diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/67836-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/67836-0.txt | 1209 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1209 deletions
diff --git a/old/67836-0.txt b/old/67836-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index af6dabc..0000000 --- a/old/67836-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1209 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Remarks on the Importance of the Study -of Political Pamphlets, Weekly Papers, Periodical Papers, Daily Papers, -Political Music, &c, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Remarks on the Importance of the Study of Political Pamphlets, - Weekly Papers, Periodical Papers, Daily Papers, Political Music, - &c - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: April 14, 2022 [eBook #67836] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by The Internet - Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMARKS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF -THE STUDY OF POLITICAL PAMPHLETS, WEEKLY PAPERS, PERIODICAL PAPERS, -DAILY PAPERS, POLITICAL MUSIC, &C *** - - - - - - REMARKS - - ON THE - - IMPORTANCE of the STUDY - - OF - - POLITICAL PAMPHLETS, WEEKLY - PAPERS, PERIODICAL PAPERS, - DAILY PAPERS, POLITICAL - MUSIC, &C. - - Libertas, et speciosa nomina prætexuntur; nec quisquam, - alienum servitium, et dominationem sibi - concupivit, ut non eadem ista vocabula usurparet. - - LONDON: - - Printed for W. NICOLL, in St. Paul’s Church-yard, - M DCC LXV. - - - - -REMARKS - -On the Importance of the Study of - -POLITICAL PAMPHLETS, &c. - - -There cannot be a surer proof of ignorance and folly than impertinence, -whether it betrays itself in the pertness of a coxcomb, or in the -solemnity of a fop; provokes with the petulance of wit; stupifies with -the dullness of narration; insults with the arrogance of superior -birth, fortune, or learning; fatigues with frothy declamation, or stuns -with the clamour of dispute; in private and in public, over a dish of -tea, or over a bottle; from the pulpit, or the bar, or in the senate, -it is always offensive and ridiculous. - -The humble and obscure writer of a Pamphlet cannot, however, if he -happens to mistake his talents, be justly blamed for impertinence. He -may be pitied for his misfortune; but for his faults as an author, he -is answerable to no man: for there is scarce any man, who has dealt in -this sort of reading, that has not had fair warning; it being more than -an hundred to one, that he has bought an impertinent Pamphlet, some -time, or other, in the course of his studies. He cannot well fail of -knowing that such things are sometimes published; neither the writer -nor the bookseller compels him to buy; and if he suffers himself to be -imposed on by a title-page, he can have no good reason to complain of -either. Besides, no Pamphlet can fairly be said to be wholly useless: -it may be always made to serve, at least, some purpose; whereas I -believe there is hardly any body but may remember to have been present, -perhaps once in their lives, at a conversation, or a pleading, or a -speech, or a sermon, that could serve no manner of purpose but to tire -the audience, and make the speaker ridiculous: and this must be allowed -to be a very unpardonable sort of impertinence; for a man may throw -aside a Pamphlet, if he pleases, at the first page, or the first line; -but he cannot decently get out of a company, or out of the senate, or -out of a church, whenever he may have a mind. - -I do not mean this, as an apology for authors in general: the -accidental writer of a Pamphlet, or a Paper, hardly deserves so -respectable an appellation. On the contrary, every man who wantonly -and vainly usurps that sacred profession, without being possessed of -a moderate share at least, either of genius, or wit, or learning, or -knowledge, besides the indispensable qualifications and ingredients of -common honesty, sincerity, and benevolence, is guilty, in my opinion, -of the highest degree of impertinence. - -But in this land of liberty, of general wealth, curiosity, and -idleness, where there is scarce a human creature so poor that it cannot -afford to buy or hire a Paper or a Pamphlet, or so busy that it cannot -find leisure to read it; where every man, woman, and child, is, by -instinct, birth, and inheritance, a politician; where the ordinary -subjects of common conversation turn not, as in most countries, upon -the impertinent trivial occurrences of the week or the day, nor on the -small concerns, offices, and duties of private and social life; but -on the greater and the more important objects of war, negociations, -peace, laws, and the public and general weal; where men are more -solicitous about the integrity and abilities of a lord commissioner -of the treasury, or of a secretary of state, than the fidelity of -their own wives, the chastity of their daughters, their sons, or their -own honour and virtue; and where, like the virtuous citizens of Rome -and Sparta, they unreluctantly offer up all the slenderer ties of -blood, the endearments of love, the connexions of friendship, and the -obligations of private gratitude, daily sacrifices and victims to the -commonwealth; in such a country, the dullest Pamphlet may have a fair -chance of gaining some readers, provided it be a political Pamphlet; -whilst a treatise on religion or philosophy, unless the writer of it -should happen to be thoroughly master of his subject, and know how to -treat it with uncommon genius and learning, would meet with the fate -it deserved, and be received with universal neglect. - -These are dry insipid studies, fit only for the drudgery of a school -or a college. They are commonly laid aside with the accidence or the -grammar, are of little use to a man in his commerce with the world, -and contribute rather to obstruct the advancement of his interests -and his fortunes, than to promote them. There are, besides, few men -so unreasonably inquisitive about these matters, as not to be fully -satisfied with the stock they have already laid in, or who would not -even sooner consent perhaps, to forget half they had ever learned, -than to take the useless or the dangerous pains of acquiring more. The -works of a Tillotson, or of a Shaftesbury, of a Seneca, or a Marcus -Antoninus, may possibly be found amongst the lumber of a bookseller’s -warehouse; may serve, like the works of the Fathers, to fill up the -vacant shelves of a large library; or may, now and then, assist a -clergyman who happens to be ill, or engaged on a Saturday; but they -are of little other use at present. Formerly, indeed, they seem to -have been read and approved by here and