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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78107 ***
+
+
+
+
+                      BODY-BUILD AND ITS INHERITANCE
+
+                                    BY
+                        CHARLES BENEDICT DAVENPORT
+  DIRECTOR OF DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
+
+           [Illustration: CARNEGIE INSTITUTE OF WASHINGTON 1902]
+
+            PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
+                         WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 1923
+
+
+
+
+                    CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
+                            PUBLICATION NO. 329
+
+                PAPER NO. 35 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS
+
+                             JUDD & DETWEILER
+                                WASHINGTON
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+This study of the hereditary factors of body-build is an outgrowth of
+the author’s activities in the office of the Surgeon-General of the Army
+during the World War, where he was in charge of anthropology. In the
+examination of thousands of young men the extraordinary diversity of
+build was a striking fact. The question of its genetic basis arose and
+the desire was stimulated to find out if those physiologists are correct
+who account for variations from average build solely on the ground of
+special conditions of food intake and activity, and generally disregard
+the possibility that factors of heredity are involved. It was anticipated
+that the study would be a minor one. But, on account of the wealth of
+family data at the Eugenics Record Office, the task assumed unexpectedly
+large proportions. Much correspondence had to be undertaken to secure
+confirmation or correction of the records, and the period of analysis of
+the materials grew from months into years, while the manuscript of the
+text and tables accumulated.
+
+Though it has added much to the bulk of the volume, it has seemed
+desirable to print full details about the more critical cases.
+Geographical location, race, occupation, and diseases have been generally
+given because they all bear upon build. The height and weight are of
+course given, and these are usually in English measurements, since
+they were first reported in that system. They are given in brief form
+thus: “120/63 inches”; which means that the subject weighed 120 pounds
+(usually including clothing) and was 63 inches tall (without shoes).
+The word “inches” is added as an indicator of the system of measurement
+employed. In other cases English measures, or indices based on them,
+are placed in parenthesis in accordance with scientific custom. Net
+relative chest-girths, where given, are based on measurements taken just
+below the axilla, are reduced to “on skin” measurements by subtracting
+3 centimeters for summer clothing and 6 centimeters for indoor winter
+clothing, and are divided by net stature.
+
+To this book many persons have contributed. Hundreds have furnished
+data on the Records of Family Traits. Dr. Bret Ratner kindly responded
+to my request by having daily measurements made on 11 infants during
+the first 10 days of life. The photographs of men of standard build
+were contributed by Dr. George L. Meylan; the photographs of boys on
+plate 3 were obtained for me by Dr. William Burdick, of the Playground
+Association of Baltimore. Through the kindness of Mr. Carle O. Warren,
+of the Marquand School, Brooklyn, the photographs of boys of various ages
+shown on plates 4 to 6 were secured. Dr. Harvey G. Beck and Dr. L. F.
+Barker gave permission for the republication from Barker’s “Endocrinology
+and Metabolism” of the photographs at the bottom of plate 8. The families
+who have, on request, furnished special data are too numerous to mention.
+To all of the foregoing I desire to express sincerest thanks.
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                      PAGE
+
+  PREFACE                                                              iii
+
+  PART I. Build, its definition and its ontogeny                         3
+
+      A. General considerations                                          3
+
+          Types of variation in build                                    4
+
+          The measurement of build                                       4
+
+          Ontogenetic                                                    4
+
+          Adult                                                          5
+
+          Sexual differences in build                                    5
+
+          Racial differences in build                                    7
+
+          Geographical differences in build                              7
+
+      B. The ontogeny of build                                           8
+
+          Materials and methods                                          8
+
+          The ontogenetic curve of build                                11
+
+          Later ontogenetic changes in individual build                 16
+
+          Relation of juvenile to adult build                           19
+
+  PART II. Mass studies in heredity of adult build                      22
+
+      Methods and materials                                             23
+
+      The adult index of build                                          24
+
+      Classification of build                                           26
+
+      Significance of variations in build                               28
+
+      Diseases in relation to build                                     29
+
+      Mass study of variation and heredity in build                     36
+
+      Regression of progeny toward mediocrity                           37
+
+      Hypothesis                                                        40
+
+      Mate selection in build                                           44
+
+      The basal tables                                                  46
+
+  PART III. Family studies in heredity of build                         51
+
+      A. Statement of problem                                           51
+
+      B. Discussion of special matings                                  51
+
+          CLASS I. Both parents slender                                 51
+
+              Mating 1. One parent is very slender of slender stock;
+                the other slender                                       51
+
+              Mating 2. Both parents are slender, of slender stock      53
+
+              Mating 3. Other slender × very slender matings            54
+
+              Mating 4. Other slender × slender matings                 56
+
+              Summary of slender × slender matings                      68
+
+          CLASS II. Both parents fleshy                                 69
+
+              Mating 1. One parent is very fleshy, the other fleshy
+                of fleshy stock                                         69
+
+              Mating 2. Both parents fleshy of fleshy stock             77
+
+              Mating 3. Other very fleshy × very fleshy matings         80
+
+              Summary                                                   85
+
+          CLASS III. Mating of slender with fleshy stock. The F₁
+            generation                                                  86
+
+              Mating 1. One parent slender, of slender stock, the
+                other fleshy of fleshy stock                            86
+
+              Mating 2. Other slender × fleshy matings                  93
+
+              Mating 3. Very slender × very fleshy                      97
+
+              Mating 4. Slender × very fleshy matings                   98
+
+              Summary                                                  105
+
+          CLASS IV. Matings of probably heterozygous parents. The
+            F₂ generation                                              107
+
+              Mating 1. Both parents either medium or fleshy, and
+                probably carrying gametes for slenderness as well
+                as fleshiness                                          107
+
+              Mating 2. Other medium × medium matings                  118
+
+              Summary and discussion                                   119
+
+          CLASS V. The back cross                                      119
+
+              Mating 1. Heterozygous medium or fleshy × slender        119
+
+              Mating 2. Fleshy × heterozygous fleshy parents           132
+
+              Summary and discussion                                   140
+
+      C. General discussion                                            141
+
+          Heredity and environment in build                            141
+
+          Endocrine glands as links between chromosomes and somatic
+            qualities                                                  145
+
+          Evidence of segregation in the heredity of build             146
+
+          On the number of factors involved in fleshy build            149
+
+      D. Summary of conclusions                                        152
+
+  Appendix                                                             155
+
+  Literature cited                                                     175
+
+  Plates                                                               177
+
+
+
+
+BODY-BUILD AND ITS INHERITANCE
+
+                  BY
+      CHARLES BENEDICT DAVENPORT
+  _Director of Department of Genetics,
+  Carnegie Institution of Washington_
+
+
+
+
+PART I.
+
+BUILD, ITS DEFINITION AND ITS ONTOGENY.
+
+
+
+
+A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
+
+
+If a hundred men of about the same stature be compared, it is seen
+that they vary greatly in weight. At the same time they vary in form,
+and especially in bulk. This variation is popularly recognized by the
+variety of terms applied to build. It may be of interest to pause a
+moment to consider popular terminology relating to build. We have, first,
+terms expressing a marked deviation below the normal build. We speak of
+persons as “slender,” “thin,” “gaunt,” “slim,” “slight,” “spare,” “lank,”
+and “spindling.” These terms are not exactly synonyms. “Lank” implies
+angularity; “gaunt” connotes the ravage of disease; “thin” connotes
+a loss of weight; “slight” connotes lightness and smallness of bone;
+“spindling” is used especially of youth in the period of rapid growth
+preceding adolescence; “slim” has a faint connotation of insufficiency;
+“slender” best expresses the idea which we shall want to use in this work
+where we have a relatively small interest in stature and where we wish
+to avoid connotation of disease, developmental changes, etc. In other
+languages there exists a series of terms which similarly differ slightly
+in connotation. Thus, in French, there is “maigre,” in German “mager,”
+which often connote a loss of weight through disease, “dünn,” which
+connotes loss of a former more nearly average weight, and “schlank,”
+which is close to the English “slender.” On the other hand, the English
+language contains a variety of terms applicable to deviation in build
+above the average. Thus we have the words “stout,” “portly,” “fleshy,”
+“corpulent,” “thick-set,” “obese,” “chubby,” and “fat.” The word “stout”
+usually carries a connotation of vigor. The term “portly” connotes large
+size with a tendency to excessively great circumference. “Fleshy” is
+nearly synonymous with “portly” but has less connotation of majesty of
+size. “Corpulent” usually carries a connotation of abdominal enlargement.
+“Thick-set” implies a large bony frame. “Obese” frequently connotes
+excessive, strictly pathological, increase of build. “Chubby” is applied
+especially to infants. “Fat” connotes excessive production of fat in the
+body, as opposed to an unusually large muscular development. Perhaps of
+all of these terms “fleshy” is as satisfactory as any as an expression
+for build without connotation in respect to degree or source of great
+weight, whether due to fat, muscle, or bone. In the German language there
+are the terms, “plump,” and “schwerfällig,” which serve to express large
+build. In the French language there are the terms, “gros,” “obese,”
+and “embonpoint,” which is near to the English equivalent “stout” or
+“fleshy.” In the present work the term “fleshy” is used, despite its
+slight suggestion of muscular development merely, largely because it
+begins with a different letter from slender. The word “slender” will be
+used for the other extreme of build. It has been found convenient to
+indicate those terms by their initial letters “S” and “F” respectively.
+
+Our main problem is, in how far does this difference in build between
+slender and fleshy persons depend on constitutional factors?
+
+
+TYPES OF VARIATION IN BUILD.
+
+Two types of variation in build have to be distinguished: (_a_) the
+ontogenetic change in normal build during development with increasing
+stature, and (_b_) the change in weight in adults of relatively
+invariable stature. In type _a_, stature and other proportions are
+rapidly changing, but in type _b_, stature remains constant, and,
+throughout the race, stature does not differ as much in mature persons as
+it does from birth to maturity. These two types follow different laws and
+must be studied by different methods. Consequently they are considered in
+distinct parts of the present paper.
+
+
+THE MEASUREMENT OF BUILD.
+
+It is now necessary to consider how build may best be expressed
+quantitatively. The subject of the best index of build has been much
+discussed, but without sufficiently differentiating between the two types
+of variation in build, the ontogenetic and the adult. One of the latest
+authors to consider the matter is Bardeen (1920, p. 486), who mentions
+the desirability of recording the volume of the body as a whole, notes
+its impracticability, and concludes that we may estimate volume from
+weight. It may, however, be doubted if volume is really involved in the
+popular notion of build. At least, it is equally probable that the idea
+of build, as popularly conceived, is a relation of transverse to vertical
+diameters. When I look at a man, or a photograph of one as in plate 1,
+and think, “he is slender,” it is because I make a mental comparison of
+his breadth (of shoulders or chest) with his height and find that his
+breadth in comparison with that of most men I know of that height is
+small; or if he is stout the diameter of the chest is large in relation
+to stature (plate 2). It seems probable that breadth in relation to
+height gives the best expression of the popular idea of build. By the use
+of this relation, build can be easily expressed for any age, since chest
+circumference (which bears a nearly constant relation to chest diameter)
+has been recorded for many persons of all ages.
+
+_Ontogenetic._—Since in so many children and young people the stature and
+chest circumference have been measured, it is possible to use these data
+in finding the law of normal ontogenetic changes in build from birth
+to maturity. This ratio, chest-girth ÷ stature, has thus been used in
+discussing this law, as more fully described in section B. This relation
+can be used for tracing the change in build of the same developing child
+or for tracing the average change of build.
+
+_Adult._—In the study of adult changes of build we start with the
+condition that in the individual the stature is fixed. Consequently, in
+an individual whose weight is changing, the relation of the build at _a_
+years is to that at another period _n_ years later as chest-girth at
+_a_ years : chest-girth at _a_ + _n_ years. Thus, in the adult period,
+changes of build are proportional to chest-girth. In different persons,
+of differing stature, the stature has to be taken into account, and the
+differences in build are measured by the relation of relative chest-girth
+as in children. Unfortunately, in our study of heredity in adult build,
+we usually do not know the chest-girth of the different members of the
+family, but only their stature and weight. Our problem is, then, to find
+a relation between chest-girth and weight that will enable us to infer
+the one from the other. This problem will be further considered in a
+later section (p. 24).
+
+
+SEXUAL DIFFERENCES IN BUILD.
+
+Sex influences the body so profoundly that we have, first of all, to
+consider its influence on build, either in early or in adult stages. At
+birth there is, on the average, a difference between the sexes in weight.
+The male is about 2.5 per cent heavier than the female (3,310 : 3,230
+grams in German children, Daffner, 1902, p. 125, quoting Hecker;
+3,606 : 3,485 grams in American children, Benedict and Talbot, 1915).
+But this does not imply that the boy baby is the chubbier, since the
+boy baby is longer by about 1.7 per cent than the girl baby. There is
+no obvious difference in the chubbiness of the sexes at birth. Likewise,
+in later infancy no obvious difference has been detected, though no
+thoroughgoing studies have been made on this subject. In childhood and
+youth children of different sex differ in build on the average, but this
+is because the form of the ontogenetic curve of build is very different.
+After maturity and cessation of growth, there is a marked difference in
+form between the sexes. The female has more subcutaneous fat and appears
+plumper. If the criterion of weight be applied, the complication arises
+that the specific gravity of the female seems to be less than that of
+the male (Bardeen, 1920, p. 488, following Meeh, 1895). As found by
+Medico-Actuarial Mortality investigations of the Associated Life
+Insurance Medical Directors of the Actuarial Society of America,
+1912, volume I, p. 251: “The difference in weight between men and
+women of the same height is slight under the age of 20, but above
+that age young men are distinctly heavier than young women, the
+difference becoming less marked as they grow older. The tall women
+are markedly lighter than men of the same height.” The main reason
+for the greater weight of young men is their relatively much greater
+chest circumference.
+
+
+TABLE 1.—_The distribution of frequencies of the various classes of build
+of offspring derived from the various types of matings._
+
+SUMMATION TABLE, MALES ONLY. BASED ON TABLE 11.
+
+  +-------+----------+-----------+-----------------------------+---------+
+  |       |          |           |  Build of male offspring.   | Total   |
+  |Type of|  No. of  |  No. of   +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+  No.    |
+  |mating.| matings. | children. |     |     |     |     |     |male and |
+  |       |          |           |  VS |  S  |  M  |  F  |  VF | female  |
+  |       |          |           |     |     |     |     |     |children.|
+  +-------+----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---------+
+  | VS×S  |     4    |      5    |  1  |   2 |   1 |   1 |   0 |     11  |
+  | VS×M  |     8    |     11    |  0  |   2 |   7 |   2 |   0 |     28  |
+  | VS×F  |     5    |     12    |  0  |   1 |   4 |   6 |   1 |     25  |
+  |  S×S  |    23    |     29    |  1  |  21 |   7 |   0 |   0 |     47  |
+  |  S×M  |   101    |    172    |  0  |  12 | 116 |  38 |   6 |    306  |
+  |  S×F  |    49    |     88    |  1  |   5 |  51 |  30 |   1 |    155  |
+  |  S×VF |    11    |     23    |  0  |   3 |   8 |  10 |   2 |     34  |
+  |  M×M  |    92    |    178    |  0  |  18 | 117 |  40 |   3 |    327  |
+  |  M×F  |   114    |    194    |  0  |   9 | 118 |  58 |   9 |    340  |
+  |  M×VF |    30    |     59    |  1  |   3 |  21 |  24 |  10 |    112  |
+  |  F×F  |    33    |     77    |  3  |  30 |  34 |   6 |   4 |    156  |
+  |  F×VF |    30    |     57    |  0  |   0 |  22 |  28 |   7 |    100  |
+  | VF×VF |     7    |     21    |  0  |   0 |   9 |   3 |   9 |     30  |
+  |       +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---------+
+  | Total |   507    |    926    |  7  | 106 | 515 | 246 |  52 |  1,671  |
+  +-------+----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---------+
+  |   Average build              |25.00|29.03|33.64|39.15|49.09|         |
+  +------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---------+
+
+                 Average male index of build, 35.81 ± .12.
+                     Standard deviation, 5.33 ± .084.
+
+
+TABLE 2.—_The distribution of frequencies of the various classes of build
+of offspring derived from the various types of matings._
+
+SUMMATION TABLE, FEMALES ONLY. BASED ON TABLE 11A.
+
+  +-------+----------+-----------+-----------------------------+
+  |       |          |           |  Build of female offspring. |
+  |Type of|  No. of  |  No. of   +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |mating.| matings. | children. |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |       |          |           |  VS |  S  |  M  |  F  |  VF |
+  |       |          |           |     |     |     |     |     |
+  +-------+----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  | VS×S  |     4    |      6    |  1  |   4 |   1 |   0 |   0 |
+  | VS×M  |     8    |     17    |  1  |   5 |  10 |   0 |   0 |
+  | VS×F  |     5    |     13    |  1  |   4 |   6 |   1 |   1 |
+  |  S×S  |    23    |     18    |  4  |  11 |   3 |   0 |   0 |
+  |  S×M  |   101    |    134    |  0  |  36 |  78 |  15 |   5 |
+  |  S×F  |    49    |     67    |  2  |  16 |  29 |  19 |   1 |
+  |  S×VF |    11    |     11    |  0  |   1 |   6 |   4 |   0 |
+  |  M×M  |    92    |    149    |  2  |  21 |  81 |  41 |   4 |
+  |  M×F  |   114    |    146    |  0  |  19 |  90 |  30 |   7 |
+  |  M×VF |    30    |     53    |  1  |   4 |  29 |  12 |   7 |
+  |  F×F  |    33    |     79    |  0  |  12 |  30 |  27 |  10 |
+  |  F×VF |    30    |     43    |  0  |   3 |  16 |  14 |  10 |
+  | VF×VF |     7    |      9    |  0  |   0 |   5 |   3 |   1 |
+  |       +----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  | Total |   507    |    745    | 12  | 136 | 384 | 167 |  46 |
+  +-------+----------+-----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |   Average build              |24.17|28.69|33.41|39.23|46.76|
+  +------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+
+                Average female index of build, 34.54 ± .13.
+                      Standard deviation, 5.13 ± .09.
+
+Proceeding by a method to be developed later, I have divided adult build
+into five classes, and counted for the various matings the number of
+children falling into each. (See tables 1 and 2.) The average index of
+build, obtained from the individual indices of build, is 2.52 (metric
+system) or 35.81 ± 0.12 (English system) for males, and 2.43 (34.54 ±
+0.13) for females, a difference of only 3.7 per cent in favor of the
+males, a difference that for our purposes can be neglected. A separation
+of the sexes in our studies will therefore be, ordinarily, not attempted,
+and this has the advantage in giving us larger frequencies in our tables.
+
+
+RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN BUILD.
+
+That there are marked racial differences in build is notorious. The
+slender Scotchman (plate 1, fig. 3) is in striking contrast with the
+South Italian, Greek, or Russian Jew (plate 2, fig. 3). The Eskimo are
+noted for their fleshiness, but Arctic conditions seem to favor large
+build. (See Davenport and Love, 1921, p. 165.) Martin (1914, p. 248)
+gives an average body-build of 1.42 (2.3 our system) for South Russian
+Jews and 1.07 (1.7 our system) for Bushmen. Probably the Nilotic negroes
+are the slenderest race on earth (Martin, 191, p. 254; for photograph see
+Martin, p. 263, or Davenport, 1917, p. 347). The racial differences in
+body-build are so great that, when feasible, race should be taken into
+account in studies on body-build.
+
+
+GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES IN BUILD.
+
+Apart from race, it seems probable that climate influences build. The
+races that live in the north polar region are of stout build, but this
+may be a racial trait. On the other hand, the whites who come to live
+near the pole are heavier than those who live near the equator. This may
+be due to relative freedom in the subpolar area from certain diseases
+which reduce weight. There may, however, be a physiological response
+of the body to the long, cold winters. Whatever the explanation, men
+from Alaska were found, at mobilization of the United States Army in
+1917-18, to have a much higher index of build than those from any other
+region, i. e., 2.28 (32.41);[1] North Dakota and South Dakota came next,
+with indices of 2.24 (31.85) and 2.23 (31.73) respectively. These were
+followed by Montana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Contrariwise, the recruits
+from the Gulf States had a low index of build. Whatever the determining
+causes, geographical differences in build do exist. Consequently, in
+studies of build, it is desirable to consider the residences of the
+persons studied.
+
+[1] The method of measuring build is discussed at page 24. The smaller
+index (usually lying between 1.5 and 4.5) is the metric index. The
+larger index (20 up to 100) is the English system index, and is usually
+expressed without decimals.
+
+
+
+
+B. THE ONTOGENY OF BUILD.
+
+
+From the time of fertilization of the egg it proceeds on its course of
+development directed by its “hereditary factors,” but modifiable by the
+conditions offered by the environment. Thus is determined the weight of
+the baby at birth, and thus the build of the later stages to maturity
+are directed. It has seemed useful to measure the changes in build from
+birth to maturity, using the method of measuring build during development
+described in an earlier section (p. 4).
+
+
+MATERIALS AND METHODS.
+
+The materials available for such a study are considerable and may be
+drawn from a large number of different nationalities. A selection had to
+be made from this material; there were chosen the best available series
+from those nationalities most representative of the population of the
+United States, considering the diversity of its European origin. Two sets
+of data were utilized: first, collections of measurements made on males
+from 1 year to 21 years; second, some collections from children of both
+sexes from birth to 1 year of age.
+
+The first collection of data is gathered from nine sources, listed
+below. The data used are given in detail in table 3, which shows the
+number of individuals measured by each observer at each age, the average
+relative chest-girth at that age, and the average, for each age, of the
+different averages of the relative chest-girths formed by each observer.
+These averages are not weighted, since the racial stocks measured by the
+different observers differed. The average of each observer has therefore
+to be considered as a unit of nearly equal value with that of any other
+(table 3).
+
+  1. Quetelet (1870) data. As Quetelet’s original book was not
+  available, the data reprinted in Bardeen (1920, p. 544) were
+  used. Quetelet measured 10 persons at each age from 1 to 20 years
+  (and older). He selected his subjects with good judgment and
+  the resulting curve of varying build is remarkably smooth. The
+  subjects were doubtless Belgians.
+
+  2. Weissenberg (1911) data. These were gathered by observations
+  on South Russian Jews. The numbers observed ranged from 15 males
+  at birth to about 40 to 100 at later ages. This series is of
+  especial value because such large numbers of individuals of each
+  age were measured and because in it are considered only children
+  as near as possible to their birthdays; that is, as 2 or 3 year
+  old children were taken those of exactly 2 or 3 years ± 2 months;
+  as 4, 5, and 6 year olds, 4, 5, and 6 years ± 3 months; as 7 and
+  8 years, 7 or 8 years ± 4 months. For older children the even
+  year ± 5 months was taken. The measurement was taken at the line
+  of the nipples and below the lower apex of the scapulæ; chest
+  apparently at rest.
+
+  3. Benedict and Talbot (1920) data. These were gathered from
+  healthy children of Boston, Massachusetts. Girth was taken at
+  the nipples, in a quiescent condition. The number of individuals
+  considered at each age is small (1 to 9), but the data are
+  precious, because so few have been published for the period 2 to
+  5 years.
+
+  4. Masters Day Nursery data. Original, from measurements made
+  upon healthy children in New York City. The chest was measured at
+  the line of the nipples in a quiescent condition. The numbers are
+  small, 2 per year.
+
+  5. Town (1922) data. A special study of 5 and 6 year old children
+  of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. There were 31 and 11 children respectively.
+
+  6. Reitz (1904) data. A study of school children of Berlin,
+  Germany. Chest-girth measured “at rest.” From 23 to 209 at the
+  respective ages from 6 to 19 years, inclusive.
+
+  7. Baldwin (1921) data. A group of 60 boys of the well-to-do
+  class at the Horace Mann School, New York City, were measured
+  repeatedly in successive years from 7 to 17 years of age
+  inclusive. Chest at “normal” condition.
+
+  8. Godin (1903) data. Measurements taken annually on the same 100
+  boys in a French military school at St. Hippolyte-du-Fort, Gard.
+  Chest-girth below pectoralis in repose. Ages 13½ to 17 years
+  inclusive.
+
+  9. Hitchcock, Seeley, and Phillips (1900) data. Measurements made
+  on about 40 to 600 students at Amherst College at each age from
+  16 to 26 years inclusive. The chest-girth is made at the level of
+  the nipples and embraces the scapulæ.
+
+
+TABLE 3.—_Average relative chest-girth (chest girth + stature) at
+different ages from birth to maturity, males._
+
+[According to the observations of 9 sets of observers. The main entries
+of the table are given in 4 places of decimals (points omitted).
+Immediately to the left of each main entry is given the number of persons
+measured to obtain that average. The column on the extreme right gives
+the (unweighted) average of the averages standing on the same line.]
+
+  +--------+------------+---------------+-----------+-----------+--------+
+  |        |1. Quetelet.|2. Weissenberg.|3. Benedict|4. Masters |5. Town.|
+  |        |            |               |and Talbot.|    Day    |        |
+  |  Time. |            |               |           |  Nursery. |        |
+  |        +-----+------+------+--------+-----+-----+----+------+---+----+
+  |        | No. | Avg. |  No. |  Avg.  | No. | Avg.| No.| Avg. |No.|Avg.|
+  +--------+-----+------+------+--------+-----+-----+----+------+---+----+
+  | Birth  |  10 | 5900 |      |  5511  |  3  | 6600|    |      |   |    |
+  | 1 year |  10 | 6300 |      |        |  3  | 6300|    |      |   |    |
+  | 2 years|  10 | 5850 |  38  |  6005  |  6  | 6060|    |      |   |    |
+  | 3 years|  10 | 5600 |  38  |  5803  |  1  | 5760|    |      |   |    |
+  | 4 years|  10 | 5430 |  38  |  5567  |  2  | 5600|    |      |   |    |
+  | 5 years|  10 | 5300 |  55  |  5353  |  4  | 5340|  2 | 5263 | 31|5082|
+  | 6 years|  10 | 5200 |  55  |  5208  |  4  | 5040|  2 | 5136 | 11|4990|
+  | 7 years|  10 | 5110 |  81  |  5058  |  7  | 5190|  2 | 5072 |   |    |
+  | 8 years|  10 | 5040 |  95  |  5030  |  7  | 5100|    |      |   |    |
+  | 9 years|  10 | 4990 | 112  |  5016  |  7  | 5060|    |      |   |    |
+  |10 years|  10 | 4950 | 132  |  4952  |  5  | 5150|    |      |   |    |
+  |11 years|  10 | 4920 | 117  |  4911  |  9  | 4950|    |      |   |    |
+  |12 years|  10 | 4910 | 103  |  4780  |  6  | 4810|    |      |   |    |
+  |13 years|  10 | 4900 | 115  |  4850  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |14 years|  10 | 4900 | 109  |  4866  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |15 years|  10 | 4910 | 102  |  4923  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |16 years|  10 | 4930 | 103  |  4888  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |17 years|  10 | 4970 | 108  |  4929  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |18 years|  10 | 5040 | 115  |  5046  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |19 years|  10 | 5110 | 116  |  5076  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |20 years|  10 | 5180 | 129  |  5040  |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |21 years|     |      |      |        |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  |25 years|     | 5250 |      |        |     |     |    |      |   |    |
+  +--------+-----+------+------+--------+-----+-----+----+------+---+----+
+
+  +--------+---------+-----------+---------+-------------+----------+
+  |        |6. Reitz.|7. Baldwin.|8. Godin.|9. Hitchcock.|          |
+  |        |         |           |         |             |          |
+  |  Time. |         |           |         |             |Unweighted|
+  |        +----+----+-----+-----+---+-----+------+------+ averages.|
+  |        | No.|Avg.| No. | Avg.|No.|Avg. | No.  | Avg. |          |
+  +--------+----+----+-----+-----+---+-----+------+------+----------+
+  | Birth  |    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   6004   |
+  | 1 year |    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   6300   |
+  | 2 years|    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   5972   |
+  | 3 years|    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   5721   |
+  | 4 years|    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   5532   |
+  | 5 years|    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   5268   |
+  | 6 years|    |    |     |     |   |     |      |      |   5115   |
+  | 7 years|    |    |  60 | 4852|   |     |      |      |   5056   |
+  | 8 years|    |    |  60 | 4821|   |     |      |      |   4998   |
+  | 9 years| 168|4573|  60 | 4805|   |     |      |      |   4889   |
+  |10 years| 181|4569|  60 | 4793|   |     |      |      |   4883   |
+  |11 years| 209|4595|  60 | 4740|   |     |      |      |   4823   |
+  |12 years| 189|4546|  60 | 4731|   |     |      |      |   4755   |
+  |13 years| 143|4542|  60 | 4762|100| 4966|      |      |   4804   |
+  |14 years| 158|4506|  60 | 4745|100| 5071|      |      |   4818   |
+  |15 years| 140|4550|  60 | 4813|100| 5166|      |      |   4872   |
+  |16 years| 117|4626|  60 | 4870|100| 5295|  40  | 5000 |   4935   |
+  |17 years|  70|4598|  60 | 4974|100| 5296| 250  | 4968 |   4956   |
+  |18 years|  40|4684|     |     |   |     | 600  | 5003 |   4943   |
+  |19 years|  23|4833|     |     |   |     | 600  | 5089 |   5027   |
+  |20 years|    |    |     |     |   |     | 600  | 5136 |   5119   |
+  |21 years|    |    |     |     |   |     | 600  | 5205 |   5205   |
+  |25 years|    |    |     |     |   |     |      | 5291 |   5271   |
+  +--------+----+----+-----+-----+---+-----+------+------+----------+
+
+Owing to the complex nature of the curve of build during the first year
+of development, special collections of data were made for this portion of
+the curve (table 4). They are listed as follows:
+
+  1. Original data contributed by Dr. Bret Ratner, pediatrician,
+  of New York, being measurements made in May and June, 1922, of
+  weight, length, and chest circumference on 11 babies at the
+  Manhattan Maternity Hospital during each of the first 10 days
+  after birth. There were 9 boys and 2 girls. Judging alone by the
+  surnames, there were apparently of British stock 6, of German
+  stock 2, of Italian stock 2, and of Spanish stock 1. It is very
+  difficult to measure length and chest-girth of infants. Length
+  “on birthday” was generally taken with the child suspended by its
+  feet, chest-girth with the chest as quiet as possible. The first
+  measurement was taken as soon as the baby was born, and each
+  morning thereafter at 8ʰ30ᵐ a.m. The later lengths were measured
+  on a graduated board.
+
+  2. New York Milk Station data collected by Miss Louise A. Nelson
+  and Miss Margaret R. Babcock, of the Eugenics Record Office
+  staff. They were made during May and June 1922, on healthy
+  babies, without clothing. The length was measured with the aid
+  of a graduated board. Boys and girls were both included, as at
+  this age their build is not very different, on the average. The
+  numbers ranged from 4 to 52 for the various months from 0.5 month
+  to 13 months by 0.5-month intervals.
+
+  3. Ratner advanced data. Original data secured by Dr. Bret Ratner
+  (at Manhattan Maternity Hospital, New York City, on healthy
+  children whose parents brought them repeatedly to the hospital)
+  and kindly given to the writer for this study. In this series,
+  observations are especially abundant at 1, 1.5, and 2 months (47,
+  170, and 30 cases respectively).
+
+  4. Grover (1915) data. Boys only among out-patients of the
+  Children’s Hospital, Boston, and visitors at milk stations. No
+  clothing. Chest measured at level of nipples, midway between
+  inspiration and expiration. Length measured on graduated board.
+  From 2 to 5 at each month of age.
+
+  5. Benedict and Talbot (1920) data. (See No. 3, p. 9.) One to 6
+  individuals at the various months.
+
+  6. Schmid-Monnard (1892) data. Copied from Bardeen (1920, page
+  542). Boys and girls measured at Frankfort am Main, Germany. 8 to
+  67 in respective months. Ages 1 to 13 months and up to 30 months.
+
+  7. Crum (1915) data. Average measurements of babies without
+  regard to sex, 193 to 264 per month, mostly baby-show babies and
+  hence strongly selected. Various parts of the United States.
+
+From the foregoing collections of data, tables 3, 4, and 5 were drawn
+up, giving for each age the mean relative chest-girth found by each
+observer. Also, the number of individuals upon which the measurement is
+based, necessary for weighting the mean. The mean of all measurements was
+weighted in table 4, but not in table 3 for the reasons stated on page 8.
+
+
+TABLE 4.—_Average relative chest-girth of infants from birth to 13
+months._
+
+[Obtained from 6 series of observations, described on pages 12, 13.
+The main entries of the table are given in 4 places of decimals (point
+omitted). Immediately to the left of each main entry is given the number
+of persons measured to obtain that average. The column at the extreme
+right gives the weighted averages of the averages standing in the same
+line.]
+
+  +----------+----------+----------+----------+
+  |          |          | 2. N. Y. |          |
+  |          |3. Ratner.|   Milk   |4. Grover.|
+  |  Time.   |          |(♂ and ♀.)|          |
+  |          +----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
+  |          | No.| Avg.| No.| Avg.| No.| Avg.|
+  +----------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
+  |2 weeks   |  32| 6641|  4 | 6533|    |     |
+  |1 month   |  47| 6602| 26 | 6504|  2 | 5861|
+  |1.5 months| 170| 6772| 36 | 6639|    |     |
+  |2 months  |  30| 6670| 52 | 6623|  4 | 6661|
+  |3 months  |  11| 6700| 49 | 6566|  3 | 6220|
+  |4 months  |  12| 6542| 39 | 6542|  3 | 6157|
+  |5 months  |  10| 6492| 26 | 6522|  3 | 6278|
+  |6 months  |   8| 6500| 39 | 6542|  5 | 6278|
+  |7 months  |  10| 6720| 27 | 6424|  3 | 6203|
+  |8 months  |   3| 6267| 23 | 6317|  4 | 6464|
+  |9 months  |   3| 6550| 26 | 6364|  3 | 6060|
+  |10 months |   2| 6200| 18 | 6431|  2 | 6237|
+  |11 months |   1| 6600| 13 | 6354|  2 | 5868|
+  |12 months |   1| 5800|  8 | 6271|  1 | 5691|
+  |13 months |    |     | 11 | 6186|    |     |
+  +----------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+
+
+  +----------+-----------+----------+----------+-----+
+  |          |           |6. Schmid |          |     |
+  |          |5. Benedict|   and    | 7. Crum. |     |
+  |  Time.   |and Talbot.| Monnard. |          |Aver.|
+  |          +----+------+----+-----+----+-----+     |
+  |          | No.| Avg. | No.| Avg.| No.| Avg.|     |
+  +----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+-----+
+  |2 weeks   |  3 | 6599 |    |     |    |     | 6627|
+  |1 month   |  2 | 6249 | 67 | 6280|    |     | 6419|
+  |1.5 months|  4 | 6574 |    |     |    |     | 6745|
+  |2 months  |  3 | 6765 | 44 | 6470|    |     | 6512|
+  |3 months  |  4 | 6529 | 37 | 6040|    |     | 6382|
+  |4 months  |  4 | 6304 | 30 | 6510|    |     | 6507|
+  |5 months  |  3 | 6455 | 37 | 6230|    |     | 6368|
+  |6 months  |  6 | 6117 | 27 | 6540| 259| 6556| 6540|
+  |7 months  |  3 | 6500 | 19 | 6240| 256| 6468| 6456|
+  |8 months  |  1 | 6308 | 16 | 6400| 232| 6470| 6450|
+  |9 months  |  4 | 6352 | 29 | 6160| 211| 6355| 6333|
+  |10 months |  2 | 6110 | 17 | 6400| 209| 6404| 6400|
+  |11 months |  1 | 6174 | 15 | 6120| 193| 6336| 6318|
+  |12 months |  1 | 6383 | 22 | 6090| 289| 6298| 6280|
+  |13 months |  1 | 6026 | 19 | 6080| 264| 6235| 6222|
+  +----------+-----------+----+-----+----+-----+-----+
+
+It will be observed that the means of build differ, for the constant age,
+more than do the differences between successive ages. That is to say, the
+absolute difference between races at any given age is greater than the
+average differences between one year and the next.
+
+The mean relative chest circumferences for the different ages are plotted
+in figure 2.
+
+
+THE ONTOGENETIC CURVE OF BUILD.
+
+The resulting curve of build from birth to maturity is given in figure 1.
+This curve shows that build in males is greatest at birth, or at about
+1 month, and that it then steadily diminishes to 12 years of age. It
+then slowly increases to maturity, and indeed to 30 years, after which it
+increases with extreme slowness, probably to 55 years.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 1.—Polygon of development of relative chest-girth,
+male.
+
+Abscissæ: Age in years. Ordinates (chest ÷ girth/stature) × 1000. Based
+on averages of the measurements of Quetelet (Belgians), Weissenberg
+(Russian Jews), Benedict and Talbot (U.S.A.), Masters Day Nursery, N. Y.
+City, Town (Iowa children), Gray and Jacobs (school boys, well-to-do),
+Reitz (Germans), Godin (French), Hitchcock (U.S.A. college men), Baldwin
+(N. Y. City schools).]
+
+From table 4A and the curve of build, figure 2, we see that the infant
+at birth has a chest-girth which is somewhat over two-thirds of stature
+(0.6685). It falls rapidly to one month after birth, and then begins to
+rise. This minimum is connected with the loss of weight which follows
+birth, and is due to the difficulty of making adjustments to the new
+conditions which the organism has to meet. This adjustment is soon
+thereafter completed and within 2 months chest-girth and weight are not
+only recovered, but have caught up with increasing length of body. At 6
+weeks the body has reached its maximum post-natal chubbiness. Another
+temporary loss in chubbiness occurs at about 8 months, due perhaps to
+the cutting of the incisors. The decline which subsequently ensues is
+prevailingly due to the rapid growth of the legs without corresponding
+increase in transverse diameter (plates 3 and 4). At about 12 years the
+boy enters the awkward age when, his legs and arms having grown from 5
+to 10 cm. in a single year, he has not yet acquired muscular control
+of them (plate 7, fig. 2). At the same time his trunk retains childish
+proportions (plate 5, fig. 12). A little earlier than the boy, the girl
+enters the “Backfisch” stage of similar slenderness and awkwardness
+(plate 7, fig. 3, from Stratz, 1922, p. 258). It is commonly believed
+that this rapid growth of the appendages and their long bones is
+controlled by the secretions of the pituitary gland. Gradually in the
+boy, at 14 years, as the gonads begin to ripen, the growth of the legs is
+retarded and the transverse chest diameter begins to increase rapidly;
+the lad is quickly transformed into a broad-shouldered, broad-chested,
+stocky man (plate 3, fig. 3, plate 5, fig. 8) and accordingly the curve
+of build rises much more in the young man than in the young woman (plate
+7, figs. 4 and 5). Consequently the adult female build, as measured
+by relative chest circumference, is relatively small. At about 19 or
+20 years’ growth in stature has usually practically ceased. Meanwhile
+chest-girth increases slowly by the enlargement of trunk muscles and
+deposition of fat. Weight is, indeed, stated to increase, on the average,
+until the age of 55 years (tables 6 and 7).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 2.—Polygon of relative chest-girth in infants, from
+birth to fourteen months, with smoothed curve of build (dotted line).
+Data from New York Milk Stations and Dr. B. Ratner.]
+
+
+TABLE 4A.—_Weight, chest-girth, length of body, and relative chest-girth
+at birth and daily thereafter at 8ʰ30ᵐ for 10 days for 11 babies._
+
+[Data furnished by Bret Ratner, M.D., from Manhattan Maternity Hospital
+and Dispensary, New York City. Weight in grams; chest-girth and length
+in millimeters. Relative chest-girth in ten-thousandths. Final average
+relative chest girth is multiplied by 1.037 to adjust to Table 4.]
+
+  +---------------+---------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+  |               |Measurements,  |  At  |  1st  |  2nd  |  3d   |  4th
+  |               |    etc.       |birth.|  day. |  day. |  day. |  day.
+  +---------------+---------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+  |No. 1, male.   |{Weight        | 2126 |2084   |1970   |1899   |1885
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |   28 |  28   |  28   |  27.75|  27
+  | V 30, 2ʰ00ᵐ   |{Body-length   |   45 |  43.75|  43.13|  42.75|  43
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6400   |6493   |6491   |6279
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 2, male.   |{Weight        | 3472 |3494   |3423   |3366   |3430
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |   35 |  35   |  34.25|  33   |  33.5
+  | V 30, 2ʰ25ᵐ   |{Body-length   |   52 |  52.25|  51.5 |  50.75|  51.5
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6699   |6651   |6503   |6505
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 3, male.   |{Weight        | 2963 |2927   |2842   |2729   |2736
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |   33 |  32.25|  31   |  31   |  32
+  | V 30, 19ʰ35ᵐ  |{Body-length   |   50 |  50.5 |  49   |  49   |  49.25
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6386   |6327   |6327   |6498
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 4, male.   |{Weight        | 3558 |3487   |3303   |3154   |3204
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |   34 |  34   |  33.5 |  33.25|  34
+  | V 30, 13ʰ00ᵐ  |{Body-length   |   52 |  51   |  50   |  50   |  51.75
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6667   |6701   |6650   |6570
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 5, male.   |{Weight        | 3005 |3305   |2913   |2856   |2892
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |   32 |  31   |  31   |  31   |  32
+  | VI 1, 3ʰ00ᵐ   |{Body-length   |   52 |  51   |  51   |  50.75|  51
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6078   |6078   |6108   |6275
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 6, male.   |{Weight        |3019  |2913   |2877   |2750   |2863
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |  32.5|  31.75|  31.25|  31.75|  31.75
+  | VI 1, 12ʰ45ᵐ  |{Body-length   |  49  |  49   |  49.25|  49.25|  49.25
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6480   |6345   |6447   |6414
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 7, male.   |{Weight        |3175  |3147   |3005   |2962   |2892
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |  33  |  32.5 |  32   |  32   |  31
+  | VI 1, 23ʰ00ᵐ  |{Body-length   |  50  |  51.25|  50.75|  50.75|  51
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6342   |6305   |6305   |6078
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 8, female. |{Weight        |2835  |2750   |2679   |2587   |2587
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |  31.5|  32.5 |  31   |  31   |  31
+  | VI 3, 22ʰ00ᵐ  |{Body-length   |  50  |  48.75|  48.75|  49   |  49
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6667   |6359   |6327   |6327
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 9, male.   |{Weight        |3657  |3657   |3572   |3381   |3366
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |  33  |  33.5 |  33   |  33   |  33.5
+  | VI 5, 23ʰ00ᵐ  |{Body-length   |  53  |  53   |  52.5 |  53.5 |  53.5
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6321   |6286   |6168   |6262
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 10, male.  |{Weight        |3232  |3118   |2948   |2821   |2814
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |  32  |  34   | 31    |  31   |  31
+  | VI 6. 7ʰ00ᵐ   |{Body-length   |  52  |  51.25| 50    |  51.5 |  51.5
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6244   |6800   |6019   |6019
+  |               |               |      |       |       |       |
+  |No. 11, female.|{Weight        |3303  |3175   |3076   |2962   |2934
+  | Time of birth,|{Ch. girth     |  34  |  34   |  34   |  33   |  33
+  | VI 5, 17ʰ00ᵐ  |{Body-length   |  52  |  50.25|  50   |  50   |  50
+  |               |{Rel. ch. girth|      |6766   |6800   |6600   |6600
+  |                               +======+=======+=======+=======+=======
+  |Total relative                 |      |       |       |       |
+  |  chest-girth                  |      |710483 |711435 |699448 |698260
+  |Average relative               |      |       |       |       |
+  |  chest-girth × 1.037          |  661 |  670  |  671  |  659  |  658
+  +-------------------------------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------
+
+  -------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+    5th  |  6th  |  7th  |  8th  |  9th  | 10th  |
+    day. |  day. |  day. |  day. |  day. | day.  |
+  -------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  1821   |1871   |1899   |1899   |1899   |1928   |
+    26.5 |  27.5 |  27.5 |  28   |  27.5 |  27.5 |
+    43   |  42   |  42.25|  42.25|  43   |  43.75|
+  6163   |6548   |6509   |6627   |6395   |6286   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  3466   |3529   |3508   |3515   |3529   |3572   |
+    34   |  33.5 |  33   |  33.5 |  33.5 |  33.5 |
+    52.25|  52.25|  52.25|  52.5 |  52.5 |  52.5 |
+  6507   |6412   |6416   |6381   |6381   |6381   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2835   |2821   |2849   |2835   |2913   |2927   |
+    32.5 |  32   |  31   |  31   |  32.5 |  32.5 |
+    49.5 |  49.5 |  50   |  50   |  50   |  50.25|
+  6566   |6465   |6200   |6200   |6500   |6468   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  3303   |3359   |3409   |3416   |3473   |3494   |
+    33.5 |  34   |  34   |  34   |  34   |  34.5 |
+    51.5 |  51.5 |  51.25|  51.25|  51.5 |  51.5 |
+  6505   |6602   |6634   |6634   |6602   |6699   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2906   |2991   |3069   |3104   |3125   |3147   |
+    32   |  31   |  32   |  33   |  33   |  32   |
+    51   |  51.25|  51.5 |  52   |  52   |  51.25|
+  6275   |6079   |6214   |6346   |6346   |6244   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2828   |2927   |2849   |2906   |2962   |2977   |
+    32   |  32   |  32   |  32   |  31.5 |  32   |
+    48.75|  49   |  50   |  50   |  50.5 |  50.5 |
+  6564   |6530   |6400   |6400   |6238   |6337   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2906   |2941   |2984   |2969   |3012   |3026   |
+    31.5 |  32   |  32   |  32   |  32   |  32   |
+    51   |  51   |  51.75|  51.75|  51.75|  52.75|
+  6177   |6275   |6184   |6184   |6184   |6184   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2629   |2651   |2672   |2693   |2750   |2722   |
+    31   |  31   |  30   |  31   |  31   |  31   |
+    49.5 |  49.5 |  49.5 |  49.5 |  50   |  49.5 |
+  6263   |6263   |6060   |6263   |6200   |6263   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  3473   |3487   |3544   |3544   |3565   |3536   |
+    33.5 |  33.5 |  33   |  33   |  33.5 |  33.5 |
+    53.5 |  53.5 |  54   |  54   |  54.5 |  53.75|
+  6262   |6262   |6111   |6111   |6147   |6233   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2835   |2849   |2870   |2877   |2948   |2941   |
+    31   |  31.5 |  31.5 |  31.5 |  31.5 |  31.5 |
+    51.5 |  51.5 |  51.5 |  51.5 |  52   |  52   |
+  6019   |6019   |6117   |6117   |6058   |6058   |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  2955   |2962   |3033   |3059   |3033   |2984   |
+    32.5 |  32.5 |  32.5 |  32.5 |  32.5 |  33   |
+    50   |  50   |  50.25|  50.25|  50.25|  50.75|
+  6500   |6500   |6467   |6467   |6467   |6503   |
+  =======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+  697994 |699232 |692119 |697300 |695178 |696529 |
+         |       |       |       |       |       |
+    658  |  659  |  652  |  657  |  655  |  655  |
+  -------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+It may be well to consider briefly, necessarily somewhat speculatively,
+the significance of this ontogenetic change in build. First of all,
+the high relative chest circumference of infancy is due chiefly to the
+extremely short legs of the infant. Leg-length constitutes only about 40
+per cent of stature at birth, whereas it comes to constitute 53 to 55
+per cent at maturity. Consequently, the relative leg-length at infancy
+is only a trifle more than 70 per cent of the adult relative leg-length.
+Likewise the leg-length of the gorilla is about 70 per cent that of
+a European man (German, cf. Martin, 1914, p. 308). Consequently the
+relative leg-length of the infant, at birth, is to that of the adult
+as the relative leg-length of an anthropoid ape is to the relative
+leg-length of man. Incidentally, it may be added that the relative length
+of the arm of the infant is only slightly (8 per cent) less than that of
+the adult, while in the chimpanzee the relative arm-length is 18 per cent
+_greater_ than that of man.
+
+We have seen that the relative leg-length of the boy increases to about
+12 years and thereafter diminishes to the period of completed growth.
+The white man has his greatest leg-length shortly before adolescence. We
+find that among the races of mankind it is the long-legged negro tribes
+of East Africa, especially the upper Nile (Johnston, 1906. II, p. 932),
+which are among the lowest races of mankind, and which seem to represent
+in the adult the physical stage through which the white boy passes at 12
+years. Other African tribes have, indeed, relatively shorter legs and
+thus show a persisting adult stage that is either slightly younger or
+slightly older than that of the 12-year-old white boy.
+
+Figure 1 (to return to it after this digression) seems thus adequately to
+measure the varying build of humans from birth to past maturity. It may,
+indeed, be regarded as composed of two parts: first, that from birth to
+the cessation of growth in stature, and second, that beyond cessation of
+growth in stature.
+
+The curve of build thus obtained is, apart from the first period of
+adjustment that follows birth, a smoothly flowing one, that might indeed
+be expressed by a formula
+
+                 _y_ = _ax_ + _bx²_ + _cx³_ + _dx⁴_, etc.
+
+The curve of build of figure 1 seems to be new in this form. It is,
+however, of the same general shape as the curve of varying “Körperfülle”
+drawn by Martin (1914, p. 246) from Quetelet’s data and based on the
+relation of weight ÷ stature³. The numbers of children considered
+in Martin’s figure are inadequate and there is hardly sufficient
+justification for the use of this formula to express changes of build
+during ontogeny.
+
+The ontogenetic curve of build may serve as a graphic representation of
+the stages of development as listed by Stratz (1922). These stages are
+shown in table 5.
+
+
+TABLE 5.—_Growth-periods in children._
+
+[Modified from C. W. Stratz, 1922, p. 87.]
+
+  +------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
+  |Year of age.|                First (neutral) child age.             |
+  +------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
+  |  0  to  1  |                   Infancy. Lactation.                 |
+  +------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
+  |  1  to  2  |}                                                      |
+  |  2      3  |}             First period of filling out.             |
+  |  3      4  |}                                                      |
+  |            |                                                       |
+  |  4      5  |}                                                      |
+  |  5      6  |}                 First stretching.                    |
+  |  6      7  |}                                                      |
+  +============+=======================================================+
+  |            |          Second (bisexual) child age. Youth.          |
+  +------------+--------------------------+----------------------------+
+  |            |           Boys.          |             Girls.         |
+  +------------+--------------------------+----------------------------+
+  |  7  to  8  |} Second period of        | Second period of           |
+  |  8      9  |}   filling out.          |   filling out (rounding    |
+  |  9     10  |}                         |   of hips and legs).       |
+  |            |                          |                            |
+  | 10     11  |}                         |                            |
+  | 11     12  |} Second stretching       | Second stretching          |
+  | 12     13  |}   (shooting up in       |   (shooting up in stature).|
+  | 13     14  |}   stature). Change      |   Menstruation; beginning  |
+  | 14     15  |}   of voice.             |   breast development.      |
+  |            |                          |                            |
+  | 15     16  |}                         |                            |
+  | 16     17  |} Third period of filling | Third period of fullness   |
+  | 17     18  |}   out (broadening of    |   (rapid increase          |
+  | 18     19  |}   chest; rapid increase |   in weight). Maturity.    |
+  | 19     20  |}   in weight). Maturity. |                            |
+  +------------+--------------------------+----------------------------+
+
+
+LATER ONTOGENETIC CHANGES IN INDIVIDUAL BUILD.
