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+<title>THE HISTORY OF DON QUIXOTE, By Cervantes, Vol.I., Part 4.</title>
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+<h2>THE HISTORY OF DON QUIXOTE, Vol.I., Part 4.</h2>
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of Don Quixote, Vol. I., Part 4.
+by Miguel de Cervantes
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The History of Don Quixote, Vol. I., Part 4.
+
+Author: Miguel de Cervantes
+
+Release Date: July 17, 2004 [EBook #5906]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DON QUIXOTE, PART 4 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<br>
+<hr>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+
+<center>
+<h1>DON QUIXOTE</h1>
+<br>
+<h2>by Miguel de Cervantes</h2>
+<br>
+<h3>Translated by John Ormsby</h3>
+</center>
+
+<br><br>
+
+<center><h3>
+Volume I.,&nbsp; Part 4.
+<br><br>
+Chapters 9-13
+</h3></center>
+
+<br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="bookcover.jpg (230K)" src="images/bookcover.jpg" height="842" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/bookcover.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg">
+</a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="spine.jpg (152K)" src="images/spine.jpg" height="842" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/spine.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg">
+</a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<h3>Ebook Editor's Note</h3>
+
+<blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote>
+<p>The book cover and spine above and the images which follow were not part of the original Ormsby
+translation&mdash;they are taken from the 1880 edition of J. W. Clark, illustrated by
+Gustave Dore.  Clark in his edition states that, "The English text of 'Don Quixote'
+adopted in this edition is that of Jarvis, with occasional corrections from Motteaux."
+See in the introduction below John Ormsby's critique of
+both the Jarvis and Motteaux translations.  It has been elected in the present Project Gutenberg edition
+to attach the famous engravings of Gustave Dore to the Ormsby translation instead
+of the Jarvis/Motteaux. The detail of many of the Dore engravings can be fully appreciated only
+by utilizing the "Enlarge" button to expand them to their original dimensions.  Ormsby
+in his Preface has criticized the fanciful nature  of Dore's illustrations; others feel
+these woodcuts and steel engravings well match Quixote's dreams.
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D.W.</p>
+</blockquote></blockquote></blockquote></blockquote>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center>
+<img alt="p003.jpg (307K)" src="images/p003.jpg" height="813" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/p003.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg">
+</a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><h2>CONTENTS</h2></center>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+<a href="#ch9">CHAPTER IX</a>
+IN WHICH IS CONCLUDED AND FINISHED THE TERRIFIC BATTLE
+BETWEEN THE GALLANT BISCAYAN AND THE VALIANT MANCHEGAN
+
+<a href="#ch10">CHAPTER X</a>
+OF THE PLEASANT DISCOURSE THAT PASSED BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE
+AND HIS SQUIRE SANCHO PANZA
+
+<a href="#ch11">CHAPTER XI</a>
+OF WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE WITH CERTAIN GOATHERDS
+
+<a href="#ch12">CHAPTER XII</a>
+OF WHAT A GOATHERD RELATED TO THOSE WITH DON QUIXOTE
+
+<a href="#ch13">CHAPTER XIII</a>
+IN WHICH IS ENDED THE STORY OF THE SHEPHERDESS MARCELA,
+WITH OTHER INCIDENTS
+
+</pre>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="ch9"></a>CHAPTER IX.</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>IN WHICH IS CONCLUDED AND FINISHED THE TERRIFIC BATTLE BETWEEN THE
+GALLANT BISCAYAN AND THE VALIANT MANCHEGAN
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c09a"></a><img alt="c09a.jpg (142K)" src="images/c09a.jpg" height="447" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c09a.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>In the First Part of this history we left the valiant Biscayan and
+the renowned Don Quixote with drawn swords uplifted, ready to
+deliver two such furious slashing blows that if they had fallen full
+and fair they would at least have split and cleft them asunder from
+top to toe and laid them open like a pomegranate; and at this so
+critical point the delightful history came to a stop and stood cut
+short without any intimation from the author where what was missing
+was to be found.</p>
+
+<p>This distressed me greatly, because the pleasure derived from having
+read such a small portion turned to vexation at the thought of the
+poor chance that presented itself of finding the large part that, so
+it seemed to me, was missing of such an interesting tale. It
+appeared to me to be a thing impossible and contrary to all
+precedent that so good a knight should have been without some sage
+to undertake the task of writing his marvellous achievements; a
+thing that was never wanting to any of those knights-errant who,
+they say, went after adventures; for every one of them had one or
+two sages as if made on purpose, who not only recorded their deeds but
+described their most trifling thoughts and follies, however secret
+they might be; and such a good knight could not have been so
+unfortunate as not to have what Platir and others like him had in
+abundance. And so I could not bring myself to believe that such a
+gallant tale had been left maimed and mutilated, and I laid the
+blame on Time, the devourer and destroyer of all things, that had
+either concealed or consumed it.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, it struck me that, inasmuch as among his books
+there had been found such modern ones as "The Enlightenment of
+Jealousy" and the "Nymphs and Shepherds of Henares," his story must
+likewise be modern, and that though it might not be written, it
+might exist in the memory of the people of his village and of those in
+the neighbourhood. This reflection kept me perplexed and longing to
+know really and truly the whole life and wondrous deeds of our
+famous Spaniard, Don Quixote of La Mancha, light and mirror of
+Manchegan chivalry, and the first that in our age and in these so evil
+days devoted himself to the labour and exercise of the arms of
+knight-errantry, righting wrongs, succouring widows, and protecting
+damsels of that sort that used to ride about, whip in hand, on their
+palfreys, with all their virginity about them, from mountain to
+mountain and valley to valley&mdash;for, if it were not for some ruffian,
+or boor with a hood and hatchet, or monstrous giant, that forced them,
+there were in days of yore damsels that at the end of eighty years, in
+all which time they had never slept a day under a roof, went to
+their graves as much maids as the mothers that bore them. I say, then,
+that in these and other respects our gallant Don Quixote is worthy
+of everlasting and notable praise, nor should it be withheld even from
+me for the labour and pains spent in searching for the conclusion of
+this delightful history; though I know well that if Heaven, chance and
+good fortune had not helped me, the world would have remained deprived
+of an entertainment and pleasure that for a couple of hours or so
+may well occupy him who shall read it attentively. The discovery of it
+occurred in this way.</p>
+
+<p>One day, as I was in the Alcana of Toledo, a boy came up to sell
+some pamphlets and old papers to a silk mercer, and, as I am fond of
+reading even the very scraps of paper in the streets, led by this
+natural bent of mine I took up one of the pamphlets the boy had for
+sale, and saw that it was in characters which I recognised as
+Arabic, and as I was unable to read them though I could recognise
+them, I looked about to see if there were any Spanish-speaking Morisco
+at hand to read them for me; nor was there any great difficulty in
+finding such an interpreter, for even had I sought one for an older
+and better language I should have found him. In short, chance provided
+me with one, who when I told him what I wanted and put the book into
+his hands, opened it in the middle and after reading a little in it
+began to laugh. I asked him what he was laughing at, and he replied
+that it was at something the book had written in the margin by way
+of a note. I bade him tell it to me; and he still laughing said, "In
+the margin, as I told you, this is written: 'This Dulcinea del
+Toboso so often mentioned in this history, had, they say, the best
+hand of any woman in all La Mancha for salting pigs.'"</p>
+
+<p>When I heard Dulcinea del Toboso named, I was struck with surprise
+and amazement, for it occurred to me at once that these pamphlets
+contained the history of Don Quixote. With this idea I pressed him
+to read the beginning, and doing so, turning the Arabic offhand into
+Castilian, he told me it meant, "History of Don Quixote of La
+Mancha, written by Cide Hamete Benengeli, an Arab historian." It
+required great caution to hide the joy I felt when the title of the
+book reached my ears, and snatching it from the silk mercer, I
+bought all the papers and pamphlets from the boy for half a real;
+and if he had had his wits about him and had known how eager I was for
+them, he might have safely calculated on making more than six reals by
+the bargain. I withdrew at once with the Morisco into the cloister
+of the cathedral, and begged him to turn all these pamphlets that
+related to Don Quixote into the Castilian tongue, without omitting
+or adding anything to them, offering him whatever payment he
+pleased. He was satisfied with two arrobas of raisins and two
+bushels of wheat, and promised to translate them faithfully and with
+all despatch; but to make the matter easier, and not to let such a
+precious find out of my hands, I took him to my house, where in little
+more than a month and a half he translated the whole just as it is set
+down here.</p>
+
+<p>In the first pamphlet the battle between Don Quixote and the
+Biscayan was drawn to the very life, they planted in the same attitude
+as the history describes, their swords raised, and the one protected
+by his buckler, the other by his cushion, and the Biscayan's mule so
+true to nature that it could be seen to be a hired one a bowshot
+off. The Biscayan had an inscription under his feet which said, "Don
+Sancho de Azpeitia," which no doubt must have been his name; and at
+the feet of Rocinante was another that said, "Don Quixote."
