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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 168, January 15,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 168, January 15, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2013 [EBook #42783]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian
+Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+{57}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 168.]
+SATURDAY, JANUARY 15. 1853
+[With Index, price 10d. Stamped Edition 11d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+
+  Inedited Poem by Pope                                         57
+
+  Southey's "Doctor:" St. Matthias' Day in Leap-year, by
+    P. J. Yarrum                                                58
+
+  Oxfordshire Legend in Stone, by B. H. Cowper                  58
+
+  Lady Nevell's Music-Book                                      59
+
+  Bishop Burnet, by Wm. L. Nichols                              59
+
+  A Monastic Kitchener's Account                                60
+
+  The Fairies in New Ross, by Patrick Cody                      61
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--The Duke of Wellington and Marshal Ney:
+    Parallel Passage in the Life of Washington and Major
+    André--St. Bernard _versus_ Fulke Greville--St.
+    Munoki's Day--Epitaph in Chesham Churchyard--Gentlemen
+    Pensioners--Marlborough: curious Case of Municipal
+    Opposition to County Magistracy--Wet Season in
+    1348--General Wolfe                                         62
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Pope and the Marquis Maffei                                   64
+
+  The Church Catechism, by C. J. Armistead                      64
+
+  A Countess of Southampton                                     64
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Hardening Steel Bars--Pierrepoint--Ceylon--
+    Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting--"To talk like a
+    Dutch Uncle"--Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Belgium--
+    Charter of Waterford--Inscription on Penny of George
+    III.--"Shob" or "Shub," a Kentish Word--Bishop Pursglove
+    (Suffragan) of Hull--Stewarts of Holland--Robert Wauchope,
+    Archbishop of Armagh, 1543--Plum-pudding--"Whene'er I
+    asked"--Immoral Works--Arms at Bristol--Passage in
+    Thomson--"For God will be your King to-day"--"See where
+    the startled wild fowl"--Ascension-day--The Grogog
+    of a Castle                                                 65
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Canongate Marriages                                           67
+
+  Lady Katherine Grey                                           68
+
+  Howlett the Engraver, by B. Hudson                            69
+
+  Chaucer                                                       69
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Pyrogallic Acid--
+    Stereoscopic Pictures with One Camera--Mr. Crookes'
+    Wax-paper Process--India Rubber a Substitute for Yellow
+    Glass--Dr. Diamond's Paper Processes                        70
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Ancient Timber Town-halls--
+    Magnetic Intensity--Monument at Wadstena--David Routh,
+    R. C. Bishop of Ossory--Cardinal Erskine--"Ne'er to these
+    chambers," &c.--The Budget--"Catching a Tartar"--The
+    Termination "-itis"                                         71
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                  73
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                     73
+
+  Advertisements                                                74
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+INEDITED POEM BY POPE.
+
+In an original letter from James Boaden to Northcote the artist, I find the
+following passage; and I add to it the verses to which allusion is therein
+made:
+
+ "60. Warren Street, Fitzroy Square.
+ "28th August, 1827.
+
+ "My dear friend,
+
+"The verses annexed are so fine, that you should put them into your copy of
+Pope, among the Miscellanies. Dr. Warburton received them too late for his
+edition of our poet, and I find them only in a letter from the prelate to
+Dr. Hurd, dated 'Prior Park, June 24th, 1765.'
+
+"I have used the freedom to mark a few of the finest touches with a pencil,
+to show you _my_ feeling. These you can rub out easily, and afterwards
+indulge your own. The style of interrogation seems to have revived in
+Gray's Elegy. Hurd would send the verses to Mason as soon as he got them;
+and Mason and Gray, as you know, were _one_ in all their studies.
+
+         "I do not forget the Fables.
+                 "Yours, my dear friend, always,
+                         "J. BOADEN.
+ "J. Northcote, Esq."
+
+Not having by me any modern edition of Pope's _Works_, may I ask whether
+these verses, thus transcribed for Northcote by his friend Boaden, have yet
+been introduced to the public?
+
+    _Verses by Mr. Pope, on the late Dean of Carlisle's (Dr. Bolton) having
+    written and published a Paper to the Memory of Mrs. Butler, of Sussex,
+    Mother to old Lady Blount of Twickenham._
+
+    [They are supposed to be spoken by the deceased lady to the author of
+    that paper, which drew her character.]
+
+ "Stript to the naked soul, escaped from clay,
+  From doubts unfetter'd, and dissolved in day;
+  Unwarm'd by vanity, unreach'd by strife,
+  And all my hopes and fears thrown off with life;
+  Why am I charm'd by Friendship's fond essays,
+  And tho' unbodied, conscious of thy praise?
+  {58}
+  Has pride a portion in the parted soul?
+  Does passion still the formless mind control?
+  Can gratitude outpant the silent breath,
+  Or a friend's sorrow pierce the glooms of death?
+  No, 'tis a spirit's nobler taste of bliss,
+  That feels the worth it left, in proofs like this;
+  That not its own applause but thine approves,
+  Whose practice praises, and whose virtue loves;
+  Who liv'st to crown departed friends with fame;
+  Then dying, late, shalt all thou gav'st reclaim.
+                                  MR. POPE."
+
+A. F. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SOUTHEY'S "DOCTOR;" ST. MATTHIAS' DAY IN LEAP-YEAR.
+
+In looking over the 1848 edition of Southey's book, _The Doctor_, I observe
+an error which has escaped the care and revision of the editor, the Rev. J.
+W. Warter, B.D. At p. 199., where Southey is referring to the advantages of
+almanacs, he writes:
+
+    "Who is there that has not sometimes had occasion to consult the
+    almanac? Maximilian I., by neglecting to do this, failed in an
+    enterprise against Bruges. It had been concerted with his adherents in
+    that turbulent city, that he should appear before it at a certain time,
+    and they would be ready to rise in his behalf, and open the gates for
+    him. He forgot that it was leap-year, and came a day too soon; and this
+    error on his part cost many of the most zealous of his friends their
+    lives. It is remarkable that neither the historian who relates this,
+    nor the writers who have followed him, should have looked into the
+    almanac to guard against any inaccuracy in the relation; _for they have
+    fixed the appointed day on the eve of St. Matthias, which being the
+    23rd of February, could not be put out of its course by leap-year_."
+
+The words in Italics show Southey's mistake. This historian was quite
+correct: as, according to the calendar of the Roman Catholic Church,
+although the regular festival of St. Matthias is celebrated upon the 24th
+of February, yet, "in anno bissextili Februarius est dierum 29, et Festum
+S. Mathiæ celebratur 25 Februarii." Thus it will be seen, that the year
+when Maximilian was to have appeared before Bruges being leap-year, and the
+day appointed being the eve of St. Matthias, he should have come upon the
+24th, not the 23rd of February: the leap-year making all the difference.
+
+P. J. YARRUM.
+
+Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OXFORDSHIRE LEGEND IN STONE.
+
+A few miles from Chipping-Norton, by the side of a road which divides
+Oxfordshire from Warwickshire, and on the brow of a hill overlooking Long
+Compton, stand the remains of a Druidical temple. Leland speaks of them as
+"Rollright stones," from their being in the parish of Rollright. The temple
+consists of a single circle of stones, from fifty to sixty in number, of
+various sizes and in different positions, but all of them rough, time-worn,
+and mutilated. The peasantry say that it is impossible to count these
+stones, and certainly it is a difficult task, though not because there is
+any witchcraft in the matter, but owing to the peculiar position of some of
+them. You will hear of a certain baker who resolved not to be outwitted, so
+hied to the spot with a basketful of small loaves, one of which he placed
+on every stone. In vain he tried; either his loaves were not sufficiently
+numerous, or some sorcery displaced them, and he gave up in despair. Of
+course no one expects to succeed now.
+
+In a field adjoining are the remains of a cromlech, the altar where, at a
+distance from the people, the priests performed their mystic rites. The
+superimposed stone has slipped off, and rests against the others. These are
+the "Whispering Knights," and this their history:--In days of yore, when
+rival princes debated their claims to England's crown by dint of arms, the
+hostile forces were encamped hard by. Certain traitor-knights went forth to
+parley with others from the foe. While thus plotting, a great magician,
+whose power they unaccountably overlooked, transformed them all into stone,
+and there they stand to this day.
+
+Not far from the temple, but on the opposite side of the road, is a
+solitary stone, probably the last of two rows which flanked the approach to
+the sacred circle. This stone was once a prince who claimed the British
+throne. On this spot he inquired of the magician above named what would be
+his destiny:
+
+ "If Long Compton you can see,
+  King of England you shall be,"
+
+answered the wise man. But he could not see it, and at once shared the fate
+of the "Whispering Knights." This is called the "King's stone," and so
+stands that, while you cannot see Long Compton from it, you can if you go
+forward a very little way. On some future day an armed warrior will issue
+from this very stone, to conquer and govern our land!
+
+It is said that a farmer, who wished to bridge over a small stream at the
+foot of the hill, resolved to press the "Whispering Knights" into the
+service; but it was almost too much for all the horse power at his command
+to bring them down. At length they were placed, but all they could do was
+not sufficient to keep them in their place. It was therefore resolved to
+restore them to their original post, when, lo! they who required so much to
+bring them down, and defied all attempts to keep them quiet, were taken
+back almost without an effort by a single horse! So there they stand, {59}
+till they and the rest (for I believe the large circle was once composed of
+living men) shall return to their proper manhood.
+
+Other legends respecting this curious relic might, I doubt not, be obtained
+on the spot. I obtained the above in answer to inquiries, when making a
+pilgrimage to the place.
+
+B. H. COWPER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADY NEVELL'S MUSIC-BOOK.
+
+The following contents of the Lady Nevell's music-book (1591) may be
+interesting to many of your readers:
+
+      "1. My Ladye Nevell's Grownde.
+       2. Que passe, for my Ladye Nevell.
+       3. The March before the Battell.
+       4. The Battell.
+          The March of Footemen.
+          The March of Horsemen.
+          The Trumpetts.
+          The Irishe Marche.
+          The Bagpipe and Drone.
+          The Flute and Dromme.
+          The Marche to Fight.
+          Tantara.
+          The Battells be ioyned.
+          The Retreat.
+       5. The Galliarde for the Victorie.
+       6. The Barley Breake.
+       7. The Galliarde Gygg.
+       8. The Hunt's upp.
+       9. Ut re mi fa sol la.
+      10. The first Pauian.
+      11. The Galliard to the same.
+      12. The seconde Pauian.
+      13. The Galliarde to the same.
+      14. The third Pauian.
+      15. The Galliarde to the same.
+      16. The fourth Pauian.
+      17. The Galliarde to the same.
+      18. The fifte Pauian.
+      19. The Galliarde to the same.
+      20. The sixte Pauian.
+      21. The Galliarde to the same.
+      22. The seventh Pauian.
+      23. The eighte Pauian.
+          The passinge mesurs is,
+      24. The nynthe Pauian.
+      25. The Galliarde to the same.
+      26. The Voluntarie Lesson.
+      27. Will you walk the Woods soe wylde.
+      28. The Mayden's Song.
+      29. A Lesson of Voluntarie.
+      30. The second Grownde.
+      31. Have w^t you to Walsingame.
+      32. All in a Garden greene.
+      33. The lo. Willobie's welcome home.
+      34. The Carman's Whistle.
+      35. Hughe Ashton's Grownde.
+      36. A Fancie, for my Ladye Nevell.
+      37. Sellinger's Rownde.
+      38. Munser's Almaine.
+      39. The tenth Pauian, Mr. W. Peter.
+      40. The Galliarde to the same.
+      41. A Fancie.
+      42. A Voluntarie.
+                  Finis.
+
+    Ffinished and ended the Leventh of September, in the yeare of our Lorde
+    God 1591, and in the 33 yeare of the raigne of our sofferaine ladie
+    Elizabeth, by the grace of God Queen of England, &c., by me, Jo.
+    Baldwine of Windsore.
+
+      Laudes Deo."
+
+The songs have no words to them. Most of the airs are signed "Mr. William
+Birde."
+
+A modern MS. note in the book states that the book is "Lady Nevell's
+Music-book," and that she seems "to have been the scholar of Birde, who
+professedly composed several of the pieces for her ladyship's use;" and
+that sixteen of the forty-two pieces are "in the Virginal Book of Queen
+Elizabeth," and that "Jo. Baldwine was a singing-man at Windsor." The music
+is written on four-staved paper of six lines, in large bold characters,
+with great neatness. The notes are lozenge-shape. Can any of your
+correspondents furnish rules for transposing these six-line staves into the
+five-line staves of modern notations?
+
+L. B. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP BURNET.
+
+Having but recently become acquainted with your useful and learned work
+(for _scire ubi aliquid invenire possis, magna pars eruditionis est_), I
+have been much interested in looking over the earlier volumes. Allow me to
+add a couple of links to your _catena_ on Bishop Burnet. The first is the
+opinion of Hampton, the translator of Polybius; the other is especially
+valuable, it being nothing less than the portrait of Burnet drawn by
+himself, but certainly not with any idea of its being suspended beside the
+worthies of his "Own Time," for the edification of posterity.
+
+Hampton's testimony is as follows:
+
+    "His personal resentments put him upon writing history. He relates the
+    actions of a persecutor and benefactor; and it is easy to believe that
+    a man in such circumstances must violate the laws of truth. The
+    remembrance of his injuries is always present, and gives venom to his
+    pen. Let us add to this, that intemperate and malicious curiosity which
+    penetrates into the most private recesses of vice. The greatest of his
+    triumphs is to draw the veil of secret infamy, and expose to view
+    transactions that were before concealed from the world; though they
+    serve not in the least either to embellish the style or connect the
+    series of his history, and will never obtain more credit than, perhaps,
+    to suspend the judgment of the reader, since they are supported only by
+    one single, _suspected_ testimony."--_Reflections on Ancient and Modern
+    History_, 4to.: Oxford, 1746.
+
+Let me now refer you to a document, written with his own hand, which sets
+the question of {60} Burnet's truthfulness and impartiality in his
+delineations of character completely at rest.
+
+From the Napier charter-chest, "by a species of retributive justice," there
+has recently risen up in judgment against him _a letter of his own, proving
+his own character_. It is, I regret, too long for insertion in your pages
+_in extenso_, but no abstract can give an adequate idea of its contents. It
+is, in fact, so mean and abject as almost to overpass belief. I must refer
+your readers to Mr. Mark Napier's _Montrose and the Covenanters_, vol. i.
+pp. 13-21. All the reflections of the Whig historian Dalrymple, all the
+severe remarks of Swift and Lord Dartmouth, as to Burnet's dishonesty and
+malice, would now seem well bestowed upon a writer so despicable and
+faithless, and the credit of whose statements, when resting _on his own
+sole authority_, must be totally destroyed. This curious epistle was
+written, in an agony of fear, on a Sunday morning, during the memorable
+crisis of the Rye-House plot, and while Lord Russell was on the eve of his
+execution. Addressed to Lord Halifax, it was intended to meet the eye of
+the King. It evidently proves the writer's want of veracity in divers
+subsequent statements in his history. The future bishop also protests that
+he never will accept of any preferment, promises never more to oppose the
+Court, and intimates an intention to paint the King in the fairest
+light--"if I ever live to finish what I am about;" _i.e._ the _History of
+his Own Time_, in which the villanous portrait of Charles afterwards
+appeared.
+
+    "Here, then," says Mr. Napier, "is Burnet _Redivivus_; and now the
+    bishop may call Montrose a coward or what he likes, and persuade the
+    world of his own super-eminent moral courage, if he can. For our own
+    part, after reading the above letter, we do not believe one malicious
+    word of what Burnet has uttered in the _History of his Own Time_
+    against Charles I. and Montrose; and he has therein said nothing about
+    them that is not malicious. We do not believe that the apology for
+    Hamilton, which he has given to the world in the memoirs of that House,
+    is by any means so truthful an exposition of the character of that
+    mysterious marquis as the letters and papers entrusted to the bishop
+    enabled him to give. We feel thoroughly persuaded that Bishop Burnet,
+    in that work, as well as in the _History of his Own Time_, reversed the
+    golden maxim of Cicero, '_Ne quid falsi dicere audeat, ne quid veri non
+    audeat_.' The marvellous of himself, and the malicious of others, we
+    henceforth altogether disbelieve, when resting on the sole authority of
+    the bishop's historical record, and will never listen to when retailed
+    traditionally and at second-hand from him. Finally, we do believe the
+    truth of the anecdote, that the bishop, 'after a debate in the House of
+    Lords, usually went home and altered everybody's character as they had
+    pleased or displeased him that day;' and that he kept weaving in secret
+    this chronicle of his times, not to enlighten posterity or for the
+    cause of truth, but as a means of indulging in safety his own
+    interested or malicious feelings towards the individuals that pleased
+    or offended him. So much for Bishop Burnet, whose authority must
+    henceforth always be received _cum nota_."
+
+WM. L. NICHOLS.
+
+Lansdown Place, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A MONASTIC KITCHENER'S ACCOUNT.
+
+(From a volume of memoranda touching the monastery of Whalley, temp. Henry
+VIII., among the records of the Court of Augmentation.)
+
+    "Dyv'se somes of money leid oute by me Jamys More, monke and kechyner
+    to the late Abbot of Whalley, for and conc'nynge dyv'se caitts bought
+    by the seid Jamys of dyv'se [p=]sons, as hereaft' dothe [p=]ticlerly
+    appire by [p=]cells whiche came to thuse of the seid house, and spent
+    yn the seid house from the last daye of December until the ---- daye of
+    Marche then next folowynge yn the xxviij^{th} yere of the reign of
+    Kynge Henry the viij^{th}, whiche somes of money the said Jamys asketh
+    allowance.
+
+  First payde to Edmunde Taillor Fischer
+  for ---- salt salmons, spent in the seyd
+  late abbott kechyn syns the tyme of his
+  accompt                                               xxv^s
+
+  Itm. Payde to the seid Edmunde for xj
+  freshe salmons, bought of the said Edmunde
+  to thuse, &c. of the seid house,
+  there spent by the seid tyme                          xxv^s
+
+  Itm. Payde to Will'm Newbbet for fresh
+  fische                                                iij^s    iij^d
+
+  Itm. Payde for vj capons, bought at Fastyngeseven
+  of dyv'se [p=]sons                                     ij^s
+
+  Itm. Payde for xxxv hennes, bought of
+  dyv'se [p=]sons                                         v^s      x^d
+
+  Itm. Payde for eggs, butter, chese, bought
+  of dyv'se [p=]sons betwixt Cristmas and
+  Fastyngsevyn, spent yn the seid house              xxiiij^s
+
+  Itm. Payde for mustersede                               v^s
+
+  Itm. Bought of Will'm Fische viij potts
+  hony-pric                                               x^s
+
+  Itm. Bought of Anthony Watson vij gallons
+  hony                                                   ix^s   iiij^d
+
+  Itm. Bought of John Colthirst ij gallons
+  hony                                                   ij^s   iiij^d
+
+  Itm. Payde to Richard Jackson for xvij^c
+  sparlyngs                                              ix^s   viii^d
+
+  Sum of the payments         vj^{li} xviij^d (sic in orig.)
+
+  Itm. The same Jamys askyth allowance of xiiij^s, whiche
+  the seid late abbott dyd owe hym at the tyme of his
+  last accompt, whiche endyd at Cristmas last past, as
+  yt dothe appire by the accompt of the seid Jamys
+  More.
+
+  Itm. The late abbott of Whalley dyd owe unto the
+  seid Jamys More, for a grey stagg that the seid
+  late abbott dyd by of the same Jamys by the space
+  of a yere syns                                          x^s
+
+                                  By me JAMES MOR."
+
+The advowson of the parish church of Whalley having been bequeathed to the
+White Monks of Stanlawe (Cheshire), they removed their abbey {61} there
+A.D. 1206; it being dedicated to the Virgin Mary ("Locus Benedictus de
+Whalley"), and having about sixty indwellers. (Tanner's _Notitia_.)
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FAIRIES IN NEW ROSS.
+
+     "When moonlight
+      Near midnight
+  Tips the rock and waving wood;
+      When moonlight
+      Near midnight
+  Silvers o'er the sleeping flood;
+      When yew tops
+      With dew-drops
+  Sparkle o'er deserted graves;
+     'Tis then we fly
+      Through welkin high,
+  Then we sail o'er yellow waves."
+
+  _Book of Irish Ballads._
+
+There lived, some thirty years since, in the eastern part of the suburbs of
+New Ross, in the county of Wexford, denominated the "Maudlins," a hedge
+carpenter named Davy Hanlan, better known to his neighbours by the
+sobriquet of "Milleadh Maide," or "Speilstick." Davy plied his trade with
+all the assiduity of an industrious man, "and laboured in all kinds of
+weather" to maintain his little family; and as his art consisted
+principally in manufacturing carts, ploughs, and harrows (iron ploughs not
+being then in use) for the surrounding farmers, and doctoring their old
+ones, the sphere of Davy's avocations was confined to no mean limits.
+
+It was a dry, sharp night, in the month of November, and darkness had set
+in long before Davy left Mount Hanover, two miles distant from his home. At
+length he started forward, and had already reached the bridge of the
+Maudlins, when he stopped to rest; for besides his tools he carried a
+bundle of wheaten straw, which he intended for a more than usually
+comfortable "shake-down" for his dear rib Winny. The moon had by this time
+ascended above the horizon, and by its silvery radiance depicted in
+delicate outline the hills rising in the distance, while the tender rays
+mixing with, and faintly illumining the gloom of the intermediate valleys,
+formed a mass of light and shade so exquisitely blended as to appear the
+work of enchantment. As Davy leaned on the parapet of the bridge, a thrill
+of alarm involuntarily disturbed his feelings: he was about to depart when
+he heard a clamorous sound, as of voices, proceeding from that part of the
+valley on which he still gazed. Curiosity now tempted him to listen still
+longer, when suddenly he saw a group of dwarfish beings emerging from the
+gloom, and coming rapidly towards him, along the green marsh that borders
+the Maudlin stream. Poor Davy was terror-stricken at this unusual sight; in
+vain he attempted to escape: he was, as it were, spellbound. Instantly the
+whole company gained the road beside him, and after a moment's consultation
+they simultaneously cried out, "Where is my horse? give me my horse!" &c.
+In the twinkling of an eye they were all mounted. Davy's feelings may be
+more easily imagined than described, and in a fit of unconsciousness his
+tongue, as it were mechanically, articulated "Where is my horse?"
+Immediately he found himself astride on a rude piece of timber, somewhat in
+shape of a plough-beam, by which he was raised aloft in the air. Away he
+went, as he himself related, at the rate of nine knots an hour, gliding
+smoothly through the liquid air. No aeronaut ever performed his expedition
+with more intrepidity; and after about two hours' journeying the whole
+cavalcade alighted in the midst of a large city, just as
+
+ "The iron tongue of midnight had told twelve."
+
+One of the party, who appeared to be a leader, conducted them from door to
+door, Davy following in the rear; and at the first door he passed them the
+word, "We cannot enter, the dust of the floor lies not behind the door."[1]
+Other impediments prevented their ingress to the next two or three doors.
+
+At length, having come to a door which was not guarded by any of these
+insuperable sentinels which defy the force of fairy assault, he joyfully
+cried out "We can enter here:" and immediately, as if by enchantment, the
+door flew open, the party entered, and Davy, much astonished, found himself
+within the walls of a spacious wine-store. Instantly the heads of wine
+vessels were broken; bungs flew out; the carousing commenced; each boon
+companion pledged his friend, as he bedewed his whiskers in the sparkling
+beverage; and the wassail sounds float round the walls and hollow roof.
+Davy, not yet recovered from his surprise, stood looking on, but could not
+contrive to come at a drop: at length he asked a rather agreeable fairy who
+was close to him to help him to some. "When I shall have done," said the
+fairy, "I will give you this goblet, and you can drink." Very {62} soon
+after he handed the goblet to Davy, who was about to drink, when the leader
+gave the word of command:
+
+ "Away, away, my good fairies, away!
+  Let's revel in moonlight, and shun the dull day."
+
+The horses were ready, the party mounted, and Davy was carried back to the
+Maudlin bridge, bearing in his hand the silver goblet, as witness of his
+exploit. Half dead he made his way home to Winny, who anxiously awaited
+him; got to bed about four in the morning, to which he was confined by
+illness for months afterwards. And as Davy "lived from hand to mouth," his
+means were soon exhausted. Winny took the goblet and pledged it with Mr.
+Alexander Whitney, the watchmaker, for five shillings. In a few days after
+a gentleman who lived not twenty miles from Creywell Cremony came in to Mr.
+Whitney's, saw the goblet, and recognised it as being once in his
+possession, and marked with the initials "M. R.," and on examining it found
+it to be the identical one which he had bestowed, some years before, on a
+Spanish merchant. Davy, when able to get out, deposed on oath before the
+Mayor of Ross (who is still living) to the facts narrated above. The
+Spanish gentleman was written to, and in reply corroborated Davy's
+statement, saying that on a certain night his wine-store was broken open,
+vessels much injured, and his wine spilled and drunk, and the silver goblet
+stolen. Davy was exonerated from any imputation of guilt in the affair, and
+was careful, during his life, never again to rest at night on the Maudlin
+bridge.
+
+PATRICK CODY.
+
+Mullinavat, county of Kilkenny.
+
+[Footnote 1: Every good housewife is supposed to sweep the kitchen floor
+previously to her going to bed; and the old women who are best skilled in
+"fairy lore" affirm, that if, through any inadvertence, she should leave
+the dust thus collected behind the door at night, this dust or sweepings
+will have the power of opening the door to the fairies, should they come
+the way. It is also believed that, if the broom should be left behind the
+door, without being placed standing on its handle, it will possess the
+power of admitting the fairies. Should the water in which the family had
+washed their feet, before going to bed, be left in the vessel, on the
+kitchen floor, without having a coal of fire put into it, if not thrown out
+in the yard, it will act as porter to the fairies or good people.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Duke of Wellington and Marshal Ney. Parallel Passage in the Life of
+Washington and Major André._--J. R. of Cork (Vol. vi., p. 480.) tells how
+Wellington was in his youth smitten with the charms of a lady, who, in
+after-life having appealed to him to save the life of Ney, was not simply
+unsuccessful in her object but was ordered to quit Paris forthwith. J. B.
+Burke, in the _Patrician_, vol. vi. p. 372., tells how Washington
+endeavoured to win the love of Mary Phillipse, and how he failed: how years
+rolled on, and the rejected lover as Commander-in-Chief of the American
+forces was supplicated by the same Mary, then the wife of Roger Morris, to
+spare the life of Andre. The appeal failed, and one of the General's aides
+was ordered to conduct the lady beyond the lines.
+
+ST. JOHNS.
+
+_St. Bernard versus Fulke Greville._--On lately reading over the fine
+philosophical poem _Of Humane Learning_, by Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, I
+was struck at finding that the 144th stanza was a literal transcript from
+St. Bernard. Some of your readers may possibly be amused or interested by
+the discovery:
+
+     "Yet some seeke knowledge, meerely to be knowne,
+      And idle curiositie that is;
+      Some but to sell, not freely to bestow,
+      These gaine and spend both time and health amisse;
+      Embasing arts, by basely deeming so,
+        Some to build others, which is charity,
+        But those to build themselves, who wise men be."
+                          _Workes_, p. 50.: Lond. 1633, 8vo.
+
+    "Sunt namque qui scire volunt eo fine tantum, ut sciant: et turpis
+    curiositas est. Et sunt item qui scire volunt, ut scientiam suam
+    vendant, verbi causa pro pecunia, pro honoribus: et turpis quæstus est.
+    Sed sunt quoque qui scire volunt, ut ædificentur: et prudentia
+    est."--S. Bernardi _In Cantica Serm._ xxxvi. Sect 3. _Opp._, vol. i. p.
+    1404. Parisiis, 1719, fol.
+
+It is no mean eulogy upon Lord Brooke's poem just referred to, to say that
+it stood high in the estimation of the late Rev. Hugh James Rose, and was
+quoted approvingly by him in his lectures before the Durham University. My
+acquaintance with it was first derived from that source, and I am confident
+that many others of your readers sympathise with the wishes of MR.
+CROSSLEY, for "a collected edition of the works of the two noble Grevilles"
+("N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 139.). The facts upon which the tragedy of
+_Mustapha_ is founded are graphically summed up by Knolles in his _Historie
+of the Turkes_, pp. 757-65.: London, 1633, fol.
+
+RT.
+
+Warmington.
+
+_St. Munoki's Day._--Professor Craik, in his _Romance of the Peerage_, vol.
+ii. p. 337., with reference to the date of the death of Margaret Tudor,
+Queen Dowager of Scotland, gives two authorities, namely, 24th November,
+1541, from the _Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents_, and _St. Munoki's_ Day,
+from the _Chronicle of Perth_, and then says: "I find no saint with a name
+resembling _Munok_ in the common lists." Now this Note of mine has
+originated in the belief that I _have found_ such a name in the _Calendar
+of Saints_, or at any rate one very closely resembling it, if not the
+identical _Munok_. "St. Marnok, B. patron of Killmarnock in Scotland,
+honoured on the 25th October in the Scots Calendar." Now "Marnok" is most
+probably _Munok_, the latter, perhaps, misspelt by a careless scribe in the
+_Chronicle of Perth_. There is a discrepancy of a month certainly in these
+two dates, 25th October and 24th November; but that is not very wonderful,
+as a doubt of the exact day of Queen Margaret's decease evidently exists
+among historians, for Pinkerton (vol. ii. p. 371.) conjectures June. The
+above extract regarding St. Marnok is from a {63} curious old work in my
+possession, published in 1761 in London, and entitled _A Memorial of
+Ancient British Piety, or a British Martyrology_. It gives also the names
+of St. Moroc, C., Nov. 8; St. Munnu, Ab., Oct. 21, both saints in the
+Scottish calendar.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Epitaph in Chesham Churchyard._--
+
+             "As an
+            Encouragement
+        to Regularity, Integrity,
+          and good Conduct,
+              This Stone
+  was erected at the general Expense
+        of the Inhabitants of
+        this Town and Parish
+      to perpetuate the Memory of
+          MATTHEW ARCHER,
+  who served the Office of Clerk with
+  the utmost Punctuality and Decorum
+      for upwards of Thirty Years.
+      He died 15th December, 1793."
+
+F. B. RELTON.
+
+_Gentlemen Pensioners._--
+
+    "On Saturday last, the Secretary to the Band of Gentleman Pensioners
+    did, by order of the Duke of Montague their Captain, dispatch circular
+    letters to the said gentlemen, signifying his Grace's pleasure to
+    revive the ancient rules and orders that were practised at the time of
+    the first institution of the Band in the reign of King Henry VII., viz.
+    that five of the said Gentleman Pensioners shall attend constantly
+    every day in the antechamber of the palace where His Majesty shall be
+    resident, from ten in the forenoon till three in the afternoon, the
+    usual time of His Majesty's retiring to go to dinner; and on every
+    Drawing Room night from eight to twelve."--_Weekly Journal_, Jan. 4,
+    1735.
+
+E.
+
+_Marlborough; Curious Case of Municipal Opposition to County
+Magistracy._--Shortly after the invasion of the elder Pretender, the
+corporation of Marlborough so far defied the royal authority as to drive
+the quarterly county sessions from the town; and high legal opinions were
+not wanting to fortify the position thus assumed by the borough, on the
+ground, namely, of its municipal charter, which secured to the town a court
+of its own.
+
+Now, we all know that in early times a borough's court-leet exempted the
+burgesses from the jurisdiction of the sheriff's "tourn," and that up till
+the period of the Municipal Reform bill, many charters still existed,
+verbally sustaining such right of exemption; but the Queries which I wish
+to put are the following. First, Though the crown's representative had no
+jurisdiction, had he not a right to enter, and sit on cases foreign to the
+borough? Secondly, What are the earliest instances of county quarter
+sessions sitting in independent boroughs? Thirdly, Were the cases numerous
+of similar acts of resistance at the period alluded to, viz. the reign of
+George I.?
+
+I take this occasion to state that I am drawing to conclusion a history of
+Silkely Hundred, which includes Marlborough and Lord Ailesbury's seat; and
+shall feel grateful for any information relating to the Pretender's
+influence in that district. That it must have been considerable may be
+argued from the Ailesbury alliance by marriage with the young Pretender.
+
+J. WAYLEN.
+
+Devizes.
+
+_Wet Season in 1348._--Accidentally looking into Holinshed a few days ago,
+I found that our present unusually wet season is not without a parellel,
+indeed much exceeded; as on that occasion the harvest must have been a
+complete failure, and dearth and disease consequently ensued. Providence,
+however, has kindly blessed us with an average harvest; and, exclusive of
+the disasters attendant upon storms and floods, I trust we shall escape any
+further visitation. I annex an extract of the passage in Holinshed:
+
+    "In this 22 yeare [of Edward III., A.D. 1348], from Midsummer to
+    Christmasse, for the more part it continuallie rained, so that there
+    was not one day and night drie togither, by reason whereof great flouds
+    insued, and the ground therewith was sore corrupted, and manie
+    inconueniences insued, as great sickenes, and other, insomuch that in
+    the yeare following, in France, the people died wonderfullie in diverse
+    places. In Italie also, and in manie other countries, as well in the
+    lands of the infidels as in Christendome, this grieuous mortalitie
+    reigned, to the great destruction of people. About the end of August,
+    the like dearth began in diuerse places of England, and especiallie in
+    London, continuing so for the space of twelue moneths following. And
+    vpon that insued great barrennesse, as well of the sea as the land,
+    neither of them yielding such plentie of things as before they had
+    done. Wherevpon vittels and corne became scant and hard to come
+    by."--_The Chronicles of Raphaell Holinshed_, fol., vol. iii. p. 378
+    (black letter).
+
+[Phi].
+
+_General Wolfe._--It may interest many of your readers to know that a
+portrait of General Wolfe, by Ramsay, 1758, is to be sold by Messrs.
+Christie and Manson, at their rooms, 8. King Street, St. James's Square, on
+Saturday, February 12.
+
+The picture is marked No. 300 in the catalogue of the first two days' sale.
+It formed part of the collection of a gentleman lately deceased, whom I had
+the pleasure of knowing.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+{64}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+POPE AND THE MARQUIS MAFFEI.
+
+I would beg the insertion of the following Note, which occurs at p. 338. of
+Walker's _Historical Memoir on Italian Tragedy_; with a view to
+ascertaining whether any light has been thrown on the subject since the
+publication of the work in question. I fear there is little chance of such
+being the case, but still I would be glad to learn from any of your
+correspondents, whether there is other evidence than the passage given from
+the Marquis's letter to Voltaire, to prove that Pope was actually engaged
+in the translation of his tragedy; or whether there is any allusion in the
+cotemporary literature of the day, to such a work having been undertaken by
+the bard of Twickenham.
+
+    "It seems to have escaped the notice of all Pope's biographers, that
+    when the Marquis Maffei visited Twickenham, in company with Lord
+    Burlington and Dr. Mead, he found the English bard employed on a
+    translation of his _Merope_: yet the public have been in possession of
+    this anecdote about fifty years. The Marquis, in his answer to the
+    celebrated letter addressed to him by Voltaire, says: 'Avendomi Mylord
+    Conte di Burlington, e il Sig. Dottore Mead, l'uno e l'altro talenti
+    rari, ed à quali quant' io debba non posso dire, condotto alla villa
+    del Sig. Pope, ch' è il Voltaire dell Inghilterra, come voi siete il
+    Pope della Francia, quel bravo Poeta mi fece vedere, che lavorava alla
+    versione della mia Tragedia in versi Inglesi: se la terminasse, e che
+    ne sia divenuto, non so.'--_La Merope_, ver. 1745, p. 180. With the
+    fate of this version we are, and probably shall ever remain,
+    unacquainted: it may, however, be safely presumed, that it was never
+    finished to the satisfaction of the translator, and therefore committed
+    to the flames."
+
+T. C. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CHURCH CATECHISM.
+
+Allow me to make the following inquiries through the pages of "N. & Q.,"
+which may possibly elicit valuable information from some of your many
+correspondents. In the Archbishop of York's questions put to candidates for
+Holy Orders, Feb. 1850, occurred this Query: "The Church Catechism ... by
+whom was the latter part added and put into its present form; and whence is
+it chiefly derived?" The former part of this is readily answered; being, as
+any one at all read in the history of the Prayer-Book well knows, added at
+the Hampton Court Conference, 1603; and was drawn up by Bishop Overall, at
+that time Dean of St. Paul's: but _whence is it chiefly derived?_ That is
+the question for which I have hitherto sought in vain a satisfactory
+solution, and fear his grace, or his examining chaplain, must have looked
+in vain for a correct reply from any of his _quasi_ clergymen, college
+education though they may have had. It is a point which seems to be passed
+over entirely unnoticed by all of our liturgical writers and church
+historians, as I have been at no little pains in searching works at all
+likely to clear it up, but, hitherto, without success. It may be
+conjectured that the part referred to, viz., on the Sacraments, was taken
+from Dean Nowell's Catechism; or, at all events, that Overall borrowed some
+of the expressions while he changed its meaning, as Nowell's was purely
+Calvinistic in tendency. He may have had before him the fourth part of
+Peter Lombard's _Liber Sententiarum_, or some such work. But all this is
+mere supposition; and what I want to arrive at, is some correct data or
+authoritative statement which would settle the point. Another interesting
+matter upon which I am desirous of information, is, as to the protestation
+after the rubrics at the end of the Communion Service. In our _present_
+Prayer-Book it is in marks of quotation, which we do not find in the second
+book of King Edward VI., where it originally appears--and the expressions
+there admit the real presence. It was altogether left out in Elizabeth's
+Prayer-Book, but again inserted in the last review in 1661, when the
+inverted commas first appear: the sense being somewhat different, allowing
+the spiritual but not the actual or bodily presence of Christ. Why are the
+_commas_ or marks of quotation, if such they be, then inserted? I have
+written to a well-known Archdeacon, eminent for his works on the
+Sacraments, but his answer does not convey what is sought by
+
+C. J. ARMISTEAD.
+
+Springfield Mount, Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A COUNTESS OF SOUTHAMPTON.
+
+I have just been reading, in the _Revue des deux Mondes_, an interesting
+article upon the recently-published _Memoirs of Mademoiselle de
+Koenigsmark_, in which I meet with the following passage:
+
+    "Ce fut à Venise que Charles-Jean de Koenigsmark rencontra la belle
+    Comtesse de Southampton, cette vaillante amoureuse qui, plantant la
+    fortune et famille, le suivit désormais par le monde déguisée en page:
+    romanesque anecdote que la princesse Palatine a consignée dans ses
+    mémoires avec cette brusque rondeur de style qui ne marchande pas les
+    expressions. 'Il doit être assez dans le caractère de quelques dames
+    anglaises de suivre leurs amans. J'ai connu un Comte de Koenigsmark
+    qu'une dame anglaise avait suivi en habit de page. Elle était avec lui
+    à Chambord, et comme, faute de place, il ne pouvait loger au Château,
+    il avait fait dresser dans la forêt une tente où il logeât. Il me
+    raconta son aventure à la Masse; j'eu la curiosité de voir le
+    soi-disant page. Je n'ai jamais rien vu de plus beau que cette figure:
+    les plus beaux yeux du monde, une bouche charmante, une prodigieuse
+    quantité de cheveux du plus beau brun, qui tombèrent en grosses boucles
+    sur ses épaules. Elle sourit en me voyant, se doutant bien que je
+    savais son secret. {65} Lorsqu'il partit de Chambord pour l'Italie, le
+    Comte Koenigsmark se trouva dans une auberge, et en sortit le matin
+    pour faire un tour de promenade. L'hotesse de cette maison courut après
+    lui et lui cria: 'Montez vite là-haut, Monsieur, votre page accouche!'