+
+Any investigation of the heredity of build is apt to meet with the
+difficulty that only the present weights and statures of children,
+parents, and grandparents are known; that the persons are of different
+ages and hence the data concerning them are not precisely comparable.
+Even if we exclude from consideration children of the rapid
+developmental period, under 18 years of age, still we have the problem of
+individual change of build in mature life. Since stature is practically
+immutable at this period, change in build may be measured by change in
+weight. That change in weight does occur is notorious. Figures 3 to 6
+illustrate graphically the changes in weight in various individuals from
+records taken almost at random. In figure 3 the curves of increasing
+weight run rapidly upward; in figure 4 they go up and then fall again; in
+figure 6 they are more nearly horizontal.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 3.—Changes in weight from 25 to 50 or 60 years
+of father (F), mother (M), and son (S) in D: BOL-1 family, showing a
+consistent history of rapid increase of build with age.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 4.—Changes in weight from 25 (or 40) years to 45
+(or 75) years of father (F), mother (M), and daughter (D) in D: BOL-1A
+family, showing a history of fluctuating build.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 5.—Changes in weight from 25 to 45 years of 3 sibs
+belonging to the D: HAY-1 family, showing a slight tendency to increase
+with age.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 6.—Changes in weight from 15 to 50 years in 4 sibs of
+the D: BAN-1 family, showing no great tendency to change of build during
+life.]
+
+On the whole, the weight tends to increase with age. This is shown by the
+tables of the “Medico-Actuarial Mortality Investigation” (vol. 1, pp. 38
+and 67). The tables are reproduced in our tables 6 and 7. They show that,
+on the average, weight tends to increase with age up to 50 or 51 years.
+The fact that there is, on the average, an increase in build, makes
+necessary an adjustment in some cases of the youthful indices of children
+to make them comparable with the adult indices of their parents.
+
+The adjustment was made to the weight of the child by finding in the
+appropriate column of stature and line of age the expected weight and
+adding the difference between this weight and the weight in the same
+column opposite the mid-parental age to the given weight of the child.
+
+
+TABLE 6.—_Graded average weight of men of different statures at various
+ages._
+
+[Copied from Table IV of “Medico-actuarial mortality investigations.”]
+
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |      |  5    |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |
+  | Age, | feet. |  feet | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  |
+  |years.|       |   1   |   2   |   3   |   4   |   5   |
+  |      |       | inch. |inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | 15   |  107  |  109  |  112  |  115  |  118  |  122  |
+  | 16   |  109  |  111  |  114  |  117  |  120  |  124  |
+  | 17   |  111  |  113  |  116  |  119  |  122  |  126  |
+  | 18   |  113  |  115  |  118  |  121  |  124  |  128  |
+  | 19   |  115  |  117  |  120  |  123  |  126  |  130  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 20   |  117  |  119  |  122  |  125  |  128  |  132  |
+  | 21   |  118  |  120  |  123  |  126  |  130  |  134  |
+  | 22   |  119  |  121  |  124  |  127  |  131  |  135  |
+  | 23   |  120  |  122  |  125  |  128  |  132  |  136  |
+  | 24   |  121  |  123  |  126  |  129  |  133  |  137  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 25   |  122  |  124  |  126  |  129  |  133  |  137  |
+  | 26   |  123  |  125  |  127  |  130  |  134  |  138  |
+  | 27   |  124  |  126  |  128  |  131  |  134  |  138  |
+  | 28   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  132  |  135  |  139  |
+  | 29   |  126  |  128  |  130  |  133  |  136  |  140  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 30   |  126  |  128  |  130  |  133  |  136  |  140  |
+  | 31   |  127  |  129  |  131  |  134  |  137  |  141  |
+  | 32   |  127  |  129  |  131  |  134  |  137  |  141  |
+  | 33   |  127  |  129  |  131  |  134  |  137  |  141  |
+  | 34   |  128  |  130  |  132  |  135  |  138  |  142  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 35   |  128  |  130  |  132  |  135  |  138  |  142  |
+  | 36   |  129  |  131  |  133  |  136  |  139  |  143  |
+  | 37   |  129  |  131  |  133  |  136  |  140  |  144  |
+  | 38   |  130  |  132  |  134  |  137  |  140  |  144  |
+  | 39   |  130  |  132  |  134  |  137  |  140  |  144  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 40   |  131  |  133  |  135  |  138  |  141  |  145  |
+  | 41   |  131  |  133  |  135  |  138  |  141  |  145  |
+  | 42   |  132  |  134  |  136  |  139  |  142  |  146  |
+  | 43   |  132  |  134  |  136  |  139  |  142  |  146  |
+  | 44   |  133  |  135  |  137  |  140  |  143  |  147  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 45   |  133  |  135  |  137  |  140  |  143  |  147  |
+  | 46   |  134  |  136  |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |
+  | 47   |  134  |  136  |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |
+  | 48   |  134  |  136  |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |
+  | 49   |  134  |  136  |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 50   |  134  |  136  |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |
+  | 51   |  135  |  137  |  139  |  142  |  145  |  149  |
+  | 52   |  135  |  137  |  139  |  142  |  145  |  149  |
+  | 53   |  135  |  137  |  139  |  142  |  145  |  149  |
+  | 54   |  135  |  137  |  139  |  142  |  145  |  149  |
+  | 55   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  |and up|  135  |  137  |  139  |  142  |  145  |  149  |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |      |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |
+  | Age, | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  |
+  |years.|   6   |   7   |   8   |   9   |  10   |  11   |
+  |      |inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | 15   |  126  |  130  |  134  |  138  |  142  |  147  |
+  | 16   |  128  |  132  |  136  |  140  |  144  |  149  |
+  | 17   |  130  |  134  |  138  |  142  |  146  |  151  |
+  | 18   |  132  |  136  |  140  |  144  |  148  |  153  |
+  | 19   |  134  |  138  |  142  |  146  |  150  |  155  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 20   |  136  |  140  |  144  |  148  |  152  |  156  |
+  | 21   |  138  |  141  |  145  |  149  |  153  |  157  |
+  | 22   |  139  |  142  |  146  |  150  |  154  |  158  |
+  | 23   |  140  |  143  |  147  |  151  |  155  |  159  |
+  | 24   |  141  |  144  |  148  |  152  |  156  |  160  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 25   |  141  |  145  |  149  |  153  |  157  |  162  |
+  | 26   |  142  |  146  |  150  |  154  |  158  |  163  |
+  | 27   |  142  |  146  |  150  |  154  |  158  |  163  |
+  | 28   |  143  |  147  |  151  |  155  |  159  |  164  |
+  | 29   |  144  |  148  |  152  |  156  |  160  |  165  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 30   |  144  |  148  |  152  |  156  |  161  |  166  |
+  | 31   |  145  |  149  |  153  |  157  |  162  |  167  |
+  | 32   |  145  |  149  |  154  |  158  |  163  |  168  |
+  | 33   |  145  |  149  |  154  |  159  |  164  |  169  |
+  | 34   |  146  |  150  |  155  |  160  |  165  |  170  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 35   |  146  |  150  |  155  |  160  |  165  |  170  |
+  | 36   |  147  |  151  |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |
+  | 37   |  148  |  152  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  172  |
+  | 38   |  148  |  152  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  173  |
+  | 39   |  148  |  152  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  173  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 40   |  149  |  153  |  158  |  163  |  168  |  174  |
+  | 41   |  149  |  153  |  158  |  163  |  168  |  174  |
+  | 42   |  150  |  154  |  159  |  164  |  169  |  175  |
+  | 43   |  150  |  154  |  159  |  164  |  169  |  175  |
+  | 44   |  151  |  155  |  160  |  165  |  170  |  176  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 45   |  151  |  155  |  160  |  165  |  170  |  176  |
+  | 46   |  152  |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |  177  |
+  | 47   |  152  |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |  177  |
+  | 48   |  152  |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |  177  |
+  | 49   |  152  |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |  177  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 50   |  152  |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |  177  |
+  | 51   |  153  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  172  |  178  |
+  | 52   |  153  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  172  |  178  |
+  | 53   |  153  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  172  |  178  |
+  | 54   |  153  |  158  |  163  |  168  |  173  |  178  |
+  | 55   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  |and up|  153  |  158  |  163  |  168  |  173  |  178  |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |      |   6   |   6   |   6   |   6   |   6   |   6   |
+  | Age, | feet. | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  |
+  |years.|       |   1   |   2   |   3   |   4   |   5   |
+  |      |       | inch. |inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | 15   |  152  |  157  |  162  |  167  |  172  |  177  |
+  | 16   |  154  |  159  |  164  |  169  |  174  |  179  |
+  | 17   |  156  |  161  |  166  |  171  |  176  |  181  |
+  | 18   |  158  |  163  |  168  |  173  |  178  |  183  |
+  | 19   |  160  |  165  |  170  |  175  |  180  |  185  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 20   |  161  |  166  |  171  |  176  |  181  |  186  |
+  | 21   |  162  |  167  |  172  |  177  |  182  |  187  |
+  | 22   |  163  |  168  |  173  |  178  |  183  |  188  |
+  | 23   |  164  |  169  |  175  |  180  |  185  |  190  |
+  | 24   |  165  |  171  |  177  |  182  |  187  |  192  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 25   |  167  |  173  |  179  |  184  |  189  |  194  |
+  | 26   |  168  |  174  |  180  |  186  |  191  |  196  |
+  | 27   |  169  |  175  |  181  |  187  |  192  |  197  |
+  | 28   |  170  |  176  |  182  |  188  |  193  |  198  |
+  | 29   |  171  |  177  |  183  |  189  |  194  |  199  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 30   |  172  |  178  |  184  |  190  |  196  |  201  |
+  | 31   |  173  |  179  |  185  |  191  |  197  |  202  |
+  | 32   |  174  |  180  |  185  |  192  |  198  |  203  |
+  | 33   |  175  |  181  |  187  |  193  |  199  |  204  |
+  | 34   |  176  |  182  |  188  |  194  |  200  |  206  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 35   |  176  |  182  |  189  |  195  |  201  |  207  |
+  | 36   |  177  |  183  |  190  |  196  |  202  |  208  |
+  | 37   |  178  |  184  |  191  |  197  |  203  |  209  |
+  | 38   |  179  |  185  |  192  |  198  |  204  |  210  |
+  | 39   |  179  |  185  |  192  |  199  |  205  |  211  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 40   |  180  |  186  |  193  |  200  |  206  |  212  |
+  | 41   |  180  |  186  |  193  |  200  |  207  |  213  |
+  | 42   |  181  |  187  |  194  |  201  |  208  |  214  |
+  | 43   |  181  |  187  |  194  |  201  |  208  |  214  |
+  | 44   |  182  |  188  |  195  |  202  |  209  |  215  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 45   |  182  |  188  |  195  |  202  |  209  |  215  |
+  | 46   |  183  |  189  |  196  |  203  |  210  |  216  |
+  | 47   |  183  |  190  |  197  |  204  |  211  |  217  |
+  | 48   |  183  |  190  |  197  |  204  |  211  |  217  |
+  | 49   |  183  |  190  |  197  |  204  |  211  |  217  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 50   |  183  |  190  |  197  |  204  |  211  |  217  |
+  | 51   |  184  |  191  |  198  |  205  |  212  |  218  |
+  | 52   |  184  |  191  |  198  |  205  |  212  |  218  |
+  | 53   |  184  |  191  |  198  |  205  |  212  |  218  |
+  | 54   |  184  |  191  |  198  |  205  |  212  |  219  |
+  | 55   |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  |and up|  184  |  191  |  198  |  205  |  212  |  219  |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+
+TABLE 7.—-_Graded average weight of women of different statures at
+various ages._
+
+[Copied from Table IX of “Medico-actuarial mortality investigations.”]
+
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |      |  4    |  4    |   4   |   4   |   5   |   5   |
+  | Age, | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet. | feet  |
+  |years.|  8    |  9    |  10   |  11   |       |   1   |
+  |      |inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|       | inch. |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | 15   |  101  |  103  |  105  |  106  |  107  |  109  |
+  | 16   |  102  |  104  |  106  |  117  |  120  |  124  |
+  | 17   |  103  |  105  |  107  |  109  |  111  |  113  |
+  | 18   |  104  |  106  |  108  |  110  |  112  |  114  |
+  | 19   |  105  |  107  |  109  |  111  |  113  |  115  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 20   |  106  |  108  |  110  |  112  |  114  |  116  |
+  | 21   |  107  |  109  |  111  |  113  |  115  |  117  |
+  | 22   |  107  |  109  |  111  |  113  |  115  |  117  |
+  | 23   |  108  |  110  |  112  |  114  |  116  |  118  |
+  | 24   |  109  |  111  |  113  |  115  |  117  |  119  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 25   |  109  |  111  |  113  |  115  |  117  |  119  |
+  | 26   |  110  |  112  |  114  |  116  |  118  |  120  |
+  | 27   |  110  |  112  |  114  |  116  |  118  |  120  |
+  | 28   |  111  |  113  |  115  |  117  |  119  |  121  |
+  | 29   |  111  |  113  |  115  |  117  |  119  |  121  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 30   |  112  |  114  |  116  |  118  |  120  |  122  |
+  | 31   |  113  |  115  |  117  |  119  |  121  |  123  |
+  | 32   |  113  |  115  |  117  |  119  |  121  |  123  |
+  | 33   |  114  |  116  |  118  |  120  |  122  |  124  |
+  | 34   |  115  |  117  |  119  |  121  |  123  |  125  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 35   |  115  |  117  |  119  |  121  |  123  |  125  |
+  | 36   |  116  |  118  |  120  |  122  |  124  |  126  |
+  | 37   |  116  |  118  |  120  |  122  |  124  |  126  |
+  | 38   |  117  |  119  |  121  |  123  |  125  |  127  |
+  | 39   |  118  |  120  |  122  |  124  |  126  |  128  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 40   |  119  |  121  |  123  |  125  |  127  |  129  |
+  | 41   |  120  |  122  |  124  |  126  |  128  |  130  |
+  | 42   |  120  |  122  |  124  |  126  |  128  |  130  |
+  | 43   |  121  |  123  |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |
+  | 44   |  122  |  124  |  126  |  128  |  130  |  132  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 45   |  122  |  124  |  126  |  128  |  130  |  132  |
+  | 46   |  123  |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |
+  | 47   |  123  |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |
+  | 48   |  124  |  126  |  128  |  130  |  132  |  134  |
+  | 49   |  124  |  126  |  128  |  130  |  132  |  134  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 50   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |  135  |
+  | 51   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |  135  |
+  | 52   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |  135  |
+  | 53   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |  135  |
+  | 54   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |  135  |
+  | 55   |  125  |  127  |  129  |  131  |  133  |  135  |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |      |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |
+  | Age, | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  |
+  |years.|   2   |   3   |   4   |   5   |   6   |   7   |
+  |      |inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | 15   |  112  |  115  |  118  |  122  |  126  |  130  |
+  | 16   |  128  |  132  |  136  |  140  |  144  |  149  |
+  | 17   |  116  |  119  |  122  |  125  |  129  |  133  |
+  | 18   |  117  |  120  |  123  |  126  |  130  |  134  |
+  | 19   |  118  |  121  |  124  |  127  |  131  |  135  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 20   |  119  |  122  |  125  |  128  |  132  |  136  |
+  | 21   |  120  |  123  |  126  |  129  |  133  |  137  |
+  | 22   |  120  |  123  |  126  |  129  |  133  |  137  |
+  | 23   |  121  |  124  |  127  |  130  |  134  |  138  |
+  | 24   |  121  |  124  |  127  |  130  |  134  |  138  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 25   |  121  |  124  |  128  |  131  |  135  |  139  |
+  | 26   |  122  |  125  |  128  |  131  |  135  |  139  |
+  | 27   |  122  |  125  |  129  |  132  |  136  |  140  |
+  | 28   |  123  |  126  |  130  |  133  |  137  |  141  |
+  | 29   |  123  |  126  |  130  |  133  |  137  |  141  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 30   |  124  |  127  |  131  |  134  |  138  |  142  |
+  | 31   |  125  |  128  |  132  |  135  |  139  |  143  |
+  | 32   |  125  |  128  |  132  |  136  |  140  |  144  |
+  | 33   |  126  |  129  |  133  |  137  |  141  |  145  |
+  | 34   |  127  |  130  |  134  |  138  |  142  |  146  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 35   |  127  |  130  |  134  |  138  |  142  |  146  |
+  | 36   |  128  |  131  |  135  |  139  |  143  |  147  |
+  | 37   |  129  |  132  |  136  |  140  |  144  |  148  |
+  | 38   |  130  |  133  |  137  |  141  |  145  |  149  |
+  | 39   |  131  |  134  |  138  |  142  |  146  |  150  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 40   |  132  |  135  |  138  |  142  |  146  |  150  |
+  | 41   |  133  |  136  |  139  |  143  |  147  |  151  |
+  | 42   |  133  |  136  |  139  |  143  |  147  |  151  |
+  | 43   |  134  |  137  |  140  |  144  |  148  |  152  |
+  | 44   |  133  |  138  |  141  |  145  |  149  |  153  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 45   |  135  |  138  |  141  |  145  |  149  |  153  |
+  | 46   |  136  |  139  |  142  |  146  |  150  |  154  |
+  | 47   |  136  |  139  |  142  |  146  |  151  |  155  |
+  | 48   |  137  |  140  |  143  |  147  |  152  |  156  |
+  | 49   |  137  |  140  |  143  |  147  |  152  |  156  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 50   |  138  |  141  |  149  |  148  |  152  |  156  |
+  | 51   |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |  152  |  157  |
+  | 52   |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |  152  |  157  |
+  | 53   |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |  152  |  157  |
+  | 54   |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |  153  |  158  |
+  | 55   |  138  |  141  |  144  |  148  |  153  |  158  |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |      |   5   |   5   |   5   |   5   |   6   |
+  | Age, | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet  | feet. |
+  |years.|   8   |   9   |  10   |  11   |       |
+  |      |inches.|inches.|inches.|inches.|       |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | 15   |  134  |  138  |  142  |  147  |  152  |
+  | 16   |  154  |  159  |  164  |  174  |  179  |
+  | 17   |  137  |  140  |  144  |  149  |  154  |
+  | 18   |  138  |  142  |  145  |  150  |  155  |
+  | 19   |  139  |  142  |  146  |  151  |  155  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 20   |  140  |  143  |  147  |  151  |  156  |
+  | 21   |  141  |  144  |  148  |  152  |  156  |
+  | 22   |  141  |  145  |  149  |  153  |  157  |
+  | 23   |  142  |  146  |  150  |  153  |  157  |
+  | 24   |  142  |  146  |  150  |  154  |  158  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 25   |  143  |  147  |  151  |  154  |  158  |
+  | 26   |  143  |  147  |  151  |  155  |  159  |
+  | 27   |  144  |  148  |  152  |  155  |  159  |
+  | 28   |  145  |  149  |  153  |  156  |  160  |
+  | 29   |  145  |  149  |  153  |  156  |  160  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 30   |  146  |  150  |  154  |  157  |  161  |
+  | 31   |  147  |  151  |  154  |  157  |  161  |
+  | 32   |  148  |  152  |  155  |  158  |  162  |
+  | 33   |  149  |  153  |  156  |  159  |  162  |
+  | 34   |  150  |  154  |  157  |  160  |  163  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 35   |  150  |  154  |  157  |  160  |  163  |
+  | 36   |  151  |  155  |  158  |  161  |  164  |
+  | 37   |  152  |  156  |  159  |  162  |  165  |
+  | 38   |  153  |  157  |  160  |  163  |  166  |
+  | 39   |  154  |  158  |  161  |  164  |  167  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 40   |  154  |  158  |  161  |  164  |  167  |
+  | 41   |  155  |  159  |  162  |  165  |  168  |
+  | 42   |  155  |  159  |  162  |  166  |  169  |
+  | 43   |  156  |  160  |  163  |  167  |  170  |
+  | 44   |  157  |  161  |  164  |  168  |  171  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 45   |  157  |  161  |  164  |  168  |  171  |
+  | 46   |  158  |  162  |  165  |  169  |  172  |
+  | 47   |  159  |  163  |  166  |  170  |  173  |
+  | 48   |  160  |  164  |  187  |  171  |  174  |
+  | 49   |  161  |  165  |  168  |  172  |  175  |
+  |      |       |       |       |       |       |
+  | 50   |  161  |  165  |  169  |  173  |  176  |
+  | 51   |  162  |  166  |  170  |  174  |  177  |
+  | 52   |  162  |  166  |  170  |  174  |  177  |
+  | 53   |  162  |  166  |  170  |  174  |  177  |
+  | 54   |  163  |  167  |  171  |  174  |  177  |
+  | 55   |  163  |  167  |  171  |  174  |  177  |
+  +------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+
+RELATION OF JUVENILE TO ADULT BUILD.
+
+This adjustment was not always necessary, first, because in not a
+few cases the children were of an adult age and the data for the
+build of the parents, now dead, were given for the same age; second,
+examination of such developmental curves as are shown in figure 6
+strongly indicates that when the parents are of slender build, and the
+children are of slender build at the age of 25 years younger than the
+parents, the increase in weight of the children will not usually follow
+the actuarial tables. The actuarial tables, indeed, represent only the
+average increase, and this average is made of a population that does not
+increase its weight at all when it grows older (fig. 6) and a population
+that increases its weight at a much faster rate than indicated in the
+actuarial tables (fig. 3). Consequently, no adjustment is made to the
+given weights of the children whose parents are slender. In the case
+where one parent was slender and one fat, the adjustment is still made in
+the build of all the children. This procedure, undoubtedly, introduces
+an error which, so far as I see, can not be avoided. Baldwin (1921, p.
+74) states that “as a general rule heavy children remain relatively heavy
+during the period studied”; and his developmental curves of individual
+children show that the same persistence of the juvenile build is commonly
+true for children of slight weight. It is striking how often the children
+of heavy parents will be heavy even in youth, and conversely, children of
+exceptionally great weight are apt to retain, and add to, their build.
+
+Chambers (1850, pp. 139-143) cites the following cases of early familial
+obesity: A boy of 3 years weighs 39.5 kg. (87 pounds); his 6 sisters
+and brothers are obese. A girl of 5 years 5 months weighs 89 kg. (196
+pounds); obesity on both sides of the house. A boy of 16 weighs 114 kg.
+(252 pounds); there is collateral heredity.
+
+A striking case of early obesity persisting to maturity is that of Miss
+Allen (plate 8).
+
+On the other hand, it is often strikingly true that in families with a
+tendency to fleshy build some of the children will remain slender until
+20 or 25 years and then begin to grow fat. The metabolic changes that
+induce fatness first appear in later life.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+MASS STUDIES IN HEREDITY OF ADULT BUILD.
+
+
+It is a matter of common observation that in some families the parents
+and children are all slender; in others, there may be many examples of
+obesity. Worthington (1877, p. 50) cites a number of examples from C.
+Bouchard. A woman of 45 years weighs 107 kg. (236 pounds); her obesity
+began shortly after marriage; her father is very obese and her mother
+obese. A woman of 49 years, whose father is a Turk and whose mother is
+French, weighs 117 kg. or about 258 pounds; her mother was obese. A woman
+of 115 kg. or about 250 pounds has an obese mother and two sisters who
+were obese in infancy; also a gouty mother’s father and father’s father.
+
+The following, from Chambers (1850), show obesity “on both sides of the
+house”: Male of 28 years, 120 kg. (266 pounds); woman of 48 years, 127
+kg. (280 pounds); woman of 52 years, 98.4 kg. (217 pounds); man of 57
+years, 227 kg. (500 pounds); woman of 58 years, 104 kg. (231 pounds);
+woman of 68 years, 118 kg. (260 pounds); woman of 70 years, 107 kg. (238
+pounds). In many other cases cited by Chambers, one parent of the obese
+patient was obese. Howard (1908, p. 54) cites the case of a 7-year-old
+girl, 45.5 inches (115.6 cm.) tall, who weighed 40 kg. (88 pounds), had
+a pendulous abdomen, and was feeble-minded. Her sibs were not abnormal
+and her parents were of average build. One of her great uncles weighs 127
+kg. (280 pounds), an uncle, at 40 years, about 109 kg., and an aunt of
+31 years, 95 kg. (210 pounds). This case is instructive because of the
+skipping of a generation.
+
+In the class of obese cases known as adiposis dolorosa, heredity is
+usually obvious. Price (1909) cites a case of an obese woman of 48 years
+and weighing 140 kg. (310 pounds) who belongs to a fraternity of 7; 1 was
+a miscarriage, 2 died young of accident, 1 died at 22 of typho-pneumonia,
+1 died young of scarlet fever, and 1 brother is large and rheumatic.
+The father seems to have been of average build and the mother is stated
+to have been “very thin.” Of her sibs, 6 were fleshy or very fleshy, 1
+medium, and 1 slender; the children of these fleshy sibs of the mother
+are “all stout.”
+
+Lyon (1910, p. 68) discusses heredity in adiposis dolorosa and
+lipomatosis and cites a considerable number of cases of family recurrence
+in his cases and others. Thus he twice treated a father and his son for
+multiple fatty tumors; also twice a mother and daughter. Lyon’s obese
+case No. 5 was like her 3 sisters and 1 daughter; a son of her father’s
+brother showed similar fatty deposits. 10 other instances of family
+recurrence of abnormal fat deposit are cited.
+
+Maranon and Bonilla (1920) cite the case of a girl of 18 years who was
+slender, like her parents, until after an attack of syphilis, when she
+came to weigh 157 kg. or 350 pounds, while her height was 160 cm., her
+chest-girth 130 cm., and that of her abdomen 150 cm. or 90 per cent of
+her height. She had a very large brother, and both mother’s parents were
+obese, though the parents were not known to be so.
+
+Such examples might be multiplied indefinitely.
+
+Our problem is not what are all the causes of this diversity of build,
+but rather in how far do genetical factors play a part in this diversity.
+We are not oblivious to the fact that there are many factors responsible
+for the result—deviation from the average build. These we shall consider
+in detail in a later section, and the consideration will help us to see
+the limits to the action of the genetical factors. Before going on to
+that, we shall have to consider more in detail the nature of the facts
+for which an explanation has to be sought.
+
+
+METHODS AND MATERIALS.
+
+The method of analyzing the genetic factors in build is that of
+tabulating the distribution of aberrant builds in the family network.
+There is required, first, a large mass of family data which includes
+many extreme or aberrant types of build, and which is as reliable and as
+accurately quantitative as possible; secondly, this has to be subjected
+to the ordinary methods of genetic analysis.
+
+The available material has consisted of data on stature and weight
+given in the Records of Family Traits which constitute a fair sample of
+the population; and of quantitative data on special schedules giving
+stature and weight of a fraternity, its parents, uncles and aunts, and
+grandparents. These special schedules had been mailed to an address
+list of overweight and underweight persons obtained through the kind
+cooperation of Mr. Arthur Hunter. Those who returned the schedules
+showed an especial appreciation of the requirements of our study. A
+third source was the A file of the Eugenics Record Office, where are
+gathered miscellaneous pedigrees of families showing aberrancy in build.
+A fourth and especially valuable source was the field work of Miss Louise
+A. Nelson, of the Eugenics Record Office; this started with selected,
+usually obese, cases.
+
+After the data had been assembled and tabulated, a certain amount of
+correspondence and personal visitation was undertaken in order to
+secure a confirmation or revision of the records in hand. In some
+cases this brought to light errors in the records, in others, useful
+details. Naturally, it was not possible to secure a revision of all of
+the data used, but an attempt was made to select only records that had
+been compiled with care and conscientiousness, and these traits in the
+compiler reveal themselves pretty clearly to a person who has examined
+thousands of these records, just as carelessness is revealed also by
+slipshod speech or posture.
+
+For our study we desire the data of stature and weight for children,
+parents, and grandparents. With some exceptions only those families are
+studied in which all these data are accurately given. Also, only children
+who are above 18 years of age can be utilized, because stature changes
+so rapidly until that age. However, since it is build and not stature
+we are studying, the fact of increase of stature from 19 to 21 years of
+age affects the result very little. Finally, in a certain proportion
+of the cases the stature and weight of all of the grandparents are not
+given quantitatively. Such families are utilized, nevertheless, with such
+quantitative data as may have been afforded.
+
+The data were taken from the Records of Family Traits by Miss Miriam
+Kortright, who long assisted in our statistical work. The computations of
+index of build were made by Miss Kortright and Mr. William Kraus, Miss
+Laura Craytor, and Miss Margaret Andrus, who checked one another’s work.
+The tabulation and seriations of the indices were done by Misses Margaret
+Babcock and Katharine Belzer.
+
+
+THE ADULT INDEX OF BUILD.
+
+In an earlier section of this paper the question of the best index of
+build has been discussed generally. It was pointed out that many regard
+it as a truism that build is a relation of volume to stature. Since
+the volume of a person’s body is rarely known, and it is difficult to
+determine it, weight has been substituted for volume. However, this
+substitution assumes that specific gravity is the same for slender and
+for fat persons; but this is not at all the case. The specific gravity
+of a fat person is about that of water (0.978 to 1.079 in 4 children 7
+to 13 years of age, Meeh, 1879, and 1.014 in a 61-year-old man of 98
+kg. weight, Mies, 1899); of a thin person it may be 5 to 8 per cent
+above that of water (1.049 to 1.082 for thin convicts, Mies, 1899).
+This variable specific gravity complicates the attempt to infer volume
+from weight. In view of these difficulties it were better to measure
+build by a relation of chest diameter (or circumference) to stature. But
+this ratio can not be used in our studies, since our data, for the most
+part, give only weight and stature and not chest-girth. It remains thus
+to determine the closest relation between weight and chest-girth. This
+determination I have attempted to make for 100 young men, 20 to 25 years
+of age, measured at Harvard University where they were students. It will
+hardly be worth while to reproduce the detailed tables of measurements
+and ratios, but they will be found summarized in table 8. In this table
+is given the frequency of occurrence of each of the different ratios
+(or rather classes of ratios) found using chest-girth in first, second,
+and third powers as a divisor. If weight varied exactly with the
+chest-girth, then the ratio of the former to the latter should remain
+constant. Such a strict relation is hardly to be expected and, of course,
+is not found. The ratios obtained show a certain variability about
+the mean condition, and this variability is measured by the standard
+deviation. Similarly, if each weight be divided in turn by the second and
+third powers of stature, and the corresponding variability of the ratios
+be considered, we shall have a method of deciding whether weight varies
+more closely with the first, second, or third power of chest-girth, and
+which of those powers gives in its fluctuations the best measure of the
+corresponding fluctuations in weight.
+
+
+TABLE 8.—_Variability of weight in relation to the second and third
+powers of chest-girth as found in 100 Harvard students._
+
+[_f_, frequency of occurrence of the given index-class.]
+
+  +------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
+  |      Weight ÷    |     Weight ÷      |     Weight ÷      |
+  |    chest-girth   |   chest-girth²    |   chest-girth³    |
+  +------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
+  |              _f_ |               _f_ |               _f_ |
+  |  610 to 619   1  |  690 to 700    1  |  711 to 720    1  |
+  |  640    649   3  |  711    720    1  |  761    770    3  |
+  |  660    669   2  |  731    740    1  |  791    800    3  |
+  |  670    679   4  |  741    750    1  |  801    810    3  |
+  |  680    689   6  |  751    760    5  |  811    820    3  |
+  |  690    699   2  |  761    770    2  |  821    830    3  |
+  |  700    709   7  |  771    780    4  |  831    840    3  |
+  |  710    719   6  |  781    790   11  |  841    850    5  |
+  |  720    729   4  |  791    800   10  |  851    860    1  |
+  |  730    739  10  |  801    810    7  |  861    870   10  |
+  |  740    749   7  |  811    820    9  |  871    880    6  |
+  |  750    759   7  |  821    830    8  |  881    890    3  |
+  |  760    769   6  |  831    840    5  |  891    900    5  |
+  |  770    779   4  |  841    850    3  |  901    910    5  |
+  |  780    789   7  |  851    860    4  |  911    920    3  |
+  |  790    799   5  |  861    870    9  |  921    930    2  |
+  |  800    809   2  |  871    880    3  |  931    940    7  |
+  |  810    819   3  |  881    890    4  |  941    950    1  |
+  |  820    829   3  |  891    900    3  |  951    960    4  |
+  |  830    839   3  |  901    910    4  |  961    970    4  |
+  |  840    849   4  |  921    930    2  |  971    980    9  |
+  |  850    859   1  |  951    960    1  |  981    990    1  |
+  |  870    879   1  |  961    970    2  |  991   1000    5  |
+  |  900    909   1  |                   | 1001   1010    2  |
+  |  920    929   1  |                   | 1031   1040    1  |
+  |                  |                   | 1041   1050    4  |
+  |                  |                   | 1061   1070    2  |
+  |                  |                   | 1111   1120    1  |
+  |                  |                   |                   |
+  |     σ, 58.32     |     σ, 51.50      |     σ, 76.99      |
+  +------------------+-------------------+-------------------+
+
+A comparison of the standard deviations gives the following results for
+man:
+
+                       weight          weight          weight
+  Ratio:            -----------     ------------    ------------
+                    chest-girth     chest-girth²    chest-girth³
+  Standard deviation:   58.3            51.5            77.0
+
+From these results the conclusion is drawn that since the variability
+(standard deviation) of weight ÷ chest-girth² is least, the square of
+the chest-girth varies more closely with weight than either the first or
+third power of chest-girth; consequently the square of chest-girth is the
+best measure of weight of the three.
+
+By hypothesis, the chest-girth in persons of the same build varies very
+closely or exactly with stature; consequently we could substitute in
+the foregoing ratios for chest its average equivalent, stature/_K_,
+in which _K_ is nearly 2, more precisely 1.9. In any case it is thus
+clearly deducible that a better index of build is got by dividing weight
+by the square of stature than by its cube, as has been so often done.
+Accordingly, the ratio of weight to stature² has been adopted in this
+paper as the standard index of build. The correlation between this index
+of build and relative chest-girth is found by calculation to be about
+0.45.
+
+In any scale of index of build it is, of course, desirable to use the
+metric system. Unfortunately, most of our data are in English units, so
+that our indices were first obtained by the use of these units. We have
+in many cases transmuted the English into the equivalent metric measures.
+We have, however, retained the original English index, since a large
+portion of the more cultured part of the world uses that system in daily
+life. A table to facilitate transmutation is also given in the Appendix,
+table XVIII. To facilitate the determination of the index of build when
+stature and weight (in English or metric units) are known, table XVI has
+been prepared (pages 169, 170).
+
+To avoid decimals, the ratio, weight in pounds ÷ (stature in inches)² is
+multiplied in this book by 1,000; this gives a series of ratios running
+from 20 to 60 and over. To avoid confusion with the English system, the
+metric equivalents are taken as the ratio of weight in grams ÷ (stature
+in centimeters)². This gives a series of index numbers of the order 1.5
+to 4.0; in this case, at least, one decimal is always expressed. The
+small integral figure and the decimal at once indicate that the index is
+from metric units. Since the index of build has often been expressed as
+the ratio of weight to, respectively, stature, stature²⸳⁵, and stature³,
+table XVII has been prepared to permit these ratios to be transmuted into
+weight ÷ stature², English system.
+
+
+CLASSIFICATION OF BUILD.
+
+For the purposes of analysis, it was found necessary to make a small
+number of classes of build. To decide upon the limits of these classes, a
+polygon of frequency of all indices of build was made, as shown in figure
+7. It appeared plain at the outset that it is desirable to plot the
+data in this polygon by using as abscissæ the logarithms of the index of
+build rather than the absolute indices, since the range of weight above
+the mode is, for obvious reasons, very much greater than below the mode.
+Taking mean weight at 68 kg., or 150 pounds, the minimum weight is about
+20 kg. (45 pounds), or 25 kg. (55 pounds) below the mean, and the maximum
+weight is about 150 kg. (330 pounds), or 182 kg. (400 pounds) above the
+mean. That is, the range of weight classes is three times as great above
+as below the mean. Plotting data in logarithmic fashion, as shown in
+figure 7, it appears that the modal index of build is 2.3 (33). The range
+is from 1.4 (20) to 4.5 (64). Using the logarithms of abscissæ, the curve
+is more nearly a symmetrical one. It is more irregular above than below
+the mode, because the classes are more numerous and the frequency of each
+class smaller. The presence of two modes is suggestive of the hypothesis
+that the medium class and probably the fleshy classes are not strictly
+homogeneous, but, on the contrary, comprise groups of individuals whose
+build is due to dissimilar factors, or sets of factors.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 7.—Polygon of frequency of the various indices of
+build (weight ÷ stature²). From last column of table 12, with slight
+modifications.]
+
+To derive the desired classes from figure 7, the polygon was somewhat
+arbitrarily divided into five parts, as indicated. Taking 33.5 as a
+starting-point, an equal logarithmic distance was laid off, above and
+below this point, on the base-line. This was taken as the range of middle
+class. An equal logarithmic range was accorded the classes next above and
+below the median respectively. All of the remainders were thrown into the
+extreme classes to which are given, thus, a somewhat greater range than
+the interior classes. This seemed desirable, since their frequencies were
+so low. The adjusted classes finally adopted are as shown in table 9.
+
+
+TABLE 9.—_The five standard classes of build; limits and middle points of
+each._
+
+  +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
+  |                      |              Range of indices.            |
+  |                      +---------------+--------------+------------+
+  |       Class.         |               |              |  Middle    |
+  |                      |   Metric.     |   English.   | of class   |
+  |                      |               |              | (English). |
+  +----------------------+---------------+--------------+------------+
+  | Very slender (V. S.) | 1.40 to 1.80  | 20  to 25.4  |    23.5    |
+  | Slender (S.)         | 1.81    2.14  | 25.5   30.4  |    28.0    |
+  | Medium (M.)          | 2.15    2.56  | 30.5   36.4  |    33.5    |
+  | Fleshy (F.)          | 2.57    3.05  | 36.5   43.4  |    40.0    |
+  | Very fleshy (V. F.)  | 3.06    4.50+ | 43.5   64  + |    48.0    |
+  +----------------------+---------------+--------------+------------+
+
+
+SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATIONS IN BUILD.
+
+What is the meaning of the great variations of build described in the
+preceding paragraph? What is known in this matter may here be briefly
+summarized that it may be held in mind in considering the numerous cases
+to which we shall have occasion to refer.
+
+In general, it may be stated that variations in build are due to
+endogenous causes and exogenous causes. In this book we shall have
+occasion to examine especially the former—the constitutional or
+hereditary factors. These include idiosyncrasies of metabolism, in
+part controlled by peculiarities in the functioning of the endocrine
+glands; in part, probably, by even finer protoplasmic differences. Thus
+it is known that the thyroid gland greatly influences metabolism; its
+activity in growing children tends to produce tall and slender form. On
+the other hand, deficiency in its activity in childhood leads to the
+type of obesity known as cretinism, and in middle life to myxedema.
+The secretions of the pituitary gland cooperate with the thyroid in
+stimulating growth, especially in the preadolescent stage. When pituitary
+secretions are deficient there frequently results, it is believed, the
+adiposogenital syndrome, in which great masses of fat are deposited on
+breasts, abdomen, hips, and buttocks, and the gonads remain infantile.
+A case that quite certainly belongs to this category is shown by Beck
+(1922, p. 881) and reproduced in plate 8, figures 3, 4, 5; 3 of this
+man’s 4 sibs are fleshy and have scant beards. This is quite like our
+standard very fleshy case (plate 2, fig. 5). See, also, the extreme cases
+falling under this category described by Lyon, 1910.
+
+Lesions of the pineal gland (Beck, 1922, p. 909) and of the gonads are
+stated in some cases to induce obesity. Certain it is that, on the other
+hand, the activity of the gonads tends to slow up growth in stature and
+to increase the chest circumference (plate 6), and this change is more
+marked in the male than the female.
+
+The exogenous causes of build are striking, so much so that many
+physiologists seem to accept the hypothesis that they are of sole
+importance, that excess of fat is due merely to excess of calories
+ingested over those concerned in bodily activity. While no one will deny
+the possibility of starving most fleshy persons thin or of increasing the
+weight of most adults by an excess of food, yet it is also obvious that
+two persons of the same stature and fed equal amounts of similar food
+may come to differ enormously, due to internal conditions, sometimes of
+glandular origin and sometimes dependent upon, or at least associated
+with, disease.
+
+
+TABLE 10.—_Incidence of disease in relation to build._
+
+  +-------------------+-----------------+-------------------+-----------+
+  |                   |  In 10,000 of   |                   |           |
+  |                   |    standard     |   In persons of   |           |
+  |                   |   population.   |  selected build.  |           |
+  |                   +------+----------+------+------------+-----------+
+  |    Diagnosis of   |  1.  |    2.    |  3.  |    4.      |    5.     |
+  |      disease.     |      |          |      | Per cent   |           |
+  |                   |  No. | Per cent |  No. | afflicted  | Ratio of  |
+  |                   |  of  |afflicted.|  of  |in 69 V. S. | col. 4 to |
+  |                   |cases.|          |cases.|population. |  col. 2.  |
+  +-------------------+------+----------+------+------------+-----------+
+  |VERY SLENDER BUILD.|      |          |      |            |           |
+  |                   |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |       YOUTH.      |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |Influenza          |   7  |   0.07   |   2  |   2.81     |   40.14   |
+  |Tuberculosis       |  24  |    .24   |   2  |   2.81     |   11.70   |
+  |Colds              |  48  |    .48   |   3  |   4.34     |    9.04   |
+  |                   |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |    MIDDLE AGE.    |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |Melancholia        |  10  |    .10   |   2  |   2.81     |   28.10   |
+  |Nervousness        | 130  |   1.30   |   6  |   8.60     |    6.62   |
+  |Tuberculosis       |  58  |    .58   |   2  |   2.81     |    4.85   |
+  +-------------------+------+----------+------+------------+-----------+
+  |                   |      |          |      | Per cent   |           |
+  |  SLENDER BUILD.   |      |          |      | afflicted  |           |
+  |                   |      |          |      | in 737 S.  |           |
+  |      YOUTH.       |      |          |      |population. |           |
+  |Fevers             |   4  |   0.04   |   4  |   0.542    |   13.55   |
+  |Adenoids           |  10  |    .10   |   9  |   1.22     |   12.20   |
+  |Appendicitis       |  28  |    .28   |  13  |   1.76     |    6.28   |
+  |Anemia             |  11  |    .11   |   5  |    .68     |    6.16   |
+  |Tuberculosis       |  24  |    .24   |  10  |   1.35     |    5.62   |
+  |Tonsilitis         | 104  |   1.04   |  30  |   4.07     |    3.91   |
+  |Bronchitis         |  53  |    .53   |  12  |   1.62     |    3.06   |
+  |Pneumonia          | 165  |   1.65   |  34  |   4.61     |    2.79   |
+  |Nervous breakdown  |  74  |    .74   |  15  |   2.03     |    2.74   |
+  |Rheumatism         | 117  |   1.17   |  16  |   2.17     |    1.85   |
+  |Diphtheria         | 150  |   1.50   |  19  |   2.57     |    1.71   |
+  |Scarlet Fever      | 281  |   2.81   |  29  |   3.93     |    1.40   |
+  |Typhoid fever      | 253  |   2.53   |  25  |   3.39     |    1.34   |
+  |                   |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |   MIDDLE AGE.     |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |Anemia             |   3  |    .03   |   3  |    .407    |   13.57   |
+  |Intestinal trouble |   4  |    .04   |   3  |    .407    |   10.17   |
+  |Appendicitis       |  23  |    .23   |   9  |   1.220    |    5.30   |
+  |Tuberculosis       |  58  |    .58   |  22  |   2.980    |    5.14   |
+  |Heart disease      |  94  |    .94   |  15  |   2.030    |    2.16   |
+  |Pneumonia          | 139  |   1.39   |  22  |   2.980    |    2.14   |
+  |Typhoid fever      | 138  |   1.38   |  16  |   2.170    |    1.57   |
+  +-------------------+------+----------+------+------------+-----------+
+  |                   |      |          |      | Per cent   |           |
+  |   FLESHY BUILD    |      |          |      | afflicted  |           |
+  |                   |      |          |      | in 543 F.  |           |
+  |       YOUTH.      |      |          |      |population. |           |
+  |Adenoids           |  10  |   0.10   |   3  |   0.553    |   55.30   |
+  |Scarlet fever      | 281  |   2.81   |  36  |   6.642    |    2.36   |
+  |Typhoid fever      | 253  |   2.53   |  28  |   5.166    |    2.04   |
+  |Pneumonia          | 165  |   1.65   |  17  |   3.136    |    1.90   |
+  |                   |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |    MIDDLE AGE.    |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |Hernia             |   8  |   0.08   |   7  |    1.29    |   16.00   |
+  |Arterio-sclerosis  |   9  |    .09   |   6  |    1.10    |   12.22   |
+  |Bladder trouble    |  10  |    .10   |   6  |    1.10    |   11.00   |
+  |Measles            |  10  |    .10   |   6  |    1.10    |   11.00   |
+  |Appendicitis       |  23  |    .23   |  12  |    2.22    |    9.65   |
+  |Eczema             |   6  |    .06   |   3  |    0.55    |    9.17   |
+  |Hemorrhoids        |  13  |    .13   |   5  |    0.92    |    7.11   |
+  |Liver trouble      |  16  |    .16   |   6  |    1.10    |    6.88   |
+  |Paralysis          |  49  |    .49   |  18  |    3.38    |    6.80   |
+  |Heart trouble      |  94  |    .94   |  34  |    6.28    |    6.69   |
+  |Gallstones         |  22  |    .22   |   8  |    1.47    |    6.68   |
+  |Apoplexy           |  27  |    .27   |   8  |    1.47    |    5.44   |
+  |Tumor              |  18  |    .18   |   5  |    0.92    |    5.13   |
+  |Bronchitis         |  38  |    .38   |   9  |    1.66    |    4.37   |
+  |Erysipelas         |  31  |    .31   |   7  |    1.29    |    4.16   |
+  |Cancer             |  51  |    .51   |  10  |    1.84    |    3.61   |
+  |Pneumonia          | 139  |   1.39   |  27  |    4.98    |    3.58   |
+  |Malaria            |  43  |    .43   |   8  |    1.47    |    3.42   |
+  |Typhoid fever      | 138  |   1.38   |  22  |    4.06    |    2.95   |
+  |Kidney trouble     |  74  |    .74   |  11  |    2.03    |    2.74   |
+  |Rheumatism         | 349  |   3.49   |  37  |    6.82    |    1.95   |
+  +-------------------+------+----------+------+------------+-----------+
+  |                   |      |          |      | Per cent   |           |
+  | VERY FLESHY BUILD.|      |          |      | afflicted  |           |
+  |                   |      |          |      |in 103 V. F.|           |
+  |       YOUTH.      |      |          |      |population. |           |
+  |Pneumonia          | 165  |   1.65   |   7  |    6.79    |    4.115  |
+  |                   |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |    MIDDLE AGE.    |      |          |      |            |           |
+  |Dropsy             |  14  |   0.14   |   3  |    2.91    |   20.80   |
+  |Stomach trouble    |  15  |    .15   |   3  |    2.91    |   19.40   |
+  |Apoplexy           |  37  |    .37   |   5  |    4.85    |   11.40   |
+  |Kidney trouble     |  74  |    .74   |   8  |    7.76    |   10.60   |
+  |Cancer             |  51  |    .51   |   4  |    3.88    |    7.61   |
+  |Heart disease      |  94  |    .94   |   6  |    5.82    |    6.20   |
+  |Pneumonia          | 139  |   1.39   |   8  |    7.76    |    5.6    |
+  |Malaria            |  43  |    .43   |   2  |    1.94    |    4.5    |
+  |Typhoid fever      | 138  |   1.38   |   6  |    5.82    |    4.2    |
+  |Rheumatism         | 349  |   3.49   |  10  |    9.70    |    2.8    |
+  +-------------------+------+----------+------+------------+-----------+
+
+Very slender build: A. Youth; expectation for cases of measles, 2; found,
+none.
+
+Slender build: A. Youth; expectation for cases of whooping-cough, 7;
+chicken-pox, 4; colds, 4; croup, 3. Cases found, none. B. Middle Age;
+expectation for cases of eye trouble, 30, erysipelas, 24, tonsillitis,
+23, and apoplexy, 21. Cases found, none.
+
+Fleshy build: A. Youth; expectation for cases of ear trouble, 19, lung
+trouble, 18. Cases found, none. B. Middle age; expectation for cases of
+throat trouble, 5. Cases found, none.
+
+
+DISEASES IN RELATION TO BUILD.
+
+As just stated, it is frequently true that build is influenced
+permanently by disease. To test the influence of disease on, or
+association of diseases with, different types of build, a tabulation was
+made of the diseases recorded (in the Records of Family Traits, Eugenics
+Record Office) as occurring during youth and during middle age in 10,000
+fairly well described persons. This constituted the control. Then there
+was determined for our groups of very slender, slender, fleshy, and very
+fleshy, the incidence of disease. The ratio of the percentage incidence
+of the latter to the former was then calculated. In table 10 is given in
+sum many of the results found for the principal diseases. This table may
+now be briefly discussed.
+
+Persons of _very slender_ build are characterized in youth by an excess
+of respiratory diseases—influenza, tuberculosis, and colds. In middle age
+they show an excess of melancholia, nervousness, and tuberculosis.
+
+In 737 persons of _slender_ build there are found in youth many diseases
+in excess of normal incidence. These comprise diseases of the respiratory
+tract—tuberculosis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia; some nervous
+diseases, “nervous breakdown”; various general infections, such as
+“fevers,” appendicitis, anemia, “rheumatism,” diphtheria, scarlet and
+typhoid fevers. One might conclude that slender youth are relatively
+nonresistant to infections. In slender persons there is found in middle
+age an excess of tuberculosis and pneumonia, much appendicitis and
+intestinal trouble, and (as also in youth) anemia.
+
+These associations of slender build and disease are not always easy to
+interpret. The common idea of the tubercular diathesis comprises slender
+form. On the other hand, a person who has, or has recovered from, active
+pulmonary tuberculosis is apt to remain underweight, partly because
+the respiratory apparatus is damaged. The association of “nervousness”
+with slenderness is probably due to the double effect of some glandular
+dystrophy, as, for example, of the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroid
+individuals are usually tall, slender, and “nervous” or irritable.
+
+In 103 persons of _very fleshy_ build, the only outstanding disease of
+youth is pneumonia. In middle age occur “kidney trouble,” “dropsy” (which
+often accompanies chronic nephritis), and apoplexy, which is sometimes
+caused by extra pressure on the blood-vessels resulting from impeded
+elimination from the kidney or to a diabetic tendency which puts extra
+work on the vessels. “Heart disease” is also commoner than usual.