+Rocinante was marvellously portrayed, so long and thin, so lank and
+lean, with so much backbone and so far gone in consumption, that he
+showed plainly with what judgment and propriety the name of
+Rocinante had been bestowed upon him. Near him was Sancho Panza
+holding the halter of his ass, at whose feet was another label that
+said, "Sancho Zancas," and according to the picture, he must have
+had a big belly, a short body, and long shanks, for which reason, no
+doubt, the names of Panza and Zancas were given him, for by these
+two surnames the history several times calls him. Some other
+trifling particulars might be mentioned, but they are all of slight
+importance and have nothing to do with the true relation of the
+history; and no history can be bad so long as it is true.</p>
+
+<p>If against the present one any objection be raised on the score of
+its truth, it can only be that its author was an Arab, as lying is a
+very common propensity with those of that nation; though, as they
+are such enemies of ours, it is conceivable that there were
+omissions rather than additions made in the course of it. And this
+is my own opinion; for, where he could and should give freedom to
+his pen in praise of so worthy a knight, he seems to me deliberately
+to pass it over in silence; which is ill done and worse contrived, for
+it is the business and duty of historians to be exact, truthful, and
+wholly free from passion, and neither interest nor fear, hatred nor
+love, should make them swerve from the path of truth, whose mother
+is history, rival of time, storehouse of deeds, witness for the
+past, example and counsel for the present, and warning for the future.
+In this I know will be found all that can be desired in the
+pleasantest, and if it be wanting in any good quality, I maintain it
+is the fault of its hound of an author and not the fault of the
+subject. To be brief, its Second Part, according to the translation,
+began in this way:</p>
+
+<p>With trenchant swords upraised and poised on high, it seemed as
+though the two valiant and wrathful combatants stood threatening
+heaven, and earth, and hell, with such resolution and determination
+did they bear themselves. The fiery Biscayan was the first to strike a
+blow, which was delivered with such force and fury that had not the
+sword turned in its course, that single stroke would have sufficed
+to put an end to the bitter struggle and to all the adventures of
+our knight; but that good fortune which reserved him for greater
+things, turned aside the sword of his adversary, so that although it
+smote him upon the left shoulder, it did him no more harm than to
+strip all that side of its armour, carrying away a great part of his
+helmet with half of his ear, all which with fearful ruin fell to the
+ground, leaving him in a sorry plight.</p>
+
+<p>Good God! Who is there that could properly describe the rage that
+filled the heart of our Manchegan when he saw himself dealt with in
+this fashion? All that can be said is, it was such that he again
+raised himself in his stirrups, and, grasping his sword more firmly
+with both hands, he came down on the Biscayan with such fury,
+smiting him full over the cushion and over the head, that&mdash;even so
+good a shield proving useless&mdash;as if a mountain had fallen on him,
+he began to bleed from nose, mouth, and ears, reeling as if about to
+fall backwards from his mule, as no doubt he would have done had he
+not flung his arms about its neck; at the same time, however, he
+slipped his feet out of the stirrups and then unclasped his arms,
+and the mule, taking fright at the terrible blow, made off across
+the plain, and with a few plunges flung its master to the ground.
+Don Quixote stood looking on very calmly, and, when he saw him fall,
+leaped from his horse and with great briskness ran to him, and,
+presenting the point of his sword to his eyes, bade him surrender,
+or he would cut his head off. The Biscayan was so bewildered that he
+was unable to answer a word, and it would have gone hard with him,
+so blind was Don Quixote, had not the ladies in the coach, who had
+hitherto been watching the combat in great terror, hastened to where
+he stood and implored him with earnest entreaties to grant them the
+great grace and favour of sparing their squire's life; to which Don
+Quixote replied with much gravity and dignity, "In truth, fair ladies,
+I am well content to do what ye ask of me; but it must be on one
+condition and understanding, which is that this knight promise me to
+go to the village of El Toboso, and on my behalf present himself
+before the peerless lady Dulcinea, that she deal with him as shall
+be most pleasing to her."</p>
+
+<p>The terrified and disconsolate ladies, without discussing Don
+Quixote's demand or asking who Dulcinea might be, promised that
+their squire should do all that had been commanded.</p>
+
+<p>"Then, on the faith of that promise," said Don Quixote, "I shall
+do him no further harm, though he well deserves it of me."</p>
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c09e"></a><img alt="c09e.jpg (61K)" src="images/c09e.jpg" height="421" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c09e.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="ch10"></a>CHAPTER X.</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>OF THE PLEASANT DISCOURSE THAT PASSED BETWEEN DON QUIXOTE AND HIS
+SQUIRE SANCHO PANZA
+</h3></center>
+
+<br><br>
+<center><a name="c10a"></a><img alt="c10a.jpg (91K)" src="images/c10a.jpg" height="379" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c10a.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Now by this time Sancho had risen, rather the worse for the handling
+of the friars' muleteers, and stood watching the battle of his master,
+Don Quixote, and praying to God in his heart that it might be his will
+to grant him the victory, and that he might thereby win some island to
+make him governor of, as he had promised. Seeing, therefore, that
+the struggle was now over, and that his master was returning to
+mount Rocinante, he approached to hold the stirrup for him, and,
+before he could mount, he went on his knees before him, and taking his
+hand, kissed it saying, "May it please your worship, Senor Don
+Quixote, to give me the government of that island which has been won
+in this hard fight, for be it ever so big I feel myself in
+sufficient force to be able to govern it as much and as well as anyone
+in the world who has ever governed islands."</p>
+
+<p>To which Don Quixote replied, "Thou must take notice, brother
+Sancho, that this adventure and those like it are not adventures of
+islands, but of cross-roads, in which nothing is got except a broken
+head or an ear the less: have patience, for adventures will present
+themselves from which I may make you, not only a governor, but
+something more."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho gave him many thanks, and again kissing his hand and the
+skirt of his hauberk, helped him to mount Rocinante, and mounting
+his ass himself, proceeded to follow his master, who at a brisk
+pace, without taking leave, or saying anything further to the ladies
+belonging to the coach, turned into a wood that was hard by. Sancho
+followed him at his ass's best trot, but Rocinante stepped out so
+that, seeing himself left behind, he was forced to call to his
+master to wait for him. Don Quixote did so, reining in Rocinante until
+his weary squire came up, who on reaching him said, "It seems to me,
+senor, it would be prudent in us to go and take refuge in some church,
+for, seeing how mauled he with whom you fought has been left, it
+will be no wonder if they give information of the affair to the Holy
+Brotherhood and arrest us, and, faith, if they do, before we come
+out of gaol we shall have to sweat for it."</p>
+
+<p>"Peace," said Don Quixote; "where hast thou ever seen or heard
+that a knight-errant has been arraigned before a court of justice,
+however many homicides he may have committed?"</p>
+
+<p>"I know nothing about omecils," answered Sancho, "nor in my life
+have had anything to do with one; I only know that the Holy
+Brotherhood looks after those who fight in the fields, and in that
+other matter I do not meddle."</p>
+
+<p>"Then thou needst have no uneasiness, my friend," said Don
+Quixote, "for I will deliver thee out of the hands of the Chaldeans,
+much more out of those of the Brotherhood. But tell me, as thou
+livest, hast thou seen a more valiant knight than I in all the known
+world; hast thou read in history of any who has or had higher mettle
+in attack, more spirit in maintaining it, more dexterity in wounding
+or skill in overthrowing?"</p>
+
+<p>"The truth is," answered Sancho, "that I have never read any
+history, for I can neither read nor write, but what I will venture
+to bet is that a more daring master than your worship I have never
+served in all the days of my life, and God grant that this daring be
+not paid for where I have said; what I beg of your worship is to dress
+your wound, for a great deal of blood flows from that ear, and I
+have here some lint and a little white ointment in the alforjas."</p>
+
+<p>"All that might be well dispensed with," said Don Quixote, "if I had