there a man; and some small -encouragement was not wanting to writers, even of this stamp; but this -was in quiet and peaceful times, times of good government and perfect -security, when men were not universally called upon by the superior -duties they owe to their country, when the constitution was in its -full vigour, and wanted not the zealous and united efforts of whole -legions of political labourers, to vindicate and assert its invaluable -privileges. - -In those days, if they were threatened with no invasion from abroad, -nor with popery nor arbitrary power at home; if magna charta, the -declaration of rights, habeas corpus, and other fundamental laws of -the realm, remained unrepealed in full force and exertion, they never -gave themselves any farther concern about the public, but minded what -they called their own affairs such as their respective trades, arts, -callings, professions, thereby to be enabled to feed, clothe, and -lodge themselves and their families, and provide for their children. -If they could contrive to live in peace and plenty at home, and pass -among their customers, their neighbours, and their friends, for honest, -industrious, good-humoured folks, they thought themselves at liberty -to employ their leisure-hours in what studies they pleased, and looked -no further. They had no notion of political refinements, of those -delicate and nicer sensations we feel for the public. It never entered -into their heads to be perpetually making earnest and anxious enquiries -about the state of the nation; if the body politic was, upon the whole, -sound and in good health, they were no more alarmed at every little -complaint, than at a slight cold, or an accidental head-ach. They had -not indeed the same opportunities of hearing complaints: the book of -knowledge fair, was but half open to them; the sources of information -and instruction were then neither so frequent nor so abundant; every -remote corner of the kingdom was not, as it happily is now, plentifully -supplied with political, pure, refreshing streams, flowing without -intermission, during the whole year, to the great delight and emolument -of the whole kingdom. Neither were they rich enough to join in large -voluntary contribution for the feeding, clothing, and support of such -a numerous body of sturdy penmen as are now in constant pay. Those -trusty guardians of our liberties, oraculous as the priestess of -Apollo; jealous as Argus of the fair privileges committed to their -care; watchful of our golden treasures as the green dragons of the -Hesperides; faithful and fierce as the bellua centiceps of Pluto; -alarming as the sacred birds that saved the Capitol; zealously attached -to our service; equally vigilant in times of security as in danger, in -peace as in the midst of war; ready at a moment’s warning, on every -alarm, to attack or defend; intrepidly sacrificing to the public every -consideration that the timidity of other men calls dear to mankind; -like well-disciplined troops, scorning to loiter away their time in -rusty idleness, daily exercising their arms, performing all their -marches and counter-marches, evolutions, and firings, with the same -skill and alertness as if the enemy were upon them. - -These advantages were unknown to our ancestors, and were reserved, -among many other peculiar blessings, for their posterity. Not that -genius, wit, and learning, appear to have been scarce commodities -in those days; but they laid on their owner’s hands, for want of -purchasers. When the Daily Advertiser, the St. James’s Evening-Post, -and the Gentleman’s Magazine, were as much as they could afford to buy, -many thousand hands were lying idle for want of employers, and many a -strenuous and faithful subject, amply qualified, both from his talents -and his virtues, for the service of his country, was shut out from the -higher employments which nature had formed him for; confined, for mere -want of bread, to the narrow sphere of a shop-board or a counter, or -condemned perhaps for life to the sordid drudgery of some laborious -handicraft trade. - -The times are now changed; merit is no longer in danger of pining in -obscurity; the high road to wealth and fame is open to all their -votaries; whether a political writer be inspired by the genuine spirit -of patriotism, inflamed with a fervent zeal for the honour of his -king and his country; whether he aspires to high dignities, places, -pensions, or reversions; or whether he be a simple candidate for food -and raiment, it is his own misfortune or fault, not the public’s, if -he fails: for it is notorious to every man of common observation, that -the arts and sciences, the children of genius and learning, thrive and -increase in proportion to the increase of our manufactures, trade, and -commerce; which enable a rich, indulgent, and munificent public to -cherish, support, and honour them. The immense wealth acquired by these -means within these few years, and scattered with generous profusion -over the whole kingdom, is not more remarkable, nor more amazing, than -the rapid progress which the arts of painting, sculpture, building, -gardening, music, engraving, &c. have made in the same period. Our -artists begin already to rival and surpass the most celebrated artists -of Europe, and bid fair to confer on their country as much honour and -renown, as those in the ages of Leo X. and Lewis XIV. did on France and -Italy. - -Hitherto, however, they have not reached that lofty summit; being -rather subordinate arts, the arts of elegance and ornament, than -of real and intrinsic use: they are neither held in such general -estimation, nor so liberally rewarded; and are therefore not cultivated -with the same zeal and assiduity, as others of more immediate benefit -and importance to society. - - _Excudent alii spirantia mollius aera, &c. - Tu regere imperio populos Romane memento. - Hæ tibi erunt artes,----_ - -was an ingenious compliment paid by Virgil to his countrymen; a grave, -serious, sober, virtuous people, like ourselves, devoted to the great -interests of their country, absorbed in public affairs, and preferring -the study of government, or the art of politics, to all other arts -whatever: to this art they were indebted for their prudence, -generosity, fortitude, and magnanimity; for their excellent laws and -institutions; for their admirable skill in negociations; for the -treaties they made, the victories they gained, and for their conquests, -in almost every corner of the known world; for all which they are so -deservedly celebrated and renowned. Part of the Roman, and even part of -the Grecian art of politics, happily escaped the injuries of time and -accident, and continued, for many