+
+In 542 persons of fleshy build, “bladder trouble” (probably including
+diabetes) and kidney trouble are exceptionally frequent, also
+arterio-sclerosis and its accompaniments, apoplexy and paralysis.
+Hernia is frequent, as are various diseases of the digestive tract,
+such as appendicitis, hemorrhoids, liver trouble, and gallstones. These
+are doubtless not the cause of, but a consequence or concomitant of,
+overweight. Sibilant bronchitis, lithiasis (uric and biliare), and
+diabetes mellitus are mentioned, in addition to the above, by Heckel
+(1920, p. 31) as especially apt to be associated with obesity.
+
+
+TABLE 11.—_Distribution of progeny of the different matings according to
+index of build; males and females tabulated separately._
+
+[From Appendix tables, omitting starred families.]
+
+
+  +----------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                    Distribution of male progeny.               |
+  +----------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |Index of build (English)                                        |
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+
+  |   |VS |VS | V | S | S | S  | S | M | M | M  | F  | F |VF |Total|
+  |   |×  | × | × | × | × | ×  | × | × | × | ×  | ×  | × | × |  ♂  |
+  |   |S  | M | F | S | M | F  |VF | M | F | VF | F  |VF |VF |     |
+  |   |II |III|IV | VI|VII|VIII|IX | X | XI| XII|XIII|XIV|XV |     |
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+
+  | 22|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |
+  | 23|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |
+  | 24|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |
+  | 25|  1|   |   |  1|   |   1|   |   |   |  1 |    |   |   |    4|
+  | 26|  1|   |   |   |  1|    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    2|
+  | 27|  1|   |  1|  7|   |    |   |  1|   |  1 |    |   |   |   11|
+  | 28|   |  1|   |  5|   |   1|  1|  1|   |    |    |   |   |    9|
+  | 29|   |  1|   |  4|  3|   2|   |  3|  2|  1 |   2|   |   |   18|
+  | 30|   |   |   |  5|  8|   2|  2| 13|  7|  1 |   1|   |   |   39|
+  | 31|  1|   |   |  2| 17|   5|  1| 10|  6|  2 |   2|  1|  1|   48|
+  | 32|   |  2|  2|  3| 21|   7|  2| 18| 25|  3 |   4|  4|  3|   94|
+  | 33|   |  2|  1|  2| 23|  13|  2| 23| 26|  4 |   3|  7|  1|  107|
+  | 34|   |  2|  1|   | 17|  14|  1| 16| 21|  3 |   4|  3|  1|   83|
+  | 35|   |   |   |   | 24|   8|  2| 25| 20|  8 |   8|  5|  2|  102|
+  | 36|   |  1|   |   | 14|   4|   | 25| 20|  1 |   9|  2|  1|   77|
+  | 37|   |  1|  1|   | 12|  10|  1|  8| 14|  5 |   6|  1|  1|   60|
+  | 38|   |   |  1|   |  9|   9|  2| 10| 16|  3 |   9|  3|   |   62|
+  | 39|  1|   |   |   |  6|   4|  5|  8|  5|  9 |   7|  7|  1|   53|
+  | 40|   |   |  1|   |  4|   2|  1|  6|  6|  5 |   4|  5|  1|   35|
+  | 41|   |   |  2|   |  4|   1|   |  4| 10|    |   1|  2|   |   24|
+  | 42|   |   |   |   |  1|   2|  1|  1|  5|  1 |   4|  6|   |   21|
+  | 43|   |  1|  1|   |  2|   2|   |  3|  2|  1 |   3|  4|   |   19|
+  | 44|   |   |   |   |  1|    |  1|   |  1|  1 |    |  2|  1|    7|
+  | 45|   |   |   |   |  1|   1|   |   |  2|  4 |   2|   |  2|   12|
+  | 46|   |   |   |   |   |    |  1|  1|   |  2 |    |  2|  1|    7|
+  | 47|   |   |   |   |  1|    |   |  1|  2|    |   4|   |  2|   10|
+  | 48|   |   |   |   |  1|    |   |   |   |    |    |  2|   |    3|
+  | 49|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |  1|   |    |    |   |   |    1|
+  | 50|   |   |   |   |  1|    |   |   |   |  1 |    |   |  2|    4|
+  | 51|   |   |  1|   |  1|    |   |   |   |    |   2|   |  1|    5|
+  | 52|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    0|
+  | 53|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |  2|    |   2|  1|   |    5|
+  | 54|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |  1|    |    |   |   |    1|
+  | 55|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    0|
+  | 56|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    0|
+  | 57|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    0|
+  | 58|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |  1|    |    |   |   |    1|
+  |   |   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    0|
+  | 79|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |  1 |    |   |   |    1|
+  |103|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |  1 |    |   |   |    1|
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+
+  | ♂ |  5| 11| 12| 29|172| 88 | 23|178|194|  59|  77| 57| 21|  926|
+  | ♀ |  6| 17| 13| 18|134| 67 | 11|149|146|  53|  79| 43|  9|  745|
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+
+  |Total  |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |
+  | ♂ |   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |
+  |and|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |
+  | ♀ | 11| 28| 25| 47|306| 155| 34|327|340| 112| 156|100| 30| 1671|
+  +---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+
+
+                           Avg. ♂, 35.81 ± 0.12.
+                            σ ♂, 5.325 ± 0.084.
+
+
+TABLE 11A.—_Distribution of progeny of the different matings according to
+index of build; males and females tabulated separately_—Continued.
+
+[From Appendix tables, omitting starred families.]
+
+  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                Distribution of female progeny.                       |
+  +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |Index of build (English)                                              |
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+-----+
+  |   |VS |VS | V | S | S | S  | S | M | M | M  | F  | F |VF |Total|Total|
+  |   |×  | × | × | × | × | ×  | × | × | × | ×  | ×  | × | × |  ♀  |  ♂  |
+  |   |S  | M | F | S | M | F  |VF | M | F | VF | F  |VF |VF |     | and |
+  |   |II |III|IV | VI|VII|VIII|IX | X | XI| XII|XIII|XIV|XV |     |  ♀  |
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+-----+
+  | 22|   |  1|   |  1|   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    2|    2|
+  | 23|  1|   |   |   |   |   1|   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    2|    2|
+  | 24|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |    0|    0|
+  | 25|   |   |  1|  3|   |   1|   |  2|   |   1|    |   |   |    8|   12|
+  | 26|  2|  1|   |  3|  3|   3|   |   |  1|    |   1|   |   |   14|   16|
+  | 27|   |  1|  1|  4|  2|   1|   |  3|   |    |    |  1|   |   13|   24|
+  | 28|   |   |  1|  1| 11|   1|   |  1|  4|    |   2|   |   |   21|   30|
+  | 29|  1|  1|  1|  2| 10|   5|  1|  7|  5|   2|   6|   |   |   41|   59|
+  | 30|  1|  2|  1|  1| 10|   6|   | 10|  9|   2|   3|  2|   |   47|   86|
+  | 31|   |  4|   |  1| 22|   8|  2| 15|  9|   4|   2|  3|  1|   71|  119|
+  | 32|  1|  1|  1|  2| 18|   2|  2| 12| 15|   6|   2|  2|  1|   65|  159|
+  | 33|   |  4|  2|   | 12|  11|  1| 14| 20|   4|   1|  2|   |   71|  178|
+  | 34|   |   |  1|   |  9|   4|   | 12| 13|   9|   8|  2|  2|   60|  143|
+  | 35|   |   |  2|   | 10|   2|   |  9| 13|   4|   9|  3|   |   52|  154|
+  | 36|   |  1|   |   |  7|   2|  1| 19| 20|   2|   8|  4|  1|   65|  142|
+  | 37|   |   |   |   |  3|   3|  1| 14|  8|   4|   7|  2|   |   42|  102|
+  | 38|   |   |   |   |  2|   5|  1|  7|  7|   2|   2|  5|   |   31|   93|
+  | 39|   |   |   |   |  2|   5|   | 10|  5|   2|    |  1|  1|   26|   79|
+  | 40|   |   |  1|   |  3|   1|  1|  3|  6|    |   6|  1|  1|   23|   58|
+  | 41|   |   |   |   |  2|   1|  1|  5|  1|   2|   2|  1|   |   14|   38|
+  | 42|   |  1|   |   |  1|   3|   |  2|  2|    |   7|  3|  1|   21|   42|
+  | 43|   |   |   |   |  2|   1|   |   |  1|   2|   3|  1|   |   10|   29|
+  | 44|   |   |   |   |  1|   1|   |   |  2|    |   6|  1|   |   11|   18|
+  | 45|   |   |   |   |  2|    |   |  1|   |   2|    |  3|   |    8|   20|
+  | 46|   |   |  1|   |  1|    |   |   |  1|   1|    |  1|   |    5|   12|
+  | 47|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |  2|    |   1|  2|  1|    6|   16|
+  | 48|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |   1|    |  1|   |    2|    5|
+  | 49|   |   |   |   |  1|    |   |  1|  1|   1|   2|   |   |    6|    7|
+  | 50|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |  1|   1|    |   |   |    2|    6|
+  | 51|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |  1|   |    |    |  1|   |    2|    7|
+  | 52|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |   1|   1|   |   |    2|    2|
+  | 53|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |  1|   |    1|    6|
+  | 54|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |    1|
+  | 55|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |    0|
+  | 56|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |  1|   |    |    |   |   |    1|    1|
+  | 57|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |    0|
+  | 58|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |    1|
+  | 79|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |    1|
+  |103|   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |    1|
+  |   |   |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |     |     |
+  |   +---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+-----+
+  | ♀ |  6| 17| 13| 18|134|  67|  1|149|146|  53|  79| 43|  9|  745| 1671|
+  +---+---+---+---+---+---+----+---+---+---+----+----+---+---+-----+-----+
+
+                           Avg. ♀, 34.54 ± 0.17.
+                          S. D. ♀, 5.133 ± 0.089.
+
+The one clear conclusion from this study is that no single disease and
+no special single collection of diseases is exclusively responsible for
+exceptionally slender or exceptionally fleshy build. The variations in
+build are due primarily rather to various idiosyncrasies of development
+and metabolism which have largely an hereditary basis, upon which may be
+superimposed modifications by various types of disease.
+
+
+TABLE 12.—_Distribution of progeny of the different matings, according
+to index of build; sexes tabulated together, based on Appendix tables,
+omitting starred families._
+
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |    Serial    |  II | III | IV  |  VI | VII | VIII|  IX |
+  |  mating No.  |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |   Type of    |  VS |  VS |  VS |  S  |  S  |  S  |  S  |
+  |   mating.    |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |
+  |              |  S  |  M  |  F  |  S  |  M  |  F  |  VF |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |  Av. index   | 26.1| 28.4| 32.0| 29.8| 30.9| 33.8| 37.9|
+  |  of build    |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |   No. of     |   4 |   8 |   5 |  23 | 101 |  49 |  11 |
+  |   matings.   |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |      22      |     |   1 |     |   1 |     |     |     |
+  |      23      |   1 |     |     |     |     |   1 |     |
+  |      24      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      25      |   1 |     |   1 |   4 |     |   2 |     |
+  |      26      |   3 |   1 |     |   3 |   4 |   3 |     |
+  |      27      |   1 |   1 |   2 |  11 |   2 |   1 |     |
+  |      28      |     |   1 |   1 |   6 |  11 |   2 |   1 |
+  |      29      |   1 |   2 |   1 |   6 |  13 |   7 |   1 |
+  |      30      |   1 |   2 |   1 |   6 |  18 |   8 |   2 |
+  |      31      |   1 |   4 |     |   3 |  39 |  13 |   3 |
+  |      32      |   1 |   3 |   3 |   5 |  39 |   9 |   4 |
+  |      33      |     |   6 |   3 |   2 |  35 |  24 |   3 |
+  |      34      |     |   2 |   2 |     |  26 |  18 |   1 |
+  |      35      |     |     |   2 |     |  34 |  10 |   2 |
+  |      36      |     |   2 |     |     |  21 |   6 |   1 |
+  |      37      |     |   1 |   1 |     |  15 |  13 |   2 |
+  |      38      |     |     |   1 |     |  11 |  14 |   3 |
+  |      39      |   1 |     |     |     |   8 |   9 |   5 |
+  |      40      |     |     |   2 |     |   7 |   3 |   2 |
+  |      41      |     |     |   2 |     |   5 |   2 |   1 |
+  |      42      |     |   1 |     |     |   3 |   5 |   1 |
+  |      43      |     |   1 |   1 |     |   4 |   3 |     |
+  |      44      |     |     |     |     |   2 |   1 |   1 |
+  |      45      |     |     |     |     |   3 |   1 |     |
+  |      46      |     |     |   1 |     |   4 |     |   1 |
+  |      47      |     |     |     |     |   1 |     |     |
+  |      48      |     |     |     |     |   1 |     |     |
+  |      49      |     |     |     |     |   1 |     |     |
+  |      50      |     |     |     |     |   1 |     |     |
+  |      51      |     |     |   1 |     |   1 |     |     |
+  |      52      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      53      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      54      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      55      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      56      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      57      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      58      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |      79      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |     103      |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |   Total      |  11 |  28 |  25 |  47 | 306 | 155 |  34 |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |Adult progeny |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  |  per mating  | 2.75| 3.50| 5.00| 2.04| 3.03| 3.16| 3.09|
+  |Average       |28.55|32.18|35.04|28.47|34.01|34.39|35.68|
+  |P. E. of aver.| ±.86| ±.54| ±.83| ±.24| ±.16| ±.22| ±.51|
+  |σ             | 4.21| 4.20| 6.18| 2.41| 4.20| 4.13| 4.44|
+  |P. E. of σ    | ±.61| ±.38| ±.59| ±.17| ±.11| ±.16| ±.36|
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |    Serial    |  X  |  XI | XII | XIII| XIV |  XV |      |
+  |  mating No.  |     |     |     |     |     |     |      |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+      |
+  |   Type of    |  M  |  M  |  M  |  F  |  F  |  VF |      |
+  |   mating.    |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |  ×  |Total.|
+  |              |  M  |  F  |  VF |  F  |  VF |  VF |      |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+      |
+  |  Av. index   |     |     |     |     |     |     |      |
+  |  of build    | 33.2| 36.4| 40.7| 39.2| 43.0| 47.4|      |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |   No. of     |     |     |     |     |     |     |      |
+  |   matings.   |  92 | 114 |  30 |  33 |  29 |   7 | 506  |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |      22      |     |     |     |     |     |     |    2 |
+  |      23      |     |     |     |     |     |     |    2 |
+  |      24      |     |     |     |     |     |     |    0 |
+  |      25      |   2 |     |   2 |     |     |     |   12 |
+  |      26      |     |   1 |     |   1 |     |     |   16 |
+  |      27      |   4 |     |   1 |     |   1 |     |   24 |
+  |      28      |   2 |   4 |     |   2 |     |     |   30 |
+  |      29      |  10 |   7 |   3 |   8 |     |     |   59 |
+  |      30      |  23 |  16 |   3 |   4 |   2 |     |   86 |
+  |      31      |  25 |  15 |   6 |   4 |   4 |   2 |  119 |
+  |      32      |  30 |  40 |   9 |   6 |   6 |   4 |  159 |
+  |      33      |  37 |  46 |   8 |   4 |   9 |   1 |  178 |
+  |      34      |  28 |  34 |  12 |  12 |   5 |   3 |  143 |
+  |      35      |  34 |  33 |  12 |  17 |   8 |   2 |  154 |
+  |      36      |  44 |  40 |   3 |  17 |   6 |   2 |  142 |
+  |      37      |  22 |  22 |   9 |  13 |   3 |   1 |  102 |
+  |      38      |  17 |  23 |   5 |  11 |   8 |     |   93 |
+  |      39      |  18 |  10 |  11 |   7 |   8 |   2 |   79 |
+  |      40      |   9 |  12 |   5 |  10 |   6 |   2 |   58 |
+  |      41      |   9 |  11 |   2 |   3 |   3 |     |   38 |
+  |      42      |   3 |   7 |   1 |  11 |   9 |   1 |   42 |
+  |      43      |   3 |   3 |   3 |   6 |   5 |     |   29 |
+  |      44      |     |   3 |   1 |   6 |   3 |   1 |   18 |
+  |      45      |   1 |   2 |   6 |   2 |   3 |   2 |   20 |
+  |      46      |   1 |   1 |   3 |     |   3 |   1 |   12 |
+  |      47      |   1 |   4 |     |   5 |   2 |   3 |   16 |
+  |      48      |     |     |   1 |     |   3 |     |    5 |
+  |      49      |   2 |   1 |   1 |   2 |     |     |    7 |
+  |      50      |     |   1 |   2 |     |     |   2 |    6 |
+  |      51      |   1 |     |     |   2 |   1 |   1 |    7 |
+  |      52      |     |     |   1 |   1 |     |     |    2 |
+  |      53      |     |   2 |     |   2 |   2 |     |    6 |
+  |      54      |     |   1 |     |     |     |     |    1 |
+  |      55      |     |     |     |     |     |     |    0 |
+  |      56      |   1 |     |     |     |     |     |    1 |
+  |      57      |     |     |     |     |     |     |    0 |
+  |      58      |     |   1 |     |     |     |     |    1 |
+  |      79      |     |     |   1 |     |     |     |    1 |
+  |     103      |     |     |   1 |     |     |     |    1 |
+  |   Total      | 327 | 340 | 112 | 156 | 100 |  30 | 1671 |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |Adult progeny |     |     |     |     |     |     |      |
+  |  per mating  | 3.55| 2.98| 3.70| 4.72| 3.45| 4.29| 3.29 |
+  |Average       |34.79|35.41|37.64|37.56|38.49|39.20|35.24 |
+  |P. E. of aver.| ±.15| ±.16| ±.58| ±.29| ±.38| ±.78| ±.087|
+  |σ             | 4.05| 4.34| 9.11| 5.37| 5.38| 6.31| 5.29 |
+  |P. E. of σ    | ±.11| ±.11| ±.41| ±.21| ±.27| ±.55| ±.06 |
+  +--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
+
+
+MASS STUDY OF VARIATION AND HEREDITY IN BUILD.
+
+Having considered the classification and something of the causes of
+variation in build, we have now to consider the relation between the
+build of the parents and that of the progeny. This is the mass treatment
+of the data of “heredity” which was the prevailing method 25 years ago
+and earlier. It is still a useful method in the case of traits due to
+multiple factors, such as the present one.
+
+The distribution of build in the children of the different matings
+is given in tables 11, 11A, and 12. There are 15 possible different
+combinations of matings of the five grades. The first of these (VS × VS)
+is not represented in our data, and the fifth, VS × VF, is represented
+by only one mating and no column is devoted to it. The frequencies are
+given separately for male and female offspring (table 11), and again
+for both sexes together (table 12). Table 13 shows that there is a
+considerable correlation between the average build of the parentage and
+that of the progeny. From the matings of the fleshier parents the progeny
+are fleshier; from those of slender parents, slenderer. This relation
+may conceivably be due to family tradition handed down from parents to
+children. We shall see later that this hypothesis meets with formidable
+difficulties to acceptance. The most reasonable hypothesis is that there
+are, above all, hereditary family tendencies that help determine build.
+
+
+TABLE 13.—_Distribution of progeny of the various matings, according to
+classes of build, absolute numbers, and proportions, based on Appendix
+table, including starred families._
+
+  +----------------+-----------+---------------------+-------------------+
+  |                |           |                     |   Proportional    |
+  |                |  Total    |  Absolute numbers.  |   frequencies     |
+  |Type of mating. |  No. of   |                     |   (per mille).    |
+  |                | children. +----+---+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |                |           |VS. | S.| M. | F.|VF.|VS.| S.| M.| F.|VF.|
+  +----------------+-----------+----+---+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |No.  II VS × S  |    20     |  4 | 12|   2|  2|   |200|600|100|100|   |
+  |    III VS × M  |    28     |  1 |  7|  17|  3|   | 36|250|607|107|   |
+  |     IV VS × F  |    25     |  1 |  5|  10|  7|  2| 40|200|400|280| 80|
+  |     VI  S × S  |    51     |  5 | 35|  11|   |   | 98|686|215|   |   |
+  |    VII  S × M  |   313     |    | 49| 200| 53| 11|   |157|639|169| 35|
+  |   VIII  S × F  |   179     |  5 | 25|  85| 57|  7| 28|140|475|318| 39|
+  |     IX  S × VF |    50     |    |  7|  18| 17|  8|   |140|360|340|160|
+  |      X  M × M  |   332     |  2 | 40| 201| 82|  7|  6|121|605|247| 21|
+  |     XI  M × F  |   346     |    | 31| 210| 88| 17|   | 90|606|255| 49|
+  |    XII  M × VF |   112     |  2 |  7|  50| 36| 17| 18| 63|446|321|152|
+  |   XIII  F × F  |   159     |    | 15|  62| 61| 21|   | 94|390|384|132|
+  |    XIV  F × VF |   146     |  1 |  7|  52| 51| 35|  7| 48|356|349|240|
+  |     XV VF × VF |    37     |    |   |  12|  8| 10|   |   |400|267|333|
+  |                +-----------+----+---+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |     Total      |  1798     |    |   |    |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
+  +----------------+-----------+----+---+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+
+Comparing the tables for male and female offspring, it appears, first,
+that there are, for some reason, more males than females about whom data
+of build are given, probably because more males than females know their
+stature and weight, or willingly record it; second, there are relatively
+more females than males of very slender build (grades 22 to 31); there
+are recorded relatively more very fleshy males than females (grades of
+50 and above); third, there are relatively more recorded daughters than
+sons derived from one very slender parent, and from the F × F and M × M
+matings. The male progeny are more variable than the female as 5.325 ±
+0.084 is to 5.133 ± 0.089; but the difference is less than three times
+the probable error, and is, consequently, not very significant.
+
+Considering next the table of total progeny of the various matings, it
+appears that the average number of children with recorded build from the
+recorded matings is variable. In descending order the fecundity of the
+matings is shown in table 14. This table shows that larger families, on
+the average, were derived from fleshy parents than from slender parents.
+Thus the F × F matings yield 2.3 times as many children, on the average,
+per mating as the S × S matings.
+
+
+TABLE 14.—_Average number of progeny yielded by each type of mating
+(based on table 12)._
+
+  +-------+---------+-------+---------+
+  |Mating.| No. of  |Mating.| No. of  |
+  |       |children.|       |children.|
+  +-------+---------+-------+---------+
+  |VS × F |   5.00  | S × F |  3.16   |
+  | F × F |   4.72  | S × VF|  3.09   |
+  |VF × VF|   4.29  | S × M |  3.03   |
+  | M × VF|   3.70  | M × F |  2.98   |
+  | M × M |   3.55  |VS × S |  2.75   |
+  |VS × M |   3.50  | S × S |  2.04   |
+  | F × VF|   3.45  |       |         |
+  +-------+---------+-------+---------+
+
+
+REGRESSION OF PROGENY TOWARD MEDIOCRITY.
+
+Galton pointed out, in the case of stature, that, since correlation
+between parents and progeny is not perfect, the progeny of selected
+parents will tend to be less extremely selected and hence more nearly
+mediocre than their parents. It has, indeed, been shown in my studies
+on stature (1917, p. 341) that the progeny of tall parents do not show
+this regression to mediocrity as much as the progeny of short parents.
+This was regarded as evidence that the gametes of tall parents carried
+fewer recessive allelomorphs than those of short parents; hence were
+genetically “purer” and comprise more recessive factors. What is the
+condition in respect to the varying indices of build?
+
+The answer to this question is given in table 15, which in turn is based
+on table 12. This table shows for each of the 13 matings the average
+departure of the parents from mediocre build (which for the parents is
+34.86) and the corresponding departure of their offspring from mediocre
+build (which for the progeny is 35.24). In the right-hand column of
+the table is given the difference between these two departures, which
+measures the amount of regression toward mediocrity on the part of the
+progeny. The results of the last column are shown graphically in figure 8.
+
+
+TABLE 15.—_Average build and regression from parental average of the
+progeny of the various types of mating. Also matings arranged in order of
+regression. Sexes combined (based on table 12)._
+
+  +-------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |       |        |        |        |           |       |    Regression.|
+  |       |        |        |  Avg.  |           |  Departure of |       |
+  |Type of| No. of | No. of | build  |Avg. build |parents|progeny|       |
+  |mating.|matings.|progeny.|  of    |of progeny.|     from      |       |
+  |       |        |        |parents.|           |   mediocrity. |       |
+  +-------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
+  |VS × S |    4   |    11  |  26.13 |28.55 ± .86| -8.73 | -6.69 | +2.04 |
+  |VS × M |    8   |    28  |  28.38 |32.18 ± .54| -6.48 | -3.06 | +3.42 |
+  |VS × F |    5   |    25  |  32.00 |35.04 ± .83| -2.86 | -0.20 | +2.66 |
+  | S × S |   23   |    47  |  29.77 |28.47 ± .24| -5.09 | -6.77 | -1.68 |
+  | S × M |  101   |   306  |  30.90 |34.01 ± .16| -3.96 | -1.23 | +2.73 |
+  | S × F |   49   |   155  |  33.85 |34.39 ± .22| -1.01 | -0.85 | +0.16 |
+  | S × VF|   11   |    34  |  37.91 |35.48 ± .51| +3.05 | +0.24 | +2.81 |
+  | M × M |   92   |   327  |  33.23 |34.79 ± .15| -1.63 | -0.45 | +1.18 |
+  | M × F |  114   |   340  |  36.45 |35.41 ± .16| +1.59 | +0.17 | +1.42 |
+  | M × VF|   30   |   112  |  40.68 |36.53 ± .38| +5.82 | +1.29 | +4.53 |
+  | F × F |   33   |   156  |  39.21 |37.56 ± .29| +4.35 | +2.32 | +2.03 |
+  | F × VF|   30   |   100  |  42.97 |38.49 ± .36| +8.11 | +3.25 | +4.86 |
+  |VF × VF|    7   |    30  |  47.43 |39.20 ± .78| +12.57| +3.96 | +8.61 |
+  |       +--------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
+  | Total |  507   |  1671  |  34.86 |35.24      |       |       |       |
+  +-------+--------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+-------+-------+
+
+                      Mediocrity for parents, 34.86.
+                      Mediocrity for progeny, 35.24.
+
+MATINGS ARRANGED IN ORDER OF REGRESSION.
+
+  +---------+-------+
+  |  S × S  | -1.68 |
+  |  S × F  | +0.16 |
+  |  M × M  | +1.18 |
+  |  M × F  | +1.42 |
+  |  F × F  | +2.03 |
+  | VS × S  | +2.04 |
+  | VS × F  | +2.66 |
+  |  S × M  | +2.73 |
+  |  S × VF | +2.81 |
+  | VS × M  | +3.42 |
+  |  M × VF | +4.53 |
+  |  F × VF | +4.86 |
+  | VF × VF | +8.61 |
+  +---------+-------+
+
+Figure 8 shows clearly that, in spite of considerable irregularities, the
+line of regression descends from the matings of two very fleshy parents
+at the left, and in general from matings in which the average parental
+departure from the mean build of parents is positive, to the mating of
+two slender parents (or, less strikingly the VS × S mating) or in general
+to the matings in which the average parental departure is extremely
+negative. This result is most easily explained on the ground that whereas
+fleshy parents carry all sorts of gametes for build, slender parents
+carry a preponderance of gametes of their own kind; hence the progeny do
+not regress so much from the selected parental condition. This suggests
+that the slender parents are more nearly homozygous than the fleshy
+parents.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 8.—Line of regression of progeny on parents, based
+on the difference between average filial and parental departures from
+mediocrity. The abscissæ measure the average parental departure of each
+class of mating. The ordinates are proportional to the filial regression.]
+
+Still another test of the gametic composition of the parents is the
+variability of their offspring. The facts regarding such variability
+are given in table 16. From this table it appears that the mating that
+yields the least variable progeny is that of two slender consorts. The
+variability in their progeny is measured by 2.41 ± 0.17. The variability
+of the progeny of the VS × S mating is greater, 4.21 ± 0.61, but on
+account of the small number of the progeny the probable error is large,
+and it is possible that this difference in variability between S × S and
+VS × S progeny is not a significant one. Next to the least variable
+are the offspring of the M × M mating, 4.06 ± 0.11, and this leads to
+the conclusion that a large proportion of the M parents are not merely
+heterozygous, but constitute a “pure race” of medium build. The offspring
+of the S × F mating have a fairly small variability 4.13 ± 0.16, as
+befits a first generation (F₁) hybrid. On the other extreme, we have
+the M × VF mating with a standard deviation of 9.11 ± 0.41. This large
+standard deviation is due chiefly to the inclusion of one family (Ber-A)
+which contains 2 progeny of builds 79 and 103, weighing 180 kg. (400
+pounds) and 215 kg. (475 pounds) respectively. Otherwise, the variability
+of this mating is not extreme. It is 5.25 ± 0.24. The next largest
+variability is from the VF × VF mating, 6.31 ± 0.55, a variability that
+is due to the absence of any important mode. The progeny of the VS × F
+mating are highly variable, 6.18 ± 0.59, but this standard deviation has
+the largest probable error of any except VS × S, so that great stress
+must not be laid upon its exact position. In general, the progeny of
+matings with 2 or 1 F or VF parents, belong to the more variable group
+and those with S (or VS) parents to the less variable group. The meaning
+of this is clear to the geneticist who has dealt with multiple factors.
+It indicates that some or all of the factors that make for fleshy build
+dominate to a greater or less degree over the factors for slenderness.
+The test of the regression of progeny toward mediocrity and the test of
+the variability of the progeny of the various matings thus lead to the
+same result—the factors for fleshiness are imperfectly dominant over
+those for slenderness, and the latter probably lack some or all of those
+factors that make for fleshy build.
+
+
+TABLE 16.—_Progeny of the various types of matings arranged in order of
+variability or standard deviation (S. D.), together with the probable
+errors (P. E.) of the means and deviations; also the coefficients of
+variation (based on table 12)._
+
+  +-------+--------+-------------------+------------------+--------------+
+  |Type of| No. of |   Mean build of   |Standard deviation|Coefficient of|
+  |mating.|progeny.|progeny and (P. E.)|   and (P. E.)    | variability. |
+  +-------+--------+-------------------+------------------+--------------+
+  | S × S |    47  |    28.47 ± 0.24   |    2.41 ± 0.17   |      8.97    |
+  | M × M |   327  |    34.79 ± 0.15   |    4.06 ± 0.11   |     11.67    |
+  | S × F |   155  |    34.39 ± 0.22   |    4.13 ± 0.16   |     12.01    |
+  | S × M |   306  |    34.01 ± 0.16   |    4.20 ± 0.11   |     12.35    |
+  |VS × S |    11  |    28.55 ± 0.86   |    4.21 ± 0.61   |     14.75    |
+  |VS × M |    28  |    32.18 ± 0.54   |    4.22 ± 0.38   |     13.11    |
+  | M × F |   340  |    35.41 ± 0.16   |    4.27 ± 0.11   |     12.06    |
+  | S × VF|    34  |    35.68 ± 0.51   |    4.44 ± 0.36   |     12.44    |
+  | F × F |   157  |    37.56 ± 0.29   |    5.37 ± 0.20   |     14.30    |
+  | F × VF|   100  |    38.49 ± 0.36   |    5.38 ± 0.27   |      3.98    |
+  |VS × F |    25  |    35.04 ± 0.83   |    6.18 ± 0.59   |     17.64    |
+  |VF × VF|    30  |    39.20 ± 0.78   |    6.31 ± 0.55   |     16.10    |
+  | M × VF|   112  |    37.64 ± 0.58   |    9.11 ± 0.41   |     24.17    |
+  +-------+--------+-------------------+------------------+--------------+
+
+
+HYPOTHESIS.
+
+The foregoing brief studies of the progeny of classes of matings suggest
+the following hypothesis:
+
+Fleshy build results from the action of several positive (dominant)
+factors that make for stoutness, while slenderness results from the
+absence of one or more of such factors, or is due to recessive factors.
+Fleshy parents may, and frequently do, carry gametes which lack the
+“fleshy” or carry the “slender” factor, while in slender parents for the
+most part the gametes carry only the slender factor, hence the gametes
+of slender parents are more nearly homogeneous. This hypothesis may be
+further developed as follows:
+
+Assuming that there are two independent factors A and B for build, then
+these may be found in different zygotes in the following combinations:
+
+  AABB     AaBB     aABB     aaBB
+  AABb     AaBb     aABb     aaBb
+  AAbB     AabB     aAbB     aabB
+  AAbb     Aabb     aAbb     aabb
+
+Or, disregarding order of the letters, and considering only the number
+and kind of genes in each kind of zygote, we have:
+
+  AABB     2AaBB    aaBB
+  2AABb    4AaBb    2aaBb
+  AAbb     2Aabb    aabb
+
+in which the coefficients indicate the relative frequency of the
+different combinations.
+
+We may assume that:
+
+  4 positive factors in a zygote correspond to a very fleshy person.
+  3 factors correspond to a fleshy person.
+  2 factors correspond to a person of medium build.
+  1 factor corresponds to a slender person.
+  0 factor corresponds to a very slender person.
+
+Table 17 indicates the possible matings and their progeny.
+
+
+TABLE 17.—_Percentage distribution of the progeny of the various matings,
+on the assumption that extreme fleshy build is dependent upon 4 zygotic
+factors in the parents._
+
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------------------------+
+  |     |     |             |           | Percentage of each number of  |
+  |One  |Other|  Zygotic    | Gametic   |     zygotes in progeny.       |
+  |  parent.  |  formulæ.   | formulæ.  +------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     |             |           |0 (VS)|1 (S)|2 (M)|3 (F)|4 (VF)|
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  4  |  4  | AABB × AABB |  AB × AB  |      |     |     |     | 100  |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  4  |  3  | AABB × AABb |{ AB × AB }|      |     |     |  50 |  50  |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     | AABB × AAbb |  AB × Ab  |      |     |     | 100 |      |
+  |     |     |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  4  |  2  |             |{ AB × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AABB × AaBb |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |  25 |  50 |  25  |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  4  |  1  | AABB × Aabb |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |  50 |  50 |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  4  |  0  | AABB × aabb |  AB × ab  |      |     | 100 |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  3  |  3  | AABb × AABb |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |  25 |  50 |  25  |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  3  |  2  | AABb × AAbb |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |  50 |  50 |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AABb × AaBb |{ Ab × AB }|      | 12.5| 37.5| 37.5|  12.5|
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  3  |  1  | AABb × Aabb |{ AB × ab }|      | 25  | 50  | 25  |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  3  |  0  | AABb × aabb |{ Ab × ab }|      | 50  | 50  |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     | AAbb × AAbb |  Ab × Ab  |      |     |100  |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AAbb × AaBb |{ Ab × Ab }|      | 25  | 50  | 25  |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AaBb × AAbb |{ Ab × Ab }|      | 25  | 50  | 25  |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ aB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  2  |  2  |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{2Ab × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AaBb × AaBb |{2Ab × Ab }|  6.25| 25  | 37.5| 25  |  6.25|
+  |     |     |             |{2Ab × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{2Ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × AB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AAbb × Aabb |{ Ab × ab }|      | 50  | 50  |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  2  |  1  |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     | AABb × Aabb |{ Ab × ab }|  12.5| 37.5| 37.5| 12.5|      |
+  |     |     |             |{ aB × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ aB × aB }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     | AAbb × aabb |  Ab × ab  |      |100  |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |           |      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ AB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  2  |  0  | AaBb × aabb |{ Ab × ab }|  25  | 50  | 25  |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ aB × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |     |     |             |{ Ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |  1  |  1  | Aabb × Aabb |{ AB × ab }|      | 50  | 50  |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × Ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ ab × ab }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  1  |  0  | Aabb × aabb |{ Abab    }|  50  | 50  |     |     |      |
+  |     |     |             |{ abab    }|      |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+  |  0  |  0  | aabb × aabb |           | 100  |     |     |     |      |
+  +-----+-----+-------------+-----------+------+-----+-----+-----+------+
+
+On the hypothesis of 6 zygotic factors for build, the possible
+combinations in the progeny are much more numerous. Seven classes of
+zygotic combinations are possible. We recognize in our work only 5
+classes of build. Accordingly, it would be necessary to redistribute our
+classes of build into 7 or else assume that the two lowest classes are
+both comprised in “very slender” and the two highest in “very fleshy.”
+The former operation would require an amount of work hardly justified by
+the possible advantage; so the latter procedure was adopted as perhaps a
+sufficiently close approximation. The distributions are given in table 18
+which is given in detail only in part.
+
+
+TABLE 18.—_Percentage distribution of the progeny of the various matings
+on the assumption that extreme fleshy build is dependent on 6 zygotic
+factors in the parents._
+
+  +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
+  |  No. of  |                                                           |
+  |factors in|      Percentage of each class of zygotic factors.         |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |One |Other|   6     |   5   |    4   |  3   |   2    |   1   |   0    |
+  | parent.  |         |       |        |      |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  6  | 100     |       |        |      |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  5  |  50     | 50    |        |      |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  4  |{        |100    |        |      |        |       |        |
+  |    |     |{ 25     | 50    | 25     |      |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  3  |{        | 50    | 50     |      |        |       |        |
+  |    |     |{ 12.5   | 37.5  | 37.5   | 12.5 |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  2  |{        |       |100     |      |        |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        | 25    | 50     | 25   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  1  |         |       | 50     | 50   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 6  |  0  |         |       |        |100   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 5  |  5  |  25     | 50    | 25     |      |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 5  |  4  |{        | 50    | 50     |      |        |       |        |
+  |    |     |{ 12.5   | 37.5  | 37.5   | 12.5 |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 5  |  3  |{  6.25  | 25    | 37.5   | 25   |  6.25  |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        | 25    | 50     | 25   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 5  |  2  |{        | 12.5  | 37.5   | 37.5 | 12.5   |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       | 50     | 50   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 5  |  1  |         |       | 25     | 50   | 25     |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 5  |  0  |         |       |        | 50   | 50     |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |    |     |{  6.25  | 25    | 37.5   | 25   |  6.25  |       |        |
+  | 4  |  4  |{        | 25    | 50     | 25   |        |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        | 25    | 50     | 25   |        |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       |100     |      |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |    |     |{  3.125 | 15.625| 31.25  | 31.25| 15.625 |  3.125|        |
+  | 4  |  3  |{        | 12.5  | 37.5   | 37.5 | 12.5   |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        | 12.5  | 37.5   | 37.5 | 12.5   |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       | 50     | 50   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |    |     |{        |  6.25 | 25     | 37.5 | 25     |  6.25 |        |
+  | 4  |  2  |{        |       | 25     | 50   | 25     |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       | 25     | 50   | 25     |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        |100   |        |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 4  |  1  |{        |       |        | 50   | 50     |       |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       | 12.5   | 37.5 | 37.5   | 12.5  |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 4  |  0  |         |       |        | 25   | 50     | 25    |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |    |     |{  1.5625|  9.375| 23.4375| 31.25| 23.4375|  9.375|  1.5625|
+  | 3  |  3  |{        |  6.25 | 25     | 37.5 | 25     |  6.25 |        |
+  |    |     |{        |  6.25 | 25     | 37.5 | 25     |  6.25 |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       | 25     | 50   | 25     |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |    |     |{        |  3.125| 16.625 | 31.25| 31.25  | 16.625|  3.125 |
+  | 3  |  2  |{        |       | 12.5   | 37.5 | 37.5   | 12.5  |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       | 12.5   | 37.5 | 37.5   | 12.5  |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        | 50   | 50     |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 3  |  1  |{        |       |  6.25  | 25   | 37.5   | 25    |  6.5   |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        | 25   | 50     | 25    |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 3  |  0  |{        |       |        | 12.5 | 37.5   | 37.5  | 12.5   |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        |      | 50     | 50    |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  |    |     |{        |       |  6.25  | 25   | 37.5   | 25    |  6.25  |
+  | 2  |  2  |{        |       |        |      | 50     | 50    |        |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        |      |100     |       |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 2  |  1  |{        |       |        | 12.5 | 37.5   | 37.5  | 12.5   |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        |      | 50     | 50    |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 2  |  0  |{        |       |        |      | 25     | 50    | 25     |
+  |    |     |{        |       |        |      |        |100    |        |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 1  |  1  |         |       |        |      | 25     | 50    | 25     |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 1  |  0  |         |       |        |      |        | 50    | 50     |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+  | 0  |  0  |         |       |        |      |        |       |100     |
+  +----+-----+---------+-------+--------+------+--------+-------+--------+
+
+
+MATE SELECTION IN BUILD.
+
+Statistics on temperament and stature of consorts (Davenport, 1915, p.
+106; 1917, p. 329) seem clearly to show that there is an assortative
+mating in respect to these traits. The question arises: Is there
+assortative mating in respect to build? The inquiry is rendered the
+more difficult, inasmuch as build changes to such an extent with age.
+Nevertheless, as there appears to be a considerable correlation (though
+not yet calculated) between build at 25 and at 50 years, it is fair to
+assume that some degree of the mature build is already indicated at the
+period just before marriage.
+
+If, now, there is no assortative mating in respect to build, we should
+find that persons of any given build, say slender, would have very
+slender, slender, medium, fleshy, and very fleshy consorts in the
+respective proportions in which such classes of build occur in the
+whole population of parents. A marked deviation from this expectation
+would indicate the falseness of this hypothesis and that there is an
+assortative mating in respect to build.
+
+To test the hypothesis we can make use of 531 matings, including those
+which are employed in the main tables. We find the male and the female
+consorts in these matings to occur in the different classes in the
+numbers and proportions shown in table 19.
+
+
+TABLE 19.—_Percentage distribution of parents of each sex among the
+various classes of build as found in 531 selected matings. Based on
+Appendix tables._
+
+  +----------+----------------------+----------------------+
+  |          |        Males.        |       Females.       |
+  |          +----------+-----------+----------+-----------+
+  | Classes. |          |           |          |           |
+  |          |Frequency.| Per cent. |Frequency.| Per cent. |
+  +----------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+
+  | VS       |    22    |     .38   |    18    |     3.39  |
+  | S        |    97    |   18.27   |   127    |    23.92  |
+  | M        |   230    |   43.31   |   210    |    39.55  |
+  | F        |   158    |   29.75   |   120    |    22.59  |
+  | VF       |    44    |    8.29   |    56    |    10.55  |
+  |          +----------+-----------+----------+-----------+
+  |  Total   |   531    |    100    |   531    |    100    |
+  +----------+----------+-----------+----------+-----------+
+
+In applying the test to the hypothesis we may assume in turn that the
+groom has done the selecting and that the bride has done the selecting.
+We then compare, in the selections made by the grooms, the expected
+proportion of the classes of build on the assumption of no assortative
+mating, with the proportions actually found in the brides. Similarly,
+with suitable changes for the selections made by the brides. The results
+are given in table 20.
+
+
+TABLE 20.—_Percentage distribution of build of consorts selected by
+grooms and by brides belonging to each of the classes of build, and
+comparison with the standards of table 19._
+
+P, percentages found or expected. E, percentage excess of found over
+expected.
+
+  +----------+-----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+---+
+  |          |           |          |          |          |          | T |
+  |          |     VS    |     S    |     M    |     F    |    VF    | o |
+  |          |           |          |          |          |          | t |
+  |          +----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+ a |
+  |          | P  |  E   | P  |  E  | P  |  E  | P  |  E  | P  |  E  | l |
+  +----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+---+
+  |                      SELECTIONS MADE BY GROOMS.                      |
+  +----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+---+
+  |Expected  |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | build    |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | of       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | brides,  |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | random   |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | selection|3.4 |      |23.9|     |39.6|     |22.6|     |10.6|     |100|
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | _slender_|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | grooms   |5.2 | +52.9|24.7| +3.3|37.1| +6.3|23.7| +4.9| 9.3|-12.3|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | _medium_ |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | grooms   |3.5 | +2.9 |28.3|+18.4|40.4| +2.0|22.3| -1.3| 5.6|-47.2|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | _fleshy_ |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | grooms   |3.2 | -5.9 |18.3|-23.4|40.5| +2.3|21.5| -4.9|16.5|+55.7|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by _very |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | fleshy_  |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | grooms   |0.0 | -100 |15.9|-33.5|38.6| -2.5|27.3|+20.8|18.2|+71.7|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  +----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+---+
+  |                      SELECTIONS MADE BY BRIDES.                      |
+  +----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+---+
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Expected  |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | build    |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | of       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | grooms,  |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | random   |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | selection|0.4 |      |18.3|     |43.3|     |29.8|     | 8.3|     |100|
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | _slender_|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | brides   |1.59|+297.5|18.9| +3.3|51.2|+18.2|22.8|-23.5| 5.5|-33.7|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | _medium_ |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | brides   |0.0 | -100 |17.1| -6.6|44.3| +2.3|30.5| +2.3| 8.1| -2.4|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by       |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | _fleshy_ |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | brides   |0.0 | -100 |19.2| +4.9|42.5| -1.8|28.3| -5.0|10.0|+20.5|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  |Selections|    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | by _very |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | fleshy_  |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  | brides   |0.0 | -100 |16.1|-12.0|23.2|-46.4|46.4|+55.7|14.3|+72.3|   |
+  |          |    |      |    |     |    |     |    |     |    |     |   |
+  +----------+----+------+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+----+-----+---+
+
+An inspection of tables 19 and 20 shows that the hypothesis that wives
+and husbands of men of each different class of build are merely random
+samples of the whole population of parents is not supported by the facts.
+Thus on the part of both very fleshy grooms and brides over 70 per cent
+more consorts, who will ultimately be very fleshy are selected than
+are expected on the hypothesis of random sampling. Also, among fleshy
+fathers there is a marked excess of very fleshy wives. Slender parents
+have an excess of similar consorts. Medium parents have selected consorts
+nearly at random so far as regards build. Slender parents have selected
+a smaller proportion of very fleshy consorts than expectation on random
+choice, and very fleshy parents have selected less than the average of
+very slender and slender consorts. In a word, there is some degree of
+assortative mating and, indeed, a mating of similars. This result agrees
+with the findings in respect to stature; similars tend to mate; while in
+the case of temperament, dissimilars tend to marry each other.
+
+
+THE BASAL TABLES.
+
+In the Appendix are given in tabular form details concerning the
+different types of matings, with some information concerning the
+grandparents, the sibs of parents, and the children. These are the tables
+that have been used for the mass study and from which table 11 was drawn
+up.[2] They will afford much of our data for the detailed Mendelian
+studies, and will be briefly considered in this section.
+
+[2] The families in the tables of the Appendix which are marked by an
+asterisk (*) are not included in table 11. The reason is that they were
+selected families, usually because containing very fleshy persons. It was
+deemed undesirable to combine these selected families with the unselected
+families that make up most of table 11; a table which forms the basis for
+figure 7. To have included them would have distorted the form of that
+figure.
+
+These tables are derived chiefly from the Records of Family Traits;
+some from special schedules and, in a few cases, from the A file of the
+Eugenics Record Office.
+
+  _Table I._—Mating of very slender, 1.50 to 1.75 metric (21 to 25
+  English) × very slender. This combination does not occur in our
+  506 standard matings.
+
+  _Table II._—Matings of very slender × slender, 1.80 to 2.10 (26
+  to 30). There are seven matings altogether. They yielded 20
+  progeny: 4 VS, 12 S, 2 M, and 2 F. Four-fifths of the progeny
+  thus fall in the parental groups; the distribution shows little
+  variability (fig. 9).
+
+  _Table III._—Matings of very slender × medium, 2.2 to 2.6 (31 to
+  36). 28 children derived from 8 matings have indices of build
+  as follows: 1 VS, 7 S, 17 M, 3 F. The mode of the progeny, as
+  compared with table 2, has shifted to the medium grade (fig. 10).
+
+  _Table IV._—Matings of very slender × fleshy, 2.6 to 3.0 (37 to
+  43). There are 5 matings. These yielded 25 progeny: 1 VS, 5 S,
+  10 M, 7 F, and 2 VF. The mode is at medium grade, but the whole
+  distribution is much more variable than in tables 2 and 3 (fig.
+  11).
+
+  _Table V._—Matings of very slender × very fleshy, 3.1 to 4.5 (44
+  to 64). There is only 1 mating in this class, so that no table
+  is formed. It is described in full on page 97. It produced 7
+  children: 3 S, 3 M, and 1 VF.
+
+  _Table VI._—Matings of slender × slender. There are 24 matings of
+  this type. They yielded 51 progeny: 5 VS, 35 S, 11 M. The mode
+  is strongly in the S grade; the progeny show relatively little
+  variability (fig. 12).
+
+  _Table VII._—Matings of slender × medium parents. There are 101
+  matings of this type. They yielded 313 progeny: 49 S, 200 M, 53
+  F, 11 VF. The mode is at medium; the progeny show rather low
+  variability (fig. 13).
+
+  _Table VIII._—Matings of slender × fleshy parents. There are 52
+  matings of this type. They yielded 179 progeny: 5 VS, 25 S, 85 M,
+  57 F, 7 VF. The mode is at medium: the progeny show rather low
+  variability (fig. 14).
+
+  _Table IX._—Matings of slender × very fleshy parents. There are
+  16 matings of this type. They yielded 50 progeny: 7 S, 18 M, 17
+  F, 8 VF. The progeny are very variable (fig. 15).
+
+  _Table X._—Matings of medium × medium parents. There are 93
+  matings of this type. They yielded 332 offspring: 2 VS, 40 S,
+  201 M, 82 F, 7 VF. The progeny are not very variable (fig.
+  16), indicating that all individuals of medium build are not
+  “heterozygotes”; but that there is also a “medium” race.
+
+  _Table XI._—Matings of medium × fleshy parents. There are 115
+  matings of this type. They yielded 346 offspring: 31 S, 210 M, 88
+  F, 17 VF. The progeny show an intermediate degree of variability
+  (fig. 17).
+
+  _Table XII._—Matings of medium × very fleshy parents. There are
+  30 matings of this type. They yielded 112 offspring: 2 VS, 7 S,
+  50 M, 36 F, 17 VF. The progeny show considerable variability
+  (fig. 18).
+
+  _Table XIII._—Matings of fleshy × fleshy parents. There are 33
+  matings of this type. They yielded 159 offspring: 15 S, 62 M, 61
+  F, 21 VF. The progeny show a rather high variability (fig. 19).
+
+  _Table XIV._—Matings of fleshy × very fleshy parents. There are
+  30 matings of this type. They yielded 146 offspring: 1 VS, 7 S,
+  52 M, 51 F, 35 VF. The progeny are very variable (fig. 20).
+
+  _Table XV._—Matings of very fleshy × very fleshy parents. There
+  are 7 matings of this type. They yielded 37 offspring: 1 S, 12 M,
+  11 F, 13 VF. The progeny are exceedingly variable (fig. 21).