+remembered to make a vial of the balsam of Fierabras, for time and
+medicine are saved by one single drop."</p>
+
+<p>"What vial and what balsam is that?" said Sancho Panza.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a balsam," answered Don Quixote, "the receipt of which I have
+in my memory, with which one need have no fear of death, or dread
+dying of any wound; and so when I make it and give it to thee thou
+hast nothing to do when in some battle thou seest they have cut me
+in half through the middle of the body&mdash;as is wont to happen
+frequently,&mdash;but neatly and with great nicety, ere the blood
+congeal, to place that portion of the body which shall have fallen
+to the ground upon the other half which remains in the saddle,
+taking care to fit it on evenly and exactly. Then thou shalt give me
+to drink but two drops of the balsam I have mentioned, and thou
+shalt see me become sounder than an apple."</p>
+
+<p>"If that be so," said Panza, "I renounce henceforth the government
+of the promised island, and desire nothing more in payment of my
+many and faithful services than that your worship give me the
+receipt of this supreme liquor, for I am persuaded it will be worth
+more than two reals an ounce anywhere, and I want no more to pass
+the rest of my life in ease and honour; but it remains to be told if
+it costs much to make it."</p>
+
+<p>"With less than three reals, six quarts of it may be made," said Don
+Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"Sinner that I am!" said Sancho, "then why does your worship put off
+making it and teaching it to me?"</p>
+
+<p>"Peace, friend," answered Don Quixote; "greater secrets I mean to
+teach thee and greater favours to bestow upon thee; and for the
+present let us see to the dressing, for my ear pains me more than I
+could wish."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho took out some lint and ointment from the alforjas; but when
+Don Quixote came to see his helmet shattered, he was like to lose
+his senses, and clapping his hand upon his sword and raising his
+eyes to heaven, be said, "I swear by the Creator of all things and the
+four Gospels in their fullest extent, to do as the great Marquis of
+Mantua did when he swore to avenge the death of his nephew Baldwin
+(and that was not to eat bread from a table-cloth, nor embrace his
+wife, and other points which, though I cannot now call them to mind, I
+here grant as expressed) until I take complete vengeance upon him
+who has committed such an offence against me."</p>
+
+<p>Hearing this, Sancho said to him, "Your worship should bear in mind,
+Senor Don Quixote, that if the knight has done what was commanded
+him in going to present himself before my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, he
+will have done all that he was bound to do, and does not deserve
+further punishment unless he commits some new offence."</p>
+
+<p>"Thou hast said well and hit the point," answered Don Quixote; and
+so I recall the oath in so far as relates to taking fresh vengeance on
+him, but I make and confirm it anew to lead the life I have said until
+such time as I take by force from some knight another helmet such as
+this and as good; and think not, Sancho, that I am raising smoke
+with straw in doing so, for I have one to imitate in the matter, since
+the very same thing to a hair happened in the case of Mambrino's
+helmet, which cost Sacripante so dear."</p>
+
+<p>"Senor," replied Sancho, "let your worship send all such oaths to
+the devil, for they are very pernicious to salvation and prejudicial
+to the conscience; just tell me now, if for several days to come we
+fall in with no man armed with a helmet, what are we to do? Is the
+oath to be observed in spite of all the inconvenience and discomfort
+it will be to sleep in your clothes, and not to sleep in a house,
+and a thousand other mortifications contained in the oath of that
+old fool the Marquis of Mantua, which your worship is now wanting to
+revive? Let your worship observe that there are no men in armour
+travelling on any of these roads, nothing but carriers and carters,
+who not only do not wear helmets, but perhaps never heard tell of them
+all their lives."</p>
+
+<p>"Thou art wrong there," said Don Quixote, "for we shall not have
+been above two hours among these cross-roads before we see more men in
+armour than came to Albraca to win the fair Angelica."</p>
+
+<p>"Enough," said Sancho; "so be it then, and God grant us success, and
+that the time for winning that island which is costing me so dear
+may soon come, and then let me die."</p>
+
+<p>"I have already told thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "not to give
+thyself any uneasiness on that score; for if an island should fail,
+there is the kingdom of Denmark, or of Sobradisa, which will fit
+thee as a ring fits the finger, and all the more that, being on
+terra firma, thou wilt all the better enjoy thyself. But let us
+leave that to its own time; see if thou hast anything for us to eat in
+those alforjas, because we must presently go in quest of some castle
+where we may lodge to-night and make the balsam I told thee of, for
+I swear to thee by God, this ear is giving me great pain."</p>
+
+<p>"I have here an onion and a little cheese and a few scraps of
+bread," said Sancho, "but they are not victuals fit for a valiant
+knight like your worship."</p>
+
+<p>"How little thou knowest about it," answered Don Quixote; "I would
+have thee to know, Sancho, that it is the glory of knights-errant to
+go without eating for a month, and even when they do eat, that it
+should be of what comes first to hand; and this would have been
+clear to thee hadst thou read as many histories as I have, for, though
+they are very many, among them all I have found no mention made of
+knights-errant eating, unless by accident or at some sumptuous
+banquets prepared for them, and the rest of the time they passed in
+dalliance. And though it is plain they could not do without eating and
+performing all the other natural functions, because, in fact, they
+were men like ourselves, it is plain too that, wandering as they did
+the most part of their lives through woods and wilds and without a
+cook, their most usual fare would be rustic viands such as those
+thou now offer me; so that, friend Sancho, let not that distress
+thee which pleases me, and do not seek to make a new world or
+pervert knight-errantry."</p>
+
+<p>"Pardon me, your worship," said Sancho, "for, as I cannot read or
+write, as I said just now, I neither know nor comprehend the rules
+of the profession of chivalry: henceforward I will stock the
+alforjas with every kind of dry fruit for your worship, as you are a
+knight; and for myself, as I am not one, I will furnish them with
+poultry and other things more substantial."</p>
+
+<p>"I do not say, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "that it is
+imperative on knights-errant not to eat anything else but the fruits
+thou speakest of; only that their more usual diet must be those, and
+certain herbs they found in the fields which they knew and I know
+too."</p>
+
+<p>"A good thing it is," answered Sancho, "to know those herbs, for
+to my thinking it will be needful some day to put that knowledge
+into practice."</p>
+
+<p>And here taking out what he said he had brought, the pair made their
+repast peaceably and sociably. But anxious to find quarters for the
+night, they with all despatch made an end of their poor dry fare,
+mounted at once, and made haste to reach some habitation before
+night set in; but daylight and the hope of succeeding in their
+object failed them close by the huts of some goatherds, so they
+determined to pass the night there, and it was as much to Sancho's
+discontent not to have reached a house, as it was to his master's
+satisfaction to sleep under the open heaven, for he fancied that
+each time this happened to him he performed an act of ownership that
+helped to prove his chivalry.</p>
+
+
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c10e"></a><img alt="c10e.jpg (57K)" src="images/c10e.jpg" height="462" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="ch11"></a>CHAPTER XI.</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>WHAT BEFELL DON QUIXOTE WITH CERTAIN GOATHERDS
+</h3></center>
+
+<br><br>
+<center><a name="c11a"></a><img alt="c11a.jpg (173K)" src="images/c11a.jpg" height="460" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c11a.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<p>He was cordially welcomed by the goatherds, and Sancho, having as
+best he could put up Rocinante and the ass, drew towards the fragrance
+that came from some pieces of salted goat simmering in a pot on the
+fire; and though he would have liked at once to try if they were ready
+to be transferred from the pot to the stomach, he refrained from doing
+so as the goatherds removed them from the fire, and laying
+sheepskins on the ground, quickly spread their rude table, and with
+signs of hearty good-will invited them both to share what they had.
+Round the skins six of the men belonging to the fold seated
+themselves, having first with rough politeness pressed Don Quixote
+to take a seat upon a trough which they placed for him upside down.
