greatest possible quantity of matter in a legible +form, wholly unassisted by graphic ornament or artistic decoration of any +kind--without even the attraction of politics, scandal, or polemics. + +Our pride is that we are useful; and that fact is proved by another to +which it has given rise, namely, that we are favoured with many more +contributions than we can possibly find room for; and therefore, instead of +employing the occasion which offers for a few words with our Readers, by +way of introduction to a new Volume, in any protracted remarks on what we +have done, we would rather confer with them on the ways and means of doing +more. + +In the first place, let us say explicitly that we do not mean by the most +obvious method of increasing the bulk of our publication. It is quite clear +that we {2} could print twice as much on twice as many pages; but this is +not what we mean. Those who refer to our earliest Numbers will see "how we +are grown," and we are perfectly convinced that we are now quite grown +up--that our quantity (to change the figure) is quite as much as our +company wish to see set on the table at once, and our price quite as +agreeable as if it were larger; for to enlarge the work without enlarging +the price would be quite out of the question. + +But, in the course of what we may now call considerable experience, during +which we have seen the work grow up into the form which it now wears, we +have been led to think, that if our friends will allow us to offer a few +suggestions (on which some of them may perhaps improve), we may be able, +with the same space and cost, to oblige more Correspondents; and not only +by that means, but by rendering our information more select and valuable, +increase the gratification of our Readers. + +Our name suggests the idea of a work consisting of two parts; and, with +regard to the first, we can only offer such obvious remarks as, that the +more a writer condenses what he has to say, the less room his communication +will occupy in print--and the less room he occupies, the more he will leave +for others, &c. These are weighty and important truths, but such as we need +not insist on. + +But when we look at the other part, passing under the single name of +"QUERIES," it becomes obvious that our work, instead of having, as its +title would import, what Sir Thomas Browne calls a "bicapitous +conformation," does in fact consist of three parts, which must be ranged +under three different heads, and dealt with in three different ways. A +little, modest, demure-looking QUERY slips into print, and by the time it +has been in print a fortnight, we find that it has a large family of +REPLIES, who all come about it, and claim a settlement on the ground of +their parentage. + +Now, it is on this matter that we think some improvement may be made. We +would not on any account diminish our number of QUERIES, and would wish +even our NOTES to be notes of interrogation as well as information. But +between QUERIES and REPLIES, notwithstanding their family connexion, there +is an essential difference. In every case the QUERY, in order to its +answering the end for which it is proposed, must be public; but in a great +many cases the REPLY need not be so. The QUERY may be a very proper and +curious one, and interesting in a high degree to the proposer and several +other persons, but the REPLY to it may involve details not generally +interesting.[1] We shall not be thought to discourage such inquiries (while +we consider the opportunity which we afford for making them one of the most +valuable features of our work) if we illustrate this by suggesting that A. +wishes for genealogical or family history; B. wants to know what the author +of such or such a book which he is editing means by such or such a +reference; C., who is editing another, wants a collation of this or that +edition; D., who is writing a third book, in order to correct and enrich +it, wants as many things (and heartily glad should we be to help him to get +them) as would occupy half-a-dozen of our Numbers; and so we might go on, +were it not quite unnecessary to pursue in detail the illustration of what +is so plain. Now it has occurred to us, that if Correspondents who wish to +make inquiries, the answers to which would obviously be of no general +interest, would, with their Query, enclose a stamped envelope, directed in +any way which they may think proper, it would often be in our power not +only to transmit to them answers to their inquiries, but to put them in +direct communication with those who could give them further information; +and who would in many cases communicate with individuals of whose +respectability and capacity they were satisfied, more freely than they +would through a public channel. We shall be glad to know how far such a +plan would be approved of. We must add, that it would enable us to make use +of many REPLIES which it is impossible, under present circumstances, to +insert; and we believe that many Answerers would not only be as well +pleased to learn that their REPLIES had been transmitted to the Querist, +but that, with a knowledge that they would be so transmitted, they would +write with more freedom and fulness than if they expected the REPLY to be +published. One thing only we should bargain for--and, having cut ourselves +off from all hope of gain by desiring to have the envelopes directed, we +think we have a right to ask it--it is, that if in this correspondence, of +which we are the medium, they come to any curious and generally interesting +results, they will send them to us, _pro bono publico_. + +[Footnote 1: A valued Correspondent, who has strongly urged the adoption of +the course which we are now recommending to our Readers, thus illustrates +his position:-- + +"It seems to be a very good thing to have a medium of genealogical inquiry; +but why should all the world be troubled with the answers to a man who +writes,-- + + 'Sir,--I shall be obliged to anybody who can give me a full account of + my family. + + JOHN SMITH.' + +"Again, supposing X. Y. wants to borrow some not very common book which one +happens to have, I am not going to write (and if I did so write you would +not print it), 'If X. Y., as soon as he sees this, will call on the Pump at +Aldgate, he will find my copy of the book tied to the spout, if the charity +boys have not cribbed it; and he can return it or not, according to his +conscience, if he has any."] + +{3} + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +PROCLAMATIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, AND THEIR VALUE AS HISTORICAL +EVIDENCES. + +The work that is now going on at the Society of Antiquaries in reference to +the collection of royal proclamations in their library, is one in which not +merely the Fellows of that Society, but all historical students, are deeply +interested. The Society possesses one of the three known largest +collections of these public documents. They were formerly bound up in +volumes of several different sizes, intermixed with a variety of fugitive +publications, such as ballads and broadsides, which formed altogether a +very incongruous collection. A short time since it was found that the +binding of many of the volumes was very much worn, and that some of the +documents themselves had been considerably torn and damaged. Under these +circumstances, Mr. Lemon, of the State Paper Office, offered his services +to the Council to superintend an entire new arrangement, mounting, binding, +and calendaring, of the whole series of proclamations. His offer was of +course gratefully accepted, and the work is now in active progress. + +The collection is certainly the most important that is known, and is +especially so in the reign of Elizabeth; in reference to which there is no +collection at all approaching to it, either in completeness or value. Still +there are many proclamations wanting: several of the Fellows of the Society +have come forward most liberally to fill up gaps. MR. PAYNE COLLIER led the +way in a contribution of great value; MR. SALT followed MR. COLLIER with a +munificent donation of a whole collection relating to Charles II. and James +II.; and upon Mr. Lemon's suggestion, and with the joint concurrence of Mr. +Secretary Walpole and the Keeper of the State Paper Office, an interchange +of duplicates has been effected between that office and the Society of +Antiquaries, which has added forty proclamations to the Society's +collection. + +My principal reason for addressing you upon this subject is to ask you to +suggest to your readers that a similar interchange of duplicates might be +effected between the Society and any persons who chance to have duplicate +proclamations in their possession. + +It is of the very highest literary and historical importance that we should +get together, in some accessible place, a collection of proclamations, +which if not actually complete (a consummation hardly to be expected), +shall yet approach to completeness. The collection at Somerset House offers +the best opportunity for forming such a collection. It is by far the most +nearly complete in existence, and is strong in that particular part of the +series in which other collections are most defective, and in which missing +proclamations are the most difficult to be supplied. At the Society of +Antiquaries the collection will be accessible to all literary inquirers, +and no doubt the Society will publish a proper catalogue, which is already +in preparation by Mr. Lemon. + +It is obvious that any person who chooses to contribute such stray +proclamations, or copies of proclamations, as he may chance to have in his +possession, will be helping forward a really good work, and the possessor +of duplicates may not only do the same, but may benefit his own collection +by an interchange. + +The value of proclamations as historical authorities, and especially as +authorities for the history of manners, and of our national progress, is +indisputable. As I write, I have before me the _Booke of Proclamations_ of +James I. from 1603 to 1609; and the page lying open affords a striking +illustration of what I assert. It gives us A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF OUR +POST-OFFICE. + +Immediately on the accession of James I., the high north road from London +to Edinburgh was thronged with multitudes of pilgrims hastening to the +worship of the newly risen sun. Robert Carey became, in the words of +Cowper's enigma, "the parent of numbers that cannot be told." Scotland has +never poured into the south more active or more anxious suppliants than +then traversed the northward road through Berwick. All ordinary +accommodation soon fell short of the demand. Messengers riding post from +the council to the king were stayed on the road for want of the ordinary +supply of post-horses, all which were taken up by lords and gentry--rushing +northward in the fury of their new-born loyalty. As a remedy for these +inconveniences, the lords of the council issued a proclamation, calling +upon all magistrates to aid the postmasters "in this time so full of +business," by seeing that they are supplied with "fresh and able horses as +necessitie shall require." Of course the supply was merely of horses. +Travellers could not in those days obtain carriages of any kind. The horses +were directed to be "able and sufficient horses, and well furnished of +saddles, bridles, girts and stirropes, with good guides to looke to them; +who for their said horses shall demand and receive of such as shall ride on +them, the prices accustomed." + +The new state of things became permanent. London, after James's removal +from Edinburgh, being really the seat of government for the whole island, +the intercourse both ways was continuous, and further general orders for +its management were published by proclamation. There were at that time, on +all the high roads through the country, two sorts of posts:--1. Special +messengers or couriers who rode "thorough post," that is, themselves rode +through the whole distance, "with horn and guide." Such persons carried +with them an authentication of their employment in the {4} public service. +In 1603, they were charged "two-pence halfe-peny the mile" (raised in 1609 +to threepence) for the hire of each horse, "besides the guide's groats." +The hire was to be paid beforehand. They were not to ride the horses more +than one stage, except with the consent of "the post of the stage" at which +they did not change. Nor were they to charge the horse "with any male or +burden (besides his rider) that exceedeth the weight of thirtye pounds." +Nor to ride more than seven miles an hour in summer or six in winter. 2. +The other sort of post was what was termed the "post for the packet." For +this service every postmaster was bound to keep horses ready; and on +receipt of a "packet" or parcel containing letters, he was to send it on +towards the next stage within a quarter of an hour after its arrival, +entering the transaction in "a large and faire ledger paper book." Two +horses were to be kept constantly ready for this service, "with furniture +convenient," and messengers "at hand in areadinesse." The postmaster was +also to have ready "two bags of leather, at the least, well lined with +bayes or cotton, to carry the packet in." He was also to have ready "hornes +to sound and blow, as oft as the post meets company, or foure times in +every mile." + +The "post for the packet" was at first used only for the carriage of +despatches for the government or for ambassadors, but a similar mode of +conveyance soon began to be taken advantage of by merchants and private +persons. Difficulty in obtaining posts and horses for the conveyance of +private packets, led to the interference of "certain persons called +hackney-men, tapsters, hostlers, and others, in hiring out their horses, to +the hinderance of publique service, danger to our state, and wrong to our +standing and settled postes in their several stages." The government of +James I. thought, in its blindness, that it could put a stop to the +dangerous practice of transmitting unofficial letters, by rendering it +penal for private persons to carry them; that of Charles I., wiser, in this +respect, in its generation, settled a scheme for their general conveyance +through the medium of "a letter office." But the "post for the packet," +with his leathern bag and his twanging horn (the origin, of course, of our +mail-coach horn), continued down to a late period, and probably still +lingers in some parts of the kingdom. Cowper, it will be remembered, +describes him admirably. + +JOHN BRUCE. + + * * * * * + +CURIOSITIES OF ADVERTISING LITERATURE. + +We are all well acquainted with the ingenious artifices by which modern +advertisers thrust their wares upon the attention of newspaper readers. We +may, perhaps, have been betrayed into the expression of come rude Saxon +expletive, when, in the columns devoted to news and general information, we +have in our innocence been tempted with a paragraph that commenced with "a +clever saying of the illustrious Voltaire's," and dovetailed into a +panegyric of Messrs. Aaron and Son's Reversible Paletots; or we may have +applauded the clever logician who so clearly demonstrates, that as +Napoleon's bilious affection frequently clouded his judgment in times of +greatest need, the events of the present century, and the fate of nations, +would have been reversed, had that great man only been persuaded to take +two boxes of Snooks's Aperient Pill, price 1s. 1½d., with the Government +stamp on a red ground (see Advt.). All these things we know very well; but, +of the fugitive literature that does not find a place in the advertising +columns of _The Times_, but flashes into Fame only in the pages of some +local oracle, or in some obscurer broad-sheet, how often must it remain +unappreciated, and doomed to "waste its sweetness on the desert air." That +this may not be said of the following burst of advertising eloquence, I +trust it may be found worthy a niche in the temple of "N. & Q." In its +composition the author was probably inspired by the grand scenery of the +Cheviots, in a village near to which his shop was situate. It was one of +those "generally-useful" shops where the grocer and draper held equal +reign, and anything could be got, from silks and satins to butter and Bath +bricks. The composition was printed and distributed among the neighbouring +families; but shortly after, when the author heard that it had not produced +the exact effect he had wished, he, with the irritability that often +accompanies genius, resolved to get back and destroy every copy of his +production, and deny to the world that which it could not appreciate. +Fortunately for the world's welfare, I preserved a copy of his hand-bill, +of which this, in its turn, is a faithful transcript: + + "_To the Inhabitants of G. and its neighbourhood._ + + "The present age is teeming with advantages which no preceding Era in + the history of mankind has afforded to the human family. New schemes + are projecting to enlighten and extend civilisation, Railways have been + projected and carried out by an enterprising and spirited nation, while + Science in its gigantic power (simple yet sublime) affords to the + humane mind so many facilities to explore its rich resources, the + Seasons roll on in their usual course producing light and heat, the + vivifying rays of the Sun, and the fructifying influences of nature + producing food and happiness to the Sons of Toil; while to the people + of G. and its neighbourhood a rich and extensive variety of Fashionable + Goods is to be found in my Warehouse, which have just been selected + with the greatest care. The earliest visit is requested to convey to + the mind an adequate idea of the great extent of his purchases, + comprising as it does all that is elegant and useful, cheap and + substantial, to the light-hearted votaries of Matrimony, the Matrons of + Reflection, the Man of Industry, and the disconsolate Victims of + Bereavement. + + J-- M--." + +{5} + +The peroration certainly exhibits what Mrs. Malaprop calls "a nice +derangement of epitaphs:" and, us for the rest, surely "the force of" +bathos "could no further go." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + * * * * * + +ON A PASSAGE IN "KING HENRY VIII.," ACT III. SC. 2. + +One of the most desperately unintelligible passages in Shakspeare occurs in +this play, in the scene between the King and the Cardinal, when the latter +professes his devoted attachment to his service. It stands thus in the +first folio: + + _Car._ "I do professe + That for your Highnesse good, I euer labour'd + More then mine owne: that am, haue, and will be + (Though all the world should cracke their duty to you, + And throw it from their Soule, though perils did + Abound, as thicke as thought could make 'em, and + Appeare in formes more horrid) yet my Duty, + As doth a Rocke against the chiding Flood, + Should the approach of this wilde Riuer breake, + And stand vnshaken yours." + +Upon this Mason observes: + + "I can find no meaning in these words (that am, have, and will be), or + see how they are connected with the rest of the sentence; and should + therefore strike them out." + +Malone says: + + "I suppose the meaning is, '_that_ or _such a man_, I am, have _been_, + and will _ever_ be.' Our author has many hard and forced expressions in + his plays; but many of the hardnesses in the piece before us appear to + me of a different colour from those of Shakspeare. Perhaps however, a + line following has been lost; for in the old copy there is no stop at + the end of this line; and, indeed, I have some doubt whether a comma + ought not to be placed at it, rather than a fullpoint." + +Mr. Knight, however, places a fullpoint at _will be_, and says: + + "There is certainly some corruption in this passage; for no ellipsis + can have taken this very obscure form. Z. Jackson suggests 'that _aim + has_ and will be.' This is very harsh. We might read 'That _aim_ I have + and will,' _will_ being a noun." + +Mr. Collier has the following note: + + "In this place we can do no more than reprint exactly the old text, + with the old punctuation; as if Wolsey, following 'that am, have, and + will be' by a long parenthesis, had forgotten how he commenced his + sentence. Something may have been lost, which would have completed the + meaning and the instances have not been infrequent where lines, + necessary to the sense, have been recovered from the quarto + impressions. Here we have no quarto impressions to resort to, and the + later folios afford us no assistance, as they reprint the passage as it + stands in the folio 1628, excepting that the two latest end the + parenthesis at 'break.'" + +I cannot think that the poet would have put a short speech into Wolsey's +mouth, making him forget how he commenced it! Nor do I believe that +anything has been lost, except the slender letter _I_ preceding _am_. The +printer or transcriber made the easy mistake of taking the word _true_ for +_haue_, which as written of old would readily occur, and having thus +confused the passage, had recourse to the unconscionable long mark of a +parenthesis. The passage undoubtedly should stand thus: + + _Car._ "I do profess + That for your highness' good I ever labour'd + More than mine own; that _I_ am _true_, and will be + Though all the world should _lack_ their duty to you, + And throw it from their soul: though perils did + Abound, as thick as thought could make them, and + Appear in forms more horrid; yet my duty + (As doth a rock against the chiding flood,) + Should the approach of this wild river break, + And stand unshaken yours." + +Here all is congruous and clear. This slight correction of a palpable +printer's error redeems a fine passage hitherto entirely unintelligible. I +do not insist upon the correction in the fourth line of _lack_ for _crack_, +yet what can be meant by _cracking a duty_? The duke, in the _Two Gentlemen +of Verona_, speaks of his daughter as "_lacking_ duty;" and seeing how very +negligently the whole passage has been given in the folio, I think there is +good ground for its reception. With regard to the correction in the second +line, I feel confident, and doubt not that it will have the approbation of +all who, like myself, feel assured that most of the difficulties in the +text of our great poet are attributable to careless printer or transcriber. + +When I proposed (Vol. vi., p. 468.) to read "_rail_ at once," instead of +"_all_ at once," in _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5., I thought the +conjecture my own, having then only access to the editions of Mr. Collier +and Mr. Knight; I consequently said, "It is somewhat singular that the +passage should hitherto have passed unquestioned." My surprise was +therefore great, on turning to the passage in the _Variorum Shakspeare_, to +find the following note by Warburton, which had escaped my notice: + + "If the speaker intended to accuse the person spoken to only for + _insulting_ and exulting, then, instead of '_all_ at once,' it ought to + have been _both_ at once. But, examining the crime of the person + accused, we shall discover that the line is to be read thus: + + 'That you insult, exult, and _rail_ at once,' + + for these three things Phoebe was guilty of. But the Oxford editor + improves it, and, for _rail_ at once, reads _domineer_." + +I have no recollection of having ever read the note before, and certainly +was not conscious of it. The coincidence, therefore, may be considered (as +Mr. Collier observed in respect to the reading of _palpable_ for _capable_) +as much in favour of this conjecture. {6} + +That the most careful printers can _misread_, and consequently _misprint_, +copy, is evident from the following error in my last Note:--Vol. vi., p. +584., col. 1, for "in the edition which I gave of the _part_," read +"_poet_." This mistake, like most of those I have indicated in the first +folio Shakspeare, might easily occur if the word was indistinctly written. + +S. W. SINGER. + +Mickleham. + + * * * * * + +NOTES ON BACON'S ESSAYS. + +As I find that the editor of _Bacon's Essays_ for Bohn's _Standard Library_ +has not verified the quotations, I venture to send you a few "N. & Q." on +them, which I hope to continue from time to time, if they prove acceptable. +In compliance with the recommendation of MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE and the REV. H. +T. ELLACOMBE (Vol. vi., p. 558.), I append my name and address. + +N.B. The paging and notes of Bohn's edition are followed throughout. + + Preface, p. xiii. note *. "Speech on the Impeachment of Warren + Hastings." See Burke's _Works_, vol. viii. p. 15. [ed. 1827.] Speech on + the first day of reply. + + Ditto, p. xv. Letter to Father Fulgentio. See Montagu's _Bacon_, vol. + xi. pref., p. vii.; vol. xii. p. 205. + + Ditto, ditto. _Spenser's Faery Queene, &c._ See preface to Moxon's + _Spenser_ (1850), p. xxix., where this story is refuted, and Montagu, + xvi., note _x_. + + Ditto, p. xvi. "It was like another man's fair ground," &c. See + Montagu, xvi. p. xxvii. + + Ditto, ditto. "I shall die," &c. Ditto, xxxiv. and note _ww_. + + Ditto, p. xvii. note +. Dugald Stewart. Supplement to _Encycl. Brit._, + vol. i. p. 54. [ed. 1824.] + + Ditto, ditto. H_a_tton, not H_u_tton, as in _Eliza Cook's Journal_, vi. + 235. + + Ditto, ditto. Love an ignoble passion. Essay x. _ad init._ + + Ditto, p. xviii. "Says Macaulay." Review of B. Montagu's _Bacon + Essays_, p. 355. [ed. 1851.] + + Ditto, ditto. A pamphlet. Montagu, vi. 299. + + Ditto, p. xix. "A place in the Canticles." Cap. ii. 1. Bacon quotes, + from memory it would appear, from the Vulgate, which has "Ego flos + campi." By whom is the observation? See, for the story, Montagu, xvi. + p. xcviii. + + Ditto, ditto. "Books were announced." What? + + Ditto, p. xx. "Cæsar's compliment to Cicero." Where recorded? + + Ditto, p. xxi. "The manufacture of particular articles of trade." + Montagu, xvi. 306. + + Ditto, p. xxii. "Says Macaulay." _Ut supra_, p. 407. + + Ditto, ditto. Ben Jonson. See Underwood's, lxix. lxxviii. [pp. 711, + 713. ed. Moxon, 1851.] + + Ditto, p. xxv. Marcus Lucius. Who is here alluded to? + + Ditto, p. xxvii. "Which strangely parodies." The opening alluded to is + "Franciscus de Verulam sic cogitavit." + + Ditto, p. xxviii. "One solitary line." Where is this to be found? + + Ditto, ditto. "Ben Jonson after sketching." See _Discoveries_, p. 749. + _ut sup._ + + Ditto, p. xxix. "Might have censured with Hume." Where? + + Ditto, ditto. "Hobbes." Where does he praise Bacon? + + Ditto, ditto. "Bayle." In Bayle's _Dictionary_ [English edition, 1710], + _s. v._, we find but fourteen lines on Bacon. + + Ditto, ditto. "Tacitus." _Vit. Agric._, cap. 44. + + Ditto, p. xxxiii. note. Solomon's House. See p. 296. _seqq._ of the + vol. of the _Standard Library_. + + Ditto, p. xxxiv. note. Paterculus, i. 17. 6. [Burmann.] + +(_To be continued._) + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + +26. Hill's Road, Cambridge. + + * * * * * + +LATIN POEMS IN CONNEXION WITH WATERLOO. + +I send you two copies of Latin verses which have not, to my knowledge, +appeared in print. They are however interesting, from the coincidence of +their both relating to _elm-trees_, and in some measure belonging to the +"Story of Waterloo," about which we never can hear too much. The lines +themselves possess considerable merit; and, as their authors were +respectively distinguished alumni of Eton and Winchester, I hope to see +both compositions placed in juxtaposition in the columns of "N. & Q." + +The first of these productions was written by Marquis Wellesley, as an +inscription for a chair carved from the _Wellington Elm_ (which stood near +the centre of the British lines on the field of Waterloo), and presented to +his Majesty King George IV., to whom the lines were addressed: + + Ampla inter spolia, et magni decora alta triumphi, + _Ulmus_ erit fastis commemoranda tuis, + Quam super exoriens faustâ tibi gloria pennâ + Palmam oleamque uno detulit alma die; + Immortale decus maneat, famâque perenni + Felicique geras sceptra paterna manu; + Et tua victrices dum cingunt tempora lauri, + Materies solio digna sit ista tuo. + +For the other verses subjoined, we are indebted to the late Rev. William +Crowe, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and many years public orator in that +university. It seems that he had planted _an elm_ at his parsonage, on the +birth of his son, afterwards killed at Waterloo, which sad event was {7} +commemorated by his afflicted father in the following touching monody, +_affixed to the same tree_: + + _Hanc_ Ego quam felix annis melioribus _Ulmum_ + Ipse manu sevi, tibi dilectissime Fili + Consecro in æternum, Gulielme vocabitur Arbos + Hæc tua, servabitque tuum per secula nomen. + Te generose Puer nil muneris hujus egentem + Te jam perfunctum vitæ bellique labore, + Adscripsit Deus, et coelestibus intulit oris, + Me tamen afflictum, me consolabitur ægrum + Hoc tibi quod pono, quanquam leve pignus amoris, + Hic Ego de vitâ meditans, de sorte futurâ, + Sæpe tuam recolam formam, dulcemque loquelam, + Verbaque tam puro et sacrato fonte profecta, + Quam festiva quidem, et facili condita lepore. + At Te, qui nostris quicunque accesseris hospes + Sedibus, unum oro, moesti reverere Parentis, + Nec tu sperne preces quas hâc super Arbore fundo. + Sit tibi non invisa, sit inviolata securi, + Et quantum natura sinet, crescat monumentum + Egregii Juvenis, qui sævo est Marte peremptus, + Fortiter ob patriam pugnando, sic tibi constans + Stet fortuna domûs, sit nulli obnoxia damno, + Nec videas unquam dilecti funera nati. + +BRAYBROOKE. + + * * * * * + +SIR HENRY WOTTON AND MILTON. + +The letter which sir Henry Wotton addressed to Milton, on receiving the +_Maske presented at Ludlow-castle_, appears to admit of an interpretation +which has escaped the numerous editors of the works of Milton; and I +resolve to put this novel conjecture on its trial in the critical court of +facts and inferences held at No. 186. Fleet Street. + +Sir Henry Wotton thus expresses himself on the circumstance which I +conceive to have been misinterpreted: + + "For the work itself [a dainty piece of entertainment, by Milton] I had + viewed some good while before with singular delight, having received it + from our common friend Mr. R. in the very close of the late R.'s + _Poems_, printed at Oxford; whereunto [it] is added (as I now suppose) + that the accessory might help out the principal, according to the art + of stationers, and to leave the reader _con la bocca + dolce_."--_Reliquiæ Wottonianæ_, 1672. + +In the poems of Milton, as edited by himself in 1645, the date of this +letter is "13th April, 1638;" and as the _Poems_ of "Thomas Randolph, +master of arts, and late fellow of Trinity colledge in Cambridge," were +printed at Oxford in that year, in small quarto, it may be assumed that the +gift of _Mr. R._ was a copy of that volume, with the addition of the +_Maske_, as printed in the same size in 1637. Such was the conclusion of +Warton, and such is mine. The question at issue is, Who was _Mr. R._? +Warton says, "I believe _Mr. R._ to be John Rouse," the keeper of the +Bodleian library. Is it not more probable that _Mr. R._ means Robert +Randolph, master of arts, and student of Christchurch--a younger brother of +Thomas Randolph, and the editor of his poems? + +I must first dispose of the assertion that the friendship between Rouse and +Milton "appears to have subsisted in 1637." There is no evidence of their +friendship till 1647; and that evidence is the ode to Rouse, to which this +address is prefixed: "Jan. 23. 1646. Ad Joannem Rousium, Oxoniensis +academiæ bibliothecarium. De libro poematum amisso, _quem ille sibi denuo +mitti postulabat_, ut cum aliis nostris in bibliotheca publica reponeret, +ode." It seems that Milton did not send the volume of 1645 till a copy of +it had been requested; no evidence, certainly, of old friendship! I admit +the probability that Wotton and Rouse were friends; but why should Rouse +_officiously stitch up_, as Warton expresses it, the _Mask_ of Milton with +the _Poems_ of Thomas Randolph, and present the volume to Wotton? Did he +give away that which is still wanting in the Bodleian library? + +Admit my novel conjecture, and all the difficulties vanish. Thomas +Randolph, says Phillips, was "one of the most pregnant young wits of his +time;" and Robert, who was also noted as a poet, could scarcely fail to +offer the poems of his brother to so eminent a person as sir Henry Wotton. +As sir Henry _yearly went to Oxford_, he may have made acquaintance with +Robert; and Robert may have been introduced to Milton by Thomas, who was +for eight years his cotemporary at Cambridge, and in the enjoyment of much +more celebrity. The _Maske_ may have been added as an experiment in +criticism. + +The rev. Thomas Warton was a man of extensive reading, an excellent critic, +and a fascinating writer--but too often inattentive to accuracy of +statement. He says that Randolph _died_ the 17th March, 1634: Wood says he +was _buried_ the 17th March, 1634. He says it is so stated on his monument: +the monument has no date. He says the _Poems_ of Randolph contain 114 +pages: the volume contains 368 pages! He says the _Maske_ is a slight +quarto of 30 pages only; it contains 40 pages! Is it not fit that such +carelessness should be exposed? + +BOLTON CORNEY. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Unlucky to sell eggs after Sunset._--The following paragraph is extracted +from the _Stamford Mercury_ of October 29, 1852: + + "There exists a species of superstition in north Nottinghamshire + against letting eggs go out of a house after sunset. The other day a + person in want of some eggs called at a farm-house in East Markham, and + inquired of the good woman of the house whether she had any eggs to + sell, to which she replied that she had a few scores to dispose of. + 'Then I'll take them home {8} with me in the cart,' was his answer; to + which she somewhat indignantly replied, 'That you'll not; don't you + know the sun has gone down? You are welcome to the eggs at a proper + hour of the day; but I would not let them go out of the house after the + sun is set on any consideration whatever!'" + +DRAUFIELD. + +_Old Song._-- + + My father gave me an acre of land, + Sing ivy, sing ivy. + My father gave me an acre of land, + Sing green bush, holly, and ivy. + I plough'd it with a ram's horn, + Sing ivy, &c. + I harrow'd it with a bramble, + Sing ivy, &c. + I sow'd it with a peppercorn, + Sing ivy, &c. + I reap'd it with my penknife, + Sing ivy, &c. + I carried it to the mill upon the cat's back, + Sing ivy, &c. + +Then follows some more which I forget, but I think it ends thus: + + I made a cake for all the king's men, + Sing ivy, sing ivy. + I made a cake for all the king's men, + Sing green bush, holly, and ivy. + +D. + +_Nursery Tale._-- I saddled my sow with a sieve full of buttermilk, put my +foot into the stirrup, and leaped nine miles beyond the moon into the land +of temperance, where there was nothing but hammers and hatchets and +candlesticks, and there lay bleeding Old Noles. I let him lie, and sent for +Old Hippernoles, and asked him if he could grind green steel nine times +finer than wheat flour. He said he could not. Gregory's wife was up in the +pear-tree gathering nine corns of buttered peas to pay Saint James' rent. +Saint James was in the meadow mowing oat cakes; he heard a noise, hung his +scythe at his heels, stumbled at the battledore, tumbled over the barn-door +ridge, and broke his shins against a bag of moonshine that stood behind the +stairsfoot door, and if that isn't true you know as well as I. + +D. + +_Legend of Change._--In one of the Magazines for November, a legend, stated +to be of oriental origin, is given, in which an immortal, visiting at +distant intervals the same spot, finds it occupied by a city, an ocean, a +forest, and a city again: the mortals whom he found there, on each +occasion, believing that the present state had existed for ever. I have +seen in the newspapers, at different times, a poem (or I rather think two +poems) founded on this legend; and I should like to know the author or +authors, and whether it, or either of them, is to be found in any +collection of poems. + +D. X. + + * * * * * + +PASSAGE IN HAMLET. + + "Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, + Unhousell'd, disappointed, unaneld'd." + _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 5. + +Boucher, in his _Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words_ (art. ANYEAL), +has a note on this passage which seems to me to give so much better an idea +of the word _disappointed_ than any I have met with, that I am induced to +send it you as a Note:-- + + "The last two words have occasioned considerable difficulty to the + critics. The old copies, it is said, concur in giving _disappointed_, + which Dr. Johnson is willing to understand as meaning _unprepared_; a + sense that might very well suit the context, but will not be easily + confirmed by any other instance of the use of the word _disappointed_. + Dissatisfied, therefore, with this interpretation, some have read + _unanointed_, and some _unappointed_. Not approving of either of these + words, as connected with _unanealed_, Pope, no timid corrector of + texts, reads _unaneld_, which he supposes to signify _unknelled_, or + the having no knell rung. To these emendations and interpretations Mr. + Theobald, whose merit as a commentator of Shakspeare Mr. Pope, with all + his wit and all his poetry, could not bring into dispute, urged many + strong objections. Skinner rightly explains _anealed_ as meaning + _unctus_; from the Teutonic preposition _an_, and _ele_, oil. As + correction of the second word is admitted by all the commentators to be + necessary, it is suggested that a clear and consistent meaning, + consonant with Shakspeare's manner, will be given to the passage, if, + instead of _disappointed_, _unassoiled_, which signifies 'without + absolution,' be substituted. + + "The line-- + + 'Unhousell'd, unassoil'd, unaneal'd,' + + will then signify 'without receiving the sacrament: without confession + and absolution: and without extreme unction.' + + "The _unassoiled_ was no less proper, will appear from due attention to + the word _assoile_, which of course is derived from _absolvo_; and the + transition from _absolve_ into _assoyle_ is demonstrated in the + following passage from Piers Plowman, Vision, p. 3.: + + 'There preached a pardoner, as he a priest were, + Brought forth a bul, with many a bishop's seales, + And saide, that himself might absoyle hem alle, + Of falshode, of fasting, and of vowes broken.' + + As a further confirmation of the propriety of substituting a word + signifying _absolution_, which pre-supposes confession, the following + sentence from _Prince Arthur_ may be adduced: 'She was confessed and + houselled, and then she died,' part ii. p. 108. + + "It must be allowed that no instance can be given of the word + _unassoiled_: but neither does any other instance occur to me of the + word _unhouseled_ except the line in _Hamlet_." + +B. J. S. + + * * * * * + +{9} + +VOLCANIC INFLUENCE ON THE WEATHER. + +The recent observations of your correspondent MR. NOAKE (Vol. vi., p. 531.) +on the superstitions of the people of Worcestershire regarding the weather, +have called my attention to the present extraordinary wet season, on which +subject I have been asked many questions. Although I do not account myself +any more weatherwise than my neighbours, yet I may note that, for many +years past, I have remarked that whenever we have had any very serious +volcanic disturbance in the Mediterranean or its neighbourhood, or at Mount +Hecla, we have always had some corresponding atmospheric agitation in this +country, either in excessive heat or moisture, or both, and accompanied +with very perceptible vibrations, at times so strong as to answer the name +of earthquakes; and these vibrating so generally in the direction from +north-west to south-east, I have been convinced that underneath us there is +a regular steam passage from Mount Hecla in Iceland to Mount Vesuvius in +Italy. I have unfortunately mislaid my memoranda on this subject, and have +no regular roster of these occasional visitations to refer to, but I think +my attention to this effect was first impressed on me by the season which +followed the destruction at Lisbon in 1796. I recollect a friend of mine, +the late Mr. Empson, of Bouley, while attending some drainage improvements +in