+
+The diversity of the distributions of the progeny of the various matings
+and the great difference in their variabilities indicates that there
+is not only an inheritance of tendencies to particular types of build,
+but also that there is a strong evidence of some sort of Mendelian
+inheritance.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 9.—Per mille distribution of progeny of table II, VS
+× S matings. Number of individuals, 20.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 10.—Per mille distribution of progeny of table III,
+VS × M matings. Number of individuals, 28.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 11.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table IV,
+VS × F matings. Number of individuals, 25.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 12.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table VI, S
+× S matings. Number of individuals, 51.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 13.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table VII,
+S × M matings. Number of individuals, 313.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 14.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table VIII,
+S × F matings. Number of individuals, 179.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 15.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table IX, S
+× VF matings. Number of individuals, 50.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 16.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table X, M
+× M matings. Number of individuals, 332.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 17.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table XI, M
+× F matings. Number of individuals, 1,346.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 18.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table XII,
+M × VF matings. Number of individuals, 112.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 19.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table XIII,
+F × F matings. Number of individuals, 159.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 20.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table XIV,
+F × VF matings. Number of individuals, 146.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 21.—Percentage distribution of progeny of table XV,
+VF × VF matings. Number of individuals, 37.]
+
+
+
+
+PART III.
+
+FAMILY STUDIES IN HEREDITY OF BUILD.
+
+
+
+
+A. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.
+
+
+Our study of the mass relation in build between parental and filial
+generation has followed the ordinary pre-Mendelian method of analysis
+of heredity, a method that has proved rather sterile for prediction of
+filial traits. It has, however, enabled us to formulate an hypothesis in
+Mendelian language. It now remains to use our data in Mendelian fashion,
+to seek a test of the hypothesis.
+
+In this study we shall not use all of the families listed in the main
+tables of the Appendix, because some of them are for various reasons not
+adequate for Mendelian analysis; for example, in some cases the ancestry
+is insufficiently known, so that the gametic nature of the parents can
+not be inferred. It is considered preferable to analyze a few of the more
+completely known families than to rest content with the mass statistics.
+I shall take up in order the more significant matings.
+
+
+
+
+B. DISCUSSION OF SPECIAL MATINGS.
+
+
+The asterisk immediately preceding the reference letters means that the
+family referred to is not included in the statistics of table 11.
+
+†tb or †t, immediately following an index number in this study, signifies
+that the person with that index number had active tuberculosis. The †
+indicates death by the disease.
+
+
+CLASS I. BOTH PARENTS SLENDER.
+
+Mating 1. ONE PARENT IS VERY SLENDER, OF SLENDER STOCK, THE OTHER SLENDER.
+
+We have only two fair cases falling into this category. The *Fun family
+with the paternal formula 27, 29, 27 and the maternal formula 32, 27,
+25; and the Sch-37 family with the paternal formula 29, 33±, 29 and the
+maternal formula 27±, 29± †tb, 25. (In these formulas the indices of
+father’s father, father’s mother, father, and similarly for the mother’s
+side of the house are given in that order.) The full history of these
+cases follows:
+
+
+*FUN FAMILY. (Fig. 22.)
+
+II 6, ♂, 170 cm. (67 inches) tall, and weighing 56 kg. (123 pounds);
+build 1.9 (27); slender and of exclusively slender sibship and parentage;
+married II 7, ♀, 167 cm. (66 inches) tall and weighing 50 kg. (110
+pounds); build, 1.8 (25); very slender and of slender or medium sibship
+and parentage. They have 2 children: (1) ♀, at 27 years, 165 cm. (65
+inches) tall and weighing 54 kg. (118 pounds); build 1.9 (28), slender;
+(2) ♂, at 24 years, 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighing 68 kg. (149
+pounds), build 2.0 (29), slender.
+
+Thus this mating of very slender × slender parents yielded only (2)
+slender offspring. A slender × slender mating from the same family may be
+added here.
+
+I 1, ♂, 172 cm. (68 inches) tall and weighing 57 kg. (125 pounds); build
+1.9 (27), slender. Married I 2, ♀, 157 cm. (62 inches) tall and weighing
+50 kg. (110 pounds), build 2.0 (29), slender. They had 4 children: (1) ♂,
+173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighing 54 kg. (120 pounds); build 1.8 (26),
+slender; (2) ♂, 173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighing 60.4 kg. (133 pounds);
+build 2.0 (29), slender; (3) ♀, 165 cm. (65 inches) tall, weighing 52 kg.
+(115 pounds); build 1.9 (27), slender; (4) ♂, 170 cm. (67 inches) tall,
+weighing 56 kg. (123 pounds); build 1.9 (27), slender.
+
+Two slender parents have thus only (4) slender offspring (A: 034).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 22.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+FUN family.]
+
+In this and the following pedigree charts the following symbolism is
+adopted. The generations are marked at the left margin; members of
+one fraternity are suspended from one horizontal line; square, males;
+circles, females. The abbreviations: d. inf. (died in infancy), and d.
+yg. (died young) are easily interpreted.
+
+The degree of shading indicates the degree of build according to the
+following scheme:
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+SCH-37 FAMILY.
+
+A family of German extraction living in Ohio. The Father, a farmer, who
+in youth suffered from inflammation of the bowels and in middle age from
+congestion of the brain, died at 69 years from tetanus and apoplexy.
+Formula: 150/72 inches, build 2.0 (29). His father, a farmer, died
+of apoplexy at 83 years. At 80 years his formula was: 150/72 inches;
+build 2.0 (29). His mother, who in middle age was subject to stomach
+trouble and “shingles,” died of old age at 83 years, having at 80 years
+the formula 130/M; build 2.3 (33±). Thus, this side of the house is
+prevailingly slender.
+
+The Mother, who in youth was subject to hives, and in middle age to
+asthma and eczema, has at 73 years the formula 94/63 inches; build 1.7
+(25). Her father, a farmer, who always suffered from asthma and died of
+it at 74 years, had at 70 years the formula 120/M; build 1.9 (27±). Her
+mother, who died at 83 years of tuberculosis of intestine, had at 80
+years the formula 110/M; build 2.0 (29±). This is a decidedly slender
+family, more so than that of the paternal side. The five children:
+
+1. Male, who in youth had measles, whooping-cough, hay-fever, colds,
+and, in middle age, asthma and hemorrhoids, has at 47 years the formula
+165/72.5 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+2. Female, who in youth suffered from sore throat, colds, diphtheria,
+and quinsy, and in middle age from sore throat; is quick-tempered and
+astigmatic. At 42 years she has the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+3. Female, who died at 7 years, accident.
+
+4. Female, who in youth was subject to lung trouble and bronchitis,
+weighed 160 pounds at 27 years, 7 pounds at birth. She has gradually
+lost weight since 27 years, till at 37 years she has the formula 135/68
+inches; build 2.1 (29).
+
+5. Male, who in youth suffered from lung fever, has a nervous
+temperament, at 30 years has the formula 137.5/72 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+_Comment._—All but one of this fraternity of 4 who grew up are of
+slender build (unadjusted). The exception is a man of 47 years who is of
+slender-medium build (R: Sch-37).
+
+To summarize: Of 10 progeny (who grew up) of these 3 matings all are
+slender except 1 who falls just over the line into medium.
+
+
+MATING 2. BOTH PARENTS ARE SLENDER, OF SLENDER STOCK.
+
+Table 21 gives the progeny of matings of slender stock. Of the 5 matured
+progeny, 4 are slender and 1 just over the line into medium. The details
+of the families are given below.
+
+
+TABLE 21. _Matings of two slender parents; together with their progeny._
+
+[From Table VI.]
+
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--------------+
+  |       |  |  |  |              |  |  |  |              |  Offspring.  |
+  |       |FF|FM|F |   Father’s   |MF|MM|M |  Mother’s    +--+--+--+--+--+
+  |       |  |  |  |    sibs.     |  |  |  |    sibs.     |VS|S |M |F |VF|
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+
+  |Ker 5  |M |30|29|              |M |27|29|              | 1|  | 1|  |  |
+  |Ste 9  |M | S|28|              |S |31|28|              |  | 3|  |  |  |
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+
+
+
+KER-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living mostly in western United
+States—Colorado, Texas, New Mexico.
+
+The Father, who was an army officer, is a railroad official who suffered
+in middle age from tropical fever. He has, at 51 years, the formula
+150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was a mechanic, died at
+74 years from hardening of arteries, having had at 60 years the formula
+160/M. His mother, who had 2 children, suffered in middle age from
+typhoid; she died at about 47 years from pneumonia. At 40 years, her
+formula 110/S; build probably about 2.1 (30). This side of the house is
+prevailingly slender.
+
+The Mother, who has had 4 children, suffered in middle age from neuritis.
+She is living at 49 years. Formula, 115/63 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her
+father, who was an army officer, suffered in middle age from heart
+trouble and rheumatism. He died at 58 years from heart trouble. At 38
+years his formula 160/M. Her mother, who had 2 children, was an invalid;
+she died at 36 years from consumption. Formula 100/S; say about 2.0 (27).
+This side of the house is prevailingly slender. Three children grew up:
+
+1. Male, a railroad man, who in youth suffered from throat trouble and
+pneumonia and who is very nervous, has at 21 years the formula 150/78
+inches; build 1.7 (25).
+
+2. Male, formerly a teacher, now in the army, has at 20 years the formula
+158/71 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Male, is slender at 15 years.
+
+_Comment._—The somewhat slender parents have 2 slender children and a
+third who is in the army and has a slender-medium build (R: Ker-5).
+
+
+STE-9 FAMILY.
+
+A family of German extraction, paternal grandparents living first in
+Germany, later in Alabama; maternal grandparents, parents, and children
+living in Alabama. The Father, who is a farmer, and suffered in youth
+from intermittent fever and in middle age from hay fever and gallstone
+or intestinal trouble, is living at 52 years. At 40 years his formula
+120/65.5 inches; build 1.9 (28). His father, who was a farmer, suffered
+in middle age from intermittent fever. He died at 82 years from
+congestion of bowels. At 60 years he was of medium build. His mother died
+at 57 years from intermittent fever. At 55 years she was slender. This
+side of the house should contribute a slender to medium tendency, unless
+the Father’s weight is abnormally low, due to his intestinal trouble.
+
+The Mother, who in youth suffered from “enlarged tonsils,” and in middle
+age from bronchitis, is living at 50 years. At 40 years her formula
+115/64.5 inches; build 1.9 (28). Her father, who was a blacksmith, died
+at 32 years from “hemorrhage of lungs.” At 30 years he was slender. Her
+mother, who in youth suffered from malarial fever and in middle age from
+tumors, died at about 64 years from “intestinal trouble—tumors (?).” At
+40 years her formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31). The gametes from
+this side of the house also should tend to produce slenderness in the
+children. Four children grew up:
+
+1. Male, an engineer, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and
+bronchitis, has at 27 years the formula 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+2. Male, a teacher, who in youth suffered from bronchitis, has at 24
+years the formula 145/70 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+3. Female, a school teacher, who in youth suffered from malarial fever,
+has at 22 years the formula 115/62.8 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+4. Female, under 18 years, of slender build, but about average for her
+age.
+
+_Comment._—All 3 grown children have a slender build at present; it is
+possible that build may be increased as they grow older (R: Ste-9).
+
+
+MATING 3. OTHER SLENDER × VERY SLENDER MATINGS.
+
+There are 3 matings of this type: (1) Nob-1, (2) Cod-1, (3) Jos-1 (table
+22).
+
+Of 7 grown and 4 immature children derived from this mating, 5 grown
+children and 2 (or 3) adolescents are slender. In one mating (Jos-1) of
+ethnically dissimilar parents (from Riga and Baden respectively), both
+adult children are of much heavier build than either parent, i.e., of
+medium to fleshy build. This might be explained as an example of the
+extra-vigorous growth of hybrids; but we find few other examples of this
+result in human hybrids. It seems more probable that both parents carry
+1 or more factors for fleshiness and that all were combined in their
+eldest son, causing him to develop fleshiness further than either of his
+parents.
+
+
+TABLE 22.—_Other matings of a slender and a very slender parent, together
+with their progeny._
+
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--------------+
+  |       |  |  |  |              |  |  |  |              |  Offspring.  |
+  |       |FF|FM|F |   Father’s   |MF|MM|M |  Mother’s    +--+--+--+--+--+
+  |       |  |  |  |    sibs.     |  |  |  |    sibs.     |VS|S |M |F |VF|
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+
+  |R Cod 1|35|33|29|              |30|30|25|              |  | 2|  |  |  |
+  |R Jos 1|  |  |24|              |  |  |27|              |  |  | 1| 1|  |
+  |R Nob 1|  |  |26|              | M| M|24|Sui, Neur     | 2| 1|  |  |  |
+  |       +--+--+--+              +--+--+--+              +--+--+--+--+--+
+  |  Total|  |  |  |              |  |  |  |              | 2| 3| 1| 1|  |
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+
+
+
+COD-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction living in Ohio. The Father, a salesman,
+suffered in youth from whooping-cough, measles, inflammatory rheumatism;
+in middle age from mumps and smallpox. He is living at 45 years, having
+the formula 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, a farmer, died at
+56 years from influenza and heart trouble. At 45 years he had the formula
+160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). His mother, who suffered from indigestion,
+died at 72 years from “sclerosis of liver.” At 45 years her formula was
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33). Thus this side of the house is of medium
+to slender build.
+
+The Mother, who in youth had mumps, measles, hives, scarlet fever,
+tonsillitis, and rheumatism, and in middle life sick headaches,
+tonsillitis, and pneumonia, is living at 45 years, having the formula
+95/62 inches; build 1.8 (25). Her father, a farmer, who in youth suffered
+from malaria and indigestion and in middle age from heart trouble,
+gravel, and indigestion, died at 80 years from pneumonia and heart
+trouble, having the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). Her mother,
+who in youth had whooping-cough, mumps, erysipelas, asthma, pneumonia,
+and in middle age measles, asthma, neuralgia, pneumonia, and a slight
+attack of rheumatism, is living at 77 years. At 45 years her formula was
+108/60 inches; build 2.1 (30). Thus this side of the house is slender to
+very slender. The 2 children are:
+
+1. Male, a druggist, who suffered from all the children’s diseases and
+appendicitis, pneumonia, smallpox, rheumatism, and asthma, and loses 8
+to 10 pounds in winter and gains it back in summer, has at 20 years the
+formula 100/62 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+2. Female, who in youth suffered from all the children’s diseases,
+besides nervous nausea, pneumonia, and tonsillitis, has at 18 years the
+formula 95/61 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+_Comment._—Thus both children are of slender build (R: Cod-1).
+
+
+JOS-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family whose paternal and maternal grandparents lived in Baden and
+Latvia respectively; parents and children living in Pennsylvania.
+
+The Latvian Father, who in middle age suffered from a “touch” of typhoid,
+has at 60 years the formula 112/68 inches; build 1.7 (24).
+
+The Badenish Mother, who had three children, died at 54 years from
+pneumonia, having the formula 120/67 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+Of the two children who grew up:
+
+1. Male, a civil engineer, has at 33 years the formula 180/68 inches;
+build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, 189/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+2. Female, a student, has at 26 years the formula 150/69 inches; build
+2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+_Comment._—The children exceed in build the stouter parent; probably a
+result either of heterozygosis or multiple factors (R: Jos-1).
+
+
+NOB-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction; paternal grandparents living in Illinois
+and Minnesota, maternal grandparents living in Canada and Minnesota,
+parents and children living in Illinois and Minnesota. The Father, a
+livery-man, a very energetic, nervous man, is in middle age liable to
+rheumatism. He has at 47 years the formula 140/74 inches; build 1.8
+(26). His father, a farmer, who in middle age suffered from asthma,
+colds, and heart trouble, died at 65 years from heart failure, having the
+formula M/M. His mother, who had 11 children, suffered in middle age from
+bronchitis. She is living at 77 years, having the formula M/M.
+
+The Mother, who has had 7 children, has the formula 105/66 inches; build
+1.7 (24). One of her brothers hung himself; one of her sisters was always
+“sickly” and toward the end of her life “very peculiar.” Their father, a
+farmer, suffered in middle age from heart trouble. He died from “dropsy
+of heart.” At 60 years his formula was M/M. Their mother, who had 7
+children, is living, now insane. At 61 years her formula was M/M.
+
+The 7 children are:
+
+1. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from adenoids and
+tonsillitis, has at 21 years the formula 110/65 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+2. Female, a bookkeeper, has at 19 years the formula 100/66 inches; build
+1.6 (23).
+
+3. Male, a student, has at 18 years the formula 112/67 inches; build 1.8
+(25).
+
+_Comment._—There are four children below 18 years. Of these, No. 4, at 14
+years, is 18 pounds below standard; No. 5, at 12 years, 15 pounds below;
+No. 6, at 8 years, 2 pounds below; and No. 7, at 5 years, 2 pounds above
+standard.
+
+Thus the entire family, omitting the 5-year-old, is below the standard
+and mostly very slender or slender. In view of the fact that the parents
+are, at around 45 years, still slender or very slender, it is doubtful
+if the children’s weights should be adjusted; it is probably a family
+characteristic not to put on weight in middle life. This family supports
+the view that extreme slenderness is a recessive condition, or, at least,
+is determined by prevailing recessive factors (R: Nob-1).
+
+
+Mating 4. OTHER SLENDER × SLENDER MATINGS (included in table 23).
+
+Since by hypothesis slender parents will rarely carry gametes with
+more than 1 factor for fleshiness, it becomes important to consider
+the remaining slender × slender matings, i. e., without special regard
+to the grandparental conditions. A summary of the distribution of the
+progeny of all slender × slender matings is given in Table VI (Appendix).
+This shows that of 51 grown children (resulting from 24 matings), 5
+are very slender, 35 slender, and 11 of medium build. Here is a great
+preponderance of very slender and slender offspring—40 out of the 51,
+and all of the 11 of medium build are below the middle class. There
+clearly are factors which drive even these progeny of two slender parents
+in some cases to become of slightly heavier build than their parents,
+and this result is to be expected if fleshy build depends on several
+zygotic factors, and slender build lacks all these factors but two. The
+distribution of builds in the offspring of the selected slender (and
+very slender) parents is shown in table 23. The percentage distribution
+of the progeny is: 12 VS, 73 S, 13 M, 2 F. On any hypothesis we should
+expect a large proportion of slender offspring. Close conformity to any
+theoretical distribution is hardly to be expected in this table, owing to
+the variety of matings included.
+
+
+TABLE 23.—_Summary of selected slender × slender matings, and those of
+very slender parents, together with their progeny._
+
+  +-----------------+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |                 | VS | S  | M  | F  | VF |
+  +-----------------+----+----+----+----+----+
+  | Ada 4           |    | 2  |    |    |    |
+  | Cod 1           |    | 2  |    |    |    |
+  | Fel             |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  |*Fun (a)         |    | 2  |    |    |    |
+  |*Fun (b)         |    | 4  |    |    |    |
+  | Hay 4           |    | 2  |    |    |    |
+  | Hay 12          |    | 1  | 1  |    |    |
+  | Hen 12          | 1  | 2  | 1  |    |    |
+  | Jos 1           |    |    | 1  | 1  |    |
+  | Ker 5           | 1  |    | 1  |    |    |
+  | Lan 4           | 1  | 1  |    |    |    |
+  | Law 7           |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  |*Leo (a)         | 1  | 4  |    |    |    |
+  |*Leo (b)         |    | 3  |    |    |    |
+  | Lou 2           | 1  | 1  |    |    |    |
+  | McA 2           |    | 3  |    |    |    |
+  | McC 11          |    | 1  | 1  |    |    |
+  |*Mor             |    | 3  |    |    |    |
+  | Nob 1           | 2  | 1  |    |    |    |
+  |*Pal             | 1  |    |    | 1  |    |
+  | Ran 4           | 1  | 2  |    |    |    |
+  | Sch 8           |    | 1  | 1  |    |    |
+  | Sch 37          |    | 3  | 1  |    |    |
+  | Sco 5           |    | 2  | 1  |    |    |
+  | Shi 5           |    |    | 1  |    |    |
+  |*Smi             |    | 2  |    |    |    |
+  | Ste 9           |    | 3  |    |    |    |
+  | Wil 23          |    | 4  | 1  |    |    |
+  | You 9           |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  | A 01:44         |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  | A 01:19         |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  | A 01:60         |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  | A 01:63         |    | 1  |    |    |    |
+  |                 +----+----+----+----+----+
+  |   Total       77| 9  |56  |10  | 2  |    |
+  |   Percentage 100|11.7|72.7|13.0| 2.6|    |
+  |                                          |
+  |   Mean, 28.50 ± 0.24; S. D.  3.13 ± 0.17.|
+  +------------------------------------------+
+
+Detailed family histories of these slender × slender matings are given
+herewith.
+
+
+ADA-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of old English American (Massachusetts and Ohio) stock, living
+in Michigan and Kansas. The Father, a merchant, who in youth suffered
+from brain fever, is living at 77 years, having had at 50 years the
+formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His 4 sibs are all tall. His
+father, a farmer, died at 49 years from typhoid. At 40 years his formula
+160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33). His mother, who had 6 children, and who
+was always well, died at 65 years from pneumonia. At 40 years her formula
+130/69 inches; build 1.9 (27). This side of the house is of prevailingly
+slender to medium build.
+
+The mother, who has had 3 children and who suffered in middle age from
+rheumatism and colitis, is living at 66 years, having had at 50 years
+the formula 120/66 inches; build 1.9 (28). Her father, a farmer, died
+from paresis. At 45 years he had the formula 175/69 inches; build 2.6
+(37). Her mother, who in middle age suffered from diphtheria, died at 73
+years from paralysis. At 45 years her formula 130/68 inches; build 2.0
+(28). This side of the house is prevailingly slender (though with 1 stout
+grandparent). Two grown children:
+
+1. Male, a photographer, who in youth suffered from tetanus, has at 25
+years the formula 140/71 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+2. Male, a teacher, has at 22 years the formula 130/70 inches; build 1.9
+(27).
+
+_Comment._—Both slender in the unadjusted build (R: Ada-4).
+
+
+FEL-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scotch and Welsh extraction, living mostly in the mid-western
+United States. The Father, who is a builder, and who has suffered from
+several attacks of inflammation of the lungs, is living at 50 years,
+having the formula 143/70.5 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who
+was in business, suffered from lung fever and was almost helpless from
+rheumatism several years before he was killed in an accident. At 60 years
+he had the formula 140/71 inches; build 2.0 (28). His father’s father, a
+farmer, died from lung fever, became emaciated before death. At 38 years,
+his formula 162/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). His father’s mother, who had
+6 children, and who was always well, died at 89 years from old age. At
+30 years her formula 96/60 inches; build 1.9 (27). His mother, who had 4
+children, was liable to chronic neuralgia. She died at 68 from pneumonia.
+At 30 years her formula 125/64.5 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother’s
+father, who died at 76 years from pneumonia, had the formula 168/77
+inches; build 2.0 (28). A prevailingly slender family.
+
+The Mother, who has only 1 child, has always been well. She is living
+at 46 years, having the formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her
+father, who was an expert machinist, always well, died at 43 years from
+appendicitis. Formula, 200/69 inches; build 3.0 (42). Her mother, who
+had but 1 child, was always well. She is living at 62 years, having the
+formula 120/61 inches; build 2.3 (32). A slender mother, with medium to
+stout parents.
+
+The one child, a male, student, always well, has at 19 years the formula
+125/68.5 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+_Comment._—A slender child (D: Fel-1).
+
+
+HAY-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scotch extraction; grandparents living in Massachusetts, New
+York State, Kansas, and California. Parents living in Massachusetts,
+California, Kansas, and Japan. The first two children were born in Japan,
+but live in California, where the rest were born. The Father, who is a
+rancher, has at 54 years the formula 155/73 inches; build 2.0 (29). His
+father, who was an accountant, died at 67 years from apoplexy. Their
+mother died from tuberculosis. Apparently a slender strain not very
+resistant to tuberculosis.
+
+The Mother, who in youth suffered from lung fever, has at 45 years the
+formula 123/65.5 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her three sibs are tall. Their
+father, who was a merchant, suffered in middle age from tuberculosis and
+died from it. At 44 years he was tall and slender. Their mother, who in
+middle age suffered from chronic indigestion, had at 71 years the formula
+155/64 inches; build 2.7 (38). This side of the house is prevailingly
+slender, with a possible tubercular diathesis. Six children:
+
+1. Male, a forester, has at 23 years the formula 170/76.8 inches; build
+2.0 (29).
+
+2. Male, a student, at 21 years is 71.5 inches tall.
+
+3. Female, at 18 years, has the formula 130/70 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+There are 3 children under 18 years, 2 slender and 1 whose build is
+unknown.
+
+_Comment._—The children are slender, though they may develop into adults
+of medium build (R: Hay-4).
+
+
+HAY-12 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and Scotch extraction, living in Pennsylvania, West
+Virginia, and Washington, D. C. The Father, who is a clerk, always well,
+is living at 67 years. At 65 years his formula 150/74 inches; build 1.9
+(27). Of his 6 sibs, 3 are slender and 3 of medium build. Their father,
+who was State senator, suffered in middle age from typhoid. He died at 85
+years from old age. At 75 years his formula was 135/68 inches; build 2.1
+(29). Their mother, who had 8 children and was always well until at 42
+years she died from dropsy, was of medium build. This side of the house
+carries a tendency to slenderness.
+
+The Mother underwent an operation at 63 years for tic douloureux. She
+is living at 67 years. At 65 years her formula 108/64 inches; build
+1.9 (27). Of her 9 known sibs, 3 are slender and 3 fleshy. One of the
+corpulent brothers has 2 children, 1 corpulent and 1 medium. Their
+father, who was a farmer, always well, died at 55 years from “congestion
+of spine, result of accident.” At 50 years he was of medium build. Their
+mother, who had 8 children, was always well, till at 71 years she died
+from “adhesion of bowels—caused by rupture.” Formula, 90/64 inches; build
+1.5 (22). A prevailing slender family, with some tendency to heavy build.
+Four children:
+
+1. Female, married, who in youth was liable to goiter, is at 38 years of
+medium build.
+
+2. Female, married, always well, is at 36 years slender.
+
+3. Male, a clerk, always well, has at 31 years the formula 150/69 inches;
+build 2.2 (32).
+
+4. Male, a clerk, always well, has at 25 years the formula 135/71 inches;
+build 1.9 (27).
+
+_Comment._—Two of the children are slender, like both parents; 2 are
+medium (R: Hay-12).
+
+
+HEN-12 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scotch and Irish extraction. The grandparents on both sides
+of the house were southerners. The family is now located in Florida, in
+which State 4 children were born.
+
+The Father, interested in farming, had at 40 years the formula 140/70
+inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was killed in the Civil War, was
+of medium build. The father’s mother died at 30 years from child-birth;
+she was also, at 25 years, of medium build.
+
+The Mother suffered with laryngitis in middle age and died of it at 29
+years. Her formula then was 112/63 inches; build 1.9 (28). Her father, a
+physician, and later a fruit grower, died at 75 from general debility. At
+50 he was of medium build. Her mother died at 85 from old age, having at
+50 a medium build. Four children are:
+
+1. Female, at 25, has the formula 96/66± inches; build 1.5 (22).
+
+2. Male, at 26, has the formula 146/69 inches; build 2.1 (31); adjusted
+to 33 years, 151/69 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+3. Female, at 25, has the formula 115/67± inches; build 1.8 (26±).
+
+4. Male, at 22, has the formula 135/70± inches; build 1.9 (28±).
+
+_Comment._—The children are all slender, except perhaps one of
+slender-medium build (R: Hen-12).
+
+
+LAW-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living mostly in Vermont and Minnesota.
+The Father, who was a clerk, died at 25 years from “typhoid pneumonia,”
+having the formula 150/74 inches; build 1.9 (27). One of his brothers
+is tall, one very tall. Their father, a farmer, died at 74 years. At 50
+years he was of medium build. Their mother, who had 5 children, suffered
+in middle age from asthma; grew fleshy at 50; died at 65 years. Thus the
+Father is a slender parent of medium to fleshy ancestry, who died young
+from lung trouble.
+
+The Mother suffered in youth from tonsillitis, erysipelas, and
+diphtheria; in middle age from pneumonia and pleurisy. She is living at
+45 years. At 22 years her formula 122/68 inches; build 1.8 (26). Two of
+her sibs were tall. Their father, a farmer, suffered in youth from fever
+and ague. He died at 69 years from paralysis. At 48 years his formula
+165/68 inches; build 2.5 (36). Their mother, who had 5 children, suffered
+in middle age from neuralgia. She died at 67 years from heart disease. At
+45 years her formula 120/M; build 2.1 (30). A slender parent who has had
+troubles of the respiratory tract. Two grown children:
+
+1. Male, a salesman, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and
+diphtheria, has at 26 years the formula 155/74 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+2. Female, married, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and
+diphtheria, has at 25 years the formula 110/67 inches; build 1.7 (25).
+
+_Comment._—One child is slender; the other very slender (R: Law-4).
+
+
+LAW-7 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in New Jersey. The Father, a
+clerk, and always well, has at 43 years the formula 129/65.5 inches;
+build 2.1 (30). His father, who was a manufacturer, suffered in youth
+from typhoid fever, and in middle age from pneumonia. He died of the
+latter at 31 years; was of medium build. His mother, who had 4 children,
+was always well. She is living at 65 years and is of medium build. This
+side of the house brings in medium-slender elements.
+
+The Mother has always been well. She is living at 42 years, having the
+formula 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28). Her father, who was a grain
+dealer, died at 63 years from apoplexy; he was of medium build. Her
+mother, who had 3 children, suffered in youth from pneumonia. She is
+living at 68 years and is tall and slender. This side of the house is
+prevailingly slender. Three children:
+
+1. Female, a teacher, always well, has at 18 years the formula 128/63.5
+inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+2 and 3. Two girls at 11 and 8 years who are below average build.
+
+_Comment._—The one grown child is of medium build, somewhat stouter than
+her Father; the other two children are rather slender for their ages (R:
+Law-7).
+
+
+LEO FAMILY. (Fig. 23.)
+
+I 1, J. L. very slender, died of pneumonia. His wife, I 2, at 87 years is
+slender and measures 141 cm. in stocking feet; she has two brothers who
+are slender. There are 5 children:
+
+II 4, ♂, was 183 cm. tall and very slender; he died at 63 years of
+catarrh of stomach.
+
+II 5, ♂, was short and slender; he died at 52 years of Bright’s disease.
+
+II 6, ♀, single, is 165 cm. tall and weighs 51.7 kg. (65 inches and 114
+pounds); index 1.9 (27), obviously slender.
+
+II 3, ♀, slender.
+
+II 7, ♂, always slender.
+
+So far we have only slender persons to deal with. Now enters a change.
+II 3 married a fleshy man who has a fleshy sister; all 3 children are
+fleshy. Also II 7 married a woman whose index is 86.2 kg./114 cm., or
+6.6 (190/60 inches, or 53). She has always been fleshy (except during an
+attack of anemia). She had both slender and fleshy sibs. Their only child
+(III 4) is a girl of 9 years. Her relative chest-girth is 57 per cent
+instead of the 49 per cent expected at that age; that is, she is fleshy.
+Thus the two marriages of this slender stock into fleshy lines result
+altogether in 4 children, all fleshy; indicating dominance of fleshiness.
+
+II 16, ♂, at 50 years is tall and slender. He has 1 slender and 4 fleshy
+and very fleshy sibs. His father, I 5, was slender; his mother was short
+and weighed 86 kg. (190 pounds). He married II 17, a slender woman; the 2
+living children are tall and slender. Thus II 16 apparently did not carry
+the gene for fleshiness from his mother (73: 676).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 23.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the LEO family.]
+
+
+LOU-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Irish and English extraction, living mostly in New York
+State. The Father, who is a doctor, suffered in middle age from “nervous
+breakdown, indigestion, and stomach trouble”; is living at 60 years,
+and has the formula 155/73 inches; build 2.0 (29). His three brothers,
+who are living, are tall. Their father, who survives, is a farmer and
+suffered in middle age from “nervousness.” Their mother died from
+consumption “caused from taking care of son who died from same.”
+
+The Mother, who is living at 50 years, has the formula 115/65 inches;
+build 1.9 (27). Two children:
+
+1. Female, a student (married), has at 25 years the formula 110/66.5
+inches; build 1.8 (25).
+
+2. Female, a student, has at 22 years the formula 120/68 inches; build
+1.8 (26).
+
+_Comment._—Both children are now slender, but may approach a medium
+weight as they grow older (R: Lou-2).
+
+
+MCA-2 FAMILY.
+
+A Scotch-English family living chiefly in Ohio. The Father, a farmer,
+had an attack of diphtheria in middle life, is energetic, and, at 62
+years, has the formula 135/70 inches; build 1.9 (28). His sister died
+of tuberculosis. Their father, somewhat easy-going, was a farmer, had
+typhoid fever and died of cancer at 68 years. His formula, 135/72 inches;
+build 1.8 (26). Their mother, of mediocre activity and mentality, died at
+36 years, having borne 4 children. Two of her sisters died of pneumonia.
+She was of medium build. This side of the house tends to slenderness.
+
+The Mother, who once had typhoid fever and is physically active, has, at
+60 years, the formula 120/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). Her father, who had
+typhoid fever in the army and was very active, had the formula 180/74
+inches; build 2.3 (33). The Mother’s mother, who was also very active,
+was of medium build. This side of the house brings in a slender-medium
+tendency. Three children:
+
+1. Female, a teacher, who has had typhoid fever and her tonsils and
+appendix removed, is energetic, and has a formula at 30 years of 109/64
+inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+2. Male, a student and farmer, who has had diphtheria and typhoid fever,
+energetic, at 28 years has the formula 135/69 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+3. Male, student and farmer, who has always been well, energetic, weighed
+9 pounds at birth, formula at 23 years, 138/69 inches; build 2.1 (29).
+
+_Comment._—The unadjusted build of the children averages the same as the
+parents and differs little from them; it is hardly probable that they
+will reach the adjusted weight.
+
+
+MCC-11 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scotch and English extraction, living in the Middle West and
+northwestern United States. The Father, who is a proof-reader, suffered
+in youth from fever and ague. He is living at 74 years, having at 48
+years the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30). His father, who was a
+farmer, died at 87 years from dysentery. At 40 years, his formula 160/T;
+build say 2.3 (33). Their mother, who had 4 children, died at 29 years
+“probably from effects of child-birth.” At 26 years she was of medium
+build. This side of the house probably contributes a tendency to slender
+or slender-medium build.
+
+The Mother suffered in youth from tonsillitis and asthma; in middle age
+from nervous prostration and abscess. She is living at 60 years, having
+had at 36 years the formula 130/65.5 inches; build 2.1 (30). Her father,
+who was a farmer and carpenter, suffered in middle age from internal
+abscess and rheumatism. He died at 72 years from apoplexy. At 40 years he
+was of medium build. Her mother, who had 4 children, died in child-birth,
+at 27 years; she was of medium build. This side of the house, likewise,
+contributes a tendency to slender or medium build. Two children:
+
+1. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and
+nervousness, has at 28 years the formula 125/65.3 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from asthma, enlargement of
+liver, and attacks similar to epilepsy, has at 25 years the formula
+180/74.3 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—Both children are of medium or slender-medium build (R:
+McC-11).
+
+
+MOR FAMILY. (Fig. 24.)
+
+IV 3, ♂, at 46 years is short and very slender. He married a tall,
+slender woman; their son, at 22 years, is tall and slender.
+
+IV 19, ♀ is tall, like her Father’s father, and very slender. She has 1
+slender and 3 or 4 fleshy sibs and both of her parents were fleshy. Her
+husband is 182 cm. (72 in.) tall and very slender. They have 3 children,
+all tall and slender.
+
+The Mother apparently carries no “fleshy” gametes (73: 690).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 24.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+MOR family.]
+
+
+PAL FAMILY. (Fig. 25.)
+
+III 2, J. T. C., ♂, at 64 years is of medium height and slender. One
+of his sisters is slender and one (III 7) at 56 years is 157 cm. tall
+(without shoes), weighs 74 kg. net, and has a chest-girth of 105 cm. net.
+This gives a relative chest-girth of 67 per cent. This sister is thus
+very fleshy. Their father (II 3) was of medium build, his wife rather
+fleshy. J. T. C.’s wife, III 3, is of medium height and very slender,
+though her two parents were of medium build.
+
+The two surviving children are:
+
+IV 1, ♀, at 43 years weighs 165 pounds and is 62 inches tall. She has
+thus an index of build of 3.0 (43) and is fleshy.
+
+IV 2, 34 years old is very slender; she is, however, an invalid and
+bedridden. Here we have a well-authenticated record of two slender
+parents with a fleshy daughter; obviously both of the slender parents
+must have carried gametes with one or more genes for fleshiness; and a
+combination of such genes induced fleshy build in the child.
+
+_Comment._—A rather remarkable family in that a slender × very slender
+mating has produced a fleshy child, as well as a very slender one. But
+the slender Father doubtless carries 2 or possibly (and exceptionally) 3
+zygotic factors for build (on the 6-zygotic factor hypothesis); for his
+mother was fleshy and a sister very fleshy. On this hypothesis the very
+slender Mother may contribute one such factor (73: 709).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 25.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+PAL family.]
+
+
+RAN-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in New York State and
+Massachusetts. The Father, who is an editor, has at 58 years the formula
+150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+The Mother has at 56 years the formula 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+Her brother died at 55 years from tuberculosis; height 72 inches. Her
+father, a minister, suffered in middle age from bronchial consumption and
+died of it at 60 years. Her mother, who in youth suffered from dropsy and
+consumption, in middle age from rheumatism, died at 96 years from heart
+trouble. This side of the house is slender-medium; probably because of
+tuberculosis. Three children:
+
+1. Male, secretary of an insurance company, who in youth suffered from
+hay fever, catarrh, and typhoid fever, has at 30 years the formula 140/72
+inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+2. Female, has at 25 years the formula 130/69 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+3. Female, a clerical worker, has at 24 years the formula 120/70 inches;
+build 1.7 (25).
+
+_Comment._—All 3 children are of slender build (one very slender) in
+the unadjusted ratio. It seems a little doubtful whether, with the
+inheritance they have, they will ever reach the medium build (R: Ran-4).
+
+
+SCH-8 FAMILY.
+
+A family of mixed German and American origin, living in Connecticut.
+The Father, a master mechanic, always well, has at 51 years the formula
+132/66 inches; build 2.1 (30). His father, a farmer, always well, died at
+67 years from heart failure; formula 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35). His
+mother, who had 3 children and who was always well, died at 67 years of
+heart failure. Formula, 115/63 inches; build 2.0 (29). This side of the
+house is slender-medium.
+
+The Mother, who has 3 children, has at 47 years the formula 120/64
+inches; build 2.1 (29). Her two sisters are tall. Her father, a foreman
+and always well, has at 73 years the formula 184/69 inches; build 2.7
+(39). Her mother was of average stature. This side of the house might be
+expected to help determine slenderness in the children. Three children:
+
+1. Male, a stenographer, well, has at 21 years the formula 130/66 inches;
+build 2.1 (30) (adjusted to 49 years, 144/66 inches; build 2.3 (33)).
+
+2. Male, a student, always well, has at 19 years the formula 138/66
+inches; build 2.3 (32) [adjusted to 49 years, 157/68 inches; build 2.4
+(34)].
+
+3. Female, at 13 years, is very slender, even for her age.
+
+_Comment._—The children are slightly below (one is close to) average
+build (R: Sch-8).
+
+
+SCO-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living mostly in middle western United
+States. The Father, a broker, who in middle age suffered from cirrhosis
+of the liver, has, at 57 years, the formula 140/70 inches; build 2.0
+(29). His father, a lumberman, died at 60 years from paralysis, having
+the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). His mother died at 75 years
+from arterio-sclerosis; formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7 (24).
+
+The Mother has at 49 years the formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her
+father, a wholesale merchant, died at 63 years from sarcoma. His formula
+170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36). Her mother, who has 2 children, has at 74
+years the formula 90/61 inches; build 2.1 (24). Three children:
+
+1. Male, a surveyor, has at 25 years the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.3
+(32).
+
+2. Male, a clerk, has at 23 years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1
+(30).
+
+3. Male, a student, has at 20 years the formula 125/65 inches; build 2.1
+(30).
+
+_Comment._—The unadjusted build of the children is only a point or two
+greater than that of the parents (R: Sco-5).
+
+
+SHI-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and German extraction. The Father’s parents were
+born in England. The Mother’s parents were born in Germany. The parents
+and their one child were born in New York City, where the family is now
+settled.
+
+The Father, inclined to indigestion in middle age, has, at 47, the
+formula 143/70 inches; build 2.1 (29). His father, a dry-goods man, has
+bronchial trouble in middle age. At 73 his formula is 145/70.5 inches;
+build 2.0 (29). The Father’s mother, having borne 2 sons and 4 daughters,
+died of kidney trouble and pneumonia at 52 years of age. Her formula, at
+51, was 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+The Mother, who suffered from bronchitis in youth, at 46 has the formula
+120/67 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her father died around the age of 35 from
+wounds received in the Civil War. He was of medium build. Her mother at
+71 years of age has the formula 85/56 inches; build 1.9 (27). One grown
+child:
+
+1. Female, at 19, has the formula 145/67 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+_Comment._—The child is somewhat of heavier build than either parent and
+may approach the build of her Father’s mother (R: Shi-5).
+
+
+SMI FAMILY. (Fig. 26.)
+
+II 9, M. E. S., ♀, at 74 years is 162.5 cm. (64 inches) tall without
+shoes and weighs 48 kg. (106 pounds) net. Her index of build is 1.9 (27);
+she is slender. All of her 6 sibs are fleshy or very fleshy and so are
+their two parents (I 1, 2). Her husband was tall and slender. They had 4
+children: (1) a boy, who died at 19 of “kidney trouble”; he was slender.
+(2) and (3) died young; (4) female, at 33 is 172 cm. (68 inches) tall and
+weighs 59 kg. (129 pounds) net; index 2.0 (28); she is slender. Thus the
+mating of two slender persons (one arising in the midst of fleshy stock)
+has resulted in 2 slender children (73: 736).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 26.—Pedigree chart of part of SMI family.]
+
+
+WIL-23 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in New York State and Connecticut.
+The Father, who is a teacher, is living at 61 years. At 45 years he had
+the formula 155/72 inches; build 2.1 (30). One of his sisters died from
+“quick consumption.” His father, who was a farmer, always well, died at
+61 years from pneumonia. At 45 years he was of medium build. His mother,
+who had 10 children, was always well. She is living at 81 years. At 45
+years she was of medium build. This side of the house might be expected
+to determine medium build in children.
+
+The Mother suffered in youth from pneumonia, in middle age from typhoid
+fever and hernia. She is living at 63 years. At 45 years her formula
+was 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her brother died at 55 years from
+tuberculosis of larynx. Her father, who was a farmer, always well, died
+at 83 years from “cancer of the face.” At 50 years he was of medium
+build. Her mother, who had 5 children, was always well. She died at 67
+years from typhoid pneumonia; was slender. Five children:
+
+1. Male, a buyer, always well, has at 30 years the formula 145/73 inches;
+build 1.9 (27).
+
+2. Male, an electrical engineer, who in youth suffered from typhoid
+fever, has at 29 years the formula 185/75 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Male, a physician and surgeon, who in youth suffered from typhoid and
+in middle age from acute nephritis, has at 27 years the formula 145/72
+inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+4. Female, a teacher, always well, has at 25 years the formula 138/69
+inches; build 2.1 (29).
+
+5. Male, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever, has at 22 years the
+formula 150/74 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+_Comment._—The unadjusted builds of 4 of the children is a little less
+than the parental builds of 30 and 29. The adjusted builds are a point
+or two higher. In the case of child No. 2 we have an exceptionally large
+index of build for this fraternity of 2.3 (33). It is possible that the
+tubercular tendency on both sides may have pulled down the hereditary
+potentiality of one or both parents (R: Wil-23).
+
+
+YOU-9 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Pennsylvania Dutch blood; all born in and about Pennsylvania.
+The Father, an educationalist, has had in middle age a nervous breakdown
+and bronchial trouble. At 44 he has the formula 118/64 inches; build
+2.1 (29). His father, a miller, died of old age at 76. At 68 he had
+the formula 130/60 inches; build 2.5 (36). The Father’s mother having
+had 7 sons and 4 daughters, died of old age at 82. When 75 she had the
+formula 120/59 inches; build 2.4 (34). It is possible that the bronchial
+trouble may have reduced the Father’s build somewhat below its normal
+potentialities.
+
+The Mother, inclined to nervous disorders, at 43 had the formula 98/59.5;
+build 2.0 (28). Her father, a railroad man, had malarial fever in middle
+age. At 70 he has the formula 160/66 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother
+in youth had bronchial trouble and St. Vitus dance and in middle age,
+asthma, pneumonia, rheumatism, nervous prostration, etc. She died at 64,
+from a complication of diseases. At the time of her death she had the
+formula 80/59 inches; build 1.6 (23). The two children are:
+
+1. Female, has had bronchitis and encephalitis, at 19 has the formula
+94/59.5 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+2. Female, at 15 years is slender for her age.
+
+_Comment._—Slender children from two slender parents (R: You-9).
+
+
+A: 01-19 FAMILY.
+
+A family of probable English extraction. The Father, a lawyer, is
+troubled with catarrh, but otherwise his general health is pretty good.
+At 20 years of age he had the formula 129.5/70 inches; build 2.0 (26).
+
+The Mother has good general health, although troubled with palpitation of
+the heart and headache. At 20 years she had the formula 106/61 inches;
+build 2.0 (29).
+
+The one daughter for whom data are given has had numerous children’s
+diseases. Her general health is now good. At 18 years of age she has the
+formula 114/64 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+_Comment._—Parents and child are all slender (A: 011d-19).
+
+
+A: 01-44 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction. The Father, a dentist, has good general
+health, but habitual constipation. At 20 years of age he had the formula
+140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+The Mother has occasional headaches. At the age of 18 her formula was
+104/62 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+The son has general good health, but is inclined to kidney trouble,
+skin diseases, and headache, presumably from his eyes. At 18 he has the
+formula 124/66; build 2.0 (29) A: (011d-19).
+
+
+A: 01-60 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction with some Irish and Scotch blood in
+addition.
+
+The Father, a minister, has had pneumonia and dyspepsia, but his general
+health is good. At 22 years he had the formula 132.5/68 inches; build 2.0
+(29).
+
+The Mother has had piles and slight attacks of rheumatism. Her general
+health is very good. At 19 years she had the formula 110/64 inches; build
+1.9 (27). The one child for whom data are available is:
+
+1. Female, inclined to rheumatism and kidney trouble, like her Mother.
+She has had practically all children’s diseases, and at 19 her formula is
+108/65 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+_Comment._—Both parents and their child are slender (A: 011d-60).
+
+
+A: 01-63 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction. The Father, a teacher, is in good health.
+At 45 his formula is 134/69 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+The Mother’s health is generally good. She is inclined to some skin
+trouble and is troubled with headache and habitual constipation. At 34
+years she had the formula 97/59 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+The one child is a son in general good health, although he has rheumatism
+and constipation. He is also subject to frequent colds and grippe. At 19
+years of age he has the formula 111/68 inches; build 1.7 (24).
+
+_Comment._—Both parents and the child are of slender build (A: 011d-63).
+
+
+SUMMARY OF S × S MATINGS.
+
+The gametic constitution of slender parents is certainly very diverse.
+Assuming that both slender parents produce only gametes of the type Abc,
+their offspring would be exclusively of the type AAbbcc, which we may
+take as a zygotic formula for slender progeny. Assume that in another
+case both slender parents have the zygotic formula AaBbcc; then they
+would each produce gametes ABc, Abc, aBc, and abc. Uniting at random,
+these gametes would produce zygotes as follows:
+
+  Number of dominant factors     4      3     2     1     0
+  Proportions                  6.25    25   37.5   25   6.25
+
+Thus a very variable progeny would be produced: very slender, slender,
+medium, and fleshy. Now it seems probable that the totals of table 23 are
+a combination of these two kinds of matings and another which would yield
+very slender, slender, and medium offspring in the proportions of 25, 50,
+and 25, respectively.
+
+Considering only the families of table 23 who have 3 or more children, we
+get a total distribution for these children of:
+
+  VS   S   M
+  5   34   4
+
+If we subtract from the S total the 16 children who belong exclusively
+to slender fraternities, the children who remain have the distribution
+5: 18: 4, which is fairly close to the 1: 2: 1 ratio of 6.75: 13.5:
+6.75 which is to be expected from a mating of parents of the zygotic
+constitution AAbbcc and AaBbcc respectively.
+
+We conclude, therefore, that the S × S matings are gametically of two
+kinds, one slightly, the other more greatly variable. The distribution
+found is determined by a combination of these two kinds.
+
+Also, the statistical results of the distribution of the progeny of S
+× S matings are in harmony with the hypothesis that slender parents in
+extreme cases carry not more than two zygotic factors for fleshy build.
+The slender parent is, accordingly, to be regarded as one who carries
+gametes with prevailingly recessive factors.
+
+
+CLASS II. BOTH PARENTS FLESHY.
+
+Next we turn to the matter of inheritance of fleshiness in fleshy stock.
+That fleshiness may be a true hereditary character is indicated by the
+existence of fleshy races of men. Examples are the South-Russian Jews,
+especially of the female sex; and certain of the Chinese, who have
+strikingly short legs. The matter is discussed in more detail at page 7.
+The fact that the body reacts to food and climate must not blind us to
+the constitutional factors that are probably present in racial obesity.
+At any rate, it becomes of interest to inquire as to inheritance of
+fleshiness in families characterized by the trait. For this purpose we
+shall consider various matings between more or less fleshy parents.
+
+
+Mating 1. ONE PARENT IS VERY FLESHY, THE OTHER FLESHY (OR VERY FLESHY) OF
+FLESHY STOCK. (Table 24.)
+
+From this mating of “pure” or nearly “pure” fleshy parents are derived
+(table 24) 50 offspring: 2 S, 11 M, 23 F, 14 VF, or, in percentages, 4 S,
+22 M, 46 F, 28 VF. This distribution of the total does not agree with the
+4-zygotic-factor hypothesis (p. 41), which gives a filial distribution
+of 50 F, 50 VF. It agrees better with the 6-factor hypothesis (p. 43),
+assuming the proper dividing-line between fleshy and very fleshy to lie
+somewhere in column 5, and the mating to be of the 5-factor × 4-factor
+type. On this assumption we have a percentage of 17 M and F+83 VF. This
+approaches the proportions found. Accordingly, the 6-factor hypothesis is
+preferable.
+
+The progeny are more variable than those derived from two slender parents
+as 5.74 ± 0.39 is to 3.13 ± 0.17.
+
+Details concerning the families included in table 24 are given below.