hundred years, the constant theme, -admiration, and example of all writers on politics; but as we lament -the irreparable loss of the greater part of the productions of those -wise and venerable ancients in philosophy, history, poetry, &c. so we -must despair of recovering the most valuable part of their writings -on the art of politics. The Anticatones of Cæsar; the Acta Diurna, -which Cicero expressly mentions to have read daily, with great delight -and instruction, as containing, Senatus consulta, edicta, fabulæ, -rumores, &c. and ten thousand writings of the same kind, are all lost -in one common ruin; and of all these daily Papers and Pamphlets, not -one, that I know of, is remaining, to discover to us the stupendous -genius and art with which they must have been composed, to produce the -astonishing effects they manifestly appear to have done, especially -in the latter times of these republics; such as, by a sort of magic, -to fascinate the understandings and passions of the people, to wield -at their pleasure that unwieldy body the multitude; to compel them, -as it were, to choose or to dismiss what ministers the authors of -them thought proper; to enact or to repeal what laws they pleased; to -provoke them to war, or cajole them into peace; in short, to persuade -them that Scipio was a knave and a traitor, Aristides a common cheat, -Cato a coward, and Socrates a sodomite and an impostor; whereas all the -historians, biographers, philosophers, and poets of those countries, -agree in representing them as the justest, the greatest, and the wisest -men of the times in which they lived, or indeed in the times that -succeeded. It is manifest, likewise, that the very people themselves -had, for many years together, possessed the same opinion of them; that -they were universally beloved, honoured, and revered, until they were -dismissed or had resigned, and that after their executions or deaths, -they were as universally and sincerely lamented. - -If the great affairs of the world were uniform and consistent, the -opinions of the people would, no doubt, have been suffered to remain -so too; but they being, from their very nature, subject to perpetual -change and fluctuation, the political writers of those days saw that -it was their business and duty to adjust themselves to accidents -and events, and to the times which they strived to reform; to have -recourse, like Proteus, to every art, and to assume every imaginable -shape. Now it is well known, that it was no uncommon thing among -their countrymen, chearfully to sacrifice their own fortunes, or the -fortunes of other men, their own or other people’s mothers, wives, -children, friends, or acquaintances, nay, themselves, as often as -the more important affairs of the state required it: thus, when it -became indispensably necessary for the preservation of liberty and the -constitution, or for the immediate salvation of their country, they -very gravely persuaded and prevailed on the people to impeach Scipio -and Aristides, to banish Cicero, to poison Socrates, dissolve the union -they had so eagerly courted with Sparta or Arpinum, to curse the very -memories of all those able and upright counsellors who had advised -it, to revile and insult every Lacedemonian or Samnite that had been -invited to their hospitality, and at length to drive them out of their -houses, and out of their cities. - -There are people who pretend, that the Clouds, a dramatic performance -of Aristophanes, is a specimen of the art of writing of which I have -been speaking. In my own opinion, however, whether considered as a mere -comedy, or as a political composition, it is such a pert insipid piece -of buffoonery, written so much in the true spirit of our Grub-street, -that it could have no manner of chance to produce the effect it is -supposed to have designed, and does not at all account for the -problem, being, in every respect, much inferior to our own writings -of that kind, the Nonjuror, and Beggar’s Opera. We know, in short, as -little of their art of political writing as of their music; the rise, -progress, and perfection of both seem to have been owing to the same -causes. - -In arbitrary and despotic governments, fear, as Montesquieu justly -remarks, is the principal engine of government; there the sophi, or the -grand seignior, or the dey, is the sole legislator; the only person -who has studied the art of politics, being the only person who is -called upon by his country to practise it. This sort of writing being -principally applied to the great purposes of provoking or of appeasing -the people; of awaking them, or laying them asleep; of blinding them, -or restoring them to sight at pleasure, is wholly useless in a country -where it is the sovereign’s business to command; the subjects duty to -act, to suffer, and to obey. - -But in the free governments of Greece and Rome, all ranks, degrees, -and orders of men, patricians and plebeians, from the highest birth, -alliance, and properties, down even to tinkers and coblers, were all -either immediately or remotely perpetually employed, and at work upon -the constitution; busily and anxiously examining into every part of -it; repairing any breaches that might have been made in it by time or -neglect; framing new laws, or repealing old ones; appointing ministers, -statesmen, generals, admirals, &c. for all the various departments of -peace and war; choosing faithful, eloquent, zealous tribunes, the great -defenders of the liberties of the plebeians; voting for peace or for -war, &c. By this means the arts of politics and music (of which latter -I shall speak hereafter) became the immediate business, employment, -and duty of every individual; as they both had been found, from long -experience, indispensably necessary for the repose, security, and -duration of the state. The constitution and the inhabitants of Great -Britain in these present times, very much resemble those of which I -have been speaking. The same instruments of government, therefore, -are as necessary here as they were there; now as they were then: no -encouragement, of course, has been wanting to these arts; and I cannot, -upon this occasion, forbear to congratulate with my countrymen upon the -happy progress that has been made in them, even within these very few -years; more especially as our professors had no examples of such sort -of writing before them for their imitation. It would be no difficult -matter to produce an hundred proofs, both of their skill and their -success. There are, for instance, few people, at this time of day, so -infatuated as to doubt that it is to them we are indebted that this our -native land, with all her