his carrs within the Level of Ancholme, was aroused by an extraordinary +noise, which he thought was occasioned by some "drunken fools," as he +called them, racing with their waggons upon the turnpike road above the +hill, which was two miles off from where he then was in the carrs. His +uphill shepherd, however, told him, when he got home, that there had been +no such occurrence as he supposed on the turnpike, as, had such been the +case, he must have heard and seen it. The next day, however, added fresh +information, and better observers discovered that the noise heard across +the carrs was underground; and further intelligence confirmed the suspicion +that it was occasioned by a species of earthquake that had been felt at +different places with different intensities, through Yorkshire and +Lancashire, and amongst the islands west of Scotland; and afterwards came +the same kind of intelligence across France, confirming me in my +conclusions before noted. And ever since this period of 1796 we have never +had any extraordinary alternation of extreme heat or wet, without its being +to me the result of some accompanying volcanic agitation in Mount Hecla, or +Mount Vesuvius or its neighbourhood; and the recurrence of the violent +ebullition that has this year being going on at Mount Etna may therefore be +considered as the electric cause not only of the extraordinary heat of our +late summer, but also of the floods that have subsequently poured down upon +us. It is only of late years that scientific men have paid due attention to +these physical phenomena. Sir Humphrey Davy, I think, was the first who +laid down their causes; and if we recollect the account given by Sir +Stamford Raffles of the appalling effects of the tremendous explosion of +Tombora, in Sambowa, one of the islands east of Java, in the year 1815, +described as so violent in its immediate neighbourhood as to cause men, and +horses, and trees to be taken up into the air like chaff; and of its +effects being perceptible in Sumatra, where, nearly at a thousand miles +distance from it, they heard its thundering noisy explosions,--thinking of +this, we may well accede the comparatively small vibrations that we +occasionally feel, as arising from the interchange of civilities passing +between our volcanic neighbours Hecla and Vesuvius, or Etna; and glad we +may be that we have them in no more inconvenient shape or degree than we +have hitherto experienced them. I have some friends in Lancashire who have +been a good deal alarmed by the vibrations they have lately experienced; +and I must confess that my good wife and myself were, on the morning of the +10th Dec., not a little startled in our bed by a shock that aroused us +early to inquire after the cause of it, but for which we cannot account +otherwise than that, from its sudden electric character, the Lancashire +vibration had reached us. The chief purport, however, of my present +communication is, to make inquiry amongst your readers, whether any of +them, like myself, have observed and experienced any recurrence of these +concomitant and physical obtrusions. + +WM. S. HESLEDON. + +Barton upon Humber. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Value of MSS._--In the cause of Calvert _v._ Sebright, a question arose as +to the sale of a collection of manuscript books by the late Sir John +Sebright in the year 1807. In aid of the inquiry before the Master, as to +the difference in value of the manuscripts in 1807 and the year 1849, Mr. +Rodd made an affidavit, from which I have made the following extract, +showing the prices at which five lots were sold in 1807, and the prices at +which the same lots were sold at the late Mr. Heber's sale in 1836: + + "No. in Catalogue, 1185. Bracton de (Hen.) Consuetudinibus et Legibus + Anglicæ. (In pergamena) literis deauratis. Sold in 1807 for 1l. 13s.: + produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 6l. 6s. + + "Lot 1190. Gul. Malmesburiensis de Gestis Regum Anglorum. (In + pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for 1l. 7s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, + 63l. + + "Lot 1195. Chronica Gulielmi Thorn. (In membranis.) Sold in 1807 for + 12s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 85l. + + {10} "Lot 1198. Henrici Archid. Huntindoniensis de Gestis Anglorum et + Gyr. Cambriensis expugnatio Hiberniæ. (In pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for + 2l. 1s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 78l. 15s. 6d. + + "Lot 1206. Chronica Matt. Parisensis sine Historia Minor cum vitâ + authoris, per Doctissimum Virum Rog. Twysden Bar. (In papyro.) Sold in + 1807 for 2l. 8s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 5l. 15s. 6d. Total + produce in 1807, 8l. 1s.: in 1836, 238l. 17s." + +In the catalogue of Heber's books, &c., Nos. 447. 1006. 498. 118. and 1016. +correspond with the Nos. 1185. 1190. 1195. 1198. 1206. + +F. W. J. + +_Robert Hill._--I possess a Latin Bible which formerly belonged to this +person, and contains many MS. notes in his handwriting. The following is by +another hand: + + "This book formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Hill, a taylor of + Buckingham, and an acquaintance of my cousin John Herbert, surgeon of + that town. J. L." + + "In literature we find of this profession (_i. e._ that of a taylor) + John Speed, a native of Cheshire, whose merit as an historian and + antiquary are indisputable--to whom may be added the name of a man who + in literature ought to have taken the lead, we mean John Stow. Benjamin + Robins, the compiler of _Lord Anson's Voyage_, who united the powers of + the sword and the pen, was professionally a taylor of Bath; as was + Robert Hill of Buckingham, who, in the midst of poverty and distress, + while obliged to labour at his trade for the support of a large family, + acquired a knowledge of the Hebrew, and other languages, such as has + only been equalled by Magliabecchi, who studied in a cradle curtained + by cobwebs and colonised by spiders."--See "Vestiges Revived," No. XX. + _European Mag._ for Mar. 1813. + +The above choice note is, I presume, an extract from the _Europ. Mag._, and +may serve to show that although ordinarily it takes "nine tailors to make a +man," it may occasionally require nine men to make such a tailor as R. Hill +seems to have been. + +B. H. C. + +_English Orthography._--The agricultural newspapers and magazines in the +United States have generally restored the spelling of _plow_ in place of +_plough_, which has crept in since the translation of the Bible into +English. + +Could not _cloke_, the old spelling, be also restored, in place of _cloak_, +which has nothing but _oak_ to keep it in countenance; whilst _cloke_ is in +analogy with _smoke_, _poke_, _broke_, &c.? + +There are two English words, in pronouncing which not a single letter of +them is sounded; namely _ewe_ (yo!) and _aye_ (I!) + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735._--The following curious report of a law +case appears in Morison's _Dictionary of the Decisions of the Court of +Session_, p. 9455. It appears from it that, so late as 1735, the city of +Glasgow, now containing a population of nearly 400,000, was considered too +limited a sphere for the support of only _two_ booksellers. + + "1735, January 15. Stalker against Carmichael. Carmichael and Stalker + entered into a co-partnery of bookselling within the City of Glasgow, + to continue for three years; and because _the place was judged too + narrow for two booksellers at a time_, it was stipulated that after the + expiry of three years, either of them refusing to enter into a new + contract upon the former terms, should be debarred from any concern in + bookselling within the city of Glasgow. In a reduction of the contract, + the Lords found the debarring clause in the contract is a lawful + practice, and not contrary to the liberty of the subject." + +X. Y. + +Edinburgh. + +_Epitaph on a Sexton._--Epitaph on a sexton, who received a great blow by +the clapper of a bell: + + "Here lyeth the body of honest John Capper, + Who lived by the bell, and died by the clapper." + +Answer to the foregoing: + + "I am not dead indeed, but have good hope, + To live by the bell when you die by the rope." + +E. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +EUSTACHE DE SAINT PIERRE. + +With the siege of Calais, and its surrender to Edward III. in 1347, is +associated the name of Eustache de St. Pierre, whose loyalty and +devotedness have been immortalised by the historian, and commemorated by +the artist's pencil. The subject of Queen Philippa's intercessions on +behalf of Eustache and his brave companions is, no doubt, familiar to most +of your readers: the stern demeanour of the king; the tears and +supplicating attitude of the Queen Philippa; and the humiliating position +of the burgesses of Calais, &c. But what if Eustache de St. Pierre had been +bought over by King Edward? For without going the length of pronouncing the +scenes of the worthy citizens, with halters round their necks, to have been +a "got up" affair, there is, however, some reason to doubt whether the +boasted loyalty of Eustache de St. Pierre was such as is represented, as +will appear from the following notes. And however much the statements +therein contained may detract from the cherished popular notions regarding +Eustache de St. Pierre, yet the seeker after truth is inexorable, or, to +use the words of Sir Francis Palgrave (_Hist. of Norm. and Eng._, i. 354.), +he is expected "to uncramp or shatter the pedestals supporting the idols +which have won the false worship of the multitude; so that they may nod in +their niches, or topple down." + +In one of the volumes forming part of that valuable collection published by +the French {11} government,and commenced, I believe, under the auspices of +M. Guizot, namely, the _Documens inédits sur l'Histoire de France_, the +following passage attracted my notice: + + "Il (M. de Bréquigny) a prouvé par des titres authentiques et inconnus + jusqu'à présent, qu'Eustache de St. Pierre, dont on a si fort vanté le + dévouement pour les habitans de Calais, fut séduit par Edouard, et + qu'il reçut de ce prince des pensions et des possessions fort peu de + temps après la prise de cette place, aux conditions d'y maintenir le + bon ordre, et de la conserver à l'Angleterre."--See _Lettres de Rois, + &c._, vol. i. Preface, p. cix. + +The above statement is founded on a memoir read before the Académie des +Belles-Lettres by M. de Bréquigny, respecting the researches made by him in +London (see _Mém. de l'Acad. des Belles-Lettres_, tom. xxxvii.). + +Lingard throws a doubt over the matter. He says: + + "Froissart has dramatised this incident with considerable effect; but, + I fear, with little attention to truth.... Even in Froissart there is + nothing to prove that Edward designed to put these men to death. On the + contrary, he takes notice that the King's refusal of mercy was + accompanied with a wink to his attendants, which, if it meant anything, + must have meant that he was not acting seriously."--_Lingard_, 3rd + edit. 1825, vol. iv. p. 79., note 85. + +Again, in Hume: + + "The story of the six burgesses of Calais, like all extraordinary + stories, is somewhat to be suspected; and so much the more, as + Avesbury, who is particular in his narrative of the surrender of + Calais, says nothing of it, and, on the contrary, extols in general the + King's generosity and lenity to the inhabitants."--_Hume_, 8vo. 1807, + vol. ii., note H. + +Both Hume and Lingard mention that Edward expelled the natives of Calais, +and repeopled the place with Englishmen; but they say nothing as to +Eustache de St. Pierre becoming a pensioner of the King's "aux conditions +d'y maintenir le bon ordre, et de la conserver à l'Angleterre." + +Châteaubriand (_Etudes Hist._, 1831, 8vo., tome iv. p. 104.) gives +Froissart's narrative, by which he abides, at the same time complaining of +the "esprit de dénigrement" which he says prevailed towards the end of the +last century in regard to heroic actions. + +Regarding Queen Philippa's share in the transaction above referred to, M. +de Bréquigny says: + + "La reine, qu'on suppose avoir été si touchée du malheur des six + bourgeois dont elle venait de sauver la vie, ne laissa pas d'obtenir, + peu de jours après, la confiscation des maisons que Jean d'Acre, l'un + d'eux, avait possédées dans Calais." + +Miss Strickland (_Lives of Queens_, 1st edit., vol. ii. p. 336.) likewise +gives the story as related by Froissart, but mentions the fact of Queen +Philippa taking possession of Jean d'Acre's property, and the doubt cast +upon Eustache's loyalty; but she would appear to justify him by reason of +King Philip's abandoning the brave Calaisiens to their fate. However this +may be, documents exist proving that the inhabitants of Calais were +indemnified for their losses: and whether or not the family of Eustache de +St. Pierre approved his conduct, so much is certain, that, on the death of +the latter, the property which had been granted to him by King Edward was +confiscated, because they would not acknowledge their allegiance to the +English. + +I wish to ask whether this new light thrown on the subject, through M. de +Bréquigny's labours, has been hitherto noticed, for it would appear the +story should be re-written. + +PHILIP S. KING. + + * * * * * + +DEVIZES, ORIGIN OF: A QUESTION FOR THE HERALDS. + +I will put the following case as briefly as I can. + +Throughout the mediæval ages, the word _devise_ formed the generic term for +every species of emblazonment. Thus we have "_Devises Heroiques_, per +Claude Paradin, Lyons, 1557;" "_Devises et Emblems d'Amour moralisés_, par +Flamen;" "_The Paradise of Dainty Devices_, 1576;" "_Minerva Britannica, or +a Garden of Heroical Devices furnished and adorned with Emblems and +Impressa's of Sundry Natives_, newly devised, moralised, and published by +Henry Peachum, 1612;" and lastly, Henry Estienne's "discourse of +hieroglyphs, symbols, gryphs, emblems, enigmas, sentences, parables, +reverses of medals, arms, blazons, cimiers, cyphers, and rebus," which +learned discourse, be it observed, is entitled _The Art of making Devises_, +1646. As an additional proof that device included the motto, take the +following: + + "Henry III. commanded to be written by way of device in his chamber at + Woodstock, 'Qui non dat quod amat non accipit ille quod optat;'" + +quoted by Sir Eger. Brydges. Here I must stop, though I could add many +illustrations; and go on to observe, that whereas all the explanations +which I have ever met with, of the unique appellation of "Castrum +Divisarum," or the castle of Devises, are totally un-historic, if not +ridiculous, I crave the attention of all whom it may concern to a new +solution of the difficulty. + +First, then, in order to clear the way, I would observe, that if, as +commonly stated, the name had signified a frontier fort, would it not have +been called the castle of the division [singular] rather than the castle of +the divided districts? In other words, why make it a plural term? + +Secondly. If, as I surmise, the Italian word _divisa_ bore at the time of +the Conquest its present meaning of "device," in greater force than the +{12} sense of divisions or partitions, is it unreasonable to suppose that +Castrum Divisarum implied and constituted, at that early period, the +deposit or fountain-head of the blazonry of the Norman leaders? + +It was certainly not unsuited for such a species of heralds' college; being +central, inland, a royal treasury, and the frequent scene of a court. When +in the ensuing age re-edified by Bishop Roger, the monkish historians, +without a dissentient voice, proclaimed it the most splendid castle in the +realm; and though it may be objected that this observation belongs to a +date not to our purpose, yet the pre-existence of the fortress is proved by +its having been the temporary prison of Duke Robert. I am aware that such a +notion as Devizes having formed the nucleus of the tree heraldic in England +is not countenanced, nor even suspected, by any of the popular writers on +the art. I may add, that one gentleman, holding an important position +therein, has signified his disapproval of so early an origin being assigned +to the institution. But over-against this, I beg to parade a passage from a +letter written by Thomas Blore in 1806 to Sir Egerton Brydges: + + "The heralds," says he, "seem originally not to have been instituted + for the manufacturing of armorial ensigns, but for the recording those + ensigns which had been borne."--_Censura Literaria_, vol. iii. p. 254. + +My case is now stated. I shall be well content that some of your +archæological friends should scatter it to the winds, provided they will +explain how it is that Devizes, in common with some of the ancient cities +of Egypt and Greece, has so long rejoiced in a plural name. To aid this +last endeavour, I close with one more statement. The castle stood nearly +midway between two other adjoining towns or villæ, also bearing plural +names: Potternæ=arum [Posternæ?] and Kaningæ=arum. + +J. WAYLEN. + +P.S.--I think I may plead the privilege of a postscript for the purpose of +recording (what may be taken as) an indication, though perhaps not a proof, +that the idea of devices or contrivances was implied in the name so +recently as the period of the civil war. The _Mercurius Civicus_, a +parliamentary paper, 1644, states that Devizes was being garrisoned for the +king, in the following terms: + + "Hopton is fortifying amain at the Devises in Wiltshire, but I fear + greater fortifyings for the Devices in Oxford." + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Gold Signet Ring._--I possess an ancient gold signet ring, which was dug +up a few years since not far from an old entrenchment in the borough of +Leominster, in the county of Hereford, the device thereon being a _cock_; +it is of very pure metal, and weighs 155 grains. It is in fine +preservation: and device is rudely cut, but I beg to inclose an impression +from which you may judge. Can any of your antiquarian readers throw any +light on the subject to whom this device originally belonged? + +In levelling the fortified entrenchment above referred to some half century +ago, various utensils of pottery, burnt bones, spear and arrow heads, +tesselated tiles, fragments of sculptured stones, and other relics of +antiquity, were found. + +J. B. WHITBORNE. + +_Ecclesia Anglicana._--I observe, in an interesting letter published in the +December Number of the _Ecclesiologist_, in an enumeration of Service Books +belonging to the English Church before the Reformation, and now existing in +the Pepysian Library, Cambridge, the following title: + + "No. 1198. Servicium de omni Officio Episcopali consernenta (_sic_) + chorum ... secundum usum Ecclesie Anglicane." + +Now I am anxious to know from any of your readers, who are better informed +on these subjects than I am, or who have access to old libraries, whether +_Ecclesia Anglicana_ is a _usual_ designation of the Catholic Church in +England before the Reformation. + +Service Books according to the use of some particular cathedral church are +of course well known, as in this same list to which I have referred we find +"secundum usum insignis ecclesie Eboracensis," "ad insignis ecclesiæ +Sarisburiensis usum," &c.: but I should be glad to learn, in these days of +_ultramontane_ pretensions, whether, even prior to the Reformation, the +distinct nationality of the Anglican church was _commonly_ asserted by the +use of such a title in her Service Books. I need scarcely observe how many +interesting cognate questions might be asked on this subject. + +G. R. M. + +_Tangiers.--English Army in 1684._--A merchant in 1709 deposed that he knew +not how long complainant had been a _soldier_, or beyond the seas before +May, 1697, but that he has heretofore seen and knew him at Tomger, before +and at the time of the demolishing thereof, being then a _soldier_; and no +doubt could prove that he was in England a considerable time next before +May, 1697. + +Could the place be other than Tangiers, destroyed in 1684? + +Was complainant (a younger son of a well-connected family of gentry, but +himself probably in poverty), who in deeds, and on his mon. tablet, is +described as gent., likely to have been in 1684 (aged twenty-seven) a +private, a non-commissioned, or commissioned officer? + +If the latter, would he not have been so described? + +A. C. + +{13} + +_Smith._--Of what family was ---- Smith, confessor of Katherine of +Braganza, buried in York Minster? and what are the arms on his tomb? Where +can information be obtained as to a Judge Smith, supposed to have been of +the same family? + +A. F. B. + +Diss. + +_Termination "-itis."