+
+
+TABLE 24.—_Matings of a very fleshy parent and a fleshy parent of fleshy
+stock, together with their progeny._
+
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--------------+
+  |       |  |  |  |              |  |  |  |              |  Offspring.  |
+  |       |FF|FM|F |   Father’s   |MF|MM|M |  Mother’s    +--+--+--+--+--+
+  |       |  |  |  |    sibs.     |  |  |  |    sibs.     |VS|S |M |F |VF|
+  +-------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+
+  |[3]Can |VF|VF|47|2VF           |  |  |56|              |  | 1|  | 4|  |
+  | Ekb 1 |50|36|50|51, 52, 45    |  |  |38|All tall      |  |  |  | 2| 2|
+  | Faz 1 |F |  |39|4F            |F |F |57|1VF           |  |  |  | 1| 2|
+  | Flo 3 |42|42|44|              |37|35|49|              |  |  | 1| 6|  |
+  | Gou A |  |  |37|              |37|50|54|2F            |  |  | 2| 1| 1|
+  | Lyn   |  |  |38|1VF           |  |  |50|1F            |  |  | 4| 2| 1|
+  | McL A |39|36|38|VF,2; F5; F*M1|34|45|44|VF1; F5; M3   |  | 1| 4| 4| 3|
+  | Nic 5 |VF|VF|41|              |38|40|45|              |  |  |  | 1| 1|
+  | Whe   |  |  |40|              |  |  |52|1VF, 2F, 1S   |  |  |  | 2| 4|
+  |       |                          |  |  |              +--+--+--+--+--+
+  |       |      A, 40.33 ±.55       |  |  |Total       50|  | 2|11|23|14|
+  |       |    S. D. 5.74 ± .39      |  |  |Percentage 100|  | 4|22|46|28|
+  +-------+--------------------------+--+--+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+
+
+[3] Also 4 younger children, 10 to one-half years, all fleshy for their
+ages.
+
+
+CAN FAMILY. (Fig. 27.)
+
+A family of Italian extraction, living in a poorly furnished, very much
+overcrowded, home in a poor Italian neighborhood in a factory city.
+
+I 1, ♂, was tall and very fleshy; died of “heart disease.”
+
+I 2, ♀, was tall and very fleshy and had a brother of similar build. This
+very fleshy pair had 3 children, as follows:
+
+II 1 and II 4 both very fleshy. II 5 at 46 years 171 cm. (67 inches) tall
+(without shoes) and weighing 96 kg. (212 pounds) net; build 3.3 (47),
+very fleshy. His chest-girth, 106 cm. net; relative chest-girth 62 per
+cent. The result suggests that the parents were homozygous for fleshiness.
+
+II 5 married II 6, who at 45 years is 152 cm. (60 inches) tall (in bare
+feet) and weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds), build 3.9 (56). Her net
+chest-girth is 110 cm., relative chest-girth is 72. This very fleshy pair
+has 9 surviving children, as follows: the eldest, III 3, a boy at 23
+years is said to be slender (not seen), married, without children. The
+second, III 5, ♂, at 22 years is fleshy, as he has always been; married,
+without children. III 7, ♂, at 19 years is slender but was _fleshy_ until
+the age of 18 years. III 8, ♂, at 17 years is short and fleshy. III 9, ♂,
+at 12 years is short and fleshy. III 10, ♀, at 10 years is 136 cm. (53.5
+inches) tall, and weighs about 45 kg. (100 pounds); build 2.5 (35). Her
+chest-girth is 85 cm. net, relative chest-girth 63. This indicates a girl
+of far above average relative chest-girth, fleshy. III 12 is a girl of 9
+years with a relative chest-girth of 80 ÷ 135 or 59, fleshy. III 13 is a
+boy of 5 years; his relative chest-girth is 68/112 or 61, fleshy. III 14
+is a 6-months-old baby weighing 6.4 kg. or 14.1 pounds and very chubby.
+
+_Comment._—Thus with the exception of the first (of whom no details were
+obtained), all of the children are, or have been, fleshy; the fraternity
+suggests that both parents are homozygous for fleshiness. The meaning of
+the exceptional son is uncertain; various hypotheses may be entertained:
+illegitimacy, poor health following a fleshy childhood, the possible
+presence of a factor for slenderness in both parental gametes (73:652).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 27.—Pedigree chart of CAN family.]
+
+
+EKB-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Swedish extraction; parents emigrated to Illinois, where
+all the children were born. The Father, a farmer, suffered in middle
+age from dropsy and severe headaches. He is living at 56 years, having
+the formula 225/67 inches; build 3.5 (50). He has 6 sibs: (1) brother,
+dead, formula 250/70 inches; build 3.6 (51); (2) brother, 225/66 inches;
+build 3.6 (52); (3) sister, 180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45). Others are
+not described. Their father, a farmer, died at 79 years from “gangrene
+subsequent to senile paralysis,” having a formula 170/M inches; build,
+say 2.6 (36). Their mother died at 79 years from senile paralysis, having
+the formula 200/M inches; build, say 3.5 (50).
+
+The Mother, who in youth and middle age suffered from eczema, has at 51
+years the formula 160/65 inches; build 2.7 (38). Two of her brothers and
+one sister are tall and nervous. Of the 6 children, 4 survive as adults:
+
+1. Male, a university instructor, nervous, has at 30 years the formula
+190/70 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, 202/70 inches, build
+2.9 (41).
+
+2. Male, a university instructor, who in youth suffered from
+poliomyelitis, has at 28 the formula 200/68 inches; build 3.0 (43);
+adjusted to 55 years, 212/68 inches, build 3.2 (46).
+
+3. Female, who suffered in youth from headaches, has at 25 years the
+formula 180/64 inches; build 3.1 (44); adjusted to 55 years, 196/64
+inches, build 3.3 (48).
+
+4. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from headaches, has at 22 years
+the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, 197/68
+inches, build 3.0 (43).
+
+_Comment._—The Father is perhaps duplex for heavy build; all of the
+children have a build that is above the average, and 2 of the 4 are very
+fleshy. Thus, obesity runs through three generations without skipping any
+(R: Ekb-1).
+
+
+FAZ FAMILY. (Fig. 28.)
+
+A family of Italian extraction, of the artisan class, living in
+comfortable homes.
+
+II 5, a man who was 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighed over 90 kg. (200
+pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy now as “always.” The 4 others of his
+fraternity and their father were all fleshy; data are lacking about the
+mother’s build.
+
+II 6, the consort of above, died at 66 of cerebral hemorrhage; was of
+medium stature, say 160 cm. (63 inches) and weighed 100 kg. (225 pounds);
+build 4.0 (57). This obese woman has a sister, who is 150 cm. (59 inches)
+tall and weighs 90 kg. (200 pounds), build 4.0 (57), same as her sister.
+Her relative chest-girth is 111 cm./150, or 74 per cent, a huge girth.
+Two other living members of her fraternity are in Italy and their build
+is unknown. The father of this fraternity (I 6) is fleshy, has 3 fleshy
+sibs and 1 of medium build. The mother is also fleshy. This looks like a
+“pure” fleshy strain.
+
+There are 3 children: (1) ♀, 32 years, married, is 166 cm. (65 inches)
+tall and weighs 97 kg. (214 pounds); build 3.6 (51); very fleshy. Her
+relative net chest-girth is 105 cm./166 or 63. (2) She has a sister, II
+14, 38 years, married, who is 156 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighs 78.5
+kg. (173 pounds) net; build 3.3 (47), very fleshy. Her net relative
+chest-girth is 105 cm./156, or 67. She has always been fleshy. (3) A man
+of 22 was very fleshy up to the age of 17 years, but he is said now to be
+tall and thin, though well. He is not married.
+
+_Comment._—This result is difficult to interpret. A mating of two “pure”
+strains of obesity produces 3 offspring, all of whom were fleshy before
+adolescence and of whom 2 remain very fleshy; but 1 (at 22 years) is said
+to have become “thin” since the age of 17 years. It seems probable that
+he also should be recorded as essentially fleshy (73: 665).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 28.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+FAZ family.]
+
+
+FLO-3 FAMILY. (Fig. 29.)
+
+This is a family of which all grandparents and Father were born in north
+Ireland; the children were born and reared in Greater New York. The
+Father, a blacksmith and farmer, suffers from digestion troubles; at 63
+his formula 185/65 inches; build 3.1 (44). His father, a blacksmith, died
+at 40 of acute indigestion; his formula 204/70 inches; build 2.9 (42).
+His mother, who died of pleurisy at 50 years, had the formula 200/69
+inches; build 2.9 (42). Thus this side of the house is of stout build.
+
+The Mother has at 60 years the formula 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49).
+She is fat, good-natured, and a poor housekeeper. Her father, who was a
+carpenter and killed by an accident at 47 years, had the formula 180/70
+inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother, who died of old age at 75 years, had
+the formula 140/63 inches; build 2.5 (35). No “direct” heredity appears
+in the Mother’s obesity. The 7 children:
+
+1. Male, a bookkeeper, who has spinal curvature, has at 38 years the
+formula 140/60 inches; build 2.7 (39); but this is clearly abnormally
+high, associated with his pathologically short stature.
+
+2. Female, a musician, has at 36 years the formula 160/68 inches; build
+2.4 (35); adjusted to 50 years, 173/68 inches; build 2.7 (37).
+
+3. Male, a detective, fond of outdoor life, has at 32 years the formula
+190/69 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 50 years, 200/69 inches; build
+3.0 (42).
+
+4. Male, an army officer, at 29 years 186/71 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+adjusted to 50 years, 199/71; build 2.8 (39).
+
+5. Male, a policeman, with a history of pneumonia, at 27 years. 200/72
+inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 50 years, 215/72 inches; build 2.9
+(42).
+
+6. Female, a teacher, subject to indigestion, at 21 years, 131/65 inches;
+build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years, 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+7. Male, in the automobile business, with a history of pneumonia, has at
+20 years the formula 168/68 inches; build 2.6 (36); adjusted to 50 years,
+187/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+_Comment._—The build of the children is rather uniformly between 2.5 (36)
+and 2.9 (42), mostly in the stout class, like the Father, but far below
+the obese Mother (R: Flo-3).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 29.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the FLO-3 family.]
+
+
+GOU-A FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in Maine. The Father, at 36, had
+the formula 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (37).
+
+The Mother, at 60, had the formula 250/68 inches; build 3.8 (54). Her
+eldest brother weighed 200 pounds at 60 years. Her youngest brother
+weighed 220 pounds at 50 years. Her father had the formula 190/72
+inches; build 2.6 (37), at 70 years. Her mother had, at 70 years, the
+formula 225/66 inches; build 3.6 (50). Four grown children:
+
+1. Female, at 48, has the formula 210/66 inches; build 3.4 (48).
+
+2. Male, at 46, 160/68 inches; build 2.6 (35).
+
+3. Male, at 44, 180/67 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+4. Female, at 40, 140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+_Comment._—Obesity appears in three generations in the direct line
+without a break; 2 of the 4 children are of medium build, less than
+either parent (S: Gou-A).
+
+
+LYN FAMILY. (Fig. 30.)
+
+I 1, ♂, from Ireland, died at 54 of brain fever; was 173 cm. (68 inches)
+tall and weighed 78 kg. (175 pounds); build 2.7 (38); fleshy. His sister
+weighs 90 kg. He married I 2, an Irish woman, who died at 68 years. She
+was 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighed 84 kg. (185 pounds); build
+3.5 (50); very fleshy. She had a sister who was fleshy. The pair had 7
+children who grew up:
+
+(1) Male, fleshy; (2) ♂, of medium build; (3) ♂, died at 50 years, of
+pneumonia, his stature 169 cm. (66.5 inches); weight 63.5 kg. (140
+pounds); build 2.2 (31); medium; (4) ♂, died at 70 years, stature 173
+cm. (68 inches); weight 72.5 kg. (160 pounds); build 2.4 (35); medium.
+(5) ♂, died, at 37 years, of pneumonia; stature 173 cm. (68 inches);
+weight 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy. Married to a fleshy
+woman, he has a child who is 165 cm. (65 inches) tall, weighs 72.5 kg.
+(160 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy. (6) ♀, at 56 years, stature
+160 cm. (63 inches), weight 63 kg. (139 pounds); build 2.4 (34); medium.
+Her net relative chest-girth is 95/160 or 36 per cent. Though now of
+medium build (or less), she used to be very fleshy, weighing over 80 kg.
+(175 pounds); build 3.1 (44). She may properly be classified as of stout
+build, secondarily reduced. (7) ♂, aged 54 years, is 178 cm. (70 inches)
+tall; and weighs 103 kg. (227 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy. His
+net relative chest-girth is 117 cm. / 178, or 66 per cent. This man has
+always been fleshy; at 21 years he weighed 90 kg. (200 pounds).
+
+_Comment._—This seems to be nearly a “pure” F × F mating. Of the progeny
+4 are fleshy (or very fleshy) and 3 medium (73-684).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 30.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the LYN family.]
+
+
+MCL-A FAMILY. (Fig. 31.)
+
+A family of Scotch extraction from Maine. The Father (II 9), at 77
+years, had the formula 200/73 inches; build 2.6 (38). Of his 8 sibs: (1)
+Brother, at 70 years, had the formula 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36). (2)
+Brother, at 75 years, 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37). (3) Brother, at 65
+years, 210/73 inches; build 2.8 (39). (4) Brother, at 78 years, 200/74
+inches; build 2.6 (37). (5) Brother, at 71 years, 215/75 inches; build
+2.7 (38). (6) Sister, at 75 years, 170/65 inches; build 2.8 (40). (7)
+Sister, at 65 years, 200/67 inches; build 3.1 (45). (8) Sister, at 68
+years, 190/66 inches; build 3.1 (44). Their father, at 85 years, 200/72
+inches; build 2.7 (39). Their mother, at 80 years, 150/65 inches; build
+2.5 (36).
+
+The Mother (II 10), at 74 years, had the formula 190/66 inches; build
+3.1 (44). Of her 9 sibs: (1) Brother, at 80 years, 170/70 inches; build
+2.4 (35). (2) Brother, at 60 years, 200/77 inches; build 2.4 (34). (3)
+Brother, at 55 years, 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35). (4) Brother, at 70
+years, 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37). (5) Brother, at 80 years, 200/73
+inches; build 2.6 (38). (6) Sister, at 60 years, 150/64 inches; build 2.6
+(37). (7) Sister, at 65 years, 160/63 inches; build 2.8 (40). (8) Sister,
+at 70 years, 175/64 inches; build 3.0 (43). (9) Sister, at 75 years,
+180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45). Their father, at 70 years, 175/72 inches;
+build 2.4 (34). Their mother, at 86 years, 200/67 inches; build 3.1 (45).
+12 children:
+
+1. Female, at 47 years, has the formula 180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45).
+
+2. Male, at 22 years, 22/72 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55+
+years, 221/72 inches; build 3.1 (43).
+
+3. Male, at 58 years, 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+4. Male, at 50 years, 230/71 inches; build 3.2 (46).
+
+5. Male, at 43 years, 160/72 inches; build 2.3 (31); adjusted to 55
+years, 163/72 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+6. Female, at 70 years, 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+7. Female, at 38 years, 180/67 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 55
+years, 189/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+8. Female, at 65 years, 160/65 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+9. Female, at 61 years, 180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45).
+
+10. Female, at 54 years, 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+11. Female, at 52 years, 125/64 inches; build 2.1 (31).
+
+12. Female, at 50 years, 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+_Comment._—Mother’s mother, Mother, and 3 children out of 12 have a build
+of 3.1 to 3.2 (44 to 46), very fleshy; 3 children have a build of 2.1
+(30 to 31), a lower index than any parent, uncle, aunt, or grandparent.
+Evidently fleshy stock may yield gametes with not more than 2 or even
+only 1 gamete for fleshy build. (See p. 43.) (S: McL-A.)
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 31.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the MCL-A family.]
+
+
+NIC-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction; paternal grandparents born in
+Massachusetts and Kentucky; family living mostly in Ohio. The Father,
+a farmer, suffered in middle age from rheumatism and lupus. He is a
+distant cousin of his wife. He died at 67 years, having at 60 years the
+formula 175/65 inches; build 2.9 (41). His father, a farmer, died at 65
+years from kidney trouble; was corpulent. His mother, who had 8 children,
+died at 70 years; was corpulent.
+
+The Mother, who has 2 children, suffered in youth from pneumonia. She is
+living at 70 years, having the formula 165/60.5 inches; build 3.2 (45).
+Her father, a farmer and surveyor, who died at 78 years, had a formula
+175/M, and build, say, 2.7 (38). Her mother had 7 children and died at
+78 years, having the formula 160/M; build, say, 28 (40). The 2 grown
+children:
+
+1. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from lung fever, has at 41 years
+the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 154/64
+inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+2. Female, married, has at 38 years the formula 190/61.3 inches; build
+3.6 (51); adjusted to 55 years, 198/61.3 inches; build 3.7 (53).
+
+_Comment._—There are 3 generations of corpulent persons; in the last
+generation 1 is very fleshy and 1 fleshy (R: Nic-5).
+
+
+WHE FAMILY. (Fig. 32.)
+
+I 1, ♂, fleshy; his wife, I 2, fleshy; 3 children about whom something is
+known.
+
+II 1, ♂, fleshy; married a fleshy woman and had 5 children, none of whom,
+it is said, are fleshy. II 2, ♂, died at over 75 years; fleshy. II 3,
+♂, died at 80 years; was of medium weight. Thus, in this generation, 2
+fleshy and 1 of medium build.
+
+III 9, ♂, at 61 years has a stature of 160 cm. (63 inches) and weight
+of 73 kg. (162 pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy. Nothing is known about
+the build of his relatives. His wife is III 10, age 64, stature 156 cm.
+(61 inches); weight 88 kg. (194 pounds); build 3.7 (52); very fleshy,
+relative chest-girth 112/156, or 72 per cent. When she married at 29
+years she weighed 160 pounds and did not begin to grow fleshy until 50
+years. She had 4 sibs, about whose build something is known. (1) III 2,
+♀, died at 70 of uterine cancer; stature 156 cm. (61 inches); weight over
+90 kg. (200 pounds); build over 3.8 (54); very fleshy. (2) III 3, ♂, died
+at 73 years of “heart trouble”; stature 153 cm (64 inches); weight 77 kg.
+(170 pounds); build 2.9 (42); fleshy. He married a woman of medium build
+and had a son who, at 45 years, has a stature of 163 cm. (64 inches) and
+weight of 80 kg. (175 pounds); build 3.0 (43); fleshy. (3) III 6, ♀,
+always slender. (4) III 7, ♂, died at 60 of diabetes; he weighed over 90
+kg. (200 pounds), but became very thin of disease before his death. He
+had 2 fleshy children; 1, indeed, quite obese.
+
+The union of these two fleshy strains represented in III 9 and 10 has
+produced 6 children, as follows: (1) IV 9, ♂, died at 33, was “fleshy”
+and by a slender wife (whose mother was fleshy) has a fleshy little
+daughter.[4] (2) IV 11, ♀, at 32 years, has stature 168 cm. (66 inches)
+and weight 93 kg. (206 pounds); build 3.3 (48); very fleshy. Relative
+chest-girth 119/168, or 73 per cent. (3) IV 12, ♂, at 30 years, has
+stature 180 cm. (71 inches); weight 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 2.5
+(36); medium; fleshy and growing fleshier. (4) IV 13, ♀, at 28 years,
+stature 159 cm. (62.5 inches), weight 79 kg. (174 pounds); build 3.1
+(44); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth 107/159 or 68 per cent. She
+was a slender child; at her marriage at 24 years she weighed 145 pounds
+and began to gain after the birth of her second child. Married to a man
+of build 35.4 or medium fleshy (who once weighed 200 pounds) and with
+3 stout brothers and 5 slender sisters; they have 2 children, a son of
+4 years who has a relative chest-girth of 56 per cent and is of medium
+build, and a daughter who at 2 years has a relative chest-girth of 64 per
+cent, which is above the average for that age.[4] (5) IV 14, ♀, at 26
+years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 86 kg. (190 pounds); build 3.5
+(49); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth is 119/157, or 77 per cent.
+(6) IV 15, ♀, at 23 years, stature 165 cm. (65 inches); weight 88 kg.
+(194 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy.
+
+[4] Not shown in figure 32.
+
+_Comment._—This union of a fleshy and a very fleshy person (the latter of
+a fleshy strain) produces 4 very fleshy and 2 fleshy progeny (including
+1 medium near the fleshy line and growing fleshier). This approaches a
+“pure line” of fleshiness (73:754).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 32.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the WHE family.]
+
+
+TABLE 25.—_Matings of two fleshy parents, both of fleshy stock, together
+with their progeny._
+
+[The indices of the build of the progeny have been adjusted.]
+
+  +------+----+----+----+------------+----+----+----+--------+--+-+-+-+--+
+  |      |    |    |    |            |    |    |    |        |  | | | |  |
+  |      | FF | FM | F  |  Father’s  | MF | MM | M  |Mother’s|VS|S|M|F|VF|
+  |      |    |    |    |   sibs.    |    |    |    | sibs.  |  | | | |  |
+  +------+----+----+----+------------+----+----+----+--------+--+-+-+-+--+
+  |      |    |    |    |            |    |    |    |        |  | | | |  |
+  |Dol 3 | 36 | 38 | 40 |            | 37 | 41 | 40 |        |  | |5| |  |
+  |Lan A | 37 | 37 | 37 |37, 36, 29  | 43 | 37 | 40 |   35   |  |1| | | 1|
+  |Sle 2 | 36 | 40 | 39 |            | 37 | 43 | 37 |        |  | | |2|  |
+  |Thr 2 | 27 | 34 | 38 |VF3, F3, M3 | 38 | 38 | 40 |        |  | | |6|  |
+  |      +----+----+----+            +----+----+----+        +--+-+-+-+--+
+  |Total |    |    |    |            |    |    |    |        |  |1|5|8| 1|
+  |      |    |    |    |            |    |    |    |        |  | | | |  |
+  +------+----+----+----+------------+----+----+----+--------+--+-+-+-+--+
+
+                             A, 37.57 ± 0.82.
+                            S. D., 4.70 ± 0.52.
+
+
+Mating 2. BOTH PARENTS FLESHY OF FLESHY STOCK. (Table 25, from Table
+XIII.)
+
+From this mating, as shown in table 25, there are 15 offspring, 1 S, 5
+M, 8 F, 1 VF. In this case one-fifteenth of the offspring are slender,
+which suggests a trihybrid ratio and that there are at least 3 pairs of
+factors present for fleshiness; and that, of these, 3 or 2 pairs are
+present in each parent (table 18). It may be that in the Dol-3, Sle-2,
+and Thi-2 families the parental gametes carry fewer genes for fleshiness.
+Details are given in the following histories.
+
+
+DOL-3 FAMILY.
+
+A family of German extraction living in Ohio. The Father, an inventor,
+suffered in youth from typhoid, has at 59 years the formula 180/67
+inches; build 2.8 (40). His father, an inventor and machinist, died at
+73 years from “old age,” with the formula 165/M inches; build, say, 2.5
+(36). His mother, always well, died at 70 years from “general debility,”
+with the formula 140/S inches; build, say, 2.7 (38).
+
+The Mother, who underwent an operation for “fatty tumor,” is living at
+57 years, having the formula 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40). Three of
+her sisters died in infancy from convulsions. Her father, a bookkeeper,
+died at 98 years from a paralytic stroke, having the formula 160/66
+inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother’s build was 180/66, or 3.7 (41). The 5
+children who grew up:
+
+1. Female, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 30 years the
+formula 118/64 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 131/64
+inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+2. Male, a machinist, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 27
+years the formula 160/73 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years,
+176/73 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from typhoid, has at 25 years
+the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 164/68
+inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+4. Male, a man of science, always well, has at 23 years the formula
+150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 166/68 inches; build
+2.5 (36).
+
+5. Female, a teacher, always well, has at 20 years the formula 120/64
+inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 139/64 inches; build 2.4
+(34).
+
+_Comment._—Both stout parents come of stout or medium stock. Of the
+children, 3 are slender, 2 are medium. Adjusted, all are of medium build
+(R: Dol-3).
+
+
+LAN-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from the State of Washington. The Father at 82 years had the
+formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His 3 sibs are: (1) brother, at 50
+years, 160/74 inches; build 2.1 (29); (2) brother, at 26 years, 190/73
+inches; build 2.5 (36); (3) sister, at 70 years, 180/70 inches; build 2.6
+(37). Their father, at 90 years, had the formula 200/74 inches; build 2.6
+(37); their mother at 95 years, 160/66 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+The Mother at 52 years had the formula 170/65 inches; build 2.9 (40). Her
+one sister at 78 years, 145/64 inches; build 2.5 (35). Her father at 54
+years, 200/68.5 inches; build 3.0 (43). Her mother at 82 years, 170/68
+inches; build 2.6 (37). The two children:
+
+1. Male, at 58 years, has the formula 240/68.5 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+
+2. Female, at 48 years, 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29).
+
+_Comment._—Details concerning this family are lacking. From two stout
+parents, one of whom has a slender 2.1 (29) brother and the other a
+father of build 3.0 (43), arise two children with indices of 3.6 (51)
+and 2.1 (29) respectively (S: Lan-A).
+
+
+SLE-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Irish extraction living in Michigan. The Father, a lawyer,
+is recorded to have suffered from no illnesses. He died at 52 years from
+“dipsomania,” having the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). His
+father, a shoemaker, is living, having partially lost his mind through
+excessive use of tobacco. He has at 83 years the formula 150/65 inches;
+build 2.5 (36). His mother died at 50 years from “cancer of the breast,”
+having the formula 170/65 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+The Mother, who suffered in middle age from asthma, is living at 54
+years, having the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her father, a
+lumber dealer, suffered in middle age from typhoid fever and erysipelas,
+and died of old age at 84 years, having the formula 180/70 inches;
+build 2.6 (37). Her mother, who had “swelling and lameness of hands,
+due perhaps to gout,” was killed at 78 years by a fall due to defective
+sight. Her formula was 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43). The 2 children:
+
+1. Male, a teacher, has at 28 years the formula 175/71 inches; build 2.4
+(35); adjusted to 53 years, 189/71 inches; build 2.7 (37).
+
+2. Female, a school teacher, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has
+at 25 years the formula 160/65 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 53
+years, 177/65 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+_Comment._—The two fleshy parents and fleshy grandparents have 2 children
+whose adjusted build is fleshy (R: Sle-2).
+
+
+THR-2 FAMILY. (Fig. 33.)
+
+In this family the Father is the same as child No. 2 of family Thr-1 (p.
+138). It lives in Iowa. The father (III 4), a physician, had at 25 years
+a weight of 180 pounds, height 69 inches; build 2.7 (38). At 70 years he
+weighs 188 pounds, height 68.7 inches; build 2.7 (39). His 5 brothers
+were of about medium build, “called sturdy, hearty boys”; they all became
+stout.
+
+Their father, though of slender build (following lung disease) in middle
+life, “took on flesh” in later life; probably came to be of “fleshy”
+build. Their mother was of medium build.
+
+The Mother (III 5) weighs around 170 pounds and is 65 inches tall; thus a
+build of 2.8 (40). Her parents (II 5-6) each had a build of 2.7 (38). The
+6 children (IV 1-6):
+
+1. Male, weighed 10 pounds at birth; when in high school he weighed 160
+pounds; at the university was a football player; at 36 he weighed 240
+pounds, and at 41 he weighs about 200. His build is probably about 3.0
+(43).
+
+2. Female, is “very large”; at 35 years she weighs about 180 pounds,
+stature 65.5 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+3. Female, at 33 is of the same weight and stature as her sister; build
+3.0 (42).
+
+4. Male, weighed at 23 years about 117 pounds; at 33 years up to 130
+pounds; at 36 weighs about 190 pounds; stature 71 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+5. Female, at 26 has a weight of 175 pounds, stature 66 inches; build 2.8
+(40).
+
+6. Male, weighed while in the Navy at 23 years 175 pounds, stature 70
+inches; build 2.5 (36); at 26 he weighs 165 pounds; build 2.7 (38).
+
+_Comment._—In this family both parents are of fleshy build and all the
+children are, likewise, of fleshy build (R: Thr-2).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 33.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the THR-1, 2 families.]
+
+
+Mating 3. OTHER VERY FLESHY × VERY FLESHY MATINGS. (Table XV).
+
+There are 7 instances of this type of mating. These are summarized in
+table XV, Appendix. An examination of this table shows that in all
+families with 2 or more offspring one or more of them are obese. There
+is no case of slender offspring, though 12 out of 30, or two-fifths, are
+of medium build and only 10, or one-third of all, are very fleshy. This
+indicates the presence of recessive factors in the very fleshy parents.
+It suggests further that there are two or more pairs of factors that
+must be present to produce very fleshy children. Assuming that there
+are two factors and that both parents are heterozygous for one of them,
+we should expect very fleshy, fleshy, and medium offspring in about the
+proportions of 25:50:25, which distribution is not very close to the
+actual proportions of 40:27:33. On the assumption of 3 pairs of factors,
+we might expect 17:32:49 respectively from a 4 × 5 factor mating. Or the
+4 × 4 factor mating would give on one hypothesis 31 (S + M):38:31, which
+is closest of all. All of these very fleshy parents are heterozygous.
+
+Table XV shows also that when all grandparents are known there is always
+one on each side who is at least of grade 36.
+
+The contrast between the families of table II and table XV is this: In
+table II, of the 20 grandparents 40 per cent are slender or very slender.
+In table XV of 20 grandparents only 30 per cent are fleshy, the others
+are of lower grades of build. Accordingly we are apparently justified
+in concluding that some of the very fleshy parents were heterozygous in
+the factors for build; and, indeed, as stated, of the 30 children 12 are
+of medium build. Table II contains slender strains; table XV largely
+heterozygous ones. The detailed history of these cases follows.
+
+
+BOW-B FAMILY. (Fig. 34.)
+
+A Virginia family, probably of English stock. The Father has the formula
+200/66.5 inches; build 3.2 (45). His father had the formula 187/64.5
+inches; build 3.2 (45). His mother had the formula 165/66 inches; build
+2.7 (38). Thus this side of the house has a fleshy or very fleshy build.
+
+The Mother has the formula 220/68 inches; build 3.4 (48). Her 3 brothers,
+all 6 feet tall or more, each has a build of about 35. Her 2 tall sisters
+have builds of 38 and 50 respectively. Her father had the formula 190/73
+inches; build 2.5 (36). Her mother had the formula 90/62 inches; build
+1.6 (23). Thus this side of the house, aside from the fleshy mother, has
+prevailingly medium build. The mother’s mother was even very slender.
+
+Six children:
+
+1. Male, at 56 years, 222/66.5 inches; build 3.5 (50).
+
+2. Male, 175/69 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+3. Male, 240/73 inches; build 3.2 (45).
+
+4. Female, 200/65 inches; build 3.3 (47).
+
+5. Female, 187/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+6. Female, 170/64 inches; build 2.9 (42).
+
+_Comment._—Thus of the children, half are fleshy and half very fleshy,
+and one exceeds any record of build in either side of the house. The
+Father acts like a homozygous dominant (S: BOW-B).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 34.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the Bow-B family.]
+
+
+BOW-2 FAMILY. (Fig. 34a.)
+
+The grandparents and parents were born in Cornwall, England; the
+children, except the first, in Connecticut.
+
+The Father, II 6, a contractor, who suffered from hernia and flat foot,
+had, at 66, the formula 200/67 inches; build 3.2 (45). Two of his sibs
+died of consumption; other sibs are as follows: (1) sister, has the
+formula 225/66 inches; build 3.7 (52); (2) brother, has formula 225/67.5
+inches; build 3.4 (49); (3) brother, has formula 225/66 inches; build 3.7
+(52); (4) sister, has formula 200/65 inches; build 3.3 (47): (5) sister,
+has formula 190/66 inches; build 3.1 (44). Some of these suffer from
+varicose veins and one is bow-legged. Their father, who was a shoemaker,
+and asthmatic, died at 77 years of arterio-sclerotic hemorrhage of lungs.
+Formula 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). Their mother had varicose veins on
+the leg and died at 68 years of “stoppage of the bowels.” Formula 250/66
+inches; build 4.0 (57). This is an extraordinary family of very fleshy
+people (except the father’s father, who had lung trouble), the obesity
+coming from the Timmins side, of Penryn, Cornwall.
+
+The Mother, II 7, who was much subject to sore throat, indigestion, and
+piles, died of dropsy and cancer of the liver, at 57 years. Formula
+180/61.5 inches; build 3.4 (48). One of her sisters died of consumption;
+other sibs were as follows: (1) ♂, died of pneumonia; formula, 150/68
+inches; build 2.3 (32); (2) ♂, died at 47 years; formula, 150/65 inches;
+build 2.5 (36); (3) ♀, has the formula 136/60 inches; build 2.7 (38). The
+mother’s father was a miner; had asthma and miner’s disease, and died at
+59 years of paralytic shock. Formula, 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41). Her
+mother died at 69 years of pneumonia. Formula, 120/61 inches; build 2.3
+(32). Except for the very fleshy—3.4 (48)—Mother, this side of the house
+is less fleshy than the other. Five grown children:
+
+1. Male, who has had naso-pharyngeal infections, has at 43 years the
+formula 140/67.5 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 144/67.5
+inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+2. Female, who has suffered from naso-pharyngeal infections, diarrhea,
+and nervous exhaustion, has at 42 years the formula 112/61.5 inches;
+build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 117/61.5 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Female, subject to indigestion, has at 40 years the formula 125/62.5
+inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 131/62.5 inches; build 2.4
+(34).
+
+4. Male, a bricklayer, subject to diarrhea, has at 35 years the formula
+135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 143/67 inches; build
+2.3 (32).
+
+5. Male, subject to biliousness and sleep-walking, has at 32 years the
+formula 185/66 inches; build 3.0 (43); adjusted to 55 years, 193/66
+inches; build 3.1 (44).
+
+_Comment._—Thus 4 of the 5 children have a medium build; only 1 is very
+fleshy (S: Bow-2).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 34A.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+BOW-2 family.]
+
+
+BYR-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from South Carolina. The Father, at 60 years, had the formula
+235/72 inches; build 3.2 (45). Of his 3 sibs, (1) brother, 200/66 inches;
+build 3.2 (46); (2) brother, weighed 150 pounds; (3) sister, 165/66
+inches; build 2.7 (38). Their father, at 73 years, had the formula 200/64
+inches; build 3.4 (49). Their mother, at 73 years, 175/64 inches; build
+3.0 (43). All but one of the Father’s brothers are very fleshy.
+
+The Mother, at 73 years, had the formula 165/60 inches; build 3.2 (46).
+Her 6 sibs weighed from 130 to 165 pounds. Her father, at 84 years, had
+the formula 160/72 inches; build 2.2 (31). Except for the Mother, this
+side of the house is apparently of only medium build. Four children:
+
+1. Male, at 54 years, has the formula 235/71 inches; build 3.3 (47).
+
+2. Male, at 50 years, 160/71 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+3. Male, at 64 years, 165/71 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+4. Female, 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+_Comment._—Thus 1 in 4 is very fleshy, 1 is fleshy, and 2 are medium (S:
+Byr-A).
+
+
+CAT-3 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Italian origin; grandparents and parents all born in Sicily,
+moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where the children were all born. The Father,
+a sailor till 24 years, then “in business,” suffered in youth (16 years)
+from malaria, and at 20 years and again at 40 years from bronchitis; he
+is living at 63 years; formula 180/64 inches; build 3.1 (44). His father,
+a sailor till 30 years, then a fish dealer, suffered in youth from colds
+and in middle age from bronchitis. He died, at 85 years, from stomach
+trouble. Formula, 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39). His mother, who was
+“short and slim,” died at child-birth at 23 years, having the formula
+130/61 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+The Mother suffered in middle age from appendicitis and influenza. She
+is living at 56 years, having the formula 195/62 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+Her father, who operated an oil mill, was short and “stocky” and had
+high blood-pressure. He died, at 77 years, from “sudden shock, caused by
+chill,” having the formula 160/62 inches; build 3.0 (42). Her mother, who
+had 11 children, was a quick-tempered, heavy-set, broad-shouldered woman.
+She died at 77 years of pneumonia, having the formula 200/64 inches;
+build 3.4 (49). Six grown children:
+
+1. Male, a pharmacist, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has, at 27
+years, the formula 145/66 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years,
+156/66 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+2. Female, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has, at 26 years, the
+formula 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 55 years, 168/66
+inches; build 2.2 (39).
+
+3. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from measles, chicken-pox, and
+colds, is fond of athletics and out-of-door life. At birth he weighed 10
+pounds; at 14 years, 140 pounds. Began athletics and at 17 years weighed
+180 pounds. At 23 years has the formula 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 209/67 inches; build 3.3 (47).
+
+4. Female, a student, who at 22 years has the formula 120/62 inches;
+build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55+ years, 138/62 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+5. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from measles, diphtheria, and
+pneumonia. Died at 18 years in military service, from pneumonia. Formula,
+140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 165/70 inches; build
+2.4 (34).
+
+6. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has at 18
+years the formula 147/66 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 55+ years,
+172/70 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+_Comment._—The Mother’s side of the house is decidedly the heavier. One
+son approached the maternal build; the other children are far below
+either parent in build, even with the adjustment (which is probably
+inadequate) (R: Car-3).
+
+
+DAL-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from North Carolina. The Father, at 69 years, has the formula
+225/68 inches; build 3.4 (49). Of his 7 sibs, (1) brother, at 64 years,
+has the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34); (2) brother, at 35 years,
+150/70 inches; build 2.2 (31); (3) brother, at 45 years, 140/67.5
+inches; build 2.1 (30); (4) brother, at 40 years, 230/70 inches; build
+3.3 (47); (5) brother, 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35); (6) sister, at 60
+years, 166/66 inches; build 2.7 (38); (7) sister, at 70 years, 140/70
+inches; build 2.0 (29). Their father, at 75 years, 220/68 inches; build
+3.3 (48). A very fleshy Father of whose 7 sibs 1 is very fleshy, 1
+fleshy, 4 medium, and 1 slender. The gametic constitution is apparently
+mixed.
+
+The Mother, at 36 years, has the formula 225/65 inches; build 3.7 (53).
+Her father, at 80 years, 330/72 inches; build 4.6 (64). Apparently this
+side of the house is exceptionally fleshy. Six children:
+
+1. Male, at 64 years, 212/69 inches; build 3.1 (45).
+
+2. Male, at 66 years, 185/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+3. Male, at 59 years, 240/69 inches; build 3.5 (50).
+
+4. Male, at 54 years, 240/72 inches; build 3.3 (46).
+
+5. Female, at 61 years, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+6. Female, at 54 years, 130/64 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+_Comment._—Thus 3 out of 6 children are very fleshy, 1 is fleshy and the
+2 daughters are medium (S: Dal-A).
+
+
+DUD-A FAMILY.
+
+A family of Irish extraction from North Carolina.
+
+The Father, at 75 years, had the formula 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49).
+His brother, at 70 years, 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+The Mother, at 86 years, had the formula 220/66 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+Two grown children:
+
+1. Male, at 60 years, 251/70 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+
+2. Male, at 70 years, 150/70 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+_Comment._—The children of these parents, the family of one of whom at
+least is of mixed build, were one very fleshy and one medium (S: Dud-A).
+
+
+SMI-36 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction. The grandparents, parents, and one child
+are all New Englanders.
+
+The Father, a physician, in excellent health, has at 53 the formula
+208/67.5 inches; build 3.2 (46). His father, a physician also, died, at
+82 years, from angina pectoris. He had pulmonary tuberculosis in youth.
+At 65 his formula was 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). The father’s mother
+had three sons and two daughters. She died of tuberculosis, at 35 years
+of age. Her formula at 30 was 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34). This side of
+the house shows heavy build of mixed origin.
+
+The Mother in middle age had cerebral embolus. At 51 her formula is
+176/63.5 inches; build 3.1 (44). Her father, a farmer, had erysipelas
+in middle age. He died, at 64, from typhoid fever. At 60 he had the
+formula 225/70 inches; build 3.2 (46). Her mother, having had 3 sons and
+4 daughters, died at 78 from dysentery. At 65 her formula was 160/63
+inches; build 2.8 (40). This side of the house is very fleshy to fleshy.
+One child:
+
+1. Male, a medical student. He has, at 22, the formula 165/74 inches;
+build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 52 years, 190/74 inches, build 2.5 (34).
+
+_Comment._—Thus the child is slenderer than either parent and like his
+tubercular father’s mother (R: Smi-36).
+
+
+SUMMARY.
+
+The progeny of the three matings may now be compared (table 26). While
+even very fleshy parents are sometimes heterozygous (perhaps carrying 5
+or rarely even 4 zygotic factors for build), yet they do not produce any
+slender children. The merely “fleshy” parents, on the other hand, produce
+about 7 per cent slender. None would be expected on the 4-zygotic-factor
+hypothesis, but about 6 per cent would be on the 6-factor hypothesis.
+
+
+TABLE 26.—_Summary of selected fleshy matings, together with their
+progeny._
+
+  +--------------------------+----+-------------------------------------+
+  |                          |    |              Offspring.             |
+  |                          |    +------------------+------------------+
+  |                          | No.|    Frequency.    |    Proportion.   |
+  |                          |    +---+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+
+  |                          |    | S | M  | F  | VF | S | M  | F  | VF |
+  +--------------------------+----+---+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+
+  |Mating 1. One parent VF;  |    |   |    |    |    |   |    |    |    |
+  |  the other F, of F stock.| 50 | 2 | 11 | 23 | 14 | 4 | 22 | 46 | 28 |
+  |                          |    |   |    |    |    |   |    |    |    |
+  |Mating 2. Both parents F, |    |   |    |    |    |   |    |    |    |
+  |  of F stock.             | 15 | 1 |  5 |  8 |  1 | 7 | 33 | 53 |  7 |
+  |                          |    |   |    |    |    |   |    |    |    |
+  |Mating 3. Other VF × VF   |    |   |    |    |    |   |    |    |    |
+  |  matings.                | 30 |   | 12 |  8 | 10 |   | 40 | 27 | 33 |
+  +--------------------------+----+---+----+----+----+---+----+----+----+
+
+A comparison of tables 23 and 26 shows a profound difference in the
+distribution of build in the two sets of progenies. From the matings
+of slender parents come predominantly (84 per cent) slender and very
+slender offspring; from the mating of two fleshy or very fleshy parents
+come predominantly (67 per cent) fleshy and very fleshy offspring. The
+ranges of the offspring classes overlap somewhat, for the slender matings
+produce 16 per cent progeny who are above slender build; and the fleshy
+matings produce 32 per cent of progeny who are below fleshy build. The
+progeny of the slender matings are much less variable than those of
+fleshy matings. Thus, the standard deviation of the offspring in table 23
+is only 3.13 ± 0.17; while the standard deviation of the offspring of the
+fleshy parents listed in table 24 is 5.74 ± 0.39 and in table 25 4.70 ±
+0.52. From the standpoint of genetics this indicates the presence of more
+genetical factors in the fleshy parents than in the slender.
+
+However, there is one consideration that must not be overlooked. This is
+that the mean index of build of the slender offspring is lower than that
+of the fleshy ones. If we place the average index of the very slender and
+slender groups at 26, and of the pure fleshy at 40, then the coefficient
+of variability of the slender and very slender is 3.13/26, or 12 per
+cent, and that of the fleshy of table 24 is 4.70/40, or 14 per cent. Thus
+the fleshy offspring are not only absolutely but also relatively more
+variable than the slender offspring.
+
+Perhaps a fairer comparison is obtained from the data of table 12. The
+standard deviation of the progeny of the S × S matings is 2.41; of the
+F × F matings is 5.37. The corresponding coefficients of variability
+are 2.41/28.47 and 5.35/37.56, or 8.46 per cent and 14.25 per cent
+respectively. That is, the coefficient of variability of build of the
+offspring of the F × F mating is 68 per cent greater than that of the S
+× S mating. The ranges of the logarithms of the indices of the S and the
+F groups is as near as possible the same, and the arithmetic range of
+the F is only 40 per cent greater than of the S group. Hence the greater
+variability of the offspring of the F × F as compared with the S × S
+matings can not be accounted for on a difference in the range of index
+values of the S and F classes. The most reasonable conclusion seems to be
+that the gametes of the fleshy parents are somewhat more variable than
+the gametes of the slender and the very slender parents.
+
+
+CLASS III. MATING OF SLENDER WITH FLESHY STOCK—THE F₁ GENERATION.
+
+After having considered the inheritance of build in the progeny of
+slender and of fleshy stock respectively, we have next to consider the
+distribution of build in hybrids between such stocks. This class of
+matings produces the familiar F₁ generation. Incidentally it may be
+pointed out that where multiple factors are concerned the F₁ generation
+has not that uniformity that it has when only one factor is concerned.
+This is partly because there are several kinds of F₁ offspring. For
+example, the progeny of very fleshy × slender, fleshy × very slender,
+fleshy × slender, and even subdivisions of some of these categories. If
+we analyze the progeny of all these matings together, a considerable
+range of variation in the F₁ generation is to be expected. If we deal
+with each type of mating separately, the numbers are insufficient to
+be significant. Compromises of various sorts will be necessary between
+too small numbers of offspring, on the one hand, and too heterogeneous
+parents on the other. Further complications arise from the fact that
+on the hypothesis that fleshy persons carry factors that dominate over
+slender, it is to be expected that the children shall be, on the average,
+of above medium build; and, again, from the fact that the children are
+younger than the parents and, for the most part, do not as yet show their
+full adult build. This is a matter of especial importance in this mating,
+since heterozygous individuals are slow in developing their potential
+build. Three kinds of matings will be considered.
+
+
+Mating 1. ONE PARENT SLENDER, OF SLENDER STOCK, AND THE OTHER FLESHY, OF
+FLESHY STOCK. (Table VIII in Part.)
+
+If mainly those fleshy parents are selected whose parents and sibs (so
+far as known) are fleshy, then the progeny will correspond as nearly as
+possible to a Mendelian F₁ generation, and should be characterized by
+relatively low variability. Such selected matings are given in table 27,
+extracted from table VIII, Appendix.
+
+
+TABLE 27.—_Matings of a slender parent of slender stock and a fleshy
+parent of fleshy stock, together with their progeny._
+
+  +--------+---+---+---+--------+---+---+---+---------+------------------+
+  |        |   |   |   |        |   |   |   |         |    Offspring.    |
+  |        |   |   |   |Father’s|   |   |   |Mother’s +---+----+----+----+
+  |        | FF| FM| F |  sibs. | MF| MM| M | sibs.   | S | M  | F  | VF |
+  |        |   |   |   |        |   |   |   |         |   |    |    |    |
+  +--------+---+---+---+--------+---+---+---+---------+---+----+----+----+
+  |        |   |   |   |        |   |   |   |         |   |    |    |    |
+  |Ale 2   | 33| 28| 27| 3 tall | 36| 42| 38| 2 t     |   |  2 |  1 |    |
+  |Coo 6   | 38| 38| 39|        | 33| 29| 28| Short   |   |  1 |  2 |    |
+  |Cla 32  | 29| 29| 29|        | 31| 42| 38|         |   |  1 |  1 |    |
+  |Dob 2   | 30| S | 26|        | F | F | 42|         |   |  4 |  1 |    |
+  |Dud I   | 48| 61| 43|10 F    | 31| 28| 28| 3 of 12,|  2|    |    |    |
+  |        |   |   |   | and VF;|   |   |   | F or VF.|   |    |    |    |
+  |        |   |   |   | 1S(t). |   |   |   |         |   |    |    |    |
+  |Elk I   | 36| 44| 41|        | 30| 32| 27|         |  1|  3 |    |    |
+  |Faz     |   | F | S | 1 F    | F | F | 57| 1 VF    |   |  1 |  1 |    |
+  |Leo     |   |   | F | 1 F    | S | S | S | 4 S     |   |    |  3 |    |
+  |Lyn     |   | F | F | 2 F    |   |   | S |         |   |    |  6 |    |
+  |Ofi a   |   |   | S |        |   |   | VF|         |   |  1 |  6 |  1 |
+  |Ofi b   |   |   | S | 1 M 3 F|   |   | F | 7 F     |   |  2 |  4 |  2 |
+  |Ofi c   |   |   | S |        |   |   | VF|         |   |  1 |  6 |  1 |
+  |Smi     |   |   | 45|        |   |   | 30|         |  1|  1 |  3 |  3 |
+  |Wal 4   | 38| 34| 41|        | 31| 28| 27|         |   |  1 |  1 |    |
+  |        +---+---+---+        +---+---+---+         +---+----+----+----+
+  |Total   |   |   |   |        |   |   |   |    64   |  4| 18 | 35 |  7 |
+  |Per cent|   |   |   |        |   |   |   |   100   |6.2|28.1|54.6|11.1|
+  +--------+---+---+---+--------+---+---+---+---------+---+----+----+----+
+
+                             A, 38.29 ± 0.43.
+                            S. D., 5.02 ± 0.30
+
+In table 27, of 64 offspring the proportions are 6 S, 28 M, 55 F, 11
+VF. On the assumption of 6 zygotic factors, and that the matings are of
+5-factor and 2-factor parents, and that they were equally of the two
+types of matings of this class, then we should expect the following
+proportions; 8 S, 42 M, 42 F, 8 VF. That this does not more closely
+approximate the observed proportions is probably due to the partial
+dominance of F over S. At any rate, it is a closer fit than would be
+given on the 4-factor hypothesis. The details of each family included in
+this mating are given below.
+
+
+ALE-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction; grandparents and parents living mostly
+in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. Two of the children were born
+in West Virginia, the other two in Ohio. The Father, a minister, has at
+55 years the formula 135/70.8 inches; build 1.9 (27). His 3 brothers are
+tall. Their father, who was a minister, always well, died at 81 years
+from “diseases incident to old age,” at 70 years having the formula
+M/VT;[5] build, say, 2.3 (33). Their mother, who had 6 children, in youth
+was “delicate.” She died at 85 years from old age, having the formula
+S/T; build, say, 2.0 (28). Thus this side of the house is prevailingly of
+slender build.
+
+[5] M, medium weight; VT, very tall.
+
+The Mother, who had 4 children, suffered in middle age from erysipelas
+and gallstones. She is living at 54 years, having at 50 years the formula
+145/62 inches; build 2.7 (38). One of her brothers died at 18 years from
+tuberculosis, height 70 inches; another brother became feeble-minded
+after an attack of spinal meningitis, height 62.5 inches; one sister also
+died from tuberculosis at 48 years. Their father, who was a miller,
+suffered in youth from typhoid fever and in middle age from neuralgia
+and acute indigestion, and was killed in an accident at 77 years. At 60
+years his formula was 165/M; build, say, 2.5 (36). Their mother, who had
+9 children, was always well. She died at 78 years from angina pectoris.
+At 50 years her formula was 165/M; build, say, 3.0 (42). Thus this side
+of the house is prevailingly of fleshy build, despite some tuberculosis.
+The 3 grown children:
+
+1. Male, a minister, always well, has at 30 years the formula 165/67
+inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 52 years, 174/67 inches; build 2.7
+(39).
+
+2. Female, a school teacher, always well, has at 28 years the formula
+108/62.5 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 52 years, 123/62.5 inches;
+build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Male, a student, always well, has at 23 years the formula 140/66.5
+inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 52 years, 154/67 inches; build 2.4
+(34).
+
+_Comment._—The build of the children ranges from 2.0 or 2.2 (28 or 31) to
+2.6 or 2.7 (37 or 39), almost exactly the difference between the parents
+but the build is slightly higher on the average than theirs. One should
+probably be classified as slender, one as medium, and one as fleshy.