revenues, dignities, honours, employments, -posts, pensions, reversions, &c. was not seized, three or four years -ago, by the violent hands of Scotchmen, who, according to the prophecy -of a late holy prophet, had formed, like the Goths and Vandals, and -other fierce and enterprizing people of the North, the bold design of a -general emigration, had already (as it was currently reported) begun -their flight, and were descried at a great distance (as appeared from -many affidavits made at that time by men of known veracity) like a huge -cloud extending from East to West, from North to South, hovering over -the fair harvests of our lands and our labours, and ready to settle and -devour them! As the task assigned to our guardian polemists, upon this -occasion, was difficult and arduous, so the services they performed -were signal and eminent. The Genius of England had been, at no time, -more confident of repose, nor had ever fallen into a profounder sleep: -it required the loud roarings and shrieks of a multitude to awaken -him; and when at length he awoke, it called for the united efforts -of argument, wit, eloquence, eager affirmation, positive assertion, -repeated oaths, and imprecations, to make him listen for a moment to a -report, which he treated most imprudently and unwarily with contempt -and laughter. The greater part of his most faithful counsellors were -unhappily under the same fatal delusion, and heard it with the same -scorn and neglect. - -Strange as this dangerous confidence and supineness will appear -to posterity, yet it was not altogether unaccountable; for as the -inhabitants of the South and of the North of Great Britain had been -accustomed to live together, for a great number of years before, in -such perfect harmony and mutual affection, that it was no easy matter -to distinguish the one from the other, either by their stature, -complexion, language, dress, modes, education, manners, arts, sciences, -religion, principles of morals, or of government; as the injuries and -devastations of their former wars with each other, which, as well as -I can remember, they equally and reciprocally suffered and offered, -were mutually forgotten and forgiven, and had left little traces, but -in history and on record; as they had shewn the same zeal for civil -and religious liberty; had rushed foremost, and begun the first attack -upon the common enemies to both; had enabled us, by engaging first as -principals, and afterwards as confederates, to oppose their furious and -dangerous invasions, to repel them as often as they were attempted, -and finally to rout and discomfit them for ever; as they had lent us -their assistance likewise, with the same alacrity, in raising that -curious and wonderful fabric which we built on the ruins of the ancient -structure; venerable and awful as the Capitol, and composed of more -durable materials, which, in the course of many centuries, had by turns -been often secretly undermined, treacherously betrayed, and openly and -violently battered, and by turns, as often as we had opportunity or -abilities, recovered and repaired. As it was reared with their hands, -and cemented with their blood, as well as with our own, they were -invited, by the advice of our counsellors, most renowned for their -gravity, penetration, wisdom, and virtue, to all the advantages of its -protection; but they had a Capitol of their own, which, although it -was neither so splendid, nor so magnificent, nor so vast, yet they had -that superstitious love and veneration for it which is common to all -nations, and which nature, education, and habit, has deeply implanted -in the hearts of all honest men and good citizens, and were unwilling -to quit it. We knew by experience that they were powerful allies; we -thought them faithful friends, and we had found on record, mortifying -as it was to remember it, that as often as they had been provoked or -insulted, they had been formidable and dangerous enemies. We plainly -saw that it was our interest they should be united to us for ever; -and all our political arts and resources were employed to convince -them it was theirs too. At last, after large promises and assurances -of honours, riches, and everlasting love; they were prevailed on, -although reluctantly, to consent. The advantages we derived from this -union, by the abilities and virtues of their statesmen, the valour, -skill, thirst of glory, and spirit of enterprize of their sailors and -soldiers; the genius, wit, taste, eloquence, and learning of their -divines, philosophers, historians, poets, lawyers, physicians, &c., the -inventions of their artists; the industry of their merchants, &c. had -been, until lately, manifest to all men, and were freely acknowledged -by all men, who possessed or pretended to candor and impartiality. - -Men, indeed, conversant with history, knew well enough that the -Goths, Vandals, Huns, Saracens, Turks, and Moors, had been invited to -an alliance, in times of emergency and extreme danger; some of them -by the Romans, others by the Spaniards, Italians, &c. that they, at -first, fought for them, and defended them against their enemies; but -turned, at last, their arms against the very people who had called them -in, invaded their properties, usurped their governments, and finally -destroyed their constitution. But they reflected at the same time that -these people were not formed to live long together on any good terms of -mutual friendship, and confidence, being neither born under the same -climate, nor of the same colour, nor educated in the same principles of -manners, morals, nor government, nor speaking the same language, nor -worshipping the same god. There could not, therefore, be any stable -principle of union in so heterogeneous a mixture: the interest of the -one was to disband them like mercenaries, when the service was over; -the policy of the other, to use the opportunity their arms had given -them to remain where they were, and seize all they could get. - -Some few politicians, nevertheless, there were among us (the very -politicians I have so justly extolled) of deeper penetration and -more enlarged views, who scrupled not to give shrewd hints, that the -alliance between England and Scotland teemed with the same mischief; -but these insinuations were supposed to be the effects of private -interest, or of a malignant disposition; or, at the best, the mere -pleasantries of idle wags. Nor indeed (if what has been said of the -North Britons be admitted) ought it to pass for matter of wonder -that what we emphatically call the Union, should appear to vulgar -eyes totally different from the alliance between the people of whom -I have been speaking. It was, therefore, the prevailing and common -opinion, that