_--What is the derivation of the termination "-itis," +used principally in medical words, and these signifying inflammation, as +Pleuritis, _vulgo_ pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura, &c.? + +ADSUM. + +_Loak Hen._--In two or more parishes in Norfolk was a custom, or modus, of +paying a _loak hen_ in lieu of tythes of fowls and eggs. I shall feel +obliged to any of your correspondents who can inform me what constituted a +_loak hen_? + +G. J. + +_Etymological Traces of the Social Position of our Ancestors._--I remember +reading an account of the traces of the social position of our Saxon +ancestors yet remaining in our English customs, which interested me much at +the time, and which I would gladly again refer to, as, Captain Cuttle's +invaluable maxim not being then extant, I neglected "making a note of it." + +It described the Norman derivation of the names of all kinds of _meat_, as +beef, mutton, veal, venison, &c.; while the corresponding _animals_ still +retained their original Saxon appellations, ox, sheep, calf, &c.: and it +accounted for this by the fact, that while the animals were under the care +of the Saxon thralls and herdsmen, they retained of course their Saxon +names; but when served up at the tables of their Norman lords, it became +necessary to name them afresh. + +I think the word _heronsewes_ (cf. Vol. iii., pp. 450. 207.; Vol. iv., p. +76.) is another example, which are called _harnseys_ at this day in +Norfolk; as it is difficult, on any other supposition, to account for an +East-Anglian giving a French appellation to so common a bird as the heron. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +_Locke's Writings._--In an unpublished manuscript of Paley's _Lectures on +Locke's Essay_, it is stated that so great was the antipathy against the +writings of this eminent philosopher, at the time they were first issued, +that they were "burnt at Oxford by the hands of the common hangman." Is +this fact recorded in any Life of Locke; or how may it be ascertained? +There is no notice of it, I believe, in either Law's _Life_, or in that of +Lord King. + +GEORGE MUNFORD. + +East Winch. + +_Passage in Göthe's "Faust."_--Has the following passage from the second +part of _Faust_ ever been noticed in connexion with the fact that the clock +in Göthe's chamber stopped at the moment that he himself expired? If it has +not, I shall congratulate myself on having been the first to point out this +very curious coincidence + + "_Mephistopheles._ Die Zeit wird Herr, der Gries hier liegt im Sand, + _Die Uhr steht still_---- + _Chorus._ Steht still! Sie schweigt wie Mitternacht + _Der Zeiger fällt._ + _Mephistopheles._ Er fällt, es ist vollbracht." + _Faust_, der Tragödie Zweiter Theil, Fünfter Act. + +W. FRASER. + +_Schomberg's Epitaph by Swift._--A correspondent asks whether the epitaph +alluded to in the following extract from the _Daily Courant_ of July 17, +1731, is given in any edition of Swift's _Works_. + + "The Latin Inscription, composed by the Rev. Dr. Swift, Dean of St. + Patrick's, and ordered by the Dean and Chapter to be fixed up in the + Cathedral of the said Church, over the place where the body of the + great Duke of Schomberg lies, has been with all possible care and + elegance engraved on a beautiful table of black Kilkenny marble, about + eight feet long and four or five broad; the letters are gilded, and the + whole is now finished with the utmost neatness. People of all ranks are + continually crowding to see it, and the Inscription is universally + admired." + +The _Daily Gazetteer_ of Saturday, July 12, 1740, gives a detailed account +of the rejoicings in Dublin on the Tuesday preceding, being the anniversary +of the battle of the Boyne, and a particular account of the bonfire made by +Dean Swift in St. Kevin's Street, near the watch-house. + +E. + +_The Burial Service said by Heart._--Bishop Sprat (in his _Discourse to his +Clergy_, 1695, for which see _Clergyman's Instructor_, 1827, p. 245.) +relates that, immediately after the Restoration, a noted ringleader of +schism in the former times was interred in one of the principal churches of +London, and that the minister of the parish, being a wise and regular +conformist, and afterwards an eminent bishop, delivered the whole Office of +Burial by heart on that occasion. The friends of the deceased were greatly +edified at first, but afterwards much surprised and confounded when they +found that their fervent admiration had been bestowed on a portion of the +Common Prayer. Southey (_Common-Place Book_, iii. 492.) conjectures that +the minister was Bull. This cannot be, for Bull, I believe, never held a +London cure. Was it Hackett? And who was the noted ringleader of schism? + +J. K. + +_Shaw's Staffordshire MSS._--Can any of your Staffordshire correspondents +furnish information as to the present depository of the Rev. Stebbing +Shaw's Staffordshire MSS., and the MS. notes of Dr. Thomas Harwood used in +his two editions {14} of Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_? And can they refer to +a pedigree of Thomas Wood, Esq., Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, +1501; who is said to have built Hall O'Wood, in Batterley, near Botley, +Staffordshire. + +N. C. L. + +_"Ne'er to these chambers," &c._-- + + "Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest + Since their foundation, came a nobler guest, + Nor to th' immortal entrance e'er convey'd + A loftier spirit, or more welcome shade." + +Where do these lines come from? + +ARAM. + +Swillington. + +_County History Societies._--I would suggest the idea whether County +History Societies might not be formed with advantage, as there are so many +counties which have never had their histories written. They are very +expensive and laborious for individuals to undertake, and constantly +require additions on account of the many changes which are taking place, to +make them complete as works of reference for the present time: I think that +by the means suggested they might be made very useful, particularly if +complete statistical tables were annexed to the general and descriptive +account. With comparatively little expense, the history and statistics of +every county could be brought down to the latest date, making a valuable +work of reference to which all could refer with confidence for the +information which is constantly being sought for. + +G. H. + +_Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter._--Is any pedigree extant of the family of +Hugh Oldham? Baines speaks of him (_Hist. of Lanc._, vol. ii. p. 579.) as +"descended from an ancient family," born, "according to Wood and Godwin, at +Manchester; but, according to Dodsworth, at Oldham." + +What arms did he adopt? + +J. B. + +_The English Domestic Novel._--My first intention was to ask whether Defoe +was the founder of this pleasing class of literature, but have just +recollected, that Mrs. Aphara Behn wrote something of the kind in the time +of Charles II. My first question will be, therefore, who was the earliest +writer of this description? And, secondly, is not the matter of sufficient +interest to ask your readers' assistance in the formation of a list, giving +full titles, authors' names, and dates extending to 1730 or 1750? + +JOHN MILAND. + +_Dr. Young._--In the most authentic biographical accounts we leave of Dr. +Young the poet, it is stated that he left in the hands of his housekeeper a +collection of manuscript sermons, with an injunction that after his death +they should be destroyed; it is also added, that this request was only +complied with _in part_. Can any of your correspondents confirm the hope +that these sermons may still be in existence; and if so, in what quarter +information may be obtained concerning them? The housekeeper is said to +have been the widow of a clergyman, and therefore was not regarded by the +Doctor in the light of a servant. + +J. H. + +Cambridge. + +_Bishop Hall's Meditations._--I have an old copy before me, the title-page +of which runs as follows: + + "Occasionall Meditations by Jos. Exon. Set forth by R. H. The Third + Edition: with the Addition of Forty-nine Meditations not heretofore + published: London, printed by M. F. for Nathaniel Butter, 1633." + +It is edited by Bishop Hall's son (Robert). I should be glad to learn +whether this is a scarce edition. + +BOEOTICUS. + +Edgmond, Salop. + +_Chatterton._--Dr. Gregory, in his _Life of Chatterton_, p. 100. (reprinted +by Southey in the first volume of his edition of Chatterton's _Works_, p. +lxx.), says: "Chatterton, as appears by the coroner's inquest, swallowed +arsenick in water, on the 24th of August, 1770, and died in consequence +thereof the next day." + +Mr. Barrett, the historian of Bristol, one of Chatterton's best friends and +patrons, who, from his profession as a surgeon, was likely to have made, +and seems to have made, inquiries as to the circumstances of his death, +says, in his _History of Bristol_, not published before 1789, and therefore +not misled by any false first report, that Chatterton's principles impelled +him to become his own executioner. He took a large dose of opium, some of +which was picked out from his teeth after his death, and he was found the +next morning a most horrid spectacle: with limbs and features distorted as +after convulsions, a frightful and ghastly corpse" (p. 647.). I do not know +whether this contradiction has ever been noticed, and shall be obliged to +any correspondent who can give me information. I believe that Sir Herbert +Croft's _Love and Madness_ was the authority followed by Dr. Gregory, but I +have not the book. + +N. B. + +_Passage in Job._--The wonderful and sublime book of Job, authenticated by +subsequent Divine records, and about 3400 years old, is very probably the +most ancient writing in the world: and though life and immortality were +especially reserved as the glorious gift and revelation of our Blessed +Redeemer, the eternal Author and Finisher of our salvation, yet Job was +permitted to declare his deep conviction, that he should rise from the dead +and see God. This memorable declaration (chap. xix. ver. 25.) can be +forgotten by none of your readers; but some of them may not know that the +Septuagint adds these words of life to chap. xlii. ver. 17.:"[Greek: +gegraptai de, auton palin anastêsesthai meth' hôn ho Kurios +anistêsin][2]."--(But it is written that {15} he shall rise again with +those whom the Lord raiseth up.) + +Our authorised and truly admirable translation of the Holy Scriptures omits +this deeply important conclusion of Job's life, so properly noticed by the +learned and excellent Parkhurst. + +Pray, can you or any of your readers explain the cause of this omission? As +your pages have not been silent on the grand consummation which cannot be +too constantly before us, I do not apologise for this very short addition +to your Notes. + +EDWIN JONES. + +Southsea, Hants. + +[Footnote 2: This passage was originally printed "[Greek: gegraptai, +seauton] ...". It was corrected by an erratum in next issue--Transcriber.] + +_Turner's View of Lambeth Palace._--In a newspaper memoir of the late Mr. +Turner, R.A., published shortly after his death, it was stated that the +first work exhibited by him at Somerset House was a "View of Lambeth +Palace," I believe in water colours. I should be glad to ascertain, through +your columns, if this picture be still in existence, and in what +collection. + +L. E. X. + +_Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning._--Can any of +the readers of "N. & Q." assist me in obtaining a copy of this work? In the +same author's _Rationale of Circulating Numbers_ (Murray, London, 1778) it +is stated that the demonstrations of all the theorems and problems at the +end of the Rev. John Lawson's _Dissertation on the Geometrical Analysis of +the Ancients_ "will be given at the latter end of _An Essay on the +Usefulness of Mathematical Learning_, which will soon be published." In a +subsequent portion of the work, a sketch of the contents of the _Essay_ is +given, which include "a Treatise on Magic Squares, translated from the +French of Frenicle, as published in _Les Ouvrages de Mathématique par +Messieurs de l'Académie Royale des Sciences_, with several Additions and +Remarks." And in a list of "Tracts and Translations _written and published_ +by H. Clarke, LL.D.," which occurs at the end of my copy of the first +volume of Leybourn's _Mathematical Repository_ (London, 1805), the _Essay_ +appears as No. 10, and is stated to have been published in 8vo. at six +shillings. None of my friends are acquainted with the work; but if the +preceding description will enable any reader to help me to a copy, I shall +esteem it a great favour. + +T. T. WILKINSON. + +Burnley, Lancashire. + +"_The General Pardon._"--An imperfect copy of a small tract (measuring five +and a half inches by three and a half inches) has recently come into my +hands, of which I much desire to obtain the wanting parts. It is entitled: + + "The general Pardon, geuen longe agone, and sythe newly confyrmed, by + our Almightie Father, with many large Priuileges, Grauntes, and Bulles + graunted for euer, as is to be seen hereafter: Drawne out of Frenche + into English. By Wyllyam Hayward. Imprinted at London, by Wyllyam How, + for Wyllyam Pickeringe." + +There is no date, but it is believed to have been printed in or about 1571. +It is in black letter, and is an imitation of the Roman Catholic pardons. +It consists of twelve leaves. In my copy the last seven of these are torn +through their middle vertically. + +I have not been able to meet with this tract in the catalogues of any of +the great libraries which I have consulted; _e.g._ The British Museum, +Bodleian, Cambridge University, Lambeth, and several of the college +libraries at Cambridge. + +I want any information concerning it, or its original in French, which the +readers of "N. & Q." can give: also access to a copy from which to +transcribe the parts wanting in mine. + +CHARLES C. BABINGTON. + +St. John's Coll. Cambridge. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Edward the Confessor's Rings._--There is an old legend of a ring given to +one of our early kings, I think Edward the Confessor, by some saintly or +angelic messenger. If any of your readers could give me any of the details +of this story, it would very much oblige your constant reader + +M. J. T. + + [The following extract from Taylor's _Glory of Regality_, pp. 74. _et + seq._, will give our Correspondent the legend referred to. + + "The ring with which our kings are invested, called by some writers + 'the wedding ring of England,' is illustrated, like the Ampulla, by a + miraculous history, of which the following are the leading particulars: + from the 'Golden Legende' (_Julyan Notary_, 1503), p. 187.:--'Edward + the Confessor being one day askt for alms by a certain 'fayre olde + man,' the king found nothing to give him except his ring, with which + the poor man thankfully departed. Some time after, two English pilgrims + in the Holy Land having lost their road, as they travelled at the close + of the day, 'there came to them a fayre auncyent man wyth whyte heer + for age.' Then the old man axed them what they were and of what regyon. + And they answerde that they were Pylgryms of Englond, and hadde lost + their felyshyp and way also. Then this old man comforted theym goodly, + and brought theym into a fayre cytee; and whan they had well refresshyd + them, and rested theym alle nyght; on the morne, this fayre olde man + wente with theym and brought theym in the ryght waye agayne. And he was + gladde to hear theym talke of the welfare and holynesse of theyr Kynge + Saynt Edward. And whan he shold departe fro theym thenne he told theym + what he was, and sayd I am Johan Theuangelyst, and saye ye unto Edward + your king, that I grete hym well by the token that he gaaf to me thys + rynge with his one hondes, whych rynge ye shalle {16} delyuer to hym + agayne: and whan he had delyuerde to theym the ringe, he departed from + theym sodenly.' + + "This command, as may be supposed, was punctually obeyed by the + messengers, who were furnisht with ample powers for authenticating + their mission. The ring was received by the Royal Confessor, and in + after times was preserved with due care at his shrine in the Abbey of + Westminster."] + +_The Bourbons._--What was the origin of the Bourbon family? How did Henry +IV. come to be the next heir to the throne on the extinction of the line of +Valois? + +E. H. A. + + [Henri IV., King of Navarre, succeeded to the throne on the extinction + of the house of Valois, as the head of the house of Bourbon, which + descends from Robert of France, Count de Clermont, the fifth son of St. + Louis, and Seigneur de Bourbon. On the death of Louis I. in 1341, + leaving two sons, this house was divided into the Bourbon, or elder + branch (which became extinct on the death of the Constable of Bourbon, + in 1527), and the younger branch, or that of the Counts de la Marche, + afterwards Counts and Dukes of Vendome. Henri was the son of Antoine de + Bourbon, Duc de Vendome.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +EMBLEMS. + +(Vol. vi., p. 460.) + +The Query confirms Professor De Morgan's excellent article in _The +Companion to the Almanack for 1853_, "On the Difficulty of correct +Description of Books." The manuscript note cited by H. J., though curiously +inaccurate, guided me to the book for which he inquires. I copy the +title-page: "_Die Betrübte Pegnesis, den Leben, Kunst, und Tugend-Wandel +des Seelig-Edeln Floridans, H. Sigm. von Birken, Com. Pal. Cæs. durch 24 +Sinnbilder in Kupfern, zur schuldigen nach-Ehre fürstellend, und mit +Gesprach und Reim-Gedichten erklärend, durch ihre Blumen-Hirten._ Nürnberg, +1684, 12mo." I presume the annotator, not understanding German, and seeing +"Floridans" the most conspicuous word on the title-page, cited him as the +author; but it is the pastoral academic name of the late Herr Sigmond von +Birken, in whose honour the work is composed. The emblem, with the motto +"Bis fracta relinquor," at p. 249. (not 240.), is a tree from which two +boughs are broken. It illustrates the death of Floridan's second wife, and +his determination not to take a third. The chess-board, plate xiv. p. 202., +has the motto, "Per tot discrimina rerum," and commemorates Floridan's safe +return to Nuremberg after the multitudinous perils ("die Schaaren der +Gefahren") of a journey through Lower Saxony. They must have been great, if +typified by the state of the board, on which only a black king and a white +bishop are left--a chess problem! + +I bought my copy at a book-sale many years ago, and, after reading a few +pages, laid it aside as insufferably dull, although it was marked by its +former possessor, the Rev. Henry White, of Lichfield, "Very rare, probably +unique." On taking it up to answer H. J.'s Query, I found some matter +relating to the German academies of the seventeenth century, which I think +may be interesting. + +Mr. Hallam (_Literature of Europe_, IV. v. 9.) says: + + "The Arcadians determined to assume every one a pastoral name and a + Greek birthplace; to hold their meetings in some verdant meadow, and to + mingle with all their own compositions, as far as possible, images from + pastoral life; images always agreeable, because they recall the times + of primitive innocence. The poetical tribe adopted as their device the + pipe of seven reeds bound with laurel, and their president, or + director, was denominated General Shepherd or Keeper--_Custode + Generale_." + +He slightly mentions the German academics of the sixteenth century (III. +ix. 30.), and says: + + "It is probable that religious animosities stood in the way of such + institutions, _or they may have flourished without obtaining much + celebrity_." + +The academy of Pegnitz-shepherds ("Pegnitzshäfer-orden") took its name from +the little river Pegnitz which runs through Nuremberg. Herr Sigmond von +Birken was elected a member in 1645. He chose _Floridan_ as his pastoral +name, and the amaranth as his flower. In 1658 he was admitted to the Palm +Academy ("Palmen-orden"), choosing the name _Der Erwacsene_ (the adult?), +and the snowdrop. In 1659, a vacancy having occurred in the +Pegnitz-Herdsmen ("Pegnitz-Hirten") he was thought worthy to fill it, and +in 1679 he received the diploma of the Venetian order of the Recuperati. He +died in 1681. This, and what can be hung upon it, is _Die Betrübte +Pegnitz_, a dialogue of 406 pages. It opens with a meeting of shepherds and +shepherdesses, who go in and out of their cottages on the banks of the +Pegnitz, and tell one another, what all seem equally well acquainted with, +the entire life of their deceased friend. It would not be easy to find a +work more clumsy in conception and tasteless in execution. Herr von Birken +seems to have been a prosperous man, and to have enjoyed a high pastoral +reputation. His works are enumerated, but the catalogue looks ephemeral. +There is, however, one with a promising title: _Die Trockene Trunkenheit, +oder die Gebrauch und Missbrauch des Tabacks_. His portrait, as "Der +Erwachsene," is prefixed. It has not a shepherd-like look. He seems about +fifty, with a fat face, laced cravat, and large flowing wig. There are +twenty-four emblematical plates, rather below the average of their time. + +As so secondary a town as Nuremberg had at least three academies, we may +infer that such {17} institutions were abundant in Germany, in the +seventeenth century: that of the Pegnitz shepherds lasted at least till the +beginning of the eighteenth. In _Der Thörichte Pritschmeister_, a comedy +printed at Coblenz, 1704, one of the characters is "Phantasirende, ein +Pegnitz Schäffer," who talks fustian and is made ridiculous throughout. The +comedy is "von Menantes." I have another work by the same author: _Galante, +Verliebte, und Satyrische Gedichte_, Hamburg, 1704. I shall be very glad to +be told who he was, as his versification is often very good, and his jokes, +though not graceful, and not very laughable, are real. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + +MARRIAGES EN CHEMISE.--MANTELKINDER.--LEGITIMATION. + +(Vol. vi., pp. 485. 561.) + +The popular error on the legal effect of marriage _en chemise_ is, I think, +noticed among other vulgar errors in law in a little book published some +twenty years ago under the name of _Westminster Hall_, to which a deceased +lawyer of eminence, then young at the bar, was a contributor. I believe the +opinion to be still extensively prevalent, and to be probably founded, not +exactly in total ignorance, but in a misconception, of the law. The text +writers inform us that "the husband is liable for the wife's debts, +_because_ he acquires an absolute interest in the personal estate of the +wife," &c. (Bacon's _Abridgment_, tit. "Baron and Feme.") Now an unlearned +person, who hears this doctrine, might reasonably conclude, that if his +bride has no estate at all, he will incur no liability; and the future +husband, more prudent than refined, might think it as well to notify to his +neighbours, by an unequivocal symbol, that he took no pecuniary benefit +with his wife, and therefore expected to be free from her pecuniary +burdens. In this, as in most other popular errors, there is found a +_substratum_ of reason. + +With regard to the other vulgar error, noticed at the foot of MR. BROOKS' +communication (p. 561.), that "all children under the girdle at the time of +marriage are legitimate," the origin of it is more obvious. Every one knows +of the "legitimatio per subsequens matrimonium" of the canonists, and how +the barons assembled in parliament at Merton refused to engraft this law of +the Church on the jurisprudence of England. But it is not perhaps so well +known that, upon such a marriage the premature offspring of the bride and +bridegroom sometimes used to perform a part in the ceremony, and received +the nuptial benediction under the veil or mantle of the bride or the +pallium of the altar. Hence the children so legitimated are said to have +been called by the Germans _Mantelkinder_. The learning on this head is to +be found in Hommel's _Jurisprudentia Numismatibus Illustrata_ (Lipsiæ, +1763), pp. 214-218., where the reader will also find a pictorial +illustration of the ceremony from a codex of the _Novellæ_ in the library +of Christian Schwarz. The practice seems to have been borrowed from the +form of adopting children, noticed in the same work and in Ducange, verb. +"Pallium, _Pallio cooperire_;" and in Grimm's _Deut. Rechts Alterth._, p. +465. + +Let me add a word on the famous negative given to the demand of the clergy +at Merton. No reason was assigned, or, at least, has been recorded, but a +general unwillingness to change the laws of England. As the same barons did +in fact consent to change them in other particulars, this can hardly have +been the reason. Sir W. Blackstone speaks of the consequent uncertainty of +heirship and discouragement of matrimony as among the causes of +rejection,--arguments of very questionable weight. Others (as Bishop Hurd, +in his _Dialogues_) have attributed the rejection to the constitutional +repugnance of the barons to the general principles of the canon and +imperial law, which the proposed change might have tended to introduce,--a +degree of forethought and a range of political vision for which I can +hardly give them credit, especially as the great legal authority of that +day, Bracton, has borrowed the best part of his celebrated Treatise from +the Corpus Juris. The most plausible motive which I have yet heard assigned +for this famous parliamentary negative on the bishops' bill at Merton, is +suggested (quod minimè reris!) in an Assistant Poor-Law Commissioner's +Report (vol. vi. of the 8vo. printed series), viz. that bastardy multiplied +the escheats which accrued to medieval lords of manors. + +E. SMIRKE. + +A venerable person whose mind is richly stored with "shreds and patches" of +folk-lore and local antiquities, on seeing the "curious marriage entry" (p. +485.), has furnished me with the following explanation. + +It is the popular belief at Kirton in Lindsey that if a woman, who has +contracted debts previous to her marriage, leave her residence in a state +of nudity, and go to that of her future husband, he the husband will not be +liable for any such debts. + +A case of this kind actually occurred in that highly civilised town within +my informant's memory; the woman leaving her house from a bedroom window, +and putting on some clothes as she stood on the top of the ladder by which +she accomplished her descent. + +K. P. D. E. + +In that amusing work, Burn's _History of the Fleet Marriages_, p. 77., +occurs the following entry:--"The woman ran across Ludgate Hill in her +shift;" to which the editor has added this note:--"The _Daily Journal_ of +8th November, 1725, mentions a similar exhibition at Ulcomb in {18} Kent. +It was a vulgar error that a man was not liable to the bride's debts, if he +took her in no other apparel than her shift." + +J. Y. + +Saffron Walden. + + * * * * * + +EDITIONS OF THE PRAYER-BOOK PRIOR TO 1662. + +(Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564.) + +As MR. SPARROW SIMPSON invites additions to his list from all quarters, I +send him my contribution: and as I see that he has included _translations_ +of our Liturgy into other languages, I do the same: + + 1552. Worcester. Jo. Oswen. Folio. + 1560. London. Jugge and Cawood. 4to. + 1565. London. Jugge and Cawood. 8vo. + 1607. London. Folio. + 1629. London. Folio. + 1629. Cambridge. Folio. + 1632. London. 4to. + 1633. London. 4to. + 1634. London. Folio. + 1635. London. 4to. + 1638. Cambridge. 4to. + 1639. London. Folio. + 1641. London. 4to. + 1660. Cambridge. Folio. + 1644. The Scotch, by Laud and the Scotch bishops. Printed by John Jones. + 8vo. + 1551. Latine versa, per Alex. Absium. Lipsiæ. 4to. + 1594. " " London. 8vo. + S. A. " by Reginald Wolfe. London. 4to. + 1638. In Greek. London. 8vo. + 1616. In French. London. 4to. + 1608. In Irish. Dublin. Folio. + 1612. In Spanish. London. 4to. + 1621. In Welsh. London. 4to. + +All the foregoing editions are in the Bodleian Library. I may add to them +the following three: + + 1.--1551. Dublin, by Humfrey Powell. Folio + 2.--1617(?). Dublin. Company of Stationers. 4to + 3.--1637. Dublin. + +The _first_ of these, which is the first book printed in Ireland, is +extremely rare. I believe only two copies are certainly known to exist; one +of which is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin; and the other in +that of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Both are in very fine condition. + +The _second_ is in my possession. The book is quite perfect; but some +wiseacre has carefully erased the date. The _Almanac for xxvi Yeares_ tells +nothing, being for the years 1603 to 1628. But the book contains a prayer +for "Frederick, the Prince Elector Palatine, and the Lady Elizabeth, his +wife, with their hopeful issue." He married the princess in 1613; and in +1619 he was elected King of Bohemia, and thenceforward would be prayed for +under his higher title. If the Sunday letter in the calendar is to be +trusted, the book was printed (according to De Morgan's _Book of Almanacs_) +in 1617. The Dublin Society of Stationers was established in that year; and +it is not unlikely that they commenced their issues with a Prayer-Book. I +have never seen nor heard of another copy, with which I might compare mine, +and thus ascertain its date. + +The _third_, of 1637, is reported; but I have never met with it. + +H. COTTON. + +Thurles. + + * * * * * + +ETYMOLOGY OF PEARL. + +(Vol. vi., p. 578.) + +The inquiry of your correspondent IFIGFOWL respecting the etymology of the +word _pearl_ does not admit of a simple answer. The word occurs in all the +modern languages, both Romance and Teutonic: _perla_, Ital. and Span.; +_perle_, French and German, whence the English _pearl_. Adelung in v. +believes the word to be of Teutonic origin, and considers it as the +diminutive of _beere_, a berry. Others derive it from _perna_, the Latin +name of a shell-fish (see Ducange in _perlæ_; Diez, _Grammatik der +Romanischen Sprachen_, vol. i. p. 235.). Neither of these derivations is +probable: it is not shown that _beere_ had a diminutive form, and _perna_ +was a local and obscure name: see Pliny, _N. H._ xxxii. ad fin. Salmasius +(_Exercit. Plin._, p. 40. ed. 1689) thinks that _perla_ is formed from +_perula_, for _sperula_, the diminutive of _sphæra_. A more probable origin +is that the word is formed from the Latin _pirum_, as suggested by Diez, in +allusion to the pear-shaped form of the pearl. Ducange in v. says that the +extremity of the nose was called _pirula nasi_, from its resemblance to the +form of a pear. But _pirus_ was used to denote a boundary-stone, made in a +pyramidal shape (Ducange in v.); and this seems to have been the origin of +the singular expression _pirula nasi_, as being something at the extremity. +Another supposition is, that the word _perla_ is derived from the Latin +_perula_, the diminutive of _pera_, a wallet. A wallet was a small bag hung +round the neck; and the word _perula_, in the sense of a small bag, occurs +in Seneca and Apuleius. The analogy of shape and mode of wearing is +sufficiently close to suggest the transfer of the name. _Perula_ and +_perulus_ are used in Low Latin in the sense of _pearl_. Ducange cites a +passage from a hagiographer, where _perula_ means the white of the eye, +evidently alluding to the colour of the pearl. + +The choice seems to lie between _perula_ as the diminutive of _pera_ or of +_pirum_. Neither derivation is improbable. It is to be observed that the +modern Italian form of _pirum_, the fruit of the pear, is _pera_; the +modern feminine noun being, as in numerous other cases, formed from the +plural of the Latin neuter noun (see Diez, ib. vol. ii. p. 19.). The +analogy of _unio_ (to which I shall {19} advert presently) supports the +derivation from the fruit; the derivation from _pera_, a wallet, is, on +merely linguistical grounds, preferable. + +The Greek name of _pearl_ is [Greek: margaritês], originally applied to a +precious stone, and apparently moulded out of some oriental name, into a +form suited to the Greek pronunciation. Scott and Liddell in v. derive it +from the Persian _murwari_. Pliny, _H. N._ ix. 56., speaking of the pearl, +says: "Apud Græcos non est, ne apud barbaros quidem inventores ejus, aliud +quam margaritæ." The Greek name _Margarita_ was used by the Romans, but the +proper Latin name for the pearl was _unio_. Pliny (ibid.) explains this +word by saying that each pearl is _unique_, and unlike every other pearl. +Ammianus Marcellinus (lib. xxiii. ad fin.) thinks that pearls were called +_uniones_, because the best were found single in the shell; Solinus (c. +53.) because they were always found single. The more homely explanation of +Salmasius seems, however, to be the true one; namely, that the common word +for an onion, growing in a single bulb, was transferred to the pearl +(_Exercit. Plin._, pp. 822-4.; Columella _de R. R._ xii. 10.). The ancient +meaning of _unio_ is still preserved in the French _ognon_. + +L. + +Your correspondent asks the "etymon of our English word _pearl_." It would +not be uninteresting to learn, at the same time, at what period _pearl_ +came into general use as an English word? Burton, who wrote his _Anatomy_ +in the reign of James I., uses the word _union_ (from the Latin _unio_) +instead of _pearl_ (_Anat. Melanc._, vol. ii. part 2. sec. 3. mem. 3., and +ib., p. 2. sec. 4. mem. 1. subs. 4.). In the latter passage he says "Those +smaller unions which are found in shells, amongst the Persians and Indians, +are very cordial, and most part avail to the exhilaration of the heart." + +The Latin term _unio_ differs from "margarita," in so far as it seems to +have been applied by Pliny to distinguish the small and ill-shaped pearls, +from the large round and perfect, which he calls "margaritæ." And in his +ninth book, c. 59., he defines the difference philologically, as well as +philosophically. Philemon Holland, who published his translation of Pliny +in 1634, about thirteen years after Burton published the first edition of +his _Anatomy_, uses the word _pearl_ indifferently as the equivalent both +of _margarita_ and _unio_. + +Query: Was the word _union_ generally received in England instead of +_pearl_ in Burton's time, and when did it give place to it? + +J. EMERSON TENNANT. + + * * * * * + +"MARTIN DRUNK." + +(Vol. v., p. 587.) + +Has not the following song something to do with the expression "Martin +drunk"? It is certainly cotemporary with Thomas Nash the Elizabethan +satirist, and was long a favourite "three man's" song. It is copied from +_Deuteromelia, or the Second Part of Musick's Melodie_, 4to., 1609: + + "MARTIN SAID TO HIS MAN. + + "Martin said to his man, + Fie! man, fie! + O Martin said to his man, + Who's the foole now? + Martin said to his man, + Fill thou the cup, and I the can; + Thou hast well drunken, man, + Who's the foole now? + + "I see a sheepe shering corne, + Fie! man, fie! + I see a sheepe shering corne, + Who's the foole now? + I see a sheepe shering corne, + And a cuckold blow his horne; + Thou hast well drunken, man, + Who's the foole now? + + "I see a man in the moone, + Fie! man, fie! + I see a man in the moone; + Who's the foole now? + I see a man in the moone, + Clowting of St. Peter's shoone; + Thou hast well drunken, man, + Who's the foole now? + + "I see a hare chase a hound, + Fie! man, fie! + I see a hare chase a hound, + Who's the foole now? + I see a hare chase a hound, + Twenty mile above the ground; + Thou hast well drunken, man, + Who's the foole now? + + "I see a goose ring a hog, + Fie! man, fie! + I see a goose ring a hog, + Who's the foole now? + I see a goose ring a hog, + And a snayle that did bite a dog; + Thou hast well drunken, man, + Who's the foole now? + + "I see a mouse catch the cat, + Fie! man, fie! + I see a mouse catch the cat, + Who's the foole now? + I see a mouse catch the cat, + And the cheese to eate the rat; + Thou hast well drunken, man, + Who's the foole now?" + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +GÖTHE'S REPLY TO NICOLAI. + +(Vol. vi., p. 434.). + +Had M. M. E. gone to the fountain-head, and consulted Göthe's own statement +in his autobiography, he would have seen in the _Werke_, vol. xxvi. {20} p. +229., that Mr. Hayward's note was not written with that writer's usual +care. Göthe does not say that his reply to Nicolai's _Joys of Werter_, +though circulated only in MS., destroyed N.'s literary reputation: on the +contrary, he says that his squib (for it was no more) consisted of an +epigram, not fit for communication, and a dialogue between Charlotte and +Werter, which was never copied, and long lost; but that this dialogue, +exposing N.'s impertinence, was written with a foreboding of his sad habit, +afterwards developed, of treating of subjects out of his depth, which +habit, notwithstanding his indisputable merits of another kind, utterly +destroyed his reputation. This was most true: and yet all such assertions +must be taken in a qualified sense. Nearly thirty years after this was +written I partook of the hospitality of N. at Berlin. It was in 1803, when +he was at the head, not of the Berlin literati, but of the book-manufactory +of Prussia. He was then what, afterwards and elsewhere, the Longmans, +Murrays, Constables, Cottas, and Brockhauses were,--the great publisher of +his age and country. The _entrepreneur_ of the _Neue Deutsche Bibliothek_ +may be compared with the publishers of our and the French great +Cyclopædias, and our Quarterly Reviews. + +It was unfortunate for the posthumous reputation of the great bibliopolist +that he, patronising a school that was dying out, made war on the athletes +of the rising school. He assailed nearly every great man, philosopher or +poet, from Kant and Göthe downwards, especially of the schools of Saxony, +Swabia, and the free imperial cities. No wonder that he became afterwards +what Macfleckno and Colly Cibber had been to Dryden and Pope. In some dozen +of the _Xenien_ of Göthe and Schiller, in 1797, he was treated as the +Arch-Philistine. + +M. M. E. characterises him as the "friend" and "fellow-labourer" of +Lessing. Now Lessing was incomparably the most eminent _littérateur_ of the +earlier part of that age,--the man who was the forerunner of the +philosophers, and whose criticisms supplied the place of poetry. The +satirists of the _Xenien_ affect to compassionate Lessing, in having to +endure a companion so forced on him as Nicolai was, whom they speak of as a +"thorn in the crown of the martyr." The few who care for the literary +controversies of the age of Göthe in Germany will be greatly assisted by an +edition of the _Xenien_, with notes, published at Dantzig, 1833. + +H. C. R. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Processes upon Paper._--The favourable manner in which the account I have +given of the Collodion process has been received, not only by your readers +in general, as has been evinced by many private letters, but also by the +numerous correspondents it has drawn forth, induces me, after some little +delay, to request space for a description of the following processes upon +paper. In giving these I wish it to be understood that I may offer but +little that is original, my object being to describe, as plainly as I +possibly can, these easy methods, and to make no observation but what I +have found to be successful in my own hands. I have had the good fortune to +obtain the friendship of some of the most successful photographers of the +day; and taking three very eminent ones, I find they have each some +peculiarities in his mode of manipulation, varying with each other in the +strength of the solutions employed, and producing results the most +agreeable to their respective tastes. Reviewing these different processes +in my own mind, and trying with patience the various results, I conclude +that the following quantities are calculated to produce an adequate degree +of sensibility in the paper, and yet to allow it to be prepared for the +action of light for many hours previous to its use, and yet with more +certainty than any other I am acquainted with. I think I may always depend +upon it for twenty-four to thirty-six hours after excitement, and I have +seen good pictures produced upon the third day. I believe it is a rule +which admits of no contradiction, that the more you dilute your solution, +the longer the excited paper will keep; but in proportion to its diminished +sensibility, the time of exposure must be prolonged, and therefore I am, +from this waste of time and other reasons, disposed to place much less +value upon the wax-paper process than many do. + +The process I am about to describe is so simple, and I hope to make it so +intelligible to your non-photographic readers, that a perfect novice, using +ordinary care, must meet with success; but should I fail doing so upon all +points, any information sought through the medium of "N. & Q." shall meet +with explanation from myself, if not from other of your experienced +correspondents, whose indulgence I must beg should the communication be +deemed too elementary, it being my earnest desire to point out to +archæologists who are desirous of acquiring this knowledge, how easily they +themselves may practise this beautiful art, and possess those objects they +would desire to preserve, in a far more truthful state than could be +otherwise accomplished. + +I have not myself met that uniform success with any other paper that I have +with Turner's photographic of Chafford Mills: a sheet of this divided into +two portions forms at the same time a useful and also a very easily-managed +size, one adapted for most cameras, forming a picture of nine inches by +seven, which is adequate for nearly every purpose. Each sheet being marked +in its opposite corners with a plain pencil-mark on its smooth side (vide +_antè_, p. 372.), the surface for {21} all future operations is in all +lights easily discerned. In my instructions for printing from collodion +negatives, a form of iodized paper was given, which, although very good, is +not, I think, equal to the following, which is more easily and quickly +prepared, exhibits a saving of the iodide of potassium, and is upon the +whole a neater mode. + +Take sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of iodide of +potassium; dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled water; mix +together and stir with a glass rod. The precipitate settling, the fluid is +to be poured away; then add distilled water to the precipitate up to four +ounces, and add to it 650 grains of iodide of potassium, which _should_ +re-dissolve the precipitated iodide of silver, and form a perfectly clear +solution; but if not, a little more must be carefully added, for this salt +varies much, and I have found it to require 720 grains to accomplish the +desired object. + +The fluid being put into a porcelain or glass dish, the paper should be +laid down upon its surface and immediately removed, and being laid upon a +piece of blotting-paper with the wet surface uppermost, a glass rod then +passed over it to and fro ensures the _total expulsion_ of all particles of +air, which will frequently remain when the mere dipping is resorted to. +When dry, this paper should be soaked in common water for three hours, +changing the water twice or thrice, so as to remove all the soluble salts. +It should then be pinned up to dry, and, when so, kept in a folio for use. +I have in this manner prepared from sixty to eighty sheets in an evening +with the greatest ease. It keeps good for an indefinite time, and, as all +experienced photographers are aware, unless you possess good iodized paper, +which should be of a _primrose_ colour, you cannot meet with success in +your after-operations. Iodized paper becomes sometimes of a bright +brimstone colour when first made; it is then very apt to brown in its use, +but tones down and improves by a little keeping. + +To excite this paper, dissolve thirty grains of nitrate of silver in one +ounce of distilled water, and add a drachm and a half of glacial acetic +acid; of this solution take one drachm, and one drachm of saturated +solution of gallic acid[3], and add to it two ounces and a half of +distilled water. The iodized surface of the paper may then be either +floated on the surface of the aceto-nitrate of silver or exciting fluid, +and afterwards a rod passed over, as was formerly done in the iodizing, or +the aceto-nitrate may be applied evenly with a brush; but in either +instance the surface should be immediately blotted off; and the same +blotting-paper never used a second time for this, although it may be kept +to develop on and for other purposes. It will be scarcely needful to +observe that this process of exciting must be performed by the light of a +candle or feeble yellow light, as must the subsequent development. The +excited paper may be now placed for use between sheets of blotting-paper; +it seems to act equally well either when damp or when kept for many hours, +and I have found it good for more than a week. + +The time for exposure must entirely depend upon the degree of light. In two +minutes and a half a good picture may be produced; but if left exposed for +twenty minutes or more, little harm will arise; the paper does not +solarize, but upon the degree of image visible upon the paper depends the +means of developing. When long exposed, a saturated solution of gallic acid +only applied to the exposed surfaces will be sufficient; but if there is +little appearance of an image, then a free undiluted solution of +aceto-nitrate may be used, in conjunction with the gallic acid, the former +never being in proportion more than one-third. If that quantity is +exceeded, either a brownish or an unpleasant reddish tint is often +obtained. These negatives should be fixed by immersing them in a solution +of hyposulphite of soda, which may be of the strength of one ounce of salt +to eight ounces of water--the sufficiency of immersion being known by the +disappearance of the yellow colour, and when they have been once immersed +they may be taken to the daylight to ascertain this. The hyposulphite must +now be perfectly removed by soaking in water, which may extend to several +hours; but this may be always ascertained by the tongue, for, if tasteless, +it has been accomplished. If it is deemed advisable--which I think is only +required in very dark over-done pictures--to wax the negative, it is easily +managed by holding a piece of white wax or candle in front of a clean iron +rather hot, and passing it frequently over the surface. The superabundant +wax being again removed by passing it between some clean pieces of +blotting-paper. Although the minuter details can never be acquired by this +mode which are obtained by the collodion process, it has the advantage of +extreme simplicity, and by the operator providing himself with a bag or +square of yellow calico, which he can loosely peg down to the ground when +no other shade is near, to contain spare prepared papers, he can at any +future time obtain a sufficient number of views, which afterwards he can +develop at his leisure. + +It requires no liquids to be carried about with you, nor is that nice +manipulation required which attends the collodion process. + +The wax-paper process has been extolled by many, and very successful +results have been obtained: the paper has the undoubted advantage of +keeping after being excited much longer than any other; but, from my own +experience, just so much the weaker it is made, and so as to safely rely +upon its long remaining useful, so it is proportionally slower in its +action. And I have rarely seen from {22} wax negatives positives so +satisfactory in depth of tone, as from those which have been waxed after +being taken on ordinary paper. It is all very well for gentlemen to +advocate a sort of photographic tour, upon which you are to go on taking +views day after day, and when you return home at leisure to develop your +past proceedings: I never yet knew one so lukewarm in this pursuit as not +to desire to know, at his _earliest possible_ opportunity, the result of +his labours; indeed, were not this the case, I fear disappointment would +more often result than at present, for I scarcely think any one can exactly +decide upon the power of the light of any given day, without having made +some little trial to guide him. I have myself, especially with collodion, +found the action very rapid upon some _apparently_ dull day; whilst, from +an unexplained cause, a comparatively brighter day has been less active in +its photographic results. As in the previous process, I would strongly +advise Turner's paper to be used, and not the thin French papers generally +adopted, because I find all the high lights so much better preserved in the +English paper. It may be purchased ready waxed nearly as cheap as it may be +done by one's self; but as many operators like to possess that which is +entirely their own production, the following mode will be found a ready way +of waxing:--Procure a piece of thick smooth slate, a trifle larger than the +paper to be used; waste pieces of this description are always occurring at +the slate works, and are of a trifling value. This should be made very hot +by laying it close before a fire; then, covered with one layer of thick +blotting-paper, it will form a most admirable surface upon which to use the +iron. Taking a piece of wax in the left hand, an iron well heated being +pressed against it, it may rapidly be made to flow over the whole surface +with much evenness, the surplus wax being afterwards removed by ironing +between blotting-paper. When good, it should be colourless, free from +gloss, and having the beautiful semi-transparent appearance of the Chinese +rice-paper. To iodize the paper completely, immerse it in the following +solution: + + Iodide of potash 200 grains. + Mannite 6 drachms. + Cyanide of potash 5 grains. + Distilled water 20 ounces. + +Allow it to remain three hours, taking care that air-particles are +perfectly excluded, and once during the time turning over each sheet of +paper, as many being inserted as the fluid will conveniently cover, as it +is not injured by after keeping. It should be then removed from the iodide +bath, pinned up, and dried, ready for use. When required to be excited, the +paper should, by the light of a candle, be immersed in the following +solution, where it should remain for five minutes: + + Nitrate of silver 4 drachms. + Glacial acetic acid 4 drachms. + Distilled water 8 ounces. + +Being removed from the aceto-nitrate bath, immerse it into a pan of +distilled water, where let it remain about a quarter of an hour. In order +to make this paper keep a week or two, it must be immersed in a second +water, which in point of fact is a mere reduction of the strength of the +solutions already used; but for ordinary purposes, and when the paper is to +be used within three or four days, one immersion is quite sufficient, +especially as it does not reduce its sensitiveness in a needless way. It +may now be preserved between blotting-paper, free from light, for future +use. The time of exposure requisite for this paper will exceed that of the +ordinary unwaxed, given in the previous directions. The picture may be +developed by a complete immersion also in a saturated solution of gallic +acid; but should it not have been exposed a sufficient time in the camera, +a few drops of the aceto-nitrate solution added to the gallic acid greatly +accelerates it. An excess of aceto-nitrate often produces an unpleasant red +tint, which is to be avoided. Instead of complete immersion, the paper may +be laid upon some waste blotting-paper, and the surface only wetted by +means of the glass rod or brush. The picture may now be fixed by the use of +the hyposulphite of soda, as in the preceding process. + +It is not actually necessary that this should be a wax-paper process, +because ordinary paper treated in this way acts very beautifully, although +it does not allow of so long keeping for use after excitement; yet it has +then the advantage, that a negative may either be waxed or not, as shall be +deemed advisable by its apparent depth of action. + +HUGH W. DIAMOND. + +[Footnote 3: the gallic acid was omitted in Issue 166, but inserted by an +erratum in Issue 168. Also "a saturated solution of gallic acid" was +printed as "a solvent solution ...", "hyposulphate" appeared for +"hyposulphite" throughout, and "solari_s_e" for "solari_z_e"--Transcriber.] + +_Exhibition of recent Specimens of Photography at the Society of +Arts._--This exhibition, to which all interested in the art have been +invited to contribute, was inaugurated by a conversazione at the Society's +rooms, on the evening of Wednesday, the 22nd of December: the public have +since been admitted at a charge of sixpence each, and it will continue open +until the 8th of January. + +We strongly recommend all our friends to pay a visit to this most +delightful collection. By our visit at the crowded conversazione, and +another hasty view since, we do not feel justified to enter into a review +and criticism of the specimens so fully as the subject requires; but in the +mean time we can assure our archæological readers that they will find there +such interesting records of architectural detail, together with views of +antiquities from Egypt and Nubia, as will perfectly convince them of the +value of this art with reference to their own immediate pursuits. Those who +feel less delight in mere antiquity will be gratified {23} to see, for the +first time, that there are here shown photographs which aim at more than +the bare copying of any particular spot; for many of the pictures here +exhibited may rank as fine works of art. We feel much delicacy and +hesitation in mentioning any particular artist, where so many are entitled +to praise, especially in some particular departments. We could point out +pictures having all the minute truthfulness of nature, combined with the +beautiful effects of some of the greatest painters. We must, however, +direct especial attention to the landscapes of Mr. Turner, the views in the +Pyrenees by Mr. Stewart, and one splendid one of the same locality by Le +Gray. Mr. Buckle's views in paper also exhibit a sharpness and detail +almost equal to collodion; as do the various productions of Mr. Fenton in +wax paper. The effects obtained also by Mr. Owen of Bristol appear to be +very satisfactory: why they are, with so much excellence, called +_experimental_, we cannot tell. In collodion Mr. Berger has exhibited some +effective portraits; and we think the success of Mr. De la Motte has been +so great, that in some of his productions little remains to be desired. We +cannot conclude this brief notice without directing attention to the +minuteness and pleasing effect of the views in Rome by M. Eugène Constant, +which are also from collodion; as also the specimens from albumen negatives +of M. Ferrier; and, lastly, to the pleasant fact that lady amateurs are now +practising this art,--very nice specimens being here exhibited by the +Ladies Nevill, whose example we shall hope to see followed. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Quotation in Locke_ (Vol. vi., p. 386.).--The words "Si non vis intelligi +non debes legi" were, I believe, the exclamation of St. Jerome, as he threw +his copy of Persius into the fire in a fit of testiness at being unable to +construe some tough lines of that tough author. I set down this reply from +memory, and am unable to give the authority for it. + +W. FRASER. + +_Pic-nic_ (Vol. vi., pp. 152. 518.).--The Query of A. F. S. (p. 152.) as to +the etymology of _pic-nic_ still remains unanswered. The Note of W. W. (p. +518.) merely refers to the time (1802) when pic-nic suppers first became +fashionable in England. Under a French form, the word appears in a speech +of Robespierre's, quoted in the _British and Foreign Review_ for July, +1844, p. 620.: "C'est ici qu'il doit m'accuser, et non dans les +_piques-niques_, dans les sociétés particulières." An earlier instance +occurs in one of Lord Chesterfield's letters (No. 167.), dated October +1748. + +JAYDEE. + +_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 488. 558.).--Nuneham Regis +was granted to John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, in the seventh year of +King Edward VI.; but as it was forfeited on his attainder, in the first +year of Queen Mary, and immediately granted by her to Sir Rowland Hill, +knight, and citizen of London, from whom Sir Thomas Leigh, knight, and +alderman of London, almost immediately acquired it; and as he exercised the +right of presentation to the vicarage in the first year of the reign of +Queen Elizabeth, there is no probability of the body of John, Duke of +Northumberland, being removed from the Tower of London to Newnham. + +The letters T. B. on the clothes on the body at Nuneham are distinctly +worked in Roman capitals, like those on a common sampler. I have seen them. + +J. S.S. + +_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 543.).-- + + "Sit mihi nec glis servus nec hospes hirudo." + + "From servant lazy as dormouse, + Or leeching guest, God keep my house." + +MR. WOODWARD tells us that he quotes this inscription "from memory:" it is +so very pertinent that it seems a pity even to hint a correction, but, as I +read it, it seemed partly familiar to me, and I find something so like the +latter part of it in two ancient authors, that I am tempted to inquire +whether he may not have omitted _one letter_, which alters the sense as +given above, and yet gives a sense as good. + +Among the Symbols of Pythagoras, I read the following: + + "[Greek: Omôrophious chelidônas mê echein]." + + "Domesticas hiru_n_dines ne habeto." + +To the same effect (but, strange to say, without any reference to +Pythagoras' dictum), we find it in the _proverbia_ of Polydore Virgil (A.D. +1498): + + "Hiru_n_do suscipienda non est." + +and the exposition is the same in both: + + "Hirundo garrula semper, _i.e._ garruli et tumigeri homines recipiendi + non sunt." + +I find no original for the former part of the inscription. Probably MR. +WOODWARD will agree with me, that it is difficult to decide whether a +greedy or a gossipping guest would be the worst household infliction; but +as a careful householder might well deprecate either, as matter of +curiosity perhaps he would refer to the original inscription again, and +decide whether he has or has not omitted an "n." + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + +Stratford Parsonage, Wilts: + + "Parva sed apta Domino. + 1675." + +Montacute House, Somerset: + + "Through this wide opening gate + None come too soon, none go too late. + And yours." + +{24} + +Sudbury House, Derbyshire: + + "Omne Bonum Dei Donum." + +At Verona: + + "Patet Janua, Cor magis." + +The next I have seen somewhere: + + "Detur digniori." + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Clyst St. George. + +_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 513.).--The _pile_ is invariably on +the obverse or _head_ side of a coin; and _pile_ or _poll_ both mean the +head, from whence the "poll tax" and "poll groat"--a tax paid by the head, +or a personal tax, of which we have an historical example of its collector +in the case of Wat Tyler. + +Ruding, in _Annals of the Coinage_, vol. ii. p. 119., 8vo., edit. 1819, +states that Ed. I. A.D. 1304, in the delivering out the stamps for the +coinage, orders that three _piles_ and six _crosses_ shall be given. It is +well known to all numismatists that all, or most early coins, both Saxon +and English, had a head on the obverse and a cross on the reverse--the +latter being placed on the coins as symbolical of Christianity. + +_Pile_ also means the hair, or any filament: as the "pile of velvet, the +nap of woollen cloth," &c. And Jamieson, in his _Scotch Dictionary_, says: + + "PILE. The soft hair which first appears on the chins of young men." + +Coles, Ashe, Webster, and others give the same meaning. + +The superstitious effect of the cross as a charm or amulet is well known; +from whence the saying: + + "I have never a cross in my purse to keep the Devil away." + +Again: + + "Priests were coin-proof against the Devil, they never being without + money; of course, always had a cross in their pocket."