+There is a slight evidence of dominance of fleshiness (R: Ale-2).
+
+
+COO-6 FAMILY.
+
+A family of mixed Nordic stock, chiefly English, living in the Central
+States. The Father, a farmer, who has always been well, is a man of great
+bodily energy and calm temperament. Formula at 40 years 180/68 inches;
+build 2.7 (39). His father, a farmer, who was killed in the Civil War,
+had at 40 years the formula 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38). His mother,
+who was always well and energetic, had at 40 years the formula 160/65
+inches; build 2.7 (38). Thus this side of the house is uniformly fleshy.
+
+The Mother, who had a throat infection, had the formula 110/63 inches;
+build 1.9 (28). Her sibs were mostly short and two of them suffered from
+asthma. Their father, a farmer, who had a throat infection and died at
+55 of smallpox, had the formula 150/67.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). Their
+mother, who also died at 55 of smallpox, had the formula 125/66 inches;
+build 2.0 (29). Thus the maternal side of the house has a distinctly
+slenderer build than the paternal. The 3 children:
+
+1. Male, who died in early infancy of brain fever.
+
+2. Male, 30 years old, a traveling salesman and soldier, with a catarrhal
+nasal infection, had the formula at 20 years 160/67.5 inches; build 2.5
+(35); adjusted to 50 years, 178/69.4 inches; build 2.7 (37).
+
+3. Female, 25 years old, a music teacher, with a catarrhal nasal
+infection, has at 20 years the formula 120/62 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 50 years, 139/62 inches; build 2.6 (36).
+
+4. Male, 21 years old, a farmer, from whom a skin tumor and tonsils have
+been removed, has at 20 years the formula 150/65.5 inches; build 2.4
+(35); adjusted to 50 years, 166/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+_Comment._—A mating of fleshy with slender build has produced only
+medium-fleshy offspring (R: Coo-6).
+
+
+CLA-32 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction living in Vermont. The Father, who is a
+farmer, suffered in youth from catarrh and influenza. He is living at
+57 years, having the formula 150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father,
+who is a farmer, always well, has at 84 years the formula 150/72 inches;
+build 29. His mother, who had 2 children, always well, has at 80 years
+the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29). This family is prevailingly
+slender.
+
+The Mother, who has 2 children, always well, has at 52 years the formula
+157/64 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her father, who was a farmer, suffered
+in middle age from weak heart, sciatica, and rheumatism. He died, at 67
+years, from “blood-clot on brain,” having the formula 160/72 inches;
+build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who had 1 child, was always well till, at
+68 years, she died of cancer of liver; formula 160/62 inches; build 2.9
+(42). Of the 2 children:
+
+1. Female, married, always well, has at 30 years the formula 145/66
+inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55 years, 160/66 inches; build 2.6
+(37).
+
+2. Male, a farmer, always well, has, at 24 years, the formula 150/72
+inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 169/72 inches; build 2.3
+(33).
+
+_Comment._—The daughter will probably become fleshy like her Mother; the
+son will probably remain slender like his Father (R: Cla-32).
+
+
+DOB-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scotch-Irish and German extraction, living in the middle
+western States. The Father, a real-estate agent, who in youth suffered
+from diphtheria, has at 65 years the formula 120/67.5 inches; build 1.9
+(26). His father, a farmer, always well, died at 89 years of old age,
+with the formula 145/70 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother died at 29
+years of tuberculosis; she was slender.
+
+The Mother, who in youth suffered from whooping-cough and scarlet fever,
+has at 65 years the formula 170/64 inches; build 2.9 (42)—fleshy. Her
+father, a German farmer, died of old age at 81 years; he was corpulent.
+Her mother died at 81 years of “heart leakage”; she was corpulent. The 5
+children:
+
+1. Male, a school teacher, always well, has at 34 years the formula
+130/66.5 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 138/66.5 inches;
+build 2.3 (31).
+
+2. Female, a music and art teacher, who in youth suffered from catarrhal
+fever, has at 32 years the formula 135/61 inches; build 2.6 (36);
+adjusted to 55 years, 147/61 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+3. Male, electrical engineer, always well, has at 29 years the formula
+140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 150/67 inches; build
+2.3 (33).
+
+4. Male, student, had pneumonia, has at 26 years the formula 150/67
+inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55 years, 162/67 inches; build 2.5
+(36).
+
+5. Male, a student, who has had malaria, has at 24 years the formula
+130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 144/67 inches; build
+2.3 (32).
+
+_Comment._—A man of a family of a prevailing slender build, whose mother
+died of tuberculosis, married a fleshy woman of two fleshy parents.
+Of the 5 children, 1 and perhaps 2 will become fleshy; 1 is of medium
+build, and 2 will probably remain slender like the Father. Since all
+children are fleshier than the slender Father, and since members of the
+family tend to grow fleshy as they grow older, it seems probable (barring
+disease) that child No. 2 will gain the build of her stout Mother and
+that the others will become of at least medium build (R: Dob-2).
+
+
+DUD-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scotch stock residing principally in Ohio and Iowa. The
+Father, a farmer until his retirement at 50 years, who died at 56 of
+diabetes, had at 40 years the formula 215/71 inches; build 3.0 (43). Of
+his 6 sisters, 4 were stout to very stout and 1 was slender and died of
+tuberculosis. Of his 2 brothers, one was 72 inches tall and died of
+kidney trouble; the other was 67 inches tall. The Father’s father, also a
+farmer all his life and very strong, died at 60 years of apoplexy, having
+the formula 250/64 inches; build 4.3 (61). This side of the house brings
+into the combination a tendency to extreme fleshiness.
+
+The Mother, who was operated on for cancer, at 40 years had the formula
+115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28). She had 12 sibs, of whom 3 were fleshy or
+very fleshy. Her father, a carpenter, who died of Bright’s disease at 70,
+had the formula 160/72 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who died at 50
+years of tuberculosis, had at 40 years of age the formula 120/65 inches;
+build 2.0 (28). This side of the house is prevailingly slender. The 2
+children:
+
+1. Male, a college student and subject to migraine, has at 25 years the
+formula 158/70 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 40 years, 169/70
+inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+2. Female, a school girl, operated on at 16 for appendicitis, has at 25
+years the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 40 years,
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—This mating of parents of stout and of slender stock results
+in children who are still young and of only medium to slender build.
+It is to be expected that the young man, at least, will become stout,
+approaching his father’s build (R: Dud-1).
+
+
+ELK-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction living in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
+The Father, a “superintendent,” suffered in youth from pneumonia. He is
+living at 47 years, having the formula 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41). One
+of his brothers died, at 43 years, from consumption of the stomach “due
+to accident”; his formula, 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (36). Their mother
+is living at 73 years, having the formula 160/60 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+This side of the house is prevailingly fleshy.
+
+The Mother, who suffered in middle age from bronchial trouble, has at 49
+years the formula 98/60.3 inches; build 2.0 (27). Her father, a farmer,
+is living at 76 years with the formula 135/67.3 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+Her mother, who suffered in middle age from bronchitis, pneumonia, and
+heart trouble, is living at 68 years with the formula 124/62 inches;
+build 3.2. This is a prevailingly slender family. The 4 children:
+
+1. Female, a student, has at 23 years the formula 120/64.5 inches; build
+2.0 (29); adjusted to 48 years, 137/64.5 inches; build 2.2 (33).
+
+2. Female, a student, has at 21 years the formula 108/64.5 inches; build
+1.8 (26); adjusted to 48 years, 126/64.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+3. Female, a student, has at 18 years the formula 107/61 inches; build
+2.0 (29); adjusted to 48 years, 125/61 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+4. Female, a student, twin to No. 3, has at 18 years the formula 107/61.6
+inches; build 1.9 (28); adjusted to 48 years, 127/61.6 inches; build 2.3
+(33).
+
+_Comment._—The children are all fairly young and have the youthful
+slender and medium build. Even on adjustment they do not rise above the
+medium class. Unfortunately, we do not know how this family develops its
+index of build (R: Elk-1).
+
+
+FAZ FAMILY. (Fig. 28.)
+
+II 8, ♂, is slender; he has a fleshy sister and their mother is fleshy.
+
+His wife is II 9, who, at 46 years, has stature 151 cm. (59 inches) and
+weight 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 4.0 (57); very fleshy. Her relative
+chest-girth, is 111/151, or 74 per cent. Her sister, II 6, who died at 66
+of cerebral hemorrhage, had the formula 225/63 inches; build 4.0 (57);
+very fleshy. Both of their parents were fleshy.
+
+The children of II 8, 9 who grew up are: (1) III 9, ♀, at 19 of medium
+weight. (2) III 10, ♂, at 18 years fleshy. Two others are too young to
+include in the statistics.
+
+_Comment._—Medium and fleshy progeny recur, suggesting that the fleshy
+parent is not entirely homozygous (73:665).
+
+
+LEO FAMILY. (Fig. 23.)
+
+II 2 ♂, 72 inches tall and fleshy, has a tall and fleshy sister. His
+wife, II 3, ♀, is of medium stature and slender. She has 4 sibs, all
+slender; their parents also slender. Three children, all fleshy.
+
+Again, II 7, the slender brother of II 3, married an obese woman, and has
+1 child who, at 9 years, is 20 per cent over weight. See also page 61 (S
+× S mating). (73:676.)
+
+
+LYN FAMILY.
+
+D. O., ♂, weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds), fleshy, has 2 fleshy sibs and
+fleshy mother. He married a slender woman, who grew fleshier in middle
+life. They had 6 children, all fleshy. D. O. is a second cousin of figure
+30, II 1 (p. 74). The fleshy parent was apparently a homozygous dominant
+(73:684).
+
+
+OFI FAMILY, A. (Fig. 35.)
+
+I 1 ♂ was tall and slender. His wife I 2 was tall and very fleshy. There
+were 8 children, about whose build something is known.
+
+II 1 ♀ fleshy. II 3 ♀ at 40 years is fleshy, married to a slender man,
+has slender and fleshy children. II 4 ♂ at 30 years is fleshy. II 7 ♂ is
+tall and fleshy. II 10 ♀ is inclined to be fleshy. II 12 ♀ at 42 years is
+fleshy, and has children of both types. II 14 ♂ at 45 years, stature 165
+cm. (65 inches); weight 62.5 (138 pounds); build 2.3 (33); medium. II 13
+♂ died at 35 years; very fleshy. Thus 1 is very fleshy, 6 are fleshy, and
+1 is of medium build (73:697).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 35.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+OFI family.]
+
+
+OFI FAMILY, B. (Fig. 35.)
+
+I 7 ♂, slender, has 3 fleshy sibs and 1 of medium weight. His wife, I 8
+♀, died at 68, fleshy, had 7 sibs, all fleshy. There were 8 children:
+II 15 ♀ at 38 years, stature 153 cm. (60 inches); weight 69 kg. (151
+pounds); build 2.9 (42), fleshy; relative chest-girth 92/153, or 61
+per cent. She has always been fleshy, was formerly more so than now.
+Married to a man of medium build, there were 4 children, 2 slender, and 1
+fleshy[6] and 1 very fleshy. II 16 ♂ died at 48 of “heart disease,” very
+fleshy. II 17 ♀, stature 151 cm. (59 inches); weight 56 kg. (124 pounds);
+build 2.5 (36), fleshy-medium; relative chest-girth 95/151, or 63 per
+cent. II 18 ♀ fleshy. II 20 ♀, very fleshy, has 3 slender children. II 21
+♀ fleshy. II 22 ♂ of medium build. II 23 ♀, at 31 years, stature 150 cm.
+(59 inches); weight 69 kg. (151 pounds); build 3.0 (43 per cent), fleshy.
+Relative chest-girth 100/150, or 67 per cent. Thus, of the 8 children 2
+are of medium build, 4 fleshy, and 2 very fleshy.
+
+[6] III 7, shading omitted, by error, on chart.
+
+
+OFI FAMILY, C. (Fig. 35.)
+
+II 2 ♂, slender, married II 3, at 40 years fleshy and _heterozygous_, and
+had 4 children. III 1 ♂ fleshy; III 2 ♂ of medium build, and III 3 ♂, 4 ♂
+twins, slender. Thus 1 fleshy, 1 medium, and 2 slender.
+
+_Comment._—Mating B is apparently that of a nearly homozygous dominant
+fleshy mated to a slender, and producing fleshy and very fleshy offspring
+and 2 who are just below fleshy build (73:697).
+
+
+SMI FAMILY.
+
+II 1 ♂ (fig. 26), at 50, stature 173 cm. (68 inches); and weight 90 to
+100 kg. (200 to 215 pounds); build 3.2 (45), very fleshy. As a lad he was
+very slender, but at 28 years began to grow fleshy.
+
+Married a woman who, at 68 years, has a stature of 150 cm. (59 inches),
+weight 45 kg. (100 pounds); build 2.0 (30), slender. They had 8 children:
+
+(1) Male, at 50 years, stature 165 cm. (65 inches); weight 80 kg. (175
+pounds); build 2.9 (41), fleshy; slender as a child. (2) ♀, at 48 years,
+stature 155 cm. (61 inches); weight 79 kg. (174 pounds); build 3.3 (47),
+very fleshy; was slender until about 16 years of age. (3) ♀, at 46 years,
+stature 155 cm. (61 inches); weight 86 kg. (190 pounds); build 3.6 (51),
+very fleshy; was slender until 20 years old. By a slender husband she
+has 3 children, 13 to 5 years of age, all slender, but the eldest boy
+growing fleshier. (4) ♀ died at 28 years of kidney trouble, aggravated by
+child-birth; at that time she was slender. (5) ♀, at 34 years, stature
+155 cm. (61 inches); weight 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.4 (48), very
+fleshy, rather uniformly over the body. She was fleshy as a child; then
+became slender and remained so up to the age of 16 or 18 years. By a
+slender man she has 3 children, all young and slender. (6) ♂, at 31 years
+of medium build with a tendency to grow fleshier, by a slender wife has
+a slender child. (7) ♂, at 29 years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight
+now about 62 kg. (135 pounds); build 2.5 (35), fleshy-medium, and varying
+inversely with his activity. (8) ♂, at 24 years, stature 168 cm. (66
+inches); weight 59 kg. (130 pounds); build 2.1 (30), medium-slender, but
+this is the age when in this family they first begin to put on flesh.
+
+_Comment._—This is an exceedingly instructive family; first, because
+they are all slender until 20 to 25 and then begin to grow fleshier. The
+heterozygous condition of fleshiness retards the full development of the
+trait, as so often seen in genetics. It is probable that III 1 is nearly
+homozygous for fleshiness (73:736).
+
+
+WAL-4 FAMILY.
+
+A New York State family of English and Scotch ancestry.
+
+The Father, a business man, with diabetic tendencies, has at 60 years
+the formula 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41). His sibs are all tall or very
+tall. His father, a Scotch farmer, who had “kidney trouble,” which,
+aggravated by influenza, caused his death at 86 years, had the formula
+175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38). His mother, who suffered from neuralgia
+and died of blood-poisoning at 64 years, had the formula 150/66 inches;
+build 2.4 (34). This side of the house is thus of medium to fleshy build.
+
+The Mother is subject to nervous prostration and intestinal indigestion
+and has been operated on for uterine lacerations. At 52 she has the
+formula 125/67.5 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her father, who kept a country
+store and died at 83 years of heart failure, had the formula 156/71
+inches; build 2.2 (31). The Mother’s mother, who died at 75 years of
+cancer of the stomach, was hunch-backed from an accident when 3 years
+old; had long arms and would probably have been tall. At 60 she had
+the formula 100/60 inches; build 2.0 (28). This side of the house is
+prevailingly slender. Two children are:
+
+1. Male, a social worker, has at 30 years the formula 200/74 inches;
+build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 214/74 inches; build 2.8 (39).
+
+2. Male, a business man, has at 24 years the formula 160/71 inches; build
+2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 178/71 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+_Comment._—One child is fleshy like the Father, the other is of
+intermediate build (R: Wal-4).
+
+
+Mating 2. OTHER SLENDER × FLESHY MATINGS.
+
+In addition to the selected cases of table 27, reference may be made to
+other families of table VIII of which details are published herewith; and
+which reveal special matters of interest. They are not included in mating
+1, because there is always at least one medium-grade parent of the fleshy
+side of the house. The families are listed in table 28, summarized here
+and described _in extenso_ further on.
+
+
+TABLE 28.— _Matings of a slender parent of slender stock and a fleshy
+parent of mixed stock, together with their progeny._
+
+  +------+---+---+---+---------+----+----+---+--------+------------------+
+  |      |   |   |   |         |    |    |   |        |    Offspring.    |
+  |      |   |   |   |Father’s |    |    |   |Mother’s+----+---+--+--+---+
+  |      | FF| FM| F |  sibs.  | MF | MM | M |  sibs. |    |   |  |  |   |
+  |      |   |   |   |         |    |    |   |        | VS | S |M |F | VF|
+  |      |   |   |   |         |    |    |   |        |    |   |  |  |   |
+  +------+---+---+---+---------+----+----+---+--------+----+---+--+--+---+
+  |      |   |   |   |         |    |    |   |        |    |   |  |  |   |
+  |Bro 30| 31| 27| 30|         | 35 | 40 | 37|        |    |   | 1| 1|  1|
+  |Fin 1 | 34| 31| 30|         | 38 | 33 | 37|        |    |   | 1| 2|   |
+  |Met A | M | M | 39|3M 1F 1VF|33 ±|28 ±| 30| 2S, 3M |    |   | 1| 4|   |
+  |Olm A | 34|   | 38|1F       | 34 | 28 | 24| 1M, 1F |    |   | 1| 4|  1|
+  |She 12| 34| 46| 38|         | 34 | 28 | 28|        |    |   | 3| 4|   |
+  |Van 3 | 29| 29| 29|         | 33 | 39 | 37|        |    | 2 |  | 1|   |
+  |      +---+---+---+         +----+----+---+        +----+---+--+--+---+
+  | Total|   |   |   |         |    |    |   |        |    | 2 | 7|16|  2|
+  +------+---+---+---+---------+----+----+---+--------+----+---+--+--+---+
+
+                        Offspring: A, 38.01 ± 0.55.
+                            S. D., 4.74 ± 0.39.
+
+_Bro-30._—One child out of 3 is very fleshy, of a grade that in our
+experience never occurs when both parents are slender.
+
+_Fin-1._—In this family all 3 children have already a build nearly equal
+to that of the fleshier parent. Assuming that they increase in weight
+in the same degree as the average person, they may be expected to be
+considerably fleshier than the fleshy parent.
+
+_Met-A._—Of the 5 children, 3 already exceed in build the fleshy parent.
+
+_Olm-A._—Of 6 children, all but 1 are fleshier than the fleshy parent.
+
+_She-12._—Of 7 children, 4 are fleshy like the Father, the others are
+slender to medium.
+
+_Van-3._—One out of 3 is fleshy.
+
+The distribution of indices of build in the offspring is summarized in
+table 28. This distribution of offspring is characterized by about the
+same means as in mating 1, and by about the same variability. It seems
+probable, consequently, that the fleshy parents were nearly homozygous
+for this trait.
+
+
+BRO-30 FAMILY.
+
+A family of prevailingly English stock. The members of this family,
+including the grandparents, parents, and 3 children, were born and
+have lived in Connecticut. The Father in youth had typhoid fever, in
+middle age neuritis. Now, at 72, his formula is 140/68 inches; build 2.1
+(30). His father, a school-teacher and farmer, died at 65 from old age,
+premature because of his strenuous life. His formula was 150/70 inches;
+build 2.0 (31). The Father’s mother had sick headaches and inflammatory
+rheumatism in middle age. She died at 82 from old age, having then the
+formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+The Mother, who had inflammatory rheumatism in youth and malaria in
+middle age, has now, at 63, the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her father, a farmer and politician, suffered from Bright’s disease in
+middle age, and died at 54 from an abscess of the liver as the immediate
+cause. His formula 175/71 inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, having
+enjoyed good health all her life, died at 87 from old age. Her formula
+was 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40). The 3 children are:
+
+1. Male, at 42, 145/67 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years,
+149/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+2. Male, at 40, 165/68 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 55 years,
+170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+3. Male, at 39, 200/68 inches; build 3.0 (43); adjusted to 55 years,
+206/68 inches; build 3.1 (45).
+
+_Comment._—The children’s range of build exceeds that of the parents; the
+youngest is indeed very fleshy. Probably there is an obese tendency which
+comes down through the line of the Mother and Mother’s mother (R: Bro-30).
+
+
+FIN-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Russian Jewish stock. The grandparents and parents were
+natives of Russia; the family emigrated to America and settled in
+Pennsylvania, where the 3 children were born. The Father, a manufacturer,
+is living at 47 years, having the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+His father, a merchant, is living at 69 years, having the formula 150/66
+inches; build 2.4 (34). His mother, who had 12 children, died at 55 years
+from cancer, having the formula 145/68 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+The Mother has at 43 years the formula 165/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her sibs are mostly of heavy build. Her father, a merchant, has at 68
+years the formula 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her mother, who had 5
+children, died at 53 years, having the formula 135/64 inches; build 2.3
+(33). The 3 children:
+
+1. Male, a salesman, has at 23 years the formula 195/70 inches; build 2.8
+(40); adjusted to 45 years, 210/70 inches; build 3.0 (43).
+
+2. Male, a law student, has at 23 years the formula 175/70 inches; build
+2.5 (36); adjusted to 45 years, 190/70 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+3. Male, a college student, has at 21 years the formula 169/70 inches;
+build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 45 years, 186/70 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+_Comment._—All 3 children have a fleshy build and may be expected to
+become fleshier than the Mother (R: Fin-1).
+
+
+MET-A FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in Illinois. The Father, at 50
+years, had the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). Of his 5 sibs: (1)
+Brother, at 50 years, 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). (2) Brother, at 50
+years, 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). (3) Brother, at 50 years, 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35). (4) Sister, at 50 years, had the formula 200/T;
+build, say, 3.2 (46±). (5) Sister, at 50 years, had formula 140/M; build,
+say, 2.5 (35). Both their father and mother are said to have been of
+medium build.
+
+The Mother, at 50 years, had the formula 120/63 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+Of her 5 sibs who reached maturity: (1) Brother, at 50 years, had the
+formula 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). (2) Sister, 130/64 inches; build
+2.2 (32). (3) Sister, 110/60 inches; build 2.1 (31). (4) Sister, 120/63
+inches; build 2.1 (30). (5) Sister, 110/63 inches; build 1.9 (28.) Their
+father had the formula 140/S; build, say, 2.3 (33±). Their mother had the
+formula 120/T; build, say, 2.0 (28±). Five grown children:
+
+1. Female, at 35 years, has the formula 165/65 inches; build 2.7 (39);
+adjusted to 50 years, 175/65 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+2. Male, at 40 years, 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 50
+years, 183/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+3. Male, at 40 years, 185/68 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 50
+years, 188/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+4. Male, at 20 years, 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 50
+years, 178/69 inches; build 2.7 (37).
+
+5. Female, at 35 years, 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 50
+years, 161/68 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+_Comment._—On the adjusted build, all children are above the mid-parent
+and 3 of the 5 exceed the stouter parent (S:Met-A).
+
+
+OLM-A FAMILY. (Fig. 36.)
+
+A family of old American stock living in New York State. The Father has
+the formula 170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38). He has a fleshy brother. His
+father had the formula 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+The Mother has the formula 100/64.5 inches; build 1.7 (24). She has 1
+medium brother and a fleshy sister. Her father had the formula 150/66.5
+inches; build 2.4 (34). Her mother had the formula 125/66.5 inches; build
+2.0 (28). The 6 children:
+
+1. Male, at 60 years, has the formula 192/61 inches; build 3.6 (43).
+
+2. Male, 250/67 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+
+3. Male, 180/66.5 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+4. Male, 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+5. Male, 155/65 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+6. Female, 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+_Comment._—A fleshy man, whose known family is fleshy or medium, has by
+a very slender woman whose family shows a variety of builds, 6 children:
+1 medium, 4 fleshy, and 1 very fleshy. This suggests that the Father is
+nearly homozygous for the factors of build (S:Olm-A).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 36.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+OLM-A family.]
+
+
+SHE-12 FAMILY.
+
+This family, whose grandparents came from Pennsylvania and New Jersey, is
+chiefly of English and German stock. The 10 children were born in Iowa
+and Nebraska.
+
+The Father, soldier and editor, is in good health at 76 years, except
+for “rheumatism”; formula, 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38). His father, a
+blacksmith, who was killed by the kick of a horse, had the formula 160/69
+inches; build 2.4 (34). The Father’s mother, who had a large family and
+died of dropsy, at 74 years had the formula 200/66 inches; build 3.2
+(46). Thus this side of the house is prevailingly of fleshy build.
+
+The Mother, with 10 children, had an attack of pneumonia and died at 56
+of throat and bronchial trouble and had the formula 120/65 inches; build
+2.0 (28). The Mother’s father, a merchant, who died of a fever, had the
+formula 175/72 inches; build 2.4 (34). The Mother’s mother, who was
+inclined to bronchial and lung diseases, had the formula 120/65 inches;
+build 2.0 (28). She died of “old age” at 82 years. This side of the house
+is medium to slender. The 7 grown children are:
+
+1. Female, married, has suffered from intestinal indigestion and “some
+rheumatism.” At 48 her formula is 170/64 inches; build 2.9 (42).
+
+2. Male, a journalist, who was weak after an attack of scarlet fever, but
+developed into a robust man, has at 46 the formula 180/69 inches; build
+2.7 (38).
+
+3. Female, now 40 years old, married and with a family, has the formula
+155/66 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 55 years, 162/66 inches; build
+2.6 (37).
+
+4. Male, a linotype operator, subject to throat and stomach trouble,
+has the formula 170/72 inches, build 2.3 (33), at the age of 37 years;
+adjusted to 55 years, 176/72 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+5. Male, a promoter, in fine health, has at 34 the formula 160/72 inches;
+build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 168/72 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+6. Male, a journalist, who has had ear and throat trouble following
+scarlet fever, has, at 32, the formula 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36);
+adjusted to 55 years, 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+7. Female, delicate and inclined to rheumatism, at 29 years has the
+formula 120/65 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 135/65
+inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+_Comment._—Four of the children are stout like the Father; the others are
+intermediate to slender (R: She-12).
+
+
+VAN-3 FAMILY.
+
+Grandparents from Pennsylvania and New York; children born in
+Pennsylvania and Michigan; chiefly of English origin. Father,
+iron-worker, subject to bronchial and catarrhal troubles; formula, at
+60 years, 135/68 inches; build 2.1 (29). Father’s father, a minister,
+subject to catarrhal and bronchial troubles, died at 92 years of
+pneumonia; formula 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29). Father’s mother died of
+pneumonia at 84 years; formula 122/65 inches; build 2.0 (29). This side
+of the house is slender.
+
+The Mother, who has some catarrhal and bronchial trouble, has the formula
+150/64 inches; build 2.6 (36.6). Her father, who died at 72 years of
+kidney trouble and constipation, had the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3
+(33). Her mother had the formula 160/64 inches; build 2.7 (39). This side
+of the house is of or above the average build. There are 3 children:
+
+1. Female, a teacher, has at 27 years old the formula 110/65 inches;
+build 1.8 (26).
+
+2. Female, who had an attack of typhoid fever, had the formula 150/64
+inches; build 2.6 (36.6) (“physically and mentally like mother”).
+
+3. Male, at 18 years, has the formula 125/68.5 inches; build 1.8 (27);
+adjusted to 50 years, 135/69 inches; build 2.0 (28). Thus 2 of the
+children resemble the (slender) paternal side and 1 the maternal (R:
+Van-3).
+
+
+Mating 3. VERY SLENDER × VERY FLESHY.
+
+Mention may be made of one example of this extreme mating, namely, of
+a very fleshy man with a very slender woman, whose slenderness may
+be due to the fact that she had formerly suffered an acute attack of
+tuberculosis. The two children are still young (19 and 21 years), but are
+already 3 and 5 points respectively above average build (English system),
+suggesting dominance of fleshiness. The detailed history of this mating
+follows.
+
+
+GOO-8 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction living in Massachusetts. The Father, a
+shoe manufacturer, is living at 47 years, having the formula 210/66
+inches; build 3.4 (48). His father, a farmer, who died at 63 years from
+Bright’s disease, was of medium build. His mother, who had only 1 child,
+suffered in youth from tonsillitis. She is living at 75 years and is of
+medium build. The very stout Father is probably heterozygous in build.
+
+The Mother, who has 2 children, suffered in youth from tonsillitis and
+scarlet fever; in middle age from tubercular trouble (“cured”). She is
+living at 46 years, having the formula 100/66 inches; build 1.6 (23). Her
+2 brothers were tall. Her father, a farmer, well except for headaches,
+was a distant cousin to his wife. He is living at 72 years, having the
+formula 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). Her mother, who had 3 children,
+died from cancer at 58 years, having the formula 130/63 inches; build 2.3
+(33). Thus the mother comes of medium (heterozygous?) stock; her extreme
+slenderness is associated with a tendency to active tuberculosis. The 2
+children:
+
+1. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis, has at 21
+years the formula 153/69 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 47 years,
+170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+2. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 19
+years the formula 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 47 years,
+180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+_Comment._—The children are medium to fleshy; they are still young (R:
+Goo-8).
+
+
+Mating 4. SLENDER × VERY FLESHY MATINGS (Table IX).
+
+Another test of dominance of the fleshy factors is afforded by table IX.
+The details will be found in the following pages. The distribution of
+the progeny is indicated in table 29. The sums of table 29, reduced to
+percentages, are: 12.5 S, 42.5 M, 35 F, 10 VF. On the 4-zygotic-factor
+hypothesis of build, an equality of medium and fleshy progeny is
+expected. On the 6-factor hypothesis, a 5 × 2 mating would produce two
+types of families. Averaging these two types, the expected proportions
+are 9 S, 41 M, 41 F, 9 VF, which is fairly close to the proportions
+actually found. It will be observed that fleshy progeny are not far less
+frequent than those of medium build.
+
+
+TABLE 29.—_Matings of a slender parent and a very fleshy one, together
+with their progeny._
+
+  +------------+--------------------------------------+------------------+
+  |            |              Parentage.              |    Offspring.    |
+  |            +--+--+--+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+----+----+--+--+
+  |References. |  |  |  |         |  |  |   |         |  |    |    |  |  |
+  |            |FF|FM|F |Father’s |MF|MM| M |Mother’s |VS| S  | M  |F |VF|
+  |            |  |  |  | sibs.   |  |  |   | sibs.   |  |    |    |  |  |
+  +------------+--+--+--+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+----+----+--+--+
+  |            |  |  |  |         |  |  |   |         |  |    |    |  |  |
+  |Arn 5       |31|48|44|         |33|25|26 |         |  |    |  1 | 1|  |
+  |Ban 2       |42|31|49|2 t      |M |F |26±|5 VF     |  |    |    | 2|  |
+  |Ben 8       |38|26|28|         |39|32|45 |         |  |    |  1 | 1|  |
+  |Bon A       |40|  |51|1 F      |35|  |26 |4 S      |  |    |    |  | 1|
+  |Bun         |F |S |57|         |  |  |26 |         |  |  1 |  2 |  | 1|
+  |Cle 5       |34|34|30|1 F      |27|32|54 |3 F      |  |  1 |  2 | 1|  |
+  |Coo         |M |F |29|2 S, 2 F |M |49|49 |1 F, 1 VF|  |    |  1 |  | 1|
+  |Fen 1       |  |  |44|         |  |  |27 |         |  |  2 |  2 | 1|  |
+  |Har 15      |41|28|30|1 t      |35|49|49 |         |  |    |  2 | 3|  |
+  |Hor 9       |44|24|44|         |S |M |29 |         |  |    |  2 |  |  |
+  |How 8       |37|27|30|3 t      |40|46|51 |         |  |    |  1 | 4|  |
+  |Kro 3       |34|42|29|         |38|28|46 |         |  |    |    | 1|  |
+  |Tea A       |  |  |49|         |  |  |27 |         |  |  1 |  3 |  | 1|
+  |            +--+--+--+         +--+--+---+         +--+----+----+--+--+
+  | Totals     |  |  |  |         |  |  |   |         |  |  5 | 17 |14| 4|
+  | Percentages|  |  |  |         |  |  |   |         |  |    |    |  |  |
+  | (4)        |  |  |  |         |  |  |   |         |  |12.5|42.5|35|10|
+  +------------+--+--+--+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+----+----+--+--+
+
+                        Offspring: A, 36.54 ± 0.59.
+                            S. D., 5.51 ± 0.42.
+
+Before passing to the description of the 13 families based on Eugenics
+Record Office data, reference may be made to a case described by Rose
+(1907). A slender man (II 1) of slender parents married a woman who
+weighed 200 pounds (“livres”) and over. Her father weighed 270 pounds
+and her mother, while not obese, has a goiter. From the primary slender
+× very fleshy mating were derived 4 children (fig. 37, III 1 to 5). The
+first is fleshy; the third slender. The second, a girl, at 16 weighed
+150 pounds, but after chlorosis became slenderer. This girl married a
+man apparently of medium build, and they had 4 children, of whom 3 died
+of meningitis and the other is an obese infant, weighing 36 pounds at 15
+months. The fourth and last of the main fraternity is a girl who, at 15
+years, is 145 cm. tall and weighs 75 kg. This gives her an index of build
+of 3.6 (51), very fleshy. She was very fleshy at 4 years, and has a big
+appetite. The fat is accumulated on abdomen, breasts, and appendages,
+except hands and feet. The extreme obesity came on at puberty and
+menstruation has never been regular. Epiphyses of radius and metacarpals
+of fingers are fused to their diaphyses. These facts indicate an obesity
+of both the dystrophic adiposo-genitalis type and the hypothyroid type.
+The progeny are thus 1 S, 1 M, 1 F, and 1 VF.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 37.—Pedigree chart of Rose’s case.]
+
+
+ARN-5 FAMILY.
+
+This is a family of the north central States, of English stock. The
+Father, an engineer, had pneumonia in youth and an attack of gravel
+at 45; his formula at 60 years is 193/66 inches; build 3.1 (44). His
+9 brothers are all one-eighth to 3 inches below average stature. His
+father, who suffered five attacks of inflammatory rheumatism, died at
+59 years of enlargement of the heart; formula, 135/65.5 inches; build
+2.2 (31). His mother, who had typhoid at 25 years and catarrh of stomach
+at 55, has (at 70 years) the formula 186/62.4 inches; build 3.3 (48).
+Thus the Father, like his mother, is very fleshy; but there is a slender
+strain in the family.
+
+The Mother, who died of tuberculosis of the lungs at 46 years after
+having had 5 children, had the formula 95/61 inches; build 1.8 (25.5).
+One of her 4 sibs died of “hardening of lungs.” Her father, who after
+attacks of pneumonia died at 67 of tuberculosis, had the formula 140/65
+inches; build 2.3 (33). Her mother, who had active tuberculosis at 43
+years, with recovery, has at 73 years the formula 105/65 inches; build
+1.7 (25). Thus Mother and Mother’s mother are very slender (associated
+with tuberculosis); and there is no fleshiness in the record. There are 2
+grown children:
+
+1. Female, who has always been well, has at 24 years the formula 124/61
+inches; build 2.4 (33); adjusted to 55 years, 140/61 inches; build 2.6
+(38).
+
+2. Male, who has always been well, has at 22 years the formula 133/67.5
+inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 149/68 inches; build 2.3
+(32.3).
+
+_Comment._—Thus the progeny of these parents of opposite build are
+intermediate; in the adjusted build inclining toward fleshiness (R:
+Arn-5).
+
+
+BAN-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Dutch extraction living in northern New York. The Father,
+a farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever; in middle age from tic
+douloureux. He died at 54 years from heart failure, “blood became thin
+and watery”; formula, 225/68 inches; build 3.4 (49). One of his sisters
+died at 40 years from tuberculosis of lungs. One of his brothers died at
+29 years from “consumption of bowels.” His father, a farmer, suffered
+in middle age from inflammatory rheumatism, and died at 74 years from
+apoplexy. At 60 years his formula was 210/71 inches; build 2.9 (42).
+His mother died at 68 years from heart failure, having at 60 years the
+formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31). Thus we have a very fleshy parent
+with tuberculous sibs and a fleshy father.
+
+The Mother, who in middle age suffered from dyspepsia, “after menopause
+very gradually lost her mind, becoming imbecile and helpless till death,
+at 66 years,” having the formula 96/S inches; build 26±. Five of her
+sibs were corpulent. One brother, “small and light framed,” died at 27
+years from tuberculosis. Their father was of medium build. Their mother,
+who in middle age suffered from paralysis, died at 73 years from cancer
+of breast; at 60 years was corpulent. The slender mother is from fleshy
+stock. The 2 children:
+
+1. Male, head of a factory, has at 50 years the formula 180/68 inches;
+build 2.7 (39).
+
+2. Male, a teacher, has at 45 years the formula 185/69 inches; build 2.7
+(39).
+
+_Comment._—Both offspring at middle age are intermediate in build between
+the two parents, but somewhat closer to the very fleshy one (R: Ban-2).
+
+
+BEN-8 FAMILY.
+
+A northern family, of which the 4 children were born in Michigan, of
+mixed English, Scotch, and other stock.
+
+The Father, a farmer, who enjoys good health, has at 40 years the formula
+135/69 inches; build 2.0 (28). Both his sibs are above the average in
+stature. His father, a farmer, who died from over-exertion in the sun at
+48 years, had the formula 190/71 inches; build 2.7 (38). His mother died
+of “heart trouble” at 71 years; formula 100/62 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+Thus, the slender parent has one fleshy parent in turn.
+
+The Mother, who has “heart trouble,” has at 40 years the formula 195/66
+inches; build 3.1 (45). Her 3 sibs are all tall. The Mother’s father, a
+mill-man, died at 61 years of Bright’s disease, having the formula 205/73
+inches; build 2.7 (39). The Mother’s mother, who is well, had at 56 years
+the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3 (32). This side of the house is
+prevailingly fleshy. The 2 grown children are:
+
+1. Male, has, at 21 years, the formula 185/71 inches; build 2.6 (36);
+adjusted to 40 years, 202/71 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+2. Female, at 19 years, has the formula 130/67 inches; build 2.9 (29);
+adjusted to 40 years, 145/67 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+_Comment._—One child is fleshy like the Mother (adjusted build); the
+other is of medium build; both are between the parental extremes.
+
+
+BON-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from New Hampshire. The Father, at 55 years, had the formula
+250/70 inches; build 3.6 (51). His brother, at 55 years, had the formula
+160/63 inches; build 2.8 (40). Their father, at 61 years, had the formula
+200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+The Mother, at 55 years, had the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+Of her 4 sibs: (1) Brother, at 50 years, 150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+(2) Sister, at 55 years, 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). (3) Sister, at
+58 years, 119/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). (4) Sister, at 60 years, 130/68
+inches; build 2.0 (28). Their father, at 85 years, 180/71.5 inches; build
+2.5 (35).
+
+The one child, male, at 40 years, 220/71 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+
+_Comment._—The progeny of these two parents, one of prevailingly fleshy
+stock, the other of slender stock, is a very fleshy child, but less
+extreme than his parent, who is 15 years older (S:Bon-A).
+
+
+BUN FAMILY. (Fig. 38.)
+
+A Long Island family of English stock. The Father, at maturity, had
+the formula 280/70 inches; build 4.0 (57); very fleshy. His father was
+fleshy; his mother slender. The Mother, at maturity, had the formula
+125/69 inches; build 1.8 (26); slender. She belongs to a slender family.
+
+The four offspring are all mature, 40 to 50 years: (1) female, 110/65.5
+inches; build 1.8 (25.5); very slender; (2) female, 140/66 inches; build
+2.3 (32); medium; (3) male, 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33); medium; (4)
+male, 198/67 inches; build, at 45 years, 3.1 (44); very fleshy (at 30
+years his build was 2.3 (33) or medium). This very fleshy man has by a
+wife of medium build (but 3 of whose 9 sibs are fleshy) 2 daughters; one,
+at 18 years, is 121/62.5 inches; build 2.1 (31); medium; the other at 12
+years, is 145/62 inches; build 2.7 (38); fleshy; far above normal build
+for her age.
+
+_Comment._—The principal mating has produced a variable progeny, but the
+tendency to obesity is traceable through three generations.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 38.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+BUN family.]
+
+
+CLE-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction living in Ohio. The Father, a farmer,
+who has for years been subject to stomach trouble, has at 62 years the
+formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30). He has a fleshy brother. His
+father, a farmer, died at 86 years from “probable cancer of ear,” having
+the formula 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34). His mother died at 80 years of
+indigestion; formula, 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). This is a family of
+slender to medium build.
+
+The Mother, who in youth was liable to asthma and throat trouble and in
+middle age to rheumatism, underwent an operation at 48 years for cancer
+of breast. At 25 or 30 years she began to grow fleshy; at 56 years she
+has the formula 200/61 inches; build 3.8 (54). She has 3 fleshy sibs.
+Her father, a farmer, died at 69 years of “enlargement (probably cancer)
+of liver”; formula, 130/69 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her mother, who had
+12 children, and who underwent two operations for cancer on nose, died
+at 83 years of indigestion; formula, 130/64 inches; build 2.2 (32). The
+very fleshy Mother’s fraternity is apparently derived from slender-medium
+parents. But one of these had probably lost weight before her death at 83
+years. The 4 grown children:
+
+1. Female, who has suffered from asthma, stomach trouble, gallstones,
+diphtheria, and appendicitis, has at 36 years the formula 120/63 inches;
+build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 130/63 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+2. Male, a farmer, has at 35 years the formula 140/70 inches; build 2.0
+(29); adjusted to 55 years, 148/70 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+3. Male, a farmer, subject in youth to indigestion and catarrh of throat
+and nose. At 25 years he has the formula 165/68 inches; build 2.5 (36);
+adjusted to 55 years, 179/68 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+4. Male, a teacher, who has suffered from diphtheria and colds, has at 23
+years the formula 125/63 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years,
+139/63 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+_Comment._—The offspring are still young, and we do not know just how
+they will develop. One is fleshy (but far less so than his Mother); 2 are
+intermediate, and 1, at 35 years, is even slender (R: Cle-5).
+
+
+COO FAMILY. (Fig. 39.)
+
+This is a New York State family upon which I personally made
+observations. A slender-medium man (II 5); build about 2.0 (29), who has
+2 fleshy and 2 slender sibs, married a very fleshy woman, build 3.4 (49),
+whose 2 sibs are also fleshy, 3.4 (48) and 2.8 (40) respectively. Her
+mother was also about 3.4 (49). There were two daughters. One has now
+at 42 years a build of 3.4 (48); her sister a build of 2.4 (34) with a
+tendency to increase. The fleshy sister married a man of slender build,
+whose 3 sibs are of slender to medium build. There are 5 children, all
+under 16 except one boy who, at 20 years, has a build of 2.3 (32). He is
+73 inches (183 cm.) tall. All of the other children are of about medium
+build.
+
+_Comment._—The very fleshy (but heterozygous) Mother mated with a slender
+man has children, all of whom are apparently of medium build (73:656).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 39.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the COO family.]
+
+
+FEN-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English, Austrian, and Swiss extraction, grandparents and
+children living in New York State and California. The Father, a merchant,
+died at 81 years from ulcer of the stomach. At 50 years he had the
+formula 210/69.5 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+
+The Mother, who has 5 children, has always been well. She is living at 77
+years, having at 50 years the formula 102/61.5 inches; build 1.8 (27).
+One of her sisters died at 79 years from “rheumatism of heart.” The 5
+children are:
+
+1. Male, a manufacturer, who suffered in youth from typhoid fever. He has
+at 50 years the formula 180/68.5 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+2. Male, a merchant, has at 40 years the formula 140/66 inches; build 2.3
+(32); adjusted to 50 years, 143/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Female, always well, married, has at 40 years the formula 120/66.5
+inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted to 50 years, 126/66.5 inches; build 2.0
+(29).
+
+4. Male, a broker, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever, at 47 years,
+147/69.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+5. Male, who suffered from hemorrhage of lungs while at college, caused
+by “excessive running,” died at 31 years from tuberculosis, at 28 years
+having the formula 158/74 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 50 years,
+173/74 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+_Comment._—The children are intermediate in build between the parents.
+Only 1 out of 5 is even fleshy.
+
+
+HAR-15 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English (and Welsh) extraction; grandparents living in the
+northern United States.
+
+The Father, a twin, who was in the Civil War and has since suffered
+from a tendency toward tuberculosis but was living at 71 years, has the
+formula 150/70.5 inches; build 2.1 (30). One of his sisters died of
+tuberculosis at 30 years, and one of pneumonia at 77 years. His father,
+who was a farmer and “never sick,” died of pneumonia at 47 years, and had
+the approximate formula 180/66.5 inches; build 2.9 (41). His mother, who
+died at 48 years of “abscess on the back” after years of ailing, was of
+slender build, say, 2.0 (28). Thus, probably on account of the tubercular
+tendency, the Father’s build is slender like his mother.
+
+The Mother, who had 11 children, had a tendency toward tuberculosis
+in youth, but in middle life suffered from “obesity, rheumatism, and
+varicose veins,” was genial and a ready and humorous talker; at 61
+years her formula 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49). Her father, who was
+a traveling salesman and seldom ill except for “tobacco heart,” died
+of paralysis at 77 years; his formula, 170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+Her mother, who had pneumonia in middle life and suffered much from
+“delicate lungs,” died of a pulmonary abscess at 37 years; her formula,
+194/63 inches; build 3.5 (49). Thus the Mother’s build is just like her
+mother’s. Of the 5 children who grew up:
+
+1. Female, a teacher, who has suffered from bronchitis, tuberculosis, and
+rheumatism, at 34 years has the formula 162/66 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+adjusted to 50 years, 173/66 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+2. Male, a mechanical engineer, always well, at 30 years has the formula
+170/68.5 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 50 years, 181/68.5 inches;
+build 2.7 (39).
+
+3. Female, married and always well, at 26 years has the formula 135/64
+inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 50 years, 151/64 inches; build 2.6
+(36.9).
+
+4. Male, a millwright, who suffers from valvular heart trouble, at 26
+years has the formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50
+years, 150/67 inches; build 33.
+
+5. Male, an optometrist, always well, has at 23 years the formula
+150/69.8 inches; build 2.2 (30.6); adjusted to 50 years, 169/70 inches;
+build 2.1 (34).
+
+_Comment._—Thus 3 of the children are intermediate in build between the
+parents and 2 are fleshy. The build of the children inclines slightly
+toward the fleshier side of the house; but variability between indices 40
+and 33 is marked (R: Har-15).
+
+
+HOR-9 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Dutch and English extraction, living in Pennsylvania and New
+York State. The Father, who is a manufacturer, always well, has at 53
+years the formula 218/70.5 inches; build 3.1 (44). His father, who is a
+manufacturer, and suffered in middle age from malaria and measles, is
+living, at 75 years having the formula 215/70 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+His mother, who has 5 children, always well, has at 70 years the formula
+83/S; build, say, 1.7 (24).
+
+The Mother, who has 2 children and who in middle age suffered from
+pneumonia, has at 52 years the formula 124/66 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her
+father, who was a cabinet-maker, always well, till at 41 years he died
+from chronic diarrhea, was a slender man. Her mother, who had 5 children,
+was always well; she died, at 24 years, of child-birth; she was of medium
+build. Two grown children:
+
+1. Female, who in youth suffered from measles (4 times), diphtheria, and
+pneumonia, and has undergone operations for hernia, tubercular glands,
+and appendicitis, has at 23 years the formula 116/66.5 inches; build 1.9
+(26); adjusted to 53 years, 135/66.5 inches; build 2.1 (31).
+
+2. Female, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever and influenza, has at
+20 years the formula 119/62 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 53 years,
+138/62 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+_Comment._—The children, who are quite young, are of a build intermediate
+between (or less than) that of parents, though a tendency to obesity is
+found in Father and grandfather (R: Hor-9).
+
+
+HOW-8 FAMILY.
+
+A Vermont family of English origin. The Father, an author, was supposed
+to have had active tuberculosis in youth. He is living, at 83 years, with
+the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30). All 3 of his sibs died of
+pulmonary tuberculosis. His father, a farmer, died at 79 years, having
+the formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His mother died at 81 years,
+formula, 100/61 inches; build 1.9 (27). This is a prevailingly slender
+family with tubercular tendency.
+
+The Mother, who has suffered from enlarged tonsils and inflammatory
+rheumatism, has, at 70 years, the formula 220/66 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+One of her brothers has a powerful physique. The Mother’s father, a
+legislator, died at 75 years; formula, 200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+The Mother’s mother, who died at 70 years of Bright’s disease, had the
+formula 200/66 inches; build 3.2 (46). This family is characterized by
+fleshiness. The 5 children are all sons:
+
+1. A writer, at 48, has the formula 150/65.5 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+2. A farmer, with an organic defect of the heart, has, at 47, the formula
+170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+3. A farmer, with chronic Bright’s disease, has the formula 180/70
+inches; build 2.6 (37), at the age of 44.
+
+4. A teacher, troubled with rheumatism, has, at 41 years, the formula
+185/68 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 55 years, 190/68 inches; build
+2.9 (41).
+
+5. Twin to (4), a forester, has, at 41 years, the formula 180/68.5
+inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55 years, 185/68.5 inches; build 2.8
+(39).
+
+_Comment._—Thus the children are intermediate in build between parents.
+Tuberculosis is absent. Conditions that induced fleshiness on the
+mother’s side are reduced in the offspring of the slender and fleshy
+mating (R: How-8).
+
+
+KRO-3 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Russian and Austrian extraction, living in New York City. The
+Father, who is a tailor, nervous, has, at 45 years, the formula 125/66
+inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was a tailor, always well, died
+at 85 years from pneumonia. Formula, 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). His
+mother, who had 5 children, always well, died at 56 years from pneumonia.
+Formula, 140/58; build 2.9 (42).
+
+The Mother, who has 3 children, has at 44 years the formula 172/61
+inches; build 3.2 (46). Her father, who was a tailor, is living at 81
+years. Formula, 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her mother, who had 6
+children, died at 58 years from pneumonia. Formula, 101/60 inches; build
+2.0 (28).
+
+The only grown child, a male, who in youth suffered from diphtheria,
+scarlet fever, and pneumonia, has at 19 years the formula 203/72 inches;
+build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 45 years, 228/74 inches; build 2.8 (42).
+
+_Comment._—The child is young and the possibilities of build in his case
+can not be foreseen, but he is already stout and may be expected to
+approach his fleshy Mother in build (R: Kro-3).
+
+
+TEA-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from New York State. The Father, at 70 years, had the formula
+225/68 inches; build 3.4 (49).
+
+The Mother, at 50 years, had the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+The 5 children are:
+
+1. Male, at 58 years, has the formula 225/70 inches; build 3.2 (46).
+
+2. Male, at 40 years, 140/69 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55
+years, 145/69 inches; build 2.1 (31).