an Englishman might, with equal reason, be jealous of a -man born in another country or city, or of his next door neighbour, -or of his brother, as of a Scotchman. Now no man can be found so -foolish as to own such a jealousy, how much soever he may feel it; all -men being agreed to allow, that there cannot be a surer mark of a -shallow understanding, and a wicked temper; yet it sometimes happens -in private families, that the elder son, either from the vanity or -overweening fondness which people feel for their first productions, -or from novelty, or the ambition of transmitting to posterity their -names, titles, and possessions, is dandled and cockered in his infancy, -pampered in his childhood, flattered in his follies, and indulged in -his vices; during his youth exempted from the drudgery of reading -and study, from the labours and anxieties of trade, and from the -fatigues and dangers of war; secured from want by the liberality of -his parents, and from all solicitude about the future, but for the -speedy removal of one only obstacle to the accomplishment of all his -wishes; carefully trained, indeed, to those noble principles which -create authority and distinction in the great scenes of pleasure and -idleness; but instructed in no other. The fate of his younger brother -is frequently very different: if he be fed, cloathed, and taught, it -is all he has a right to expect; he must be flogged to his books; his -passions, follies, and vices, must be perpetually controuled, that -they may not obstruct his fortune in the world; and he must be, after -all this, compelled to some profession, art, or business, to keep -him from starving, when his parents cannot or will not contribute -any longer to his support. Now if he should chance, in the course of -such an education, to learn the habits of temperance, frugality, and -industry, and qualify himself, after the hard labour of many years, -for the employment or profession of a divine, a statesman, a lawyer, -a physician, an artist, a merchant, &c. one would naturally suppose -that his elder brother would rejoice in his success; and being himself -totally ignorant and incapable of all these matters, would court his -assistance, as often as his business, his pleasures, his affairs, -his health, his own preservation, or the safety and interest of his -country required. Something of this sort does now-and-then happen, I -believe, among the numerous families in Great Britain; and although -there are not wanting even multitudes of elder brothers, of the highest -distinction and eminence in every acquisition, accomplishment, talent, -and virtue, yet they have not been found so abundant as to answer all -the exigencies either of private or public life; recourse, therefore, -must be had to somebody: by this means the younger brothers came to -be employed occasionally; sometimes the elder and the younger were -employed indiscriminately; but the preference was commonly shewn to the -elder, according to that prevailing alacrity with which most men fly to -the aid of the rich and the powerful. - -This, as far as I have been able to discover, was supposed to be pretty -much the case with the South and the North Britons, until of late. - -When his present majesty (the first of our kings born in this country -since the Union) succeeded to the throne, he was most graciously -pleased to assure his subjects, that, among many other peculiar -felicities of his reign, he gloried in the name of Briton. The name -of Briton was impartial, general, and comprehensive in its meaning, -and most equitable in its intention. The prudent and wise application -of it, on that great occasion, was acknowledged by all men (and all -good men united in their hopes) that the time was now come when all -distinctions, excepting the eternal distinctions of vice and virtue, -would be buried in oblivion; when every honest man, and every good -citizen, should be intitled to his majesty’s protection; and if his -talents happened to be useful to the state, to his royal favour and -bounty. No prince had ever ascended the throne of these kingdoms so -universally beloved and revered. His dominions every where resounded -with mutual congratulations, with the praises of so excellent a -monarch; and the breasts of all his subjects were filled with the most -exulting hopes of a long and glorious reign. These halcyon days were -soon succeeded by a furious tempest, that had well nigh overwhelmed -us (in the very bosom of repose and tranquillity)! A most execrable -and horrid plot was said to be discovered (which had been long formed) -concealed with the same secrecy, and designed to have been executed -with more universal and fatal effect, than the famous gunpowder plot. -Much pains has been taken to get at the bottom of this plot; but no -exact information, at least that I know of, has yet been obtained of -it, or of the conspirators. Some pronounced it a democratical plot, -others affirmed it to be an aristocratical plot; some pretended -it was a tory plot, others protested it was a whiggish plot; many -offered large betts that they would prove it to be a jacobite plot, -some archly squinted at it as a popish plot; but the true and zealous -friends of their country swore by G--d it was a Scottish plot: there -were, indeed, a few, who insinuated that it was no plot at all; but as -these latter were known to be inveterate enemies to all such names and -denominations, they were of course supposed to bear no good-will to -their countrymen; there not being more than one in a thousand of them -who does not call himself by one or other of these names: so that their -opinion was almost universally treated with the contempt and scorn it -deserved. The opinion that it was a Scottish plot I think, prevailed -very generally in that part of Great Britain called England, and in -Berwick upon Tweed. Then it began gradually to be doubted, then to be -wholly disbelieved, for even a considerable time: happily it is now at -this very day revived; and, by the fervent zeal and marvellous skill of -those faithful guardians of our liberties, whom I have formerly spoken -of, the eyes of all men are at length opened, and nobody is found so -mad as to doubt it. For notwithstanding all I have said, and said most -innocently, of our brethren of Scotland (an appellation we fondly gave -them in times of our great distress) for the truth of which I beg -leave to appeal to the honour and consciences of all my countrymen, -who have ever happened to see them, converse with them, employ them, -serve with them, in the navy or the army; hear them in the pulpit, at -the bar, or in either houses of parliament; observe their buildings, -engravings, and other arts; or