+Don Quixote seated himself, and Sancho remained standing to serve
+the cup, which was made of horn. Seeing him standing, his master
+said to him:</p>
+
+<p>"That thou mayest see, Sancho, the good that knight-errantry
+contains in itself, and how those who fill any office in it are on the
+high road to be speedily honoured and esteemed by the world, I
+desire that thou seat thyself here at my side and in the company of
+these worthy people, and that thou be one with me who am thy master
+and natural lord, and that thou eat from my plate and drink from
+whatever I drink from; for the same may be said of knight-errantry
+as of love, that it levels all."</p>
+
+<p>"Great thanks," said Sancho, "but I may tell your worship that
+provided I have enough to eat, I can eat it as well, or better,
+standing, and by myself, than seated alongside of an emperor. And
+indeed, if the truth is to be told, what I eat in my corner without
+form or fuss has much more relish for me, even though it be bread
+and onions, than the turkeys of those other tables where I am forced
+to chew slowly, drink little, wipe my mouth every minute, and cannot
+sneeze or cough if I want or do other things that are the privileges
+of liberty and solitude. So, senor, as for these honours which your
+worship would put upon me as a servant and follower of
+knight-errantry, exchange them for other things which may be of more
+use and advantage to me; for these, though I fully acknowledge them as
+received, I renounce from this moment to the end of the world."</p>
+
+<p>"For all that," said Don Quixote, "thou must seat thyself, because
+him who humbleth himself God exalteth;" and seizing him by the arm
+he forced him to sit down beside himself.</p>
+
+<p>The goatherds did not understand this jargon about squires and
+knights-errant, and all they did was to eat in silence and stare at
+their guests, who with great elegance and appetite were stowing away
+pieces as big as one's fist. The course of meat finished, they
+spread upon the sheepskins a great heap of parched acorns, and with
+them they put down a half cheese harder than if it had been made of
+mortar. All this while the horn was not idle, for it went round so
+constantly, now full, now empty, like the bucket of a water-wheel,
+that it soon drained one of the two wine-skins that were in sight.
+When Don Quixote had quite appeased his appetite he took up a
+handful of the acorns, and contemplating them attentively delivered
+himself somewhat in this fashion:</p>
+
+<p>"Happy the age, happy the time, to which the ancients gave the
+name of golden, not because in that fortunate age the gold so
+coveted in this our iron one was gained without toil, but because they
+that lived in it knew not the two words "mine" and "thine"! In that
+blessed age all things were in common; to win the daily food no labour
+was required of any save to stretch forth his hand and gather it
+from the sturdy oaks that stood generously inviting him with their
+sweet ripe fruit. The clear streams and running brooks yielded their
+savoury limpid waters in noble abundance. The busy and sagacious
+bees fixed their republic in the clefts of the rocks and hollows of
+the trees, offering without usance the plenteous produce of their
+fragrant toil to every hand. The mighty cork trees, unenforced save of
+their own courtesy, shed the broad light bark that served at first
+to roof the houses supported by rude stakes, a protection against
+the inclemency of heaven alone. Then all was peace, all friendship,
+all concord; as yet the dull share of the crooked plough had not dared
+to rend and pierce the tender bowels of our first mother that
+without compulsion yielded from every portion of her broad fertile
+bosom all that could satisfy, sustain, and delight the children that
+then possessed her. Then was it that the innocent and fair young
+shepherdess roamed from vale to vale and hill to hill, with flowing
+locks, and no more garments than were needful modestly to cover what
+modesty seeks and ever sought to hide. Nor were their ornaments like
+those in use to-day, set off by Tyrian purple, and silk tortured in
+endless fashions, but the wreathed leaves of the green dock and ivy,
+wherewith they went as bravely and becomingly decked as our Court
+dames with all the rare and far-fetched artifices that idle
+curiosity has taught them. Then the love-thoughts of the heart clothed
+themselves simply and naturally as the heart conceived them, nor
+sought to commend themselves by forced and rambling verbiage. Fraud,
+deceit, or malice had then not yet mingled with truth and sincerity.
+Justice held her ground, undisturbed and unassailed by the efforts
+of favour and of interest, that now so much impair, pervert, and beset
+her. Arbitrary law had not yet established itself in the mind of the
+judge, for then there was no cause to judge and no one to be judged.
+Maidens and modesty, as I have said, wandered at will alone and
+unattended, without fear of insult from lawlessness or libertine
+assault, and if they were undone it was of their own will and
+pleasure. But now in this hateful age of ours not one is safe, not
+though some new labyrinth like that of Crete conceal and surround her;
+even there the pestilence of gallantry will make its way to them
+through chinks or on the air by the zeal of its accursed
+importunity, and, despite of all seclusion, lead them to ruin. In
+defence of these, as time advanced and wickedness increased, the order
+of knights-errant was instituted, to defend maidens, to protect widows
+and to succour the orphans and the needy. To this order I belong,
+brother goatherds, to whom I return thanks for the hospitality and
+kindly welcome ye offer me and my squire; for though by natural law
+all living are bound to show favour to knights-errant, yet, seeing
+that without knowing this obligation ye have welcomed and feasted
+me, it is right that with all the good-will in my power I should thank
+you for yours."</p>
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c11b"></a><img alt="c11b.jpg (349K)" src="images/c11b.jpg" height="831" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c11b.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<p>All this long harangue (which might very well have been spared)
+our knight delivered because the acorns they gave him reminded him
+of the golden age; and the whim seized him to address all this
+unnecessary argument to the goatherds, who listened to him gaping in
+amazement without saying a word in reply. Sancho likewise held his
+peace and ate acorns, and paid repeated visits to the second
+wine-skin, which they had hung up on a cork tree to keep the wine
+cool.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote was longer in talking than the supper in finishing, at
+the end of which one of the goatherds said, "That your worship,
+senor knight-errant, may say with more truth that we show you
+hospitality with ready good-will, we will give you amusement and
+pleasure by making one of our comrades sing: he will be here before
+long, and he is a very intelligent youth and deep in love, and what is
+more he can read and write and play on the rebeck to perfection."</p>
+
+<p>The goatherd had hardly done speaking, when the notes of the
+rebeck reached their ears; and shortly after, the player came up, a
+very good-looking young man of about two-and-twenty. His comrades
+asked him if he had supped, and on his replying that he had, he who
+had already made the offer said to him:</p>
+
+<p>"In that case, Antonio, thou mayest as well do us the pleasure of
+singing a little, that the gentleman, our guest, may see that even
+in the mountains and woods there are musicians: we have told him of
+thy accomplishments, and we want thee to show them and prove that we
+say true; so, as thou livest, pray sit down and sing that ballad about
+thy love that thy uncle the prebendary made thee, and that was so much
+liked in the town."</p>
+
+<p>"With all my heart," said the young man, and without waiting for
+more pressing he seated himself on the trunk of a felled oak, and
+tuning his rebeck, presently began to sing to these words.</p>
+
+<pre>
+       ANTONIO'S BALLAD
+
+Thou dost love me well, Olalla;
+  Well I know it, even though
+Love's mute tongues, thine eyes, have never
+  By their glances told me so.
+
+For I know my love thou knowest,
+  Therefore thine to claim I dare:
+Once it ceases to be secret,
+  Love need never feel despair.
+
+True it is, Olalla, sometimes
+  Thou hast all too plainly shown
+That thy heart is brass in hardness,
+  And thy snowy bosom stone.
+
+Yet for all that, in thy coyness,
+  And thy fickle fits between,
+Hope is there&mdash;at least the border
+  Of her garment may be seen.
+
+Lures to faith are they, those glimpses,
+  And to faith in thee I hold;
+Kindness cannot make it stronger,
+  Coldness cannot make it cold.
+
+If it be that love is gentle,
+  In thy gentleness I see
+Something holding out assurance
+  To the hope of winning thee.
+
+If it be that in devotion
+  Lies a power hearts to move,
+That which every day I show thee,
+  Helpful to my suit should prove.
+
+Many a time thou must have noticed&mdash;
+  If to notice thou dost care&mdash;
+How I go about on Monday
+  Dressed in all my Sunday wear.