+    Le page accoucha en effet d'une fille: on mit la mère et l'enfant dans
+    un couvent à Paris."
+
+He afterwards went to England, where--
+
+    "Les frères, cousins, et petits cousins de lady Southampton
+    l'attendaient, et les duels se mirent à lui pleuvoir dessus. Comme son
+    épée aimait assez à luire au soleil, il la tira volontiers, et avec une
+    chance telle que ses ennemis, ne pouvant le vaincre par le fer,
+    jugèrent à propos d'essayer du poison. Dégouté de perdre son temps à de
+    pareilles misères, &c. &c. Tant que le comte a vecu il en a eu grand
+    soin; mais il mourut en Morée, et le page fidèle ne lui survécut pas
+    long-temps. Elle est morte comme une sainte."
+
+Can you, or any of your correspondents, say _who_ this interesting
+_Countess of Southampton_ was? She lived at the end of the seventeenth
+century. In addition to these particulars, which are so nicely told that I
+would not venture to alter them, as Orsino asks Viola, "What was her
+history?"
+
+W. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Hardening Steel Bars._--Can any of your readers inform me how thin, flat,
+steel bars (say three feet long) can be prevented from "running" crooked
+when hardened in water?
+
+J. H. A.
+
+_Pierrepont._--Who was John Pierrepont of Wadworth, near Doncaster, who
+died July, 1653, aged 75.
+
+A. F. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+_Ceylon._--I should be much obliged to SIR JAMES TENNENT, if he would
+kindly inform me where the best map of Ceylon is to be got? such as are to
+be found in the atlases within my reach are only good enough to try a man's
+temper, and no more.
+
+May I also take the liberty of asking how soon we may expect the appearance
+of SIR JAMES TENNENT'S book on the history, &c. of Ceylon? a work which
+will be a great work indeed, if we have at all a fair specimen of its
+author's learning and powers in the _Christianity in Ceylon_.
+
+AJAX.
+
+_Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting._--Would any of your correspondents
+direct me to some work giving me some information about the painters of the
+Dutch and Flemish schools, their biographers, their peculiarities,
+chefs-d'oeuvre, &c.?
+
+AJAX.
+
+"_To talk like a Dutch Uncle._"--In some parts of America, when a person
+has determined to give another a regular lecture, he will often be heard to
+say, "I will talk to him like a Dutch uncle;" that is, he shall not escape
+this time.
+
+As the emigrants to America from different countries have brought their
+national sayings with them, and as the one I am now writing about was
+doubtless introduced by the Knickerbockers, may I ask if a similar
+expression is now known or used in Holland?
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Belgium_.--I want some work on this subject:
+can any one tell me of one?
+
+N.B.--A big book does not frighten me.
+
+AJAX.
+
+_Charter of Waterford._--I have a copy of the English translation of this
+charter, published in Kilkenny, with the following note, written in an old
+hand, on the title-page:
+
+    "This was first translated by William Cunningham Cunningham (_sic_), a
+    native of Carrick-on-Suir, born on Ballyrichard Road: his father and
+    brother were blacksmiths; his grand-nephew Cunningham lives now a
+    cowper (_sic_) in New Street in do. town."
+
+I wish to know if this note is worth anything, and if the statement
+contained in it is true?
+
+R. H.
+
+_Inscription on Penny of George III._--On an old penny of George III., on
+the reverse, I find the following inscription:
+
+ "STABIT QVOCVNQVE IECERIS."
+
+What does this precisely mean; or why and when was it adopted?
+
+J. M. A.
+
+_"Shob," or "Shub," a Kentish Word._--Your correspondent on the Kentish
+word _sheets_ (Vol. vi., p. 338.) may possibly be able to give some account
+of another Kentish word, which I have met with in the country about
+Horton-Kirby, Dartford, Crayford, &c., and the which I cannot find in
+Halliwell, or any other dictionary in my possession,--viz. to _shob_ or
+_shub_. It is applied to the trimming up elm-trees in the hedge-rows, by
+cutting away all the branches except at the head: "to shob the trees" is
+the expression. Now, in German we have _schaben_, v. r. to shave; but in
+the Anglo-Saxon I find nothing nearer than _scaf_, part. _scof_, to shave.
+
+A. C. M.
+
+Exeter.
+
+_Bishop Pursglove (Suffragan) of Hull._--This prelate is buried in
+Tideswell Church, Devonshire, and a copy of his monumental brass is given
+in _Illustrations of Monumental Brasses_, published in 1842 by the
+Cambridge Camden Society. Perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." who has access
+to that work will send the inscription for insertion in your columns. Any
+information also as {66} to his consecration, character, and period of
+decease, would be acceptable. What is the best work on English Suffragan
+bishops? I believe Wharton's _Suffragans_ (which, however, I do not possess
+to refer to) is far from being complete or correct. It would be interesting
+to have a complete list of such bishops, with the names of their sees, and
+dates of consecration and demise. I find no Suffragan bishop after Bishop
+John Sterne, consecrated for Colchester 12th November, 1592, and this from
+the valuable list in Percival's _Apol. for Ap. Suc._
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Stewarts of Holland._--In the year 1739 there lived in Holland a
+Lieutenant Dougal Stewart, of the Dutch service, who was married to Susan,
+daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Fairfowl, of Bracindam. He was descended
+from the ancient Scottish family of Stewarts of Appin, in Argyleshire; and
+this Query is to inquire whether anything is known regarding him or his
+descendants, if he had such? This might find a reply in _De Navorscher_
+perhaps.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh, 1543._--Is there any detailed
+account of this prelate extant? The few particulars I have been able to
+glean respecting him are merely that he was a native of Scotland, and
+Doctor in Divinity of the University of Paris, where he probably studied
+theology, as was common with Scottish ecclesiastics of that day. He arrived
+in Ireland about the year 1541, and is memorable for the glory, or shame,
+of being the first who introduced the Jesuit order into that country. Pope
+Paul III. nominated him to the primatial see of Armagh, after the death of
+Archbishop Cromer in 1543, and during the lifetime of Archbishop Dowdal,
+who was a Catholic also, but being appointed Archbishop of Armagh in
+November 1543, by King Henry VIII., was not acknowledged at Rome as such.
+_Waucup_, as his name is also spelt, and Latinized "Venantius," never
+appears, however, to have been able to obtain regular possession of the see
+of Armagh and primacy of Ireland, being merely titular archbishop. Some
+accounts state that he was blind from his childhood, but others say, and
+probably more correctly, that he was only short-sighted. He was present at
+the Council of Trent in 1545-47, being one of the four Irish prelates who
+attended there; and, in _Hist. del Concil. Trid._, l. ii. p. 144., he is
+alluded to as having been esteemed the _best at riding post in the
+world!_--"Huomo di brevissima vista era commendato di questa, di correr
+alla posta meglio d'huomo del mondo." I should like much to ascertain the
+date and place of his birth, consecration, and death.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+_Plum-pudding._--Can any of your readers inform me of the origin of the
+following custom, and whether the ceremony is still continued? I can find
+no mention of it in any topographical dictionary or history of Devon, but
+it was copied from an old newspaper, bearing date June 7, 1809:
+
+    "At Paignton Fair, near Exeter, the ancient custom of drawing through
+    the town a plum-pudding of an immense size, and afterwards distributing
+    it to the populace, _was revived_ on Tuesday last. The ingredients
+    which composed this enormous pudding were as follows: 400 lbs. of
+    flour, 170 lbs. of beef suet, 140 lbs. of raisins, and 240 eggs. It was
+    kept constantly boiling in a brewer's copper from Saturday morning to
+    the Tuesday following, when it was placed on a car decorated with
+    ribbons, evergreens, &c., and drawn along the street by eight oxen."
+
+EVERARD HORNE COLEMAN.
+
+"_Whene'er I asked._"--I shall be very glad to know the author and the
+exact whereabouts of the following lines, which I find quoted in a MS.
+letter written from London to America, and dated 22nd October, 1767:
+
+ "Whene'er I ask'd for blessings on your head,
+  Nothing was cold or formal that I said;
+  My warmest vows to Heaven were made for thee,
+  And love still mingled with my piety."
+
+W. B. R.
+
+Philadelphia, U. S.
+
+_Immoral Works._--What ought to be done with works of this class? It is
+easy to answer, "destroy them:" but you and I know, and Mr. Macaulay has
+acknowledged, that it is often necessary to rake into the filthiest
+channels for historical and biographical evidence. I, personally, doubt
+whether we are justified in destroying _any_ evidence, however loathsome
+and offensive it may be. What, then, are we to do with it? It is impossible
+to keep such works in a private library, even under lock and key, for death
+opens locks more certainly than Mr. Hobbs himself. I think such ought to be
+preserved in the British Museum, entered in its catalogue, but only
+permitted to be seen on good reasons formally assigned in writing, and not
+then allowed to pass into the reading-room. What is the rule at the Museum?
+
+I ask these questions because I have, by accident, become possessed of a
+poem (about 1500 lines) which professes to be written by Lord Byron, is
+addressed to Thomas Moore, and was printed abroad many years since. It
+begins,--
+
+ "Thou ermin'd judge, pull off that sable cap."
+
+More specific reference will not be necessary for those who have seen the
+work. Is the writer known? I am somewhat surprised that not one of Byron's
+friends has, so far as I know, hinted a denial of the authorship; for,
+scarce as {67} the work may be, I suppose some of them must have seen it;
+and, under existing circumstances, it is possible that a copy might get
+into the hands of a desperate creature who would hope to make a profit, by
+republishing it with Byron's and Moore's names in the title-page.
+
+I. W.
+
+_Arms at Bristol._--In a window now repairing in Bristol Cathedral is this
+coat:--Arg. on a chevron or (_false heraldry_), three stags' heads
+caboshed. Whose coat is this? It is engraved in Lysons' _Gloucestershire
+Antiquities_ without name.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Passage in Thomson._--In Thomson's "Hymn to the Seasons," line 28, occurs
+the following passage:
+
+ "But wandering oft, with brute, unconscious gaze,
+  Man marks not Thee; marks not the mighty hand
+  That, ever busy, wheels the silent spheres;
+  Works in the secret deep; shoots, _steaming_, thence
+  The fair profusion that o'erspreads the spring," &c.
+
+Can any of your readers oblige by saying whether the word _steaming_, in
+the fourth line of the quotation, is the correct reading? If so, in what
+sense it can be understood? if not, whether _teeming_ is not probably the
+correct word?
+
+W. M. P.
+
+"_For God will be your King to-day._"--
+
+ "For God will be your King to-day,
+    And I'll be general under."
+
+My grandmother, who was a native of Somersetshire, and born in 1750, used
+to recite a ballad to my mother, when a child, of which the above lines are
+the only ones remembered.
+
+Do they refer to the rising under the Duke of Monmouth? And where can the
+whole of the ballad be found?
+
+M. A. S.
+
+35. Dover Road.
+
+"_See where the startled wild fowl._"--Where are the following lines to be
+found? I copy them from the print of Landseer's, called "The Sanctuary."
+
+ "See where the startled wild fowl screaming rise,
+  And seek in martial flight those golden skies.
+  Yon wearied swimmer scarce can win the land,
+  His limbs yet falter on the wat'ry strand.
+  Poor hunted hart! the painful struggle o'er,
+  How blest the shelter of that island shore!
+  There, while he sobs his panting heart to rest,
+  Nor hound nor hunter shall his lair molest."
+
+G. B. W.
+
+_Ascension-day._--Was "Ascension-day" ever kept a close holiday the same as
+Good Friday and Christmas-day? And, if so, when was such custom disused?
+
+H. A. HAMMOND.
+
+_The Grogog of a Castle._--It appears by a record of the Irish Exchequer of
+3 Edw. II., that one Walter Haket, constable of Maginnegan's Castle in the
+co. of Dublin, confined one of the King's officers in the _Grogog_ thereof.
+Will you permit me to inquire, whether this term has been applied to the
+prison of castles in England?
+
+J. F. F.
+
+Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CANONGATE MARRIAGES.
+
+(Vol. v., p. 320.)
+
+I had hoped that the inquiry of R. S. F. would have drawn out some of your
+Edinburgh correspondents; but, as they are silent upon a subject they might
+have invested with interest, allow me to say a word upon these Canongate
+marriages. I need not, I think, tell R. S. F. how loosely our countrymen,
+at the period alluded to, and long subsequent thereto, looked upon the
+marriage tie; as almost every one who has had occasion to touch upon our
+_domestic_ manners and customs has pointed at, what appeared to them, and
+what really was, an anomaly in the character of a nation somewhat boastful
+of their better order and greater sense of propriety and decorum.
+
+Besides the incidental notices of travellers, the legal records of Scotland
+are rife with examples of litigation arising out of these irregular
+marriages; and upon a review of the whole history of such in the north, it
+cannot be denied that, among our staid forefathers, "matrimony was more a
+matter of merriment"[2] than a solemn and religious engagement.
+
+The Courts in Scotland usually _frowned_ upon cases submitted to them where
+there was a strong presumption that either party had been victimised by the
+other; but, unfortunately, the requirements were so simple, and the
+facility of procuring witnesses so great, that many a poor frolicksome
+fellow paid dearly for his joke by finding himself suddenly transformed,
+from a bachelor, to a spick and span Benedict; and that too upon evidences
+which would not in these days have sent a fortune-telling impostor to the
+tread-mill: the lords of the justiciary being content that some one had
+heard him use the endearing term of wife to the pursuer, or had witnessed a
+mock form at an obscure public-house, or that the parties were by habit and
+repute man and wife. How truly then may it have been said, that a man in
+the Northern Capital, so open to imposition, scarcely knew whether he was
+married or not.
+
+In cases where the ceremony was performed, it {68} did not follow that the
+priest of Hymen should be of the clerical profession:
+
+ "To tie the knot," says John Hope, "there needed none;
+  He'd find a clown, in brown, or gray,
+  Booted and spurr'd, should preach and pray;
+  And, without stir, grimace, or docket,
+  Lug out a pray'r-book from his pocket;
+  And tho' he blest in wond'rous haste,
+  Should tie them most securely fast."
+                      _Thoughts_, 1780.
+
+In Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_, there is a slight allusion to
+these Canongate marriages:
+
+    "The White Horse Inn," says he, "in a close in the Canongate, is an
+    exceedingly interesting old house of entertainment. It was also
+    remarkable for the runaway couples from England, who were married in
+    its large room."
+
+The White Hart, in the Grass-market, appears to have been another of these
+Gretna Green houses.
+
+A curious fellow, well known in Edinburgh at the period referred to, was
+the high priest of the Canongate hymeneal altar. I need hardly say this was
+the famous "Claudero, the son of Nimrod the Mighty Hunter," as he
+grandiloquently styled himself: otherwise James Wilson, a disgraced
+schoolmaster, and poet-laureate to the Edinburgh _canaille_. In the large
+rooms of the above inns, this comical fellow usually presided, and
+administered relief to gallant swains and love-sick damsels, and a most
+lucrative trade he is said to have made of it:--
+
+ "Claudero's skull is ever dull,
+  Without the sterling shilling:"
+
+in allusion to their being called half-merk or shilling marriages.
+
+Chambers gives an illustrative anecdote of our subjects' matrimonial
+practices in that of a soldier and a countryman seeking from Wilson a cast
+of his office: from the first Claudero took his shilling, but demanded from
+the last a fee of five, observing--
+
+    "I'll hae this sodger ance a week a' the times he's in Edinburgh, and
+    you (the countryman) I winna see again."
+
+The Scottish poetical antiquary is familiar with this eccentric character;
+but it may not be uninteresting to your general readers to add, that when
+public excitement in Edinburgh ran high against the Kirk, the lawyers,
+meal-mongers, or other _rogues_ in _grain_, Claudero was the vehicle
+through which the democratic voice found vent in squibs and broadsides
+fired at the offending party or obnoxious measure from his lair in the
+Canongate.
+
+In his _Miscellanies_, Edin. 1766, now before me, Claudero's cotemporary,
+Geordie Boick, in a poetical welcome to London, thus compliments Wilson,
+and bewails the condition of the modern Athens under its bereavement of the
+poet:
+
+ "The ballad-singers and the printers,
+  Must surely now have starving winters;
+  Their press they may break a' in splinters,
+                      I'm told they swear,
+  Claudero's Muse, alas! we've tint her
+                      For ever mair."
+
+For want of Claudero's _lash_, his eulogist goes on to say:
+
+ "Now Vice may rear her hydra head,
+  And strike defenceless Virtue dead;
+  Religion's heart may melt and bleed,
+                      With grief and sorrow,
+  Since Satire from your streets is fled,
+                      Poor Edenburrow!"
+
+Claudero was, notwithstanding, a sorry poet, a lax moralist, and a sordid
+parson; but peace to the manes of the man, or his successor in the latter
+office, who gave me in that same long room of the White Horse in the
+Canongate of Edinburgh the best parents son was ever blest with!
+
+J. O.
+
+[Footnote 2: _Letters from Edinburgh_, London, 1776. See also, _Letters
+from a Gentleman in Scotland to his Friend in England_ (commonly called
+_Burt's Letters_): London, 1754.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADY KATHERINE GREY.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 578.)
+
+There appears to be some doubt if the alleged marriage ever did take place,
+for I find, in Baker's _Chronicles_, p. 334., that in 1563 "divers great
+persons were questioned and condemned, but had their lives spared," and
+among them--
+
+    "Lady Katherine Grey, daughter to Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, by the
+    eldest daughter of Charles Brandon, having formerly been married to the
+    Earl of Pembroke's eldest son, and from him soon after lawfully
+    divorced, was some years after found to be with child by Edward Seymour
+    Earl of Hartford, who, being at that time in France, was presently sent
+    for: and being examined before the Archbishop of Canterbury, and
+    affirming they were lawfully married, but not being able within a
+    limited time to produce witnesses of their marriage, they were both
+    committed to the Tower."
+
+After some further particulars of the birth of a second child in the Tower,
+the discharge of the Lieutenant, Sir Edward Warner, and the fining of the
+Earl by the Star Chamber, to the extent of 5000l., the narrative proceeds:
+
+    "Though in pleading of his case, one John Hales argued they were lawful
+    man and wife _by virtue of their own bare consent, without any
+    ecclesiastical ceremony_."
+
+Collins, in his _Peerage_ (1735), states:
+
+    "The validity of this marriage being afterwards tried at Common Law,
+    the minister who married them being present, and other circumstances
+    agreeing, the jury (whereof John Digby, Esq., was foreman) found it a
+    good marriage."
+
+{69}
+
+Sharpe, in his _Peerage_ (1833), under the title "Stamford," says:
+
+    "'The manner of her departing' _in the Tower_, which Mr. Ellis has
+    printed from a MS. so entitled in the Harleian Collection, although
+    less terrible, is scarcely less affecting than that of her heroic
+    sister," &c.
+
+Perhaps your correspondent A. S. A. may be enabled to consult this work,
+and so ascertain further particulars.
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HOWLETT THE ENGRAVER.
+
+(Vol. i., p. 321.)
+
+In your first Volume, an inquiry is made for information respecting the
+above person. As I find on referring to the subsequent volumes of "N. & Q."
+that the Query never received any reply, I beg to forward a cutting from
+the Obituary of the _New Monthly Magazine_ for June, 1828, referring to
+Howlett; concerning whom, however, I cannot give any further information.
+
+    "MR. BARTHOLOMEW HOWLETT.
+
+    "Lately in Newington, Surrey, aged sixty, Mr. Bartholomew Howlett,
+    antiquarian, draughtsman, and engraver. This artist was a pupil of Mr.
+    Heath, and for many years devoted his talents to the embellishment of
+    works on topography and antiquities. His principal publication, and
+    which will carry his name down to posterity with respect as an artist,
+    was _A Selection of Views in the County of Lincoln; comprising the
+    Principal Towns and Churches, the Remains of Castles and Religious
+    Houses, and Seats of the Nobility and Gentry; with Topographical and
+    Historical Accounts of each View_. This handsome work was completed in
+    4to. in 1805. The drawings are chiefly by T. Girtin, Nattes, Nash,
+    Corbould, &c., and the engravings are highly creditable to the burin of
+    Mr. Howlett. Mr. Howlett was much employed by the late Mr. Wilkinson on
+    his _Londina Illustrata_; by Mr. Stevenson in his second edition of
+    Bentham's _Ely_; by Mr. Frost, in his recent _Notices of Hull_; and in
+    numerous other topographical works. He executed six plans and views for
+    Major Anderson's _Account of the Abbey of St. Denis_; and occasionally
+    contributed to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, and engraved several plates
+    for it. In 1817, Mr. Howlett issued proposals for _A Topographical
+    Account of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, illustrated by
+    Engravings_. These were to have been executed from drawings by himself,
+    of which he made several, and also formed considerable collections; but
+    we believe he only published one number, consisting of three plates and
+    no letter-press. We hope the manuscripts he has left may form a
+    groundwork for a future topographer. They form part of the large
+    collections for Surrey, in the hands of Mr. Tytam. In 1826, whilst the
+    Royal Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katharine, near the Tower,
+    was pulling down, he made a series of drawings on the spot, which it
+    was his intention to have engraved and published. But the greatest
+    effort of his pencil was in the service of his kind patron and friend,
+    John Caley, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., keeper of the records in the
+    Augmentation Office. For this gentleman Mr. Howlett made finished
+    drawings from upwards of a thousand original seals of the monastic and
+    religious houses of this kingdom."
+
+B. HUDSON.
+
+Congleton, Cheshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHAUCER.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 603.)
+
+In reference to the question raised by J. N. B., what authority there is
+for asserting that Chaucer pursued the study of the law at the Temple, I
+send you the following extract from a sketch of his life by one of his
+latest biographers, Sir Harris Nicolas:
+
+    "It has been said that Chaucer was originally intended for the law, and
+    that, from some cause which has not reached us, and on which it would
+    be idle to speculate, the design was abandoned. The acquaintance he
+    possessed with the classics, with divinity, with astronomy, with so
+    much as was then known of chemistry, and indeed with every other branch
+    of the scholastic learning of the age, proves that his education had
+    been particularly attended to; and his attainments render it impossible
+    to believe that he quitted college at the early period at which persons
+    destined for a military life usually began their career. It was not
+    then the custom for men to pursue learning for its own sake; and the
+    most rational manner of accounting for the extent of Chaucer's
+    acquirements, is to suppose that he was educated for a learned
+    profession. The knowledge he displays of divinity would make it more
+    likely that he was intended for the church than for the bar, were it
+    not that the writings of the Fathers were generally read by all classes
+    of students. One writer says that Chaucer was a member of the Inner
+    Temple, and that while there he was fined two shillings for beating a
+    Franciscan friar in Fleet Street[3]; and another (Leland) observes,
+    that after he had travelled in France, 'collegia leguleiorum
+    frequentavit.' Nothing, however, is positively known of Chaucer until
+    the autumn of 1359, when he himself says he was in the army with which
+    Edward III. invaded France, and that he served for the first time on
+    that occasion."
+
+The following remarks are from the _Life of Chaucer_, by William Godwin,
+Lond. 1803, vol. i. p. 357.:
+
+    "The authority which of late has been principally relied upon with
+    respect to Chaucer's legal education is that of Mr. Speght, who, in his
+    _Life of Chaucer_, says, 'Not many yeeres since, Master Buckley did see
+    a record in the same house [the Inner Temple], where Geoffrey Chaucer
+    was fined two shillings for beating a Franciscane fryar in
+    Fleet-streete.' This certainly {70} would be excellent evidence, were
+    it not for the dark and ambiguous manner in which it is produced. I
+    should have been glad that Mr. Speght had himself seen the record,
+    instead of Master Buckley, of whom I suppose no one knows who he is:
+    why did he not? I should have been better satisfied if the authority
+    had not been introduced with so hesitating and questionable a phrase as
+    'not many yeeres since;' and I also think that it would have been
+    better if Master Buckley had given us the date annexed to the record;
+    as we should then at least have had the satisfaction of knowing whether
+    it did not belong to some period before our author was born, or after
+    he had been committed to the grave. Much stress, therefore, cannot be
+    laid upon the supposition of Chaucer having belonged to the Society of
+    the Inner Temple."
+
+TYRO.
+
+Dublin.
+
+[Footnote 3: "Speght, who states that a Mr. Buckley had seen a record of
+the Inner Temple to that effect."--_Note by Sir H. N._]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.
+
+_Pyrogallic Acid_ (Vol. vi., p. 612.).--In answer to the Query of your
+correspondent E. S., I beg to give the following method of preparing
+pyrogallic acid (first published by Dr. Stenhouse), which I have tried and
+found perfectly successful.
+
+Make a strong aqueous infusion of powdered galls; pour it off from the
+undissolved residue, and carefully evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat:
+towards the conclusion of the process the extract is very liable to burn;
+this is best prevented by continued stirring with a glass or porcelain
+spatula. Next, procure a flat-bottomed iron pan, about ten inches diameter
+and five inches deep. Make a hat of cartridge paper pasted together, about
+seven inches high, to slip over and accurately fit the top of the iron pan.
+Strew the bottom of the pan with the gall extract to the depth of
+three-quarters of an inch; over the top stretch and tie a piece of bibulous
+paper pierced with numerous pin-holes; over this place the hat, and tie it
+also tightly round the top of the pan.
+
+The whole apparatus is now to be placed in a sand-bath, and heat cautiously
+applied. It is convenient to place a glass thermometer in the sand-bath as
+near the iron pan as possible. The heat is to be continued about an hour,
+and to be kept as near 420° Fah. as possible; on no account is it to exceed
+450°. The vapour of the acid condenses in the hat, and the crystals are
+prevented from falling back into the pan by the bibulous paper diaphragm.
+When it is supposed that the whole of the acid is sublimed, the strings are
+to be untied, and the hat and diaphragm cautiously taken off together; the
+crystals will be found in considerable quantity, and should be removed into
+a stoppered bottle; they should be very brilliant and perfectly white; if
+there is any yellow tinge, the heat has been too great.
+
+I believe that close attention to the above details will ensure success to
+any one who chooses to try the process, but at the same time I must remind
+your correspondents that scarcely any operation in chemistry is perfectly
+successful the first time of trial.
+
+J. G. H.
+
+Clapham.
+
+_Stereoscopic Pictures with One Camera_ (Vol. vi., p. 587.).--In reply to
+the inquiry of RAMUS, allow me to say the matter is not difficult. My plan
+is as follows:--Suppose a piece of still-life to be the subject. Set up the
+camera at such a distance as will give a picture of the size intended,
+suppose it sixteen feet from the principal and central object; by means of
+a measuring tape or a piece of string, measure the exact distance from the
+principal object to the front of the camera. Take and complete the first
+picture; if it prove successful, remove the camera about two feet either to
+the right or left of its first station (_i.e._ according to the judgment
+formed as to which will afford the most artistic view of the subject),
+taking care by help of the tape or string to preserve the same distance
+between the principal object and the camera, and that the adjustment of
+focus is not disturbed. In other words, the camera must be moved to another
+part of the arc of a circle, of which the principal object is the centre,
+and the measured distance the radius. If the arc through which the camera
+is moved to its second station be too large, the stereoscopic picture will
+be unnaturally and unpleasingly distorted. The second picture is now to be
+taken.
+
+If the subject be a sitter, it is of the utmost importance to proceed as
+quickly as possible, as the identical position must be retained movelessly
+till both pictures are completed. This (in my experience) is scarcely
+practicable with collodion pictures, unless by the aid of an assistant and
+two levelled developing-stands in the dark closet; for the time occupied by
+starting the first picture on its development, and preparing the second
+glass plate (scarcely less than three or four minutes), will be a heavy tax
+on the quiescent powers of the sitter. This difficulty is avoided by
+adopting the Daguerreotype process, as the plates can be prepared
+beforehand, and need not be developed before both pictures are taken. In
+this case the only delay between the pictures is in the shifting the
+position of the camera. This is readily done by providing a table of
+suitable height (instead of the ordinary tripod), on which an arc of a
+circle is painted, having for its centre the place of the sitter. If the
+sitter be at the distance of eleven or twelve feet (my usual distance with
+a 3¼ inch Voightlander), the camera need not be moved more than ten or
+twelve inches; and even this distance produces some visible distortion to
+an accurate observer.
+
+The second levelling stand is required when using the collodion process,
+because the second {71} picture will be ready for development before the
+developing and fixing of the first has set its stand at liberty.
+
+COKELY.
+
+_Mr. Crookes' Wax-paper Process_ (Vol. vi., p. 613.).--R. E. wishes to know
+the exact meaning of the sentence, "With the addition of as _much free
+iodine_ as will give it a sherry colour." After adding the iodide of
+potassium to the water, a small quantity of iodine (this can be proctored
+at any operative chemist's) is to be dissolved in the mixture until it be
+of the proper colour.
+
+The paper is decidedly more sensitive if exposed wet, but it should not be
+washed; and I think it is advisable to have a double quantity of nitrate of
+silver in the exciting bath. I have not yet tried any other salt than
+iodide of potassium for the first bath; but I hope before the summer to lay
+before your readers a simpler, and I think superior wax-paper process, upon
+which I am at present experimenting.
+
+WILLIAM CROOKES.
+
+Hammersmith.
+
+P.S.--I see that in the tables R. E. has given, he has nearly doubled the
+strength of my iodine bath. It should be twenty-four grains to the ounce,
+instead of forty-four; and he has entirely left out the iodine.
+
+_India Rubber a Substitute for Yellow Glass._--I think that I have made a
+discovery which may be useful to photographers. It is known that some kinds
+of yellow glass effectually obstruct the passage of the chemical rays, and
+that other kinds do not, according to the manner in which the glass is
+prepared.
+
+I have never heard or read of India rubber being used for this purpose; but
+I believe it will be found perfectly efficient, and will therefore state
+how I arrived at this conclusion.
+
+Having occasion to remove a slate from the side of my roof, to make an
+opening for my camera, I thought of a sheet of India rubber to supply the
+place of the slate, and thus obtain a flexible waterproof covering to
+exclude the wet, and to open and shut at pleasure. This succeeded
+admirably, but I found that I had also obtained a deep rich yellow window,
+which perfectly lighted a large closet, previously quite dark, and in which
+for the last ten days I have excited and developed the most sensitive
+iodized collodion on glass. I therefore simply announce the fact, as it may
+be of some importance, if verified by others and by further experiment. I
+have not yet tested it with a lens and the solution of sulphite of quinine,
+as I wished the sun to shine on the sheet of India rubber at the time,
+which would decide the question. However, sheet India rubber can be
+obtained of any size and thickness required: mine is about one-sixteenth of
+an inch thick, and one foot square; and the advantages over glass would be
+great in some cases, especially for a dark tent in the open air, as any
+amount of light might be obtained by stitching a sheet of India rubber into
+the side, which would fold up without injury. It is possible that gutta
+percha windows would answer the same purpose.
+
+H. Y. W. N.
+
+Brompton.
+
+_Dr. Diamond's Paper Processes._--We have been requested to call attention
+to, and to correct several errors of the press overlooked by us in DR.
+DIAMOND'S article, in the hurry of preparing our enlarged Number (No.
+166.). The most important is in the account of the _exciting_ fluid,--the
+omission, at p. 21. col. 1. l. 47. (after directions to take one drachm of
+aceto-nitrate of silver), of the words "_one drachm of saturated solution
+of gallic acid_." The passage should run thus: "Of this solution take one
+drachm, and one drachm of saturated solution of gallic acid, and add to it
+two ounces and a half of distilled water."
+
+In the same page, col. 2. l. 13., "solvent" should be "saturated;" and in
+the same article, _passim_, "hyposulphate" should be "hyposulphite," and
+"solari_s_e" should be "solari_z_e."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ancient Timber Town-halls._--Since my account of ancient town-halls (Vol.
+v., p. 470.) was written, one of these fabrics of the olden time noticed
+therein has ceased to exist, that of Kington, co. Hereford, it having been
+taken down early in November last, but for what reason I have not learned.
+Another, formerly standing in the small town of Church Stretton, in the co.
+of Salop, which was erected upon wooden pillars, and constructed entirely
+of timber, must have been a truly picturesque building, was taken down in
+September, 1840. A woodcut of the latter is now before me. Of the old
+market-house at Leominster I possess a very beautiful original drawing,
+done by Mr. Carter upwards of half a century ago.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+_Magnetic Intensity_ (Vol. vi., p. 578.).--The magnetic intensity is
+greatest at the poles; the ratio may roughly be said to be 1.3, but more
+accurately 1 to 2.906. This is found by observation of the oscillations of
+a vertical or horizontal needle. A needle which made 245 oscillations in
+ten minutes at Paris, made only 211 at 7° 1' south lat. in Peru. The
+intensity and variations to which it is subject is strictly noted at all
+the magnetic observatories, and I believe the disturbances of intensity
+which sometimes occur have been found to be simultaneous by a comparison of
+observations at different latitudes.
+
+For the fullest information on magnetic intensity, ADSUM is referred to
+Sabine's _Report on_ {72} _Magnetic Intensity_, also Sabine's
+_Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism_, 1843, No. V.
+
+T. B.
+
+_Monument at Wadstena_ (Vol. vi., pp. 388. 518.).--I have received the
+following (which I translate) from my friend in Denmark, whom I mentioned
+in my last communication on this monument:
+
+    "It is only about a month since I saw Queen Philippa's tombstone in the
+    church of Vadstena Monastery. It is a very large stone, on which the
+    device and inscription are cut in outline, but there is no _brass_
+    about it. King Erik Menved's and Queen Ingeberg's monument in Ringsted
+    Church is the finest brass I ever saw, and I have seen many."
+
+There is a good engraving of the brass alluded to, which is a very rich
+one, in _Antiquariske Annaler_, vol. iii.: Copenhagen, 1820. The
+inscriptions are curious, and the date 1319.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_David Routh, R. C. Bishop of Ossory_ (Vol. iii., p. 169.).--In the article
+on a Cardinal's Monument, by MR. J. GRAVES, of Kilkenny, allusion is made
+to the monument of the above Catholic Bishop Routh or Rothe, as being in
+the Cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, with his arms "surmounted by a
+_cardinal's hat_," and that he died some years after 1643. If MR. GRAVES
+would give the date of this prelate's decease, or rather a copy of the full
+inscription on his monument, with a notice of the sculptured armorial
+bearings thereupon, he would be conferring a favour on a distant inquirer;
+and as MR. GRAVES is, apparently, a resident at Kilkenny, no obstacle
+exists to prevent his complying with this request.
+
+Any notices procurable regarding Bishop Routh are well deserving of
+insertion in "N. & Q.," for he was a man of deep learning and research, and
+is well known to have assisted the celebrated Archbishop Ussher of Armagh
+in the compilation of his _Primordia_, for which he had high compliments
+paid him by that eminent prelate, notwithstanding their being of different
+religions.
+
+Bishop Routh was also himself the author of a work on _Irish Ecclesiastical
+History_, now very rare, and seldom procurable complete. He published it
+anonymously, in two volumes 8vo., in the year 1617, at "Coloniæ, apud
+Steph. Rolinum," with the following rather long title:
+
+    "Analecta Sacra, Nova, et Mira, de Rebus Catholicorum in Hibernia:
+    Divisa in tres partes, quarum I, Continet semestrem gravaminam
+    relationem, secundâ hac editione novis adauctam additamentis, et Notis
+    illustratam. II. Parænesin ad Martyres designatos. III. Processum
+    Martyrialem quorundam Fidei Pugilium; Collectore et Relatore, T. N.
+    Philadelpho."
+
+I fear this has degenerated from a Note into a Query; however, I may state
+in conclusion, that MR. GRAVES is in error in styling the hat on Bishop
+Routh's monument a cardinal's, for all Catholic prelates, and abbots also,
+have their armorial bearings surmounted by a hat, exactly similar to a
+cardinal's hat, with this difference only, that the number of tassels
+depending from it varies according to the rank of the prelate, from the
+_cardinal's_ with fifteen tassels in five rows, down to that of a _prior_
+with three only on each side in two rows.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Cardinal Erskine_ (Vol. ii., p. 406.; Vol. iii., p. 13.).--Several notices
+of this ecclesiastic have appeared in "N. & Q.," but as none of them give
+the exact information required, I now do so, though perhaps tardily. He was
+born 13th February, 1753, at Rome, where his father, Colin Erskine, a
+Jacobite, and exiled scion of the noble Scottish house of Erskine, Earls of
+Kellie, had taken up his residence. "Monsignor Charles Erskine," having
+embraced the ecclesiastical life at an early age, and passed through
+several gradations in the Church of Rome, was, in 1785, "Promotore della
+Fede," an office of the Congregation of Rites; in 1794 auditor to Pope Pius
+VI., and raised to the purple by Pope Pius VII., who created him a
+_Cardinal_-Deacon of the Holy Roman Church, 25th February, 1801. Cardinal
+Erskine accompanied the latter pontiff in his exile from Rome in the year
+1809, and died at Paris, 19th March, 1811, in the fifty-eighth year of his
+age, and eleventh of his cardinalate.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_"Ne'er to these chambers," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 14.).--In reply to ARAM'S
+Query: "Where do these lines come from?" they come from Tickell's sublime
+and pathetic "Elegy on the Death of Addison." ARAM ("Wits have short
+memories," &c.) has _misquoted_ them. In a poem of so high a mood, to
+_displace_ a word is to destroy a beauty. ARAM has _interpolated_ several
+words. The following is the _true_ version:
+
+ "Ne'er to these chambers, where the mighty rest,
+  Since their foundation, came a nobler guest,
+  Nor e'er was to the bowers of bliss convey'd
+  A fairer spirit, or more welcome shade."
+
+GEORGE DANIEL.
+
+Canonbury.
+
+These lines are taken from the "Elegy on the Death of Addison," written by
+Tickell. They are, if I remember rightly, inscribed on the gravestone
+recently placed over his remains by the Earl of Ellesmere, in the north
+aisle of Henry VII.'s Chapel. The last two lines which your correspondent
+quotes should be as follows:
+
+ "Nor _e'er was to the bowers of bliss convey'd_
+  A _fairer_ spirit, or more welcome shade."
+
+J. K. R. W.
+
+{73}
+
+_The Budget_ (Vol. vi., p. 604.).--It may be useful to inform
+PRESTONIENSIS, that, in a recent work on political economy, M. Ch. Coquelin
+says, that the word _budget_, in its present signification, has passed into
+France from England: the latter country having first borrowed it from the
+old French language--_bougette_ signifying (and particularly in old Norman)
+a leather purse. It was the custom in England to put into a leather bag the
+estimates of receipts and expenditure presented to parliament: and hence,
+as Coquelin observes, the term passed from the containant to the contained,
+and, with this new signification, returned from this country into France;
+where it was first used in an official manner in the _arrêtés_ of the
+Consul's 4th Themidor, year X, and 17th Germinal, year XI.