+
+3. Male, at 68 years, 130/68 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+4. Female, at 60 years, 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+5. Female, at 62 years, 140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+_Comment._—There are 2 slender children, 2 medium, and 1 very fleshy,
+suggesting a sire who is heterozygous for build (S:Tea-A).
+
+
+SUMMARY.
+
+Combining the progeny of the 4 matings of the F₁ generation, we get the
+results shown in table 30. The mean of this series is 37.82 ± 0.31;
+the standard deviation is 5.07 ± 0.22. It will be observed that the
+proportions of the totals agree closely with those of mating 1 and give a
+somewhat closer agreement, with the expectation of 8:42:42:8, than mating
+1 does.
+
+The standard deviation of 5.07 ± 0.22 is greater than that of the progeny
+of slender × slender parents (3.17 ± 0.17), but not so great as that of
+very fleshy × fleshy parents of fleshy stock (table 24) which is 5.74
+± 0.39. It is much less than the standard deviation of the F₂ progeny
+(table 31), which is 6.78 ± 0.26. This is in accordance with the usual
+genetical finding, that the F₁ generation is less variable than the F₂
+generation. In this respect, as in so many others, the distribution
+of progeny is exactly that found in experimentally determined
+multiple-factor characters. The heredity of build follows closely the
+Mendelian formulæ.
+
+It is noteworthy that the F₁ generation has an average build that is
+above the mean of the population; the progeny of F × S matings are not
+strictly intermediate, but incline toward fleshiness. This indicates
+again the presence of dominant fleshy factors.
+
+
+TABLE 30. _Matings of a slender parent and one of fleshy stock, together
+with their progeny._
+
+  +---+------------------------------------+--------------------+
+  |   |                                    |Grades of offspring.|
+  |No.|        Nature of mating.           +---+---+---+---+----+
+  |   |                                    |VS | S | M | F | VF |
+  +---+------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+----+
+  | 1 |One parent S, of S stock; the other |   |   |   |   |    |
+  |   |  F, of F stock                     |   | 4 | 18| 35| 7  |
+  | 2 |Other slender × fleshy matings      |   | 2 |  7| 15| 2  |
+  | 3 |One parent VS; the other VF         |   |   |  1|  1|    |
+  | 4 |One parent S; the other VF          |   | 5 | 17| 14| 4  |
+  |   |                                    +---+---+---+---+----+
+  |   |       Total                        |   | 9 | 43| 65| 13 |
+  |   |       Proportion                   |   | 7 | 33| 50| 10 |
+  +---+------------------------------------+---+---+---+---+----+
+
+If one superimposes in the same drawing the distribution polygons of
+the parental and F₂ generations tables 23, 24, 25 and 30 (fig. 40), the
+modes of the fleshy parents and the F₁ generation stand at fleshy, though
+the mean of the F₁ generation is intermediate between the means of the
+parental stocks.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 40.—Three superimposed polygons showing distribution,
+in the various classes of build, of the progeny of the following matings:
+
+  Slender × slender (S × S)       Table 23
+  Very fleshy × fleshy (F × F)    Table 24
+  Fleshy × slender (F × S)        Table 27]
+
+
+CLASS IV. MATING OF PROBABLY HETEROZYGOUS PARENTS (THE F₂ GENERATION).
+
+We have next to consider the distribution of build in the progeny of
+parents both of whom are certainly or probably heterozygous and, as such,
+probably carry gametes for slenderness, as well as fleshiness. This is
+the mating in which the geneticist finds evidence for segregation, in
+that the parental types reappear nearly or quite as they went into the
+combination. At any rate, this generation is characterized by a greater
+variability than the F₁ generation. However, this greater variability
+is the less marked the greater the number of factors involved in the
+prevailing dominant trait—in this case fleshiness.
+
+Two classes of matings will be considered—that of parents, whether medium
+or fleshy, who probably carry gametes for slenderness, and that of other
+parents who are both of medium build.
+
+
+Mating 1. BOTH PARENTS EITHER MEDIUM OR FLESHY AND PROBABLY CARRYING
+GAMETES FOR SLENDERNESS AS WELL AS FLESHINESS.
+
+This mating includes certain parents selected, usually on the ground of
+dissimilar grandparents on each side, as those which are probably of the
+F₁ generation. The families used are summarized in table 31, which is
+made up of the appropriate families taken from tables X, XI, and XIII.
+
+The range of variation of the F₂ generation includes both the slender and
+the fleshy types which are found in the grandparents. The distribution
+of the progeny is more in accord with the hypothesis of the 6-zygotic
+factors than that of 4-zygotic factors.
+
+The mean variability as measured by the standard deviation is 6.78
+± 0.26, as contrasted with that of 5.02 ± 0.30 of table 27 (the F₁
+generation). The difference is 1.76, which is more than four times the
+probable difference between the means. Thus, the variability of the F₂
+generation is nearly a third greater than of the F₁ generation. That
+the difference is not greater is, of course, due in large part to the
+presence of multiple factors.
+
+The family histories upon which table 31 depends are given below.
+
+
+BEA-17 FAMILY. (Fig. 41.)
+
+A family reared in the Central States. Father (II 5) a contractor and
+farmer, who died of pneumonia at 70 years, had the formula 170/71; build
+2.4 (34); medium. Three brothers who were killed in the Civil War at 17,
+19, and 21 years respectively had the formulæ 183/72; build 2.5 (35);
+169/69, build 2.5 (36); 174/69, build 2.6 (37); all about medium. A
+sister, who died at 68 years, was 138/65; build 2.3 (33); medium. The
+Father’s father was a preacher; died at 79 years, had build 185/68; 2.8
+(40); fleshy. His wife, who died at 81 years, had build 145/62; 2.7 (38);
+fleshy. This side of the house comprises medium-build children of fleshy
+parents.
+
+The Mother (II 6), of quiet disposition, at 60 years has the build
+145/66; 2.3 (33); medium. A brother, who is a machinist, at 33 has the
+formula 154/69; build 2.3 (33). Another brother, carpenter, at 30 years,
+has the formula 145/70; build 2.1 (30); medium. A sister has the formula
+136/65; build 2.2 (32); medium. The eldest brother, a farmer, at 55 years
+has the formula 160/70; build 2.3 (33); medium. The Mother’s father, a
+farmer, died of cerebral hemorrhage at 81 years; 170/72; build 2.3 (33);
+medium. He had a brother, still living at 80 years, with a build 185/71;
+build 2.6 (37); fleshy. The Mother’s mother, living at 81 years, has the
+formula 140/64; build 2.4 (34); medium. Thus this side of the house is
+prevailingly of medium build. There are 4 children:
+
+III 1 ♂, a farmer, at 35 years, has the formula 140/69; build 2.1 (29);
+slender; adjusted to 50 years, 2.14 (30). III 2 ♂, a teacher, at 30
+years, 180/69; build 2.7 (38); fleshy; adjusted to 50 years, 2.8 (40).
+III 3 ♂, a farmer, at 31 years, 175/68; build 2.7 (38); fleshy; adjusted
+to 50 years, 2.8 (40). III 4 ♀, married, at 27 years, 150/63; build 2.7
+(38); fleshy; adjusted to 50 years, 2.9 (42).
+
+_Comment._—A mating of prevailingly medium stock with a medium parent
+from fleshy ancestors yields one slender and 3 fleshy children (R:
+Bea-17).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 41.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+BEA-17 family.]
+
+
+TABLE 31.—_Matings of two heterozygous parents of either medium or fleshy
+build, together with the progeny, the F₂ generation._
+
+  +-----------+--+--+--+---------+-----+----+--+--------+----------------+
+  |           |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |   Offspring.   |
+  |           |FF|FM|F | Father’s| MF  | MM |M |Mother’s+--+--+--+----+--+
+  |           |  |  |  |  sibs.  |     |    |  |  sibs. |VS|S |M | F  |VF|
+  +-----------+--+--+--+---------+-----+----+--+--------+--+--+--+----+--+
+  |Group X,   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |  M × M:   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |Bea 17     |40|37|34|4 range  |32[7]| 34 |33|4 range |  | 1|  |3[8]|  |
+  |           |  |  |  | betw. 33|     |    |  | 30 to  |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |           |  |  |  | and 37. |     |    |  | 33.    |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |Cas 4      |39|29|34|         |43   | 27 |34|        |  |  | 3| 3  |  |
+  |Smi        |S |F |35|7M 1F    |M    |M[9]|33|1S 1M   |  |  |  | 1  |  |
+  |War 3      |33|S |33|         |41   | 26 |31|        |  | 3| 7|    |  |
+  |Whi 22     |41|27|32|         |31   | 44 |36|        |  |  | 2|    |  |
+  |           +--+--+--+---------+-----+----+--+--------+--+--+--+----+--+
+  |   Total   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  | 4|12| 7  |  |
+  |           |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        +==+==+==+====+==+
+  |Group XI,  |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |   F × M:  |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |Cri 1      |37|26|34|         |45   | 34 |39|        |  |  | 2|    |  |
+  |Hor 5      |M |F |31|         |M    | F  |42|        |  |  | 6| 2  |  |
+  |McF 2      |28|  |39|         |35   | 27 |32|        |  | 1| 2| 1  |  |
+  |Mil 23     |30|37|38|         |40   | 26 |33|        |  |  | 1| 1  |  |
+  |Ofi 1      |S |VF|33|6F 1VF   |     |    |42|2M 3F   |  | 2|  |    | 1|
+  |           |  |  |  |         |     |    |  | 2VF    |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |Pot 4      |35|28|33|         |29   | 43 |39|        |  |  | 1| 2  |  |
+  |Sta 7      |35|29|34|         |37   | 44 |43|        |  | 1| 2| 3  |  |
+  |Tra 4      |39|23|39|         |37   | 30 |32|        |  |  | 2| 3  |  |
+  |           +--+--+--+---------+-----+----+--+--------+--+--+--+----+--+
+  |   Total   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  | 4|16|12  | 1|
+  |           |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        +==+==+==+====+==+
+  |Group XIII,|  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |   F × F:  |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |Ber        |  |  |50|2S       |     |    |39|1S 1VF  |  |  | 2| 2  | 3|
+  |Hod A      |  |  |43|1M 2F 1V |     | 37 |38|        |  | 2| 1| 3  | 4|
+  |           |  |  |  |  F      |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |Mor        |S |F |VF|         |F    | F  |39|All F1  | 1| 1|  | 2  | 2|
+  |           +--+--+--+---------+-----+----+--+--------+--+--+--+----+--+
+  |   Total   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        | 1| 3| 3| 7  |9 |
+  |           |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |   Grand   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        |  |  |  |    |  |
+  |   total   |  |  |  |         |     |    |  |        | 1|11|31|26  |10|
+  +-----------+--+--+--+---------+-----+----+--+--------+--+--+--+----+--+
+
+                             A, 36.58 ± 0.51.
+                            S. D., 6.78 ± 0.26.
+
+[7] MFB has an index of 37.
+
+[8] All of grade 38.
+
+[9] Her father fleshy, mother slender.
+
+
+CAS-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English stock, living in New York State. The Father, a farmer
+and lumberman, had at 60 years the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+His father, also a farmer and lumberman, who died of old age at 71 years,
+had at 38 years the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). His mother,
+who suffered in middle age from consumption, died at 34 years with the
+formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+The Mother, who died at 57 years from catarrh of the stomach, had at 40
+years the formula 130/62 inches; build 2.4 (34). Her father, an iron
+worker, who died at 75 years from fatty degeneration of heart, had the
+formula 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43). Her mother, who died at 77 years,
+had the formula 100/61 inches; build 1.9 (27). The children:
+
+1. Female, who suffered in middle life from rheumatism, had at 40 years
+the formula 140/63 inches; build 2.5 (35); adjusted to 50 years, 146/63
+inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+2. Female, had at 38 years the formula 120/63 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 50 years 128/63 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+3. Male, had at 35 years the formula 180/65.5 inches; build 3.0 (42);
+adjusted to 50 years, 186/65.5 inches; build 3.0 (43).
+
+4. Female, who suffered in youth from stomach trouble, had at 32 years
+the formula 135/66 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years; 147/66
+inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+5. Male, who suffered in youth from stomach and bladder trouble, had at
+29 years the formula 190/70.5 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 50
+years, 202/70.5 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+6. Male, had at 27 years the formula 155/70.5 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 50 years, 169/70.5 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+_Comment._—The 6 children vary greatly in index of build. The index
+varies from 30 to 42, despite the similar build of the parents. But the
+grandparents vary from 27 to 43. This case suggests the uniformity of F₁
+and variability of F₂ (R: Cas-4).
+
+
+SMI FAMILY.
+
+The Father, of Scandinavian name and living in New York City, at 50 years
+has a stature of 171 cm. (67 inches); weight 70 kg. (154 pounds); build
+2.4 (34.5); medium. His father is said to have been slender, his mother
+fleshy; his sibs intermediate; one fleshy after 48 years. The Mother, at
+41 years, has a stature 162 cm. (64 inches); weight 61 kg. (136 pounds);
+build 2.3 (33); medium; relative chest-girth 76/162, or 47 per cent. She
+has a slender brother and one who is of more medium build. Their parents
+were of medium build; their mother’s father was fleshy (build 2.7 or 39);
+their mother’s mother was “slender.”
+
+There is only one child of above mating. She was a full-term baby, who
+weighed 3.8 kg. (8.5 pounds), somewhat above the average. She was always
+plump as a child and, until 11 years of age, always well. Then she had
+“disease of the tonsils” and of the kidneys (infection), grew thin
+(weighing only 40 kg. [90 pounds]), and developed a chorea. After a year
+she recovered and began to gain steadily in weight, and now at the age of
+13.7 years she is 170 cm. (67 inches) tall, weighs 79 kg. (174 pounds)
+and has a build of 2.7 (39); is fleshy. Relative chest-girth 102/170, or
+60 per cent. Her arms and calves are relatively slender, as they have
+recently been engaged in linear growth. She has monthly headaches. (Plate
+9, fig. 5.)
+
+_Comment._—It seems probable that this girl has received factors for
+fleshiness from each medium parent, which have combined to give her a
+full set of fleshy factors (73:736).
+
+
+WAR-3 FAMILY.
+
+A family descended from English and German stock, living in Pennsylvania
+principally.
+
+The Father, a nurseryman, had malarial fever at 40. He is now living at
+67 years, with a formula 135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33). His father, a
+nurseryman and horticulturist, died at 89 from a fall. His formula was
+140/S; build, say, 2.3 (33). His mother, having had 5 sons, died at 42
+from consumption; she was slender.
+
+The Mother died, at 40, of child-birth. Her formula was 122/62 inches;
+build 2.2 (31). Her father, a miller, had a temporary attack of
+melancholia in middle age. He died at 75 from natural infirmities. His
+formula was 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41). Her mother, having had 5 sons
+and 8 daughters, died of paralysis at 74. Her formula was 100/62 inches;
+build 1.8 (26). Ten children are:
+
+1. Male, at 43, has the formula 125/65.5 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted
+to 55 years, 128/65.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+2. Male, at 41, has the formula 138/68 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted
+to 55 years, 143/68 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Female, at 39, has the formula 120/63.5 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55 years, 126.5/63.5 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+4. Male, at 36, has the formula 158/72 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted
+to 55 years, 165/72 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+5. Male, at 33, has the formula 127/67 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted
+to 55 years, 136/67 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+6. Female, at 31, has the formula 110/64.5 inches; build 1.8 (26);
+adjusted to 55 years, 122.5/64.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+7. Male, at 29, has the formula 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted
+to 55 years, 134/64 inches; build 2.3+ (33).
+
+8. Female, at 27, has the formula 110/62.5 inches; build 2.0 (28);
+adjusted to 55 years, 126/62.5 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+9. Male, at 25 years, has the formula 138/68.5 inches; build 2.0 (29);
+adjusted to 55 years, 152.5/68.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+10. Female, at 23 years, has the formula 132/65 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 55 years, 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+_Comment._—Unadjusted, the indices range from 26 to 31; adjusted from
+30 to 36. Using adjusted indices, 4 of the children are slenderer than
+either parent; the parents are doubtless heterozygous in stature (R:
+War-3).
+
+
+WHI-22 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and German extraction, living partly in New York, but
+mostly in Wisconsin and Minnesota.
+
+The Father, who is a constructor, is living at 56 years, having the
+formula 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32). His father, who was a farmer and
+laborer, suffered in middle age from partial paralysis, had one hand
+amputated at 48 years, one foot at 72 years. He died at 79 years from
+“stricture of the bladder,” having the formula 200/70 inches; build 2.9
+(41). His mother, who is recorded to have suffered from no illness till
+at 79 years she died from “progressive paralysis,” had the formula 110/64
+inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+The Mother, who is recorded as always well, has at 54 years the formula
+150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36). Her father, who was a farmer, is recorded
+as always well, died at 55 years from paralysis, having the formula
+150/70 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who was always well, died at
+78 years from old age, having the formula 180/64 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+Two grown children:
+
+1. Male, who in youth suffered from adenoids, at 25 years has the formula
+145/68 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 159/68 inches; build
+2.4 (34).
+
+2. Female, a college student, has at 21 years the formula 110/65 inches;
+build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 55 years, 129/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+_Comment._—One of the children has a slighter build than the parents, but
+may grow heavier (R: Whi-22).
+
+
+CRI FAMILY. (Table XI).
+
+A family of English extraction; earlier generations in Pennsylvania, the
+last generation in Kansas. The Father, a lawyer, living at 48 years,
+suffered in youth from pneumonia, in middle age from rheumatism, has the
+formula 165/70 inches; build 2.4 (34). His father, a farmer, suffered
+in middle age from rheumatism; at 75 years had one leg amputated below
+the knee; died from “arterio-sclerosis ending in gangrene,” having the
+formula at 74 years, 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His mother, who
+suffered from no illnesses, is living at 76 years, having the formula
+110/65 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+The Mother, who is subject to heart trouble and small goiter, is living
+at 43 years, having the formula 145/61 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her 4
+brothers are of medium height. Her father, a farmer and public official,
+died from paralysis at 57 years, his formula being 190/65 inches; build
+3.2 (45). Her mother, who in middle age suffered from heart trouble and
+goiter, died at 65 years from heart failure, having the formula 150/66
+inches; build 2.4 (34). The 2 grown children:
+
+2. Female, at 21 years has the formula 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 45 years, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+1. Female, died at 18 years from typhoid fever, having the formula 120/63
+inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 45 years, 139/65 inches; build 2.3
+(33).
+
+_Comment._—Both the children have the build of the slighter parent (R:
+Cri-1).
+
+
+HOR-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in the Middle States. The Father,
+who is “superintendent of bridges and buildings on a railroad,” suffered
+in youth from bilious fever. He has, at 70 years, the formula 140/67.5
+inches; build 2.2 (31). One of his brothers died from “tuberculosis
+of liver.” His father, who was a lumberman, died at 77 years from
+“consumption of the bowels”; was of medium build. His mother died, at 78
+years, from Bright’s disease; she was corpulent.
+
+The Mother suffered in youth from bilious fever and pleurisy; is living,
+at 58 years. Formula, 165/63 inches; build 2.9 (42). Her father, who was
+a millwright, suffered in middle age from bilious fever and morphine
+poisoning; left eye removed; died at 75 years from “pneumonia (tubercular
+tendency)”; was of medium build. Her mother, who suffered in youth from
+typhoid fever, in middle age from paralysis, died at 68 years from
+paralysis; of fleshy build. Eight grown children:
+
+1. Male, an electrical engineer, has, at 33 years, the formula 155/67
+inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 55 years, 164/67 inches; build 2.6
+(37).
+
+2. Female, who in youth suffered from “spinal and nerve trouble,” has
+at 30 years the formula 115/63.8 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55
+years, 128/63.8 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Male, a civil engineer, suffered in youth from typho-malaria. Has
+at 27 years the formula 157/64 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55+
+years, 168/64 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+4. Female, who has at 25 years the formula 117/63 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 134/63 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+5. Male, an accountant, who in youth suffered from a “nervous collapse
+due to a severe electrical shock,” has at 23 years the formula 145/69
+inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 162/69 inches; build 2.4
+(34).
+
+6. Female, who in youth suffered from blood-poisoning, erysipelas, and
+anemia, has at 21 years the formula 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 133/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+7. Male, a pattern-maker, who in youth suffered from hemorrhages, has
+at 20 years the formula 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55+
+years, 150/69 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+8. Male, at 18 years has the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—The children’s indices range between the two parental indices
+(R: Hor-5).
+
+
+MCF-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Irish extraction living in Maine. The Father, who was a
+shipwright, died at 40 years as a result of an injury received in battle.
+At 39 years he had the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39). His father
+died at 82 years from a “general breakdown,” having the formula 145/72
+inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+The Mother, who had 5 children, died at 74 years from apoplexy, having
+the formula at 50 years, 130/64 inches; build 2.2 (32). Her father, who
+was a farmer, died at 64 years from “fever,” having the formula 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, who in middle age was “struck by
+lightning,” died at 86 years from a “general breakdown,” having the
+formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). The 4 children who grew up:
+
+1. Male, a farmer, who had right arm and three fingers of left hand
+amputated as result of a wound received in war, is living at 69 years,
+having at 50 years the formula 140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+2. Female, who in middle age underwent an operation for gallstones, has
+at 40 years the formula 110/63 inches; build 1.9 (28).
+
+3. Male, a “master mariner,” has at 50 years the formula 170/66 inches;
+build 2.7 (39).
+
+4. Male, an attorney, has at 40 years the formula 160/67 inches; build
+2.5 (36).
+
+_Comment._—Three of the children have indices like that of the medium
+parent; the other is somewhat fleshier (R: McF-2).
+
+
+MIL-23 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in New England and Ohio.
+
+The Father, who is a clergyman, and who suffered in middle age from la
+grippe, is living at 58 years. At 50 years he had the formula 180/68.5
+inches; build 2.7 (38). His father, who was a preacher, died at 72 years.
+At 50 years, formula 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother, who had
+4 children at 30 years, suffered from typhoid fever. At 50 years, her
+formula 165/66.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+The Mother, who has 2 children, suffered in middle age from pleurisy,
+capillary bronchitis, and nervous prostration. At 50 years her formula,
+122/60.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). Her father, who was a bank president,
+suffered in youth from yellow fever (in West Indies), and in middle age
+from rheumatism and Bright’s disease. At 50 years, his formula 180/67.5
+inches; build 2.7 (40). Her mother, who in youth suffered from “lung
+fever,” and in middle age from curvature of the spine and pleurisy,
+died at 50 years from “anemic condition with tuberculosis, induced by
+deformity.” At 40 years her formula 95/60 inches; build 1.9 (26). Two
+children:
+
+1. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from nervous troubles and
+diphtheria, has at 33 years the formula 115/60.5 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 50 years, 125/60.5 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+2. Male, who in youth suffered from throat troubles, diphtheria, scarlet
+fever, tonsillitis, during war had influenza, slightly gassed. He has
+at 27 years the formula 180/72.5 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 50
+years, 195/72.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+_Comment._—Each child resembles a different parent (R: Mil-23).
+
+
+OFI FAMILY, D. (Fig. 35.)
+
+II 14 ♂, a Syrian, at 45 years, stature 165 cm. (65 inches), weight
+63 kg. (139 pounds), build 2.3 (33), medium. He had 7 grown sibs,
+as follows: II 1 ♀, short and fleshy; II 3 ♀, fleshy but probably
+heterozygous; married to a slender man she has both fleshy and slender
+children; II 4 ♂, fleshy. II 7 ♂, fleshy. II 10 ♀, inclined to be
+fleshy but probably heterozygous, since she had both fleshy and slender
+children. II 12 ♀, fleshy, but has some slender as well as medium
+children. II 13 ♂, very fleshy. Of the foregoing fraternity the father
+was slender and the mother very fleshy. From the builds of his parents
+and the issue of his sibs we may conclude that II 14 carries factors for
+slenderness.
+
+II 15 ♀, the wife of II 14, at 38 years has a stature of 153 cm. (60
+inches); weight 69 kg. (151 pounds); build 2.9 (42); fleshy (and has been
+fleshier); her relative chest-girth is 61 per cent. She has had 7 sibs,
+as follows: II 16 ♂, very fleshy; II 17 ♀, at 50 years, stature 151 cm.
+(59 inches); weighs 56 kg. (124 pounds); build 2.5 (36); medium; relative
+chest-girth 63 per cent; II 18 ♀, “plump.” II 20 ♀, very fleshy and has 3
+slender children; II 21 ♀, “plump.” II 22 ♂, of medium build. II 23 ♀, at
+31 years, stature 150 cm. (59 inches); weight 69 kg. (151 pounds); build
+3.0 (43); fleshy; relative chest-girth 67 per cent.
+
+The father of the foregoing fraternity was slender and the mother fleshy.
+Hence it seems probable that some or all of the mother’s fraternity carry
+a gene for slenderness.
+
+The children of II 14 and 15 are 4 in number. III 14 ♀, at 16 years has
+stature of 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 44 kg. (97 pounds); build 1.9
+(27); slender; III 15 ♀, 15 years, stature 145 cm. (57 inches); weight 85
+kg. (187 pounds); build 4.0 (57); very fleshy; relative chest-girth, 78
+per cent; she began to grow fleshy at 5 years; is a very heavy eater; III
+16 ♀, 9 years, is slender, and III 17 was at 4 years a very fat baby, but
+is now a slender child.
+
+_Comment._—Slenderness and fleshiness occur in the same fraternity; the
+eventual proportions can not yet be stated, since two of the children are
+very young (73:697).
+
+
+POT-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of British extraction; living chiefly in Illinois.
+
+The Father, who is a farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever; is
+living at 52 years, having the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+His father, who was a farmer and in middle age subject to heart trouble,
+died at 57 years from heart failure. His formula 170/70 inches; build 2.4
+(35). His mother, who has always been well, is living at 77 years, having
+at 74 years the formula 105/61 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+The Mother, who has 5 children, has always been well. She is living at 48
+years, having the formula 165/65 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her father, who
+was a farmer, in middle age suffered from a nervous breakdown; he died at
+71 years of apoplexy, having the formula 150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+Her mother, who died at 67 years from erysipelas, had the formula 200/68
+inches; build 3.0 (43). Three grown children:
+
+1. Male, a chemist, always well, has at 24 years the formula 160/71
+inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 50 years, 177/71 inches; build 2.5
+(35).
+
+2. Male, farmer, always well, has at 22 years the formula 155/66.5
+inches; build 2.5 (35); adjusted to 50 years, 168/66.5 inches; build 2.7
+(38).
+
+3. Female, a student at college, always well, has at 18 years the formula
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 50 years, 156/64 inches; build
+2.7 (38).
+
+_Comment._—The children’s builds lie between those of the parents (R:
+Pot-4).
+
+
+STA-7 FAMILY.
+
+A family of German extraction, living in the Central States.
+
+The Father, who is a farmer, suffered in middle age from sciatic
+rheumatism; he is living at 69 years, having the formula 165/70 inches;
+build 2.4 (34). His father, who was a farmer, was always well; he died
+from apoplexy at 87 years, having the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4
+(35). His mother died from heart trouble at 69 years, having the formula
+130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+The Mother has always been well; she is living, at 59 years, having the
+formula 165/62 inches; build 3.0 (43). Her father, who was a carpenter
+and farmer, was always well; he died from “old age, hard work, and
+exposure” at 73 years, having the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her mother, who was always well, died from apoplexy at 72 years, having
+the formula 170/62 inches; build 3.1 (44). Six children:
+
+1. Male, who is a real-estate agent, always well, has at 34 years the
+formula 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 65 years, 174/70
+inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+2. Female, married, has always been well, has at 32 years the formula
+118/M; build, say, 2.1 (30).
+
+3. Female, a school teacher, suffered in youth from appendicitis, has at
+29 years the formula 124/S; build, say, 2.3 (33).
+
+4. Male, a teacher, in youth suffered from typhoid fever; has at 28 years
+the formula 162/69 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 65 years, 175/69
+inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+5. Male (twin of No. 4), a salesman, has at 28 years the formula 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 65 years, 172/68 inches; build 2.6
+(37).
+
+6. Male, a teacher, always well; at 24 years has the formula 162/69
+inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 65 years, 178/69 inches; build 2.6
+(37).
+
+_Comment._—The children are fairly uniform in build, mostly falling in
+the medium class (R: Sta-7).
+
+
+TRA-4 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in Canada and the eastern United
+States.
+
+The Father, who was a station-master, died at 86 years from diabetes,
+having the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). He was a first cousin
+to his wife. His father, who was a “customs-house officer,” died at 72
+years from “typhoid pneumonia,” having the formula 200/72 inches; build
+2.7 (39). His mother, who had 1 child, was always well, died at 91 years
+from “old age.” Formula, 90/63 inches; build 1.6 (23).
+
+The Mother, who had 6 children, was “never very strong—nervous,”
+suffered in middle age from acromegalia and diabetes mellitus, iritis,
+and cataract. She died at 65 years from acromegalia, having the formula
+140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32). One of her sisters died at 26 years from
+epilepsy; one brother died from apoplexy, “very tall and stout.” Her
+father, who was a “clerk in a freight office,” died at 76 years from
+pneumonia, having the formula 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother,
+who had a weak heart, died at 89 years from old age and apoplectic
+strokes; formula, 120/M; build, say, 2.1 (30). Five grown children:
+
+1. Female, has at 47 years the formula 140/66 inches; build 2.2 (32);
+adjusted to 55 years, 142/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+2. Male, who is a telegraph operator, suffered in youth from dyspepsia,
+has at 45 years the formula 190/71 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55
+years, 192/71 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+3. Male, a telegraph operator, who in youth suffered from rheumatic
+fever, has at 44 years the formula 210/71 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+4. Female, a physician, has at 42 years the formula 135/68 inches; build
+29; adjusted to 55 years, 143/68 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+5. Male, a draughtsman, always well, has at 39 years the formula 210/73
+inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, formula 216/73 inches;
+build 2.9 (41).
+
+_Comment._—The children are variable (like the grandparents), ranging
+from medium to fleshy (R: Tra-4).
+
+
+BER FAMILY. (Fig. 42.)
+
+I 5, J. B., male, born in Germany, was 175 cm. tall (68.9 inches) and
+weighed 108.8 kg. (240 pounds); build 3.5 (50). He died at 79 years of
+Bright’s disease. He had 2 sisters who were slender. His wife was 152 cm.
+(59.8 inches) tall and weighed 63.5 kg. (140 pounds), build 2.7 (39). One
+of her brothers was 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighed 113 kg. (250
+pounds); build 3.4 (48); but another brother was slender, about 2.1 (30).
+This mating may or may not be of heterozygous parents.
+
+There were 7 children who grew up. II 4, male, 176 cm (69 inches) tall
+and weighing at the time of his death (at 50 years from “heart disease”)
+about 215 kg. (475 pounds); build 7.0 (100), an extraordinarily obese
+man. This man was fleshy as a child. The next brother (II 6) remained
+single, dying at 45 years. His stature 170 cm. (67 inches) and weight 77
+kg. (170 pounds); build 2.7 (38). The next brother, II 7, died at 54,
+single. He was 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighed 118 kg. (260 pounds);
+build 3.5 (50); thus very fleshy. The next brother (II 8) was slender as
+a child and began to put on flesh at 19 years. His stature is 175 cm.
+(69 inches). At 25 he weighed 93 kg. (205 pounds); at 33 years, 115 kg.;
+at 35 years, 136 kg.; at 41 years, 163 kg.; at 52, 172 kg. and now at
+57 years over 180 kg. or 400 pounds. This increase of weight occurred
+despite dieting and reducing exercises. He is a very hearty eater. He is
+fat all over the body, especially hips, abdomen, and shoulders. He has
+remained single.
+
+Next in order is II 10, who died at 46 years of rheumatism of the heart.
+She was 175 cm. (69 inches) tall and weighed 73 kg. (160 pounds); build
+2.4 (34) or medium. Last was a pair of twins. II 11, male, 182 cm. (72
+inches) tall and weighs 79 kg. (176 pounds); build 2.4 (34); thus medium.
+The other twin, II 12, is a woman, who at 38 is 165 cm. (65 inches) tall
+and weighs about 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.0 (43). She is thus fleshy.
+
+_Comment._—Thus 5 of the fraternity are fleshy (2 enormously obese) and
+2 are of medium build. Thus we have a proportion of 2 medium to 5 very
+fleshy, approaching a 1:3 ratio; or a ratio may be recognized of 2
+medium, 3 fleshy to very fleshy, and 2 obese; approximately a 1:2:1 ratio
+(73:646).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 42.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+BER family.]
+
+
+HOD-A FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction from Illinois. The Father, at 84 years,
+had the formula 230/69 inches; build 3.4 (48). Of his 4 sibs: (1)
+brother, at 60 years had the formula 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41); (2)
+sister, at 65 years, 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49); (3) sister, at 68
+years, 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41); (4) sister, at 60 years, 130/60
+inches; build 2.5 (36).
+
+The Mother, at 50 years, 150/63 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her mother, at
+86, had the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). The 10 children are:
+
+1. Male, at 55 years had the formula 242/69 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+
+2. Male, at 60 years, 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+3. Male, at 21 years, 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55
+years, 199/69 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+4. Male, at 49 years, 210/67 inches; build 3.3 (47).
+
+5. Male, at 45 years, 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+6. Male, at 47 years, 225/69 inches; build 3.3 (47).
+
+7. Male, at 37 years, 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41); adjusted to 55
+years, 185/66 inches; build 3.0 (43).
+
+8. Female, at 57 years, 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+9. Female, at 53 years, 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+10. Female, at 39 years, had the formula 200/65 inches; build 3.3 (47);
+adjusted to 55 years, 206/65 inches; build 3.4 (49).
+
+_Comment._—This pedigree has a special interest because the original
+data gave the Father’s build as 26 and the Mother’s as 28. This led to
+correspondence which yielded the revised results according to which this
+fraternity is the progeny of parents who grew fleshy in their later
+years, stout instead of slender parents. Of the 10 children, 2 are
+slender, 1 medium, 3 stout, and 4 very stout (S: Hod-A).
+
+
+MOR FAMILY. (Fig. 24.)
+
+III 13 ♂, short, in middle life weighed 90 kg. (200 pounds); very fleshy.
+In later life he has grown slenderer. His mother was fleshy, like
+himself, but his father was slender; consequently he is heterozygous.
+
+III 14 ♀, wife of above, is less than 153 cm. (60 inches) tall and
+weighs about 63 kg. (140 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy. At the time of
+her marriage she weighed 43 kg. (96 pounds); build 1.9 (27); slender.
+Nevertheless, III 14 apparently contains some non-fleshy genes, as
+indicated by her 6 children:
+
+(1) IV 10 ♀, was stout as a child; when married at 24 years she weighed
+75 kg. (164 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy. Now, at 41 years, she is 161
+cm. (63.5 inches) tall, and weighs, net, 93 kg. (206 pounds); build 3.6
+(52); very fleshy. For the past 7 years her weight has been invariable.
+Her net relative chest-girth is 108/161 = 68 per cent. She married a man
+of build 3.7 (53), very fleshy, of relative chest-girth of 69 per cent.
+He is one of a fraternity of 7, of whom 5 are fleshy, 1 medium, and 1
+slender. Their 2 children are (_a_) ♂, who weighed 7.5 kg. (16.5 pounds)
+at birth, instead of the average of about 3 kg., and died at the age of
+2 days, requiring a casket large enough for a year-old child; (_b_) ♀,
+at 13 years is 152 cm. (60 inches) tall, and weighs 63 kg. (139 pounds);
+build 2.7 (39); fleshy; relative chest-girth 97/152, or 64 per cent. She
+weighed 5.6 kg. at birth, grew slenderer to 5 years, and since then
+stouter. This seems like a pure line for fleshiness.
+
+(2) IV 12 ♂, is of about the build 2.6 (37) or slightly fleshy.
+
+(3) IV 15 ♀, at 47 years is 153 cm. (60 inches) tall, and weighs 75 kg.
+(165 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy. Like her mother, she was
+slender until 39 years of age.
+
+(4) IV 17 ♀, at 44 years is slightly fleshy.
+
+(5) IV 19 ♀, is tall and “very slender”; by a very slender husband she
+has 3 children, all slender.
+
+(6) IV 20 ♀, at 38 years is slender.
+
+_Comment._—Thus, of the 6 children, 1 is very slender, 1 is slender, 2
+fleshy, and 2 very fleshy—an exceedingly variable progeny. Evidently some
+of the gametes from both parents are responsible for the result (73:690).
+
+
+REMARKS.
+
+The mating of two heterozygous parents produces, in general, an
+exceptionally variable progeny. This is one of the strongest evidences of
+the presence of genetical factors in build. The result can not, so far as
+I can see, be adequately explained on any other than the genetical basis.
+As an illustration of such variability in full sibs, plate 9, figure 4,
+is striking. Such differences are frequently found in the offspring of
+heterozygous parents.
+
+
+Mating 2. OTHER MEDIUM × MEDIUM MATINGS (Table X).
+
+This mating is important for deciding between the hypotheses (_a_) that
+medium build is the heterozygous condition between slender and fleshy;
+(_b_) that “medium” represents an hereditary type (biotype) as truly as
+slender does; (_c_) that the “medium” group is a combination of cases of
+the heterozygous condition and a distinct biotype.
+
+First, it appears that the mating is the commonest one in our records,
+except medium × fleshy. But this is to be expected, inasmuch as the
+medium grade of build is the commonest grade.
+
+Second, the variability of the progeny is small, 4.05 ± 0.11. The only
+mating that has a less variable progeny is S × S, 2.41 ± 0.17. This
+result, shown in table 12, indicates that the persons of medium build
+are, for the most part, not heterozygous, but belong to a distinct
+biotype. On the other hand, M × M matings from table X, selected mostly
+on account of dissimilar build of parents, give progeny distributed
+nearly in a 1:2:1 ratio, such as is got in the second generation of
+a monohybrid. It seems probable, accordingly, that hypothesis (_c_)
+is correct, but that the cases of medium that belong to a distinct
+biotype are much more numerous than the cases of medium parents who are
+heterozygous.
+
+
+SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION.
+
+The matings selected because most obviously adapted to give an F₂ progeny
+produced an offspring about one-third more variable than the F₁ progeny.
+The wide range of variability of the F₂ progeny is more in accordance
+with the hypothesis of 6 zygotic factors for build than that of 4 zygotic
+factors.
+
+The mating of two “medium-build” parents gives a progeny that is not
+very variable in build; not more variable than the progeny of the S ×
+F mating. The result is like that obtained in studies in heredity of
+stature, where the progeny of the M × M was not extremely variable.
+This result, in the case of build, that the medium build is relatively
+invariable, suggests that some persons of medium build really belong to a
+biotype in which fleshy build is due to 4-zygotic factors, and that such
+parents are zygotically of the AAbb type, and produce offspring of whom
+100 per cent are again of that type. Examples would seem to be found in
+the following families with 4 or more children: Bat-2, Bea-7, Kel-4a,
+Old-2, Rig-1, War-3. There is, of course, genetical justification for
+the assumption that the same character may in certain strains be due to
+3 gametic factors, in others to only 2. This is especially well shown in
+susceptibility to tumor-growth of mice.
+
+
+CLASS V. THE “BACK-CROSS.”
+
+The mating of heterozygous individuals with the “pure” recessives of
+the parental stock, as well as with “pure” dominants, is an important
+procedure in genetics, in order to determine the number of factors
+involved in the trait. This mating is of especial importance in detecting
+“crossing over,” but our data are insufficient to permit use for this
+purpose. Though the total of our data is considerable, yet the nature
+of traits due to multiple factors is such that the table has to be
+broken up into a large number of small ones, of which the “constants”
+are subject to large probable errors. It seems best to distinguish two
+kinds of matings: (1) heterozygous medium or fleshy × slender, and (2)
+heterozygous fleshy × fleshy (or very fleshy) of fleshy stock.
+
+
+Mating 1. HETEROZYGOUS MEDIUM OR FLESHY × SLENDER.
+
+The data for this analysis are in table 32, which contains the apparently
+most significant matings from Appendix tables III, IV, and VIII.
+
+The totals of table 32, _b_ + _c_, give the following proportions: 3 VS,
+26 S, 36 M, 20 F, 4 VF.
+
+The matings of 4-factor and 2-factor parents respectively give a
+distribution of two types. Uniting these (on the assumption that they are
+equally numerous), we get proportions as follows: 3 VS, 25 S, 44 M, 25 F,
+3 VF.
+
+This theoretical series is of the same general type as that given by the
+data, and the agreement (considering all of the unknown factors) is
+fairly close. The details of the family histories included in table 32
+are given below.
+
+
+TABLE 32.—_Matings of a heterozygous parent, of either medium or
+fleshy build, and a slender parent, together with the progeny of this
+back-cross._
+
+  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                  (_a_) FROM TABLE III, VS × M (S).                  |
+  +-------+-----------------------------------------+-------------------+
+  |       |                 Parentage.              |     Offspring.    |
+  |       +----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |  Ref. |    |    |  |Father’s|   |   |  |Mother’s|   |   |   |   |   |
+  |       | FF | FM |F |  sibs. |MF |MM |M |  sibs. |VS | S | M | F |VF |
+  +-------+----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |Ach 2  | 32 | 33 |32|        |32 |27 |25|        |   | 1 | 2 |   |   |
+  |Bic 1  | 29 | 35 |34|        |M  |S  |25|4t      |   | 1 | 2 |   |   |
+  |Gru 1  | M  | M  |31|1t      |M  |S  |24|        |   | 1 | 1 |   |   |
+  |Ise 2  | 26 | 31 |31|        |31 |27 |23|        |   | 2 | 5 |   |   |
+  |Mil A  | 39 | 28 |36|1S 1M 3F|35 |30 |22|        | 1 |   | 3 | 3 |   |
+  |Wit 2  | 26 | M  |33|        |M  |t  |22|2t      |   | 2 | 1 |   |   |
+  |       |    |    |  |        |   |   |  |        +---+---+---+---+---+
+  | Total |    |    |  |        |   |   |  |        | 1 | 7 |14 | 3 |   |
+  +-------+----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  | A, 32.34 ± 0.59. S. D., 4.38 ± 0.42.                                |
+  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+  |                  (_b_) FROM TABLE IV, VS × F (S).                   |
+  +-------+----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |Hol A  |    |    |39|        |   |   |23|        | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
+  |Law A  | 34 |    |43|        |35 |   |24|1S 1M 2F|   | 2 | 1 | 1 |   |
+  |Wat 5  |    |    |37|1F      |   |S  |25|4S      |   | 1 | 3 | 1 |   |
+  +-------+----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |              (_c_) IN PART FROM TABLE VIII, S × F (S).              |
+  +-------+----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  |Gui 3  |    |    |27|        |34 |30 |39|        |   | 1 | 3 | 3 |   |
+  |Hok 1  | 36 | S  |37|        |31 |35 |27|        |   |   | 2 |   |   |
+  |Hot 1  | M  | S  |30|        |S  |S  |40|        |   |   | 1 |   |   |
+  |Hul 2  | 34 | 25 |30|        |35 |27 |37|        | 2 | 4 | 1 |   |   |
+  |Kie    |    |    |S |        |   |   |F |        |   | 2 |   | 2 |   |
+  |Leo (a)| S  | S  |S |4S      |F  |S  |51|3S 3F   |   |   |   | 1 |   |
+  |Leo (b)|    |    |S |        |   |   |51|        |   | 2 |   | 1 | 3 |
+  |Lyn 2  | S  | F  |37|        |S  |M  |29|        |   |   | 1 |   |   |
+  |Mer B  | 47 | 27 |40|        |37 |36 |25|        |   | 1 | 3 | 1 |   |
+  |Mor (a)|    |    |50|        |   |   |S |        |   |   |10 | 3 |   |
+  |Mor (b)|    |    |S |        |F  |F  |F |2S 2F   |   | 4 |   |   |   |
+  |Mor (c)| F  | M  |F |1S 1M 4F|   |   |S |1S      |   | 2 |   |   |   |
+  |Pad 1  | 31 | 35 |28|        |33 |23 |37|        |   |   |   | 1 |   |
+  |Rid 1  |F(?)|M(?)|42|3F      |S  |S  |S |        |   | 2 |   |   |   |
+  |Rom 1  | S  | F  |38|3t      |F  |M  |28|        |   |   | 6 | 1 |   |
+  |Van    |    |    |42|1S 1F   |   |   |S |1M      |   | 2 |   | 3 |   |
+  |Wat    | S  | F  |27|        |26 |45 |40|        |   | 1 | 1 | 1 |   |
+  |       +----+----+--+        +---+---+--+        +---+---+---+---+---+
+  | Total |    |    |  |        |   |   |  |        | 3 |26 |36 |20 | 4 |
+  +-------+----+----+--+--------+---+---+--+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
+  | A, 33.67 ± 0.40. S. D., 5.58 ± 0.28.                                |
+  +---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+ACH-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and probable Scotch stock. The family residence
+is now located in Oregon, in which State the 3 children of the third
+generation were born. The Father, a mechanic, inclined to rheumatism and
+nervousness, has at 50 years the formula 150/69 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+His sibs are all tall (and presumably slender). His father, a farmer,
+died when 78 years old, having at 40 years the formula 150/69 inches;
+build 2.2 (32). His mother, after having borne 6 sons and 5 daughters,
+died of cancer at 70 years. At that time she had the formula 125/62
+inches; build 2.3 (33). Thus, the Father’s fraternity, though their
+parents were of medium build, apparently carries a slender tendency.
+
+The Mother suffers from “rheumatism”; she is “always busy” and is living
+at 51 years, with the formula 93/61 inches; build 1.8 (25). Her father,
+a farmer, died at 82 with the formula 150/69 inches; build 2.2 (32). Her
+mother, having had 5 sons and 4 daughters, died of “heart trouble” at 42
+years. She had the formula 100/61 inches; build 1.9 (27). Thus this side
+of the house inclines toward slenderness. The 3 children are:
+
+1. Female, a bookkeeper and “nervous,” at 26 has the formula 95/65
+inches; build 1.6 (23); adjusted to 50 years, 112/65 inches; build 1.8
+(27).
+
+2. Female, a bookkeeper, and “energetic” and “nervous,” at 22 has the
+formula 120/67 inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted to 50 years, 139/67
+inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Female, a bookkeeper and “energetic, impulsive, and agile,” has at 23
+the formula 112/63 inches; build 1.9 (28); adjusted to 50 years, 129/63
+inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—A medium Father of medium and slender stock marries a
+slender, nervous woman who has a slender mother. One of the children is
+exceptionally slender and two are slender according to the unadjusted
+index. It is very doubtful if the most slender child would ever acquire
+the adjusted index of 27, though children Nos. 2 and 3, energetic and
+agile at 23 and 22 years respectively, with builds 1.9 (28) and 2.0 (27),
+may well acquire a medium build by maturity if they become less active
+(R: Ach-2).
+
+
+BIC-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and French extraction living mostly in Kentucky
+and Indiana. The Father, a newspaper publisher, suffered in youth from
+typhoid fever. He is living at 52 years, having at 45 years the formula
+175/72 inches; build 2.4 (34). His father, a justice of the peace, died
+at 39 years from pulmonary tuberculosis contracted during the Civil War.
+At 26 years he had the formula 140/70 inches; build 20 (29). His mother,
+who had 4 children, suffered in middle age from cancer. She is living at
+76 years. At 40 years her formula was 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). Thus
+the father is of mixed ancestry; he is probably heterozygous in respect
+to build.
+
+The Mother has been subject to tuberculosis of throat and lungs. She is
+living at 51 years, having at 45 years the formula 102/64 inches; build
+1.7 (24). Four of her sibs died from tuberculosis of throat and lungs.
+Her father, a revenue collector, suffered in youth from rheumatism and in
+middle age from “very bad throat trouble.” He died at 85 years from old
+age. At 45 years he was of medium build. Her mother, who had 9 children,
+always well, died at 85 years from malignant tumor. At 45 years she was
+slender. This side of the house is very slender, largely on account of
+tuberculosis. The grandfather is of medium build; the grandmother was
+nervously active and slender. The 3 children:
+
+1. Female, a social worker, who in youth suffered from diphtheria,
+tonsillitis, and adenoids, has at 23 years the formula 105/64 inches;
+build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 45 years, 2.1 (29). (R: Bic-1.)
+
+2. Female, a college graduate, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis,
+scarlet fever, and appendicitis and had a tendency to consumption, has
+at 22 years the formula 126/66 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 45
+years, 142/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Female, a student, who has a “nervous temperament,” has at 18 years
+the formula 124/67 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 45 years, 143/67
+inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+_Comment._—The tuberculous tendency of the Mother’s fraternity and of the
+Father’s father reappears in at least one of the children. None is as
+slender as the Mother, and all approach the medium grade (R: Bic-1).
+
+
+GRU-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and German extraction living mostly in Pennsylvania
+and New Jersey. The Father, a school-teacher and principal, is living
+at 52 years, having had at 45 years the formula 134/66 inches; build
+2.2 (31). One of his brothers died of “consumption” and was apparently
+slender. His father, a farmer, often mentally depressed, is living at 75
+years, and has a “medium” build. His mother, who had 10 children, and who
+suffered in middle age from rheumatism, is living at 73 years, and is of
+“medium” build. Thus the paternal inheritance is toward medium build; the
+father possibly heterozygous.
+
+The Mother suffered in middle age from inflammatory rheumatism; she has
+at 40 years the formula 106/66 inches; build 1.7 (24). Her father, a
+farmer, of medium build, died at 77 years from pneumonia. Her mother, who
+had 6 children, died at 77 years from arterio-sclerosis; she was slender.
+Thus the maternal build is prevailingly slender, though the grandfather
+is of medium build. The 3 children:
+
+1. Female, a teacher, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 20
+years the formula 110/65 inches; build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 42 years,
+125/65 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+2. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from infantile paralysis, has
+at 18 years the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 42
+years, 136/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Female, at 13 years, has already the build of her next older sister.
+
+_Comment._—All the children have a heavier build than the slenderer
+parent and approach a medium build (R: Gru-1).
+
+
+ISE-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Swiss and French origin living in Kansas. The Father, who is
+of Swiss parentage, a farmer, is living at 86 years, having the formula
+150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32). His father, a farmer, died of consumption,
+having the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26). His mother, who had
+8 children, died at 82 years from pneumonia, having the formula 130/65
+inches; build 2.2 (31). This side of the house is of mixed slender-medium
+build.
+
+The Mother, who has had 11 children, is of French-Swiss stock and has
+been a farmer’s wife in Kansas. She has been operated upon for glaucoma,
+is living at 72 years, and has the formula 88/62 inches; build 1.6 (23).
+Her father, a farmer, died from neuralgia of heart, having the formula
+130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who had 3 children, died at
+46 years, suddenly, perhaps from appendicitis, having the formula 115/65
+inches; build 1.9 (27). The maternal side of the house has thus a build
+ranging from very slender to slender-medium. The 8 children about whom
+information is given are:
+
+1. Male, a college professor, died at 42 years after an operation for
+appendicitis, having the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted
+to 55+ years, 129/68 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+2. Female, a librarian, who in youth suffered from pneumonia, in middle
+age from a nervous breakdown, has at 47 years the formula 112/60 inches;
+build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Female, a stenographer, who in middle age suffered from fever (in
+Africa), has at 45 years the formula 117/63 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+4. Male, a college professor, always well, has at 41 years the formula
+170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 55+ years, 175/70 inches;
+build 2.5 (36).