read their productions; yet no true -lovers of liberty can be too circumspect nor too vigilantly on their -guard against the danger even of possibilities; it being an established -maxim among all politicians of free countries, that Credulity is the -mother of Danger, as she is the daughter of Stupidity and Ignorance, -and has been the total ruin of many nations: for proof of which they -produce examples from the histories of all countries; such as the -secret machinations of many the most illustrious patricians and -wealthiest plebeians against the constitution of Rome, in the times of -Marius, Sylla, Catiline, Pompey, and Cæsar, which, by the credulity -of the people, lurked for a long while undiscovered and unsuspected, -until it burst forth on a sudden in open and violent attacks, and ended -in the total ruin of it; yet all these were Romans. The same wicked -designs were said to have been formed, not long since, by the Jesuits -in France and Portugal, and to have been almost ripe for execution; -but were happily discovered before it was too late, and prevented; -yet these Jesuits were all Frenchmen or Portuguese. Neither are there -wanting examples of this sort, even in the history of our own country, -in the reigns of Charles I., Charles II. and James II. The greater -part of the nobility, gentry, divines, and lawyers, were detected in a -conspiracy against the lives and properties of their fellow-subjects, -and the religion and liberty of this kingdom was dragged to the very -brink of destruction; yet these conspirators appear, to the best of -my remembrance of the histories of those times, to have been all, -with the exception of a few Scotchmen, Englishmen. These undeniable -facts are sufficient to warn us against the fatal consequences of -credulity, and the danger of trusting to the outward appearances I -have been describing, however fair. Let us not, therefore, shut our -ears to the cries of the streets, nor turn away our eyes from the -lamentations of the news-papers. Let us not be cozened by the arts of -crafty and designing men, who maliciously and falsely represent them as -the counterfeit tears, the groans and wailings of hired mourners; the -snarling, roaring, and howling, of ravenous faction; or the hooting, -cackling, and braying, of a wayward and deluded mob: they are the -generous and noble calls of liberty; the genuine voice of the venerable -and sacred multitude, neither provoked by private resentment, nor -bribed by promises, nor awed by fear, nor urged by hunger, nor sold for -gain. - -I have read almost every Pamphlet and Paper that has been published -within these five years on political subjects, with equal delight and -astonishment at the deep and comprehensive judgment, wit, spirit, -and humour, with which many of them are manifestly written; and I -congratulate with my countrymen, on the rapid progress we are making -in this art. Their erudition I have not mentioned, it having been -discovered to be of no use at all in the knowledge or exercise of this -art. It is an observation of the great lord Bacon, that a man will -never get to the end of his journey, if he happens to mistake the way, -and go the wrong road; which he has clearly proved in his immortal -treatises, Novum Organum, and De Augmentis Scientiarum. Now, men had -been taught to believe, until very lately, before the discovery of -a direct road, and a short cut, that the composition of a professed -politician required as many and as great a variety of ingredients, -as Cicero’s orator, or the knight-errant of Don Quixote: accordingly -the great baron Montesquieu confesseth, That after the hardy study -and drudgery of twenty-five years, by day and by night, consumed in -the production of two small volumes; he believed them, on mature -revisal, unworthy of the public; in a fit of despair dashed them -against the wall; and had not the wall, as he affirms, returned them, -they would never have been heard of. Since this discovery was made, -which I shall explain hereafter, it has been found out, to the saving -of much labour, that the study of ancient and modern history, laws, -treaties, political systems, &c. is mere loss of time, and downright -pedantry. There are very few of our modern politicians to be seen now -adays, bestrewed with learned dust, like Pope’s politician; or smelling -of the lamp, like Demosthenes; or lean, like Cassius, with constant -meditation; or pale and blind with poring over Tacitus, Aristotle, -Plato, Montesquieu, Harrington, Sidney, or Locke. They have heard that -these books contain nothing more than a parcel of crude maxims, or -the idle dreams of unpractised pedants and schoolmen; declamations on -liberty, which any man in this country may learn at his leisure, in -the first company he chances to meet, over a dish of coffee, or over a -bottle; general arguments in behalf of the rights of mankind, which, -according to Cicero, every man is taught by instinct; Est igitur hæc -judices non scripta, sed nata lex, quam non didicimus, accipimus, -legimus; verùm ex naturâ ipsâ, arripuimus, hausimus, expressimus; and -the visions of vain projectors, stuffed with ridiculous notions, and -impracticable doctrines; such as that it may not be altogether safe -nor proper for the whole body of a great nation, any more than for any -private person, to eat or drink, or sleep, or dress, or sing, or dance, -or game too much: that it is possible, even for a maritime power, to -carry on too much trade: that drunkenness, adultery, bribing, and -perjury, at elections, are not very commendable practices: that even -annual parliaments, nevertheless, may be more eligible than septennial -ones, especially as many of its members may happen to learn as much -of the business of the senate at the end of six months as at the -conclusion of seven years: that a standing army, in time of peace, may -be dangerous to liberty, unless it should be voted by the legislative -power, although the officers who composed it were forty times more -valiant than the rest of their fellow-subjects, and just as honest -and virtuous as ninety-nine in a hundred of them; tamen miserrimum -est posse si velit: that a militia cannot well be too numerous, even -though the consumption of silk, or velvet, or lace, or ribbands, or -trinkets, should be thereby considerably diminished, and even though it -should be necessary to discipline it on the seventh day of every week: -that it may be possible in the nature of things for large fleets to -transport armies an hundred miles, and land them safely within sixty -miles of a great, unwarlike, and defenceless capital: that the king, -even of a free people, may be legally and constitutionally possessed -of certain