+
+F. H.
+
+"_Catching a Tartar_" (Vol. vi., p. 317.).--This common and expressive
+saying is thus explained in Arvine's _Cyclopædia_:
+
+    "In some battle between the Russians and the Tartars, who are a wild
+    sort of people in the north of Asia, a private soldier called out,
+    'Captain, halloo there! I've caught a Tartar!' 'Fetch him along then,'
+    said the Captain. 'Ay, but he won't let me,' said the man. And the fact
+    was the Tartar had caught him. So when a man thinks to take another in,
+    and gets himself bit, they say he's caught a Tartar."
+
+Grose says that this saying originated with an Irish soldier who was in the
+"Imperial," that is, I suppose he means the Austrian service. This is
+hardly probable; the Irish are made to father many sayings which do not
+rightly belong to them, and this I think may be safely written as one among
+the number.
+
+EIRIONNACH has now two references before him, Grose's _Glossary_ and
+Arvine's _Cyclopædia_, in which his Query is partly explained, if he can
+but find the dates of their publication. In this search I regret I cannot
+assist him, as neither of these works are to be found in the libraries of
+this island; at least thus far I have not been able to meet with them.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_The Termination "-itis"_ (Vol. vii., p. 13.).--ADSUM asks: "What is the
+derivation of the term _-itis_, used principally in medical words, and
+these signifying, inflammation?" If "N. & Q." were a medical journal, the
+question might be answered at length, to the great advantage of the
+profession; for, of late years, this termination has been tacked on by
+medical writers, especially foreigners, to words of all kinds, in utter
+defiance of the rules of language: as if a Greek affix were quite a natural
+ending to a Latin or French noun. _-itis_ can with propriety be appended
+only to those Greek nouns whose adjectives end in [Greek: -itês]: _e.g._
+[Greek: pleura, pleuritês]; [Greek: keras, keratitês], &c. [Greek:
+Pleuritis] is used by Hippocrates. [Greek: Pleura] means the membrane
+lining the side of the chest: [Greek: pleuritis] ([Greek: nodos]
+understood) is morbus lateralis, the side-disease, or pleurisy. In the same
+manner _keratitis_ is a very legitimate synonym for disease of the horny
+coat (cornea) of the eye. But medical writers, disregarding the rules of
+language, have, for some years past, revelled in the use of their favourite
+_-itis_ to a most ludicrous extent. Thus, from _cornea_, they make
+"corneitis," and describe an inflammation of the crystalline lens as
+_lentitis_. Nay, some French and German writers on diseases of the eyes
+have coined the monstrous word "Descemetitis," on the ground that one
+Monsieur Descemet discovered a structure in the eye, which, out of
+compliment to him, was called "the membrane of Descemet."
+
+JAYDEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+DEFENCE OF USURY, by BENTHAM. (A Tract.)
+
+TREATISE ON LAW, by MACKINLOCH.
+
+TWO DISCOURSES OF PURGATORY AND PRAYERS FOR THE DEAD, by WM. WAKE. 1687.
+
+WHAT THE CHARTISTS ARE. A Letter to English Working Men, by a
+Fellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848.
+
+LETTER OF CHURCH RATES, by RALPH BARNES. 8vo. London, 1837.
+
+COLMAN'S TRANSLATION OF HORACE DE ARTE POETICA. 4to. 1783.
+
+CASAUBON'S TREATISE ON GREEK AND ROMAN SATIRE.
+
+BOSCAWEN'S TREATISE ON SATIRE. London, 1797.
+
+JOHNSON'S LIVES (Walker's Classics). Vol. I.
+
+TITMARSH'S PARIS SKETCH-BOOK. Post 8vo. Vol. I. Macrone, 1840.
+
+ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON'S WORKS. Vol. IV. 8vo Edition. 1819.
+
+FIELDING'S WORKS. Vol. XI. (being second of "Amelia.") 12mo. 1808.
+
+HOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 8vo. 1789.
+
+OTWAY. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 1768.
+
+EDMONDSON'S HERALDRY. Vol. II. Folio, 1780.
+
+SERMONS AND TRACTS, by W. ADAMS, D.D.
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for January 1851.
+
+BEN JONSON'S WORKS. (London, 1716. 6 Vols.) Vol. II. wanted.
+
+THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE. (Original Edition.) Vol. I.
+
+RAPIN'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, 8vo. Vols. I., III. and V. of the CONTINUATION
+by TINDAL. 1744.
+
+SHARPE'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols. 1819. Piccadilly.
+
+INCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman.
+
+MEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to the necessity of infringing on the present Number for the
+Title-page of our Sixth Volume, we are compelled to omit many interesting
+communications, and also our usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _&c._
+
+B. H. C._'s communication on the subject of "Proclamations" has been
+forwarded to_ MR. BRUCE. {74}
+
+A. S. T. _The line is from Prior_:
+
+ "Fine by degrees and beautifully less."
+
+T. M. G. (Worcester) _is thanked_. _As the entire document would not occupy
+any great space, we shall be obliged by the opportunity of inserting it._
+
+NOTES ON OLD LONDON _have only been thrust aside_. _They are intended for
+early insertion._
+
+M. B. C. _We fear this cannot be avoided. The only consolation is, the
+additional interest with which the volumes will be regarded a century
+hence._
+
+N. C. L., _who writes respecting Shaw's_ Stafford MSS., _is requested to
+say how a communication may be forwarded to him_.
+
+A READER, _who writes respecting the "Arnold Family," the same_.
+
+W. S.'s (Sheffield) _communications are at press, and shall have early
+attention_.
+
+J. E. L. _is thanked_. _We can assure him that the present result of much
+consideration and many communications, both by letter and personally, is to
+impress us with the feeling that the majority approve. The book-men shall,
+however, be no losers._
+
+NEW ORDINARY OF ARMS. _The anonymous Correspondent on this subject will
+obtain the information of which he is in search on reference to its Editor,
+Mr. J. W. Papworth, 14 A. Great Marlborough Street, London._
+
+ALDIBORONTOPHOSKOPHORNIO--WORLD WITHOUT A SUN. _The many Correspondents who
+have replied to these Queries are thanked._
+
+C. (Pontefract) _is requested to forward copies of the Queries in
+question_.
+
+REV. E. B. (B***) _is requested to state the subject of his communication.
+In his last very extraordinary letter he has omitted this important piece
+of information._
+
+C. E. F. _who complains of the disappearance of a portion of the collodion
+film at the spot where the hyposulphite of soda is applied, is informed
+that this is by no means an uncommon occurrence, and indicates the feeble
+action of the light at the present time of year. By using the glass a
+little larger than is required, as has been before recommended, and pouring
+the hyposulphite of soda on the portion which is to be cut off, and
+allowing it to flow over the picture, the defect will generally be avoided.
+A much stronger solution of the hyposulphite of soda may be used--say, one
+ounce to two ounces of water; and then, by preserving the solution, and
+using it over and over again, a more agreeable picture is produced. The
+solution, when it becomes weak, may be refreshed by a few crystals of the
+fresh salt added to it._
+
+F. W. _If the bath of nitrate of silver produces the semi-opaque appearance
+upon the collodion, in all probability there is no hyposulphite of soda in
+the bath: three or four drops of tincture of iodine added to each ounce of
+the solution of nitrate of silver in the bath, often acts very
+beneficially. All doubtful solutions of nitrate of silver it is well to
+precipitate by means of common salt, collect the chloride, and reduce it
+again to its metallic state. The paper process described by DR. DIAMOND in
+our 166th Number is calculated both for positives and negatives._
+
+"Notes and Queries" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for JANUARY, price 1s. 6d., or by post 2s. (commencing
+a new volume), contains:
+
+     I. The Hungarian Struggle and Arthur Görgey.
+    II. Scottish Preachers and Preaching.
+   III. Thackeray's History of Colonel Esmond.
+    IV. British South Africa.
+     V. Solwan; or Waters of Comfort.
+    VI. Religious Persecutions in Tuscany.
+   VII. The Distribution of the Representation.
+  VIII. Review of the Month, &c. &.c
+
+This day is published, No. IX., price 1s. (80 pp.),
+
+THE HOMILIST; and Bi-Monthly Pulpit Review.
+
+    CONTENTS:
+
+    HOMILY:--The Historic Forms of Anti-Theism.
+
+    GERMS OF THOUGHT.
+
+    THE GENIUS OF THE GOSPEL:--The Temptation of Christ; or, the Typal
+    Battle of the Good.
+
+    GLANCES AT SOME OF THE GREAT PREACHERS OF ENGLAND:--Hugh Latimer.
+
+    THEOLOGICAL AND PULPIT LITERATURE:--Schleiermacher. Wellington and the
+    Pulpit.
+
+No. X. will be published on the 1st of March.
+
+    WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 1 vol. 8vo., price 9s.
+
+ANCIENT IRISH MINSTRELSY, by REV. W. HAMILTON DRUMMOND, D.D., M.R.S.A.
+
+    "A graceful addition to the lover of Ancient Minstrelsy, whether he be
+    Irishman or not. A man need not be English to enjoy the Chevy Chace,
+    nor Scotch to value the Border Minstrelsy. The extracts we have given
+    from Dr. Drummond's work, so full of force and beauty, will satisfy
+    him, we trust, he need not be Irish to enjoy the fruits of Dr. D.'s
+    labours."--_The Dublin Advocate._
+
+Dublin: HODGES & SMITH, Grafton Street. London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.,
+4. Stationers' Hall Court.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, Vol. I., 2l. 12s. 6d.
+
+DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing Examples,
+by J. K. COLLING, Architect.
+
+No. XXV. of Vol. II. contains:
+
+    West Doorway of North Aisle, Kingsbury Church, Warwick. South Doorway,
+    Ebony Chapel, Kent.
+
+    Corbel from the Mayor's Chapel, Bristol.
+
+    Sedilia and Piscina in the Chantry Chapel, Bitton Church,
+    Gloucestershire.
+
+    Ditto, Ditto, Section and Details.
+
+    Naves, Piers, and Arches, Wittersham Church, Kent. Ditto, Fishtoft
+    Church, Lincoln, Ditto, St. Mary's Church, Scarborough.
+
+Also,
+
+GOTHIC ORNAMENTS,
+
+Being a Series of Examples of enriched Details and Accessories of the
+Architecture of Great Britain. Drawn from existing Authorities by JAMES K.
+COLLING, Architect. 2 vols. 4to., 7l. 10s., cloth.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, and DAVID BOGUE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+To Members of Learned Societies, Authors, &c.
+
+ASHBEE & DANGERFIELD, LITHOGRAPHERS, DRAUGHTSMEN, AND PRINTERS, 18. Broad
+Court, Long Acre.
+
+A. & D. respectfully beg to announce that they devote particular attention
+to the execution of ANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, comprising Autograph
+Letters, Deeds, Charters, Title-pages, Engravings, Woodcuts, &c., which
+they produce from any description of copies with the utmost accuracy, and
+without the slightest injury to the originals.
+
+Among the many purposes to which the art of Lithography is most
+successfully applied, may be specified,--ARCHÆOLOGICAL DRAWINGS,
+Architecture, Landscapes, Marine Views, Portraits from Life or Copies,
+Illuminated MSS., Monumental Brasses, Decorations, Stained Glass Windows,
+Maps, Plans, Diagrams, and every variety of illustrations requisite for
+Scientific and Artistic Publications.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS lithographed with the greatest care and exactness.
+
+LITHOGRAPHIC OFFICES, 18. Broad Court, Long Acre, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Twenty-five Letters of Nelson, near One Hundred interesting Letters of
+    the Duke of Wellington, Important State Papers illustrative of the
+    Reign of George III., and other very valuable Autographs.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, January 24, and
+Two following Days, a Valuable Assemblage of Autograph Letters, in the
+finest preservation; including the Joint Collections of S. J. PRATT and DR.
+MAVOR; amongst which will be found many Letters of great Rarity and
+Interest, Selections from the Fairfax and Rupert Correspondence, &c.
+
+Catalogues will be sent on Application (if in the Country, on receipt of
+Six Stamps).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Theology, Voyages and Travels, American History and Literature, and the
+    celebrated Copy of the Scriptures known as "The Bowyer Bible."
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on SATURDAY, Feb. 26, and
+Five following Days, an Extensive and Valuable Collection of Curious and
+Interesting Voyages and Travels, many of which relate to America, the East
+and West Indies, &c.: also valuable Theological Books, including a large
+Collection of the Works of Puritan Writers; to which is added, the
+Celebrated Copy of the Holy Scriptures, known as
+
+"THE BOWYER BIBLE,"
+
+the most extensively Illustrated Book extant formed at a cost of several
+Thousand Pounds; the elaborately Carved Oak Case to contain the same, &c.
+
+Catalogues are preparing, and may shortly be had.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Recently published, price 2d.
+
+DEATH THE LEVELLER. A Sermon preached in Ecclesfield Parish Church, by the
+REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar, on the 21st of November, 1852, the Sunday
+after the Funeral of the Duke of Wellington.
+
+Published by Request.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{75}
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from ls. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MR. HENRI VAN LAUN assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge of
+the French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with the
+ancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages, and also
+with the best English authors, he can render his lessons valuable to
+gentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He also undertakes
+the translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be addressed, pre-paid.
+ANDREW'S Library, 167. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+   _Directors._
+  H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.
+  William Cabell, Esq.
+  T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+  G. Henry Drew, Esq.
+  William Evans, Esq.
+  William Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  James Hunt, Esq.
+  J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  James Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. Basley White, Esq.
+  Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+   _Trustees._
+  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;
+  L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;
+  George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS of absolute Purity, especially prepared for this
+Art, may be procured from R.W. THOMAS, Operative Chemist, 10. Pall Mall,
+whose well-known Preparation of Xylo-Iodide of Silver is pronounced by the
+most eminent scientific men of the day to excel every other Photographic
+Compound in sensitiveness, and in the marvellous vigour uniformly preserved
+in the middle tints of pictures produced by it. MR. R. W. THOMAS cautions
+Photographers against unprincipled persons who (from the fact of Xyloidin
+and Collodion being synonymous terms) would lead them to imagine that the
+inferior compound sold by them at half the price is identical with his
+preparation. In some cases, even the name of MR. T.'s Xylo-Iodide of Silver
+has been assumed. In order to prevent such dishonourable practice, each
+bottle sent from his Establishment is stamped with a red label bearing his
+signature, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+Prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, Chemist, &c., 10. Pall Mall.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may
+be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured
+Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of
+Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+    BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+    Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed Paper Process.
+Apparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparation for the above
+processes, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of Collodio-iodide
+or Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9d. per oz. Pyro-gallic Acid, 4s. per drachm.
+Acetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures, 8d. per oz. Crystallizable and
+perfectly pure, on which the success of the Calo-typist so much depends,
+1s. per oz. Canson Frère's Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive do., 4s. 6d.; La
+Croix, 3s.; Turner, 3s. Whatman's Negative and Positive, 3s. per quire.
+Iodized Waxed Paper, 10s. 6d. per quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the
+Camera, and warranted to keep from fourteen to twenty days, with directions
+for use, 11 x 9, 9s. per doz.; Iodized, only 6s. per doz.
+
+    GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander & Sons' celebrated
+    Lenses), Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now
+made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,
+either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having
+good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's
+Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at
+
+MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186 Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Frère's make. Waxed-Paper for Le Grey's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENERAL CORNWALLIS.
+
+An original Portrait for Sale, by COTES.
+
+Address H. W., care of Samuel Edwards, Esq., 16. Harpur Street, Red Lion
+Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP BOOKS.--Just Published, a Catalogue of Second-Hand Books (many
+curious), on Sale for Ready Money, by J. CROZIER. No. 5. New Turnstile
+(near Lincoln's Inn Fields), Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHER'S PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.--This very useful apparatus for working the
+various Photographic Processes in the open air, without the aid of any tent
+or dark chamber, can only be obtained of MR. ARCHER, 105. Great Russell
+Street, Bloomsbury. These Cameras are made either folding or otherwise.
+Also a portable folding Tripod Stand, so constructed that the Camera can be
+raised or lowered, at pleasure. Achromatic Fluid and other Lenses from 2l.
+2s. to 6l. 6s. Iodized Collodion, 10s. per lb., 9d. per oz.; and all
+Chemicals of the best quality.
+
+Practical Instruction given in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of
+photography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Grey, Brébisson, &c.
+&c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON, Manufacturer of pure chemicals for
+Photographic and other purposes.
+
+Lists of Prices to be had on application.
+
+146. Holborn Bars.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RALPH'S SERMON PAPER,--This approved Paper is particularly deserving the
+notice of the Clergy, as, from its particular form (each page measuring 5¾
+by 9 inches), it will contain more matter than the size in ordinary use:
+and, from the width being narrower, is much more easy to read: adapted for
+expeditious writing with either the quill or metallic pen; price 5s. per
+ream. Sample on application.
+
+ENVELOPE PAPER.--To identify the contents with the address and postmark,
+important in all business communications; it admits of three clear pages
+(each measuring 5½ by 8 inches), for correspondence, it saves time and is
+more economical. Price 9s. 6d. per ream.
+
+F. W. RALPH Manufacturing Stationer, 36. Throgmorton Street, Bank.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London,
+respectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and
+brought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides
+numerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's
+PERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings and Crowns so natural as
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+their instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for
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+common to all other dyes; it is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly
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+shade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &
+STRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street.
+
+Sold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all
+parts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{76}
+
+Now ready, in Seven Volumes, medium 4to., cloth, pp. 4,167, Price Fourteen
+Guineas,
+
+THE ANNALS OF IRELAND;
+
+    From the Original of the Four Masters, from the earliest Historic
+    Period to the Conclusion in 1616; consisting of the Irish Text from the
+    Original MSS., and an English Translation, with copious Explanatory
+    Notes, an Index of Names, and an Index of Places, by JOHN O'DONOVAN,
+    Esq., LL.D., Barrister at Law; Professor of the Celtic Language,
+    Queen's College, Belfast.
+
+_Extract from the_ DUBLIN REVIEW.
+
+"We can but hope, within the limited space at our disposal, to render a
+scanty and imperfect measure of justice to a work of such vast extent and
+varied erudition.... We would beg the reader, if he be disposed to doubt
+our opinion, to examine almost every single page out of the four thousand
+of which the work consists, in order that he may learn the true nature and
+extent of Mr. O'Donovan's editorial labours. Let him see the numberless
+minute verbal criticisms; the elaborate topographical annotations with
+which each page is loaded; the historical, genealogical, and biographical
+notices; the lucid and ingenious illustrations, drawn from the ancient
+laws, customs, traditions, and institutions of Ireland; the parallelisms
+and discrepancies of the narrative with that of other annalists, both
+native and foreign; the countless authorities which are examined and
+adjusted; the errors which are corrected; the omissions and deficiencies
+supplied; in a word, the curious and various learning which is everywhere
+displayed. Let him remember the mines from which all those treasures have
+been drawn are, for the most part, unexplored; that the materials thus
+laudably applied to the illustration of the text are in great part
+manuscripts which Ussher and Ware, even Waddy and Colgen, no to speak of
+Lynch and Lanigan, had never seen or left unexamined; many of them in a
+language which is to a great extent obsolete."
+
+A Prospectus of the Work will be forwarded gratis to any application made
+to the Publishers.
+
+Dublin: HODGES & SMITH, Grafton Street, Booksellers to the University.
+
+London: LONGMAN & Co.; and SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth, 2l. 2s. 6d.; morocco, 2l.
+12s. 6d.
+
+POETRY OF THE YEAR,
+
+PASSAGES FROM THE POETS
+
+DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS.
+
+WITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING
+EMINENT ARTISTS.
+
+  T. CRESWICK, R.A.
+  C. DAVIDSON.
+  W. LEE.
+  J. MULLER.
+  E. DUNCAN.
+  BIRKET FOSTER.
+  D. COX.
+  H. LE JEUNE.
+  W. HEMSLEY.
+  C. BRANWHITE.
+  J. WOLF.
+  C. WEIGALL.
+  HARRISON WEIR.
+  R. R.
+  E. V. B.
+  LUCETTE E. BARKER.
+
+    "Christmas has seldom produced a gift-book more creditable to all
+    concerned in it than this beautiful volume. The poetry is well chosen;
+    the passages being for the most part bits of real description,
+    excellent in their kind, from the writings of our poets, from the time
+    of Lord Surrey to that of Tennyson, with two or three beautiful bits
+    from American authors. Now and then a poem is inserted, which, if not
+    descriptive, is in spirit and feeling akin to the season to which it is
+    referred; and this gives variety to what might otherwise be too great a
+    mass of description. As a book of extracts merely, it would be an
+    intelligent and creditable selection, made upon a distinct and coherent
+    plan. But the drawings of Messrs. Foster, Davidson, Weir, Creswick,
+    Cox, Duncan, and Branwhite, are a great addition to the volume; and the
+    coloured engravings have been happy in catching the spirit and
+    character of the artist themselves.
+
+    "Though on a small scale, the feeling of some of the designs is
+    admirable, specially those devoted to the illustration of spring and
+    summer--the seasons which, both in poetry and painting, have the
+    greatest amount of honour in this volume. The publisher is entitled to
+    the praise of great care and attention to the appearance of the book;
+    the colour and texture of the paper, the type, and the binding are
+    unexceptionable. It is a book to do credit to any
+    publisher."--_Guardian._
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 15. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 168, January
+15, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER ***
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+    <title>
+      Notes And Queries, Issue 168.
+    </title>
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 168, January 15,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 168, January 15, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2013 [EBook #42783]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
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+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 57 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page57"></a>{57}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<table class="w100">
+<tr>
+<td class="w25"><b>No. 168.</b></td>
+<td class="ac w50"><b>Saturday, January 15. 1853.</b></td>
+
+<td class="ar w25"><b>With Index, price 10<i>d.</i><br/>
+Stamped Edition 11<i>d.</i></b></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+<table class="toc" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+<tr><td style="width:94%"><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</td>
+<td class="ar vbm" style="width:6%">Page</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Inedited Poem by Pope</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page57">57</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Southey's "Doctor:" St. Matthias' Day in Leap-year, by P. J. Yarrum</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page58">58</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Oxfordshire Legend in Stone, by B. H. Cowper</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page58">58</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Lady Nevell's Music-Book</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Bishop Burnet, by Wm. L. Nichols</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page59">59</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">A Monastic Kitchener's Account</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page60">60</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">The Fairies in New Ross, by Patrick Cody</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page61">61</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1"><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;The Duke of Wellington and Marshal Ney: Parallel Passage in the Life of Washington and Major André&mdash;St. Bernard <i>versus</i> Fulke Greville&mdash;St. Munoki's Day&mdash;Epitaph in Chesham Churchyard&mdash;Gentlemen Pensioners&mdash;Marlborough: curious Case of Municipal Opposition to County Magistracy&mdash;Wet Season in 1348&mdash;General Wolfe</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page62">62</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Pope and the Marquis Maffei</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page64">64</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">The Church Catechism, by C. J. Armistead</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page64">64</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">A Countess of Southampton</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page64">64</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1"><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Hardening Steel Bars&mdash;Pierrepoint&mdash;Ceylon&mdash;Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting&mdash;"To talk like a Dutch Uncle"&mdash;Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Belgium&mdash;Charter of Waterford&mdash;Inscription on Penny of George III.&mdash;"Shob" or "Shub," a Kentish Word&mdash;Bishop Pursglove (Suffragan) of Hull&mdash;Stewarts of Holland&mdash;Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh, 1543&mdash;Plum-pudding&mdash;"Whene'er I asked"&mdash;Immoral Works&mdash;Arms at Bristol&mdash;Passage in Thomson&mdash;"For God will be your King to-day"&mdash;"See where the startled wild fowl"&mdash;Ascension-day&mdash;The Grogog of a Castle</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page65">65</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Canongate Marriages</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page67">67</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Lady Katherine Grey</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page68">68</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Howlett the Engraver, by B. Hudson</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page69">69</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Chaucer</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page69">69</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1"><span class="sc">Photographic Notes and Queries</span>:&mdash;Pyrogallic Acid&mdash;Stereoscopic Pictures with One Camera&mdash;Mr. Crookes' Wax-paper Process&mdash;India Rubber a Substitute for Yellow Glass&mdash;Dr. Diamond's Paper Processes</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page70">70</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1"><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Ancient Timber Town-halls&mdash;Magnetic Intensity&mdash;Monument at Wadstena&mdash;David Routh, R. C. Bishop of Ossory&mdash;Cardinal Erskine&mdash;"Ne'er to these chambers," &amp;c.&mdash;The Budget&mdash;"Catching a Tartar"&mdash;The Termination "-itis"</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page71">71</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page73">73</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Notices to Correspondents</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page73">73</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="pl1">Advertisements</td>
+<td class="ar vbm"><a href="#page74">74</a> </td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>INEDITED POEM BY POPE.</h3>
+
+  <p>In an original letter from James Boaden to Northcote the artist, I
+  find the following passage; and I add to it the verses to which allusion
+  is therein made:</p>
+
+  <p class="author">"60. Warren Street, Fitzroy Square.<br/>"28th August, 1827.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My dear friend,</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>"The verses annexed are so fine, that you should put them into your
+  copy of Pope, among the Miscellanies. Dr. Warburton received them too
+  late for his edition of our poet, and I find them only in a letter from
+  the prelate to Dr. Hurd, dated 'Prior Park, June 24th, 1765.'</p>
+
+  <p>"I have used the freedom to mark a few of the finest touches with a
+  pencil, to show you <i>my</i> feeling. These you can rub out easily, and
+  afterwards indulge your own. The style of interrogation seems to have
+  revived in Gray's Elegy. Hurd would send the verses to Mason as soon as
+  he got them; and Mason and Gray, as you know, were <i>one</i> in all
+  their studies.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"I do not forget the Fables.</p>
+      <p class="i8hg3">"Yours, my dear friend, always,</p>
+      <p class="i12hg3">"<span class="sc">J. Boaden.</span></p>
+      <p class="hg3">"J. Northcote, Esq."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Not having by me any modern edition of Pope's <i>Works</i>, may I ask
+  whether these verses, thus transcribed for Northcote by his friend
+  Boaden, have yet been introduced to the public?</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><i>Verses by Mr. Pope, on the late Dean of Carlisle's (Dr. Bolton)
+  having written and published a Paper to the Memory of Mrs. Butler, of
+  Sussex, Mother to old Lady Blount of Twickenham.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>[They are supposed to be spoken by the deceased lady to the author of
+  that paper, which drew her character.]</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Stript to the naked soul, escaped from clay,</p>
+      <p>From doubts unfetter'd, and dissolved in day;</p>
+      <p>Unwarm'd by vanity, unreach'd by strife,</p>
+      <p>And all my hopes and fears thrown off with life;</p>
+      <p>Why am I charm'd by Friendship's fond essays,</p>
+      <p>And tho' unbodied, conscious of thy praise?</p>
+<!-- Page 58 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page58"></a>{58}</span>
+      <p>Has pride a portion in the parted soul?</p>
+      <p>Does passion still the formless mind control?</p>
+      <p>Can gratitude outpant the silent breath,</p>
+      <p>Or a friend's sorrow pierce the glooms of death?</p>
+      <p>No, 'tis a spirit's nobler taste of bliss,</p>
+      <p>That feels the worth it left, in proofs like this;</p>
+      <p>That not its own applause but thine approves,</p>
+      <p>Whose practice praises, and whose virtue loves;</p>
+      <p>Who liv'st to crown departed friends with fame;</p>
+      <p>Then dying, late, shalt all thou gav'st reclaim.</p>
+      <p class="i16"><span class="sc">Mr. Pope.</span>"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">A. F. W.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>SOUTHEY'S "DOCTOR;" ST. MATTHIAS' DAY IN LEAP-YEAR.</h3>
+
+  <p>In looking over the 1848 edition of Southey's book, <i>The Doctor</i>,
+  I observe an error which has escaped the care and revision of the editor,
+  the Rev. J. W. Warter, B.D. At p. 199., where Southey is referring to the
+  advantages of almanacs, he writes:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Who is there that has not sometimes had occasion to consult the
+  almanac? Maximilian I., by neglecting to do this, failed in an enterprise
+  against Bruges. It had been concerted with his adherents in that
+  turbulent city, that he should appear before it at a certain time, and
+  they would be ready to rise in his behalf, and open the gates for him. He
+  forgot that it was leap-year, and came a day too soon; and this error on
+  his part cost many of the most zealous of his friends their lives. It is
+  remarkable that neither the historian who relates this, nor the writers
+  who have followed him, should have looked into the almanac to guard
+  against any inaccuracy in the relation; <i>for they have fixed the
+  appointed day on the eve of St. Matthias, which being the 23rd of
+  February, could not be put out of its course by leap-year</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The words in Italics show Southey's mistake. This historian was quite
+  correct: as, according to the calendar of the Roman Catholic Church,
+  although the regular festival of St. Matthias is celebrated upon the 24th
+  of February, yet, "in anno bissextili Februarius est dierum 29, et Festum
+  S. Mathiæ celebratur 25 Februarii." Thus it will be seen, that the year
+  when Maximilian was to have appeared before Bruges being leap-year, and
+  the day appointed being the eve of St. Matthias, he should have come upon
+  the 24th, not the 23rd of February: the leap-year making all the
+  difference.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. Yarrum.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>OXFORDSHIRE LEGEND IN STONE.</h3>
+
+  <p>A few miles from Chipping-Norton, by the side of a road which divides
+  Oxfordshire from Warwickshire, and on the brow of a hill overlooking Long
+  Compton, stand the remains of a Druidical temple. Leland speaks of them
+  as "Rollright stones," from their being in the parish of Rollright. The
+  temple consists of a single circle of stones, from fifty to sixty in
+  number, of various sizes and in different positions, but all of them
+  rough, time-worn, and mutilated. The peasantry say that it is impossible
+  to count these stones, and certainly it is a difficult task, though not
+  because there is any witchcraft in the matter, but owing to the peculiar
+  position of some of them. You will hear of a certain baker who resolved
+  not to be outwitted, so hied to the spot with a basketful of small
+  loaves, one of which he placed on every stone. In vain he tried; either
+  his loaves were not sufficiently numerous, or some sorcery displaced
+  them, and he gave up in despair. Of course no one expects to succeed
+  now.</p>
+
+  <p>In a field adjoining are the remains of a cromlech, the altar where,
+  at a distance from the people, the priests performed their mystic rites.
+  The superimposed stone has slipped off, and rests against the others.
+  These are the "Whispering Knights," and this their history:&mdash;In days
+  of yore, when rival princes debated their claims to England's crown by
+  dint of arms, the hostile forces were encamped hard by. Certain
+  traitor-knights went forth to parley with others from the foe. While thus
+  plotting, a great magician, whose power they unaccountably overlooked,
+  transformed them all into stone, and there they stand to this day.</p>
+
+  <p>Not far from the temple, but on the opposite side of the road, is a
+  solitary stone, probably the last of two rows which flanked the approach
+  to the sacred circle. This stone was once a prince who claimed the
+  British throne. On this spot he inquired of the magician above named what
+  would be his destiny:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"If Long Compton you can see,</p>
+      <p>King of England you shall be,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>answered the wise man. But he could not see it, and at once shared the
+  fate of the "Whispering Knights." This is called the "King's stone," and
+  so stands that, while you cannot see Long Compton from it, you can if you
+  go forward a very little way. On some future day an armed warrior will
+  issue from this very stone, to conquer and govern our land!</p>
+
+  <p>It is said that a farmer, who wished to bridge over a small stream at
+  the foot of the hill, resolved to press the "Whispering Knights" into the
+  service; but it was almost too much for all the horse power at his
+  command to bring them down. At length they were placed, but all they
+  could do was not sufficient to keep them in their place. It was therefore
+  resolved to restore them to their original post, when, lo! they who
+  required so much to bring them down, and defied all attempts to keep them
+  quiet, were taken back almost without an effort by a single horse! So
+  there they stand, <!-- Page 59 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page59"></a>{59}</span>till they and the rest (for I believe the
+  large circle was once composed of living men) shall return to their
+  proper manhood.</p>
+
+  <p>Other legends respecting this curious relic might, I doubt not, be
+  obtained on the spot. I obtained the above in answer to inquiries, when
+  making a pilgrimage to the place.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">B. H. Cowper.</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>LADY NEVELL'S MUSIC-BOOK.</h3>
+
+  <p>The following contents of the Lady Nevell's music-book (1591) may be
+  interesting to many of your readers:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>"1. My Ladye Nevell's Grownde.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>2. Que passe, for my Ladye Nevell.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>3. The March before the Battell.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>4. The Battell.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The March of Footemen.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The March of Horsemen.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Trumpetts.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Irishe Marche.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Bagpipe and Drone.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Flute and Dromme.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Marche to Fight.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> Tantara.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Battells be ioyned.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">00.</span> The Retreat.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>5. The Galliarde for the Victorie.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>6. The Barley Breake.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>7. The Galliarde Gygg.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>8. The Hunt's upp.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">0</span>9. Ut re mi fa sol la.</p>
+      <p>10. The first Pauian.</p>
+      <p>11. The Galliard to the same.</p>
+      <p>12. The seconde Pauian.</p>
+      <p>13. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>14. The third Pauian.</p>
+      <p>15. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>16. The fourth Pauian.</p>
+      <p>17. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>18. The fifte Pauian.</p>
+      <p>19. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>20. The sixte Pauian.</p>
+      <p>21. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>22. The seventh Pauian.</p>
+      <p>23. The eighte Pauian.</p>
+      <p class="i2">The passinge mesurs is,</p>
+      <p>24. The nynthe Pauian.</p>
+      <p>25. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>26. The Voluntarie Lesson.</p>
+      <p>27. Will you walk the Woods soe wylde.</p>
+      <p>28. The Mayden's Song.</p>
+      <p>29. A Lesson of Voluntarie.</p>
+      <p>30. The second Grownde.</p>
+      <p>31. Have w<sup>t</sup> you to Walsingame.</p>
+      <p>32. All in a Garden greene.</p>
+      <p>33. The lo. Willobie's welcome home.</p>
+      <p>34. The Carman's Whistle.</p>
+      <p>35. Hughe Ashton's Grownde.</p>
+      <p>36. A Fancie, for my Ladye Nevell.</p>
+      <p>37. Sellinger's Rownde.</p>
+      <p>38. Munser's Almaine.</p>
+      <p>39. The tenth Pauian, Mr. W. Peter.</p>
+      <p>40. The Galliarde to the same.</p>
+      <p>41. A Fancie.</p>
+      <p>42. A Voluntarie.</p>
+      <p class="i6">Finis.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Ffinished and ended the Leventh of September, in the yeare of our
+  Lorde God 1591, and in the 33 yeare of the raigne of our sofferaine ladie
+  Elizabeth, by the grace of God Queen of England, &amp;c., by me, Jo.
+  Baldwine of Windsore.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Laudes Deo."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The songs have no words to them. Most of the airs are signed "Mr.
+  William Birde."</p>
+
+  <p>A modern MS. note in the book states that the book is "Lady Nevell's
+  Music-book," and that she seems "to have been the scholar of Birde, who
+  professedly composed several of the pieces for her ladyship's use;" and
+  that sixteen of the forty-two pieces are "in the Virginal Book of Queen
+  Elizabeth," and that "Jo. Baldwine was a singing-man at Windsor." The
+  music is written on four-staved paper of six lines, in large bold
+  characters, with great neatness. The notes are lozenge-shape. Can any of
+  your correspondents furnish rules for transposing these six-line staves
+  into the five-line staves of modern notations?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L. B. L.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>BISHOP BURNET.</h3>
+
+  <p>Having but recently become acquainted with your useful and learned
+  work (for <i>scire ubi aliquid invenire possis, magna pars eruditionis
+  est</i>), I have been much interested in looking over the earlier
+  volumes. Allow me to add a couple of links to your <i>catena</i> on
+  Bishop Burnet. The first is the opinion of Hampton, the translator of
+  Polybius; the other is especially valuable, it being nothing less than
+  the portrait of Burnet drawn by himself, but certainly not with any idea
+  of its being suspended beside the worthies of his "Own Time," for the
+  edification of posterity.</p>
+
+  <p>Hampton's testimony is as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"His personal resentments put him upon writing history. He relates the
+  actions of a persecutor and benefactor; and it is easy to believe that a
+  man in such circumstances must violate the laws of truth. The remembrance
+  of his injuries is always present, and gives venom to his pen. Let us add
+  to this, that intemperate and malicious curiosity which penetrates into
+  the most private recesses of vice. The greatest of his triumphs is to
+  draw the veil of secret infamy, and expose to view transactions that were
+  before concealed from the world; though they serve not in the least
+  either to embellish the style or connect the series of his history, and
+  will never obtain more credit than, perhaps, to suspend the judgment of
+  the reader, since they are supported only by one single, <i>suspected</i>
+  testimony."&mdash;<i>Reflections on Ancient and Modern History</i>, 4to.:
+  Oxford, 1746.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Let me now refer you to a document, written with his own hand, which
+  sets the question of <!-- Page 60 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page60"></a>{60}</span>Burnet's truthfulness and impartiality in
+  his delineations of character completely at rest.</p>
+
+  <p>From the Napier charter-chest, "by a species of retributive justice,"
+  there has recently risen up in judgment against him <i>a letter of his
+  own, proving his own character</i>. It is, I regret, too long for
+  insertion in your pages <i>in extenso</i>, but no abstract can give an
+  adequate idea of its contents. It is, in fact, so mean and abject as
+  almost to overpass belief. I must refer your readers to Mr. Mark Napier's
+  <i>Montrose and the Covenanters</i>, vol. i. pp. 13-21. All the
+  reflections of the Whig historian Dalrymple, all the severe remarks of
+  Swift and Lord Dartmouth, as to Burnet's dishonesty and malice, would now
+  seem well bestowed upon a writer so despicable and faithless, and the
+  credit of whose statements, when resting <i>on his own sole
+  authority</i>, must be totally destroyed. This curious epistle was
+  written, in an agony of fear, on a Sunday morning, during the memorable
+  crisis of the Rye-House plot, and while Lord Russell was on the eve of
+  his execution. Addressed to Lord Halifax, it was intended to meet the eye
+  of the King. It evidently proves the writer's want of veracity in divers
+  subsequent statements in his history. The future bishop also protests
+  that he never will accept of any preferment, promises never more to
+  oppose the Court, and intimates an intention to paint the King in the
+  fairest light&mdash;"if I ever live to finish what I am about;"
+  <i>i.e.</i> the <i>History of his Own Time</i>, in which the villanous
+  portrait of Charles afterwards appeared.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Here, then," says Mr. Napier, "is Burnet <i>Redivivus</i>; and now
+  the bishop may call Montrose a coward or what he likes, and persuade the
+  world of his own super-eminent moral courage, if he can. For our own
+  part, after reading the above letter, we do not believe one malicious
+  word of what Burnet has uttered in the <i>History of his Own Time</i>
+  against Charles I. and Montrose; and he has therein said nothing about
+  them that is not malicious. We do not believe that the apology for
+  Hamilton, which he has given to the world in the memoirs of that House,
+  is by any means so truthful an exposition of the character of that
+  mysterious marquis as the letters and papers entrusted to the bishop
+  enabled him to give. We feel thoroughly persuaded that Bishop Burnet, in
+  that work, as well as in the <i>History of his Own Time</i>, reversed the
+  golden maxim of Cicero, '<i>Ne quid falsi dicere audeat, ne quid veri non
+  audeat</i>.' The marvellous of himself, and the malicious of others, we
+  henceforth altogether disbelieve, when resting on the sole authority of
+  the bishop's historical record, and will never listen to when retailed
+  traditionally and at second-hand from him. Finally, we do believe the
+  truth of the anecdote, that the bishop, 'after a debate in the House of
+  Lords, usually went home and altered everybody's character as they had
+  pleased or displeased him that day;' and that he kept weaving in secret
+  this chronicle of his times, not to enlighten posterity or for the cause
+  of truth, but as a means of indulging in safety his own interested or
+  malicious feelings towards the individuals that pleased or offended him.