+
+Love's eyes love to look on brightness;
+  Love loves what is gaily drest;
+Sunday, Monday, all I care is
+  Thou shouldst see me in my best.
+
+No account I make of dances,
+  Or of strains that pleased thee so,
+Keeping thee awake from midnight
+  Till the cocks began to crow;
+
+Or of how I roundly swore it
+  That there's none so fair as thou;
+True it is, but as I said it,
+  By the girls I'm hated now.
+
+For Teresa of the hillside
+  At my praise of thee was sore;
+Said, "You think you love an angel;
+  It's a monkey you adore;
+
+"Caught by all her glittering trinkets,
+  And her borrowed braids of hair,
+And a host of made-up beauties
+  That would Love himself ensnare."
+
+'T was a lie, and so I told her,
+  And her cousin at the word
+Gave me his defiance for it;
+  And what followed thou hast heard.
+
+Mine is no high-flown affection,
+  Mine no passion par amours&mdash;
+As they call it&mdash;what I offer
+  Is an honest love, and pure.
+
+Cunning cords the holy Church has,
+  Cords of softest silk they be;
+Put thy neck beneath the yoke, dear;
+  Mine will follow, thou wilt see.
+
+Else&mdash;and once for all I swear it
+  By the saint of most renown&mdash;
+If I ever quit the mountains,
+  'T will be in a friar's gown.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Here the goatherd brought his song to an end, and though Don Quixote
+entreated him to sing more, Sancho had no mind that way, being more
+inclined for sleep than for listening to songs; so said he to his
+master, "Your worship will do well to settle at once where you mean to
+pass the night, for the labour these good men are at all day does
+not allow them to spend the night in singing."</p>
+
+<p>"I understand thee, Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "I perceive
+clearly that those visits to the wine-skin demand compensation in
+sleep rather than in music."</p>
+
+<p>"It's sweet to us all, blessed be God," said Sancho.</p>
+
+<p>"I do not deny it," replied Don Quixote; "but settle thyself where
+thou wilt; those of my calling are more becomingly employed in
+watching than in sleeping; still it would be as well if thou wert to
+dress this ear for me again, for it is giving me more pain than it
+need."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho did as he bade him, but one of the goatherds, seeing the
+wound, told him not to be uneasy, as he would apply a remedy with
+which it would be soon healed; and gathering some leaves of
+rosemary, of which there was a great quantity there, he chewed them
+and mixed them with a little salt, and applying them to the ear he
+secured them firmly with a bandage, assuring him that no other
+treatment would be required, and so it proved.</p>
+
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c11e"></a><img alt="c11e.jpg (37K)" src="images/c11e.jpg" height="619" width="451">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="ch12"></a>CHAPTER XII.</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>OF WHAT A GOATHERD RELATED TO THOSE WITH DON QUIXOTE
+</h3></center>
+
+<br><br>
+<center><a name="c12a"></a><img alt="c12a.jpg (143K)" src="images/c12a.jpg" height="441" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c12a.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Just then another young man, one of those who fetched their
+provisions from the village, came up and said, "Do you know what is
+going on in the village, comrades?"</p>
+
+<p>"How could we know it?" replied one of them.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, then, you must know," continued the young man, "this
+morning that famous student-shepherd called Chrysostom died, and it is
+rumoured that he died of love for that devil of a village girl the
+daughter of Guillermo the Rich, she that wanders about the wolds
+here in the dress of a shepherdess."</p>
+
+<p>"You mean Marcela?" said one.</p>
+
+<p>"Her I mean," answered the goatherd; "and the best of it is, he
+has directed in his will that he is to be buried in the fields like
+a Moor, and at the foot of the rock where the Cork-tree spring is,
+because, as the story goes (and they say he himself said so), that was
+the place where he first saw her. And he has also left other
+directions which the clergy of the village say should not and must not
+be obeyed because they savour of paganism. To all which his great
+friend Ambrosio the student, he who, like him, also went dressed as
+a shepherd, replies that everything must be done without any
+omission according to the directions left by Chrysostom, and about
+this the village is all in commotion; however, report says that, after
+all, what Ambrosio and all the shepherds his friends desire will be
+done, and to-morrow they are coming to bury him with great ceremony
+where I said. I am sure it will be something worth seeing; at least
+I will not fail to go and see it even if I knew I should not return to
+the village tomorrow."</p>
+
+<p>"We will do the same," answered the goatherds, "and cast lots to see
+who must stay to mind the goats of all."</p>
+
+<p>"Thou sayest well, Pedro," said one, "though there will be no need
+of taking that trouble, for I will stay behind for all; and don't
+suppose it is virtue or want of curiosity in me; it is that the
+splinter that ran into my foot the other day will not let me walk."</p>
+
+<p>"For all that, we thank thee," answered Pedro.</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote asked Pedro to tell him who the dead man was and who the
+shepherdess, to which Pedro replied that all he knew was that the dead
+man was a wealthy gentleman belonging to a village in those mountains,
+who had been a student at Salamanca for many years, at the end of
+which he returned to his village with the reputation of being very
+learned and deeply read. "Above all, they said, he was learned in
+the science of the stars and of what went on yonder in the heavens and
+the sun and the moon, for he told us of the cris of the sun and moon
+to exact time."</p>
+
+<p>"Eclipse it is called, friend, not cris, the darkening of those
+two luminaries," said Don Quixote; but Pedro, not troubling himself
+with trifles, went on with his story, saying, "Also he foretold when
+the year was going to be one of abundance or estility."</p>
+
+<p>"Sterility, you mean," said Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"Sterility or estility," answered Pedro, "it is all the same in
+the end. And I can tell you that by this his father and friends who
+believed him grew very rich because they did as he advised them,
+bidding them 'sow barley this year, not wheat; this year you may sow
+pulse and not barley; the next there will be a full oil crop, and
+the three following not a drop will be got.'"</p>
+
+<p>"That science is called astrology," said Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>"I do not know what it is called," replied Pedro, "but I know that
+he knew all this and more besides. But, to make an end, not many
+months had passed after he returned from Salamanca, when one day he
+appeared dressed as a shepherd with his crook and sheepskin, having
+put off the long gown he wore as a scholar; and at the same time his
+great friend, Ambrosio by name, who had been his companion in his
+studies, took to the shepherd's dress with him. I forgot to say that
+Chrysostom, who is dead, was a great man for writing verses, so much
+so that he made carols for Christmas Eve, and plays for Corpus
+Christi, which the young men of our village acted, and all said they
+were excellent. When the villagers saw the two scholars so
+unexpectedly appearing in shepherd's dress, they were lost in
+wonder, and could not guess what had led them to make so extraordinary
+a change. About this time the father of our Chrysostom died, and he
+was left heir to a large amount of property in chattels as well as
+in land, no small number of cattle and sheep, and a large sum of
+money, of all of which the young man was left dissolute owner, and
+indeed he was deserving of it all, for he was a very good comrade, and
+kind-hearted, and a friend of worthy folk, and had a countenance
+like a benediction. Presently it came to be known that he had
+changed his dress with no other object than to wander about these
+wastes after that shepherdess Marcela our lad mentioned a while ago,
+with whom the deceased Chrysostom had fallen in love. And I must
+tell you now, for it is well you should know it, who this girl is;
+perhaps, and even without any perhaps, you will not have heard
+anything like it all the days of your life, though you should live
+more years than sarna."</p>
+
+<p>"Say Sarra," said Don Quixote, unable to endure the goatherd's
+confusion of words.</p>
+
+<p>"The sarna lives long enough," answered Pedro; "and if, senor, you
+must go finding fault with words at every step, we shall not make an
+end of it this twelvemonth."</p>
+
+<p>"Pardon me, friend," said Don Quixote; "but, as there is such a
+difference between sarna and Sarra, I told you of it; however, you
+have answered very rightly, for sarna lives longer than Sarra: so
+continue your story, and I will not object any more to anything."</p>
+
+<p>"I say then, my dear sir," said the goatherd, "that in our village
+there was a farmer even richer than the father of Chrysostom, who
+was named Guillermo, and upon whom God bestowed, over and above
+great wealth, a daughter at whose birth her mother died, the most
+respected woman there was in this neighbourhood; I fancy I can see her
+now with that countenance which had the sun on one side and the moon
+on the other; and moreover active, and kind to the poor, for which I
+trust that at the present moment her soul is in bliss with God in
+the other world. Her husband Guillermo died of grief at the death of
+so good a wife, leaving his daughter Marcela, a child and rich, to the
+care of an uncle of hers, a priest and prebendary in our village.