--Gilpin's + _Beehive of the Romish Church_, 1636, p. 251. + +And Nash, in the Supplication of Pierce Penniless to the Devil, makes +Pierce to say: + + "Whereas your impious excellence hath had the poore tenement of my + purse anytime this half year for your dancing schole, and he, + notwithstanding, hath received no penye nor crosse for farme," &c. + +And the poet Skelton says: + + ". . . . . . . . and in his pouche, + The Devil might dance therein for any crouche." + P. 71. + +Trusting the above will be satisfactory to D. W. S., I beg to conclude, +thinking, you will say I have already made "much ado about nothing." + +GODDARD JOHNSON. + +_Rhymes upon Places_ (Vol. vi. p. 281.).--Perhaps you will think the +following rhymes upon places worth insertion: + + "I stood upon Eyemouth Fort, + And guess ye what I saw? + Fairmiside and Furmintong, + Neuhouses and Cocklaw, + The fairy fouk o' Fosterland, + The witches o' Edincran, + The bly-rigs o' Reston; + But Dunse dings a'." + +Near the seaside village of Eyemouth, in Berwickshire, is a promontory +marked with a succession of grassy mounds, the remains of a fort built +there in the regency of Mary of Lorraine. A number of places are +represented as visible from the fort: but here fact is not strictly adhered +to. + +Fosterland once existed in the parish of Bunkle as a small village; but +even its vestiges are not now visible on the brown moor where it once +stood. Edincran, properly Auchinchran, is an estate in the vicinity of +Fosterland, as is Reston also. There is a variation as follows: + + "The fairy fouk o' Fosterland, + The witches o' Edincran, + And the rye-kail o' Reston + Gar'd a' the dogs die." + +The rye-kail alluded to must have been a broth chiefly made from rye, which +grain, it is well known, is sometimes so much tainted as to be poisonous. + +C. BENSON. + +Birmingham. + +[Greek: Arnion] (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--Probably your correspondent is aware +of the explanation given by Dr. Wordsworth in his book on the Apocalypse, +but does not think it satisfactory. Still, as he does not allude to it, I +venture to transcribe it: + + "The Apocalypse abounds in contrasts. For example, the LAMB, who is + always called [Greek: Amnos], never [Greek: Arnion], in St. John's + _Gospel_, is called [Greek: Arnion], never [Greek: Amnos], in St. + John's _Apocalypse_, in which [Greek: Arnion] occurs twenty-nine times. + And why does [Greek: ho Amnos] here become [Greek: to Arnion]? To + _contrast_ Him more strongly with [Greek: to Thêrion], that is, to mark + the _opposition_ between the LAMB and the Beast." + +To this a note is appended: + + "This contrast is even more striking in the original, where it is aided + by an exact correspondence of syllables and accents. On one side are-- + + '[Greek: Hê pornê kai to Thêrion]:' + + On the other-- + + '[Greek: Hê Numphê kai to Arnion].' + + See Rev. xxi. 2. 9., xxii. 17."--_Is the Church of Rome Babylon?_ p. + 58.: London, 1851. + +A. A. D. + +[Greek: Arnion] and [Greek: amnos] both denote a lamb. In John i. 29. 36., +the latter is applied to Jesus by John the {25} Baptist. In Acts viii. 32., +and 1 Pet. i. 19., the term is manifestly derived from Isa. liii. 7., the +Septuagint translation. But, in the Revelation, the word selected by the +apostle is simply to be viewed as characteristic of his style. Taken in +connexion with John i. 29. 36., the difference presents one of those points +which so strikingly attest the authenticity of the Scripture. If the writer +had drawn upon his imagination, in all likelihood he would have used the +word [Greek: arnion] in the Gospel; but he employed another, because the +Baptist actually made use of a different one, _i. e._ one different from +that which he was in the habit of employing. + +B. H. COWPER. + +_Who was the greatest General_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--In reply to the +following Query, "Who was the greatest general, and why and wherefore did +the Duke of Wellington give the palm to Hannibal?" I think the following +note appended to the eloquent sermon of Dr. Croly, preached on the death of +the Duke, Sept. 19th, not only shows the humility of the Duke in giving +preference to Hannibal over himself, but it contains so just a comparison +between the two generals, that it deserves recording in the valuable and +useful pages of the "N. & Q." as well as being a perfect and true answer to +C. T.: + + "It has been usual," the note says, "to compare Wellington with + Hannibal. But those who make the comparison seem to forget the facts:-- + + "Hannibal, descending from the Alps with a disciplined force of 26,000 + men, met the brave Roman Militia, commanded by brave blockheads, and + beat them accordingly. But, as soon as he was met by a man of common + sense, Fabius, he could do nothing with him; when he met a manoeuvring + officer, the Consul Nero, he was outmanoeuvred, and lost his brother + Asdrubal's army, which was equivalent to his losing Italy; and when he + met an active officer, Scipio, he was beaten on his own ground. + Finally, forced to take refuge with a foreign power, he was there a + prisoner, and there he died." + + "His administrative qualities seem to have been of the humblest, or of + the most indolent, order. For fourteen years he was in possession of, + or in influence with, all the powers of southern Italy, then the + richest portion of the peninsula. Yet this possession was wrested from + him without an effort; and where he might have been a monarch, he was + only a pensioner. His _punic_ faith, his flight, his refuge, and his + death in captivity, might find a more complete resemblance in the + history of Napoleon." + +The following, concluding sentence of Dr. Croly's note conveys a truer and +far more just comparison with another great general: + + "The life of the first Cæsar forms a much fairer comparison with that + of Wellington. Both nobly born; both forcing their way up through the + gradations of service, outstripping all their age; forming their + characters by warfare in foreign countries; always commanding small + armies, yet always invincible (Cæsar won the World at Pharsalia with + only 25,000 men): both alike courageous and clement, unfailing in + resources, and indefatigable in their objects; receiving the highest + rewards, and arising to the highest rank of their times; never beaten: + both of first-rate ability in council. The difference being in their + objects; one to serve himself, the other to serve his country; one + impelled by ambition, the other by duty; one destroying the + constitution of his country, the other sustaining it. Wellington, too, + has given the soldier and statesman his 'Commentaries,' one of the + noblest transcripts of a great administrative mind." + +J. M. G. + +Worcester. + +_Beech-trees struck by Lightning_ (Vol. vi., p. 129.).--On Thinnigrove +Common, near Nettlebed, Oxon, a beech-tree, one of three or four growing +round a pit, was shattered by lightning about thirteen or fourteen years +ago. A gentleman who has lived sixty years in the neighbourhood of the +beech woods near Henly, tells me that he remembers three or four similar +cases. Single beech-trees, which are very ornamental, generally grow very +low and wide-spreading, which may be the reason why they often escape. On +the other hand, in the woods where they run up close and very high, they +present so many points of attraction to the electric fluid, that probably +for that cause it is not often the case that one tree in particular is +struck. + +CORYLUS. + +Portsmouth. + +_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.).--It appears to me that Tennyson +has fallen into the error of a Latin construction. I call it an error, +because in that language the varied terminations of the cases and numbers +make that plain which we have no means of evidencing in English. I should +translate it "Numenii strepitus volantis"--"The call of the curlew dreary +(drearily) gleams about the moorland, _as he flies_ o'er Locksley Hall." +The summer note of the curlew is a shrill clear whistle, but in winter they +sometimes indulge in a wild melancholy scream. + +CORYLUS. + +Portsmouth. + +_Inscriptions in Churches_ (Vol. vi., p. 510.).--I differ from your reply +to NORWOOD'S Query, in which you refer to the colloquy between Queen +Elizabeth and Dean Nowell as the origin of these inscriptions. No doubt +they were derived from the custom of our ante-Reformation ancestors, of +painting figures and legends of saints upon the walls of churches; but the +following instance will suffice to prove that they originated in the reign +of Edward VI., and not in Queen Elizabeth's. + +In the interesting paper by the Rev. E. Venables in the _Transactions of +the Cambridge Camden Society_, on "The Church of St. Mary the Great, +Cambridge," he gives, under the year {26} 1550, the following extracts from +the churchwardens' accounts: + + "For makyng of the wall where Saynt + George stood in the chyrche vj^d + It. payd for wythynge y^e chyrch xx^s iiij^d + It. payd for _wryghtynge of y^e chyrch + walls with Scriptures_ iiij^{lib} iij^s iiij^d." + +Shortly after the accession of Queen Mary in 1553, the following entry +occurs: + + "Payd to Barnes for mendyng over the rode + and over the altar in the chapell, and _for + washing oute the Scriptures_ 4^s 4^d." + +They do not appear to have been restored after this, for in the year 1840 +some of the plaister between two of the windows of the south aisle peeling +off, discovered traces of "wryghtynge" beneath; and I and another member of +the Cambridge Camden Society spent some time in laying it bare, and after +much difficulty made out that it was the Lord's Prayer in English, headed, +"The Lord's Prayer, called the Paternoster," and written in the church text +of the period, the whole enclosed in a sort of arabesque border; it was not +merely whited over, but had evidently been partially effaced, or partly +"washed oute," before being "concealed under its dreary shroud of +whitewash." On examination there were traces of more of this writing +between the other windows, but we had not time to make any further +investigation, for the church was then being cleaned, and in a few days all +that we had laid bare was again concealed under a veil of whitewash. + +Thus, I think, we may assign to the reign of Edward VI., not merely the +obliteration of the numerous frescoes of St. Christopher, the great dome, +&c., which are now so constantly coming to light, but also the origin of +"wryghtynge of y^e chyrch walls with scriptures" in their stead, some ten +or twelve years _earlier_ than the remarkable colloquy between Queen +Elizabeth and the worthy Dean of St. Paul's. + +NORRIS DECK. + +Cambridge. + +_Dutensiana_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--Lowndes gives a list of Dutens' works, +which does not include "Correspondence interceptée," of which he _was_ the +author; and I have seen a presentation copy of it proving this. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Early Phonography_ (Vol. vi., p. 424.).--"Have the modern phonographists +ever owned their debt of gratitude to their predecessors in the phonetic +art?" + +The subjoined advertisement may perhaps be considered an answer to this +Query: + + "Hart's Orthography, 1569; or, 'An Orthographie conteyning the due + order and reason, howe to write or paint thimage of manne's voice, most + like to the life or nature. Composed by J. H. [John Hart], Chester + Heralt;' reprinted from a copy in the British Museum. Cloth, 2s. + + "An unanswerable defence of Phonetic Spelling, and one of the earliest + schemes of Phonetic Orthography. A considerable portion of the book + being printed in the author's Phonetic Alphabet (given in the present + edition in Phonetic Longhand), we have thus exhibited the pronunciation + of the age of Shakspeare." + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Kentish Local Names; Dray_ (Vol. vi., p. 410.).--In the low embanked land +in the west of Somersetshire, between Bristol and Taunton, the word _drove_ +is used in the same acceptation; and _driftway_, I think, is also a term +for ancient British roads in some parts of the kingdom. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Monument at Modstena_ (Vol. vi., p. 388.).--This monument was first +published in _Archæologia Æliana_. I believe it is an incised slab; but I +have written to a friend in the north to inquire whether I am correct. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--MR. PARSONS, it appears, limits his +inquiries to English book-plates, about which I cannot offer any +information. It is certain, however, that book-plates were used on the +Continent at a very early period. I remember to have seen one, from a +wood-block, which was cut by Albert Dürer for his friend Pirkheimer. As it +is sixteen years since I saw it at the Imperial Library at Vienna, I cannot +be expected to give a precise description; but (as far as I recollect) the +wording of it was as follows: "Bilibaldi Pirckheimeri et Amicorum." + +A copy which I possess of Vesalius's great anatomical work (Basil, 1555) +has the book-plate of a former Duke of Mecklenburg pasted inside the cover. +It is a woodcut, ten inches by six and a half, representing the ducal arms, +surrounded by an ornamented border. Beneath are the date and inscription: + + 15 E 75 + H. G. V. V. G. + VLRICH H. Z. ME- + CKELNBVRG. + +I do not know what the first six letters stand for, nor is it worth +inquiring. The latter part of the inscription--"Ulrich Herzog zu +Mecklenburg"--identifies the former possessor of the volume. + +JAYDEE. + +"_World without end_" (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--Besides the places named by F. +A., this phrase occurs in the authorised version of the Bible, in Is. xlv. +17., Ep. iii. 21. There is no doubt it is idiomatic, and is even now +occasionally used in conversation. Our translators render at least three +Hebrew words "world," and as many Greek ones. One of the latter, and two of +the former, properly refer to _time_, like the Latin _ævum sæculum_; and +this also {27} appears to have been the original meaning of "world," as it +is one which it certainly has frequently in the Scriptures. "World without +end" is the idiomatic rendering, equivalent to "in sæcula sæculorum," which +is a literal following of an idiom common in both the Hebrew and Greek +Scriptures, and to be found in the Chaldee of the Book of Daniel. "World +without end" does not occur, so far as I am aware, in the modern European +languages, which generally either follow the Latin "in sæcula sæculorum;" +or the German, and say, "eternally to eternity." + +B. H. COWPER. + +_Gloucester Ballads_ (Vol. iv., p. 311.).--Since I inserted these ballads, +I have been informed, that the one entitled a "Gloucester Ditty" was from +the pen of Charles Dibdin, who, paying a visit to the "fair city," was +pressed by some friends to leave them a memento of such. Of my own +knowledge, I cannot vouch for the truth of this story; my informant's +veracity is, however, unquestionable. I have recently obtained another +copy; like the former, it is without a date, but bears the well-known +imprint, "Raikes, Southgate Street." + +The "Old Harry" is intended for one "Harry Hudman, King of the Island," a +low district in Gloucester, a mock officer chosen by the lower orders. +Harry kept the throne many years, but was at length outvoted; but resolving +to retain by stratagem what he could not by free choice, invited his +competitor to a glass; and while the latter was taking his draught, Harry +jumped into his seat, was chaired through the island, and was thus king +another year. There was a ballad relating to this worthy, commencing-- + + "There was a man of renown, + In Gloucester's fam'd town." + +Another verse informs us that-- + + "Old coffins ne'er new, + And old pulpits too, + Can be bought at his shop in the island." + +The "Taylor's Tale" alluded to is a ballad, written by person of that name, +on the manners and customs of the island. I have not been able to obtain +copies of either of these just noticed ballads; and should any +correspondent of "N. & Q." possess such, they would oblige me by their +insertion. + +H. G. D. + +_Satirical Prints; Pope_ (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--I have never seen this print +that your correspondent refers to. It will no doubt be found, however, to +be a plate illustrating a _scene_ in the following tract: "_A Letter from +Mr. Cibber to Mr. Pope, &c._: London, printed and sold by W. Lewis in +Russell Street, Covent Garden, 1742," see pp. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49., where is +given rather a warm description of the whole scene. Should this tract not +be had by GRIFFIN, he may turn to D'Israeli's _Quarrels of Authors_, +article "Pope and Cibber," note p. 193., col. 2., edit. 8vo., Moxon, 1840; +where D'Israeli adds: + + "This story, by our comic writer, was accompanied by a print, that was + seen by more persons, probably, than read the _Dunciad_." + +S. WMSON. + +_Raising the Wind_ (Vol. vi., p. 486.).--We say "the wind rises," and this +is common in Virgil (see _Æneid._ iii. 130. 481.; v. 777.: _Georgics_, i. +356.; ii. 333.; and iii. 134.). The transition from rising to raising is +easy; and as there is no sailing without a breeze, so there is no getting +along without money: in both cases, the _wind_ is essential to progress. As +to the mode of obtaining the "needful," I know not much, but probably +whistling will be found as effectual in one case as in the other. + +B. H. COWPER. + +_Milton in Prose_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.).--I know of one performance in the +French language, which answers the description of _Milton in Prose_: it is +a rhapsody entitled _Le Paradis Terrestre, Poëme imité de Milton_, by +Madame Dubocage: London, 1748. The French themselves had so poor an opinion +of it, that one of their wits, the Abbé Yart, has ridiculed it in the +following epigram: + + "Sur cet écrit, charmante Dubocage, + Veux-tu savoir quel est mon sentiment? + Je compte pour _perdus_, en lisant ton ouvrage, + Le Paradis, mon temps, ta peine, et mon argent." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_The Arundelian Marbles_ (Vol. iv., p. 361.).--MR. W. SIDNEY GIBSON, in his +account of this celebrated collection, quotes portions of an interesting +letter, from James Theobald to Lord Willoughby de Parham, but he does not +say from whence he obtained it. I have now before me two copies, one in +_Historical Anecdotes of the Howard Family_, a new edition, 1817, p. 101.; +the other in a work entitled _Oxoniana_ (published by Richard Phillips, 4 +vols. 12mo., no date), vol. iii. p. 42. Now both these copies differ from +MR. GIBSON'S, and all three are at variance respecting some of those minor +details which are of so much importance in inquiries of this description. +Where is a _genuine_ copy of Mr. Theobald's letter to be found? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Pambotanologia_ (Vol. vi., p. 462.).--INIVRI will find a full account of +this work in Pulteney's _Historical and Biographical Sketches of the +Progress of Botany in England_, vol. i. p. 181. + +GEORGE MUNFORD. + +East Winch. + +_Can a Man baptize himself?_ (Vol. vi., pp. 36. 110.).--This question has +not yet received any {28} correct answer. The following quotation from the +_Summa_ of St. Thomas Aquinas will resolve it as far as your querist W. is +concerned: + + "Similiter autem Forma mutaretur, si diceretur 'Ego baptizo me;' et + ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum propter quod et CHRISTUS a Joanne + voluit baptizari."--_Summa_, 3^{tia} Pars, Quæstio lxvi. Art. v. Arg. + 4. + +The REV. A. GATTY, while right in the negative answer which he gives to the +question of W., is quite wrong in the reasons on which he founds it. +"Christian fellowship" is _not_ of necessity a requisite for administering +the sacrament of holy baptism. I quote again from the _Summa_ of St. +Thomas: + + "Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod Baptismum a schismaticis recipere non + licet, nisi in articulo necessitatis: quia melius est de hâc vitâ cum + signo CHRISTI exire, a quocumque detur, etiam si sit Judæus vel + Paganus, quam sine hoc signo, quod per Baptismum confertur."