+  So much for Bishop Burnet, whose authority must henceforth always be
+  received <i>cum nota</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. L. Nichols.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lansdown Place, Bath.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>A MONASTIC KITCHENER'S ACCOUNT.</h3>
+
+  <p>(From a volume of memoranda touching the monastery of Whalley, temp.
+  Henry VIII., among the records of the Court of Augmentation.)</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Dyv'se somes of money leid oute by me Jamys More, monke and kechyner
+  to the late Abbot of Whalley, for and conc'nynge dyv'se caitts bought by
+  the seid Jamys of dyv'se p<span class="x1"><span
+  class="x4">&#xAF;</span></span>sons, as hereaft' dothe p<span
+  class="x1"><span class="x4">&#xAF;</span></span>ticlerly appire by p<span
+  class="x1"><span class="x4">&#xAF;</span></span>cells whiche came to
+  thuse of the seid house, and spent yn the seid house from the last daye
+  of December until the &mdash;&mdash; daye of Marche then next folowynge
+  yn the xxviij<sup>th</sup> yere of the reign of Kynge Henry the
+  viij<sup>th</sup>, whiche somes of money the said Jamys asketh
+  allowance.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<table class="mc">
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> First payde to Edmunde Taillor Fischer<br/>
+for &mdash;&mdash; salt salmons, spent in the seyd<br/>
+late abbott kechyn syns the tyme of his<br/>
+accompt </td>
+<td class="ar"> xxv<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde to the seid Edmunde for xj<br/>
+freshe salmons, bought of the said Edmunde<br/>
+to thuse, &amp;c. of the seid house,<br/>
+there spent by the seid tyme </td>
+<td class="ar"> xxv<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde to Will'm Newbbet for fresh<br/>
+fische </td>
+<td class="ar pl2"> iij<sup>s</sup> </td>
+<td class="ar pl2"> iiij<sup>d</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde for vj capons, bought at Fastyngeseven<br/>
+of dyv'se p<span class="x1"><span class="x4">&#xAF;</span></span>sons </td>
+<td class="ar"> ij<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde for xxxv hennes, bought of<br/>
+dyv'se p<span class="x1"><span class="x4">&#xAF;</span></span>sons </td>
+<td class="ar"> v<sup>s</sup> </td>
+<td class="ar"> x<sup>d</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde for eggs, butter, chese, bought<br/>
+of dyv'se p<span class="x1"><span class="x4">&#xAF;</span></span>sons betwixt Cristmas and<br/>
+Fastyngsevyn, spent yn the seid house </td>
+<td class="ar"> xxiiij<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde for mustersede </td>
+<td class="ar"> v<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Bought of Will'm Fische viij potts<br/>
+hony-pric </td>
+<td class="ar"> x<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Bought of Anthony Watson vij gallons<br/>
+hony </td>
+<td class="ar"> ix<sup>s</sup> </td>
+<td class="ar"> iiij<sup>d</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Bought of John Colthirst ij gallons<br/>
+hony </td>
+<td class="ar"> ij<sup>s</sup> </td>
+<td class="ar"> iiij<sup>d</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0"> Itm. Payde to Richard Jackson for xvij<sup>c</sup><br/>
+sparlyngs </td>
+<td class="ar"> ix<sup>s</sup> </td>
+<td class="ar"> viii<sup>d</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="ar" colspan="3"> Sum of the payments<span class="gap"></span>vj<sup>li</sup> xviij<sup>d</sup> (sic in orig.) </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0" colspan="3"> Itm. The same Jamys askyth allowance of xiiij<sup>s</sup>, whiche<br/>
+the seid late abbott dyd owe hym at the tyme of his<br/>
+last accompt, whiche endyd at Cristmas last past, as<br/>
+yt dothe appire by the accompt of the seid Jamys<br/>
+More. </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="hang1on0" colspan="2"> Itm. The late abbott of Whalley dyd owe unto the<br/>
+seid Jamys More, for a grey stagg that the seid<br/>
+late abbott dyd by of the same Jamys by the space<br/>
+of a yere syns </td>
+<td class="ar"> x<sup>s</sup> </td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="ar" colspan="2"> By me <span class="sc">James Mor</span>." </td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+  <p>The advowson of the parish church of Whalley having been bequeathed to
+  the White Monks of Stanlawe (Cheshire), they removed their abbey <!--
+  Page 61 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page61"></a>{61}</span>there
+  <span class="sm">A.D.</span> 1206; it being dedicated to the Virgin Mary
+  ("Locus Benedictus de Whalley"), and having about sixty indwellers.
+  (Tanner's <i>Notitia</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>THE FAIRIES IN NEW ROSS.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2hg3">"When moonlight</p>
+      <p class="i2">Near midnight</p>
+      <p>Tips the rock and waving wood;</p>
+      <p class="i2">When moonlight</p>
+      <p class="i2">Near midnight</p>
+      <p>Silvers o'er the sleeping flood;</p>
+      <p class="i2">When yew tops</p>
+      <p class="i2">With dew-drops</p>
+      <p>Sparkle o'er deserted graves;</p>
+      <p class="i2hg1">'Tis then we fly</p>
+      <p class="i2">Through welkin high,</p>
+      <p>Then we sail o'er yellow waves."</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Book of Irish Ballads.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>There lived, some thirty years since, in the eastern part of the
+  suburbs of New Ross, in the county of Wexford, denominated the
+  "Maudlins," a hedge carpenter named Davy Hanlan, better known to his
+  neighbours by the sobriquet of "Milleadh Maide," or "Speilstick." Davy
+  plied his trade with all the assiduity of an industrious man, "and
+  laboured in all kinds of weather" to maintain his little family; and as
+  his art consisted principally in manufacturing carts, ploughs, and
+  harrows (iron ploughs not being then in use) for the surrounding farmers,
+  and doctoring their old ones, the sphere of Davy's avocations was
+  confined to no mean limits.</p>
+
+  <p>It was a dry, sharp night, in the month of November, and darkness had
+  set in long before Davy left Mount Hanover, two miles distant from his
+  home. At length he started forward, and had already reached the bridge of
+  the Maudlins, when he stopped to rest; for besides his tools he carried a
+  bundle of wheaten straw, which he intended for a more than usually
+  comfortable "shake-down" for his dear rib Winny. The moon had by this
+  time ascended above the horizon, and by its silvery radiance depicted in
+  delicate outline the hills rising in the distance, while the tender rays
+  mixing with, and faintly illumining the gloom of the intermediate
+  valleys, formed a mass of light and shade so exquisitely blended as to
+  appear the work of enchantment. As Davy leaned on the parapet of the
+  bridge, a thrill of alarm involuntarily disturbed his feelings: he was
+  about to depart when he heard a clamorous sound, as of voices, proceeding
+  from that part of the valley on which he still gazed. Curiosity now
+  tempted him to listen still longer, when suddenly he saw a group of
+  dwarfish beings emerging from the gloom, and coming rapidly towards him,
+  along the green marsh that borders the Maudlin stream. Poor Davy was
+  terror-stricken at this unusual sight; in vain he attempted to escape: he
+  was, as it were, spellbound. Instantly the whole company gained the road
+  beside him, and after a moment's consultation they simultaneously cried
+  out, "Where is my horse? give me my horse!" &amp;c. In the twinkling of
+  an eye they were all mounted. Davy's feelings may be more easily imagined
+  than described, and in a fit of unconsciousness his tongue, as it were
+  mechanically, articulated "Where is my horse?" Immediately he found
+  himself astride on a rude piece of timber, somewhat in shape of a
+  plough-beam, by which he was raised aloft in the air. Away he went, as he
+  himself related, at the rate of nine knots an hour, gliding smoothly
+  through the liquid air. No aeronaut ever performed his expedition with
+  more intrepidity; and after about two hours' journeying the whole
+  cavalcade alighted in the midst of a large city, just as</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The iron tongue of midnight had told twelve."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>One of the party, who appeared to be a leader, conducted them from
+  door to door, Davy following in the rear; and at the first door he passed
+  them the word, "We cannot enter, the dust of the floor lies not behind
+  the door."<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>
+  Other impediments prevented their ingress to the next two or three
+  doors.</p>
+
+  <p>At length, having come to a door which was not guarded by any of these
+  insuperable sentinels which defy the force of fairy assault, he joyfully
+  cried out "We can enter here:" and immediately, as if by enchantment, the
+  door flew open, the party entered, and Davy, much astonished, found
+  himself within the walls of a spacious wine-store. Instantly the heads of
+  wine vessels were broken; bungs flew out; the carousing commenced; each
+  boon companion pledged his friend, as he bedewed his whiskers in the
+  sparkling beverage; and the wassail sounds float round the walls and
+  hollow roof. Davy, not yet recovered from his surprise, stood looking on,
+  but could not contrive to come at a drop: at length he asked a rather
+  agreeable fairy who was close to him to help him to some. "When I shall
+  have done," said the fairy, "I will give you this goblet, and you can
+  drink." Very <!-- Page 62 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page62"></a>{62}</span>soon after he handed the goblet to Davy, who
+  was about to drink, when the leader gave the word of command:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Away, away, my good fairies, away!</p>
+      <p>Let's revel in moonlight, and shun the dull day."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The horses were ready, the party mounted, and Davy was carried back to
+  the Maudlin bridge, bearing in his hand the silver goblet, as witness of
+  his exploit. Half dead he made his way home to Winny, who anxiously
+  awaited him; got to bed about four in the morning, to which he was
+  confined by illness for months afterwards. And as Davy "lived from hand
+  to mouth," his means were soon exhausted. Winny took the goblet and
+  pledged it with Mr. Alexander Whitney, the watchmaker, for five
+  shillings. In a few days after a gentleman who lived not twenty miles
+  from Creywell Cremony came in to Mr. Whitney's, saw the goblet, and
+  recognised it as being once in his possession, and marked with the
+  initials "M. R.," and on examining it found it to be the identical one
+  which he had bestowed, some years before, on a Spanish merchant. Davy,
+  when able to get out, deposed on oath before the Mayor of Ross (who is
+  still living) to the facts narrated above. The Spanish gentleman was
+  written to, and in reply corroborated Davy's statement, saying that on a
+  certain night his wine-store was broken open, vessels much injured, and
+  his wine spilled and drunk, and the silver goblet stolen. Davy was
+  exonerated from any imputation of guilt in the affair, and was careful,
+  during his life, never again to rest at night on the Maudlin bridge.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Patrick Cody.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Mullinavat, county of Kilkenny.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>Every good housewife is supposed to sweep the kitchen floor previously
+  to her going to bed; and the old women who are best skilled in "fairy
+  lore" affirm, that if, through any inadvertence, she should leave the
+  dust thus collected behind the door at night, this dust or sweepings will
+  have the power of opening the door to the fairies, should they come the
+  way. It is also believed that, if the broom should be left behind the
+  door, without being placed standing on its handle, it will possess the
+  power of admitting the fairies. Should the water in which the family had
+  washed their feet, before going to bed, be left in the vessel, on the
+  kitchen floor, without having a coal of fire put into it, if not thrown
+  out in the yard, it will act as porter to the fairies or good people.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Duke of Wellington and Marshal Ney. Parallel Passage in the
+  Life of Washington and Major André.</i>&mdash;J. R. of Cork (Vol. vi., p.
+  480.) tells how Wellington was in his youth smitten with the charms of a
+  lady, who, in after-life having appealed to him to save the life of Ney,
+  was not simply unsuccessful in her object but was ordered to quit Paris
+  forthwith. J. B. Burke, in the <i>Patrician</i>, vol. vi. p. 372., tells
+  how Washington endeavoured to win the love of Mary Phillipse, and how he
+  failed: how years rolled on, and the rejected lover as Commander-in-Chief
+  of the American forces was supplicated by the same Mary, then the wife of
+  Roger Morris, to spare the life of Andre. The appeal failed, and one of
+  the General's aides was ordered to conduct the lady beyond the lines.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">St. Johns.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>St. Bernard versus Fulke Greville.</i>&mdash;On lately reading over
+  the fine philosophical poem <i>Of Humane Learning</i>, by Fulke Greville,
+  Lord Brooke, I was struck at finding that the 144th stanza was a literal
+  transcript from St. Bernard. Some of your readers may possibly be amused
+  or interested by the discovery:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Yet some seeke knowledge, meerely to be knowne,</p>
+      <p>And idle curiositie that is;</p>
+      <p>Some but to sell, not freely to bestow,</p>
+      <p>These gaine and spend both time and health amisse;</p>
+      <p>Embasing arts, by basely deeming so,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Some to build others, which is charity,</p>
+      <p class="i1">But those to build themselves, who wise men be."</p>
+      <p class="i10"><i>Workes</i>, p. 50.: Lond. 1633, 8vo.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>"Sunt namque qui scire volunt eo fine tantum, ut sciant: et turpis
+  curiositas est. Et sunt item qui scire volunt, ut scientiam suam vendant,
+  verbi causa pro pecunia, pro honoribus: et turpis quæstus est. Sed sunt
+  quoque qui scire volunt, ut ædificentur: et prudentia est."&mdash;S.
+  Bernardi <i>In Cantica Serm.</i> xxxvi. Sect 3. <i>Opp.</i>, vol. i. p.
+  1404. Parisiis, 1719, fol.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is no mean eulogy upon Lord Brooke's poem just referred to, to say
+  that it stood high in the estimation of the late Rev. Hugh James Rose,
+  and was quoted approvingly by him in his lectures before the Durham
+  University. My acquaintance with it was first derived from that source,
+  and I am confident that many others of your readers sympathise with the
+  wishes of <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span>, for "a collected edition
+  of the works of the two noble Grevilles" ("N. &amp; Q.," Vol. iv., p.
+  139.). The facts upon which the tragedy of <i>Mustapha</i> is founded are
+  graphically summed up by Knolles in his <i>Historie of the Turkes</i>,
+  pp. 757-65.: London, 1633, fol.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rt.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Warmington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>St. Munoki's Day.</i>&mdash;Professor Craik, in his <i>Romance of
+  the Peerage</i>, vol. ii. p. 337., with reference to the date of the
+  death of Margaret Tudor, Queen Dowager of Scotland, gives two
+  authorities, namely, 24th November, 1541, from the <i>Diurnal of
+  Remarkable Occurrents</i>, and <i>St. Munoki's</i> Day, from the
+  <i>Chronicle of Perth</i>, and then says: "I find no saint with a name
+  resembling <i>Munok</i> in the common lists." Now this Note of mine has
+  originated in the belief that I <i>have found</i> such a name in the
+  <i>Calendar of Saints</i>, or at any rate one very closely resembling it,
+  if not the identical <i>Munok</i>. "St. Marnok, B. patron of Killmarnock
+  in Scotland, honoured on the 25th October in the Scots Calendar." Now
+  "Marnok" is most probably <i>Munok</i>, the latter, perhaps, misspelt by
+  a careless scribe in the <i>Chronicle of Perth</i>. There is a
+  discrepancy of a month certainly in these two dates, 25th October and
+  24th November; but that is not very wonderful, as a doubt of the exact
+  day of Queen Margaret's decease evidently exists among historians, for
+  Pinkerton (vol. ii. p. 371.) conjectures June. The above extract
+  regarding St. Marnok is from a <!-- Page 63 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page63"></a>{63}</span>curious old work in my possession, published
+  in 1761 in London, and entitled <i>A Memorial of Ancient British Piety,
+  or a British Martyrology</i>. It gives also the names of St. Moroc, C.,
+  Nov. 8; St. Munnu, Ab., Oct. 21, both saints in the Scottish
+  calendar.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Punjaub.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph in Chesham Churchyard.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"As an</p>
+      <p class="i5">Encouragement</p>
+      <p class="i3">to Regularity, Integrity,</p>
+      <p class="i4">and good Conduct,</p>
+      <p class="i6">This Stone</p>
+      <p>was erected at the general Expense</p>
+      <p class="i3">of the Inhabitants of</p>
+      <p class="i3">this Town and Parish</p>
+      <p class="i2">to perpetuate the Memory of</p>
+      <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Matthew Archer</span>,</p>
+      <p>who served the Office of Clerk with</p>
+      <p>the utmost Punctuality and Decorum</p>
+      <p class="i2">for upwards of Thirty Years.</p>
+      <p class="i2">He died 15th December, 1793."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. B. Relton.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Gentlemen Pensioners.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"On Saturday last, the Secretary to the Band of Gentleman Pensioners
+  did, by order of the Duke of Montague their Captain, dispatch circular
+  letters to the said gentlemen, signifying his Grace's pleasure to revive
+  the ancient rules and orders that were practised at the time of the first
+  institution of the Band in the reign of King Henry VII., viz. that five
+  of the said Gentleman Pensioners shall attend constantly every day in the
+  antechamber of the palace where His Majesty shall be resident, from ten
+  in the forenoon till three in the afternoon, the usual time of His
+  Majesty's retiring to go to dinner; and on every Drawing Room night from
+  eight to twelve."&mdash;<i>Weekly Journal</i>, Jan. 4, 1735.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">E.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Marlborough; Curious Case of Municipal Opposition to County
+  Magistracy.</i>&mdash;Shortly after the invasion of the elder Pretender,
+  the corporation of Marlborough so far defied the royal authority as to
+  drive the quarterly county sessions from the town; and high legal
+  opinions were not wanting to fortify the position thus assumed by the
+  borough, on the ground, namely, of its municipal charter, which secured
+  to the town a court of its own.</p>
+
+  <p>Now, we all know that in early times a borough's court-leet exempted
+  the burgesses from the jurisdiction of the sheriff's "tourn," and that up
+  till the period of the Municipal Reform bill, many charters still
+  existed, verbally sustaining such right of exemption; but the Queries
+  which I wish to put are the following. First, Though the crown's
+  representative had no jurisdiction, had he not a right to enter, and sit
+  on cases foreign to the borough? Secondly, What are the earliest
+  instances of county quarter sessions sitting in independent boroughs?
+  Thirdly, Were the cases numerous of similar acts of resistance at the
+  period alluded to, viz. the reign of George I.?</p>
+
+  <p>I take this occasion to state that I am drawing to conclusion a
+  history of Silkely Hundred, which includes Marlborough and Lord
+  Ailesbury's seat; and shall feel grateful for any information relating to
+  the Pretender's influence in that district. That it must have been
+  considerable may be argued from the Ailesbury alliance by marriage with
+  the young Pretender.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Waylen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Devizes.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wet Season in 1348.</i>&mdash;Accidentally looking into Holinshed a
+  few days ago, I found that our present unusually wet season is not
+  without a parellel, indeed much exceeded; as on that occasion the harvest
+  must have been a complete failure, and dearth and disease consequently
+  ensued. Providence, however, has kindly blessed us with an average
+  harvest; and, exclusive of the disasters attendant upon storms and
+  floods, I trust we shall escape any further visitation. I annex an
+  extract of the passage in Holinshed:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In this 22 yeare [of Edward III., <span class="sm">A.D.</span> 1348],
+  from Midsummer to Christmasse, for the more part it continuallie rained,
+  so that there was not one day and night drie togither, by reason whereof
+  great flouds insued, and the ground therewith was sore corrupted, and
+  manie inconueniences insued, as great sickenes, and other, insomuch that
+  in the yeare following, in France, the people died wonderfullie in
+  diverse places. In Italie also, and in manie other countries, as well in
+  the lands of the infidels as in Christendome, this grieuous mortalitie
+  reigned, to the great destruction of people. About the end of August, the
+  like dearth began in diuerse places of England, and especiallie in
+  London, continuing so for the space of twelue moneths following. And vpon
+  that insued great barrennesse, as well of the sea as the land, neither of
+  them yielding such plentie of things as before they had done. Wherevpon
+  vittels and corne became scant and hard to come by."&mdash;<i>The
+  Chronicles of Raphaell Holinshed</i>, fol., vol. iii. p. 378 (black
+  letter).</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Phi;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>General Wolfe.</i>&mdash;It may interest many of your readers to
+  know that a portrait of General Wolfe, by Ramsay, 1758, is to be sold by
+  Messrs. Christie and Manson, at their rooms, 8. King Street, St. James's
+  Square, on Saturday, February 12.</p>
+
+  <p>The picture is marked No. 300 in the catalogue of the first two days'
+  sale. It formed part of the collection of a gentleman lately deceased,
+  whom I had the pleasure of knowing.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Temple.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 64 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page64"></a>{64}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>POPE AND THE MARQUIS MAFFEI.</h3>
+
+  <p>I would beg the insertion of the following Note, which occurs at p.
+  338. of Walker's <i>Historical Memoir on Italian Tragedy</i>; with a view
+  to ascertaining whether any light has been thrown on the subject since
+  the publication of the work in question. I fear there is little chance of
+  such being the case, but still I would be glad to learn from any of your
+  correspondents, whether there is other evidence than the passage given
+  from the Marquis's letter to Voltaire, to prove that Pope was actually
+  engaged in the translation of his tragedy; or whether there is any
+  allusion in the cotemporary literature of the day, to such a work having
+  been undertaken by the bard of Twickenham.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It seems to have escaped the notice of all Pope's biographers, that
+  when the Marquis Maffei visited Twickenham, in company with Lord
+  Burlington and Dr. Mead, he found the English bard employed on a
+  translation of his <i>Merope</i>: yet the public have been in possession
+  of this anecdote about fifty years. The Marquis, in his answer to the
+  celebrated letter addressed to him by Voltaire, says: 'Avendomi Mylord
+  Conte di Burlington, e il Sig. Dottore Mead, l'uno e l'altro talenti
+  rari, ed à quali quant' io debba non posso dire, condotto alla villa del
+  Sig. Pope, ch' è il Voltaire dell Inghilterra, come voi siete il Pope
+  della Francia, quel bravo Poeta mi fece vedere, che lavorava alla
+  versione della mia Tragedia in versi Inglesi: se la terminasse, e che ne
+  sia divenuto, non so.'&mdash;<i>La Merope</i>, ver. 1745, p. 180. With
+  the fate of this version we are, and probably shall ever remain,
+  unacquainted: it may, however, be safely presumed, that it was never
+  finished to the satisfaction of the translator, and therefore committed
+  to the flames."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">T. C. S.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>THE CHURCH CATECHISM.</h3>
+
+  <p>Allow me to make the following inquiries through the pages of "N.
+  &amp; Q.," which may possibly elicit valuable information from some of
+  your many correspondents. In the Archbishop of York's questions put to
+  candidates for Holy Orders, Feb. 1850, occurred this Query: "The Church
+  Catechism ... by whom was the latter part added and put into its present
+  form; and whence is it chiefly derived?" The former part of this is
+  readily answered; being, as any one at all read in the history of the
+  Prayer-Book well knows, added at the Hampton Court Conference, 1603; and
+  was drawn up by Bishop Overall, at that time Dean of St. Paul's: but
+  <i>whence is it chiefly derived?</i> That is the question for which I
+  have hitherto sought in vain a satisfactory solution, and fear his grace,
+  or his examining chaplain, must have looked in vain for a correct reply
+  from any of his <i>quasi</i> clergymen, college education though they may
+  have had. It is a point which seems to be passed over entirely unnoticed
+  by all of our liturgical writers and church historians, as I have been at
+  no little pains in searching works at all likely to clear it up, but,
+  hitherto, without success. It may be conjectured that the part referred
+  to, viz., on the Sacraments, was taken from Dean Nowell's Catechism; or,
+  at all events, that Overall borrowed some of the expressions while he
+  changed its meaning, as Nowell's was purely Calvinistic in tendency. He
+  may have had before him the fourth part of Peter Lombard's <i>Liber
+  Sententiarum</i>, or some such work. But all this is mere supposition;
+  and what I want to arrive at, is some correct data or authoritative
+  statement which would settle the point. Another interesting matter upon
+  which I am desirous of information, is, as to the protestation after the
+  rubrics at the end of the Communion Service. In our <i>present</i>
+  Prayer-Book it is in marks of quotation, which we do not find in the
+  second book of King Edward VI., where it originally appears&mdash;and the
+  expressions there admit the real presence. It was altogether left out in
+  Elizabeth's Prayer-Book, but again inserted in the last review in 1661,
+  when the inverted commas first appear: the sense being somewhat
+  different, allowing the spiritual but not the actual or bodily presence
+  of Christ. Why are the <i>commas</i> or marks of quotation, if such they
+  be, then inserted? I have written to a well-known Archdeacon, eminent for
+  his works on the Sacraments, but his answer does not convey what is
+  sought by</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. J. Armistead</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Springfield Mount, Leeds.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>A COUNTESS OF SOUTHAMPTON.</h3>
+
+  <p>I have just been reading, in the <i>Revue des deux Mondes</i>, an
+  interesting article upon the recently-published <i>Memoirs of
+  Mademoiselle de K&oelig;nigsmark</i>, in which I meet with the following
+  passage:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ce fut à Venise que Charles-Jean de K&oelig;nigsmark rencontra la
+  belle Comtesse de Southampton, cette vaillante amoureuse qui, plantant la
+  fortune et famille, le suivit désormais par le monde déguisée en page:
+  romanesque anecdote que la princesse Palatine a consignée dans ses
+  mémoires avec cette brusque rondeur de style qui ne marchande pas les
+  expressions. 'Il doit être assez dans le caractère de quelques dames
+  anglaises de suivre leurs amans. J'ai connu un Comte de K&oelig;nigsmark
+  qu'une dame anglaise avait suivi en habit de page. Elle était avec lui à
+  Chambord, et comme, faute de place, il ne pouvait loger au Château, il
+  avait fait dresser dans la forêt une tente où il logeât. Il me raconta
+  son aventure à la Masse; j'eu la curiosité de voir le soi-disant page. Je
+  n'ai jamais rien vu de plus beau que cette figure: les plus beaux yeux du
+  monde, une bouche charmante, une prodigieuse quantité de cheveux du plus
+  beau brun, qui tombèrent en grosses boucles sur ses épaules. Elle sourit
+  en me voyant, se doutant bien que je savais son secret. <!-- Page 65
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page65"></a>{65}</span>Lorsqu'il partit
+  de Chambord pour l'Italie, le Comte K&oelig;nigsmark se trouva dans une
+  auberge, et en sortit le matin pour faire un tour de promenade. L'hotesse
+  de cette maison courut après lui et lui cria: 'Montez vite là-haut,
+  Monsieur, votre page accouche!' Le page accoucha en effet d'une fille: on
+  mit la mère et l'enfant dans un couvent à Paris."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>He afterwards went to England, where&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Les frères, cousins, et petits cousins de lady Southampton
+  l'attendaient, et les duels se mirent à lui pleuvoir dessus. Comme son
+  épée aimait assez à luire au soleil, il la tira volontiers, et avec une
+  chance telle que ses ennemis, ne pouvant le vaincre par le fer, jugèrent
+  à propos d'essayer du poison. Dégouté de perdre son temps à de pareilles
+  misères, &amp;c. &amp;c. Tant que le comte a vecu il en a eu grand soin;
+  mais il mourut en Morée, et le page fidèle ne lui survécut pas
+  long-temps. Elle est morte comme une sainte."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can you, or any of your correspondents, say <i>who</i> this
+  interesting <i>Countess of Southampton</i> was? She lived at the end of
+  the seventeenth century. In addition to these particulars, which are so
+  nicely told that I would not venture to alter them, as Orsino asks Viola,
+  "What was her history?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. R.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Hardening Steel Bars.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me
+  how thin, flat, steel bars (say three feet long) can be prevented from
+  "running" crooked when hardened in water?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pierrepont.</i>&mdash;Who was John Pierrepont of Wadworth, near
+  Doncaster, who died July, 1653, aged 75.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. F. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Diss.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ceylon.</i>&mdash;I should be much obliged to <span class="sc">Sir
+  James Tennent</span>, if he would kindly inform me where the best map of
+  Ceylon is to be got? such as are to be found in the atlases within my
+  reach are only good enough to try a man's temper, and no more.</p>
+
+  <p>May I also take the liberty of asking how soon we may expect the
+  appearance of <span class="sc">Sir James Tennent's</span> book on the
+  history, &amp;c. of Ceylon? a work which will be a great work indeed, if
+  we have at all a fair specimen of its author's learning and powers in the
+  <i>Christianity in Ceylon</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ajax.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting.</i>&mdash;Would any of your
+  correspondents direct me to some work giving me some information about
+  the painters of the Dutch and Flemish schools, their biographers, their
+  peculiarities, chefs-d'&oelig;uvre, &amp;c.?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ajax.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>To talk like a Dutch Uncle.</i>"&mdash;In some parts of America,
+  when a person has determined to give another a regular lecture, he will
+  often be heard to say, "I will talk to him like a Dutch uncle;" that is,
+  he shall not escape this time.</p>
+
+  <p>As the emigrants to America from different countries have brought
+  their national sayings with them, and as the one I am now writing about
+  was doubtless introduced by the Knickerbockers, may I ask if a similar
+  expression is now known or used in Holland?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Belgium</i>.&mdash;I want some work
+  on this subject: can any one tell me of one?</p>
+
+  <p>N.B.&mdash;A big book does not frighten me.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ajax.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Charter of Waterford.</i>&mdash;I have a copy of the English
+  translation of this charter, published in Kilkenny, with the following
+  note, written in an old hand, on the title-page:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This was first translated by William Cunningham Cunningham
+  (<i>sic</i>), a native of Carrick-on-Suir, born on Ballyrichard Road: his
+  father and brother were blacksmiths; his grand-nephew Cunningham lives
+  now a cowper (<i>sic</i>) in New Street in do. town."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I wish to know if this note is worth anything, and if the statement
+  contained in it is true?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. H.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Inscription on Penny of George III.</i>&mdash;On an old penny of
+  George III., on the reverse, I find the following inscription:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"STABIT QVOCVNQVE IECERIS."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>What does this precisely mean; or why and when was it adopted?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Shob," or "Shub," a Kentish Word.</i>&mdash;Your correspondent on
+  the Kentish word <i>sheets</i> (Vol. vi., p. 338.) may possibly be able
+  to give some account of another Kentish word, which I have met with in
+  the country about Horton-Kirby, Dartford, Crayford, &amp;c., and the
+  which I cannot find in Halliwell, or any other dictionary in my
+  possession,&mdash;viz. to <i>shob</i> or <i>shub</i>. It is applied to
+  the trimming up elm-trees in the hedge-rows, by cutting away all the
+  branches except at the head: "to shob the trees" is the expression. Now,
+  in German we have <i>schaben</i>, v. r. to shave; but in the Anglo-Saxon
+  I find nothing nearer than <i>scaf</i>, part. <i>scof</i>, to shave.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. C. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Exeter.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bishop Pursglove (Suffragan) of Hull.</i>&mdash;This prelate is
+  buried in Tideswell Church, Devonshire, and a copy of his monumental
+  brass is given in <i>Illustrations of Monumental Brasses</i>, published
+  in 1842 by the Cambridge Camden Society. Perhaps some reader of "N. &amp;
+  Q." who has access to that work will send the inscription for insertion
+  in your columns. Any information also as <!-- Page 66 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page66"></a>{66}</span>to his consecration,
+  character, and period of decease, would be acceptable. What is the best
+  work on English Suffragan bishops? I believe Wharton's <i>Suffragans</i>
+  (which, however, I do not possess to refer to) is far from being complete
+  or correct. It would be interesting to have a complete list of such
+  bishops, with the names of their sees, and dates of consecration and
+  demise. I find no Suffragan bishop after Bishop John Sterne, consecrated
+  for Colchester 12th November, 1592, and this from the valuable list in
+  Percival's <i>Apol. for Ap. Suc.</i></p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Punjaub.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Stewarts of Holland.</i>&mdash;In the year 1739 there lived in
+  Holland a Lieutenant Dougal Stewart, of the Dutch service, who was
+  married to Susan, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Fairfowl, of Bracindam.
+  He was descended from the ancient Scottish family of Stewarts of Appin,
+  in Argyleshire; and this Query is to inquire whether anything is known
+  regarding him or his descendants, if he had such? This might find a reply
+  in <i>De Navorscher</i> perhaps.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Punjaub.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh, 1543.</i>&mdash;Is there any
+  detailed account of this prelate extant? The few particulars I have been
+  able to glean respecting him are merely that he was a native of Scotland,
+  and Doctor in Divinity of the University of Paris, where he probably
+  studied theology, as was common with Scottish ecclesiastics of that day.
+  He arrived in Ireland about the year 1541, and is memorable for the
+  glory, or shame, of being the first who introduced the Jesuit order into
+  that country. Pope Paul III. nominated him to the primatial see of
+  Armagh, after the death of Archbishop Cromer in 1543, and during the
+  lifetime of Archbishop Dowdal, who was a Catholic also, but being
+  appointed Archbishop of Armagh in November 1543, by King Henry VIII., was
+  not acknowledged at Rome as such. <i>Waucup</i>, as his name is also
+  spelt, and Latinized "Venantius," never appears, however, to have been
+  able to obtain regular possession of the see of Armagh and primacy of
+  Ireland, being merely titular archbishop. Some accounts state that he was
+  blind from his childhood, but others say, and probably more correctly,
+  that he was only short-sighted. He was present at the Council of Trent in
+  1545-47, being one of the four Irish prelates who attended there; and, in
+  <i>Hist. del Concil. Trid.</i>, l. ii. p. 144., he is alluded to as
+  having been esteemed the <i>best at riding post in the
+  world!</i>&mdash;"Huomo di brevissima vista era commendato di questa, di
+  correr alla posta meglio d'huomo del mondo." I should like much to
+  ascertain the date and place of his birth, consecration, and death.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Plum-pudding.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me of the
+  origin of the following custom, and whether the ceremony is still
+  continued? I can find no mention of it in any topographical dictionary or
+  history of Devon, but it was copied from an old newspaper, bearing date
+  June 7, 1809:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"At Paignton Fair, near Exeter, the ancient custom of drawing through
+  the town a plum-pudding of an immense size, and afterwards distributing
+  it to the populace, <i>was revived</i> on Tuesday last. The ingredients
+  which composed this enormous pudding were as follows: 400 lbs. of flour,
+  170 lbs. of beef suet, 140 lbs. of raisins, and 240 eggs. It was kept
+  constantly boiling in a brewer's copper from Saturday morning to the
+  Tuesday following, when it was placed on a car decorated with ribbons,
+  evergreens, &amp;c., and drawn along the street by eight oxen."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Everard Horne Coleman.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Whene'er I asked.</i>"&mdash;I shall be very glad to know the
+  author and the exact whereabouts of the following lines, which I find
+  quoted in a MS. letter written from London to America, and dated 22nd
+  October, 1767:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Whene'er I ask'd for blessings on your head,</p>
+      <p>Nothing was cold or formal that I said;</p>
+      <p>My warmest vows to Heaven were made for thee,</p>
+      <p>And love still mingled with my piety."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">W. B. R.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia, U. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Immoral Works.</i>&mdash;What ought to be done with works of this
+  class? It is easy to answer, "destroy them:" but you and I know, and Mr.
+  Macaulay has acknowledged, that it is often necessary to rake into the
+  filthiest channels for historical and biographical evidence. I,
+  personally, doubt whether we are justified in destroying <i>any</i>
+  evidence, however loathsome and offensive it may be. What, then, are we
+  to do with it? It is impossible to keep such works in a private library,
+  even under lock and key, for death opens locks more certainly than Mr.
