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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Lee Mansion National Memorial, Arlington,
-Virginia (1953), by Anonymous
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Lee Mansion National Memorial, Arlington, Virginia (1953)
-
-Author: Anonymous
-
-Release Date: July 21, 2021 [eBook #65892]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading
- Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEE MANSION NATIONAL MEMORIAL,
-ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA (1953) ***
-
-
-
-
- Lee Mansion
- NATIONAL MEMORIAL
- _Arlington National Cemetery_
-
-
- VIRGINIA
-
- [Illustration: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR]
-
- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
- March 3, 1849
-
- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
- Douglas McKay, _Secretary_
-
- NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
- Conrad L. Wirth, _Director_
-
- Reprint 1953 16—52238-7 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
-
-
-
-
- _Lee Mansion National Memorial_
-
-
- In this Mansion, which became his home when he married Mary Custis,
- Robert E. Lee wrote his resignation from the United States Army in
- April 1861, to join the cause of Virginia and the South.
-
-The Lee Mansion National Memorial, or Arlington House, as it was
-formerly known, distinctive through its associations with the families
-of Custis, Washington, and Lee, stands within the Nation’s most famous
-cemetery on the Virginia side of the Potomac opposite Washington. This
-house of the foster son of the First President was for years the
-treasury of both the Washington heirlooms and the Washington tradition.
-Here Robert E. Lee, a young lieutenant in the U. S. Army, and Mary
-Custis, the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington, were married and
-reared a family. Here, also, Col. Robert E. Lee, torn between devotion
-to his country and to his native State, made his fateful decision, the
-substance of which he had written to his son a few months before: “It is
-the principle I contend for.... But I can anticipate no greater calamity
-for the country than a dissolution of the Union.... Still, a Union that
-can only be maintained by swords and bayonets ... has no charm for me. I
-shall mourn for my country and for the welfare and progress of mankind.
-If the Union is dissolved ... I shall return to my native State ... and
-save in defence will draw my sword on none.” Today Arlington House,
-furnished with appointments of its early period, preserves for posterity
-the atmosphere of gracious living, typical of a romantic age of American
-history.
-
-
-
-
- _Early History_
-
-
-George Washington Parke Custis, builder of Arlington House, was the
-grandson of Martha Washington and the foster son of George Washington.
-When Martha Dandridge Custis became the wife of Col. George Washington
-she was a widow with two children, Martha Parke Custis and John Parke
-Custis. Martha Parke Custis died in her teens without having been
-married, but John Parke Custis married Eleanor Calvert of Maryland in
-1774, and upon his death at the close of the Revolutionary War left four
-children. The death of John Parke Custis was a shock, not only to his
-mother, Mrs. Washington, but to General Washington as well, as he is
-reported to have remarked to the grieving mother at the deathbed, “I
-adopt the two youngest children as my own.” Their names were Eleanor
-Parke Custis (Nellie) and George Washington Parke Custis. They were
-reared at Mount Vernon and are often referred to as the “Children of
-Mount Vernon.”
-
-In 1802, the year his grandmother, Mrs. Washington, died, George
-Washington Parke Custis began building Arlington House on the estate of
-1,100 acres which his father had purchased from the Alexander family in
-1778. He named the estate “Arlington” and the home “Arlington House” in
-honor of the ancestral homestead of the Custis family on the Eastern
-Shore of Virginia. The house was to receive the legacy of his
-grandmother—furniture and pictures, plate and china from Mount Vernon,
-and more precious still, personal effects of Washington. Two years
-later, at the age of 23, he was married to Mary Lee Fitzhugh of Chatham.
-
- [Illustration: Portrait of Robert E. Lee, about 1850
- (G. Louvrie)]
-
-It is believed that Mr. Custis designed and supervised the original
-building and that its remodeling about 1820 was under the direction of
-the architect, George Hadfield. The foundation stone and timber came
-from the estate. The bricks with which the house was built were burned
-from native clay by slaves.
-
-
-
-
- _Arlington_
-
-
-The extent of the front of the Mansion, with its two wings, is 140 feet.
-The wings are identical, except that in the north wing the space
-corresponding to the state dining room in the south wing was divided
-into small rooms for the temporary accommodation of Mr. and Mrs. Custis
-while the house was being built and was never changed. The central
-portion is divided by a wide central hall. A large formal drawing room
-with two fine marble fireplaces lies south of this hall, while to the
-north of it can be seen the family dining room and family parlor
-separated by a north and south partition broken by three graceful
-arches. The second story is also divided by a central hall on either
-side of which there are two bedrooms and accompanying dressing rooms. A
-small room used as a linen closet is at the end of this hall. The third
-floor was used only for storage purposes and remained an unfinished
-attic. The grand portico facing the Potomac, with its eight massive
-Doric columns, was modeled after the Temple of Theseus at Athens. At the
-rear, two outhouses used as servants’ quarters, smokehouse, workroom,
-and summer kitchen form a courtyard.
-
- [Illustration: The family dining room]
-
-
-
-
- _General Lafayette Visits Arlington_
-
-
-One of the most pleasant incidents in the history of Arlington House was
-the visit in 1824 of General Lafayette, whose reverence for the memory
-of Washington matched that of his host. It is related that on entering
-he commented on the iron lantern in the hall, which he remembered at
-Mount Vernon. The view from the portico he pronounced unrivaled,
-entreating Mrs. Custis never to sacrifice any of the fine trees. General
-Lafayette returned again to Arlington House in 1825 as the guest of the
-Custises for several weeks.
-
-
-
-
- _Lt. Robert E. Lee’s Marriage_
-
-
-On June 30, 1831, Mary Ann Randolph Custis, only child of the Custis
-family at Arlington, became the wife of Robert E. Lee, a young
-lieutenant in the U. S. Army, just 2 years out of West Point. The
-ceremony took place under a floral bell hung in the archway between the
-family dining room and parlor. The wedding party remained at Arlington
-in festivity and merriment until July 5, when the groom’s fellow
-officers, their leaves ending, were forced to say good-by. Some of the
-bridesmaids lingered until the end of the week.
-
-
-
-
- _Mrs. Lee Inherits Arlington_
-
-
-Much of Mrs. Lee’s married life was spent at the home of her girlhood,
-sometimes with her husband, sometimes awaiting his return from the
-Mexican War, or other distant tours of duty. Six of the seven Lee
-children were born here. By the will of George Washington Parke Custis,
-who died in 1857, the estate of Arlington was bequeathed to his daughter
-for her lifetime, and afterward to his eldest grandson and namesake,
-George Washington Custis Lee.
-
- [Illustration: The state drawing room]
-
-Never a thrifty farmer and an easygoing master, requiring little of his
-slaves, Mr. Custis’ death found the Arlington plantation sadly run down.
-Robert E. Lee as executor felt that his presence at Arlington was
-necessary if he was to give proper attention to the estate. He,
-therefore, obtained extended leave and settled down to the life of a
-farmer. Three years elapsed before he rejoined his regiment. During this
-period, the traditions of Arlington House were maintained. Situated on
-the main-traveled road from the South, Arlington was a favorite stopping
-place for relatives and friends. Its hospitable doors were always open
-to such guests.
-
-
-
-
- _The Lees Leave Arlington_
-
-
-Following the news of the secession of Virginia, news which he had hoped
-never to hear, Colonel Lee, on April 20, 1861, resigned his commission
-in the U. S. Army. Monday morning, April 22, at the request of the
-Governor of Virginia, he departed for Richmond. Mrs. Lee remained at
-Arlington engaged in the work of dismantling her home and sending family
-possessions to a place of safety. She had not completed this task, when,
-on May 24, the seizure of lands between Washington and Alexandria by
-Federal troops caused her to abandon everything. The remaining family
-possessions were later taken from Arlington and locked up in the old
-Patent Office in Washington, but not before many things, including some
-of the Mount Vernon heirlooms, had been carried away.
-
-
-
-
- _The United States Acquires Arlington_
-
-
-Situated on the line of fortifications guarding Washington, Arlington
-estate soon became an armed camp, and, after the First Battle of Bull
-Run in July 1861, was used as a field hospital. In 1864, at a tax sale,
-the United States acquired title to Arlington for $26,800. Upon the
-death of Mrs. Lee in 1873—General Lee having died in 1870—Custis Lee
-took steps to recover his property, as under the will of his
-grandfather, George Washington Parke Custis, he became entitled to
-Arlington. His case was carried to the United States Supreme Court,
-where a decision favorable to Mr. Lee was obtained. He then consented to
-give the United States a clear title to the property for $150,000, and
-Congress in 1883 appropriated the necessary funds.
-
-
-
-
- _Arlington House Restored_
-
-
-For years after the war, the Mansion stood an empty shell—an office for
-the superintendent of the cemetery and a place for his tools. By act of
-Congress, approved March 4, 1925, the Secretary of War was empowered to
-undertake the restoration of Arlington House to the condition in which
-it existed prior to the War Between the States and to procure for it,
-when possible, furniture known to have been in the Mansion, replicas of
-that furniture, or other pieces of a style suitable to the first half of
-the nineteenth century. Some of the historical originals have been
-returned, and for those that could not be obtained similar period pieces
-and a few copies have been substituted. In 1933 Arlington House was
-transferred from the War Department to the Department of the Interior.
-
-
-
-
- _Visitor Service and Facilities_
-
-
-Lee Mansion National Memorial is located in Arlington National Cemetery.
-Bus service is available via Arlington Memorial Bridge to the main
-cemetery gates. Automobiles use the same approach but may drive the
-short distance through the cemetery to parking facilities near the
-Mansion. Visiting hours are as follows: October through March, 9 a. m.
-to 4:30 p. m.; April through September, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. There is a
-small admission charge, which is waived for children and educational
-groups.
-
-
-
-
- _Administration_
-
-
-Lee Mansion National Memorial is administered by the National Capital
-Parks of the National Park Service, United States Department of the
-Interior. Other national memorials administered by the National Capital
-Parks are: The Lincoln Memorial, the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the
-Washington Monument, the Lincoln Museum, and the House Where Lincoln
-Died. Communications should be addressed to Edward J. Kelly,
-Superintendent, National Capital Parks, Interior Building, Washington
-25, D. C.
-
- [Illustration: Lee Mansion overlooks the city of Washington]
-
-
-
-
- Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
-—Silently corrected a few typos.
-
-—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
- is public-domain in the country of publication.
-
-—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
- _underscores_.
-
-
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEE MANSION NATIONAL MEMORIAL,
-ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA (1953) ***
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