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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of When a Man Comes to Himself, by Woodrow Wilson
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+Title: When a Man Comes to Himself
+
+Author: Woodrow Wilson
+
+Release Date: February, 2004 [EBook #5078]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on April 16, 2002]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+Character set encoding: ASCII
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHEN A MAN COMES TO HIMSELF ***
+
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+
+
+This etext was produced by Jennifer Godwin, <http://www.jengod.com/>
+
+
+
+
+When a Man Comes to Himself
+
+Woodrow Wilson
+Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D.
+President of the United States
+
+1901.
+
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+It is a very wholesome and regenerating change which a man undergoes
+when he "comes to himself." It is not only after periods of
+recklessness or infatuation, when has played the spendthrift or the
+fool, that a man comes to comes to himself.  He comes to himself
+after experiences of which he alone may be aware: when he has left
+off being wholly preoccupied with his own powers and interests and
+with every petty plan that centers in himself; when he has cleared
+his eyes to see the world as it is, and his own true place and
+function in it.
+
+It is a process of disillusionment.  The scales have fallen away.
+He sees himself soberly, and knows under what conditions his powers
+must act, as well as what his powers are.  He has got rid of earlier
+prepossessions about the world of men and affairs, both those which
+were too favorable and those which were too unfavorable--both those
+of the nursery and those of a young man's reading.  He has learned
+his own paces, or, at any rate, is in a fair way to learn them; has
+found his footing and the true nature of the "going" he must look
+for in the world; over what sorts of roads he must expect to make
+his running, and at what expenditure of effort; whither his goal
+lies, and what cheer he may expect by the way.  It is a process of
+disillusionment, but it disheartens no soundly made man.  It brings
+him into a light which guides instead of deceiving him; a light
+which does not make the way look cold to any man whose eyes are fit
+for use in the open, but which shines wholesomely, rather upon the
+obvious path, like the honest rays of the frank sun, and makes
+traveling both safe and cheerful.
+
+
+II
+
+There is no fixed time in a man's life at which he comes to himself,
+and some man never come to themselves at all.  It is a change
+reserved for the thoroughly sane and healthy, and for those who can
+detach themselves from tasks and drudgery long and often enough to
+get, at any rate once and again, a view of the proportions of life
+and of the stage and plot of its action.  We speak often with
+amusement, sometimes with distaste and uneasiness, of men who "have
+no sense of humor," who take themselves too seriously, who are
+intense, self-absorbed, over-confident in matters of opinion, or
+else go plumed with conceit, proud of we cannot tell what, enjoying,
+appreciating, thinking of nothing so much as themselves.  These are
+men who have not suffered that wholesome change.  They have not come
+to themselves.  If they be serious men, and real forces in the
+world, we may conclude that they have been too much and too long
+absorbed; that their tasks and responsibilities long ago rose about
+them like a flood, and have kept them swimming with sturdy stroke
+the years through, their eyes level with the troubled surface--no
+horizon in sight, no passing fleets, no comrades but those who
+struggled in the flood like themselves.  If they be frivolous,
+light-headed, men without purpose or achievement, we may conjecture,
+if we do not know, that they were born so, or spoiled by fortune, or
+befuddled by self-indulgence.  It is no great matter what we think
+of them.
+
+It is enough to know that there are some laws which govern a man's
+awakening to know himself and the right part to play.  A man is the
+part he plays among his fellows.  He is not isolated; he cannot be.
+His life is made up of the relations he bears to others--is made or
+marred by those relations, guided by them, judged by them, expressed
+in them.  There is nothing else upon which he can spend his spirit--
+nothing else that we can see.  It is by these he gets his spiritual
+growth; it is by these we see his character revealed, his purpose
+and his gifts.  Some play with a certain natural passion, an
+unstudied directness, without grace, without modulation, with no
+study of the masters or consciousness of the pervading spirit of the
+plot; others gives all their thought to their costume and think only
+of the audience; a few act as those who have mastered the secrets of
+a serious art, with deliberate subordination of themselves to the
+great end and motive of the play, spending themselves like good
+servants, indulging no wilfulness, obtruding no eccentricity,
+lending heart and tone and gesture to the perfect progress of the
+action.  These have "found themselves," and have all the ease of a
+perfect adjustment.
+
+Adjustment is exactly what a man gains when he comes to himself.
+Some men gain it late, some early; some get it all at once, as if by
+one distinct act of deliberate accommodation; others get it by
+degrees and quite imperceptibly.  No doubt to most men it comes by
+slow processes of experience--at each stage of life a little.  A
+college man feels the first shock of it at graduation, when the
+boy's life has been lived out and the man's life suddenly begins.
+He has measured himself with boys; he knows their code and feels the
+spur of their ideals of achievement.  But what the expects of him he
+has yet to find out, and it works, when he has discovered, a
+veritable revolution in his ways both of thought and of action.  He
+finds a new sort of fitness demanded of him, executive, thorough-
+going, careful of details, full of drudgery and obedience to orders.
+Everybody is ahead of him.  Just now he was a senior, at the top of
+the world he knows and reigned in, a finished product and pattern of
+good form.  Of a sudden he is a novice again, as green as in his
+first school year, studying a thing that seems to have no rules--at
+sea amid crosswinds, and a bit seasick withal.  Presently, if he be
+made of stuff that will shake into shape and fitness, he settles to
+his tasks and is comfortable.  He has come to himself: understands
+what capacity is, and what it is meant for; sees that his training
+was not for ornament or personal gratification, but to teach him how
+to use himself and develop faculties worth using.  Henceforth there
+is a zest in action, and he loves to see his strokes tell.
+
+The same thing happens to the lad come from the farm into the city,
+a big and novel field, where crowds rush and jostle, and a rustic
+boy must stand puzzled for a little how to use his placid and
+unjaded strength.  It happens, too, though in a deeper and more
+subtle way, to the man who marries for love, if the love be true and
+fit for foul weather.  Mr. Bagehot used to say that a bachelor was
+"an amateur at life," and wit and wisdom are married in the jest.  A
+man who lives only for himself has not begun to live--has yet to
+learn his use, and his real pleasure, too, in the world.  It is not
+necessary he should marry to find himself out, but it is necessary
+he should love.  Men have come to themselves serving their mothers
+with an unselfish devotion, or their sisters, or a cause for whose
+sake they forsook ease and left off thinking of themselves.  If is
+unselfish action, growing slowly into the high habit of devotion,
+and at last, it may be, into a sort of consecration, that teaches a
+man the wide meaning of his life, and makes of him a steady
+professional in living, if the motive be not necessity, but love.
+Necessity may make a mere drudge of a man, and no mere drudge ever
+made a professional of himself; that demands a higher spirit and a
+finer incentive than his.
+
+
+III
+
+Surely a man has come to himself only when he has found the best
+that is in him, and has satisfied his heart with the highest
+achievement he is fit for.  It is only then that he knows of what he
+is capable and what his heart demands.  And, assuredly, no
+thoughtful man ever came to the end of his life, and had time and
+a little space of calm from which to look back upon it, who did not
+know and acknowledge that it was what he had done unselfishly and
+for others, and nothing else, that satisfied him in the retrospect,
+and made him feel that he had played the man.  That alone seems to
+him the real measure of himself, the real standard of his manhood.
+And so men grow by having responsibility laid upon them, the burden
+of other people's business.  Their powers are put out at interest,
+and they get usury in kind.  They are like men multiplied.
+Each counts manifold.  Men who live with an eye only upon what is
+their own are dwarfed beside them--seem fractions while they are
+integers.  The trustworthiness of men trusted seems often to grow
+with the trust.
+
+It is for this reason that men are in love with power and greatness:
+it affords them so pleasurable an expansion of faculty, so large a
+run for their minds, an exercise of spirit so various and
+refreshing; they have the freedom of so wide a tract of the world of
+affairs.  But if they use power only for their own ends, if there be
+no unselfish service in it, if its object be only their personal
+aggrandizement, their love to see other men tools in their hands,
+they go out of the world small, disquieted, beggared, no enlargement
+of soul vouchsafed them, no usury of satisfaction.  They have added
+nothing to themselves.  Mental and physical powers alike grow by
+use, as every one knows; but labor for oneself is like exercise in a
+gymnasium.  No healthy man can remain satisfied with it, or regard
+it as anything but a preparation for tasks in the open, amid the
+affairs of the world--not sport, but business--where there is no
+orderly apparatus, and every man must devise the means by which he
+is to make the most of himself.  To make the most of himself means
+the multiplication of his activities, and he must turn away from
+himself for that.  He looks about him, studies the fact of business
+or of affairs, catches some intimation of their larger objects, is
+guided by the intimation, and presently finds himself part of the
+motive force of communities or of nations.  It makes no difference
+how small part, how insignificant, how unnoticed.  When his powers
+begin to play outward, and he loves the task at hand, not because it
+gains him a livelihood, but because it makes him a life, he has come
+to himself.
+
+Necessity is no mother to enthusiasm.  Necessity carries a whip.