--_Summa_, + 2^{nda} Pars, Quæstio xxxix. Art. iv. Arg. 1. + +As our own Church apparently only recognises sacerdotal baptism in her +formularies, in answering such a question as that of W. we must have +recourse to the schoolmen and casuists of earlier times. + +W. FRASER. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +SHARP'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols. 1819. Piccadilly. + +INCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman. + +MEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI. + +DONNE. [Greek: Biathanatos]. 4to. First Edition, 1644. + +------ ------ ------ Second Edition, 1648. + +---- PSEUDO-MARTYR. 4to. + +---- PARADOXES, PROBLEMS, AND ESSAYS, &c. 12mo. 1653. + +---- ESSAYS IN DIVINITY. 12mo. 1651. + +---- SERMONS ON ISAIAH l. 1. + +POPE'S WORKS, by WARTON. Vol. IX. 1797. in boards. + +PERCY SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS. No. 94. Three copies. + +MEMOIRS OF THE DUCHESS OF ABRANTES. (Translation.) 8 vols. 8vo. Bentley. + +SMITH'S COLLECTANEA ANTIQUA. 2 vols. 8vo.; or Vol. I. + +BREWSTER'S MEMOIR OF REV. HUGH MOISES, M.A., Master of Newcastle Grammar +School. + +RELIGIO MILITIS; or Christianity for the Camp. Longmans, 1826. + +MILTON'S WORKS. The First Edition. + +DR. COTTON MATHER'S MEMORABLE PROVIDENCES ON WITCHCRAFT AND POSSESSIONS. +Preface by Baxter. Date about 1691. + +GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE. Vols. I. and II. of the twelve volume 8vo. edition. + +MÜLLER'S NOTES ON THE EUMINIDES OF ÆSCHYLUS. + +CAMPBELL'S GAELIC POEMS. + +COLUMBUS' CONUNDRUMS. + +POEMS OF "ALASDAIR MAC MHAIGHSTIR ALASDAIR" MACDONALD. + +TURNER'S COLLECTION OF GAELIC POETRY. + +MAC AULAY'S HISTORY OF ST. KILDA. + +GRANT'S GAELIC POEMS. + +GILLIES' COLLECTION OF GAELIC POEMS. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We have this week been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS, &c._ + +W. W. (Malta) _is thanked for his suggestion_. _We fear, however, that the +difficulties in the way of carrying it out, which are far more than he +suspects, will still prevent our doing so, as we have often desired._ + +PETER THE SAXONIAN _is referred to our_ 1st Vol., p. 102., _where he will +find that both Blair and Campbell were anticipated by Norris of Bemerton, +who sang of_ + + "Angels' visits, short and bright." + +R. G. L. _The meaning and derivation of_ DITTO _are obvious. It means_ "the +same," _from the Italian_ ditto, _the said_. + +TOUCHSTONE. _Music is sometimes engraved, sometimes printed from moveable +types._ + +J. C., _who inquires whether Shelley first imagined the name of_ Mab, _has, +we fear, never read Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, or Mercutio's account of +"the Fairie's midwife." We almost envy him._ + +F. R. S. (Barkisland). _His Query shall appear, and_ we think _we may +promise him a full and satisfactory Reply._ + +H. C. K., _and other Correspondents respecting the inscription at Dewsbury, +are thanked_. + +A. B. _The line_ + + "And coming events cast their shadows before," + +_is from Campbell's_ Lochiel's Warning. + +H. B. C. _The Correspondent to whom H. B. C. refers us furnished his name +and address. But perhaps our Correspondent's Reply had better appear_. + +W. H. T. (Salisbury). Ophiomaches _was written by the Rev. Philip Skelton_. +_See further our_ No. 157., p. 415. _The other Queries shall have early +attention._ + +D'OYLEY AND MANT'S COMMENTARY. _With reference to our Note in No. 157., a +Correspondent informs us that an edition is now publishing in Parts at 6d. +each, by Strange_ + +PHOTOGRAPHY. _Owing to the length of DR. DIAMOND's directions for the Paper +Process in our present No., we are compelled to postpone many interesting +communications. DR. DIAMOND's former articles are contained in our Nos. +151, 152, 153. and 155. All our Nos., however, subsequent to 148., contain +communications on this interesting subject._ + +THE INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE _to our Sixth Volume will be ready very shortly_. + +BACK NUMBERS OF NOTES AND QUERIES. _Full Price will be given for clean +copies of Nos. 27, 28, 29, 30. 59, 60, and 61._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + + * * * * * + + +Mr. Henri van Laun assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge of +the French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with the +ancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages, and also +with the best English authors, he can render his lessons valuable to +gentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He also undertakes +the translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be addressed, pre-paid, +ANDREW'S Library, 167. 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OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. + +*** The Fourteenth Century is in the Press and will be ready shortly. + +The Prospectus, Table of Contents, and List of Plates, &c. in the Volume, +may be had free by Post on application. + +BOOKS FOR PRESENTS. + +The Fifth Edition of THE GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. Three Volumes. +Illustrated by upwards of 1700 Engravings. + +In Octavo. One Guinea, RICKMAN'S GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. + +12mo., 3s. 6d., AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE. By J. +H. PARKER, F.S.A. + +*** A Catalogue of Old and Second-hand Books from the Stock of JOHN HENRY +PARKER, Oxford, is now being issued, and may be had on application. + +Oxford & London: JOHN HENRY PARKER. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, fcp. 8vo. 6s. + +DEMOCRITUS IN LONDON; with the Mad Pranks and Conceits of Motley and Robin +Goodfellow: to which are added Notes Festivous, &c. By GEORGE DANIEL, +Author of "Merrie England in the Olden Time," "The Modern Dunciad," &c. + +"An exquisite metrical conceit, sparkling with wit and humour, in the true +spirit of Aristophanes, in which Democritus guides his brilliant and merry +muse through every fantastic measure, evincing grace in the most grotesque +attitudes. As a relief to his cutting sarcasm and fun, the laughing +philosopher has introduced some fine descriptive scenes, and passages of +deep pathos, eloquence, and beauty. Not the least remarkable feature in +this very remarkable book are the recondite and curious notes, at once so +critical and philosophical, so varied and so amusing, so full of +interesting anecdote and racy reminiscences. They form a rich mine of +classical learning and antiquarian knowledge. To genius and virtue +Democritus will prove a delightful companion and friend, but a well-pickled +rod to vice and folly--a scourge to make wince hollow pretenders of every +kind--even down to the critical impostor and the stage-struck +buffoon."--See _Athenæum_, _Critic_, &c. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +SPANISH CATALOGUE.--Just issued, B. QUARITCH'S Catalogue of Rare and +Valuable Spanish and Portuguese Books, gratis on application. + +BERNARD QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square. + + * * * * * + + +ITALIAN LITERATURE.--Just issued, B. QUARITCH'S Catalogue of Cheap, +Valuable, and Curious Italian Books, gratis on application. + +BERNARD QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square. + + * * * * * + + +{31} + +Now ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth 2l. 2s.; morocco, 2l. 12s. +6d. + +POETRY OF THE YEAR, PASSAGES FROM THE POETS DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS. + +WITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING +EMINENT ARTISTS. + + T. CRESWICK, R.A. + C. DAVIDSON. + W. LEE. + J. MULLER. + E. DUNCAN. + BIRKET FOSTER. + D. COX. + H. LE JEUNE. + W. HEMSLEY. + C. BRANWHITE. + J. WOLF. + C. WEIGALL. + HARRISON WEIR. + R. R. + E. V. B. + LUCETTE E. BARKER. + + "Bids fair to be the most beautiful and attractive of the 'Gift Books' + of the present season. The designs, which are for the most part + exceedingly good, have been lithographed, and printed in colours, so as + to present the appearance of exquisite and really well-finished + drawings, and the letter-press is compiled from the works of our most + standard writers. This, in our opinion, is by far the best plan for + illustrated works. The words should be worthy of the pictures, and then + those who go to the expense of such works have the satisfaction of + knowing that they have got the best of their kind, in both the text and + the illustrations, instead of having, as is too often the case, capital + pictures and second or third-rate prose or poetry. The book before us + is, in every way, worthy to be placed upon the drawing-room table of + her most gracious Majesty, and we doubt not that it will shortly be + found there."--_English Churchman._ + + "'Poetry of the Year' is a most richly illustrated volume, containing + more than a score of beautiful designs lithographed and printed in + colours with a delightful effect. Several of them (we may instance the + timber waggon on the wintry road, the rich summer sunset, the view of + Windermere, the group of cattle, and the children gathering spring + flowers) have the effect of finished water-colour drawings; and when we + add that among the contributors of designs are Mr. Creswick, Mr. David + Cox, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Weir, E. V. B., and others hardly + less admired, the reader will understand that the volume is above the + average of illustrated books generally. We have to say also that the + accompanying passages from the poets are extremely well made, with a + true feeling and a catholic taste. The volume well deserves + success."--_Examiner._ + + "This is a charming volume, as much to be prized for the value of the + letter-press, as admired for the beauty of the illustrations--a remark + applicable to few books so ornamental. The poetry consists of + selections from English classic authors, on subjects connected with the + four seasons.... + + Altogether, the volume is worthy of high praise, and will doubtless be + a favourite gift-book of the new year, having also the advantage of + being a book of pleasant reference for all the year round."--_Literary + Gazette._ + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +FIRST FRENCH BOOK, BY THE REV. T. K. ARNOLD. + +In 12mo., price 5s. 6d. The Third Edition of + +THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK: + +On the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." + +By the REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. + +Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Author +of the "First German Book." + + "Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to meet + the wants of English students of the French Language. The philosophical + explanation of the changes of consonants, together with the frequent + references to Latin words and idioms by way of illustration and + comparison, render it far superior as a school-book to any other + introduction, even from the pen of a native writer. The sound + principles of imitation and repetition which have secured for the + author a reputation widely extended and well deserved, are here happily + exemplified. His account of the differences of idiom is very + satisfactory and complete:--whoever thoroughly masters it, will rarely + want anything further on the subject."--_Athenæum._ + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + Of whom may be had, + A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price Sixpence, or sent Free on receipt of Eight Postage +Stamps, + +FENNELL'S SHAKESPEARE REPOSITORY; + + Containing interesting Articles on the True Orthography and Etymology + of Shakspeare's Name; Remarks on his Bequest to his Wife; Shakspeare + considered as a Comic Writer; Curious Account of a Great and + Destructive Flood at Stratford-on-Avon in his Time; The Government and + Shakspeare's House; Remarks on Shakspeare's Gallantry; Notes on his + Pedigree; On Shakspeare's Manuscripts; Old London Theatres; Some + Accounts of his Mulberry Tree and Walnut Tree; Ancient Verses on his + coming to London, &c. &c. + +Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. + + * * * * * + + +{32} + +BOOKS ON SALE BY + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, + +36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. + +HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction by +an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings, being the most accurate +copies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece of an Ancient +Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved +by Fairholt, cloth, 9s. + + "The designs are executed with a spirit and fidelity quite + extraordinary. They are indeed most truthful."--_Athenæum._ + +LOWER'S (M. A.) ESSAYS ON ENGLISH SURNAMES. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third +Edition, greatly enlarged. Cloth, 12s. + +BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA LITERARIA; or Biography of Literary Characters of +Great Britain and Ireland, arranged in Chronological Order. By THOMAS +WRIGHT, M.A., F.S.A., Member of the Institute of France. 2 thick vols. 8vo. +Cloth. Vol. I. Anglo-Saxon Period. Vol. II. Anglo-Norman Period. 6s. each, +published at 12s. each. + +Published under the superintendence of the Royal Society of Literature. + +COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By J. Y. +AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original coins, +6s. 6d. + +COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By J. +Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates and +woodcuts, 10s. 6d. cloth. + +GUIDE TO ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity of the +Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, +fellow and secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated +with numerous engravings, comprising upward of 500 objects, cloth 15s. + + "One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of + comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The plates, + indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by their number + and the judicious selection of types and examples which they contain. + It is a book which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend + to all who are interested in the antiquities of their native + land."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed from + such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be generally + acceptable."--_Art Union._ + +WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS ON THE LITERATURE, POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS, AND +HISTORY OF ENGLAND in the MIDDLE AGES. 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth, 16s. + +WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ST. PATRICK'S PURGATORY: an Essay on the Legends of +Purgatory, Hell, and Paradise, current during the Middle Ages. Post 8vo. +cloth, 6s. + +THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition. +Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W. B. +Scott. 4s. 6d. cloth. + +POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a Sequel to +"The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4s. +6d. + +LOWER'S CURIOSITIES OF HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English +Writers. 8vo. Numerous Engravings. Cloth, 14s. + +HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the +Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. By +G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo. closely printed in double +columns, cloth, 15s. + +*** An indispensable book to those engaged in genealogical or topographical +pursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000 +of the gentry of England, their residences, &c. (distinguishing the +different families of the same name in every country), as recorded by the +Heralds in their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in +the British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public +library ought to be without it. + +CONSUETUDINES KANCIÆ. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable Customs +in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A. (Cantianus), +illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo. cloth, 15s. + +BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN WALL +FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts, half +morocco, 1l. 1s. + +BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8vo. +closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12s. + + "This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost an + entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a very + moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in the former + expensive edition, with a great accession of new words and + matter."--_Author's Preface._ + +ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon +Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical +and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2 +thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12s. (original price 18s.) + +A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the Language. +By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge, author of the +Poems and Glossary in the Dorset Dialect. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d. + + "To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own native + English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is indispensable; and we + have never seen an introduction better calculated than the present to + supply the wants of a beginner in a short space of time. The + declensions and conjugations are well stated, and illustrated by + references to the Greek, Latin, French, and other languages. A + philosophical spirit pervades every part. The Delectus consists of + short pieces on various subjects, with extracts from Anglo-Saxon + History and the Saxon Chronicle. There is a good Glossary at the + end."--_Athenæum, Oct. 20, 1849._ + +FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W. A. +CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving," in one handsome +vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, cloth, +1l. 1s. + + "It is exceedingly amusing."--_Atlas._ + + "Curious, entertaining, and really learned book."--_Rambler._ + + "Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest + approbation."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even to + persons who never play at cards."--_Tait's Mag._ + +BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA: a Bibliographical account of the Music and +Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth +Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By +DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5s. + +A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, +and Ancient Customs from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, +F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards of 1,000 pages closely +printed in double columns, cloth 1l. 1s. + +It contains about 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered +Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the reading +of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other authors, +whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not to be +found in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the +principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early +inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be found +to be original authorities. + +A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books, MS. +and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240, half-bound in +morocco, 6s. + + ----Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old, + Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold. + +GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for the +Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5s. 6d. + +*** This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to those well +versed in other languages. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 1. 1853. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 166, January +1, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42781 *** |