+The girl grew up with such beauty that it reminded us of her mother's,
+which was very great, and yet it was thought that the daughter's would
+exceed it; and so when she reached the age of fourteen to fifteen
+years nobody beheld her but blessed God that had made her so
+beautiful, and the greater number were in love with her past
+redemption. Her uncle kept her in great seclusion and retirement,
+but for all that the fame of her great beauty spread so that, as
+well for it as for her great wealth, her uncle was asked, solicited,
+and importuned, to give her in marriage not only by those of our
+town but of those many leagues round, and by the persons of highest
+quality in them. But he, being a good Christian man, though he desired
+to give her in marriage at once, seeing her to be old enough, was
+unwilling to do so without her consent, not that he had any eye to the
+gain and profit which the custody of the girl's property brought him
+while he put off her marriage; and, faith, this was said in praise
+of the good priest in more than one set in the town. For I would
+have you know, Sir Errant, that in these little villages everything is
+talked about and everything is carped at, and rest assured, as I am,
+that the priest must be over and above good who forces his
+parishioners to speak well of him, especially in villages."</p>
+
+<p>"That is the truth," said Don Quixote; "but go on, for the story
+is very good, and you, good Pedro, tell it with very good grace."</p>
+
+<p>"May that of the Lord not be wanting to me," said Pedro; "that is
+the one to have. To proceed; you must know that though the uncle put
+before his niece and described to her the qualities of each one in
+particular of the many who had asked her in marriage, begging her to
+marry and make a choice according to her own taste, she never gave any
+other answer than that she had no desire to marry just yet, and that
+being so young she did not think herself fit to bear the burden of
+matrimony. At these, to all appearance, reasonable excuses that she
+made, her uncle ceased to urge her, and waited till she was somewhat
+more advanced in age and could mate herself to her own liking. For,
+said he&mdash;and he said quite right&mdash;parents are not to settle children
+in life against their will. But when one least looked for it, lo and
+behold! one day the demure Marcela makes her appearance turned
+shepherdess; and, in spite of her uncle and all those of the town that
+strove to dissuade her, took to going a-field with the other
+shepherd-lasses of the village, and tending her own flock. And so,
+since she appeared in public, and her beauty came to be seen openly, I
+could not well tell you how many rich youths, gentlemen and
+peasants, have adopted the costume of Chrysostom, and go about these
+fields making love to her. One of these, as has been already said, was
+our deceased friend, of whom they say that he did not love but adore
+her. But you must not suppose, because Marcela chose a life of such
+liberty and independence, and of so little or rather no retirement,
+that she has given any occasion, or even the semblance of one, for
+disparagement of her purity and modesty; on the contrary, such and
+so great is the vigilance with which she watches over her honour, that
+of all those that court and woo her not one has boasted, or can with
+truth boast, that she has given him any hope however small of
+obtaining his desire. For although she does not avoid or shun the
+society and conversation of the shepherds, and treats them courteously
+and kindly, should any one of them come to declare his intention to
+her, though it be one as proper and holy as that of matrimony, she
+flings him from her like a catapult. And with this kind of disposition
+she does more harm in this country than if the plague had got into it,
+for her affability and her beauty draw on the hearts of those that
+associate with her to love her and to court her, but her scorn and her
+frankness bring them to the brink of despair; and so they know not
+what to say save to proclaim her aloud cruel and hard-hearted, and
+other names of the same sort which well describe the nature of her
+character; and if you should remain here any time, senor, you would
+hear these hills and valleys resounding with the laments of the
+rejected ones who pursue her. Not far from this there is a spot
+where there are a couple of dozen of tall beeches, and there is not
+one of them but has carved and written on its smooth bark the name
+of Marcela, and above some a crown carved on the same tree as though
+her lover would say more plainly that Marcela wore and deserved that
+of all human beauty. Here one shepherd is sighing, there another is
+lamenting; there love songs are heard, here despairing elegies. One
+will pass all the hours of the night seated at the foot of some oak or
+rock, and there, without having closed his weeping eyes, the sun finds
+him in the morning bemused and bereft of sense; and another without
+relief or respite to his sighs, stretched on the burning sand in the
+full heat of the sultry summer noontide, makes his appeal to the
+compassionate heavens, and over one and the other, over these and all,
+the beautiful Marcela triumphs free and careless. And all of us that
+know her are waiting to see what her pride will come to, and who is to
+be the happy man that will succeed in taming a nature so formidable
+and gaining possession of a beauty so supreme. All that I have told
+you being such well-established truth, I am persuaded that what they
+say of the cause of Chrysostom's death, as our lad told us, is the
+same. And so I advise you, senor, fail not to be present to-morrow
+at his burial, which will be well worth seeing, for Chrysostom had
+many friends, and it is not half a league from this place to where
+he directed he should be buried."</p>
+
+<p>"I will make a point of it," said Don Quixote, "and I thank you
+for the pleasure you have given me by relating so interesting a tale."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh," said the goatherd, "I do not know even the half of what has
+happened to the lovers of Marcela, but perhaps to-morrow we may fall
+in with some shepherd on the road who can tell us; and now it will
+be well for you to go and sleep under cover, for the night air may
+hurt your wound, though with the remedy I have applied to you there is
+no fear of an untoward result."</p>
+
+<p>Sancho Panza, who was wishing the goatherd's loquacity at the devil,
+on his part begged his master to go into Pedro's hut to sleep. He
+did so, and passed all the rest of the night in thinking of his lady
+Dulcinea, in imitation of the lovers of Marcela. Sancho Panza settled
+himself between Rocinante and his ass, and slept, not like a lover
+who had been discarded, but like a man who had been soundly kicked.</p>
+
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c12e"></a><img alt="c12e.jpg (42K)" src="images/c12e.jpg" height="425" width="615">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="ch13"></a>CHAPTER XIII.</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>IN WHICH IS ENDED THE STORY OF THE SHEPHERDESS MARCELA, WITH OTHER
+INCIDENTS
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c13a"></a><img alt="c13a.jpg (181K)" src="images/c13a.jpg" height="434" width="650">
+</center>
+<a href="images/c13a.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="Full Size" src="images/enlarge.jpg"></a>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Bit hardly had day begun to show itself through the balconies of the
+east, when five of the six goatherds came to rouse Don Quixote and
+tell him that if he was still of a mind to go and see the famous
+burial of Chrysostom they would bear him company. Don Quixote, who
+desired nothing better, rose and ordered Sancho to saddle and pannel
+at once, which he did with all despatch, and with the same they all
+set out forthwith. They had not gone a quarter of a league when at the
+meeting of two paths they saw coming towards them some six shepherds
+dressed in black sheepskins and with their heads crowned with garlands
+of cypress and bitter oleander. Each of them carried a stout holly
+staff in his hand, and along with them there came two men of quality
+on horseback in handsome travelling dress, with three servants on foot
+accompanying them. Courteous salutations were exchanged on meeting,
+and inquiring one of the other which way each party was going, they
+learned that all were bound for the scene of the burial, so they
+went on all together.</p>
+
+<p>One of those on horseback addressing his companion said to him,
+"It seems to me, Senor Vivaldo, that we may reckon as well spent the
+delay we shall incur in seeing this remarkable funeral, for remarkable
+it cannot but be judging by the strange things these shepherds have
+told us, of both the dead shepherd and homicide shepherdess."</p>
+
+<p>"So I think too," replied Vivaldo, "and I would delay not to say a
+day, but four, for the sake of seeing it."</p>
+
+<p>Don Quixote asked them what it was they had heard of Marcela and
+Chrysostom. The traveller answered that the same morning they had
+met these shepherds, and seeing them dressed in this mournful
+fashion they had asked them the reason of their appearing in such a
+guise; which one of them gave, describing the strange behaviour and
+beauty of a shepherdess called Marcela, and the loves of many who
+courted her, together with the death of that Chrysostom to whose
+burial they were going. In short, he repeated all that Pedro had