instruments, engines, and powers, of unfailing efficacy, in -times of general depravity; by means of which, if he chance, instead of -being the friend and father of his people, to be wicked, an usurper, -and a tyrant, he may gain over, to any purpose he pleases, the souls -and bodies of three-fourths of them: that a free people, not clearly -discerning the reciprocal duties of protection and obedience, and prone -to confound the frenzy of sedition with the modesty of true liberty, -may, peradventure, tumultuously and violently obstruct the execution -of the known laws of the land, madly insult, in the public streets, -a prince devoted to their happiness, threaten to blow out the brains -of his friends and servants, and attempt to overawe the senate, in -the very midst of their public deliberations: that some care should -be taken to prevent such enormities from creeping into a free state: -in short, as there never had been any man, according to the unanimous -opinion of all divines and philosophers, who had ever written on -virtue, so perfectly good, but he might still be made somewhat better; -so all these politicians agreed, that no constitution was ever so -nicely and exactly framed, but it might possibly admit some addition -or amendment; turpiterque desperatur quicquid fieri potest. Such -(with many other wild projects and strange fancies of the like sort) -were the whimsical contents of these famous writings, that had once -made so much noise in the world. They are now universally neglected -and exploded; they may cry aloud, but no man regardeth them. As lord -Bacon was the first who shewed the right way to the study of natural -philosophy, so Machiavel, a man of the most abundant invention, the -most magnanimous resolution, and the most consummate abilities, was -the first of all the moderns who discovered and pointed out the direct -and short road to the art of political writing: and as the Whole Duty -of Man was calculated for the service and benefit of private families, -so Il Principe, that transcendant composition, that master-piece -of the human genius, was designed, by its immortal author, for the -instruction of royal families only, as the title of it implies, and -consecrated to the use of kings and princes. It had no sooner made -its appearance among them, than it was beheld with admiration, read -with avidity, applied with success, and became the standing rule of -politics among all the potentates of Europe, even among the kings -of Great Britain, until the Revolution; at which time, by means of -certain innovations, and the introduction of some new-fangled opinions, -it lost all credit with them, and has never recovered it to this day; -nevertheless, as every man in this kingdom is intitled to some share in -the government of it, it becomes his duty likewise to inform himself in -what manner it may be best governed; and in researches of this kind, -these golden rules, which the king had overlooked, or neglected, or -despised, his subjects happily discovered, adopted, and practised. -That this discovery has been made, is plain to every body who has read -the Prince of Machiavel, and the writings of our modern politicians. -Many a man too may remember how much he was surprized at the novelty -of a book, which, with the most mortifying scorn, contradicted every -opinion and principle that he had imbibed from his mother, or had been -taught by his father, or his schoolmaster; the avowed design of it -being to prove, that dissimulation, hypocrisy, fraud, lying, cruelty, -treachery, assassination, and massacres, were not only commodious and -expedient, on certain occasions, but that they were moral, political, -and positive duties: that all men who did not believe in these unerring -rules, were either fools, or madmen; and that all nations who had -not, or did not, put them in constant practice, had been, or must -be, infallibly undone. He did not, indeed, expressly include slander -and defamation by name; conceiving, probably, that they were fully -comprehended under the articles of lying and assassination, and that it -was a mere matter of indifference, to ninety-nine men in an hundred, -whether you plundered them of the characters of honest men, and good -citizens, or knocked out their brains. Happily for this deluded nation, -we have now among us many disciples of this renowned politician, of -considerable eminence and proficiency: to their united and zealous -efforts for the common weal, we are indebted (perhaps before it is -too late) for many useful and salutary discoveries; such as that -********, under all the fair appearances of candor and humanity; -the sacred semblance of unblemished truth, justice, and mercy; the -specious disguise of the most unambitious and unaffected love of all -his fellow-creatures, concealed the dark and dangerous designs of a -Tiberius: that *****, who had been called from retirement and the study -of philosophy to the instruction of his ****, and who had cajoled -all that knew him into an obstinate belief that he was a nobleman of -distinguished honour and virtue, an accomplished scholar, a munificent -patron of learning and the arts, an upright counsellor, an eloquent -senator, and an able statesman, was at the bottom a knave, a dunce, -a traitor, a bashaw, a Gaveston, a Wolsey, a Buckingham, a Sejanus: -that *****, who had passed almost universally for a patrician of a -most amiable, unreserved, and generous nature, beloved by his friends -and his equals, for his noble and ingenuous manners; as courteous and -affable to his inferiors, as if his high birth and fortune had not -given him a right of prescription to insult them; of great humanity, -kindness, and beneficence; a citizen warmly attached to the interests -of his country; a statesman who had executed, during half a century, -the highest employments of government with zeal and integrity; had sat -in the councils, and joined in the suffrages of our patriot ministers, -in the most illustrious period of our annals, and had spent his whole -life in the uniform support of liberty; that this very patrician could -hardly prove a single claim either to the virtues of social life, the -merit of public services, the authority of experience, or even to -the common privileges of age, and deserved to be treated as a very -drunkard, a glutton, and an old woman: that ****, the arch-magician, -who, by virtue of irresistible spells and incantations, and by the -powers of certain wonderful and stupendous operations, unknown to all -but himself, and the great magicians of ancient times, had palmed -himself upon the universal people, not only of Great Britain, but of -almost the whole globe, as the deliverer of his country, the