+Its method is compulsion, not love.  It has no thought to make
+itself attractive; it is content to drive.  Enthusiasm comes
+with the revelation of true and satisfying objects of devotion;
+and it is enthusiasm that sets the powers free.  It is a sort
+of enlightenment.  It shines straight upon ideals, and for those
+who see it the race and struggle are henceforth toward these.
+An instance will point the meaning.  One of the most distinguished
+and most justly honored of our great philanthropists spent the
+major part of his life absolutely absorbed in the making of
+money--so it seemed to those who did not know him.  In fact, he had
+very early passed the stage at which he looked upon his business as
+a means of support or of material comfort.  Business had become
+for him an intellectual pursuit, a study in enterprise and
+increment.  The field of commerce lay before him like a chess-board;
+the moves interested him like the manoeuvers of a game.  More money
+was more power, a great advantage in the game, the means of shaping
+men and events and markets to his own ends and uses.  It was his
+will that set fleets afloat and determined the havens they were
+bound for; it was his foresight that brought goods to market at the
+right time; it was his suggestion that made the industry of
+unthinking men efficacious; his sagacity saw itself justified at
+home not only, but at the ends of the earth.  And as the money
+poured in, his government and mastery increased, and his mind was
+the more satisfied.  It is so that men make little kingdoms for
+themselves, and an international power undarkened by diplomacy,
+undirected by parliaments.
+
+
+IV
+
+It is a mistake to suppose that the great captains of industry, the
+great organizers and directors of manufacture and commerce and
+monetary exchange, are engrossed in a vulgar pursuit of wealth.  Too
+often they suffer the vulgarity of wealth to display itself in the
+idleness and ostentation of their wives and children, who "devote
+themselves," it may be, "to expense regardless of pleasure"; but we
+ought not to misunderstand even that, or condemn it unjustly.  The
+masters of industry are often too busy with their own sober and
+momentous calling to have time or spare thought enough to govern
+their own households.  A king may be too faithful a statesman to be
+a watchful father.  These men are not fascinated by the glitter of
+gold: the appetite for power has got hold upon them.  They are in
+love with the exercise of their faculties upon a great scale; they
+are organizing and overseeing a great part of the life of the world.
+No wonder they are captivated.  Business is more interesting that
+pleasure, as Mr.  Bagehot said, and when once the mind has caught
+its zest, there's no disengaging it.  The world has reason to be
+grateful for the fact.
+
+It was this fascination that had got hold upon the faculties of the
+man whom the world was afterward to know, not as a prince among
+merchants--for the world forgets merchant princes--but as a prince
+among benefactors; for beneficence breeds gratitude, gratitude
+admiration, admiration fame, and the world remembers its
+benefactors.  Business, and business alone, interested him, or
+seemed to him worth while.  The first time he was asked to subscribe
+money for a benevolent object he declined.  Why should he subscribe?
+What affair would be set forward, what increase of efficiency would
+the money buy, what return would it bring in? Was good money to be
+simply given away, like water poured on a barren soil, to be sucked
+up and yield nothing? It was not until men who understood
+benevolence on its sensible, systematic, practical, and really
+helpful side explained it to him as an investment that his mind took
+hold of it and turned to it for satisfaction.  He began to see that
+education was a thing of infinite usury; that money devoted to it
+would yield a singular increase to which there was no calculable
+end, an increase in perpetuity--increase of knowledge, and therefore
+of intelligence and efficiency, touching generation after generation
+with new impulses, adding to the sum total of the world's fitness
+for affairs--an invisible but intensely real spiritual usury beyond
+reckoning, because compounded in an unknown ratio from age to age.
+Henceforward beneficence was as interesting to him as business--was,
+indeed, a sort of sublimated business in which money moved new
+forces in a commerce which no man could bind or limit.
+
+He had come to himself--to the full realization of his powers, the
+true and clear perception of what it was his mind demanded for its
+satisfaction.  His faculties were consciously stretched to their
+right measure, were at last exercised at their best.  He felt the
+keen zest, not of success merely, but also of honor, and was raised
+to a sort of majesty among his fellow-men, who attended him in death
+like a dead sovereign.  He had died dwarfed had he not broken the
+bonds of mere money-getting; would never have known himself had he
+not learned how to spend it; and ambition itself could not have
+shown him a straighter road to fame.
+
+This is the positive side of a man's discovery of the way in which
+his faculties are to be made to fit into the world's affairs, and
+released for effort in a way that will bring real satisfaction.
+There is a negative side also.  Men come to themselves by
+discovering their limitations no less than by discovering their
+deeper endowments and the mastery that will make them happy.  It is
+the discovery of what they can not do, and ought not to attempt,
+that transforms reformers into statesmen; and great should be the
+joy of the world over every reformer who comes to himself.  The
+spectacle is not rare; the method is not hidden.  The practicability
+of every reform is determined absolutely and always by "the
+circumstances of the case," and only those who put themselves into
+the midst of affairs, either by action or by observation, can known
+what those circumstances are or perceive what they signify.  No
+statesman dreams of doing whatever he pleases; he knows that it does
+not follow that because a point of morals or of policy is obvious to
+him it will be obvious to the nation, or even to his own friends;
+and it is the strength of a democratic polity that there are so many
+minds to be consulted and brought to agreement, and that nothing can
+be wisely done for which the thought, and a good deal more than the
+thought, of the country, its sentiment and its purpose, have not
+been prepared.  Social reform is a matter of cooperation, and if it
+be of a novel kind, requires an infinite deal of converting to bring
+the efficient majority to believe in it and support it.  Without
+their agreement and support it is impossible.
+
+
+V
+
+It is this that the more imaginative and impatient reformers find out
+when they come to themselves, if that calming change ever comes to them.
+Oftentimes the most immediate and drastic means of bringing them to
+themselves is to elect them to legislative or executive office. That
+will reduce over-sanguine persons to their simplest terms. Not because
+they find their fellow-legislators or officials incapable of high
+purpose or indifferent to the betterment of the communities which they
+represent. Only cynics hold that to be the chief reason why we approach
+the millennium so slowly, and cynics are usually very ill-informed
+persons. Nor is it because under our modern democratic arrangements we
+so subdivide power and balance parts in government that no one man can
+tell for much or turn affairs to his will. One of the most instructive
+studies a politician could undertake would be a study of the infinite
+limitations laid upon the power of the Russian Czar, notwithstanding the
+despotic theory of the Russian constitution--limitations of social
+habit, of official prejudice, of race jealousies, of religious
+predilections, of administrative machinery even, and the inconvenience
+of being himself only one man, caught amidst a rush of duties and
+responsibilities which never halt or pause. He can do only what can be
+done with the Russian people. He cannot change them at will. He is
+himself of their own stuff, and immersed in the life which forms them,
+as it forms him. He is simply the leader of the Russians.
+
+An English or American statesman is better off.  He leads a thinking
+nation, not a race of peasants topped by a class of revolutionists
+and a caste of nobles and officials.  He can explain new things to
+men able to understand, persuade men willing and accustomed to make
+independent and intelligent choices of their own.  An English
+statesman has an even better opportunity to lead than an American
+statesman, because in England executive power and legislative
+initiative are both intrusted to the same grand committee, the
+ministry of the day.  The ministers both propose what shall be law
+and determine how it shall be enforced when enacted.  And yet
+English reformers, like American, have found office a veritable
+cold-water bath for their ardor for change.  Many a man who has made
+his place in affairs as the spokesman of those who see abuses and
+demand their reformation has passed from denunciation to calm and
+moderate advice when he got into Parliament, and has turned
+veritable conservative when made a minister of the crown.  Mr.
+Bright was a notable example.  Slow and careful men had looked upon
+him as little better than a revolutionist so long as his voice rang
+free and imperious from the platforms of public meetings.  They
+greatly feared the influence he should exercise in Parliament, and
+would have deemed the constitution itself unsafe could they have
+seen foreseen that he would some day be invited to take office and a
+hand of direction in affairs.  But it turned out that there was
+nothing to fear.  Mr. Bright lived to see almost every reform he had
+urged accepted and embodied in legislation; but he assisted at the
+process of their realization with greater and greater temperateness
+and wise deliberation as his part in affairs became more and more
+prominent and responsible, and was at the last as little like an
+agitator as any man that served the queen.
+
+It is not that such men lose courage when they find themselves
+charged with the actual direction of the affairs concerning which
+they have held and uttered such strong, unhesitating, drastic
+opinions.  They have only learned discretion.  For the first time
+they see in its entirety what it was that they were attempting.
+They are at last at close quarters with the world.  Men of every
+interest and variety crowd about them; new impressions throng them;
+in the midst of affairs the former special objects of their zeal
+fall into new environments, a better and truer perspective; seem no
+longer so susceptible to separate and radical change.  The real
+nature of the complex stuff of life they were seeking to work in is
+revealed to them--its intricate and delicate fiber, and the subtle,
+secret interrelationship of its parts--and they work circumspectly,
+lest they should mar more than they mend.  Moral enthusiasm is not,
+uninstructed and of itself, a suitable guide to practicable and
+lasting reformation; and if the reform sought be the reformation of
+others as well as of himself, the reformer should look to it that he
+knows the true relation of his will to the wills of those he would
+change and guide.  When he has discovered that relation, he has come
+to himself: has discovered his real use and planning part in the
+general world of men; has come to the full command and satisfying
+employment of his faculties.  Otherwise he is doomed to live for
+ever in a fool's paradise, and can be said to have come to himself
+only on the supposition that he is a fool.
+
+
+VI
+
+Every man--if I may adopt and paraphrase a passage from Dr. South--
+every man hath both an absolute and a relative capacity: an absolute
+in that he hath been endued with such a nature and such parts and
+faculties; and a relative in that he is part of the universal
+community of men, and so stands in such a relation to the whole.
+When we say that a man has come to himself, it is not of his
+absolute capacity that we are thinking, but of his relative.  He has
+begun to realize that he is part of a whole, and to know what part,
+suitable for what service and achievement.
+
+It was once fashionable--and that not a very long time ago--to speak of
+political society with a certain distaste, as a necessary evil, an
+irritating but inevitable restriction upon the "natural" sovereignty and
+entire self-government of the individual. That was the dream of the
+egotist. It was a theory in which men were seen to strut in the proud
+consciousness of their several and "absolute" capacities. It would be as
+instructive as it would be difficult to count the errors it has bred in
+political thinking. As a matter of fact, men have never dreamed of
+wishing to do without the "trammels" of organized society, for the very
+good reason that those trammels are in reality but no trammels at all,
+but indispensable aids and spurs to the attainment of the highest and
+most enjoyable things man is capable of. Political society, the life of
+men in states, is an abiding natural relationship. It is neither a mere
+convenience nor a mere necessity. It is not a mere voluntary
+association, not a mere corporation. It is nothing deliberate or
+artificial, devised for a special purpose. It is in real truth the
+eternal and natural expression and embodiment of a form of life higher
+than that of the individual--that common life of mutual helpfulness,
+stimulation, and contest which gives leave and opportunity to the
+individual life, makes it possible, makes it full and complete.
+
+It is in such a scene that man looks about to discover his own place and
+force. In the midst of men organized, infinitely cross-related, bound by
+ties of interest, hope, affection, subject to authorities, to opinion,
+to passion, to visions and desires which no man can reckon, he casts
+eagerly about to find where he may enter in with the rest and be a man
+among his fellows. In making his place he finds, if he seek
+intelligently and with eyes that see, more than ease of spirit and scope
+for his mind. He finds himself--as if mists had cleared away about him
+and he knew at last his neighborhood among men and tasks.
+
+What every man seeks is satisfaction.  He deceives himself so long
+as he imagines it to lie in self-indulgence, so long as he deems
+himself the center and object of effort.  His mind is spent in vain
+upon itself.  Not in action itself, not in "pleasure," shall it find
+its desires satisfied, but in consciousness of right, of powers
+greatly and nobly spent.  It comes to know itself in the motives
+which satisfy it, in the zest and power of rectitude.  Christianity
+has liberated the world, not as a system of ethics, not as a
+philosophy of altruism, but by its revelation of the power of pure
+and unselfish love.  Its vital principle is not its code, but its
+motive.  Love, clear-sighted, loyal, personal, is its breath and
+immortality.  Christ came, not to save Himself, assuredly, but to
+save the world.  His motive, His example, are every man's key to his
+own gifts and happiness.  The ethical code he taught may no doubt be
+matched, here a piece and there a piece, out of other religions,
+other teachings and philosophies.  Every thoughtful man born with a
+conscience must know a code of right and of pity to which he ought
+to conform; but without the motive of Christianity, without love, he
+may be the purest altruist and yet be as sad and as unsatisfied as
+Marcus Aurelius.
+
+Christianity gave us, in the fullness of time, the perfect image of
+right living, the secret of social and of individual well-being; for
+the two are not separable, and the man who receives and verifies
+that secret in his own living has discovered not only the best and
+only way to serve the world, but also the one happy way to satisfy
+himself.  Then, indeed, has he come to himself.  Henceforth he knows
+what his powers mean, what spiritual air they breathe, what ardors
+of service clear them of lethargy, relieve them of all sense of
+effort, put them at their best.  After this fretfulness passes away,
+experience mellows and strengthens and makes more fit, and old age
+brings, not senility, not satiety, not regret, but higher hope and
+serene maturity.
+
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's When a Man Comes to Himself, by Woodrow Wilson
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHEN A MAN COMES TO HIMSELF ***
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