+  Hobbs himself. I think such ought to be preserved in the British Museum,
+  entered in its catalogue, but only permitted to be seen on good reasons
+  formally assigned in writing, and not then allowed to pass into the
+  reading-room. What is the rule at the Museum?</p>
+
+  <p>I ask these questions because I have, by accident, become possessed of
+  a poem (about 1500 lines) which professes to be written by Lord Byron, is
+  addressed to Thomas Moore, and was printed abroad many years since. It
+  begins,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Thou ermin'd judge, pull off that sable cap."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>More specific reference will not be necessary for those who have seen
+  the work. Is the writer known? I am somewhat surprised that not one of
+  Byron's friends has, so far as I know, hinted a denial of the authorship;
+  for, scarce as <!-- Page 67 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page67"></a>{67}</span>the work may be, I suppose some of them must
+  have seen it; and, under existing circumstances, it is possible that a
+  copy might get into the hands of a desperate creature who would hope to
+  make a profit, by republishing it with Byron's and Moore's names in the
+  title-page.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arms at Bristol.</i>&mdash;In a window now repairing in Bristol
+  Cathedral is this coat:&mdash;Arg. on a chevron or (<i>false
+  heraldry</i>), three stags' heads caboshed. Whose coat is this? It is
+  engraved in Lysons' <i>Gloucestershire Antiquities</i> without name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Thomson.</i>&mdash;In Thomson's "Hymn to the Seasons,"
+  line 28, occurs the following passage:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"But wandering oft, with brute, unconscious gaze,</p>
+      <p>Man marks not Thee; marks not the mighty hand</p>
+      <p>That, ever busy, wheels the silent spheres;</p>
+      <p>Works in the secret deep; shoots, <i>steaming</i>, thence</p>
+      <p>The fair profusion that o'erspreads the spring," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Can any of your readers oblige by saying whether the word
+  <i>steaming</i>, in the fourth line of the quotation, is the correct
+  reading? If so, in what sense it can be understood? if not, whether
+  <i>teeming</i> is not probably the correct word?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. M. P.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>For God will be your King to-day.</i>"&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"For God will be your King to-day,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And I'll be general under."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>My grandmother, who was a native of Somersetshire, and born in 1750,
+  used to recite a ballad to my mother, when a child, of which the above
+  lines are the only ones remembered.</p>
+
+  <p>Do they refer to the rising under the Duke of Monmouth? And where can
+  the whole of the ballad be found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. A. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">35. Dover Road.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>See where the startled wild fowl.</i>"&mdash;Where are the
+  following lines to be found? I copy them from the print of Landseer's,
+  called "The Sanctuary."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"See where the startled wild fowl screaming rise,</p>
+      <p>And seek in martial flight those golden skies.</p>
+      <p>Yon wearied swimmer scarce can win the land,</p>
+      <p>His limbs yet falter on the wat'ry strand.</p>
+      <p>Poor hunted hart! the painful struggle o'er,</p>
+      <p>How blest the shelter of that island shore!</p>
+      <p>There, while he sobs his panting heart to rest,</p>
+      <p>Nor hound nor hunter shall his lair molest."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">G. B. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ascension-day.</i>&mdash;Was "Ascension-day" ever kept a close
+  holiday the same as Good Friday and Christmas-day? And, if so, when was
+  such custom disused?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. A. Hammond.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Grogog of a Castle.</i>&mdash;It appears by a record of the
+  Irish Exchequer of 3 Edw. II., that one Walter Haket, constable of
+  Maginnegan's Castle in the co. of Dublin, confined one of the King's
+  officers in the <i>Grogog</i> thereof. Will you permit me to inquire,
+  whether this term has been applied to the prison of castles in
+  England?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. F. F.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>CANONGATE MARRIAGES.</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">(Vol. v., p. 320.)</p>
+
+  <p>I had hoped that the inquiry of R. S. F. would have drawn out some of
+  your Edinburgh correspondents; but, as they are silent upon a subject
+  they might have invested with interest, allow me to say a word upon these
+  Canongate marriages. I need not, I think, tell R. S. F. how loosely our
+  countrymen, at the period alluded to, and long subsequent thereto, looked
+  upon the marriage tie; as almost every one who has had occasion to touch
+  upon our <i>domestic</i> manners and customs has pointed at, what
+  appeared to them, and what really was, an anomaly in the character of a
+  nation somewhat boastful of their better order and greater sense of
+  propriety and decorum.</p>
+
+  <p>Besides the incidental notices of travellers, the legal records of
+  Scotland are rife with examples of litigation arising out of these
+  irregular marriages; and upon a review of the whole history of such in
+  the north, it cannot be denied that, among our staid forefathers,
+  "matrimony was more a matter of merriment"<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> than a solemn and religious
+  engagement.</p>
+
+  <p>The Courts in Scotland usually <i>frowned</i> upon cases submitted to
+  them where there was a strong presumption that either party had been
+  victimised by the other; but, unfortunately, the requirements were so
+  simple, and the facility of procuring witnesses so great, that many a
+  poor frolicksome fellow paid dearly for his joke by finding himself
+  suddenly transformed, from a bachelor, to a spick and span Benedict; and
+  that too upon evidences which would not in these days have sent a
+  fortune-telling impostor to the tread-mill: the lords of the justiciary
+  being content that some one had heard him use the endearing term of wife
+  to the pursuer, or had witnessed a mock form at an obscure public-house,
+  or that the parties were by habit and repute man and wife. How truly then
+  may it have been said, that a man in the Northern Capital, so open to
+  imposition, scarcely knew whether he was married or not.</p>
+
+  <p>In cases where the ceremony was performed, it <!-- Page 68 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page68"></a>{68}</span>did not follow that the
+  priest of Hymen should be of the clerical profession:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"To tie the knot," says John Hope, "there needed none;</p>
+      <p>He'd find a clown, in brown, or gray,</p>
+      <p>Booted and spurr'd, should preach and pray;</p>
+      <p>And, without stir, grimace, or docket,</p>
+      <p>Lug out a pray'r-book from his pocket;</p>
+      <p>And tho' he blest in wond'rous haste,</p>
+      <p>Should tie them most securely fast."</p>
+      <p class="i10"><i>Thoughts</i>, 1780.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>In Chambers's <i>Traditions of Edinburgh</i>, there is a slight
+  allusion to these Canongate marriages:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The White Horse Inn," says he, "in a close in the Canongate, is an
+  exceedingly interesting old house of entertainment. It was also
+  remarkable for the runaway couples from England, who were married in its
+  large room."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The White Hart, in the Grass-market, appears to have been another of
+  these Gretna Green houses.</p>
+
+  <p>A curious fellow, well known in Edinburgh at the period referred to,
+  was the high priest of the Canongate hymeneal altar. I need hardly say
+  this was the famous "Claudero, the son of Nimrod the Mighty Hunter," as
+  he grandiloquently styled himself: otherwise James Wilson, a disgraced
+  schoolmaster, and poet-laureate to the Edinburgh <i>canaille</i>. In the
+  large rooms of the above inns, this comical fellow usually presided, and
+  administered relief to gallant swains and love-sick damsels, and a most
+  lucrative trade he is said to have made of it:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Claudero's skull is ever dull,</p>
+      <p>Without the sterling shilling:"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>in allusion to their being called half-merk or shilling marriages.</p>
+
+  <p>Chambers gives an illustrative anecdote of our subjects' matrimonial
+  practices in that of a soldier and a countryman seeking from Wilson a
+  cast of his office: from the first Claudero took his shilling, but
+  demanded from the last a fee of five, observing&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I'll hae this sodger ance a week a' the times he's in Edinburgh, and
+  you (the countryman) I winna see again."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The Scottish poetical antiquary is familiar with this eccentric
+  character; but it may not be uninteresting to your general readers to
+  add, that when public excitement in Edinburgh ran high against the Kirk,
+  the lawyers, meal-mongers, or other <i>rogues</i> in <i>grain</i>,
+  Claudero was the vehicle through which the democratic voice found vent in
+  squibs and broadsides fired at the offending party or obnoxious measure
+  from his lair in the Canongate.</p>
+
+  <p>In his <i>Miscellanies</i>, Edin. 1766, now before me, Claudero's
+  cotemporary, Geordie Boick, in a poetical welcome to London, thus
+  compliments Wilson, and bewails the condition of the modern Athens under
+  its bereavement of the poet:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The ballad-singers and the printers,</p>
+      <p>Must surely now have starving winters;</p>
+      <p>Their press they may break a' in splinters,</p>
+      <p class="i10">I'm told they swear,</p>
+      <p>Claudero's Muse, alas! we've tint her</p>
+      <p class="i10">For ever mair."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>For want of Claudero's <i>lash</i>, his eulogist goes on to say:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Now Vice may rear her hydra head,</p>
+      <p>And strike defenceless Virtue dead;</p>
+      <p>Religion's heart may melt and bleed,</p>
+      <p class="i10">With grief and sorrow,</p>
+      <p>Since Satire from your streets is fled,</p>
+      <p class="i10">Poor Edenburrow!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Claudero was, notwithstanding, a sorry poet, a lax moralist, and a
+  sordid parson; but peace to the manes of the man, or his successor in the
+  latter office, who gave me in that same long room of the White Horse in
+  the Canongate of Edinburgh the best parents son was ever blest with!</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. O.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p><i>Letters from Edinburgh</i>, London, 1776. See also, <i>Letters from
+  a Gentleman in Scotland to his Friend in England</i> (commonly called
+  <i>Burt's Letters</i>): London, 1754.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>LADY KATHERINE GREY.</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">(Vol. vi., p. 578.)</p>
+
+  <p>There appears to be some doubt if the alleged marriage ever did take
+  place, for I find, in Baker's <i>Chronicles</i>, p. 334., that in 1563
+  "divers great persons were questioned and condemned, but had their lives
+  spared," and among them&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Lady Katherine Grey, daughter to Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, by the
+  eldest daughter of Charles Brandon, having formerly been married to the
+  Earl of Pembroke's eldest son, and from him soon after lawfully divorced,
+  was some years after found to be with child by Edward Seymour Earl of
+  Hartford, who, being at that time in France, was presently sent for: and
+  being examined before the Archbishop of Canterbury, and affirming they
+  were lawfully married, but not being able within a limited time to
+  produce witnesses of their marriage, they were both committed to the
+  Tower."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>After some further particulars of the birth of a second child in the
+  Tower, the discharge of the Lieutenant, Sir Edward Warner, and the fining
+  of the Earl by the Star Chamber, to the extent of 5000<i>l.</i>, the
+  narrative proceeds:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Though in pleading of his case, one John Hales argued they were
+  lawful man and wife <i>by virtue of their own bare consent, without any
+  ecclesiastical ceremony</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Collins, in his <i>Peerage</i> (1735), states:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The validity of this marriage being afterwards tried at Common Law,
+  the minister who married them being present, and other circumstances
+  agreeing, the jury (whereof John Digby, Esq., was foreman) found it a
+  good marriage."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><!-- Page 69 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page69"></a>{69}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Sharpe, in his <i>Peerage</i> (1833), under the title "Stamford,"
+  says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"'The manner of her departing' <i>in the Tower</i>, which Mr. Ellis
+  has printed from a MS. so entitled in the Harleian Collection, although
+  less terrible, is scarcely less affecting than that of her heroic
+  sister," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Perhaps your correspondent A. S. A. may be enabled to consult this
+  work, and so ascertain further particulars.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bury, Lancashire.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>HOWLETT THE ENGRAVER.</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">(Vol. i., p. 321.)</p>
+
+  <p>In your first Volume, an inquiry is made for information respecting
+  the above person. As I find on referring to the subsequent volumes of "N.
+  &amp; Q." that the Query never received any reply, I beg to forward a
+  cutting from the Obituary of the <i>New Monthly Magazine</i> for June,
+  1828, referring to Howlett; concerning whom, however, I cannot give any
+  further information.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"MR. BARTHOLOMEW HOWLETT.</p>
+
+  <p>"Lately in Newington, Surrey, aged sixty, Mr. Bartholomew Howlett,
+  antiquarian, draughtsman, and engraver. This artist was a pupil of Mr.
+  Heath, and for many years devoted his talents to the embellishment of
+  works on topography and antiquities. His principal publication, and which
+  will carry his name down to posterity with respect as an artist, was <i>A
+  Selection of Views in the County of Lincoln; comprising the Principal
+  Towns and Churches, the Remains of Castles and Religious Houses, and
+  Seats of the Nobility and Gentry; with Topographical and Historical
+  Accounts of each View</i>. This handsome work was completed in 4to. in
+  1805. The drawings are chiefly by T. Girtin, Nattes, Nash, Corbould,
+  &amp;c., and the engravings are highly creditable to the burin of Mr.
+  Howlett. Mr. Howlett was much employed by the late Mr. Wilkinson on his
+  <i>Londina Illustrata</i>; by Mr. Stevenson in his second edition of
+  Bentham's <i>Ely</i>; by Mr. Frost, in his recent <i>Notices of Hull</i>;
+  and in numerous other topographical works. He executed six plans and
+  views for Major Anderson's <i>Account of the Abbey of St. Denis</i>; and
+  occasionally contributed to the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, and engraved
+  several plates for it. In 1817, Mr. Howlett issued proposals for <i>A
+  Topographical Account of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, illustrated by
+  Engravings</i>. These were to have been executed from drawings by
+  himself, of which he made several, and also formed considerable
+  collections; but we believe he only published one number, consisting of
+  three plates and no letter-press. We hope the manuscripts he has left may
+  form a groundwork for a future topographer. They form part of the large
+  collections for Surrey, in the hands of Mr. Tytam. In 1826, whilst the
+  Royal Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katharine, near the Tower,
+  was pulling down, he made a series of drawings on the spot, which it was
+  his intention to have engraved and published. But the greatest effort of
+  his pencil was in the service of his kind patron and friend, John Caley,
+  Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., keeper of the records in the Augmentation Office.
+  For this gentleman Mr. Howlett made finished drawings from upwards of a
+  thousand original seals of the monastic and religious houses of this
+  kingdom."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">B. Hudson.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Congleton, Cheshire.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>CHAUCER.</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">(Vol. vi., p. 603.)</p>
+
+  <p>In reference to the question raised by J. N. B., what authority there
+  is for asserting that Chaucer pursued the study of the law at the Temple,
+  I send you the following extract from a sketch of his life by one of his
+  latest biographers, Sir Harris Nicolas:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It has been said that Chaucer was originally intended for the law,
+  and that, from some cause which has not reached us, and on which it would
+  be idle to speculate, the design was abandoned. The acquaintance he
+  possessed with the classics, with divinity, with astronomy, with so much
+  as was then known of chemistry, and indeed with every other branch of the
+  scholastic learning of the age, proves that his education had been
+  particularly attended to; and his attainments render it impossible to
+  believe that he quitted college at the early period at which persons
+  destined for a military life usually began their career. It was not then
+  the custom for men to pursue learning for its own sake; and the most
+  rational manner of accounting for the extent of Chaucer's acquirements,
+  is to suppose that he was educated for a learned profession. The
+  knowledge he displays of divinity would make it more likely that he was
+  intended for the church than for the bar, were it not that the writings
+  of the Fathers were generally read by all classes of students. One writer
+  says that Chaucer was a member of the Inner Temple, and that while there
+  he was fined two shillings for beating a Franciscan friar in Fleet
+  Street<a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>; and
+  another (Leland) observes, that after he had travelled in France,
+  'collegia leguleiorum frequentavit.' Nothing, however, is positively
+  known of Chaucer until the autumn of 1359, when he himself says he was in
+  the army with which Edward III. invaded France, and that he served for
+  the first time on that occasion."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following remarks are from the <i>Life of Chaucer</i>, by William
+  Godwin, Lond. 1803, vol. i. p. 357.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The authority which of late has been principally relied upon with
+  respect to Chaucer's legal education is that of Mr. Speght, who, in his
+  <i>Life of Chaucer</i>, says, 'Not many yeeres since, Master Buckley did
+  see a record in the same house [the Inner Temple], where Geoffrey Chaucer
+  was fined two shillings for beating a Franciscane fryar in
+  Fleet-streete.' This certainly <!-- Page 70 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page70"></a>{70}</span>would be excellent evidence, were it not for
+  the dark and ambiguous manner in which it is produced. I should have been
+  glad that Mr. Speght had himself seen the record, instead of Master
+  Buckley, of whom I suppose no one knows who he is: why did he not? I
+  should have been better satisfied if the authority had not been
+  introduced with so hesitating and questionable a phrase as 'not many
+  yeeres since;' and I also think that it would have been better if Master
+  Buckley had given us the date annexed to the record; as we should then at
+  least have had the satisfaction of knowing whether it did not belong to
+  some period before our author was born, or after he had been committed to
+  the grave. Much stress, therefore, cannot be laid upon the supposition of
+  Chaucer having belonged to the Society of the Inner Temple."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>"Speght, who states that a Mr. Buckley had seen a record of the Inner
+  Temple to that effect."&mdash;<i>Note by Sir H. N.</i></p>
+
+</div>
+<hr />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Pyrogallic Acid</i> (Vol. vi., p. 612.).&mdash;In answer to the
+  Query of your correspondent E. S., I beg to give the following method of
+  preparing pyrogallic acid (first published by Dr. Stenhouse), which I
+  have tried and found perfectly successful.</p>
+
+  <p>Make a strong aqueous infusion of powdered galls; pour it off from the
+  undissolved residue, and carefully evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat:
+  towards the conclusion of the process the extract is very liable to burn;
+  this is best prevented by continued stirring with a glass or porcelain
+  spatula. Next, procure a flat-bottomed iron pan, about ten inches
+  diameter and five inches deep. Make a hat of cartridge paper pasted
+  together, about seven inches high, to slip over and accurately fit the
+  top of the iron pan. Strew the bottom of the pan with the gall extract to
+  the depth of three-quarters of an inch; over the top stretch and tie a
+  piece of bibulous paper pierced with numerous pin-holes; over this place
+  the hat, and tie it also tightly round the top of the pan.</p>
+
+  <p>The whole apparatus is now to be placed in a sand-bath, and heat
+  cautiously applied. It is convenient to place a glass thermometer in the
+  sand-bath as near the iron pan as possible. The heat is to be continued
+  about an hour, and to be kept as near 420° Fah. as possible; on no
+  account is it to exceed 450°. The vapour of the acid condenses in the
+  hat, and the crystals are prevented from falling back into the pan by the
+  bibulous paper diaphragm. When it is supposed that the whole of the acid
+  is sublimed, the strings are to be untied, and the hat and diaphragm
+  cautiously taken off together; the crystals will be found in considerable
+  quantity, and should be removed into a stoppered bottle; they should be
+  very brilliant and perfectly white; if there is any yellow tinge, the
+  heat has been too great.</p>
+
+  <p>I believe that close attention to the above details will ensure
+  success to any one who chooses to try the process, but at the same time I
+  must remind your correspondents that scarcely any operation in chemistry
+  is perfectly successful the first time of trial.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. G. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Clapham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Stereoscopic Pictures with One Camera</i> (Vol. vi., p.
+  587.).&mdash;In reply to the inquiry of <span class="sc">Ramus</span>,
+  allow me to say the matter is not difficult. My plan is as
+  follows:&mdash;Suppose a piece of still-life to be the subject. Set up
+  the camera at such a distance as will give a picture of the size
+  intended, suppose it sixteen feet from the principal and central object;
+  by means of a measuring tape or a piece of string, measure the exact
+  distance from the principal object to the front of the camera. Take and
+  complete the first picture; if it prove successful, remove the camera
+  about two feet either to the right or left of its first station
+  (<i>i.e.</i> according to the judgment formed as to which will afford the
+  most artistic view of the subject), taking care by help of the tape or
+  string to preserve the same distance between the principal object and the
+  camera, and that the adjustment of focus is not disturbed. In other
+  words, the camera must be moved to another part of the arc of a circle,
+  of which the principal object is the centre, and the measured distance
+  the radius. If the arc through which the camera is moved to its second
+  station be too large, the stereoscopic picture will be unnaturally and
+  unpleasingly distorted. The second picture is now to be taken.</p>
+
+  <p>If the subject be a sitter, it is of the utmost importance to proceed
+  as quickly as possible, as the identical position must be retained
+  movelessly till both pictures are completed. This (in my experience) is
+  scarcely practicable with collodion pictures, unless by the aid of an
+  assistant and two levelled developing-stands in the dark closet; for the
+  time occupied by starting the first picture on its development, and
+  preparing the second glass plate (scarcely less than three or four
+  minutes), will be a heavy tax on the quiescent powers of the sitter. This
+  difficulty is avoided by adopting the Daguerreotype process, as the
+  plates can be prepared beforehand, and need not be developed before both
+  pictures are taken. In this case the only delay between the pictures is
+  in the shifting the position of the camera. This is readily done by
+  providing a table of suitable height (instead of the ordinary tripod), on
+  which an arc of a circle is painted, having for its centre the place of
+  the sitter. If the sitter be at the distance of eleven or twelve feet (my
+  usual distance with a 3¼ inch Voightlander), the camera need not be moved
+  more than ten or twelve inches; and even this distance produces some
+  visible distortion to an accurate observer.</p>
+
+  <p>The second levelling stand is required when using the collodion
+  process, because the second <!-- Page 71 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page71"></a>{71}</span>picture will be ready for development before
+  the developing and fixing of the first has set its stand at liberty.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cokely.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Crookes' Wax-paper Process</i> (Vol. vi., p. 613.).&mdash;R. E.
+  wishes to know the exact meaning of the sentence, "With the addition of
+  as <i>much free iodine</i> as will give it a sherry colour." After adding
+  the iodide of potassium to the water, a small quantity of iodine (this
+  can be proctored at any operative chemist's) is to be dissolved in the
+  mixture until it be of the proper colour.</p>
+
+  <p>The paper is decidedly more sensitive if exposed wet, but it should
+  not be washed; and I think it is advisable to have a double quantity of
+  nitrate of silver in the exciting bath. I have not yet tried any other
+  salt than iodide of potassium for the first bath; but I hope before the
+  summer to lay before your readers a simpler, and I think superior
+  wax-paper process, upon which I am at present experimenting.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Crookes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hammersmith.</p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;I see that in the tables R. E. has given, he has nearly
+  doubled the strength of my iodine bath. It should be twenty-four grains
+  to the ounce, instead of forty-four; and he has entirely left out the
+  iodine.</p>
+
+  <p><i>India Rubber a Substitute for Yellow Glass.</i>&mdash;I think that
+  I have made a discovery which may be useful to photographers. It is known
+  that some kinds of yellow glass effectually obstruct the passage of the
+  chemical rays, and that other kinds do not, according to the manner in
+  which the glass is prepared.</p>
+
+  <p>I have never heard or read of India rubber being used for this
+  purpose; but I believe it will be found perfectly efficient, and will
+  therefore state how I arrived at this conclusion.</p>
+
+  <p>Having occasion to remove a slate from the side of my roof, to make an
+  opening for my camera, I thought of a sheet of India rubber to supply the
+  place of the slate, and thus obtain a flexible waterproof covering to
+  exclude the wet, and to open and shut at pleasure. This succeeded
+  admirably, but I found that I had also obtained a deep rich yellow
+  window, which perfectly lighted a large closet, previously quite dark,
+  and in which for the last ten days I have excited and developed the most
+  sensitive iodized collodion on glass. I therefore simply announce the
+  fact, as it may be of some importance, if verified by others and by
+  further experiment. I have not yet tested it with a lens and the solution
+  of sulphite of quinine, as I wished the sun to shine on the sheet of
+  India rubber at the time, which would decide the question. However, sheet
+  India rubber can be obtained of any size and thickness required: mine is
+  about one-sixteenth of an inch thick, and one foot square; and the
+  advantages over glass would be great in some cases, especially for a dark
+  tent in the open air, as any amount of light might be obtained by
+  stitching a sheet of India rubber into the side, which would fold up
+  without injury. It is possible that gutta percha windows would answer the
+  same purpose.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. Y. W. N.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Brompton.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. Diamond's Paper Processes.</i>&mdash;We have been requested to
+  call attention to, and to correct several errors of the press overlooked
+  by us in <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond's</span> article, in the hurry of
+  preparing our enlarged Number (No. 166.). The most important is in the
+  account of the <i>exciting</i> fluid,&mdash;the omission, at p. 21. col.
+  1. l. 47. (after directions to take one drachm of aceto-nitrate of
+  silver), of the words "<i>one drachm of saturated solution of gallic
+  acid</i>." The passage should run thus: "Of this solution take one
+  drachm, and one drachm of saturated solution of gallic acid, and add to
+  it two ounces and a half of distilled water."</p>
+
+  <p>In the same page, col. 2. l. 13., "solvent" should be "saturated;" and
+  in the same article, <i>passim</i>, "hyposulphate" should be
+  "hyposulphite," and "solari<i>s</i>e" should be "solari<i>z</i>e."</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Ancient Timber Town-halls.</i>&mdash;Since my account of ancient
+  town-halls (Vol. v., p. 470.) was written, one of these fabrics of the
+  olden time noticed therein has ceased to exist, that of Kington, co.
+  Hereford, it having been taken down early in November last, but for what
+  reason I have not learned. Another, formerly standing in the small town
+  of Church Stretton, in the co. of Salop, which was erected upon wooden
+  pillars, and constructed entirely of timber, must have been a truly
+  picturesque building, was taken down in September, 1840. A woodcut of the
+  latter is now before me. Of the old market-house at Leominster I possess
+  a very beautiful original drawing, done by Mr. Carter upwards of half a
+  century ago.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitborne.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Magnetic Intensity</i> (Vol. vi., p. 578.).&mdash;The magnetic
+  intensity is greatest at the poles; the ratio may roughly be said to be
+  1.3, but more accurately 1 to 2.906. This is found by observation of the
+  oscillations of a vertical or horizontal needle. A needle which made 245
+  oscillations in ten minutes at Paris, made only 211 at 7° <span
+  class="nw">1&prime;</span> south lat. in Peru. The intensity and
+  variations to which it is subject is strictly noted at all the magnetic
+  observatories, and I believe the disturbances of intensity which
+  sometimes occur have been found to be simultaneous by a comparison of
+  observations at different latitudes.</p>
+
+  <p>For the fullest information on magnetic intensity, <span
+  class="sc">Adsum</span> is referred to Sabine's <i>Report on</i> <!--
+  Page 72 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page72"></a>{72}</span><i>Magnetic Intensity</i>, also Sabine's
+  <i>Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism</i>, 1843, No. V.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Monument at Wadstena</i> (Vol. vi., pp. 388. 518.).&mdash;I have
+  received the following (which I translate) from my friend in Denmark,
+  whom I mentioned in my last communication on this monument:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is only about a month since I saw Queen Philippa's tombstone in
+  the church of Vadstena Monastery. It is a very large stone, on which the
+  device and inscription are cut in outline, but there is no <i>brass</i>
+  about it. King Erik Menved's and Queen Ingeberg's monument in Ringsted
+  Church is the finest brass I ever saw, and I have seen many."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There is a good engraving of the brass alluded to, which is a very
+  rich one, in <i>Antiquariske Annaler</i>, vol. iii.: Copenhagen, 1820.
+  The inscriptions are curious, and the date 1319.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Wallington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>David Routh, R. C. Bishop of Ossory</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  169.).&mdash;In the article on a Cardinal's Monument, by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. J. Graves</span>, of Kilkenny, allusion is made to the
+  monument of the above Catholic Bishop Routh or Rothe, as being in the
+  Cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, with his arms "surmounted by a
+  <i>cardinal's hat</i>," and that he died some years after 1643. If <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Graves</span> would give the date of this prelate's
+  decease, or rather a copy of the full inscription on his monument, with a
+  notice of the sculptured armorial bearings thereupon, he would be
+  conferring a favour on a distant inquirer; and as <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Graves</span> is, apparently, a resident at Kilkenny, no obstacle exists
+  to prevent his complying with this request.</p>
+
+  <p>Any notices procurable regarding Bishop Routh are well deserving of
+  insertion in "N. &amp; Q.," for he was a man of deep learning and
+  research, and is well known to have assisted the celebrated Archbishop
+  Ussher of Armagh in the compilation of his <i>Primordia</i>, for which he
+  had high compliments paid him by that eminent prelate, notwithstanding
+  their being of different religions.</p>
+
+  <p>Bishop Routh was also himself the author of a work on <i>Irish
+  Ecclesiastical History</i>, now very rare, and seldom procurable
+  complete. He published it anonymously, in two volumes 8vo., in the year
+  1617, at "Coloniæ, apud Steph. Rolinum," with the following rather long
+  title:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Analecta Sacra, Nova, et Mira, de Rebus Catholicorum in Hibernia:
+  Divisa in tres partes, quarum I, Continet semestrem gravaminam
+  relationem, secundâ hac editione novis adauctam additamentis, et Notis
+  illustratam. II. Parænesin ad Martyres designatos. III. Processum
+  Martyrialem quorundam Fidei Pugilium; Collectore et Relatore, T. N.
+  Philadelpho."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I fear this has degenerated from a Note into a Query; however, I may
+  state in conclusion, that <span class="sc">Mr. Graves</span> is in error
+  in styling the hat on Bishop Routh's monument a cardinal's, for all
+  Catholic prelates, and abbots also, have their armorial bearings
+  surmounted by a hat, exactly similar to a cardinal's hat, with this
+  difference only, that the number of tassels depending from it varies
+  according to the rank of the prelate, from the <i>cardinal's</i> with
+  fifteen tassels in five rows, down to that of a <i>prior</i> with three
+  only on each side in two rows.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Punjaub.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cardinal Erskine</i> (Vol. ii., p. 406.; Vol. iii., p.
+  13.).&mdash;Several notices of this ecclesiastic have appeared in "N.
+  &amp; Q.," but as none of them give the exact information required, I now
+  do so, though perhaps tardily. He was born 13th February, 1753, at Rome,
+  where his father, Colin Erskine, a Jacobite, and exiled scion of the
+  noble Scottish house of Erskine, Earls of Kellie, had taken up his
+  residence. "Monsignor Charles Erskine," having embraced the
+  ecclesiastical life at an early age, and passed through several
+  gradations in the Church of Rome, was, in 1785, "Promotore della Fede,"
+  an office of the Congregation of Rites; in 1794 auditor to Pope Pius VI.,
+  and raised to the purple by Pope Pius VII., who created him a
+  <i>Cardinal</i><span class="nw">-Deacon</span> of the Holy Roman Church,
+  25th February, 1801. Cardinal Erskine accompanied the latter pontiff in
+  his exile from Rome in the year 1809, and died at Paris, 19th March,
+  1811, in the fifty-eighth year of his age, and eleventh of his
+  cardinalate.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. S. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Punjaub.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Ne'er to these chambers," &amp;c.</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  14.).&mdash;In reply to <span class="sc">Aram's</span> Query: "Where do
+  these lines come from?" they come from Tickell's sublime and pathetic
+  "Elegy on the Death of Addison." <span class="sc">Aram</span> ("Wits have
+  short memories," &amp;c.) has <i>misquoted</i> them. In a poem of so high
+  a mood, to <i>displace</i> a word is to destroy a beauty. <span
+  class="sc">Aram</span> has <i>interpolated</i> several words. The
+  following is the <i>true</i> version:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ne'er to these chambers, where the mighty rest,</p>
+      <p>Since their foundation, came a nobler guest,</p>
+      <p>Nor e'er was to the bowers of bliss convey'd</p>
+      <p>A fairer spirit, or more welcome shade."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">George Daniel.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Canonbury.</p>
+
+  <p>These lines are taken from the "Elegy on the Death of Addison,"
+  written by Tickell. They are, if I remember rightly, inscribed on the
+  gravestone recently placed over his remains by the Earl of Ellesmere, in
+  the north aisle of Henry VII.'s Chapel. The last two lines which your
+  correspondent quotes should be as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nor <i>e'er was to the bowers of bliss convey'd</i></p>
+      <p>A <i>fairer</i> spirit, or more welcome shade."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">J. K. R. W.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 73 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page73"></a>{73}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Budget</i> (Vol. vi., p. 604.).&mdash;It may be useful to
+  inform <span class="sc">Prestoniensis</span>, that, in a recent work on
+  political economy, M. Ch. Coquelin says, that the word <i>budget</i>, in
+  its present signification, has passed into France from England: the
+  latter country having first borrowed it from the old French
+  language&mdash;<i>bougette</i> signifying (and particularly in old
+  Norman) a leather purse. It was the custom in England to put into a
+  leather bag the estimates of receipts and expenditure presented to
+  parliament: and hence, as Coquelin observes, the term passed from the
+  containant to the contained, and, with this new signification, returned
+  from this country into France; where it was first used in an official
+  manner in the <i>arrêtés</i> of the Consul's 4th Themidor, year X, and
+  17th Germinal, year XI.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. H.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Catching a Tartar</i>" (Vol. vi., p. 317.).&mdash;This common and
+  expressive saying is thus explained in Arvine's <i>Cyclopædia</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In some battle between the Russians and the Tartars, who are a wild
+  sort of people in the north of Asia, a private soldier called out,
+  'Captain, halloo there! I've caught a Tartar!' 'Fetch him along then,'
+  said the Captain. 'Ay, but he won't let me,' said the man. And the fact
+  was the Tartar had caught him. So when a man thinks to take another in,
+  and gets himself bit, they say he's caught a Tartar."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Grose says that this saying originated with an Irish soldier who was
+  in the "Imperial," that is, I suppose he means the Austrian service. This
+  is hardly probable; the Irish are made to father many sayings which do
+  not rightly belong to them, and this I think may be safely written as one
+  among the number.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Eirionnach</span> has now two references before him,
+  Grose's <i>Glossary</i> and Arvine's <i>Cyclopædia</i>, in which his
+  Query is partly explained, if he can but find the dates of their
+  publication. In this search I regret I cannot assist him, as neither of
+  these works are to be found in the libraries of this island; at least
+  thus far I have not been able to meet with them.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Termination "-itis"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 13.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Adsum</span> asks: "What is the derivation of the term
+  <i><span class="nw">-itis</span></i>, used principally in medical words,
+  and these signifying, inflammation?" If "N. &amp; Q." were a medical
+  journal, the question might be answered at length, to the great advantage
+  of the profession; for, of late years, this termination has been tacked
+  on by medical writers, especially foreigners, to words of all kinds, in
+  utter defiance of the rules of language: as if a Greek affix were quite a
+  natural ending to a Latin or French noun. <i><span
+  class="nw">-itis</span></i> can with propriety be appended only to those
+  Greek nouns whose adjectives end in <span title="-itês" class="grk"><span
+  class="nw">-&iota;&tau;&eta;&sigmaf;</span>:</span> <i>e.g.</i> <span
+  title="pleura, pleuritês" class="grk"
+  >&pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;&alpha;,
+  &pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;&iota;&tau;&eta;&sigmaf;</span>; <span
+  title="keras, keratitês" class="grk"
+  >&kappa;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha;&sigmaf;,
+  &kappa;&epsilon;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&iota;&tau;&eta;&sigmaf;</span>, &amp;c.
+  <span title="Pleuritis" class="grk"
+  >&Pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;&iota;&tau;&iota;&sigmaf;</span> is
+  used by Hippocrates. <span title="Pleura" class="grk"
+  >&Pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;&alpha;</span> means the membrane
+  lining the side of the chest: <span title="pleuritis" class="grk"
+  >&pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;&iota;&tau;&iota;&sigmaf;</span>
+  (<span title="nodos" class="grk"
+  >&nu;&omicron;&delta;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span> understood) is morbus
+  lateralis, the side-disease, or pleurisy. In the same manner
+  <i>keratitis</i> is a very legitimate synonym for disease of the horny
+  coat (cornea) of the eye. But medical writers, disregarding the rules of
+  language, have, for some years past, revelled in the use of their
+  favourite <i><span class="nw">-itis</span></i> to a most ludicrous
+  extent. Thus, from <i>cornea</i>, they make "corneitis," and describe an
+  inflammation of the crystalline lens as <i>lentitis</i>. Nay, some French
+  and German writers on diseases of the eyes have coined the monstrous word
+  "Descemetitis," on the ground that one Monsieur Descemet discovered a
+  structure in the eye, which, out of compliment to him, was called "the
+  membrane of Descemet."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jaydee.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">WANTED TO PURCHASE.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Defence of Usury</span>, by <span
+  class="sc">Bentham</span>. (A Tract.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Treatise on Law</span>, by <span
+  class="sc">Mackinloch</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Two Discourses of Purgatory and Prayers for the
+  Dead</span>, by <span class="sc">Wm. Wake</span>. 1687.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">What the Chartists are.</span> A Letter to English
+  Working Men, by a Fellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Letter of Church Rates</span>, by <span
+  class="sc">Ralph Barnes</span>. 8vo. London, 1837.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Colman's Translation of Horace De Arte
+  Poetica.</span> 4to. 1783.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Casaubon's Treatise on Greek and Roman
+  Satire.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Boscawen's Treatise on Satire.</span> London,
+  1797.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Johnson's Lives</span> (Walker's Classics). Vol.
+  I.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Titmarsh's Paris Sketch-book.</span> Post 8vo. Vol.
+  I. Macrone, 1840.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Archbishop Leighton's Works.</span> Vol. IV. 8vo
+  Edition. 1819.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Fielding's Works.</span> Vol. XI. (being second of
+  "Amelia.") 12mo. 1808.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Holcroft's Lavater.</span> Vol. I. 8vo. 1789.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Otway.</span> Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 1768.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Edmondson's Heraldry.</span> Vol. II. Folio,
+  1780.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sermons and Tracts</span>, by <span class="sc">W.
+  Adams</span>, D.D.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Gentleman's Magazine</span> for January 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ben Jonson's Works.</span> (London, 1716. 6 Vols.)
+  Vol. II. wanted.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Pursuit of Knowledge.</span> (Original Edition.)
+  Vol. I.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Rapin's History of England</span>, 8vo. Vols. I.,
+  III. and V. of the <span class="sc">Continuation</span> by <span
+  class="sc">Tindal</span>. 1744.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sharpe's Prose Writers.</span> Vol. IV. 21 Vols.
+  1819. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Inchbald's British Theatre.</span> Vol. XXIV. 25
+  Vols. Longman.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Meyrick's Ancient Armour</span>, by <span
+  class="sc">Skelton</span>. Part XVI.</p>
+
+  <p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> <i>Correspondents sending Lists
+  of Books Wanted are requested to send their names.</i></p>
+
+  <p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> Letters, stating particulars and
+  lowest price, <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Bell</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet street.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Owing to the necessity of infringing on the present Number for the
+  Title-page of our Sixth Volume, we are compelled to omit many interesting
+  communications, and also our usual</i> <span class="sc">Notes on
+  Books</span>, <i>&amp;c.</i></p>
+
+  <p>B. H. C.<i>'s communication on the subject of "Proclamations" has been
+  forwarded to</i> <span class="sc">Mr. Bruce</span>. <!-- Page 74 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page74"></a>{74}</span></p>
+
+  <p>A. S. T. <i>The line is from Prior</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Fine by degrees and beautifully less."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>T. M. G. (Worcester) <i>is thanked</i>. <i>As the entire document
+  would not occupy any great space, we shall be obliged by the opportunity
+  of inserting it.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Notes on Old London</span> <i>have only been thrust
+  aside</i>. <i>They are intended for early insertion.</i></p>
+
+  <p>M. B. C. <i>We fear this cannot be avoided. The only consolation is,
+  the additional interest with which the volumes will be regarded a century
+  hence.</i></p>
+
+  <p>N. C. L., <i>who writes respecting Shaw's</i> Stafford MSS., <i>is
+  requested to say how a communication may be forwarded to him</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Reader</span>, <i>who writes respecting the "Arnold
+  Family," the same</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>W. S.'s (Sheffield) <i>communications are at press, and shall have
+  early attention</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>J. E. L. <i>is thanked</i>. <i>We can assure him that the present
+  result of much consideration and many communications, both by letter and
+  personally, is to impress us with the feeling that the majority approve.
+  The book-men shall, however, be no losers.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">New Ordinary of Arms.</span> <i>The anonymous
+  Correspondent on this subject will obtain the information of which he is
+  in search on reference to its Editor, Mr. J. W. Papworth, 14 <span
+  class="sm">A.</span> Great Marlborough Street, London.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Aldiborontophoskophornio&mdash;World without a
+  Sun.</span> <i>The many Correspondents who have replied to these Queries
+  are thanked.</i></p>
+
+  <p>C. (Pontefract) <i>is requested to forward copies of the Queries in
+  question</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Rev. E. B.</span> (B***) <i>is requested to state the
+  subject of his communication. In his last very extraordinary letter he
+  has omitted this important piece of information.</i></p>
+
+  <p>C. E. F. <i>who complains of the disappearance of a portion of the
+  collodion film at the spot where the hyposulphite of soda is applied, is
+  informed that this is by no means an uncommon occurrence, and indicates
+  the feeble action of the light at the present time of year. By using the
+  glass a little larger than is required, as has been before recommended,
+  and pouring the hyposulphite of soda on the portion which is to be cut
+  off, and allowing it to flow over the picture, the defect will generally
+  be avoided. A much stronger solution of the hyposulphite of soda may be
+  used&mdash;say, one ounce to two ounces of water; and then, by preserving
+  the solution, and using it over and over again, a more agreeable picture
+  is produced. The solution, when it becomes weak, may be refreshed by a
+  few crystals of the fresh salt added to it.</i></p>
+
+  <p>F. W. <i>If the bath of nitrate of silver produces the semi-opaque
+  appearance upon the collodion, in all probability there is no
+  hyposulphite of soda in the bath: three or four drops of tincture of
+  iodine added to each ounce of the solution of nitrate of silver in the
+  bath, often acts very beneficially. All doubtful solutions of nitrate of
+  silver it is well to precipitate by means of common salt, collect the
+  chloride, and reduce it again to its metallic state. The paper process
+  described by <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> in our 166th Number is
+  calculated both for positives and negatives.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"Notes and Queries" <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that the
+  Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel, and
+  deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for JANUARY, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, or by
+  post 2<i>s.</i> (commencing a new volume), contains:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="hid">VII</span>I. The Hungarian Struggle and Arthur Görgey.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">VI</span>II. Scottish Preachers and Preaching.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">V</span>III. Thackeray's History of Colonel Esmond.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">II</span>IV. British South Africa.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">III</span>V. Solwan; or Waters of Comfort.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">II</span>VI. Religious Persecutions in Tuscany.</p>
+      <p><span class="hid">I</span>VII. The Distribution of the Representation.</p>
+      <p>VIII. Review of the Month, &amp;c. &amp;.c</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>This day is published, No. IX., price 1<i>s.</i> (80 pp.),</p>
+
+  <p>THE HOMILIST; and Bi-Monthly Pulpit Review.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Contents:</span></p>
+
+  <p>HOMILY:&mdash;The Historic Forms of Anti-Theism.</p>
+
+  <p>GERMS OF THOUGHT.</p>
+
+  <p>THE GENIUS OF THE GOSPEL:&mdash;The Temptation of Christ; or, the
+  Typal Battle of the Good.</p>
+
+  <p>GLANCES AT SOME OF THE GREAT PREACHERS OF ENGLAND:&mdash;Hugh
+  Latimer.</p>
+
+  <p>THEOLOGICAL AND PULPIT LITERATURE:&mdash;Schleiermacher. Wellington
+  and the Pulpit.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>No. X. will be published on the 1st of March.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>WARD &amp; CO., 27. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="ac">Just published, 1 vol. 8vo., price 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="ac">ANCIENT IRISH MINSTRELSY,
+by REV. W. HAMILTON
+DRUMMOND, D.D., M.R.S.A.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A graceful addition to the lover of Ancient Minstrelsy, whether he be
+  Irishman or not. A man need not be English to enjoy the Chevy Chace, nor
+  Scotch to value the Border Minstrelsy. The extracts we have given from
+  Dr. Drummond's work, so full of force and beauty, will satisfy him, we
+  trust, he need not be Irish to enjoy the fruits of Dr. D.'s
+  labours."&mdash;<i>The Dublin Advocate.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="ac">Dublin: HODGES &amp; SMITH, Grafton
+Street. London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL,
+&amp; CO., 4. Stationers' Hall Court.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="ac">Just published, Vol. I., 2<i>l.</i> 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="ac">DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE,
+measured and drawn
+from existing Examples, by J. K. COLLING,
+Architect.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">No. XXV. of Vol. II. contains:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>West Doorway of North Aisle, Kingsbury Church, Warwick. South Doorway,
+  Ebony Chapel, Kent.</p>
+
+  <p>Corbel from the Mayor's Chapel, Bristol.</p>
+
+  <p>Sedilia and Piscina in the Chantry Chapel, Bitton Church,
+  Gloucestershire.</p>
+
+  <p>Ditto, Ditto, Section and Details.</p>
+
+  <p>Naves, Piers, and Arches, Wittersham Church, Kent. Ditto, Fishtoft
+  Church, Lincoln, Ditto, St. Mary's Church, Scarborough.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="ac">Also,</p>
+
+<p class="ac">GOTHIC ORNAMENTS,</p>
+
+  <p>Being a Series of Examples of enriched Details and Accessories of the
+  Architecture of Great Britain. Drawn from existing Authorities by JAMES
+  K. COLLING, Architect. 2 vols. 4to., 7<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i>, cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street,
+and DAVID BOGUE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="ac">To Members of Learned Societies, Authors, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>ASHBEE &amp; DANGERFIELD, LITHOGRAPHERS, DRAUGHTSMEN, AND PRINTERS,
+  18. Broad Court, Long Acre.</p>
+
+  <p>A. &amp; D. respectfully beg to announce that they devote particular
+  attention to the execution of ANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, comprising
+  Autograph Letters, Deeds, Charters, Title-pages, Engravings, Woodcuts,
+  &amp;c., which they produce from any description of copies with the
+  utmost accuracy, and without the slightest injury to the originals.</p>
+
+  <p>Among the many purposes to which the art of Lithography is most
+  successfully applied, may be specified,&mdash;ARCHÆOLOGICAL DRAWINGS,
+  Architecture, Landscapes, Marine Views, Portraits from Life or Copies,
+  Illuminated MSS., Monumental Brasses, Decorations, Stained Glass Windows,
+  Maps, Plans, Diagrams, and every variety of illustrations requisite for
+  Scientific and Artistic Publications.</p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS lithographed with the greatest care and
+  exactness.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">LITHOGRAPHIC OFFICES, 18. Broad
+Court, Long Acre, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Twenty-five Letters of Nelson, near One Hundred interesting Letters of
+  the Duke of Wellington, Important State Papers illustrative of the Reign
+  of George III., and other very valuable Autographs.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, January 24,
+  and Two following Days, a Valuable Assemblage of Autograph Letters, in
+  the finest preservation; including the Joint Collections of S. J. PRATT
+  and DR. MAVOR; amongst which will be found many Letters of great Rarity
+  and Interest, Selections from the Fairfax and Rupert Correspondence,
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Catalogues will be sent on Application (if in the Country, on receipt
+  of Six Stamps).</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Theology, Voyages and Travels, American History and Literature, and
+  the celebrated Copy of the Scriptures known as "The Bowyer Bible."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on SATURDAY, Feb. 26, and
+  Five following Days, an Extensive and Valuable Collection of Curious and
+  Interesting Voyages and Travels, many of which relate to America, the
+  East and West Indies, &amp;c.: also valuable Theological Books, including
+  a large Collection of the Works of Puritan Writers; to which is added,
+  the Celebrated Copy of the Holy Scriptures, known as</p>
+
+<p class="ac">"THE BOWYER BIBLE,"</p>
+
+  <p>the most extensively Illustrated Book extant formed at a cost of
+  several Thousand Pounds; the elaborately Carved Oak Case to contain the
+  same, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Catalogues are preparing, and may shortly be had.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="ac">Recently published, price 2<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>DEATH THE LEVELLER. A Sermon preached in Ecclesfield Parish Church, by
+  the REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar, on the 21st of November, 1852, the
+  Sunday after the Funeral of the Duke of Wellington.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Published by Request.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 75 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page75"></a>{75}</span></p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from l<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MR. HENRI VAN LAUN assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge
+  of the French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with
+  the ancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages,
+  and also with the best English authors, he can render his lessons
+  valuable to gentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He
+  also undertakes the translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be
+  addressed, pre-paid. ANDREW'S Library, 167. New Bond Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<table class="mc"><tr><td>
+<span class="gap"></span><i>Directors.</i><br />
+H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.<br />
+William Cabell, Esq.<br />
+T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.<br />
+G. Henry Drew, Esq.<br />
+William Evans, Esq.<br />
+William Freeman, Esq.<br />
+F. Fuller, Esq.<br />
+J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.<br />
+T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+James Hunt, Esq.<br />
+J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.<br />
+E. Lucas, Esq.<br />
+James Lys Seager, Esq.<br />
+J. Basley White, Esq.<br />
+Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.<br />
+<br />
+<span class="gap"></span><i>Trustees.</i><br />
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;<br />
+L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;<br />
+George Drew, Esq.
+</td></tr></table>
+
+<p class="ac"><i>Consulting Counsel.</i>&mdash;Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.</p>
+
+<p class="ac"><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+
+<p class="ac"><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  on the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table style="width:35%" class="mc" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+<tr>
+<td class="plr05" style="width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="plr05 ar" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="plr05 ar br" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+<td class="plr05" style="width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="plr05 ar" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="plr05 ar" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="plr05">&nbsp; 17</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">1</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">14</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar br">4</td>
+<td class="plr05">&nbsp; 32</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">2</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">10</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="plr05">&nbsp; 22</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">1</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">18</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar br">8</td>
+<td class="plr05">&nbsp; 37</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">2</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">18</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="plr05">&nbsp; 27</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">2</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">4</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar br">5</td>
+<td class="plr05">&nbsp; 42</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">3</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">8</td>
+<td class="plr05 ar">2</td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<p class="ac">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS of absolute Purity, especially prepared for
+  this Art, may be procured from R.W. THOMAS, Operative Chemist, 10. Pall
+  Mall, whose well-known Preparation of Xylo-Iodide of Silver is pronounced
+  by the most eminent scientific men of the day to excel every other
+  Photographic Compound in sensitiveness, and in the marvellous vigour
+  uniformly preserved in the middle tints of pictures produced by it. MR.
+  R. W. THOMAS cautions Photographers against unprincipled persons who
+  (from the fact of Xyloidin and Collodion being synonymous terms) would
+  lead them to imagine that the inferior compound sold by them at half the
+  price is identical with his preparation. In some cases, even the name of
+  MR. T.'s Xylo-Iodide of Silver has been assumed. In order to prevent such
+  dishonourable practice, each bottle sent from his Establishment is
+  stamped with a red label bearing his signature, to counterfeit which is
+  felony.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS,<br />
+Chemist, &amp;c., 10. Pall Mall.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where
+  may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals
+  for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed Paper
+  Process. Apparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparation for the
+  above processes, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of
+  Collodio-iodide or Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9<i>d.</i> per oz. Pyro-gallic
+  Acid, 4<i>s.</i> per drachm. Acetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures,
+  8<i>d.</i> per oz. Crystallizable and perfectly pure, on which the
+  success of the Calo-typist so much depends, 1<i>s.</i> per oz. Canson
+  Frère's Negative Paper, 3<i>s.</i>; Positive do., 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>;
+  La Croix, 3<i>s.</i>; Turner, 3<i>s.</i> Whatman's Negative and Positive,
+  3<i>s.</i> per quire. Iodized Waxed Paper, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per
+  quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the Camera, and warranted to keep from
+  fourteen to twenty days, with directions for use, 11 x 9, 9<i>s.</i> per
+  doz.; Iodized, only 6<i>s.</i> per doz.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander &amp; Sons'
+  celebrated Lenses), Foster Lane, London.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.&mdash;MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he
+  has now made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small
+  quantities, either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are
+  desirous of having good impressions of their works, may see specimens of
+  Mr. Delamotte's Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place,
+  Bayswater, or at</p>
+
+<p class="ac">MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186 Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frère's make. Waxed-Paper for Le Grey's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+  Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>GENERAL CORNWALLIS.</h3>
+
+<p class="ac">An original Portrait for Sale, by COTES.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Address H. W., care of Samuel Edwards, Esq.,<br />
+16. Harpur Street, Red Lion Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHEAP BOOKS.&mdash;Just Published, a Catalogue of Second-Hand Books
+  (many curious), on Sale for Ready Money, by J. CROZIER. No. 5. New
+  Turnstile (near Lincoln's Inn Fields), Holborn.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ARCHER'S PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.&mdash;This very useful apparatus for
+  working the various Photographic Processes in the open air, without the
+  aid of any tent or dark chamber, can only be obtained of MR. ARCHER, 105.
+  Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury. These Cameras are made either folding
+  or otherwise. Also a portable folding Tripod Stand, so constructed that
+  the Camera can be raised or lowered, at pleasure. Achromatic Fluid and
+  other Lenses from 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> to 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i> Iodized
+  Collodion, 10<i>s.</i> per lb., 9<i>d.</i> per oz.; and all Chemicals of
+  the best quality.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Practical Instruction given in the Art.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.&mdash;Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the
+  practice of photography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Grey,
+  Brébisson, &amp;c. &amp;c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON,
+  Manufacturer of pure chemicals for Photographic and other purposes.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Lists of Prices to be had on application.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">146. Holborn Bars.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>RALPH'S SERMON PAPER,&mdash;This approved Paper is particularly
+  deserving the notice of the Clergy, as, from its particular form (each
+  page measuring 5¾ by 9 inches), it will contain more matter than the size
+  in ordinary use: and, from the width being narrower, is much more easy to
+  read: adapted for expeditious writing with either the quill or metallic
+  pen; price 5<i>s.</i> per ream. Sample on application.</p>
+
+  <p>ENVELOPE PAPER.&mdash;To identify the contents with the address and
+  postmark, important in all business communications; it admits of three
+  clear pages (each measuring 5½ by 8 inches), for correspondence, it saves
+  time and is more economical. Price 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per ream.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">F. W. RALPH Manufacturing Stationer,<br />
+36. Throgmorton Street, Bank.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>KERR &amp; STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street,
+  London, respectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have
+  invented and brought to the greatest perfection the following leading
+  articles, besides numerous others:&mdash;Their Ventilating Natural Curl;
+  Ladies and Gentlemen's PERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings
+  and Crowns so natural as to defy detection, and with or without their
+  improved Metallic Springs; Ventilating Fronts, Bandeaux, Borders, Nattes,
+  Bands à la Reine, &amp;c.; also their instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the
+  only dye that really answers for all colours, and never fades nor
+  acquires that unnatural red or purple tint common to all other dyes; it
+  is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly harmless. Any lady or
+  gentleman, sceptical of its effects in dyeing any shade of colour, can
+  have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &amp; STRANG'S, 124.
+  Leadenhall Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold in Cases at 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 15<i>s.</i>, and 20<i>s.</i>
+  Samples, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, sent to all parts on receipt of
+  Post-office Order or Stamps.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 76 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page76"></a>{76}</span></p>
+
+<p class="ac">Now ready, in Seven Volumes, medium 4to., cloth, pp. 4,167, Price Fourteen Guineas,</p>
+
+<h3>THE ANNALS OF IRELAND;</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>From the Original of the Four Masters, from the earliest Historic
+  Period to the Conclusion in 1616; consisting of the Irish Text from the
+  Original MSS., and an English Translation, with copious Explanatory
+  Notes, an Index of Names, and an Index of Places, by JOHN O'DONOVAN,
+  Esq., LL.D., Barrister at Law; Professor of the Celtic Language, Queen's
+  College, Belfast.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="ac"><i>Extract from the</i> <span class="sc">Dublin Review</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>"We can but hope, within the limited space at our disposal, to render
+  a scanty and imperfect measure of justice to a work of such vast extent
+  and varied erudition.... We would beg the reader, if he be disposed to
+  doubt our opinion, to examine almost every single page out of the four
+  thousand of which the work consists, in order that he may learn the true
+  nature and extent of Mr. O'Donovan's editorial labours. Let him see the
+  numberless minute verbal criticisms; the elaborate topographical
+  annotations with which each page is loaded; the historical, genealogical,
+  and biographical notices; the lucid and ingenious illustrations, drawn
+  from the ancient laws, customs, traditions, and institutions of Ireland;
+  the parallelisms and discrepancies of the narrative with that of other
+  annalists, both native and foreign; the countless authorities which are
+  examined and adjusted; the errors which are corrected; the omissions and
+  deficiencies supplied; in a word, the curious and various learning which
+  is everywhere displayed. Let him remember the mines from which all those
+  treasures have been drawn are, for the most part, unexplored; that the
+  materials thus laudably applied to the illustration of the text are in
+  great part manuscripts which Ussher and Ware, even Waddy and Colgen, no
+  to speak of Lynch and Lanigan, had never seen or left unexamined; many of
+  them in a language which is to a great extent obsolete."</p>
+
+<p class="ac">A Prospectus of the Work will be forwarded gratis to any application made to the Publishers.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">Dublin: HODGES &amp; SMITH, Grafton Street, Booksellers to the University.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">London: LONGMAN &amp; Co.; and SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, &amp; Co.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="ac">Now ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth, 2l. 2s. 6d.; morocco, 2l. 12s. 6d.</p>
+
+<p class="ac">POETRY OF THE YEAR,</p>
+
+<p class="ac">PASSAGES FROM THE POETS</p>
+
+<p class="ac">DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS.</p>
+
+  <p>WITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING
+  EMINENT ARTISTS.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>T. CRESWICK, R.A.</p>
+      <p>C. DAVIDSON.</p>
+      <p>W. LEE.</p>
+      <p>J. MULLER.</p>
+      <p>E. DUNCAN.</p>
+      <p>BIRKET FOSTER.</p>
+      <p>D. COX.</p>
+      <p>H. LE JEUNE.</p>
+      <p>W. HEMSLEY.</p>
+      <p>C. BRANWHITE.</p>
+      <p>J. WOLF.</p>
+      <p>C. WEIGALL.</p>
+      <p>HARRISON WEIR.</p>
+      <p>R. R.</p>
+      <p>E. V. B.</p>
+      <p>LUCETTE E. BARKER.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Christmas has seldom produced a gift-book more creditable to all
+  concerned in it than this beautiful volume. The poetry is well chosen;
+  the passages being for the most part bits of real description, excellent
+  in their kind, from the writings of our poets, from the time of Lord
+  Surrey to that of Tennyson, with two or three beautiful bits from
+  American authors. Now and then a poem is inserted, which, if not
+  descriptive, is in spirit and feeling akin to the season to which it is
+  referred; and this gives variety to what might otherwise be too great a
+  mass of description. As a book of extracts merely, it would be an
+  intelligent and creditable selection, made upon a distinct and coherent
+  plan. But the drawings of Messrs. Foster, Davidson, Weir, Creswick, Cox,
+  Duncan, and Branwhite, are a great addition to the volume; and the
+  coloured engravings have been happy in catching the spirit and character
+  of the artist themselves.</p>
+
+  <p>"Though on a small scale, the feeling of some of the designs is
+  admirable, specially those devoted to the illustration of spring and
+  summer&mdash;the seasons which, both in poetry and painting, have the
+  greatest amount of honour in this volume. The publisher is entitled to
+  the praise of great care and attention to the appearance of the book; the
+  colour and texture of the paper, the type, and the binding are
+  unexceptionable. It is a book to do credit to any
+  publisher."&mdash;<i>Guardian.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="ac">GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New
+  Street Square, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in
+  the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>,
+  of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in
+  the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street
+  aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, January 15. 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 168, January
+15, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER ***
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 168, January 15,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 168, January 15, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2013 [EBook #42783]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian
+Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+{57}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 168.]
+SATURDAY, JANUARY 15. 1853
+[With Index, price 10d. Stamped Edition 11d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+
+  Inedited Poem by Pope                                         57
+
+  Southey's "Doctor:" St. Matthias' Day in Leap-year, by
+    P. J. Yarrum                                                58
+
+  Oxfordshire Legend in Stone, by B. H. Cowper                  58
+
+  Lady Nevell's Music-Book                                      59
+
+  Bishop Burnet, by Wm. L. Nichols                              59
+
+  A Monastic Kitchener's Account                                60
+
+  The Fairies in New Ross, by Patrick Cody                      61
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--The Duke of Wellington and Marshal Ney:
+    Parallel Passage in the Life of Washington and Major
+    Andre--St. Bernard _versus_ Fulke Greville--St.
+    Munoki's Day--Epitaph in Chesham Churchyard--Gentlemen
+    Pensioners--Marlborough: curious Case of Municipal
+    Opposition to County Magistracy--Wet Season in
+    1348--General Wolfe                                         62
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Pope and the Marquis Maffei                                   64
+
+  The Church Catechism, by C. J. Armistead                      64
+
+  A Countess of Southampton                                     64
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Hardening Steel Bars--Pierrepoint--Ceylon--
+    Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting--"To talk like a
+    Dutch Uncle"--Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Belgium--
+    Charter of Waterford--Inscription on Penny of George
+    III.--"Shob" or "Shub," a Kentish Word--Bishop Pursglove
+    (Suffragan) of Hull--Stewarts of Holland--Robert Wauchope,
+    Archbishop of Armagh, 1543--Plum-pudding--"Whene'er I
+    asked"--Immoral Works--Arms at Bristol--Passage in
+    Thomson--"For God will be your King to-day"--"See where
+    the startled wild fowl"--Ascension-day--The Grogog
+    of a Castle                                                 65
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Canongate Marriages                                           67
+
+  Lady Katherine Grey                                           68
+
+  Howlett the Engraver, by B. Hudson                            69
+
+  Chaucer                                                       69
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Pyrogallic Acid--
+    Stereoscopic Pictures with One Camera--Mr. Crookes'
+    Wax-paper Process--India Rubber a Substitute for Yellow
+    Glass--Dr. Diamond's Paper Processes                        70
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Ancient Timber Town-halls--
+    Magnetic Intensity--Monument at Wadstena--David Routh,
+    R. C. Bishop of Ossory--Cardinal Erskine--"Ne'er to these
+    chambers," &c.--The Budget--"Catching a Tartar"--The
+    Termination "-itis"                                         71
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                  73
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                     73
+
+  Advertisements                                                74
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+INEDITED POEM BY POPE.
+
+In an original letter from James Boaden to Northcote the artist, I find the
+following passage; and I add to it the verses to which allusion is therein
+made:
+
+ "60. Warren Street, Fitzroy Square.
+ "28th August, 1827.
+
+ "My dear friend,
+
+"The verses annexed are so fine, that you should put them into your copy of
+Pope, among the Miscellanies. Dr. Warburton received them too late for his
+edition of our poet, and I find them only in a letter from the prelate to
+Dr. Hurd, dated 'Prior Park, June 24th, 1765.'
+
+"I have used the freedom to mark a few of the finest touches with a pencil,
+to show you _my_ feeling. These you can rub out easily, and afterwards
+indulge your own. The style of interrogation seems to have revived in
+Gray's Elegy. Hurd would send the verses to Mason as soon as he got them;
+and Mason and Gray, as you know, were _one_ in all their studies.
+
+         "I do not forget the Fables.
+                 "Yours, my dear friend, always,
+                         "J. BOADEN.
+ "J. Northcote, Esq."
+
+Not having by me any modern edition of Pope's _Works_, may I ask whether
+these verses, thus transcribed for Northcote by his friend Boaden, have yet
+been introduced to the public?
+
+    _Verses by Mr. Pope, on the late Dean of Carlisle's (Dr. Bolton) having
+    written and published a Paper to the Memory of Mrs. Butler, of Sussex,
+    Mother to old Lady Blount of Twickenham._
+
+    [They are supposed to be spoken by the deceased lady to the author of
+    that paper, which drew her character.]
+
+ "Stript to the naked soul, escaped from clay,
+  From doubts unfetter'd, and dissolved in day;
+  Unwarm'd by vanity, unreach'd by strife,
+  And all my hopes and fears thrown off with life;
+  Why am I charm'd by Friendship's fond essays,
+  And tho' unbodied, conscious of thy praise?
+  {58}
+  Has pride a portion in the parted soul?
+  Does passion still the formless mind control?
+  Can gratitude outpant the silent breath,
+  Or a friend's sorrow pierce the glooms of death?
+  No, 'tis a spirit's nobler taste of bliss,
+  That feels the worth it left, in proofs like this;
+  That not its own applause but thine approves,
+  Whose practice praises, and whose virtue loves;
+  Who liv'st to crown departed friends with fame;
+  Then dying, late, shalt all thou gav'st reclaim.
+                                  MR. POPE."
+
+A. F. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SOUTHEY'S "DOCTOR;" ST. MATTHIAS' DAY IN LEAP-YEAR.
+
+In looking over the 1848 edition of Southey's book, _The Doctor_, I observe
+an error which has escaped the care and revision of the editor, the Rev. J.
+W. Warter, B.D. At p. 199., where Southey is referring to the advantages of
+almanacs, he writes:
+
+    "Who is there that has not sometimes had occasion to consult the
+    almanac? Maximilian I., by neglecting to do this, failed in an
+    enterprise against Bruges. It had been concerted with his adherents in
+    that turbulent city, that he should appear before it at a certain time,
+    and they would be ready to rise in his behalf, and open the gates for
+    him. He forgot that it was leap-year, and came a day too soon; and this
+    error on his part cost many of the most zealous of his friends their
+    lives. It is remarkable that neither the historian who relates this,
+    nor the writers who have followed him, should have looked into the
+    almanac to guard against any inaccuracy in the relation; _for they have
+    fixed the appointed day on the eve of St. Matthias, which being the
+    23rd of February, could not be put out of its course by leap-year_."
+
+The words in Italics show Southey's mistake. This historian was quite
+correct: as, according to the calendar of the Roman Catholic Church,
+although the regular festival of St. Matthias is celebrated upon the 24th
+of February, yet, "in anno bissextili Februarius est dierum 29, et Festum
+S. Mathiae celebratur 25 Februarii." Thus it will be seen, that the year
+when Maximilian was to have appeared before Bruges being leap-year, and the
+day appointed being the eve of St. Matthias, he should have come upon the
+24th, not the 23rd of February: the leap-year making all the difference.
+
+P. J. YARRUM.
+
+Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OXFORDSHIRE LEGEND IN STONE.
+
+A few miles from Chipping-Norton, by the side of a road which divides
+Oxfordshire from Warwickshire, and on the brow of a hill overlooking Long
+Compton, stand the remains of a Druidical temple. Leland speaks of them as
+"Rollright stones," from their being in the parish of Rollright. The temple
+consists of a single circle of stones, from fifty to sixty in number, of
+various sizes and in different positions, but all of them rough, time-worn,
+and mutilated. The peasantry say that it is impossible to count these
+stones, and certainly it is a difficult task, though not because there is
+any witchcraft in the matter, but owing to the peculiar position of some of
+them. You will hear of a certain baker who resolved not to be outwitted, so
+hied to the spot with a basketful of small loaves, one of which he placed
+on every stone. In vain he tried; either his loaves were not sufficiently
+numerous, or some sorcery displaced them, and he gave up in despair. Of
+course no one expects to succeed now.
+
+In a field adjoining are the remains of a cromlech, the altar where, at a
+distance from the people, the priests performed their mystic rites. The
+superimposed stone has slipped off, and rests against the others. These are
+the "Whispering Knights," and this their history:--In days of yore, when
+rival princes debated their claims to England's crown by dint of arms, the
+hostile forces were encamped hard by. Certain traitor-knights went forth to
+parley with others from the foe. While thus plotting, a great magician,
+whose power they unaccountably overlooked, transformed them all into stone,
+and there they stand to this day.
+
+Not far from the temple, but on the opposite side of the road, is a
+solitary stone, probably the last of two rows which flanked the approach to
+the sacred circle. This stone was once a prince who claimed the British
+throne. On this spot he inquired of the magician above named what would be
+his destiny:
+
+ "If Long Compton you can see,
+  King of England you shall be,"
+
+answered the wise man. But he could not see it, and at once shared the fate
+of the "Whispering Knights." This is called the "King's stone," and so
+stands that, while you cannot see Long Compton from it, you can if you go
+forward a very little way. On some future day an armed warrior will issue
+from this very stone, to conquer and govern our land!
+
+It is said that a farmer, who wished to bridge over a small stream at the
+foot of the hill, resolved to press the "Whispering Knights" into the
+service; but it was almost too much for all the horse power at his command
+to bring them down. At length they were placed, but all they could do was
+not sufficient to keep them in their place. It was therefore resolved to
+restore them to their original post, when, lo! they who required so much to
+bring them down, and defied all attempts to keep them quiet, were taken
+back almost without an effort by a single horse! So there they stand, {59}
+till they and the rest (for I believe the large circle was once composed of
+living men) shall return to their proper manhood.
+
+Other legends respecting this curious relic might, I doubt not, be obtained
+on the spot. I obtained the above in answer to inquiries, when making a
+pilgrimage to the place.
+
+B. H. COWPER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADY NEVELL'S MUSIC-BOOK.
+
+The following contents of the Lady Nevell's music-book (1591) may be
+interesting to many of your readers:
+
+      "1. My Ladye Nevell's Grownde.
+       2. Que passe, for my Ladye Nevell.
+       3. The March before the Battell.
+       4. The Battell.
+          The March of Footemen.
+          The March of Horsemen.
+          The Trumpetts.
+          The Irishe Marche.
+          The Bagpipe and Drone.
+          The Flute and Dromme.
+          The Marche to Fight.
+          Tantara.
+          The Battells be ioyned.
+          The Retreat.
+       5. The Galliarde for the Victorie.
+       6. The Barley Breake.
+       7. The Galliarde Gygg.
+       8. The Hunt's upp.
+       9. Ut re mi fa sol la.
+      10. The first Pauian.
+      11. The Galliard to the same.
+      12. The seconde Pauian.
+      13. The Galliarde to the same.
+      14. The third Pauian.
+      15. The Galliarde to the same.
+      16. The fourth Pauian.
+      17. The Galliarde to the same.
+      18. The fifte Pauian.
+      19. The Galliarde to the same.
+      20. The sixte Pauian.
+      21. The Galliarde to the same.
+      22. The seventh Pauian.
+      23. The eighte Pauian.
+          The passinge mesurs is,
+      24. The nynthe Pauian.
+      25. The Galliarde to the same.
+      26. The Voluntarie Lesson.
+      27. Will you walk the Woods soe wylde.
+      28. The Mayden's Song.
+      29. A Lesson of Voluntarie.
+      30. The second Grownde.
+      31. Have w^t you to Walsingame.
+      32. All in a Garden greene.
+      33. The lo. Willobie's welcome home.
+      34. The Carman's Whistle.
+      35. Hughe Ashton's Grownde.
+      36. A Fancie, for my Ladye Nevell.
+      37. Sellinger's Rownde.
+      38. Munser's Almaine.
+      39. The tenth Pauian, Mr. W. Peter.
+      40. The Galliarde to the same.
+      41. A Fancie.
+      42. A Voluntarie.
+                  Finis.
+
+    Ffinished and ended the Leventh of September, in the yeare of our Lorde
+    God 1591, and in the 33 yeare of the raigne of our sofferaine ladie
+    Elizabeth, by the grace of God Queen of England, &c., by me, Jo.
+    Baldwine of Windsore.
+
+      Laudes Deo."
+
+The songs have no words to them. Most of the airs are signed "Mr. William
+Birde."
+
+A modern MS. note in the book states that the book is "Lady Nevell's
+Music-book," and that she seems "to have been the scholar of Birde, who
+professedly composed several of the pieces for her ladyship's use;" and
+that sixteen of the forty-two pieces are "in the Virginal Book of Queen
+Elizabeth," and that "Jo. Baldwine was a singing-man at Windsor." The music
+is written on four-staved paper of six lines, in large bold characters,
+with great neatness. The notes are lozenge-shape. Can any of your
+correspondents furnish rules for transposing these six-line staves into the
+five-line staves of modern notations?
+
+L. B. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP BURNET.
+
+Having but recently become acquainted with your useful and learned work
+(for _scire ubi aliquid invenire possis, magna pars eruditionis est_), I
+have been much interested in looking over the earlier volumes. Allow me to
+add a couple of links to your _catena_ on Bishop Burnet. The first is the
+opinion of Hampton, the translator of Polybius; the other is especially
+valuable, it being nothing less than the portrait of Burnet drawn by
+himself, but certainly not with any idea of its being suspended beside the
+worthies of his "Own Time," for the edification of posterity.
+
+Hampton's testimony is as follows:
+
+    "His personal resentments put him upon writing history. He relates the
+    actions of a persecutor and benefactor; and it is easy to believe that
+    a man in such circumstances must violate the laws of truth. The
+    remembrance of his injuries is always present, and gives venom to his
+    pen. Let us add to this, that intemperate and malicious curiosity which
+    penetrates into the most private recesses of vice. The greatest of his
+    triumphs is to draw the veil of secret infamy, and expose to view
+    transactions that were before concealed from the world; though they
+    serve not in the least either to embellish the style or connect the
+    series of his history, and will never obtain more credit than, perhaps,
+    to suspend the judgment of the reader, since they are supported only by
+    one single, _suspected_ testimony."--_Reflections on Ancient and Modern
+    History_, 4to.: Oxford, 1746.
+
+Let me now refer you to a document, written with his own hand, which sets
+the question of {60} Burnet's truthfulness and impartiality in his
+delineations of character completely at rest.
+
+From the Napier charter-chest, "by a species of retributive justice," there
+has recently risen up in judgment against him _a letter of his own, proving
+his own character_. It is, I regret, too long for insertion in your pages
+_in extenso_, but no abstract can give an adequate idea of its contents. It
+is, in fact, so mean and abject as almost to overpass belief. I must refer
+your readers to Mr. Mark Napier's _Montrose and the Covenanters_, vol. i.
+pp. 13-21. All the reflections of the Whig historian Dalrymple, all the
+severe remarks of Swift and Lord Dartmouth, as to Burnet's dishonesty and
+malice, would now seem well bestowed upon a writer so despicable and
+faithless, and the credit of whose statements, when resting _on his own
+sole authority_, must be totally destroyed. This curious epistle was
+written, in an agony of fear, on a Sunday morning, during the memorable
+crisis of the Rye-House plot, and while Lord Russell was on the eve of his
+execution. Addressed to Lord Halifax, it was intended to meet the eye of
+the King. It evidently proves the writer's want of veracity in divers
+subsequent statements in his history. The future bishop also protests that
+he never will accept of any preferment, promises never more to oppose the
+Court, and intimates an intention to paint the King in the fairest
+light--"if I ever live to finish what I am about;" _i.e._ the _History of
+his Own Time_, in which the villanous portrait of Charles afterwards
+appeared.
+
+    "Here, then," says Mr. Napier, "is Burnet _Redivivus_; and now the
+    bishop may call Montrose a coward or what he likes, and persuade the
+    world of his own super-eminent moral courage, if he can. For our own
+    part, after reading the above letter, we do not believe one malicious
+    word of what Burnet has uttered in the _History of his Own Time_
+    against Charles I. and Montrose; and he has therein said nothing about
+    them that is not malicious. We do not believe that the apology for
+    Hamilton, which he has given to the world in the memoirs of that House,
+    is by any means so truthful an exposition of the character of that
+    mysterious marquis as the letters and papers entrusted to the bishop
+    enabled him to give. We feel thoroughly persuaded that Bishop Burnet,
+    in that work, as well as in the _History of his Own Time_, reversed the
+    golden maxim of Cicero, '_Ne quid falsi dicere audeat, ne quid veri non
+    audeat_.' The marvellous of himself, and the malicious of others, we
+    henceforth altogether disbelieve, when resting on the sole authority of
+    the bishop's historical record, and will never listen to when retailed
+    traditionally and at second-hand from him. Finally, we do believe the
+    truth of the anecdote, that the bishop, 'after a debate in the House of
+    Lords, usually went home and altered everybody's character as they had
+    pleased or displeased him that day;' and that he kept weaving in secret
+    this chronicle of his times, not to enlighten posterity or for the
+    cause of truth, but as a means of indulging in safety his own
+    interested or malicious feelings towards the individuals that pleased
+    or offended him. So much for Bishop Burnet, whose authority must
+    henceforth always be received _cum nota_."
+
+WM. L. NICHOLS.
+
+Lansdown Place, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A MONASTIC KITCHENER'S ACCOUNT.
+
+(From a volume of memoranda touching the monastery of Whalley, temp. Henry
+VIII., among the records of the Court of Augmentation.)
+
+    "Dyv'se somes of money leid oute by me Jamys More, monke and kechyner
+    to the late Abbot of Whalley, for and conc'nynge dyv'se caitts bought
+    by the seid Jamys of dyv'se [p=]sons, as hereaft' dothe [p=]ticlerly
+    appire by [p=]cells whiche came to thuse of the seid house, and spent
+    yn the seid house from the last daye of December until the ---- daye of
+    Marche then next folowynge yn the xxviij^{th} yere of the reign of
+    Kynge Henry the viij^{th}, whiche somes of money the said Jamys asketh
+    allowance.
+
+  First payde to Edmunde Taillor Fischer
+  for ---- salt salmons, spent in the seyd
+  late abbott kechyn syns the tyme of his
+  accompt                                               xxv^s
+
+  Itm. Payde to the seid Edmunde for xj
+  freshe salmons, bought of the said Edmunde
+  to thuse, &c. of the seid house,
+  there spent by the seid tyme                          xxv^s
+
+  Itm. Payde to Will'm Newbbet for fresh
+  fische                                                iij^s    iij^d
+
+  Itm. Payde for vj capons, bought at Fastyngeseven
+  of dyv'se [p=]sons                                     ij^s
+
+  Itm. Payde for xxxv hennes, bought of
+  dyv'se [p=]sons                                         v^s      x^d
+
+  Itm. Payde for eggs, butter, chese, bought
+  of dyv'se [p=]sons betwixt Cristmas and
+  Fastyngsevyn, spent yn the seid house              xxiiij^s
+
+  Itm. Payde for mustersede                               v^s
+
+  Itm. Bought of Will'm Fische viij potts
+  hony-pric                                               x^s
+
+  Itm. Bought of Anthony Watson vij gallons
+  hony                                                   ix^s   iiij^d
+
+  Itm. Bought of John Colthirst ij gallons
+  hony                                                   ij^s   iiij^d
+
+  Itm. Payde to Richard Jackson for xvij^c
+  sparlyngs                                              ix^s   viii^d
+
+  Sum of the payments         vj^{li} xviij^d (sic in orig.)
+
+  Itm. The same Jamys askyth allowance of xiiij^s, whiche
+  the seid late abbott dyd owe hym at the tyme of his
+  last accompt, whiche endyd at Cristmas last past, as
+  yt dothe appire by the accompt of the seid Jamys
+  More.
+
+  Itm. The late abbott of Whalley dyd owe unto the
+  seid Jamys More, for a grey stagg that the seid
+  late abbott dyd by of the same Jamys by the space
+  of a yere syns                                          x^s
+
+                                  By me JAMES MOR."
+
+The advowson of the parish church of Whalley having been bequeathed to the
+White Monks of Stanlawe (Cheshire), they removed their abbey {61} there
+A.D. 1206; it being dedicated to the Virgin Mary ("Locus Benedictus de
+Whalley"), and having about sixty indwellers. (Tanner's _Notitia_.)
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE FAIRIES IN NEW ROSS.
+
+     "When moonlight
+      Near midnight
+  Tips the rock and waving wood;
+      When moonlight
+      Near midnight
+  Silvers o'er the sleeping flood;
+      When yew tops
+      With dew-drops
+  Sparkle o'er deserted graves;
+     'Tis then we fly
+      Through welkin high,
+  Then we sail o'er yellow waves."
+
+  _Book of Irish Ballads._
+
+There lived, some thirty years since, in the eastern part of the suburbs of
+New Ross, in the county of Wexford, denominated the "Maudlins," a hedge
+carpenter named Davy Hanlan, better known to his neighbours by the
+sobriquet of "Milleadh Maide," or "Speilstick." Davy plied his trade with
+all the assiduity of an industrious man, "and laboured in all kinds of
+weather" to maintain his little family; and as his art consisted
+principally in manufacturing carts, ploughs, and harrows (iron ploughs not
+being then in use) for the surrounding farmers, and doctoring their old
+ones, the sphere of Davy's avocations was confined to no mean limits.
+
+It was a dry, sharp night, in the month of November, and darkness had set
+in long before Davy left Mount Hanover, two miles distant from his home. At
+length he started forward, and had already reached the bridge of the
+Maudlins, when he stopped to rest; for besides his tools he carried a
+bundle of wheaten straw, which he intended for a more than usually
+comfortable "shake-down" for his dear rib Winny. The moon had by this time
+ascended above the horizon, and by its silvery radiance depicted in
+delicate outline the hills rising in the distance, while the tender rays
+mixing with, and faintly illumining the gloom of the intermediate valleys,
+formed a mass of light and shade so exquisitely blended as to appear the
+work of enchantment. As Davy leaned on the parapet of the bridge, a thrill
+of alarm involuntarily disturbed his feelings: he was about to depart when
+he heard a clamorous sound, as of voices, proceeding from that part of the
+valley on which he still gazed. Curiosity now tempted him to listen still
+longer, when suddenly he saw a group of dwarfish beings emerging from the
+gloom, and coming rapidly towards him, along the green marsh that borders
+the Maudlin stream. Poor Davy was terror-stricken at this unusual sight; in
+vain he attempted to escape: he was, as it were, spellbound. Instantly the
+whole company gained the road beside him, and after a moment's consultation
+they simultaneously cried out, "Where is my horse? give me my horse!" &c.
+In the twinkling of an eye they were all mounted. Davy's feelings may be
+more easily imagined than described, and in a fit of unconsciousness his
+tongue, as it were mechanically, articulated "Where is my horse?"
+Immediately he found himself astride on a rude piece of timber, somewhat in
+shape of a plough-beam, by which he was raised aloft in the air. Away he
+went, as he himself related, at the rate of nine knots an hour, gliding
+smoothly through the liquid air. No aeronaut ever performed his expedition
+with more intrepidity; and after about two hours' journeying the whole
+cavalcade alighted in the midst of a large city, just as
+
+ "The iron tongue of midnight had told twelve."
+
+One of the party, who appeared to be a leader, conducted them from door to
+door, Davy following in the rear; and at the first door he passed them the
+word, "We cannot enter, the dust of the floor lies not behind the door."[1]
+Other impediments prevented their ingress to the next two or three doors.
+
+At length, having come to a door which was not guarded by any of these
+insuperable sentinels which defy the force of fairy assault, he joyfully
+cried out "We can enter here:" and immediately, as if by enchantment, the
+door flew open, the party entered, and Davy, much astonished, found himself
+within the walls of a spacious wine-store. Instantly the heads of wine
+vessels were broken; bungs flew out; the carousing commenced; each boon
+companion pledged his friend, as he bedewed his whiskers in the sparkling
+beverage; and the wassail sounds float round the walls and hollow roof.
+Davy, not yet recovered from his surprise, stood looking on, but could not
+contrive to come at a drop: at length he asked a rather agreeable fairy who
+was close to him to help him to some. "When I shall have done," said the
+fairy, "I will give you this goblet, and you can drink." Very {62} soon
+after he handed the goblet to Davy, who was about to drink, when the leader
+gave the word of command:
+
+ "Away, away, my good fairies, away!
+  Let's revel in moonlight, and shun the dull day."
+
+The horses were ready, the party mounted, and Davy was carried back to the
+Maudlin bridge, bearing in his hand the silver goblet, as witness of his
+exploit. Half dead he made his way home to Winny, who anxiously awaited
+him; got to bed about four in the morning, to which he was confined by
+illness for months afterwards. And as Davy "lived from hand to mouth," his
+means were soon exhausted. Winny took the goblet and pledged it with Mr.
+Alexander Whitney, the watchmaker, for five shillings. In a few days after
+a gentleman who lived not twenty miles from Creywell Cremony came in to Mr.
+Whitney's, saw the goblet, and recognised it as being once in his
+possession, and marked with the initials "M. R.," and on examining it found
+it to be the identical one which he had bestowed, some years before, on a
+Spanish merchant. Davy, when able to get out, deposed on oath before the
+Mayor of Ross (who is still living) to the facts narrated above. The
+Spanish gentleman was written to, and in reply corroborated Davy's
+statement, saying that on a certain night his wine-store was broken open,
+vessels much injured, and his wine spilled and drunk, and the silver goblet
+stolen. Davy was exonerated from any imputation of guilt in the affair, and
+was careful, during his life, never again to rest at night on the Maudlin
+bridge.
+
+PATRICK CODY.
+
+Mullinavat, county of Kilkenny.
+
+[Footnote 1: Every good housewife is supposed to sweep the kitchen floor
+previously to her going to bed; and the old women who are best skilled in
+"fairy lore" affirm, that if, through any inadvertence, she should leave
+the dust thus collected behind the door at night, this dust or sweepings
+will have the power of opening the door to the fairies, should they come
+the way. It is also believed that, if the broom should be left behind the
+door, without being placed standing on its handle, it will possess the
+power of admitting the fairies. Should the water in which the family had
+washed their feet, before going to bed, be left in the vessel, on the
+kitchen floor, without having a coal of fire put into it, if not thrown out
+in the yard, it will act as porter to the fairies or good people.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_The Duke of Wellington and Marshal Ney. Parallel Passage in the Life of
+Washington and Major Andre._--J. R. of Cork (Vol. vi., p. 480.) tells how
+Wellington was in his youth smitten with the charms of a lady, who, in
+after-life having appealed to him to save the life of Ney, was not simply
+unsuccessful in her object but was ordered to quit Paris forthwith. J. B.
+Burke, in the _Patrician_, vol. vi. p. 372., tells how Washington
+endeavoured to win the love of Mary Phillipse, and how he failed: how years
+rolled on, and the rejected lover as Commander-in-Chief of the American
+forces was supplicated by the same Mary, then the wife of Roger Morris, to
+spare the life of Andre. The appeal failed, and one of the General's aides
+was ordered to conduct the lady beyond the lines.
+
+ST. JOHNS.
+
+_St. Bernard versus Fulke Greville._--On lately reading over the fine
+philosophical poem _Of Humane Learning_, by Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, I
+was struck at finding that the 144th stanza was a literal transcript from
+St. Bernard. Some of your readers may possibly be amused or interested by
+the discovery:
+
+     "Yet some seeke knowledge, meerely to be knowne,
+      And idle curiositie that is;
+      Some but to sell, not freely to bestow,
+      These gaine and spend both time and health amisse;
+      Embasing arts, by basely deeming so,
+        Some to build others, which is charity,
+        But those to build themselves, who wise men be."
+                          _Workes_, p. 50.: Lond. 1633, 8vo.
+
+    "Sunt namque qui scire volunt eo fine tantum, ut sciant: et turpis
+    curiositas est. Et sunt item qui scire volunt, ut scientiam suam
+    vendant, verbi causa pro pecunia, pro honoribus: et turpis quaestus
+    est. Sed sunt quoque qui scire volunt, ut aedificentur: et prudentia
+    est."--S. Bernardi _In Cantica Serm._ xxxvi. Sect 3. _Opp._, vol. i. p.
+    1404. Parisiis, 1719, fol.
+
+It is no mean eulogy upon Lord Brooke's poem just referred to, to say that
+it stood high in the estimation of the late Rev. Hugh James Rose, and was
+quoted approvingly by him in his lectures before the Durham University. My
+acquaintance with it was first derived from that source, and I am confident
+that many others of your readers sympathise with the wishes of MR.
+CROSSLEY, for "a collected edition of the works of the two noble Grevilles"
+("N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 139.). The facts upon which the tragedy of
+_Mustapha_ is founded are graphically summed up by Knolles in his _Historie
+of the Turkes_, pp. 757-65.: London, 1633, fol.
+
+RT.
+
+Warmington.
+
+_St. Munoki's Day._--Professor Craik, in his _Romance of the Peerage_, vol.
+ii. p. 337., with reference to the date of the death of Margaret Tudor,
+Queen Dowager of Scotland, gives two authorities, namely, 24th November,
+1541, from the _Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents_, and _St. Munoki's_ Day,
+from the _Chronicle of Perth_, and then says: "I find no saint with a name
+resembling _Munok_ in the common lists." Now this Note of mine has
+originated in the belief that I _have found_ such a name in the _Calendar
+of Saints_, or at any rate one very closely resembling it, if not the
+identical _Munok_. "St. Marnok, B. patron of Killmarnock in Scotland,
+honoured on the 25th October in the Scots Calendar." Now "Marnok" is most
+probably _Munok_, the latter, perhaps, misspelt by a careless scribe in the
+_Chronicle of Perth_. There is a discrepancy of a month certainly in these
+two dates, 25th October and 24th November; but that is not very wonderful,
+as a doubt of the exact day of Queen Margaret's decease evidently exists
+among historians, for Pinkerton (vol. ii. p. 371.) conjectures June. The
+above extract regarding St. Marnok is from a {63} curious old work in my
+possession, published in 1761 in London, and entitled _A Memorial of
+Ancient British Piety, or a British Martyrology_. It gives also the names
+of St. Moroc, C., Nov. 8; St. Munnu, Ab., Oct. 21, both saints in the
+Scottish calendar.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Epitaph in Chesham Churchyard._--
+
+             "As an
+            Encouragement
+        to Regularity, Integrity,
+          and good Conduct,
+              This Stone
+  was erected at the general Expense
+        of the Inhabitants of
+        this Town and Parish
+      to perpetuate the Memory of
+          MATTHEW ARCHER,
+  who served the Office of Clerk with
+  the utmost Punctuality and Decorum
+      for upwards of Thirty Years.
+      He died 15th December, 1793."
+
+F. B. RELTON.
+
+_Gentlemen Pensioners._--
+
+    "On Saturday last, the Secretary to the Band of Gentleman Pensioners
+    did, by order of the Duke of Montague their Captain, dispatch circular
+    letters to the said gentlemen, signifying his Grace's pleasure to
+    revive the ancient rules and orders that were practised at the time of
+    the first institution of the Band in the reign of King Henry VII., viz.
+    that five of the said Gentleman Pensioners shall attend constantly
+    every day in the antechamber of the palace where His Majesty shall be
+    resident, from ten in the forenoon till three in the afternoon, the
+    usual time of His Majesty's retiring to go to dinner; and on every
+    Drawing Room night from eight to twelve."--_Weekly Journal_, Jan. 4,
+    1735.
+
+E.
+
+_Marlborough; Curious Case of Municipal Opposition to County
+Magistracy._--Shortly after the invasion of the elder Pretender, the
+corporation of Marlborough so far defied the royal authority as to drive
+the quarterly county sessions from the town; and high legal opinions were
+not wanting to fortify the position thus assumed by the borough, on the
+ground, namely, of its municipal charter, which secured to the town a court
+of its own.
+
+Now, we all know that in early times a borough's court-leet exempted the
+burgesses from the jurisdiction of the sheriff's "tourn," and that up till
+the period of the Municipal Reform bill, many charters still existed,
+verbally sustaining such right of exemption; but the Queries which I wish
+to put are the following. First, Though the crown's representative had no
+jurisdiction, had he not a right to enter, and sit on cases foreign to the
+borough? Secondly, What are the earliest instances of county quarter
+sessions sitting in independent boroughs? Thirdly, Were the cases numerous
+of similar acts of resistance at the period alluded to, viz. the reign of
+George I.?
+
+I take this occasion to state that I am drawing to conclusion a history of
+Silkely Hundred, which includes Marlborough and Lord Ailesbury's seat; and
+shall feel grateful for any information relating to the Pretender's
+influence in that district. That it must have been considerable may be
+argued from the Ailesbury alliance by marriage with the young Pretender.
+
+J. WAYLEN.
+
+Devizes.
+
+_Wet Season in 1348._--Accidentally looking into Holinshed a few days ago,
+I found that our present unusually wet season is not without a parellel,
+indeed much exceeded; as on that occasion the harvest must have been a
+complete failure, and dearth and disease consequently ensued. Providence,
+however, has kindly blessed us with an average harvest; and, exclusive of
+the disasters attendant upon storms and floods, I trust we shall escape any
+further visitation. I annex an extract of the passage in Holinshed:
+
+    "In this 22 yeare [of Edward III., A.D. 1348], from Midsummer to
+    Christmasse, for the more part it continuallie rained, so that there
+    was not one day and night drie togither, by reason whereof great flouds
+    insued, and the ground therewith was sore corrupted, and manie
+    inconueniences insued, as great sickenes, and other, insomuch that in
+    the yeare following, in France, the people died wonderfullie in diverse
+    places. In Italie also, and in manie other countries, as well in the
+    lands of the infidels as in Christendome, this grieuous mortalitie
+    reigned, to the great destruction of people. About the end of August,
+    the like dearth began in diuerse places of England, and especiallie in
+    London, continuing so for the space of twelue moneths following. And
+    vpon that insued great barrennesse, as well of the sea as the land,
+    neither of them yielding such plentie of things as before they had
+    done. Wherevpon vittels and corne became scant and hard to come
+    by."--_The Chronicles of Raphaell Holinshed_, fol., vol. iii. p. 378
+    (black letter).
+
+[Phi].
+
+_General Wolfe._--It may interest many of your readers to know that a
+portrait of General Wolfe, by Ramsay, 1758, is to be sold by Messrs.
+Christie and Manson, at their rooms, 8. King Street, St. James's Square, on
+Saturday, February 12.
+
+The picture is marked No. 300 in the catalogue of the first two days' sale.
+It formed part of the collection of a gentleman lately deceased, whom I had
+the pleasure of knowing.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+{64}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+POPE AND THE MARQUIS MAFFEI.
+
+I would beg the insertion of the following Note, which occurs at p. 338. of
+Walker's _Historical Memoir on Italian Tragedy_; with a view to
+ascertaining whether any light has been thrown on the subject since the
+publication of the work in question. I fear there is little chance of such
+being the case, but still I would be glad to learn from any of your
+correspondents, whether there is other evidence than the passage given from
+the Marquis's letter to Voltaire, to prove that Pope was actually engaged
+in the translation of his tragedy; or whether there is any allusion in the
+cotemporary literature of the day, to such a work having been undertaken by
+the bard of Twickenham.
+
+    "It seems to have escaped the notice of all Pope's biographers, that
+    when the Marquis Maffei visited Twickenham, in company with Lord
+    Burlington and Dr. Mead, he found the English bard employed on a
+    translation of his _Merope_: yet the public have been in possession of
+    this anecdote about fifty years. The Marquis, in his answer to the
+    celebrated letter addressed to him by Voltaire, says: 'Avendomi Mylord
+    Conte di Burlington, e il Sig. Dottore Mead, l'uno e l'altro talenti
+    rari, ed a quali quant' io debba non posso dire, condotto alla villa
+    del Sig. Pope, ch' e il Voltaire dell Inghilterra, come voi siete il
+    Pope della Francia, quel bravo Poeta mi fece vedere, che lavorava alla
+    versione della mia Tragedia in versi Inglesi: se la terminasse, e che
+    ne sia divenuto, non so.'--_La Merope_, ver. 1745, p. 180. With the
+    fate of this version we are, and probably shall ever remain,
+    unacquainted: it may, however, be safely presumed, that it was never
+    finished to the satisfaction of the translator, and therefore committed
+    to the flames."
+
+T. C. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE CHURCH CATECHISM.
+
+Allow me to make the following inquiries through the pages of "N. & Q.,"
+which may possibly elicit valuable information from some of your many
+correspondents. In the Archbishop of York's questions put to candidates for
+Holy Orders, Feb. 1850, occurred this Query: "The Church Catechism ... by
+whom was the latter part added and put into its present form; and whence is
+it chiefly derived?" The former part of this is readily answered; being, as
+any one at all read in the history of the Prayer-Book well knows, added at
+the Hampton Court Conference, 1603; and was drawn up by Bishop Overall, at
+that time Dean of St. Paul's: but _whence is it chiefly derived?_ That is
+the question for which I have hitherto sought in vain a satisfactory
+solution, and fear his grace, or his examining chaplain, must have looked
+in vain for a correct reply from any of his _quasi_ clergymen, college
+education though they may have had. It is a point which seems to be passed
+over entirely unnoticed by all of our liturgical writers and church
+historians, as I have been at no little pains in searching works at all
+likely to clear it up, but, hitherto, without success. It may be
+conjectured that the part referred to, viz., on the Sacraments, was taken
+from Dean Nowell's Catechism; or, at all events, that Overall borrowed some
+of the expressions while he changed its meaning, as Nowell's was purely
+Calvinistic in tendency. He may have had before him the fourth part of
+Peter Lombard's _Liber Sententiarum_, or some such work. But all this is
+mere supposition; and what I want to arrive at, is some correct data or
+authoritative statement which would settle the point. Another interesting
+matter upon which I am desirous of information, is, as to the protestation
+after the rubrics at the end of the Communion Service. In our _present_
+Prayer-Book it is in marks of quotation, which we do not find in the second
+book of King Edward VI., where it originally appears--and the expressions
+there admit the real presence. It was altogether left out in Elizabeth's
+Prayer-Book, but again inserted in the last review in 1661, when the
+inverted commas first appear: the sense being somewhat different, allowing
+the spiritual but not the actual or bodily presence of Christ. Why are the
+_commas_ or marks of quotation, if such they be, then inserted? I have
+written to a well-known Archdeacon, eminent for his works on the
+Sacraments, but his answer does not convey what is sought by
+
+C. J. ARMISTEAD.
+
+Springfield Mount, Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A COUNTESS OF SOUTHAMPTON.
+
+I have just been reading, in the _Revue des deux Mondes_, an interesting
+article upon the recently-published _Memoirs of Mademoiselle de
+Koenigsmark_, in which I meet with the following passage:
+
+    "Ce fut a Venise que Charles-Jean de Koenigsmark rencontra la belle
+    Comtesse de Southampton, cette vaillante amoureuse qui, plantant la
+    fortune et famille, le suivit desormais par le monde deguisee en page:
+    romanesque anecdote que la princesse Palatine a consignee dans ses
+    memoires avec cette brusque rondeur de style qui ne marchande pas les
+    expressions. 'Il doit etre assez dans le caractere de quelques dames
+    anglaises de suivre leurs amans. J'ai connu un Comte de Koenigsmark
+    qu'une dame anglaise avait suivi en habit de page. Elle etait avec lui
+    a Chambord, et comme, faute de place, il ne pouvait loger au Chateau,
+    il avait fait dresser dans la foret une tente ou il logeat. Il me
+    raconta son aventure a la Masse; j'eu la curiosite de voir le
+    soi-disant page. Je n'ai jamais rien vu de plus beau que cette figure:
+    les plus beaux yeux du monde, une bouche charmante, une prodigieuse
+    quantite de cheveux du plus beau brun, qui tomberent en grosses boucles
+    sur ses epaules. Elle sourit en me voyant, se doutant bien que je
+    savais son secret. {65} Lorsqu'il partit de Chambord pour l'Italie, le
+    Comte Koenigsmark se trouva dans une auberge, et en sortit le matin
+    pour faire un tour de promenade. L'hotesse de cette maison courut apres
+    lui et lui cria: 'Montez vite la-haut, Monsieur, votre page accouche!'
+    Le page accoucha en effet d'une fille: on mit la mere et l'enfant dans
+    un couvent a Paris."
+
+He afterwards went to England, where--
+
+    "Les freres, cousins, et petits cousins de lady Southampton
+    l'attendaient, et les duels se mirent a lui pleuvoir dessus. Comme son
+    epee aimait assez a luire au soleil, il la tira volontiers, et avec une
+    chance telle que ses ennemis, ne pouvant le vaincre par le fer,
+    jugerent a propos d'essayer du poison. Degoute de perdre son temps a de
+    pareilles miseres, &c. &c. Tant que le comte a vecu il en a eu grand
+    soin; mais il mourut en Moree, et le page fidele ne lui survecut pas
+    long-temps. Elle est morte comme une sainte."
+
+Can you, or any of your correspondents, say _who_ this interesting
+_Countess of Southampton_ was? She lived at the end of the seventeenth
+century. In addition to these particulars, which are so nicely told that I
+would not venture to alter them, as Orsino asks Viola, "What was her
+history?"
+
+W. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Hardening Steel Bars._--Can any of your readers inform me how thin, flat,
+steel bars (say three feet long) can be prevented from "running" crooked
+when hardened in water?
+
+J. H. A.
+
+_Pierrepont._--Who was John Pierrepont of Wadworth, near Doncaster, who
+died July, 1653, aged 75.
+
+A. F. B.
+
+Diss.
+
+_Ceylon._--I should be much obliged to SIR JAMES TENNENT, if he would
+kindly inform me where the best map of Ceylon is to be got? such as are to
+be found in the atlases within my reach are only good enough to try a man's
+temper, and no more.
+
+May I also take the liberty of asking how soon we may expect the appearance
+of SIR JAMES TENNENT'S book on the history, &c. of Ceylon? a work which
+will be a great work indeed, if we have at all a fair specimen of its
+author's learning and powers in the _Christianity in Ceylon_.
+
+AJAX.
+
+_Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting._--Would any of your correspondents
+direct me to some work giving me some information about the painters of the
+Dutch and Flemish schools, their biographers, their peculiarities,
+chefs-d'oeuvre, &c.?
+
+AJAX.
+
+"_To talk like a Dutch Uncle._"--In some parts of America, when a person
+has determined to give another a regular lecture, he will often be heard to
+say, "I will talk to him like a Dutch uncle;" that is, he shall not escape
+this time.
+
+As the emigrants to America from different countries have brought their
+national sayings with them, and as the one I am now writing about was
+doubtless introduced by the Knickerbockers, may I ask if a similar
+expression is now known or used in Holland?
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Belgium_.--I want some work on this subject:
+can any one tell me of one?
+
+N.B.--A big book does not frighten me.
+
+AJAX.
+
+_Charter of Waterford._--I have a copy of the English translation of this
+charter, published in Kilkenny, with the following note, written in an old
+hand, on the title-page:
+
+    "This was first translated by William Cunningham Cunningham (_sic_), a
+    native of Carrick-on-Suir, born on Ballyrichard Road: his father and
+    brother were blacksmiths; his grand-nephew Cunningham lives now a
+    cowper (_sic_) in New Street in do. town."
+
+I wish to know if this note is worth anything, and if the statement
+contained in it is true?
+
+R. H.
+
+_Inscription on Penny of George III._--On an old penny of George III., on
+the reverse, I find the following inscription:
+
+ "STABIT QVOCVNQVE IECERIS."
+
+What does this precisely mean; or why and when was it adopted?
+
+J. M. A.
+
+_"Shob," or "Shub," a Kentish Word._--Your correspondent on the Kentish
+word _sheets_ (Vol. vi., p. 338.) may possibly be able to give some account
+of another Kentish word, which I have met with in the country about
+Horton-Kirby, Dartford, Crayford, &c., and the which I cannot find in
+Halliwell, or any other dictionary in my possession,--viz. to _shob_ or
+_shub_. It is applied to the trimming up elm-trees in the hedge-rows, by
+cutting away all the branches except at the head: "to shob the trees" is
+the expression. Now, in German we have _schaben_, v. r. to shave; but in
+the Anglo-Saxon I find nothing nearer than _scaf_, part. _scof_, to shave.
+
+A. C. M.
+
+Exeter.
+
+_Bishop Pursglove (Suffragan) of Hull._--This prelate is buried in
+Tideswell Church, Devonshire, and a copy of his monumental brass is given
+in _Illustrations of Monumental Brasses_, published in 1842 by the
+Cambridge Camden Society. Perhaps some reader of "N. & Q." who has access
+to that work will send the inscription for insertion in your columns. Any
+information also as {66} to his consecration, character, and period of
+decease, would be acceptable. What is the best work on English Suffragan
+bishops? I believe Wharton's _Suffragans_ (which, however, I do not possess
+to refer to) is far from being complete or correct. It would be interesting
+to have a complete list of such bishops, with the names of their sees, and
+dates of consecration and demise. I find no Suffragan bishop after Bishop
+John Sterne, consecrated for Colchester 12th November, 1592, and this from
+the valuable list in Percival's _Apol. for Ap. Suc._
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Stewarts of Holland._--In the year 1739 there lived in Holland a
+Lieutenant Dougal Stewart, of the Dutch service, who was married to Susan,
+daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Fairfowl, of Bracindam. He was descended
+from the ancient Scottish family of Stewarts of Appin, in Argyleshire; and
+this Query is to inquire whether anything is known regarding him or his
+descendants, if he had such? This might find a reply in _De Navorscher_
+perhaps.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh, 1543._--Is there any detailed
+account of this prelate extant? The few particulars I have been able to
+glean respecting him are merely that he was a native of Scotland, and
+Doctor in Divinity of the University of Paris, where he probably studied
+theology, as was common with Scottish ecclesiastics of that day. He arrived
+in Ireland about the year 1541, and is memorable for the glory, or shame,
+of being the first who introduced the Jesuit order into that country. Pope
+Paul III. nominated him to the primatial see of Armagh, after the death of
+Archbishop Cromer in 1543, and during the lifetime of Archbishop Dowdal,
+who was a Catholic also, but being appointed Archbishop of Armagh in
+November 1543, by King Henry VIII., was not acknowledged at Rome as such.
+_Waucup_, as his name is also spelt, and Latinized "Venantius," never
+appears, however, to have been able to obtain regular possession of the see
+of Armagh and primacy of Ireland, being merely titular archbishop. Some
+accounts state that he was blind from his childhood, but others say, and
+probably more correctly, that he was only short-sighted. He was present at
+the Council of Trent in 1545-47, being one of the four Irish prelates who
+attended there; and, in _Hist. del Concil. Trid._, l. ii. p. 144., he is
+alluded to as having been esteemed the _best at riding post in the
+world!_--"Huomo di brevissima vista era commendato di questa, di correr
+alla posta meglio d'huomo del mondo." I should like much to ascertain the
+date and place of his birth, consecration, and death.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+_Plum-pudding._--Can any of your readers inform me of the origin of the
+following custom, and whether the ceremony is still continued? I can find
+no mention of it in any topographical dictionary or history of Devon, but
+it was copied from an old newspaper, bearing date June 7, 1809:
+
+    "At Paignton Fair, near Exeter, the ancient custom of drawing through
+    the town a plum-pudding of an immense size, and afterwards distributing
+    it to the populace, _was revived_ on Tuesday last. The ingredients
+    which composed this enormous pudding were as follows: 400 lbs. of
+    flour, 170 lbs. of beef suet, 140 lbs. of raisins, and 240 eggs. It was
+    kept constantly boiling in a brewer's copper from Saturday morning to
+    the Tuesday following, when it was placed on a car decorated with
+    ribbons, evergreens, &c., and drawn along the street by eight oxen."
+
+EVERARD HORNE COLEMAN.
+
+"_Whene'er I asked._"--I shall be very glad to know the author and the
+exact whereabouts of the following lines, which I find quoted in a MS.
+letter written from London to America, and dated 22nd October, 1767:
+
+ "Whene'er I ask'd for blessings on your head,
+  Nothing was cold or formal that I said;
+  My warmest vows to Heaven were made for thee,
+  And love still mingled with my piety."
+
+W. B. R.
+
+Philadelphia, U. S.
+
+_Immoral Works._--What ought to be done with works of this class? It is
+easy to answer, "destroy them:" but you and I know, and Mr. Macaulay has
+acknowledged, that it is often necessary to rake into the filthiest
+channels for historical and biographical evidence. I, personally, doubt
+whether we are justified in destroying _any_ evidence, however loathsome
+and offensive it may be. What, then, are we to do with it? It is impossible
+to keep such works in a private library, even under lock and key, for death
+opens locks more certainly than Mr. Hobbs himself. I think such ought to be
+preserved in the British Museum, entered in its catalogue, but only
+permitted to be seen on good reasons formally assigned in writing, and not
+then allowed to pass into the reading-room. What is the rule at the Museum?
+
+I ask these questions because I have, by accident, become possessed of a
+poem (about 1500 lines) which professes to be written by Lord Byron, is
+addressed to Thomas Moore, and was printed abroad many years since. It
+begins,--
+
+ "Thou ermin'd judge, pull off that sable cap."
+
+More specific reference will not be necessary for those who have seen the
+work. Is the writer known? I am somewhat surprised that not one of Byron's
+friends has, so far as I know, hinted a denial of the authorship; for,
+scarce as {67} the work may be, I suppose some of them must have seen it;
+and, under existing circumstances, it is possible that a copy might get
+into the hands of a desperate creature who would hope to make a profit, by
+republishing it with Byron's and Moore's names in the title-page.
+
+I. W.
+
+_Arms at Bristol._--In a window now repairing in Bristol Cathedral is this
+coat:--Arg. on a chevron or (_false heraldry_), three stags' heads
+caboshed. Whose coat is this? It is engraved in Lysons' _Gloucestershire
+Antiquities_ without name.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Passage in Thomson._--In Thomson's "Hymn to the Seasons," line 28, occurs
+the following passage:
+
+ "But wandering oft, with brute, unconscious gaze,
+  Man marks not Thee; marks not the mighty hand
+  That, ever busy, wheels the silent spheres;
+  Works in the secret deep; shoots, _steaming_, thence
+  The fair profusion that o'erspreads the spring," &c.
+
+Can any of your readers oblige by saying whether the word _steaming_, in
+the fourth line of the quotation, is the correct reading? If so, in what
+sense it can be understood? if not, whether _teeming_ is not probably the
+correct word?
+
+W. M. P.
+
+"_For God will be your King to-day._"--
+
+ "For God will be your King to-day,
+    And I'll be general under."
+
+My grandmother, who was a native of Somersetshire, and born in 1750, used
+to recite a ballad to my mother, when a child, of which the above lines are
+the only ones remembered.
+
+Do they refer to the rising under the Duke of Monmouth? And where can the
+whole of the ballad be found?
+
+M. A. S.
+
+35. Dover Road.
+
+"_See where the startled wild fowl._"--Where are the following lines to be
+found? I copy them from the print of Landseer's, called "The Sanctuary."
+
+ "See where the startled wild fowl screaming rise,
+  And seek in martial flight those golden skies.
+  Yon wearied swimmer scarce can win the land,
+  His limbs yet falter on the wat'ry strand.
+  Poor hunted hart! the painful struggle o'er,
+  How blest the shelter of that island shore!
+  There, while he sobs his panting heart to rest,
+  Nor hound nor hunter shall his lair molest."
+
+G. B. W.
+
+_Ascension-day._--Was "Ascension-day" ever kept a close holiday the same as
+Good Friday and Christmas-day? And, if so, when was such custom disused?
+
+H. A. HAMMOND.
+
+_The Grogog of a Castle._--It appears by a record of the Irish Exchequer of
+3 Edw. II., that one Walter Haket, constable of Maginnegan's Castle in the
+co. of Dublin, confined one of the King's officers in the _Grogog_ thereof.
+Will you permit me to inquire, whether this term has been applied to the
+prison of castles in England?
+
+J. F. F.
+
+Dublin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CANONGATE MARRIAGES.
+
+(Vol. v., p. 320.)
+
+I had hoped that the inquiry of R. S. F. would have drawn out some of your
+Edinburgh correspondents; but, as they are silent upon a subject they might
+have invested with interest, allow me to say a word upon these Canongate
+marriages. I need not, I think, tell R. S. F. how loosely our countrymen,
+at the period alluded to, and long subsequent thereto, looked upon the
+marriage tie; as almost every one who has had occasion to touch upon our
+_domestic_ manners and customs has pointed at, what appeared to them, and
+what really was, an anomaly in the character of a nation somewhat boastful
+of their better order and greater sense of propriety and decorum.
+
+Besides the incidental notices of travellers, the legal records of Scotland
+are rife with examples of litigation arising out of these irregular
+marriages; and upon a review of the whole history of such in the north, it
+cannot be denied that, among our staid forefathers, "matrimony was more a
+matter of merriment"[2] than a solemn and religious engagement.
+
+The Courts in Scotland usually _frowned_ upon cases submitted to them where
+there was a strong presumption that either party had been victimised by the
+other; but, unfortunately, the requirements were so simple, and the
+facility of procuring witnesses so great, that many a poor frolicksome
+fellow paid dearly for his joke by finding himself suddenly transformed,
+from a bachelor, to a spick and span Benedict; and that too upon evidences
+which would not in these days have sent a fortune-telling impostor to the
+tread-mill: the lords of the justiciary being content that some one had
+heard him use the endearing term of wife to the pursuer, or had witnessed a
+mock form at an obscure public-house, or that the parties were by habit and
+repute man and wife. How truly then may it have been said, that a man in
+the Northern Capital, so open to imposition, scarcely knew whether he was
+married or not.
+
+In cases where the ceremony was performed, it {68} did not follow that the
+priest of Hymen should be of the clerical profession:
+
+ "To tie the knot," says John Hope, "there needed none;
+  He'd find a clown, in brown, or gray,
+  Booted and spurr'd, should preach and pray;
+  And, without stir, grimace, or docket,
+  Lug out a pray'r-book from his pocket;
+  And tho' he blest in wond'rous haste,
+  Should tie them most securely fast."
+                      _Thoughts_, 1780.
+
+In Chambers's _Traditions of Edinburgh_, there is a slight allusion to
+these Canongate marriages:
+
+    "The White Horse Inn," says he, "in a close in the Canongate, is an
+    exceedingly interesting old house of entertainment. It was also
+    remarkable for the runaway couples from England, who were married in
+    its large room."
+
+The White Hart, in the Grass-market, appears to have been another of these
+Gretna Green houses.
+
+A curious fellow, well known in Edinburgh at the period referred to, was
+the high priest of the Canongate hymeneal altar. I need hardly say this was
+the famous "Claudero, the son of Nimrod the Mighty Hunter," as he
+grandiloquently styled himself: otherwise James Wilson, a disgraced
+schoolmaster, and poet-laureate to the Edinburgh _canaille_. In the large
+rooms of the above inns, this comical fellow usually presided, and
+administered relief to gallant swains and love-sick damsels, and a most
+lucrative trade he is said to have made of it:--
+
+ "Claudero's skull is ever dull,
+  Without the sterling shilling:"
+
+in allusion to their being called half-merk or shilling marriages.
+
+Chambers gives an illustrative anecdote of our subjects' matrimonial
+practices in that of a soldier and a countryman seeking from Wilson a cast
+of his office: from the first Claudero took his shilling, but demanded from
+the last a fee of five, observing--
+
+    "I'll hae this sodger ance a week a' the times he's in Edinburgh, and
+    you (the countryman) I winna see again."
+
+The Scottish poetical antiquary is familiar with this eccentric character;
+but it may not be uninteresting to your general readers to add, that when
+public excitement in Edinburgh ran high against the Kirk, the lawyers,
+meal-mongers, or other _rogues_ in _grain_, Claudero was the vehicle
+through which the democratic voice found vent in squibs and broadsides
+fired at the offending party or obnoxious measure from his lair in the
+Canongate.
+
+In his _Miscellanies_, Edin. 1766, now before me, Claudero's cotemporary,
+Geordie Boick, in a poetical welcome to London, thus compliments Wilson,
+and bewails the condition of the modern Athens under its bereavement of the
+poet:
+
+ "The ballad-singers and the printers,
+  Must surely now have starving winters;
+  Their press they may break a' in splinters,
+                      I'm told they swear,
+  Claudero's Muse, alas! we've tint her
+                      For ever mair."
+
+For want of Claudero's _lash_, his eulogist goes on to say:
+
+ "Now Vice may rear her hydra head,
+  And strike defenceless Virtue dead;
+  Religion's heart may melt and bleed,
+                      With grief and sorrow,
+  Since Satire from your streets is fled,
+                      Poor Edenburrow!"
+
+Claudero was, notwithstanding, a sorry poet, a lax moralist, and a sordid
+parson; but peace to the manes of the man, or his successor in the latter
+office, who gave me in that same long room of the White Horse in the
+Canongate of Edinburgh the best parents son was ever blest with!
+
+J. O.
+
+[Footnote 2: _Letters from Edinburgh_, London, 1776. See also, _Letters
+from a Gentleman in Scotland to his Friend in England_ (commonly called
+_Burt's Letters_): London, 1754.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LADY KATHERINE GREY.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 578.)
+
+There appears to be some doubt if the alleged marriage ever did take place,
+for I find, in Baker's _Chronicles_, p. 334., that in 1563 "divers great
+persons were questioned and condemned, but had their lives spared," and
+among them--
+
+    "Lady Katherine Grey, daughter to Henry Grey Duke of Suffolk, by the
+    eldest daughter of Charles Brandon, having formerly been married to the
+    Earl of Pembroke's eldest son, and from him soon after lawfully
+    divorced, was some years after found to be with child by Edward Seymour
+    Earl of Hartford, who, being at that time in France, was presently sent
+    for: and being examined before the Archbishop of Canterbury, and
+    affirming they were lawfully married, but not being able within a
+    limited time to produce witnesses of their marriage, they were both
+    committed to the Tower."
+
+After some further particulars of the birth of a second child in the Tower,
+the discharge of the Lieutenant, Sir Edward Warner, and the fining of the
+Earl by the Star Chamber, to the extent of 5000l., the narrative proceeds:
+
+    "Though in pleading of his case, one John Hales argued they were lawful
+    man and wife _by virtue of their own bare consent, without any
+    ecclesiastical ceremony_."
+
+Collins, in his _Peerage_ (1735), states:
+
+    "The validity of this marriage being afterwards tried at Common Law,
+    the minister who married them being present, and other circumstances
+    agreeing, the jury (whereof John Digby, Esq., was foreman) found it a
+    good marriage."
+
+{69}
+
+Sharpe, in his _Peerage_ (1833), under the title "Stamford," says:
+
+    "'The manner of her departing' _in the Tower_, which Mr. Ellis has
+    printed from a MS. so entitled in the Harleian Collection, although
+    less terrible, is scarcely less affecting than that of her heroic
+    sister," &c.
+
+Perhaps your correspondent A. S. A. may be enabled to consult this work,
+and so ascertain further particulars.
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HOWLETT THE ENGRAVER.
+
+(Vol. i., p. 321.)
+
+In your first Volume, an inquiry is made for information respecting the
+above person. As I find on referring to the subsequent volumes of "N. & Q."
+that the Query never received any reply, I beg to forward a cutting from
+the Obituary of the _New Monthly Magazine_ for June, 1828, referring to
+Howlett; concerning whom, however, I cannot give any further information.
+
+    "MR. BARTHOLOMEW HOWLETT.
+
+    "Lately in Newington, Surrey, aged sixty, Mr. Bartholomew Howlett,
+    antiquarian, draughtsman, and engraver. This artist was a pupil of Mr.
+    Heath, and for many years devoted his talents to the embellishment of
+    works on topography and antiquities. His principal publication, and
+    which will carry his name down to posterity with respect as an artist,
+    was _A Selection of Views in the County of Lincoln; comprising the
+    Principal Towns and Churches, the Remains of Castles and Religious
+    Houses, and Seats of the Nobility and Gentry; with Topographical and
+    Historical Accounts of each View_. This handsome work was completed in
+    4to. in 1805. The drawings are chiefly by T. Girtin, Nattes, Nash,
+    Corbould, &c., and the engravings are highly creditable to the burin of
+    Mr. Howlett. Mr. Howlett was much employed by the late Mr. Wilkinson on
+    his _Londina Illustrata_; by Mr. Stevenson in his second edition of
+    Bentham's _Ely_; by Mr. Frost, in his recent _Notices of Hull_; and in
+    numerous other topographical works. He executed six plans and views for
+    Major Anderson's _Account of the Abbey of St. Denis_; and occasionally
+    contributed to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, and engraved several plates
+    for it. In 1817, Mr. Howlett issued proposals for _A Topographical
+    Account of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, illustrated by
+    Engravings_. These were to have been executed from drawings by himself,
+    of which he made several, and also formed considerable collections; but
+    we believe he only published one number, consisting of three plates and
+    no letter-press. We hope the manuscripts he has left may form a
+    groundwork for a future topographer. They form part of the large
+    collections for Surrey, in the hands of Mr. Tytam. In 1826, whilst the
+    Royal Hospital and Collegiate Church of St. Katharine, near the Tower,
+    was pulling down, he made a series of drawings on the spot, which it
+    was his intention to have engraved and published. But the greatest
+    effort of his pencil was in the service of his kind patron and friend,
+    John Caley, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., keeper of the records in the
+    Augmentation Office. For this gentleman Mr. Howlett made finished
+    drawings from upwards of a thousand original seals of the monastic and
+    religious houses of this kingdom."
+
+B. HUDSON.
+
+Congleton, Cheshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHAUCER.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 603.)
+
+In reference to the question raised by J. N. B., what authority there is
+for asserting that Chaucer pursued the study of the law at the Temple, I
+send you the following extract from a sketch of his life by one of his
+latest biographers, Sir Harris Nicolas:
+
+    "It has been said that Chaucer was originally intended for the law, and
+    that, from some cause which has not reached us, and on which it would
+    be idle to speculate, the design was abandoned. The acquaintance he
+    possessed with the classics, with divinity, with astronomy, with so
+    much as was then known of chemistry, and indeed with every other branch
+    of the scholastic learning of the age, proves that his education had
+    been particularly attended to; and his attainments render it impossible
+    to believe that he quitted college at the early period at which persons
+    destined for a military life usually began their career. It was not
+    then the custom for men to pursue learning for its own sake; and the
+    most rational manner of accounting for the extent of Chaucer's
+    acquirements, is to suppose that he was educated for a learned
+    profession. The knowledge he displays of divinity would make it more
+    likely that he was intended for the church than for the bar, were it
+    not that the writings of the Fathers were generally read by all classes
+    of students. One writer says that Chaucer was a member of the Inner
+    Temple, and that while there he was fined two shillings for beating a
+    Franciscan friar in Fleet Street[3]; and another (Leland) observes,
+    that after he had travelled in France, 'collegia leguleiorum
+    frequentavit.' Nothing, however, is positively known of Chaucer until
+    the autumn of 1359, when he himself says he was in the army with which
+    Edward III. invaded France, and that he served for the first time on
+    that occasion."
+
+The following remarks are from the _Life of Chaucer_, by William Godwin,
+Lond. 1803, vol. i. p. 357.:
+
+    "The authority which of late has been principally relied upon with
+    respect to Chaucer's legal education is that of Mr. Speght, who, in his
+    _Life of Chaucer_, says, 'Not many yeeres since, Master Buckley did see
+    a record in the same house [the Inner Temple], where Geoffrey Chaucer
+    was fined two shillings for beating a Franciscane fryar in
+    Fleet-streete.' This certainly {70} would be excellent evidence, were
+    it not for the dark and ambiguous manner in which it is produced. I
+    should have been glad that Mr. Speght had himself seen the record,
+    instead of Master Buckley, of whom I suppose no one knows who he is:
+    why did he not? I should have been better satisfied if the authority
+    had not been introduced with so hesitating and questionable a phrase as
+    'not many yeeres since;' and I also think that it would have been
+    better if Master Buckley had given us the date annexed to the record;
+    as we should then at least have had the satisfaction of knowing whether
+    it did not belong to some period before our author was born, or after
+    he had been committed to the grave. Much stress, therefore, cannot be
+    laid upon the supposition of Chaucer having belonged to the Society of
+    the Inner Temple."
+
+TYRO.
+
+Dublin.
+
+[Footnote 3: "Speght, who states that a Mr. Buckley had seen a record of
+the Inner Temple to that effect."--_Note by Sir H. N._]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.
+
+_Pyrogallic Acid_ (Vol. vi., p. 612.).--In answer to the Query of your
+correspondent E. S., I beg to give the following method of preparing
+pyrogallic acid (first published by Dr. Stenhouse), which I have tried and
+found perfectly successful.
+
+Make a strong aqueous infusion of powdered galls; pour it off from the
+undissolved residue, and carefully evaporate to dryness by a gentle heat:
+towards the conclusion of the process the extract is very liable to burn;
+this is best prevented by continued stirring with a glass or porcelain
+spatula. Next, procure a flat-bottomed iron pan, about ten inches diameter
+and five inches deep. Make a hat of cartridge paper pasted together, about
+seven inches high, to slip over and accurately fit the top of the iron pan.
+Strew the bottom of the pan with the gall extract to the depth of
+three-quarters of an inch; over the top stretch and tie a piece of bibulous
+paper pierced with numerous pin-holes; over this place the hat, and tie it
+also tightly round the top of the pan.
+
+The whole apparatus is now to be placed in a sand-bath, and heat cautiously
+applied. It is convenient to place a glass thermometer in the sand-bath as
+near the iron pan as possible. The heat is to be continued about an hour,
+and to be kept as near 420deg Fah. as possible; on no account is it to
+exceed 450deg. The vapour of the acid condenses in the hat, and the
+crystals are prevented from falling back into the pan by the bibulous paper
+diaphragm. When it is supposed that the whole of the acid is sublimed, the
+strings are to be untied, and the hat and diaphragm cautiously taken off
+together; the crystals will be found in considerable quantity, and should
+be removed into a stoppered bottle; they should be very brilliant and
+perfectly white; if there is any yellow tinge, the heat has been too great.
+
+I believe that close attention to the above details will ensure success to
+any one who chooses to try the process, but at the same time I must remind
+your correspondents that scarcely any operation in chemistry is perfectly
+successful the first time of trial.
+
+J. G. H.
+
+Clapham.
+
+_Stereoscopic Pictures with One Camera_ (Vol. vi., p. 587.).--In reply to
+the inquiry of RAMUS, allow me to say the matter is not difficult. My plan
+is as follows:--Suppose a piece of still-life to be the subject. Set up the
+camera at such a distance as will give a picture of the size intended,
+suppose it sixteen feet from the principal and central object; by means of
+a measuring tape or a piece of string, measure the exact distance from the
+principal object to the front of the camera. Take and complete the first
+picture; if it prove successful, remove the camera about two feet either to
+the right or left of its first station (_i.e._ according to the judgment
+formed as to which will afford the most artistic view of the subject),
+taking care by help of the tape or string to preserve the same distance
+between the principal object and the camera, and that the adjustment of
+focus is not disturbed. In other words, the camera must be moved to another
+part of the arc of a circle, of which the principal object is the centre,
+and the measured distance the radius. If the arc through which the camera
+is moved to its second station be too large, the stereoscopic picture will
+be unnaturally and unpleasingly distorted. The second picture is now to be
+taken.
+
+If the subject be a sitter, it is of the utmost importance to proceed as
+quickly as possible, as the identical position must be retained movelessly
+till both pictures are completed. This (in my experience) is scarcely
+practicable with collodion pictures, unless by the aid of an assistant and
+two levelled developing-stands in the dark closet; for the time occupied by
+starting the first picture on its development, and preparing the second
+glass plate (scarcely less than three or four minutes), will be a heavy tax
+on the quiescent powers of the sitter. This difficulty is avoided by
+adopting the Daguerreotype process, as the plates can be prepared
+beforehand, and need not be developed before both pictures are taken. In
+this case the only delay between the pictures is in the shifting the
+position of the camera. This is readily done by providing a table of
+suitable height (instead of the ordinary tripod), on which an arc of a
+circle is painted, having for its centre the place of the sitter. If the
+sitter be at the distance of eleven or twelve feet (my usual distance with
+a 3-1/4 inch Voightlander), the camera need not be moved more than ten or
+twelve inches; and even this distance produces some visible distortion to
+an accurate observer.
+
+The second levelling stand is required when using the collodion process,
+because the second {71} picture will be ready for development before the
+developing and fixing of the first has set its stand at liberty.
+
+COKELY.
+
+_Mr. Crookes' Wax-paper Process_ (Vol. vi., p. 613.).--R. E. wishes to know
+the exact meaning of the sentence, "With the addition of as _much free
+iodine_ as will give it a sherry colour." After adding the iodide of
+potassium to the water, a small quantity of iodine (this can be proctored
+at any operative chemist's) is to be dissolved in the mixture until it be
+of the proper colour.
+
+The paper is decidedly more sensitive if exposed wet, but it should not be
+washed; and I think it is advisable to have a double quantity of nitrate of
+silver in the exciting bath. I have not yet tried any other salt than
+iodide of potassium for the first bath; but I hope before the summer to lay
+before your readers a simpler, and I think superior wax-paper process, upon
+which I am at present experimenting.
+
+WILLIAM CROOKES.
+
+Hammersmith.
+
+P.S.--I see that in the tables R. E. has given, he has nearly doubled the
+strength of my iodine bath. It should be twenty-four grains to the ounce,
+instead of forty-four; and he has entirely left out the iodine.
+
+_India Rubber a Substitute for Yellow Glass._--I think that I have made a
+discovery which may be useful to photographers. It is known that some kinds
+of yellow glass effectually obstruct the passage of the chemical rays, and
+that other kinds do not, according to the manner in which the glass is
+prepared.
+
+I have never heard or read of India rubber being used for this purpose; but
+I believe it will be found perfectly efficient, and will therefore state
+how I arrived at this conclusion.
+
+Having occasion to remove a slate from the side of my roof, to make an
+opening for my camera, I thought of a sheet of India rubber to supply the
+place of the slate, and thus obtain a flexible waterproof covering to
+exclude the wet, and to open and shut at pleasure. This succeeded
+admirably, but I found that I had also obtained a deep rich yellow window,
+which perfectly lighted a large closet, previously quite dark, and in which
+for the last ten days I have excited and developed the most sensitive
+iodized collodion on glass. I therefore simply announce the fact, as it may
+be of some importance, if verified by others and by further experiment. I
+have not yet tested it with a lens and the solution of sulphite of quinine,
+as I wished the sun to shine on the sheet of India rubber at the time,
+which would decide the question. However, sheet India rubber can be
+obtained of any size and thickness required: mine is about one-sixteenth of
+an inch thick, and one foot square; and the advantages over glass would be
+great in some cases, especially for a dark tent in the open air, as any
+amount of light might be obtained by stitching a sheet of India rubber into
+the side, which would fold up without injury. It is possible that gutta
+percha windows would answer the same purpose.
+
+H. Y. W. N.
+
+Brompton.
+
+_Dr. Diamond's Paper Processes._--We have been requested to call attention
+to, and to correct several errors of the press overlooked by us in DR.
+DIAMOND'S article, in the hurry of preparing our enlarged Number (No.
+166.). The most important is in the account of the _exciting_ fluid,--the
+omission, at p. 21. col. 1. l. 47. (after directions to take one drachm of
+aceto-nitrate of silver), of the words "_one drachm of saturated solution
+of gallic acid_." The passage should run thus: "Of this solution take one
+drachm, and one drachm of saturated solution of gallic acid, and add to it
+two ounces and a half of distilled water."
+
+In the same page, col. 2. l. 13., "solvent" should be "saturated;" and in
+the same article, _passim_, "hyposulphate" should be "hyposulphite," and
+"solari_s_e" should be "solari_z_e."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ancient Timber Town-halls._--Since my account of ancient town-halls (Vol.
+v., p. 470.) was written, one of these fabrics of the olden time noticed
+therein has ceased to exist, that of Kington, co. Hereford, it having been
+taken down early in November last, but for what reason I have not learned.
+Another, formerly standing in the small town of Church Stretton, in the co.
+of Salop, which was erected upon wooden pillars, and constructed entirely
+of timber, must have been a truly picturesque building, was taken down in
+September, 1840. A woodcut of the latter is now before me. Of the old
+market-house at Leominster I possess a very beautiful original drawing,
+done by Mr. Carter upwards of half a century ago.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+_Magnetic Intensity_ (Vol. vi., p. 578.).--The magnetic intensity is
+greatest at the poles; the ratio may roughly be said to be 1.3, but more
+accurately 1 to 2.906. This is found by observation of the oscillations of
+a vertical or horizontal needle. A needle which made 245 oscillations in
+ten minutes at Paris, made only 211 at 7deg 1' south lat. in Peru. The
+intensity and variations to which it is subject is strictly noted at all
+the magnetic observatories, and I believe the disturbances of intensity
+which sometimes occur have been found to be simultaneous by a comparison of
+observations at different latitudes.
+
+For the fullest information on magnetic intensity, ADSUM is referred to
+Sabine's _Report on_ {72} _Magnetic Intensity_, also Sabine's
+_Contributions to Terrestrial Magnetism_, 1843, No. V.
+
+T. B.
+
+_Monument at Wadstena_ (Vol. vi., pp. 388. 518.).--I have received the
+following (which I translate) from my friend in Denmark, whom I mentioned
+in my last communication on this monument:
+
+    "It is only about a month since I saw Queen Philippa's tombstone in the
+    church of Vadstena Monastery. It is a very large stone, on which the
+    device and inscription are cut in outline, but there is no _brass_
+    about it. King Erik Menved's and Queen Ingeberg's monument in Ringsted
+    Church is the finest brass I ever saw, and I have seen many."
+
+There is a good engraving of the brass alluded to, which is a very rich
+one, in _Antiquariske Annaler_, vol. iii.: Copenhagen, 1820. The
+inscriptions are curious, and the date 1319.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_David Routh, R. C. Bishop of Ossory_ (Vol. iii., p. 169.).--In the article
+on a Cardinal's Monument, by MR. J. GRAVES, of Kilkenny, allusion is made
+to the monument of the above Catholic Bishop Routh or Rothe, as being in
+the Cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, with his arms "surmounted by a
+_cardinal's hat_," and that he died some years after 1643. If MR. GRAVES
+would give the date of this prelate's decease, or rather a copy of the full
+inscription on his monument, with a notice of the sculptured armorial
+bearings thereupon, he would be conferring a favour on a distant inquirer;
+and as MR. GRAVES is, apparently, a resident at Kilkenny, no obstacle
+exists to prevent his complying with this request.
+
+Any notices procurable regarding Bishop Routh are well deserving of
+insertion in "N. & Q.," for he was a man of deep learning and research, and
+is well known to have assisted the celebrated Archbishop Ussher of Armagh
+in the compilation of his _Primordia_, for which he had high compliments
+paid him by that eminent prelate, notwithstanding their being of different
+religions.
+
+Bishop Routh was also himself the author of a work on _Irish Ecclesiastical
+History_, now very rare, and seldom procurable complete. He published it
+anonymously, in two volumes 8vo., in the year 1617, at "Coloniae, apud
+Steph. Rolinum," with the following rather long title:
+
+    "Analecta Sacra, Nova, et Mira, de Rebus Catholicorum in Hibernia:
+    Divisa in tres partes, quarum I, Continet semestrem gravaminam
+    relationem, secunda hac editione novis adauctam additamentis, et Notis
+    illustratam. II. Paraenesin ad Martyres designatos. III. Processum
+    Martyrialem quorundam Fidei Pugilium; Collectore et Relatore, T. N.
+    Philadelpho."
+
+I fear this has degenerated from a Note into a Query; however, I may state
+in conclusion, that MR. GRAVES is in error in styling the hat on Bishop
+Routh's monument a cardinal's, for all Catholic prelates, and abbots also,
+have their armorial bearings surmounted by a hat, exactly similar to a
+cardinal's hat, with this difference only, that the number of tassels
+depending from it varies according to the rank of the prelate, from the
+_cardinal's_ with fifteen tassels in five rows, down to that of a _prior_
+with three only on each side in two rows.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_Cardinal Erskine_ (Vol. ii., p. 406.; Vol. iii., p. 13.).--Several notices
+of this ecclesiastic have appeared in "N. & Q.," but as none of them give
+the exact information required, I now do so, though perhaps tardily. He was
+born 13th February, 1753, at Rome, where his father, Colin Erskine, a
+Jacobite, and exiled scion of the noble Scottish house of Erskine, Earls of
+Kellie, had taken up his residence. "Monsignor Charles Erskine," having
+embraced the ecclesiastical life at an early age, and passed through
+several gradations in the Church of Rome, was, in 1785, "Promotore della
+Fede," an office of the Congregation of Rites; in 1794 auditor to Pope Pius
+VI., and raised to the purple by Pope Pius VII., who created him a
+_Cardinal_-Deacon of the Holy Roman Church, 25th February, 1801. Cardinal
+Erskine accompanied the latter pontiff in his exile from Rome in the year
+1809, and died at Paris, 19th March, 1811, in the fifty-eighth year of his
+age, and eleventh of his cardinalate.
+
+A. S. A.
+
+Punjaub.
+
+_"Ne'er to these chambers," &c._ (Vol. vii., p. 14.).--In reply to ARAM'S
+Query: "Where do these lines come from?" they come from Tickell's sublime
+and pathetic "Elegy on the Death of Addison." ARAM ("Wits have short
+memories," &c.) has _misquoted_ them. In a poem of so high a mood, to
+_displace_ a word is to destroy a beauty. ARAM has _interpolated_ several
+words. The following is the _true_ version:
+
+ "Ne'er to these chambers, where the mighty rest,
+  Since their foundation, came a nobler guest,
+  Nor e'er was to the bowers of bliss convey'd
+  A fairer spirit, or more welcome shade."
+
+GEORGE DANIEL.
+
+Canonbury.
+
+These lines are taken from the "Elegy on the Death of Addison," written by
+Tickell. They are, if I remember rightly, inscribed on the gravestone
+recently placed over his remains by the Earl of Ellesmere, in the north
+aisle of Henry VII.'s Chapel. The last two lines which your correspondent
+quotes should be as follows:
+
+ "Nor _e'er was to the bowers of bliss convey'd_
+  A _fairer_ spirit, or more welcome shade."
+
+J. K. R. W.
+
+{73}
+
+_The Budget_ (Vol. vi., p. 604.).--It may be useful to inform
+PRESTONIENSIS, that, in a recent work on political economy, M. Ch. Coquelin
+says, that the word _budget_, in its present signification, has passed into
+France from England: the latter country having first borrowed it from the
+old French language--_bougette_ signifying (and particularly in old Norman)
+a leather purse. It was the custom in England to put into a leather bag the
+estimates of receipts and expenditure presented to parliament: and hence,
+as Coquelin observes, the term passed from the containant to the contained,
+and, with this new signification, returned from this country into France;
+where it was first used in an official manner in the _arretes_ of the
+Consul's 4th Themidor, year X, and 17th Germinal, year XI.
+
+F. H.
+
+"_Catching a Tartar_" (Vol. vi., p. 317.).--This common and expressive
+saying is thus explained in Arvine's _Cyclopaedia_:
+
+    "In some battle between the Russians and the Tartars, who are a wild
+    sort of people in the north of Asia, a private soldier called out,
+    'Captain, halloo there! I've caught a Tartar!' 'Fetch him along then,'
+    said the Captain. 'Ay, but he won't let me,' said the man. And the fact
+    was the Tartar had caught him. So when a man thinks to take another in,
+    and gets himself bit, they say he's caught a Tartar."
+
+Grose says that this saying originated with an Irish soldier who was in the
+"Imperial," that is, I suppose he means the Austrian service. This is
+hardly probable; the Irish are made to father many sayings which do not
+rightly belong to them, and this I think may be safely written as one among
+the number.
+
+EIRIONNACH has now two references before him, Grose's _Glossary_ and
+Arvine's _Cyclopaedia_, in which his Query is partly explained, if he can
+but find the dates of their publication. In this search I regret I cannot
+assist him, as neither of these works are to be found in the libraries of
+this island; at least thus far I have not been able to meet with them.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_The Termination "-itis"_ (Vol. vii., p. 13.).--ADSUM asks: "What is the
+derivation of the term _-itis_, used principally in medical words, and
+these signifying, inflammation?" If "N. & Q." were a medical journal, the
+question might be answered at length, to the great advantage of the
+profession; for, of late years, this termination has been tacked on by
+medical writers, especially foreigners, to words of all kinds, in utter
+defiance of the rules of language: as if a Greek affix were quite a natural
+ending to a Latin or French noun. _-itis_ can with propriety be appended
+only to those Greek nouns whose adjectives end in [Greek: -ites]: _e.g._
+[Greek: pleura, pleurites]; [Greek: keras, keratites], &c. [Greek:
+Pleuritis] is used by Hippocrates. [Greek: Pleura] means the membrane
+lining the side of the chest: [Greek: pleuritis] ([Greek: nodos]
+understood) is morbus lateralis, the side-disease, or pleurisy. In the same
+manner _keratitis_ is a very legitimate synonym for disease of the horny
+coat (cornea) of the eye. But medical writers, disregarding the rules of
+language, have, for some years past, revelled in the use of their favourite
+_-itis_ to a most ludicrous extent. Thus, from _cornea_, they make
+"corneitis," and describe an inflammation of the crystalline lens as
+_lentitis_. Nay, some French and German writers on diseases of the eyes
+have coined the monstrous word "Descemetitis," on the ground that one
+Monsieur Descemet discovered a structure in the eye, which, out of
+compliment to him, was called "the membrane of Descemet."
+
+JAYDEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+DEFENCE OF USURY, by BENTHAM. (A Tract.)
+
+TREATISE ON LAW, by MACKINLOCH.
+
+TWO DISCOURSES OF PURGATORY AND PRAYERS FOR THE DEAD, by WM. WAKE. 1687.
+
+WHAT THE CHARTISTS ARE. A Letter to English Working Men, by a
+Fellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848.
+
+LETTER OF CHURCH RATES, by RALPH BARNES. 8vo. London, 1837.
+
+COLMAN'S TRANSLATION OF HORACE DE ARTE POETICA. 4to. 1783.
+
+CASAUBON'S TREATISE ON GREEK AND ROMAN SATIRE.
+
+BOSCAWEN'S TREATISE ON SATIRE. London, 1797.
+
+JOHNSON'S LIVES (Walker's Classics). Vol. I.
+
+TITMARSH'S PARIS SKETCH-BOOK. Post 8vo. Vol. I. Macrone, 1840.
+
+ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON'S WORKS. Vol. IV. 8vo Edition. 1819.
+
+FIELDING'S WORKS. Vol. XI. (being second of "Amelia.") 12mo. 1808.
+
+HOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 8vo. 1789.
+
+OTWAY. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 1768.
+
+EDMONDSON'S HERALDRY. Vol. II. Folio, 1780.
+
+SERMONS AND TRACTS, by W. ADAMS, D.D.
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for January 1851.
+
+BEN JONSON'S WORKS. (London, 1716. 6 Vols.) Vol. II. wanted.
+
+THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE. (Original Edition.) Vol. I.
+
+RAPIN'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, 8vo. Vols. I., III. and V. of the CONTINUATION
+by TINDAL. 1744.
+
+SHARPE'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols. 1819. Piccadilly.
+
+INCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman.
+
+MEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to the necessity of infringing on the present Number for the
+Title-page of our Sixth Volume, we are compelled to omit many interesting
+communications, and also our usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _&c._
+
+B. H. C._'s communication on the subject of "Proclamations" has been
+forwarded to_ MR. BRUCE. {74}
+
+A. S. T. _The line is from Prior_:
+
+ "Fine by degrees and beautifully less."
+
+T. M. G. (Worcester) _is thanked_. _As the entire document would not occupy
+any great space, we shall be obliged by the opportunity of inserting it._
+
+NOTES ON OLD LONDON _have only been thrust aside_. _They are intended for
+early insertion._
+
+M. B. C. _We fear this cannot be avoided. The only consolation is, the
+additional interest with which the volumes will be regarded a century
+hence._
+
+N. C. L., _who writes respecting Shaw's_ Stafford MSS., _is requested to
+say how a communication may be forwarded to him_.
+
+A READER, _who writes respecting the "Arnold Family," the same_.
+
+W. S.'s (Sheffield) _communications are at press, and shall have early
+attention_.
+
+J. E. L. _is thanked_. _We can assure him that the present result of much
+consideration and many communications, both by letter and personally, is to
+impress us with the feeling that the majority approve. The book-men shall,
+however, be no losers._
+
+NEW ORDINARY OF ARMS. _The anonymous Correspondent on this subject will
+obtain the information of which he is in search on reference to its Editor,
+Mr. J. W. Papworth, 14 A. Great Marlborough Street, London._
+
+ALDIBORONTOPHOSKOPHORNIO--WORLD WITHOUT A SUN. _The many Correspondents who
+have replied to these Queries are thanked._
+
+C. (Pontefract) _is requested to forward copies of the Queries in
+question_.
+
+REV. E. B. (B***) _is requested to state the subject of his communication.
+In his last very extraordinary letter he has omitted this important piece
+of information._
+
+C. E. F. _who complains of the disappearance of a portion of the collodion
+film at the spot where the hyposulphite of soda is applied, is informed
+that this is by no means an uncommon occurrence, and indicates the feeble
+action of the light at the present time of year. By using the glass a
+little larger than is required, as has been before recommended, and pouring
+the hyposulphite of soda on the portion which is to be cut off, and
+allowing it to flow over the picture, the defect will generally be avoided.
+A much stronger solution of the hyposulphite of soda may be used--say, one
+ounce to two ounces of water; and then, by preserving the solution, and
+using it over and over again, a more agreeable picture is produced. The
+solution, when it becomes weak, may be refreshed by a few crystals of the
+fresh salt added to it._
+
+F. W. _If the bath of nitrate of silver produces the semi-opaque appearance
+upon the collodion, in all probability there is no hyposulphite of soda in
+the bath: three or four drops of tincture of iodine added to each ounce of
+the solution of nitrate of silver in the bath, often acts very
+beneficially. All doubtful solutions of nitrate of silver it is well to
+precipitate by means of common salt, collect the chloride, and reduce it
+again to its metallic state. The paper process described by DR. DIAMOND in
+our 166th Number is calculated both for positives and negatives._
+
+"Notes and Queries" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for JANUARY, price 1s. 6d., or by post 2s. (commencing
+a new volume), contains:
+
+     I. The Hungarian Struggle and Arthur Goergey.
+    II. Scottish Preachers and Preaching.
+   III. Thackeray's History of Colonel Esmond.
+    IV. British South Africa.
+     V. Solwan; or Waters of Comfort.
+    VI. Religious Persecutions in Tuscany.
+   VII. The Distribution of the Representation.
+  VIII. Review of the Month, &c. &.c
+
+This day is published, No. IX., price 1s. (80 pp.),
+
+THE HOMILIST; and Bi-Monthly Pulpit Review.
+
+    CONTENTS:
+
+    HOMILY:--The Historic Forms of Anti-Theism.
+
+    GERMS OF THOUGHT.
+
+    THE GENIUS OF THE GOSPEL:--The Temptation of Christ; or, the Typal
+    Battle of the Good.
+
+    GLANCES AT SOME OF THE GREAT PREACHERS OF ENGLAND:--Hugh Latimer.
+
+    THEOLOGICAL AND PULPIT LITERATURE:--Schleiermacher. Wellington and the
+    Pulpit.
+
+No. X. will be published on the 1st of March.
+
+    WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 1 vol. 8vo., price 9s.
+
+ANCIENT IRISH MINSTRELSY, by REV. W. HAMILTON DRUMMOND, D.D., M.R.S.A.
+
+    "A graceful addition to the lover of Ancient Minstrelsy, whether he be
+    Irishman or not. A man need not be English to enjoy the Chevy Chace,
+    nor Scotch to value the Border Minstrelsy. The extracts we have given
+    from Dr. Drummond's work, so full of force and beauty, will satisfy
+    him, we trust, he need not be Irish to enjoy the fruits of Dr. D.'s
+    labours."--_The Dublin Advocate._
+
+Dublin: HODGES & SMITH, Grafton Street. London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.,
+4. Stationers' Hall Court.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, Vol. I., 2l. 12s. 6d.
+
+DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing Examples,
+by J. K. COLLING, Architect.
+
+No. XXV. of Vol. II. contains:
+
+    West Doorway of North Aisle, Kingsbury Church, Warwick. South Doorway,
+    Ebony Chapel, Kent.
+
+    Corbel from the Mayor's Chapel, Bristol.
+
+    Sedilia and Piscina in the Chantry Chapel, Bitton Church,
+    Gloucestershire.
+
+    Ditto, Ditto, Section and Details.
+
+    Naves, Piers, and Arches, Wittersham Church, Kent. Ditto, Fishtoft
+    Church, Lincoln, Ditto, St. Mary's Church, Scarborough.
+
+Also,
+
+GOTHIC ORNAMENTS,
+
+Being a Series of Examples of enriched Details and Accessories of the
+Architecture of Great Britain. Drawn from existing Authorities by JAMES K.
+COLLING, Architect. 2 vols. 4to., 7l. 10s., cloth.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, and DAVID BOGUE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+To Members of Learned Societies, Authors, &c.
+
+ASHBEE & DANGERFIELD, LITHOGRAPHERS, DRAUGHTSMEN, AND PRINTERS, 18. Broad
+Court, Long Acre.
+
+A. & D. respectfully beg to announce that they devote particular attention
+to the execution of ANCIENT AND MODERN FAC-SIMILES, comprising Autograph
+Letters, Deeds, Charters, Title-pages, Engravings, Woodcuts, &c., which
+they produce from any description of copies with the utmost accuracy, and
+without the slightest injury to the originals.
+
+Among the many purposes to which the art of Lithography is most
+successfully applied, may be specified,--ARCHAEOLOGICAL DRAWINGS,
+Architecture, Landscapes, Marine Views, Portraits from Life or Copies,
+Illuminated MSS., Monumental Brasses, Decorations, Stained Glass Windows,
+Maps, Plans, Diagrams, and every variety of illustrations requisite for
+Scientific and Artistic Publications.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS lithographed with the greatest care and exactness.
+
+LITHOGRAPHIC OFFICES, 18. Broad Court, Long Acre, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Twenty-five Letters of Nelson, near One Hundred interesting Letters of
+    the Duke of Wellington, Important State Papers illustrative of the
+    Reign of George III., and other very valuable Autographs.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on TUESDAY, January 24, and
+Two following Days, a Valuable Assemblage of Autograph Letters, in the
+finest preservation; including the Joint Collections of S. J. PRATT and DR.
+MAVOR; amongst which will be found many Letters of great Rarity and
+Interest, Selections from the Fairfax and Rupert Correspondence, &c.
+
+Catalogues will be sent on Application (if in the Country, on receipt of
+Six Stamps).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Theology, Voyages and Travels, American History and Literature, and the
+    celebrated Copy of the Scriptures known as "The Bowyer Bible."
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on SATURDAY, Feb. 26, and
+Five following Days, an Extensive and Valuable Collection of Curious and
+Interesting Voyages and Travels, many of which relate to America, the East
+and West Indies, &c.: also valuable Theological Books, including a large
+Collection of the Works of Puritan Writers; to which is added, the
+Celebrated Copy of the Holy Scriptures, known as
+
+"THE BOWYER BIBLE,"
+
+the most extensively Illustrated Book extant formed at a cost of several
+Thousand Pounds; the elaborately Carved Oak Case to contain the same, &c.
+
+Catalogues are preparing, and may shortly be had.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Recently published, price 2d.
+
+DEATH THE LEVELLER. A Sermon preached in Ecclesfield Parish Church, by the
+REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar, on the 21st of November, 1852, the Sunday
+after the Funeral of the Duke of Wellington.
+
+Published by Request.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{75}
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
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+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
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+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
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+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
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+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
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+MR. HENRI VAN LAUN assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge of
+the French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with the
+ancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages, and also
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+gentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He also undertakes
+the translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be addressed, pre-paid.
+ANDREW'S Library, 167. New Bond Street.
+
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+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
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+Founded A.D. 1842.
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+   _Directors._
+  H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.
+  William Cabell, Esq.
+  T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+  G. Henry Drew, Esq.
+  William Evans, Esq.
+  William Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  James Hunt, Esq.
+  J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  James Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. Basley White, Esq.
+  Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+   _Trustees._
+  W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.;
+  L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.;
+  George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
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+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS of absolute Purity, especially prepared for this
+Art, may be procured from R.W. THOMAS, Operative Chemist, 10. Pall Mall,
+whose well-known Preparation of Xylo-Iodide of Silver is pronounced by the
+most eminent scientific men of the day to excel every other Photographic
+Compound in sensitiveness, and in the marvellous vigour uniformly preserved
+in the middle tints of pictures produced by it. MR. R. W. THOMAS cautions
+Photographers against unprincipled persons who (from the fact of Xyloidin
+and Collodion being synonymous terms) would lead them to imagine that the
+inferior compound sold by them at half the price is identical with his
+preparation. In some cases, even the name of MR. T.'s Xylo-Iodide of Silver
+has been assumed. In order to prevent such dishonourable practice, each
+bottle sent from his Establishment is stamped with a red label bearing his
+signature, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+Prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, Chemist, &c., 10. Pall Mall.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may
+be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured
+Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of
+Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+    BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+    Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed Paper Process.
+Apparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparation for the above
+processes, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of Collodio-iodide
+or Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9d. per oz. Pyro-gallic Acid, 4s. per drachm.
+Acetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures, 8d. per oz. Crystallizable and
+perfectly pure, on which the success of the Calo-typist so much depends,
+1s. per oz. Canson Frere's Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive do., 4s. 6d.; La
+Croix, 3s.; Turner, 3s. Whatman's Negative and Positive, 3s. per quire.
+Iodized Waxed Paper, 10s. 6d. per quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the
+Camera, and warranted to keep from fourteen to twenty days, with directions
+for use, 11 x 9, 9s. per doz.; Iodized, only 6s. per doz.
+
+    GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander & Sons' celebrated
+    Lenses), Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE begs to announce that he has now
+made arrangements for printing Calotypes in large or small quantities,
+either from Paper or Glass Negatives. Gentlemen who are desirous of having
+good impressions of their works, may see specimens of Mr. Delamotte's
+Printing at his own residence, 38. Chepstow Place, Bayswater, or at
+
+MR. GEORGE BELL'S, 186 Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Frere's make. Waxed-Paper for Le Grey's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENERAL CORNWALLIS.
+
+An original Portrait for Sale, by COTES.
+
+Address H. W., care of Samuel Edwards, Esq., 16. Harpur Street, Red Lion
+Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP BOOKS.--Just Published, a Catalogue of Second-Hand Books (many
+curious), on Sale for Ready Money, by J. CROZIER. No. 5. New Turnstile
+(near Lincoln's Inn Fields), Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHER'S PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.--This very useful apparatus for working the
+various Photographic Processes in the open air, without the aid of any tent
+or dark chamber, can only be obtained of MR. ARCHER, 105. Great Russell
+Street, Bloomsbury. These Cameras are made either folding or otherwise.
+Also a portable folding Tripod Stand, so constructed that the Camera can be
+raised or lowered, at pleasure. Achromatic Fluid and other Lenses from 2l.
+2s. to 6l. 6s. Iodized Collodion, 10s. per lb., 9d. per oz.; and all
+Chemicals of the best quality.
+
+Practical Instruction given in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.--Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of
+photography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Grey, Brebisson, &c.
+&c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON, Manufacturer of pure chemicals for
+Photographic and other purposes.
+
+Lists of Prices to be had on application.
+
+146. Holborn Bars.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RALPH'S SERMON PAPER,--This approved Paper is particularly deserving the
+notice of the Clergy, as, from its particular form (each page measuring
+5-3/4 by 9 inches), it will contain more matter than the size in ordinary
+use: and, from the width being narrower, is much more easy to read: adapted
+for expeditious writing with either the quill or metallic pen; price 5s.
+per ream. Sample on application.
+
+ENVELOPE PAPER.--To identify the contents with the address and postmark,
+important in all business communications; it admits of three clear pages
+(each measuring 5-1/2 by 8 inches), for correspondence, it saves time and
+is more economical. Price 9s. 6d. per ream.
+
+F. W. RALPH Manufacturing Stationer, 36. Throgmorton Street, Bank.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London,
+respectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and
+brought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides
+numerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's
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+their instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for
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+shade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR &
+STRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street.
+
+Sold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all
+parts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{76}
+
+Now ready, in Seven Volumes, medium 4to., cloth, pp. 4,167, Price Fourteen
+Guineas,
+
+THE ANNALS OF IRELAND;
+
+    From the Original of the Four Masters, from the earliest Historic
+    Period to the Conclusion in 1616; consisting of the Irish Text from the
+    Original MSS., and an English Translation, with copious Explanatory
+    Notes, an Index of Names, and an Index of Places, by JOHN O'DONOVAN,
+    Esq., LL.D., Barrister at Law; Professor of the Celtic Language,
+    Queen's College, Belfast.
+
+_Extract from the_ DUBLIN REVIEW.
+
+"We can but hope, within the limited space at our disposal, to render a
+scanty and imperfect measure of justice to a work of such vast extent and
+varied erudition.... We would beg the reader, if he be disposed to doubt
+our opinion, to examine almost every single page out of the four thousand
+of which the work consists, in order that he may learn the true nature and
+extent of Mr. O'Donovan's editorial labours. Let him see the numberless
+minute verbal criticisms; the elaborate topographical annotations with
+which each page is loaded; the historical, genealogical, and biographical
+notices; the lucid and ingenious illustrations, drawn from the ancient
+laws, customs, traditions, and institutions of Ireland; the parallelisms
+and discrepancies of the narrative with that of other annalists, both
+native and foreign; the countless authorities which are examined and
+adjusted; the errors which are corrected; the omissions and deficiencies
+supplied; in a word, the curious and various learning which is everywhere
+displayed. Let him remember the mines from which all those treasures have
+been drawn are, for the most part, unexplored; that the materials thus
+laudably applied to the illustration of the text are in great part
+manuscripts which Ussher and Ware, even Waddy and Colgen, no to speak of
+Lynch and Lanigan, had never seen or left unexamined; many of them in a
+language which is to a great extent obsolete."
+
+A Prospectus of the Work will be forwarded gratis to any application made
+to the Publishers.
+
+Dublin: HODGES & SMITH, Grafton Street, Booksellers to the University.
+
+London: LONGMAN & Co.; and SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & Co.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth, 2l. 2s. 6d.; morocco, 2l.
+12s. 6d.
+
+POETRY OF THE YEAR,
+
+PASSAGES FROM THE POETS
+
+DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS.
+
+WITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING
+EMINENT ARTISTS.
+
+  T. CRESWICK, R.A.
+  C. DAVIDSON.
+  W. LEE.
+  J. MULLER.
+  E. DUNCAN.
+  BIRKET FOSTER.
+  D. COX.
+  H. LE JEUNE.
+  W. HEMSLEY.
+  C. BRANWHITE.
+  J. WOLF.
+  C. WEIGALL.
+  HARRISON WEIR.
+  R. R.
+  E. V. B.
+  LUCETTE E. BARKER.
+
+    "Christmas has seldom produced a gift-book more creditable to all
+    concerned in it than this beautiful volume. The poetry is well chosen;
+    the passages being for the most part bits of real description,
+    excellent in their kind, from the writings of our poets, from the time
+    of Lord Surrey to that of Tennyson, with two or three beautiful bits
+    from American authors. Now and then a poem is inserted, which, if not
+    descriptive, is in spirit and feeling akin to the season to which it is
+    referred; and this gives variety to what might otherwise be too great a
+    mass of description. As a book of extracts merely, it would be an
+    intelligent and creditable selection, made upon a distinct and coherent
+    plan. But the drawings of Messrs. Foster, Davidson, Weir, Creswick,
+    Cox, Duncan, and Branwhite, are a great addition to the volume; and the
+    coloured engravings have been happy in catching the spirit and
+    character of the artist themselves.
+
+    "Though on a small scale, the feeling of some of the designs is
+    admirable, specially those devoted to the illustration of spring and
+    summer--the seasons which, both in poetry and painting, have the
+    greatest amount of honour in this volume. The publisher is entitled to
+    the praise of great care and attention to the appearance of the book;
+    the colour and texture of the paper, the type, and the binding are
+    unexceptionable. It is a book to do credit to any
+    publisher."--_Guardian._
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 15. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 168, January
+15, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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