colossus -of the age; as a philosopher, statesman, and patriot of the first -magnitude; possessing the genius, experience, eloquence, and consummate -abilities of Pericles, and the virtues of Epaminondas; the decus -imperii, the spes suprema senatus; was, after all, an impudent babbler, -a profligate villain, a shameless turncoat, a pensioned hireling, -a fawning minion, a common bully, a pernicious and treacherous -counsellor, a prodigal squanderer of the blood and treasures of his -fellow-subjects; in short, a madman, and the perdition of his country. -These and many other discoveries of the same kind, equally new and -important, are known and familiar to all men, who have studied the -works of our modern politicians, and sufficiently evince the progress -we have made in this art; yet it appears to be still far short of the -perfection to which it was carried by the ancients, as I have already -lamented; otherwise, with half the honest pains they have taken to -accomplish it, the **** would have been d----d long ago; his friends -and servants torn in pieces one after another, like the De Witts, -and other betrayers of their country, and their names, like theirs, -consigned to perpetual infamy. As our political writings unhappily have -not yet reached that last perfection, neither has our music. To such as -have never happened to read the works of Aristotle, Plato, Quinctilian, -and others of the ancients, what I have to say about the latter art, -may possibly appear somewhat extraordinary. It is, nevertheless, very -certain, they all considered music not only as an important, but as an -indispensable part of the qualifications of a politician; Non igitur, -frustra, Plato civili viro, quem politicon vocant, necessariam musicen -credidit, says Quinctilian. It was one of the fundamental laws of -the republic of Arcadia, that every man should learn music until he -was thirty years of age. Themistocles the Athenian was treated as a -vain boaster, for pretending that he could make a great kingdom of a -small one, without availing himself of its assistance. The rigid and -austere lawgiver of Sparta carefully mingled it with the composition -of his renowned government, used it on all occasions with incredible -efficacy, and by this means preserved it from corruption, for seven -hundred years. The wise Socrates studied it with uncommon assiduity -and success: and Pythagoras boldly declared, that the great system of -the universe was framed on its principles, and governed by its powers; -in short, that it was all in all. Music, in their acceptation of the -word, indeed, had somewhat of a more comprehensive meaning than it has -at present; including not only stringed instruments, wind instruments, -rope instruments, parchment instruments, bone and iron instruments, but -poetry likewise, and many other sorts of harmony. Of this marvellous -art we have hitherto but imperfect ideas. Shakespear just hints at it, -and freely gives it as his opinion, that the man who knows it not, must -be a traitor, a villain, and a murderer. Mr. Pope too conceived that -the music of Mr. Handel had a remarkable influence over the passions -and affections. Handel learned the little he knew of this art from the -Romans, who, according to Quinctilian, surpassed all the nations of the -world in their martial music, as much as they excelled them in their -military achievements; Quid, autem aliud in nostris legionibus, cornua, -ac tubæ faciunt? Quorum concentus, quanto est vehementior, tantum -Romana in bellis gloria cæteris præstat. And at this day the Roman or -Italian music, depraved, corrupted, and enervated as it is become in -the course of two thousand years, has no inconsiderable power over the -minds of our legislators, statesmen, and warriors. The force of it -has been felt in France, a country not much renowned for this art. M. -Voltaire insinuates, that a song in the time of Calvin, the burden of -which was, O Moines, O Moines, &c. contributed more than any thing to -the noble struggle a part of that country made, for forty years, in -defence of their religious liberty. So well aware was our Edward I. of -its universal power, that he could never assure himself of the perfect -and lasting conquest of Wales, until he had murdered all the Welsh -bards. If I mistake not, he attempted to do the same by the bards of -Scotland: the immortal Ossian escaped him; and his music, calculated -with the most consummate political art to inspire the breasts of -all his countrymen with every passion, affection, sentiment, and -principle of heroic virtue, that might make them happy at home, beloved -and respected by their friends, and terrible to their enemies, the -Norwegians, Irish, or English, was reserved until some great occasion -should call it forth; and accordingly did not make its appearance until -very lately. Something of the same kind was immediately attempted by -our English bards, with the wise and benevolent intention of inspiring -and instructing their countrymen; but not, I believe, with quite the -same success. Some compositions, however, we have that are not without -a considerable share of merit; among which there is, for instance, -a well-known jig, I cannot name, that is observed to produce a very -sensible effect upon our young men and women. Our sportsmen never -cease to shout at, “With hounds, and with horn.” All men kindle at, -“Britons strike home,” “Britannia rule the waves,” &c. Every man must -have remarked the unusual loyalty which never fails to appear in the -countenances of a whole audience at the excellent music of, “God save -great George our king. Happy,” &c. Lullybylero, according to bishop -Burnet, was sung by every man, woman, and child, throughout the whole -kingdom, until the very person of every Irishman was contemptible and -odious for near half a century. And I do not despair that some able -and skilful bard may hereafter arise, truly penetrated and inspired by -the patriot love we bear our country, and thoroughly inflamed with that -manly and generous indignation we feel at the very name of a Scot, who, -by means of a song or a ballad, may awaken the fury of an angry people, -dissolve the union, and cut the throat of every North Briton in the -kingdom. - - -THE END. - - - - -ERRATUM. - - -For capital, p. 21. l. 8. from the bottom, read Capitol. - - - - -Transcriber’s Notes - -Minor errors in punctuation have been fixed. - -The Erratum has been applied. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMARKS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF -THE STUDY OF POLITICAL PAMPHLETS, WEEKLY PAPERS, PERIODICAL PAPERS, -DAILY PAPERS, POLITICAL MUSIC, &C *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |