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If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Lee Mansion National Memorial, Arlington, Virginia (1953) - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: July 21, 2021 [eBook #65892] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEE MANSION NATIONAL MEMORIAL, -ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA (1953) *** - - - - - Lee Mansion - NATIONAL MEMORIAL - _Arlington National Cemetery_ - - - VIRGINIA - - [Illustration: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR] - - DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - March 3, 1849 - - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - Douglas McKay, _Secretary_ - - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - Conrad L. Wirth, _Director_ - - Reprint 1953 16—52238-7 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - - - - - _Lee Mansion National Memorial_ - - - In this Mansion, which became his home when he married Mary Custis, - Robert E. Lee wrote his resignation from the United States Army in - April 1861, to join the cause of Virginia and the South. - -The Lee Mansion National Memorial, or Arlington House, as it was -formerly known, distinctive through its associations with the families -of Custis, Washington, and Lee, stands within the Nation’s most famous -cemetery on the Virginia side of the Potomac opposite Washington. This -house of the foster son of the First President was for years the -treasury of both the Washington heirlooms and the Washington tradition. -Here Robert E. Lee, a young lieutenant in the U. S. Army, and Mary -Custis, the great-granddaughter of Martha Washington, were married and -reared a family. Here, also, Col. Robert E. Lee, torn between devotion -to his country and to his native State, made his fateful decision, the -substance of which he had written to his son a few months before: “It is -the principle I contend for.... But I can anticipate no greater calamity -for the country than a dissolution of the Union.... Still, a Union that -can only be maintained by swords and bayonets ... has no charm for me. I -shall mourn for my country and for the welfare and progress of mankind. -If the Union is dissolved ... I shall return to my native State ... and -save in defence will draw my sword on none.” Today Arlington House, -furnished with appointments of its early period, preserves for posterity -the atmosphere of gracious living, typical of a romantic age of American -history. - - - - - _Early History_ - - -George Washington Parke Custis, builder of Arlington House, was the -grandson of Martha Washington and the foster son of George Washington. -When Martha Dandridge Custis became the wife of Col. George Washington -she was a widow with two children, Martha Parke Custis and John Parke -Custis. Martha Parke Custis died in her teens without having been -married, but John Parke Custis married Eleanor Calvert of Maryland in -1774, and upon his death at the close of the Revolutionary War left four -children. The death of John Parke Custis was a shock, not only to his -mother, Mrs. Washington, but to General Washington as well, as he is -reported to have remarked to the grieving mother at the deathbed, “I -adopt the two youngest children as my own.” Their names were Eleanor -Parke Custis (Nellie) and George Washington Parke Custis. They were -reared at Mount Vernon and are often referred to as the “Children of -Mount Vernon.” - -In 1802, the year his grandmother, Mrs. Washington, died, George -Washington Parke Custis began building Arlington House on the estate of -1,100 acres which his father had purchased from the Alexander family in -1778. He named the estate “Arlington” and the home “Arlington House” in -honor of the ancestral homestead of the Custis family on the Eastern -Shore of Virginia. The house was to receive the legacy of his -grandmother—furniture and pictures, plate and china from Mount Vernon, -and more precious still, personal effects of Washington. Two years -later, at the age of 23, he was married to Mary Lee Fitzhugh of Chatham. - - [Illustration: Portrait of Robert E. Lee, about 1850 - (G. Louvrie)] - -It is believed that Mr. Custis designed and supervised the original -building and that its remodeling about 1820 was under the direction of -the architect, George Hadfield. The foundation stone and timber came -from the estate. The bricks with which the house was built were burned -from native clay by slaves. - - - - - _Arlington_ - - -The extent of the front of the Mansion, with its two wings, is 140 feet. -The wings are identical, except that in the north wing the space -corresponding to the state dining room in the south wing was divided -into small rooms for the temporary accommodation of Mr. and Mrs. Custis -while the house was being built and was never changed. The central -portion is divided by a wide central hall. A large formal drawing room -with two fine marble fireplaces lies south of this hall, while to the -north of it can be seen the family dining room and family parlor -separated by a north and south partition broken by three graceful -arches. The second story is also divided by a central hall on either -side of which there are two bedrooms and accompanying dressing rooms. A -small room used as a linen closet is at the end of this hall. The third -floor was used only for storage purposes and remained an unfinished -attic. The grand portico facing the Potomac, with its eight massive -Doric columns, was modeled after the Temple of Theseus at Athens. At the -rear, two outhouses used as servants’ quarters, smokehouse, workroom, -and summer kitchen form a courtyard. - - [Illustration: The family dining room] - - - - - _General Lafayette Visits Arlington_ - - -One of the most pleasant incidents in the history of Arlington House was -the visit in 1824 of General Lafayette, whose reverence for the memory -of Washington matched that of his host. It is related that on entering -he commented on the iron lantern in the hall, which he remembered at -Mount Vernon. The view from the portico he pronounced unrivaled, -entreating Mrs. Custis never to sacrifice any of the fine trees. General -Lafayette returned again to Arlington House in 1825 as the guest of the -Custises for several weeks. - - - - - _Lt. Robert E. Lee’s Marriage_ - - -On June 30, 1831, Mary Ann Randolph Custis, only child of the Custis -family at Arlington, became the wife of Robert E. Lee, a young -lieutenant in the U. S. Army, just 2 years out of West Point. The -ceremony took place under a floral bell hung in the archway between the -family dining room and parlor. The wedding party remained at Arlington -in festivity and merriment until July 5, when the groom’s fellow -officers, their leaves ending, were forced to say good-by. Some of the -bridesmaids lingered until the end of the week. - - - - - _Mrs. Lee Inherits Arlington_ - - -Much of Mrs. Lee’s married life was spent at the home of her girlhood, -sometimes with her husband, sometimes awaiting his return from the -Mexican War, or other distant tours of duty. Six of the seven Lee -children were born here. By the will of George Washington Parke Custis, -who died in 1857, the estate of Arlington was bequeathed to his daughter -for her lifetime, and afterward to his eldest grandson and namesake, -George Washington Custis Lee. - - [Illustration: The state drawing room] - -Never a thrifty farmer and an easygoing master, requiring little of his -slaves, Mr. Custis’ death found the Arlington plantation sadly run down. -Robert E. Lee as executor felt that his presence at Arlington was -necessary if he was to give proper attention to the estate. He, -therefore, obtained extended leave and settled down to the life of a -farmer. Three years elapsed before he rejoined his regiment. During this -period, the traditions of Arlington House were maintained. Situated on -the main-traveled road from the South, Arlington was a favorite stopping -place for relatives and friends. Its hospitable doors were always open -to such guests. - - - - - _The Lees Leave Arlington_ - - -Following the news of the secession of Virginia, news which he had hoped -never to hear, Colonel Lee, on April 20, 1861, resigned his commission -in the U. S. Army. Monday morning, April 22, at the request of the -Governor of Virginia, he departed for Richmond. Mrs. Lee remained at -Arlington engaged in the work of dismantling her home and sending family -possessions to a place of safety. She had not completed this task, when, -on May 24, the seizure of lands between Washington and Alexandria by -Federal troops caused her to abandon everything. The remaining family -possessions were later taken from Arlington and locked up in the old -Patent Office in Washington, but not before many things, including some -of the Mount Vernon heirlooms, had been carried away. - - - - - _The United States Acquires Arlington_ - - -Situated on the line of fortifications guarding Washington, Arlington -estate soon became an armed camp, and, after the First Battle of Bull -Run in July 1861, was used as a field hospital. In 1864, at a tax sale, -the United States acquired title to Arlington for $26,800. Upon the -death of Mrs. Lee in 1873—General Lee having died in 1870—Custis Lee -took steps to recover his property, as under the will of his -grandfather, George Washington Parke Custis, he became entitled to -Arlington. His case was carried to the United States Supreme Court, -where a decision favorable to Mr. Lee was obtained. He then consented to -give the United States a clear title to the property for $150,000, and -Congress in 1883 appropriated the necessary funds. - - - - - _Arlington House Restored_ - - -For years after the war, the Mansion stood an empty shell—an office for -the superintendent of the cemetery and a place for his tools. By act of -Congress, approved March 4, 1925, the Secretary of War was empowered to -undertake the restoration of Arlington House to the condition in which -it existed prior to the War Between the States and to procure for it, -when possible, furniture known to have been in the Mansion, replicas of -that furniture, or other pieces of a style suitable to the first half of -the nineteenth century. Some of the historical originals have been -returned, and for those that could not be obtained similar period pieces -and a few copies have been substituted. In 1933 Arlington House was -transferred from the War Department to the Department of the Interior. - - - - - _Visitor Service and Facilities_ - - -Lee Mansion National Memorial is located in Arlington National Cemetery. -Bus service is available via Arlington Memorial Bridge to the main -cemetery gates. Automobiles use the same approach but may drive the -short distance through the cemetery to parking facilities near the -Mansion. Visiting hours are as follows: October through March, 9 a. m. -to 4:30 p. m.; April through September, 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. There is a -small admission charge, which is waived for children and educational -groups. - - - - - _Administration_ - - -Lee Mansion National Memorial is administered by the National Capital -Parks of the National Park Service, United States Department of the -Interior. Other national memorials administered by the National Capital -Parks are: The Lincoln Memorial, the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the -Washington Monument, the Lincoln Museum, and the House Where Lincoln -Died. Communications should be addressed to Edward J. Kelly, -Superintendent, National Capital Parks, Interior Building, Washington -25, D. C. - - [Illustration: Lee Mansion overlooks the city of Washington] - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEE MANSION NATIONAL MEMORIAL, -ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA (1953) *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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