+related to Don Quixote.</p>
+
+<p>This conversation dropped, and another was commenced by him who
+was called Vivaldo asking Don Quixote what was the reason that led him
+to go armed in that fashion in a country so peaceful. To which Don
+Quixote replied, "The pursuit of my calling does not allow or permit
+me to go in any other fashion; easy life, enjoyment, and repose were
+invented for soft courtiers, but toil, unrest, and arms were
+invented and made for those alone whom the world calls knights-errant,
+of whom I, though unworthy, am the least of all."</p>
+
+<p>The instant they heard this all set him down as mad, and the
+better to settle the point and discover what kind of madness his
+was, Vivaldo proceeded to ask him what knights-errant meant.</p>
+
+<p>"Have not your worships," replied Don Quixote, "read the annals
+and histories of England, in which are recorded the famous deeds of
+King Arthur, whom we in our popular Castilian invariably call King
+Artus, with regard to whom it is an ancient tradition, and commonly
+received all over that kingdom of Great Britain, that this king did
+not die, but was changed by magic art into a raven, and that in
+process of time he is to return to reign and recover his kingdom and
+sceptre; for which reason it cannot be proved that from that time to
+this any Englishman ever killed a raven? Well, then, in the time of
+this good king that famous order of chivalry of the Knights of the
+Round Table was instituted, and the amour of Don Lancelot of the
+Lake with the Queen Guinevere occurred, precisely as is there related,
+the go-between and confidante therein being the highly honourable dame
+Quintanona, whence came that ballad so well known and widely spread in
+our Spain&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<pre>
+O never surely was there knight
+  So served by hand of dame,
+As served was he Sir Lancelot hight
+  When he from Britain came--
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>with all the sweet and delectable course of his achievements in love
+and war. Handed down from that time, then, this order of chivalry went
+on extending and spreading itself over many and various parts of the
+world; and in it, famous and renowned for their deeds, were the mighty
+Amadis of Gaul with all his sons and descendants to the fifth
+generation, and the valiant Felixmarte of Hircania, and the never
+sufficiently praised Tirante el Blanco, and in our own days almost
+we have seen and heard and talked with the invincible knight Don
+Belianis of Greece. This, then, sirs, is to be a knight-errant, and
+what I have spoken of is the order of his chivalry, of which, as I
+have already said, I, though a sinner, have made profession, and
+what the aforesaid knights professed that same do I profess, and so
+I go through these solitudes and wilds seeking adventures, resolved in
+soul to oppose my arm and person to the most perilous that fortune may
+offer me in aid of the weak and needy."</p>
+
+<p>By these words of his the travellers were able to satisfy themselves
+of Don Quixote's being out of his senses and of the form of madness
+that overmastered him, at which they felt the same astonishment that
+all felt on first becoming acquainted with it; and Vivaldo, who was
+a person of great shrewdness and of a lively temperament, in order
+to beguile the short journey which they said was required to reach the
+mountain, the scene of the burial, sought to give him an opportunity
+of going on with his absurdities. So he said to him, "It seems to
+me, Senor Knight-errant, that your worship has made choice of one of
+the most austere professions in the world, and I imagine even that
+of the Carthusian monks is not so austere."</p>
+
+<p>"As austere it may perhaps be," replied our Don Quixote, "but so
+necessary for the world I am very much inclined to doubt. For, if
+the truth is to be told, the soldier who executes what his captain
+orders does no less than the captain himself who gives the order. My
+meaning, is, that churchmen in peace and quiet pray to Heaven for
+the welfare of the world, but we soldiers and knights carry into
+effect what they pray for, defending it with the might of our arms and
+the edge of our swords, not under shelter but in the open air, a
+target for the intolerable rays of the sun in summer and the
+piercing frosts of winter. Thus are we God's ministers on earth and
+the arms by which his justice is done therein. And as the business
+of war and all that relates and belongs to it cannot be conducted
+without exceeding great sweat, toil, and exertion, it follows that
+those who make it their profession have undoubtedly more labour than
+those who in tranquil peace and quiet are engaged in praying to God to
+help the weak. I do not mean to say, nor does it enter into my
+thoughts, that the knight-errant's calling is as good as that of the
+monk in his cell; I would merely infer from what I endure myself
+that it is beyond a doubt a more laborious and a more belaboured
+one, a hungrier and thirstier, a wretcheder, raggeder, and lousier;
+for there is no reason to doubt that the knights-errant of yore
+endured much hardship in the course of their lives. And if some of
+them by the might of their arms did rise to be emperors, in faith it
+cost them dear in the matter of blood and sweat; and if those who
+attained to that rank had not had magicians and sages to help them
+they would have been completely baulked in their ambition and
+disappointed in their hopes."</p>
+
+<p>"That is my own opinion," replied the traveller; "but one thing
+among many others seems to me very wrong in knights-errant, and that
+is that when they find themselves about to engage in some mighty and
+perilous adventure in which there is manifest danger of losing their
+lives, they never at the moment of engaging in it think of
+commending themselves to God, as is the duty of every good Christian
+in like peril; instead of which they commend themselves to their
+ladies with as much devotion as if these were their gods, a thing
+which seems to me to savour somewhat of heathenism."</p>
+
+<p>"Sir," answered Don Quixote, "that cannot be on any account omitted,
+and the knight-errant would be disgraced who acted otherwise: for it
+is usual and customary in knight-errantry that the knight-errant,
+who on engaging in any great feat of arms has his lady before him,
+should turn his eyes towards her softly and lovingly, as though with
+them entreating her to favour and protect him in the hazardous venture
+he is about to undertake, and even though no one hear him, he is bound
+to say certain words between his teeth, commending himself to her with
+all his heart, and of this we have innumerable instances in the
+histories. Nor is it to be supposed from this that they are to omit
+commending themselves to God, for there will be time and opportunity
+for doing so while they are engaged in their task."</p>
+
+<p>"For all that," answered the traveller, "I feel some doubt still,
+because often I have read how words will arise between two
+knights-errant, and from one thing to another it comes about that
+their anger kindles and they wheel their horses round and take a
+good stretch of field, and then without any more ado at the top of
+their speed they come to the charge, and in mid-career they are wont
+to commend themselves to their ladies; and what commonly comes of
+the encounter is that one falls over the haunches of his horse pierced
+through and through by his antagonist's lance, and as for the other,
+it is only by holding on to the mane of his horse that he can help
+falling to the ground; but I know not how the dead man had time to
+commend himself to God in the course of such rapid work as this; it
+would have been better if those words which he spent in commending
+himself to his lady in the midst of his career had been devoted to his
+duty and obligation as a Christian. Moreover, it is my belief that all
+knights-errant have not ladies to commend themselves to, for they
+are not all in love."</p>
+
+<p>"That is impossible," said Don Quixote: "I say it is impossible that
+there could be a knight-errant without a lady, because to such it is
+as natural and proper to be in love as to the heavens to have stars:
+most certainly no history has been seen in which there is to be
+found a knight-errant without an amour, and for the simple reason that
+without one he would be held no legitimate knight but a bastard, and
+one who had gained entrance into the stronghold of the said
+knighthood, not by the door, but over the wall like a thief and a
+robber."</p>
+
+<p>"Nevertheless," said the traveller, "if I remember rightly, I
+think I have read that Don Galaor, the brother of the valiant Amadis
+of Gaul, never had any special lady to whom he might commend
+himself, and yet he was not the less esteemed, and was a very stout
+and famous knight."</p>
+
+<p>To which our Don Quixote made answer, "Sir, one solitary swallow
+does not make summer; moreover, I know that knight was in secret
+very deeply in love; besides which, that way of falling in love with
+all that took his fancy was a natural propensity which he could not
+control. But, in short, it is very manifest that he had one alone whom
+he made mistress of his will, to whom he commended himself very
+frequently and very secretly, for he prided himself on being a
+reticent knight."</p>
+
+<p>"Then if it be essential that every knight-errant should be in
+love," said the traveller, "it may be fairly supposed that your
+worship is so, as you are of the order; and if you do not pride
+yourself on being as reticent as Don Galaor, I entreat you as
+earnestly as I can, in the name of all this company and in my own,
+to inform us of the name, country, rank, and beauty of your lady,
+for she will esteem herself fortunate if all the world knows that
+she is loved and served by such a knight as your worship seems to be."</p>
+
+<p>At this Don Quixote heaved a deep sigh and said, "I cannot say
+positively whether my sweet enemy is pleased or not that the world
+should know I serve her; I can only say in answer to what has been
+so courteously asked of me, that her name is Dulcinea, her country
+El Toboso, a village of La Mancha, her rank must be at least that of a
+princess, since she is my queen and lady, and her beauty superhuman,
+since all the impossible and fanciful attributes of beauty which the
+poets apply to their ladies are verified in her; for her hairs are
+gold, her forehead Elysian fields, her eyebrows rainbows, her eyes
+suns, her cheeks roses, her lips coral, her teeth pearls, her neck
+alabaster, her bosom marble, her hands ivory, her fairness snow, and
+what modesty conceals from sight such, I think and imagine, as
+rational reflection can only extol, not compare."</p>
+
+<p>"We should like to know her lineage, race, and ancestry," said
+Vivaldo.</p>
+
+<p>To which Don Quixote replied, "She is not of the ancient Roman
+Curtii, Caii, or Scipios, nor of the modern Colonnas or Orsini, nor of
+the Moncadas or Requesenes of Catalonia, nor yet of the Rebellas or
+Villanovas of Valencia; Palafoxes, Nuzas, Rocabertis, Corellas, Lunas,
+Alagones, Urreas, Foces, or Gurreas of Aragon; Cerdas, Manriques,
+Mendozas, or Guzmans of Castile; Alencastros, Pallas, or Meneses of
+Portugal; but she is of those of El Toboso of La Mancha, a lineage
+that though modern, may furnish a source of gentle blood for the
+most illustrious families of the ages that are to come, and this let
+none dispute with me save on the condition that Zerbino placed at
+the foot of the trophy of Orlando's arms, saying,</p>
+
+<p>'These let none move
+  Who dareth not his might with Roland prove.'"</p>
+
+<p>
+"Although mine is of the Cachopins of Laredo," said the traveller,
+"I will not venture to compare it with that of El Toboso of La Mancha,
+though, to tell the truth, no such surname has until now ever
+reached my ears."</p>
+
+<p>"What!" said Don Quixote, "has that never reached them?"</p>
+
+<p>The rest of the party went along listening with great attention to
+the conversation of the pair, and even the very goatherds and
+shepherds perceived how exceedingly out of his wits our Don Quixote
+was. Sancho Panza alone thought that what his master said was the
+truth, knowing who he was and having known him from his birth; and all
+that he felt any difficulty in believing was that about the fair
+Dulcinea del Toboso, because neither any such name nor any such
+princess had ever come to his knowledge though he lived so close to El
+Toboso. They were going along conversing in this way, when they saw
+descending a gap between two high mountains some twenty shepherds, all
+clad in sheepskins of black wool, and crowned with garlands which,
+as afterwards appeared, were, some of them of yew, some of cypress.
+Six of the number were carrying a bier covered with a great variety of
+flowers and branches, on seeing which one of the goatherds said,
+"Those who come there are the bearers of Chrysostom's body, and the
+foot of that mountain is the place where he ordered them to bury him."
+They therefore made haste to reach the spot, and did so by the time
+those who came had laid the bier upon the ground, and four of them
+with sharp pickaxes were digging a grave by the side of a hard rock.
+They greeted each other courteously, and then Don Quixote and those
+who accompanied him turned to examine the bier, and on it, covered
+with flowers, they saw a dead body in the dress of a shepherd, to
+all appearance of one thirty years of age, and showing even in death
+that in life he had been of comely features and gallant bearing.
+Around him on the bier itself were laid some books, and several papers
+open and folded; and those who were looking on as well as those who
+were opening the grave and all the others who were there preserved a
+strange silence, until one of those who had borne the body said to
+another, "Observe carefully, Ambrosia if this is the place
+Chrysostom spoke of, since you are anxious that what he directed in
+his will should be so strictly complied with."</p>
+
+<p>"This is the place," answered Ambrosia "for in it many a time did my
+poor friend tell me the story of his hard fortune. Here it was, he
+told me, that he saw for the first time that mortal enemy of the human
+race, and here, too, for the first time he declared to her his
+passion, as honourable as it was devoted, and here it was that at last
+Marcela ended by scorning and rejecting him so as to bring the tragedy
+of his wretched life to a close; here, in memory of misfortunes so
+great, he desired to be laid in the bowels of eternal oblivion."
+Then turning to Don Quixote and the travellers he went on to say,
+"That body, sirs, on which you are looking with compassionate eyes,
+was the abode of a soul on which Heaven bestowed a vast share of its
+riches. That is the body of Chrysostom, who was unrivalled in wit,
+unequalled in courtesy, unapproached in gentle bearing, a phoenix in
+friendship, generous without limit, grave without arrogance, gay
+without vulgarity, and, in short, first in all that constitutes
+goodness and second to none in all that makes up misfortune. He
+loved deeply, he was hated; he adored, he was scorned; he wooed a wild
+beast, he pleaded with marble, he pursued the wind, he cried to the
+wilderness, he served ingratitude, and for reward was made the prey of
+death in the mid-course of life, cut short by a shepherdess whom he
+sought to immortalise in the memory of man, as these papers which
+you see could fully prove, had he not commanded me to consign them
+to the fire after having consigned his body to the earth."</p>
+
+<p>"You would deal with them more harshly and cruelly than their
+owner himself," said Vivaldo, "for it is neither right nor proper to
+do the will of one who enjoins what is wholly unreasonable; it would
+not have been reasonable in Augustus Caesar had he permitted the
+directions left by the divine Mantuan in his will to be carried into
+effect. So that, Senor Ambrosia while you consign your friend's body
+to the earth, you should not consign his writings to oblivion, for
+if he gave the order in bitterness of heart, it is not right that
+you should irrationally obey it. On the contrary, by granting life
+to those papers, let the cruelty of Marcela live for ever, to serve as
+a warning in ages to come to all men to shun and avoid falling into
+like danger; or I and all of us who have come here know already the
+story of this your love-stricken and heart-broken friend, and we know,
+too, your friendship, and the cause of his death, and the directions
+he gave at the close of his life; from which sad story may be gathered
+how great was the cruelty of Marcela, the love of Chrysostom, and
+the loyalty of your friendship, together with the end awaiting those
+who pursue rashly the path that insane passion opens to their eyes.
+Last night we learned the death of Chrysostom and that he was to be
+buried here, and out of curiosity and pity we left our direct road and
+resolved to come and see with our eyes that which when heard of had so
+moved our compassion, and in consideration of that compassion and
+our desire to prove it if we might by condolence, we beg of you,
+excellent Ambrosia, or at least I on my own account entreat you,
+that instead of burning those papers you allow me to carry away some
+of them."</p>
+
+<p>And without waiting for the shepherd's answer, he stretched out
+his hand and took up some of those that were nearest to him; seeing
+which Ambrosio said, "Out of courtesy, senor, I will grant your
+request as to those you have taken, but it is idle to expect me to
+abstain from burning the remainder."</p>
+
+<p>Vivaldo, who was eager to see what the papers contained, opened
+one of them at once, and saw that its title was "Lay of Despair."</p>
+
+<p>Ambrosio hearing it said, "That is the last paper the unhappy man
+wrote; and that you may see, senor, to what an end his misfortunes
+brought him, read it so that you may be heard, for you will have
+time enough for that while we are waiting for the grave to be dug."</p>
+
+<p>"I will do so very willingly," said Vivaldo; and as all the
+bystanders were equally eager they gathered round him, and he, reading
+in a loud voice, found that it ran as follows.</p>
+
+
+<br>
+<br><br><br>
+<center><a name="c13e"></a><img alt="c13e.jpg (15K)" src="images/c13e.jpg" height="285" width="441">
+</center>
+
+
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<hr>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of Don Quixote, Vol. I.,
+Part 4., by Miguel de Cervantes
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DON QUIXOTE, PART 4 ***
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
+
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author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 05:26:25 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 05:26:25 -0700
commit	44bb733696552eea987c823d8ca8853d322c4e20 (patch)
tree	c8c341e6552b4a75ca9d95b3b8536046f5b980cb /5906-h