+
+5. Male, a merchant, has at 39 years the formula 160/70 inches; build 2.3
+(33); adjusted to 55+ years, 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+6. Male, a merchant, who in youth suffered from acute rheumatism and
+leakage of heart, has at 36 years the formula 165/72 inches; build 2.2
+(32); adjusted to 55+ years, 172/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+7. Male, an editor, who in middle age has suffered from pleurisy and
+pneumonia, has at 33 years the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 159/71 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+
+8. Male, a newspaper reporter, of unknown build.
+
+_Comment._—All children, except the first, who was of a nervous, active
+type and died prematurely, are of medium build, mostly slightly fleshier
+than the stockier parent (R: Ise-2).
+
+
+MIL-A FAMILY.
+
+A family probably of old American (English) stock, living in Los Angeles,
+California. The Father, at 70 years, had the formula 170/68.5 inches;
+build 2.5 (36). Of his sibs, 1 is slender, 1 medium, and 4 are fleshy.
+His father, at 70 years, had the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+His mother, at 70 years, had the formula 120/66 inches; build 1.9 (28).
+Thus the Father is of mixed fleshy and slender origin.
+
+The Mother, at 85 years, had the formula 100/67 inches; build 1.6 (22).
+Her father, at 70 years, 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (35). Her mother, at 70
+years, 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30). Thus, the maternal parent is very
+slender with slender to medium grandparents. The 6 children are:
+
+1. Male, at 56 years, has the formula 224/72 inches; build 3.1 (43).
+
+2. Male, at 53 years, 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+3. Female, at 27 years, 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55
+years, 148/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+4. Female, at 64 years, 100/68 inches; build 1.5 (22).
+
+5. Female, at 50 years, 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+6. Female, at 59 years, 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).
+
+_Comment._—The children vary from slender to fleshy; thus two have a
+heavier build than any ancestor described (S:Mil-A).
+
+
+WIT-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English and Irish extraction; paternal grandparents living
+in the Middle States and California. The Father, a merchant, suffered
+in middle age from pneumonia. He is living at 75 years. At 70 years his
+formula was 155/69 inches; build 2.3 (33). His father, a farmer, died
+at 86 years from dropsy. At 70 years his formula was 140/73 inches;
+build 1.8 (26). His mother, who had 8 children, died from consumption.
+At 50 years she was of medium build. Thus this side of the house is
+prevailingly of medium build, but the Father’s father was slender,
+consequently the Father is probably heterozygous for build.
+
+The Mother suffered in middle age from insanity and consumption, having
+the formula 100/68 inches; build 1.5 (22). Two of her 4 sibs who reached
+maturity died from consumption. Their father, a farmer, died at 74
+years from bladder trouble. At 50 years he was of medium build. Their
+mother, who had 4 children, died from consumption. In this family the
+very slender stature is probably controlled by lung tuberculosis. The 3
+children are:
+
+1. Male, a machinist, who was accidentally killed at 19 years, 145/69
+inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 168/71 inches; build 2.4
+(34).
+
+2. Male, retired, who in youth suffered from dysentery and pneumonia;
+in middle age from indigestion, internal catarrh, tuberculosis,
+appendicitis, and malaria, has at 44 years the formula 140/69.5 inches;
+build 2.0 (29).
+
+3. Female, who was “very healthy” in youth, but in middle age had mental
+“nervous troubles,” has at 40 years the formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7
+(24); adjusted to 55 years, 106/64 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+_Comment._—The children of this mating are mixed slender to medium; one
+of the children is feeble-minded and is very slender; one who is slender
+has had active tuberculosis and much other illness; the third, who died
+at 19, had an average build. The record is complicated by disease (R:
+Wit-2).
+
+
+HOL-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from Illinois. The Father at 55 years has the formula: 180/68
+inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+The Mother, at 50 years, has the formula: 100/66 inches; build 1.6 (23).
+The 9 children are:
+
+(1) Female, at 30 years, has the formula 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43);
+adjusted to 55 years, 194/65 inches; build 3.2 (46).
+
+(2) Male, at 30 years, 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55
+years, 139/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).
+
+(3) Male, at 27 years, 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55
+years, 183/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+(4) Male, at 25 years, 165/74 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55
+years, 184/74 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+(5) Male, at 29 years, 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55
+years, 151/68 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+(6) Male, at 26 years, 125/72 inches; build 1.7 (24).
+
+(7) Female, at 24 years, 140/69 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55
+years, 161/69 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+(8) Female, at 22 years, 110/72 inches; build 1.5 (21); adjusted to 55
+years, 130/72 inches; build 1.8 (25).
+
+(9) Female, at 20 years, has the formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7 (24);
+adjusted to 55 years, 119/64 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+_Comment._—The children vary greatly from very slender to stout or even,
+adjusted, to very stout. One of them is much stouter than either parent.
+Probably the Father is heterozygous (S:Hol-A).
+
+
+LAW-A FAMILY.
+
+A family from Georgia. The Father, at 30 years, had the formula 200/68
+inches; build 3.0 (43). His brothers were “all stout.” His father, at 30
+years, had the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34). The fleshy father
+carries factors for at least medium build.
+
+The Mother, at 30 years, had the formula 100/65 inches; build 1.7 (24).
+Her brothers were all of “medium” build. Her sisters are: 1 slender, 1
+medium, and 2 fleshy. Their father, at 30 years, had the formula 170/70
+inches; build 2.4 (35). The 4 children:
+
+1. Male, at 30 years, had the formula 190/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+
+2. Female, at 30 years, 110/61 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+3. Female, at 30 years, 100/60 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+
+4. Female, at 30 years, 130/61 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+_Comment._—A fleshy man of medium stock has by a very slender woman of
+mixed stock in respect to build, 4 children—2 slender, 1 medium, and 1
+fleshy (S:Law-A).
+
+
+WAT-5 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction; grandparents living in Massachusetts,
+Michigan, England, Utah, and Montana; parents and children living in Utah
+and Montana. The Father, a miner, suffered in middle age from pneumonia
+and died at 64 years from chronic bronchitis. At 60 years his formula was
+190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, a farmer, died at 37 years.
+The Father had a fleshy sister, at least 3 of whose children were fleshy.
+His mother died at 38 years. Apparently, a fleshy strain on the Father’s
+father’s side; Father’s mother’s side unknown.
+
+The Mother, who had 7 children, suffered in youth from scarlet fever and
+lung fever, is living at 60 years, having the formula 107/65.5 inches;
+build 1.8 (25). Her 4 sibs are “thin.” Their father, a lawyer, suffered
+at 23 years from scarlet fever, died from an accident at 42. Two of his
+sibs were “very large” and tall. Her mother, who had 9 children, died
+at 76 years from pneumonia; she was slender and so was her sister. Thus
+the slender Mother has both slender and fleshy close relations. The 5
+children who grew up are:
+
+1. Female, married, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has at 37
+years the formula 109/67 inches; build 1.7 (24); adjusted to 55 years,
+119/67 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+2. Male, a miner, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, tonsillitis,
+and throat trouble, has at 34 years the formula 185/71 inches; build 2.6
+(37); adjusted to 55 years, 193/71 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+3. Female, married, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has, at 31
+years, the formula 128/66 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years,
+143/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+4. Female, married, who in youth suffered from throat trouble, underwent
+a tonsillectomy and appendectomy, has at 25 years the formula 120/65.5
+inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 138/65.5 inches; build 2.3
+(32).
+
+5. Female, married, has at 21 years, the formula 120/65.5 inches; build
+2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 140/65.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—The adjusted build of the children show 1 slender (unadjusted,
+very slender), 3 medium, and 1 fleshy, suggesting a heterozygous
+parentage. This family has been placed in this category, despite
+absence of information about the Father’s parents, because of the great
+variability of the children (R: Wat-5).
+
+
+GUI-3 FAMILY.
+
+A family of Scandinavian extraction, living mostly in Kansas. The Father,
+a farmer, who suffered in middle age from asthma, has at 74 years the
+formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+The Mother has at 60 years the formula 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her
+father, a farmer, died at 83 years from senile dementia. At 75 years his
+formula was 150/S inches; build, say, 2.4 (34). Her mother, who had 6
+children, died at 84 years, “probably senility.” At 75 years her formula
+was 120/M inches; build, say, 2.1 (30). The 8 children:
+
+1. Female, married, suffered in youth and middle age from heart trouble,
+following rheumatism. At 40 years she has the formula 110/62 inches;
+build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 116/62 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from rheumatism, has at 33 years
+the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 144/67
+inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Male, who died at 16 years from operation for rectal tumor.
+
+4. Male, a real-estate dealer, who in youth suffered from asthma, has
+at 33 years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+
+years, 144/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+5. Female, a nurse, who in youth suffered from anterior poliomyelitis
+(complete recovery), has at 31 years the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6
+(37); adjusted to 55 years, 162/64 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+6. Male, a farmer, has at 29 years the formula 153/70 inches; build 2.2
+(31); adjusted to 55 years, 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+7. Female, has at 27 years the formula 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36);
+adjusted to 55 years, 166/65 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+8. Male, a farmer, has at 24 years the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3
+(33); adjusted to 55+ years, 164/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+_Comment._—One-half of the children may be expected to exceed the mean
+build of the parents, and 2 to equal or exceed the fleshy build of the
+Mother (R: Gui-3).
+
+
+HOK-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of German and English extraction, living in Illinois, Colorado,
+and Iowa. The Father, who is a carpenter, always well, is living at 63
+years, having the formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, who
+was a manufacturer, always well, died at 72 years from a fistula. At 72
+years his formula 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (36). The father’s mother died
+at about 48 years; was of slender build.
+
+The Mother, always well, has at 62 years the formula 105/62 inches;
+build 1.9 (27). Her father, who was a coal-mine owner, died at 46 years
+from exposure during Civil War. At 45 years his formula 140/67 inches;
+build 2.2 (31). Her mother, always well, died at 87 years from old age.
+Formula, 145/64 inches; build 2.5 (35). Two grown children:
+
+1. Male, a surveyor, who in youth suffered from typhoid, has at 34 years
+the formula 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years, 168/70
+inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+2. Male, always well, has at 26 years the formula 165/72 inches; build
+2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 181/72 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+_Comment._—Both children are of medium build, fairly close to that of the
+fleshier parent (R: Hok-1).
+
+
+HOT-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living mostly in New York State. The
+Father, who is a carpenter, suffered in middle age from pneumonia. He is
+living at 51 years, having the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His
+father, who was a farmer, died at 69 years from apoplexy; was of medium
+build. His mother, who had 6 children, at 50 years was slender.
+
+The Mother is living at 50 years, having the formula 150/61 inches;
+build 2.8 (40). Her father, who was a grocer, suffered in youth from
+rheumatism; in middle age from typhoid fever. He died at 61 years from
+Bright’s disease. At 61 years he was slender. Her mother, who had 3
+children, was always well. She died at 79 years from cerebral hemorrhage;
+she was said to be slender.
+
+One son, a teacher, always well, has at 25 years the formula 140/67
+inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years, 151/67 inches; build 2.3
+(33).
+
+_Comment._—The son is intermediate in build between the parents (R:
+Hot-1).
+
+
+HUL-2 FAMILY.
+
+A rural New York family of prevailingly English origin. The Father, a
+business man, always well, had, at 50 years, the formula 140/68 inches;
+build 2.1 (30). His father, who died of “rheumatism of the stomach” at
+80 years, had the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34). His mother, who
+died at 82 years of old age, with dropsical tendencies, had the formula
+95/62 inches; build 1.7 (25). This family has a build at or below the
+average.
+
+The Mother, who suffered much from sick headache and “rheumatism,” and in
+later years from diabetes mellitus, had, at 50 years, the formula 150/64
+inches; build 2.6 (37). Her father, who suffered from migraine, had the
+formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, always well, died at
+78 years of gradual decay; her formula, at 50 years, 115/65 inches; build
+1.9 (27). The Mother is doubtless heterozygous. There are 7 children:
+
+1. Female, who has had pneumonia and suffers from migraine, has, at 38,
+the formula 100/62.5 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+
+2. Female, a teacher, married, at 37 years, 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+3. Female, married, and died at 35 years of Addison’s disease, 105/65
+inches; build 1.8 (25).
+
+4. Female, who has been operated on for tubercular neck glands, at 34
+years, 115/62 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+5. Female, who suffered in youth from tachycardia, at 28 years, 100/65.5
+inches; build 1.6 (23).
+
+6. Female, who has suffered from migraine and rheumatism and had an
+attack of pneumonia, at 27 years, 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted
+to 50 years, 119/64 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+7. Male, well, at 20 years, 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50
+years, 158/68 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+_Comment._—On the whole the children are _below_ the average build, like
+the slender parent (R: Hul-2).
+
+
+KIE FAMILY. (Fig. 43.)
+
+II 1 ♂, a slender German. His wife, II 2 ♀, fleshy. Their 4 children of
+whose build something is known: III 1 ♂, fleshy; III 2 ♂, slender, over
+6 feet tall, married to a fleshy woman, has 6 tall, slender daughters.
+III 4 ♀, died of “heart disease”; slender. III 7 ♂, died at 56 of cancer
+of the lungs, weight in health 82 kg. (180 pounds); stature 178 cm. (70
+inches); build 2.6 (37), fleshy. Thus 2 are fleshy and 2 slender.
+
+_Comment._—From the variability of the offspring we infer that the fleshy
+Mother was heterozygous in build (73-670).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 43.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the KIE family.]
+
+
+LEO FAMILY, A. (Fig. 23.)
+
+II 7 ♂, slender with 4 slender sibs. Their parents both slender. His
+wife, II 8 ♀, at 36 years, has a stature of 152 cm. (60 inches); weight
+84 kg. (184 pounds); build 3.6 (51); very fleshy; relative chest-girth
+112/52, or 74 per cent. She has 3 fleshy and 2 slender sibs. Of their
+parents one was fleshy and one slender. Thus II 8 is heterozygous.
+
+III 4, the only child, at 9 years, has a relative chest-girth of 57 per
+cent; fleshy.
+
+
+LEO FAMILY, B.
+
+I 5 ♂, slender, and I 6 ♀, whose build is about 3.6 (51), or very fleshy,
+have 6 children of whom something is known, as follows: II 8 ♀, build 3.6
+(51), very fleshy; II 11 ♀, fleshy; II 15 ♀, slender; II 16 ♀, slender,
+married to a slender man and has 3 slender children; II 12 ♂, of medium
+stature and 95 kg. (210 pounds) weight; build, say, 3.2 (45); very
+fleshy; II 13 ♀, of tall stature and 91 kg. (200 pounds) weight; build,
+say, 3.2 (46); very fleshy. Thus there are 3 very fleshy, 1 fleshy, and
+2 slender children. The Mother’s heterozygosity is inferred from the
+variability of the progeny in build.
+
+II 14 ♂, fleshy, and II 15 ♀, slender, have 2 sons, both slender (73:676).
+
+
+LYN-2 FAMILY.
+
+A family of prevailingly English stock, living in Illinois and Nebraska.
+The Father, who was a farmer and school-teacher, died at 65 years from
+cancer of stomach. Formula, 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father,
+who was a farmer, died at 76 years from pneumonia; he was slender. His
+mother, who had 10 children, is living and is corpulent. Thus the Father
+is heterozygous.
+
+The Mother, who has 1 child, has at 49 years the formula 120/64 inches;
+build 2.1 (29). Her father, who is a carpenter, always well, is at 70
+years slender. Her mother, who had 4 children, died at 36 years from
+pneumonia; she was of medium build. One child, female, a kindergarten
+teacher, has at 19 years the formula 110/63 inches; build 2.0 (28);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 130/63 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—The child is now like the slender parent and will probably
+increase somewhat in build (R: Lyn-2).
+
+
+MER-B FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction from Rochester, New York. The Father, at
+21 years, had the formula 200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40). His father had
+the formula 250/73 inches; build 3.3 (47). His mother had the formula
+130/70 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+The Mother, at 21 years, had the formula 96/61 inches; build 1.8 (25).
+Her father had the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother had
+the formula 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36). Five children:
+
+1. Male, at 21 years, had the formula 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38).
+
+2. Male, at 21 years, 170/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+3. Female, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+4. Female, 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+5. Female, 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+
+_Comment._—All 5 children are intermediate between the parents; 1 is
+fleshy, 1 slender (S:Mer-B).
+
+
+MOR FAMILY. (Fig. 24.)
+
+(_a_) II 1 ♂, stature 181 cm. (71 inches); weight 13 kg. (200 pounds);
+build 3.5 (50); very fleshy. Married II 2, a slender woman. They had 7
+sons, 2 fleshy, 5 medium, and 6 daughters, 1 fleshy and 5 medium. Thus 3
+fleshy and 10 of medium build. To save space only 5 are represented in
+figure 24.
+
+(_b_) IV 16 ♂, slender, married IV 17 ♀, fleshy, who has 2 fleshy and 2
+slender sibs; and both parents fleshy. They have 4 living children, all
+slender.
+
+(_c_) IV 5 ♂, fleshy with 4 fleshy, 1 medium, and 1 slender sibs and a
+fleshy and medium parent; married IV 6, slender, with a slender sister.
+They had 2 sons, both slender (73:690).
+
+
+PAD-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction, living in the middle West. The Father, a
+horticulturist, subject in middle life to catarrh, is living at 55 years,
+having had at 50 years the formula 145/72 inches; build 2.0 (28). His
+father, a farmer, who in youth suffered from measles and bronchitis, and
+in middle age from liver trouble, died at 59 years from complication of
+stomach and liver diseases. At 55 years his formula 145/68 inches; build
+2.2 (31). His mother is living at 80 years, having the formula 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+The Mother, at 49 years, had the formula 145/63 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her father, a merchant and farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever
+and congestion of the brain. He died at 86 years from old age, having had
+at 70 years the formula 170/72 inches; build 2.3 (33). Her mother died at
+83 years of old age, having the formula 95/64 inches; build 1.6 (23). The
+only grown child is a male, a student, who in youth suffered from measles
+and catarrh, has at 21 years the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4 (35);
+adjusted to 50 years, 171/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+_Comment._—The only grown child is like his stouter parent in build (R:
+Pad-1).
+
+
+ROM-1 FAMILY.
+
+A family of prevailing English stock, living in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
+and Kansas. The Father, who is a lawyer, has at 72 years the formula
+170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38). Three of his brothers died at 26 years, 41
+years, and 22 years respectively, from tuberculosis; all were of medium
+height. Their father, who was a “farmer and blacksmith,” died at 76 years
+from Bright’s disease; was slender. Their mother, who had 5 children,
+died at 55 years from “tuberculosis of the liver”; was corpulent. The
+Father is doubtless heterozygous in build.
+
+The Mother has at 67 years the formula 119/65 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+One of her sisters, who was tall, died from “quick consumption”; another
+from diabetes; another from dropsy. Two of her brothers, tall, died from
+hardening of the arteries, another from “leakage of the heart,” and
+another from dropsy. Their father, who was a miller, died at 76 years—“a
+complication of diseases (asthma).” He was corpulent. Their mother, who
+had 10 children, died at 72 years from pneumonia; was of medium build.
+The 7 children are:
+
+1. Female, married, who in middle age suffered from rheumatism, has at 44
+years the formula 155/64 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55 years,
+158/64 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from malarial fever, has at 41
+years the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years,
+155/68 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+3. Male, a farmer, has at 38 years the formula 155/68 inches; build 2.4
+(34); adjusted to 55 years, 161/68 inches; build 2.5 (35).
+
+4. Male, who died at 18 years from diphtheria, having the formula 145/72
+inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 171/72 inches; build 2.3
+(33).
+
+5. Female, married, has at 31 years the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9
+(27); adjusted to 55 years, 132/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+6. Male, a farmer, has at 28 years the formula 160/71 inches; build 2.2
+(32); adjusted to 55 years, 174/71 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+7. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis, scarlet
+fever, and other “children’s” diseases, has at 22 years the formula
+118/64 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 136/64 inches; build
+2.3 (33).
+
+_Comment._—All except one on the adjusted weights equal or exceed the
+mid-parent index. One of the 7 children is as fleshy as the fleshier
+parent (R: Rom-1).
+
+
+RID FAMILY. (Fig. 48.)
+
+III 9 ♂, at 59 years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 73 kg. (160
+pounds); build 2.9 (42); fleshy; “as fat as butter when a child.” He
+has 3 fleshy sibs and his parents are dissimilar in build; hence he is
+heterozygous; married to III 10 ♀, slender, of two slender parents.
+
+Of their 2 children, IV 3 ♀, at 30 years is slender; IV 4 ♂, at 16 years,
+slender (73:727).
+
+
+VAN FAMILY. (Fig. 44.)
+
+I 3 ♂, died at 51 years of heart disease, stature 170 cm. (67 inches);
+weight 86 kg. (190 pounds); build 3.0 (42); fleshy. He was one of a
+fraternity of 8 of whom something is known of the following: I 1 ♂,
+slender; I 2 ♂, stature 183 (72 inches); weight 90 kg. (200 pounds);
+build 2.7 (38.5); fleshy; slender as a child. I 3, married I 4, who died
+at 32, was tall, slender, angular. A brother is of medium build.
+
+They have 5 children: II 1 ♂, died at 53 years of indigestion; stature
+189 cm. (74 inches); weight 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 2.6 (37); fleshy.
+II 2 ♀, always slender. II 3 ♀, slender. II 4 ♂, at 54, stature 175 cm.
+(69 inches); weight 88 kg. (194 pounds); build 2.9 (41); fleshy. Relative
+chest-girth 108 ÷ 175, or 62 per cent. He first began to increase in
+build at 22 years and at 30 years had his present build; loses weight
+after vigorous exercise. He married a woman (II 5) who, like himself, was
+slender in youth, but began to grow fleshy at 39, and now has a build
+of 2.9 (41). She has 2 slender, 2 fleshy, and 2 very fleshy sibs, and
+her parents were both very fleshy. The foregoing couple (II 4, 5) have
+2 children who grew up. III 1 ♀ at 28 years, keeps slender by constant
+dieting. III 2 ♂ (one of twins) at 25 years, very slender, nervous, and
+irritable. The children have not yet reached the age when their mother
+became fleshy.
+
+Finally, II 7 ♀, at 50 years, is 170 cm. (67 inches) tall and weighs 88
+kg. (195 pounds); build 3.1 (43); fleshy. She was slender up to 27 years
+of age. She is married to a somewhat fleshy man and their daughter at 27
+is of medium build, but beginning to grow fleshy.
+
+_Comment._—The mating of a man of build 3.0, of a fraternity that is
+variable in build, and a woman of slender build yields grown children
+with following builds: 2.6, “slender,” “slender,” 2.9 (slender in youth),
+and 3.1 (slender in youth). Three of the five become fleshy, but probably
+only late in life—the heterozygous reaction (73:745).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 44.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+VAN family.]
+
+
+WAT FAMILY.
+
+A family of English extraction living in Wyoming. The Father, who has
+tuberculosis, has the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27). His father
+was slender and of average height. His mother was fleshy and of average
+height.
+
+The Mother had at 50 the formula 165/64 inches; build 2.8 (40), but
+averaged usually from 120 to 128 pounds. She had stomach trouble. Her
+father, an invalid and sufferer from tuberculosis, rheumatism, neuralgia,
+heart trouble, and dropsy, had the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8
+(26). His weight varied from 102 to 120 pounds; very slender. Her mother,
+who had a goiter of which she was cured, and quinsy, had the formula
+140/56 inches; build 3.1 (45). The mother’s father’s father had the
+formula 180/73.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). His weight varied from 180 to
+200 pounds. He was muscular, not fat. The Mother’s father’s mother was
+always thin and had the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). She had
+liver trouble and cancer of the face. The Mother’s mother’s father had
+cancer of the face and underwent an operation for it. His formula was
+125/65 inches; build 2.1 (30). The Mother’s mother’s mother had at 70
+years the formula 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). She grew heavier in
+middle age. The children are:
+
+1. Male, liable to tuberculosis, has at 24 years the formula 134/67.5
+inches; build 2.1 (30).
+
+2. Male, has weak lungs; has at 22 years the formula 170/67.5 inches;
+build 2.6 (37).
+
+3. Male, has at 18 years the formula 126/68 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+
+_Comment._—The children show the usual variability that arises from this
+type of mating (D:Wat.).
+
+
+Mating 2. FLESHY × HETEROZYGOUS FLESHY PARENTS.
+
+This includes matings between a heterozygous parent of fleshy build and a
+very fleshy (or fleshy) parent of fleshy stock; a back-cross to the more
+nearly dominant type.
+
+The matings of this type are as shown in table 33.
+
+
+TABLE 33.—_Matings between a probably homozygous fleshy and a
+heterozygous fleshy parent, together with the progeny of this back-cross._
+
+  +--------+---------------------------------------+---------------------+
+  |        |               Parentage.              |     Offspring.      |
+  |        +--+--+---+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+---+----+----+----+
+  |  Ref.  |  |  |   |         |  |  |   |         |  |   |    |    |    |
+  |        |FF|FM| F | Father’s|MF|MM| M | Mother’s|VS| S | M  | F  | VF |
+  |        |  |  |   |  sibs.  |  |  |   |  sibs.  |  |   |    |    |    |
+  +--------+--+--+---+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+---+----+----+----+
+  |        |  |  |   |         |  |  |   |         |  |   |    |    |    |
+  |Hud     |28|46| 45|         |38|35| 40|         |  |   |  1 |  1 |  2 |
+  |Jon 11c |29|49| 39|1VF 3F 5M|37|42| 39|2F 4M    |  |   |  1 |  8 |  1 |
+  |Pal     |F |M | 43|1S 3F 1VF|  |  | 40|         |  |   |  2 |    |  1 |
+  |Rec (a) |S |  | 40|2F       |  |  |100|2F 1S    |  |   |  1 |  2 |  3 |
+  |Rec (b) |F |S |40F|         |F |VF| 57|2VF 2F 1M|  |   |    |    |  1 |
+  |Rid     |  |F | 56|         |S |  |49±|4F 2M    |  | 1 |    |  3 |  3 |
+  |Smi     |VF|  | VF|         |M |  | 48|1F       |  | 1 |    |  3 |  3 |
+  |The 1   |30|31| F |1F 4S    |33|33| 34|2S 1M    |  |   |  3 |  4 |  3 |
+  |Wen     |46|M | 46|         |M |M | 37|2F       |  |   |  6 |    |  2 |
+  |        +--+--+---+         +--+--+---+         +--+---+----+----+----+
+  |  Total                                         |  | 2 | 14 | 21 | 19 |
+  |Proportions                                     |  |3.6|25.0|37.5|33.9|
+  +--------+--+--+---+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+---+----+----+----+
+
+                             A = 40.48 ± 0.57.
+                            S. D. 6.36 ± 0.41.
+
+These 9 matings yielded 56 children, with the following percentage
+distribution: 4 S, 25 M, 37 F, 34 VF. The 6-zygotic-factor mating 5 × 3
+(both possibilities) gives a percentage distribution of 3 S, 25 M, 43 F,
+28 VF, which approximates that found.
+
+Attention is called to the distribution of offspring in the Pal, Rid,
+Smi, and Wen families. In these families the children are of two extreme
+types; intermediates are absent. The result may be due merely to small
+numbers, but it suggests the presence of two sorts of gametes in the
+heterozygous parent and hence a tendency to segregation in the offspring.
+
+
+HUD FAMILY. (Fig. 45.)
+
+The Father’s (II 7) build is 3.2 (45); very fleshy; his father’s (I 1)
+was 2.0 (28) and his mother’s 3.2 (46). Thus the Father is heterozygous.
+The Mother’s (II 8) build is 2.8 (40). Her father’s build was 2.7 (38),
+fleshy; and her mother’s 2.5 (35); medium fleshy. The Mother’s 7 sibs
+have builds ranging between 2.5 (35) and 3.2 (46); principally fleshy to
+very fleshy. So this may be regarded as a back-cross of a heterozygous
+parent with a fleshy one of fleshy stock. Of the 4 children, 1 is
+medium-fleshy (III 11) with a build of 2.5 (36), 1 is fleshy (III 10)
+2.7 (38), and two very fleshy; build 3.2 (45); thus the build of the
+offspring is varied, but prevailing very fleshy.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 45.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the HUD family.]
+
+
+JON-11C FAMILY. (Fig. 46.)
+
+A family of Welsh extraction living chiefly in New York State and Ohio.
+The Father (II 10), a farmer, suffered in middle age from “rupture,” and
+died at 88 years from “old age,” having the formula 150/62 inches; build
+2.7 (39). Of his 9 sibs:
+
+1. Brother, died at 70 years from “dissipation,” having the formula
+175/68.5 inches; build 2.6 (36).
+
+2. Brother, who died at 53 years from “inflammation of kidneys and
+dyspepsia,” had the formula 125/63 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+
+3. Sister, who died at 68 years from Bright’s disease, 140/57 inches;
+build 3.0 (43).
+
+4. Sister, who died at 74 years from “flux,” 150/58 inches; build 3.1
+(44).
+
+5. Sister, who died at 75 years from Bright’s disease, 120/59 inches;
+build 2.4 (34).
+
+6. Sister, who died at 60 years from Bright’s disease, 118/59.5 inches;
+build 2.3 (33).
+
+7. Sister, who died at 73 years, 135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+
+8. Brother, who died from typhoid fever at 44 years, 175/68 inches; build
+2.7 (38).
+
+9. Brother, 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+Their father, a farmer, suffered in middle age from “hernia”; died of
+heart trouble at 65 years, having the formula 120/64.5 inches; build 2.0
+(29). Their mother died at 77 years from pneumonia, having the formula
+160/57 inches; build 3.5 (49).
+
+The Mother suffered from “nervousness” before marriage, then not troubled
+with it again till menopause. She died of “heart trouble, dropsy,
+paralysis, and nervousness” at 80 years, having the formula 150/62
+inches; build 2.7 (39). Of her 8 sibs:
+
+1. Brother, who died from “congestive chill,” was 67 inches in height.
+
+2. Brother, who died at 56 years from “old age,” 180/71 inches; build 2.5
+(36).
+
+3. Brother, who died at 81 years from “poor circulation” and stomach
+trouble, had the formula 170/71 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+
+4. Brother, who died from pneumonia at 45 years, 180/70 inches; build 2.6
+(37).
+
+5. Brother, who died from “kidney trouble” at 40 years, 170/70 inches;
+build 2.4 (35).
+
+6. Brother, who died at 57 years from “abscess on liver,” 160/69 inches;
+build 2.4 (34).
+
+7. Sister, who died at 25 years from “child-birth.”
+
+8. Sister, who died at 72 years from “overdose of medicine,” 165/67
+inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+Their father, a farmer and cabinet-maker all his life, died at 83 years
+from paralysis, having the formula 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37). Their
+mother, who in middle age suffered from dropsy and palsy, died at 83
+years from “old age.” Her formula was 160/62 inches; build 2.9 (42).
+
+The 10 children:
+
+1. Male, a farmer, recorded as always well, has at 66 years the formula
+165/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+2. Female, who in youth suffered from “ague, flux, erysipelas, cholera
+morbus,” has at 65 years the formula 130/59 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+3. Female, who in youth suffered from asthma, has at 63 years the formula
+150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+4. Male, a lawyer, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, and middle
+age from “acquired neurasthenia,” has at 59 years the formula 190/70
+inches; build 2.7 (39).
+
+5. Female, a school-teacher, who died at 20 years from typhoid fever, had
+the formula 120/61 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 139/61
+inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+6. Female, who suffered in youth from scarlet fever and in middle age
+from typhoid and kidney trouble, has always been “nervous,” has at 55
+years the formula 150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40).
+
+7. Male, a farmer and “shopman,” who in youth suffered from Bright’s
+disease, has at 53 years the formula 170/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+
+8. Female, who at 17 years had fever, lost her mind, has not been well
+since—“gradual mental deterioration.” At 51 years she has the formula
+170/62 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+
+9. Female, who in youth suffered from “thrush,” and in middle life from
+malarial fever and gradual mental deterioration, has at 51 years the
+formula 116/57.5 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+
+10. Female, who at 48 years has the formula 165/63 inches; build 2.9 (42).
+
+_Comment._—This is an extraordinarily valuable pedigree furnished by a
+member of the family who has taken great pains with the record. Both
+parents are of middle-fleshy build (39). The Father’s fraternity shows
+sibs: 5 medium, 4 fleshy, and 1 very fleshy. This is associated with
+semi-dwarfishness, one of the sisters being only 57 inches in stature and
+one of the brothers only 63 inches. _One of their parents is slender;
+one obese._ The Mother’s fraternity comprises 4 persons of medium
+build and 3 stout. Their _parents are both fleshy_. The “children” are
+remarkably uniform. Since they all, except one, reached the parental age,
+no “adjustment” is necessary; they can be compared directly. One is of
+medium build, 8 are stout like their parents (including the adjusted age
+of the girl who died at 20), and 1 is just over the line of being very
+stout (44), like her paternal aunt and a little less than her Father’s
+mother. Here the obesity has skipped a generation in the direct line,
+possibly because the Father was phenotypically reduced in build, perhaps
+because of his advanced age (88). This circumstance offers, however,
+no theoretical difficulty. The uniformity of the progeny favors the
+hypothesis that in this family there are only two independent factors for
+fleshy build (R: Jon-11_c_).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 46.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the JON-11C family.]
+
+
+PAL FAMILY. (Fig. 25.)
+
+A family living in a small town in good circumstances. III 9 ♂, a farmer,
+who at 67 years is 173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighs around 90 kg. or 200
+pounds; build 3.0 (43); fleshy; net relative chest-girth 120/173, or 71
+per cent. This near-obese man was slender as a boy and began to grow
+fleshy at 30 years of age. There are 5 others in his fraternity: (1)
+III 7 ♂, a physician, at 71 years is 178 cm. (70 inches) tall, weighs
+over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 2.9 (41); fleshy; relative chest-girth
+119/178, or 67 per cent. He is doubtless heterozygous for build, since,
+by a slender wife, he has 2 fleshy and 2 slender children. (2) III 8 ♀,
+married, at 69 years has stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 75 kg. (155
+pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy; relative chest-girth 107/157, or 68 per
+cent. By a man of medium build she has 1 fleshy, 1 medium, and 3 slender
+children.[10] (3) III 11 ♂, at 65 years has a stature of 175 cm. (69
+inches); weight 61 kg. (135 pounds); build 2.0 (28); slender. (4) III 5
+♂, at 62 years, stature 178 cm. (70 inches); weight 95 kg. (210 pounds);
+build 3.0 (43); fleshy. His relative chest-girth 117/178, or 66 per cent.
+As a boy he was of medium build; at about 30 years, like III 7, he began
+to grow fleshy, and is now dieting for diabetes (?). By a fleshy wife,
+whose sibs vary in build, he has 2 fleshy children and 1 of medium build.
+(5) III 12, at 59 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight
+of 102 kg. (224 pounds); build 3.6 (52); very fleshy. By a husband of
+medium build she has 1 slender and 1 medium child.[10]
+
+[10] Not shown in figure 25.
+
+The father (II 5) of this fraternity, who died at 87 years of cancer of
+the face, was fleshy. He had 5 brothers, all of whom lived to be over 80
+years of age and who all, save 1, weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds). The
+mother (II 6) of the man’s fraternity died at 64 of pneumonia; she was of
+medium build, and her 4 sibs were of medium build. Thus all her children
+were probably somewhat heterozygous, including III 9, the father of 3.
+
+III 10, the wife of III 9, is 178 cm. tall and weighs over 90 kg.; build
+2.8 (40+); fleshy.
+
+Of the 3 children: (1) IV 7 ♂ at 44 is of medium build. By a slender wife
+he had a daughter who at 22 years has a build 2.4 (34); medium build. (2)
+IV 10 ♀, at 42 years, has a stature of 163 cm. (64 inches) and weight of
+over 115 kg. (250+ pounds); build 4.3 (61+); obese. She married a slender
+man, and 1 of their 9 children, at 19 years, weighs over 90 kg. (200
+pounds). (3) IV 11 ♂ is a medium weight; he married a slender woman and
+has 4 children who are of medium build.
+
+_Comment._—A fleshy Father, who is heterozygous for build, and his fleshy
+wife (of unknown gametic composition) have 1 obese child and 2 children
+of medium build (73:704).
+
+
+REC FAMILY, A. (Fig. 47.)
+
+II 5 ♂ died at 84 years of “heart disease.” His stature was 188 cm. (74
+inches) and weight 100 kg. (220 pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy. He had
+a fleshy brother and sister. Their father was a slender man, but nothing
+is known about their mother. II 5 married II 6, who died at 58 years of
+bronchial pneumonia. Her formula, 360/60 inches; build of 7.0 (100); very
+obese. She has 1 very fleshy and 1 fleshy sister and a slender brother.
+
+This fleshy pair had 6 offspring, as follows: (1) III 2 ♀ (plate 9,
+fig. 2), build 4.0 (57), relative chest-girth, 90 per cent. She is the
+obese mother (by a fleshy, 2.8 (40), consort) of a slightly less obese
+daughter, of build 3.7 (53) (plate 9, fig. 3). (2) III 3 ♂, 170 cm. (67
+inches) tall, and weighing 91 kg. (200 pounds); build 3.1 (45); very
+fleshy. He is now at a State institution and weighs some 20 or 30 pounds
+less. (3) III 4 ♂, build about 2.4 (34); medium. (4) III 5 ♂, very
+fleshy. (5) III 6 ♂, about 183 cm. (72 inches) tall, weighs over 90 kg.
+(200 pounds); has very large shoulders and abdomen; build, say, 2.8 (40).
+(6) III 8 ♀, at 36 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight
+of 71 kg. (157 pounds); build 2.7 (38); fleshy. Her relative chest-girth
+is 52 per cent. She married a man of build 3.4 (48) and has 3 sons—2
+slender and 1 fleshy.
+
+_Comment._—The parents II 5 and II 6 were probably heterozygous, so that
+they produced 1 in 6 of medium build. Also, their children are mostly
+heterozygous. Of 8 grandchildren, 2 are slender, 2 are stout (73:714).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 47.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+REC family.]
+
+
+REC FAMILY, B. (Fig. 47.)
+
+III 1 ♂, fleshy, with a fleshy father and slender mother, married to
+III 2 ♀ (plate 9, fig. 2), who at 53 years has a stature of 150 cm.
+(59 inches) and weight of much over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 4.0
+(57); obese. Her relative chest-girth is 135/150, or 90 per cent;
+extraordinarily obese. At 16, when married, she weighed 110 pounds; build
+2.2 (32); medium. 4 of her 4 sibs and both parents are exceedingly obese
+(her mother weighs 163 kg. [360 pounds] and has a build of 7.0 [100]).
+
+The foregoing pair had 5 children, 4 of whom died young. The other, IV
+2 ♀, at 36 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of 104
+kg. (229 pounds); build 3.7 (53); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth
+is 130/168, or 77 per cent. She had at her marriage, when 23 years old
+(to a slender man), a build of 2.3 (33), medium grade. After marriage
+she increased rapidly in weight, menstruation became scant, she lost the
+sex-instinct, and is barren (plate 7, fig. 3).
+
+_Comment._—A tendency to extreme obesity runs in four generations. This
+is apparently of the adiposo-genitalis type, with sterility in the latest
+generation. Obvious dominant factors are at work here (73:714).
+
+
+RID FAMILY. (Fig. 48.)
+
+II 2 ♂ died at 54 years; short and weighed 110 kg. (240 pounds); build,
+say, 3.9 (56); very fleshy. A brother who died at 52 of apoplexy was
+fleshy, married a fleshy woman, and had a fleshy son. The mother of this
+fraternity was fleshy; about her consort’s build nothing is known, but he
+had a fleshy sister (I 1).
+
+II 3 ♀, wife of II 2, died of senility at 89; she weighed over 90 kg.
+(200 pounds). She had 7 sibs: (1) II 4 ♀ died of epilepsy, was of medium
+weight, married, and had 5 children, 4 of medium weight and 1 fleshy. (2)
+II 5 ♀ of unknown build. II 6 ♀ of medium weight, her children slender.
+II 7 ♂ weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build, say, 2.9 (41), or fleshy.
+II 8 ♂ weighed over 90 kg.; fleshy. II 9 ♂ also fleshy, like his two
+brothers. II 10 unknown. Thus of this fraternity of 6 known persons, 4
+are fleshy, 2 medium. Their father was slender; their mother “short and
+plump.”
+
+There are 7 offspring from this mating between II 2 and 3: (1) III 1
+♀, at 66 years, is bedridden from a broken hip; tall, weight 77 kg.
+(170 pounds); chest-girth 108 cm. (42 inches); build, say, 2.8 (40);
+fleshy; she was fleshy as a child of 10 years. (2) III 2 ♂, died at 60 of
+paralysis, was always slender. (3) III 3 ♂, at 62 years, is tall (say, 71
+inches) and weighs 97.5 kg. (235 pounds); build 3.3 (47); very fleshy.
+(4) III 4 ♀, at 56 years has the formula 91 kg. (200 pounds); 161 cm.
+(63.5 inches); build 3.4 (49); very fleshy; relative chest-girth 74 per
+cent. She was fleshy from the age of 16 years. (5) III 5 ♀, at 51 years,
+is very fleshy; was a slender child. (6) III 6 ♀ is fleshy. (7) III 8 ♀,
+at 35 years weighed 86 kg. (190 pounds), but now at 50 she is a helpless
+invalid and has grown slender; she was somewhat slender as a girl. Thus
+the offspring are 3 very fleshy, 2 fleshy, 1 always slender, and 1
+formerly fleshy but reduced by illness (73:727).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 48.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the RID family.]
+
+
+SMI FAMILY. (Fig. 26.)
+
+I 1 ♂ died at 72 years of acute indigestion; said to have been very
+fleshy, like his father. His wife, I 2 ♀, died at 68 years of paralysis.
+She was less than 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighed 82 kg. (180
+pounds); build 3.4 (48); very fleshy. She had 3 sibs, of whom it is known
+that 1 was fleshy; the other 2 unknown. Her father was of medium build
+and had 3 children by an earlier marriage, and of these 2 were slender
+and 1 fleshy. There were 7 children from I 1 and 2. (1) II 1, a man
+who died at 69 of pneumonia and diabetes and whose stature is 173 cm.
+(68 inches) and weight about 95 kg. (210 pounds); build 3.2 (45). (2)
+II 3 ♀ at 75 years is 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighs 82 kg. (180
+pounds); build 3.4 (48). By a stout consort she has 2 stout and 4 slender
+children. (3) II 9 ♀, married, at 74 years is 163 cm. (64 inches) tall
+and weighs 49 kg. (107 pounds); build 1.8 (26); slender. By a slender
+husband she had one slender daughter, build 1.9 (27), a slender son, and
+2 other children who died young. (4) II 5 ♀, fleshy. (5) II 6 ♀, fleshy.
+(6) II 7 ♀ said to be 157 cm. (62 inches) tall and to weigh 82 kg. (180
+pounds); build 3.3 (47); very fleshy. (7) II 4 ♂, at 55 years, fleshy.
+By a medium wife he had a son who at 26 years weighs 77 kg. (170 pounds)
+and was fleshy as a growing boy. Of the 7 children, 1 is slender, 3 are
+fleshy, and 3 very fleshy (73:736).
+
+
+THR-1 FAMILY. (Fig. 33.)
+
+A family of English and French stock living in the middle western States.
+The Father (II 8), whose occupation has been very shifting, who suffered
+from “weak lungs” at 35 years, and who died at 81 years, had in middle
+life the formula 140/72 inches; build 1.9 (27). But in answer to special
+inquiry it appears that he “took on flesh” in later years. He has to
+be recorded as fleshy. Of his 3 sisters, two are slender (both with
+cardiac hypertrophy), and 1 is of fleshy build. The fat sister had 2
+daughters who weighed over 225 pounds each. His 2 brothers are slender.
+His father (I 1), a blacksmith, died at 90 years, having the formula
+150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother, always well, died at 68 years,
+having the formula 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31); medium. This side of
+the house carries both fleshy and slender strains, some of the slender
+individuals being so, probably, through disease. Apparently the Father is
+heterozygous for fleshiness, perhaps one reason why he became fleshy late
+in life.
+
+The Mother (II 9) suffered from arthritis deformans and died at 79
+years. Her formula was 135/63 inches; build 2.4 (34). Two of her sibs
+are slender and one of medium build. Her father (I 3), who suffered
+from arthritis deformans, was confined to his chair from rheumatism the
+last 15 years, and died at 72 years, having the formula 160/70 inches,
+build 2.3 (33). Her mother, who died at 50 years, had the formula 140/65
+inches; build 2.3 (33). She had a sister (I 5) who weighed about 250
+pounds, “an enormous woman.” This side of the house is of prevailingly
+medium build but with a tendency to obesity in one line. The children are
+10 in number:
+
+1. Male (III 3), a clerk, has at 66 years the formula 150/69 inches;
+build 2.2 (32).
+
+2. Male (III 4), a physician, who has always had a rheumatic tendency
+and is liable to sciatic neuritis, at 25 years had the formula 180/68.75
+inches; build 2.7 (38). He is the Father of Thr-2 family, page 79.
+
+3. Male (III 6), a preacher, has at 69 years the formula 170/68 inches;
+build 2.6 (37). He has a daughter with a build of about 3.2 (45).
+
+4. Male (III 7), a physician, who in middle life suffered from
+inflammatory rheumatism, has at 59 years the formula 170/68 inches; build
+2.6 (37).
+
+5. Female (III 8), who died at 34 years from appendicitis, has the
+formula 225/67 inches; build 3.5 (50). She was “a big overgrown woman in
+her teens.”
+
+6. Female (III 9), married, who has a rheumatic tendency, has at 55 years
+the formula 190/64 inches; build 3.3 (46).
+
+7. Female (III 11), married, who has 9 children, suffered in middle age
+from rheumatism. At 53 years her formula was 225/67 inches; build 3.3
+(46).
+
+8. Male, a merchant, well, has at 51 years the formula 155/67 inches;
+build 2.4 (35).
+
+9. Male, a merchant, well, has at 49 years the formula 165/68.5 inches;
+build 2.5 (35).
+
+10. Male (III 14), a doctor and dentist, has at 47 years formula 180/68
+inches; build 2.7 (39). One of his daughters has a build of about 3.2
+(45).
+
+Child No. 2, a physician, writes: “Many of my relatives, both on Father’s
+and Mother’s side, were afflicted with so-called muscular rheumatism
+(cousins, uncles, and aunts), pains in the limbs and muscles (not in
+the joints); especially those of robust and fleshy build, who possessed
+extraordinary good appetites and digestion, who liked good things to eat
+and much of it; the women being good cooks and the men generally marrying
+good cooks, they always had plenty to eat (rich food) and to spare. None
+of them are users of alcohol, simply being extra-hearty eaters” (R:
+Thr-1).
+
+
+WEN FAMILY. (Fig. 49.)
+
+IV 10 is the Father; his formula is 260/74 inches; build 3.2 (46);
+very fleshy. His father (III 10) had the formula 245/73 inches; build
+3.2 (46); very fleshy. This father had a brother of just his build
+(who eventually died of tuberculosis) and a brother of formula 250/74,
+build 3.0 (43); fleshy. The Father’s father’s father (II 5) had the
+formula 200/70, build 2.9 (41); fleshy; one of his brothers was fleshy
+(38), and one very fleshy, build 3.2 (45). The latter had a very fleshy
+son. The Father’s father’s father’s father had a build of 2.9 (41) and
+a brother of the same build. These brothers of Gen. I were products
+of a first-cousin marriage. The Father’s father’s mother was a woman
+whose formula was 200/68.5 inches; build 3.0 (43); fleshy. Hence the
+Father’s father and his brother, both of build 3.2 (46), got the fleshy
+tendency from both sides of the house. The Father’s mother was a second
+cousin of the Father’s father and her line also contained many fleshy
+representatives, but she herself was of medium build. Thus the Father
+belongs to a fleshy strain, but he probably carries some non-fleshy
+gametes.
+
+IV 11 is the Mother; her formula is 160/65.5 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+fleshy; she has 2 sibs, both fleshy; her parents are of medium build;
+they have some slender grandchildren.
+
+There are 8 children, V 3 to 12, whose sex and indices of build are as
+follows: ♂ 3.6 (51), ♀ 3.1 (44), 2 ♂ ♂ 2.5 (35), 3 ♀ ♀ 2.3 (32), ♀ 2.2
+(31). Thus 2 are very fleshy and 6 are of medium build. The interval
+between the two groups is a wide one, indicating a clear genetic
+difference between them. The very fleshy brother, who weighs 265 pounds,
+was able to reduce about 60 pounds to be accepted for army service, but
+since being discharged from the army he has rebounded to his former
+weight. (A:032-25.)
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 49.—Pedigree chart showing distribution of build in
+the WEN family. (Gen I 1 should be square ruled, indicating fleshiness).]
+
+
+SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION.
+
+In a simple monohybrid with complete dominance the back-cross upon the
+recessive gives 50 per cent of the heterozygous dominant and 50 per cent
+of the recessive allelomorph. In a monohybrid with imperfect dominance
+the back-cross upon the recessive gives 50 per cent of the intermediate
+and 50 per cent of the recessive. Where 2 or 3 multiple factors are
+present and the heterozygote is nearly intermediate but shows a slight
+tendency toward imperfect dominance, we may expect an approximation to
+a symmetrical distribution of grades about the intermediate condition,
+with a skewness toward the recessive condition. That is what is got
+in both parts of table 32. This result supports the conclusion that
+there is segregation in the gametes of the heterozygous parent, so
+that the progeny tend prevailingly to fall again into the slender and
+medium-fleshy grandparental types. The results of table 33 similarly
+support the conclusion of segregation in the gametes of the heterozygous
+fleshy parent.
+
+
+
+
+C. GENERAL DISCUSSION.
+
+
+HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT IN BUILD.
+
+That a tendency to slenderness or fleshiness of build “runs in families”
+and characterizes different races is a matter of common observation. But
+this fact is far from satisfying the clinician that heredity plays any
+part in this result. Thus, von Noorden, who occupies a leading position
+among Teutonic investigators of metabolism in general and obesity in
+particular, denies the importance of an hereditary anomaly of metabolism
+in different families and races. Rejecting “anomaly of metabolism” or
+“peculiarity of protoplasmic metabolism,” he stresses “inheritance” of
+habits of life that favor obesity, the quantity and quality of food,
+and the ideals of bodily activity. For example, the Eskimo are fat
+because they eat blubber and huddle in narrow spaces, undergoing little
+movement throughout the long, dark winters. It is true that von Noorden
+speaks somewhat guardedly; he recognizes exceptions; suggests a possible
+hereditary hypofunction of the thyroid. But clearly constitutional
+peculiarities are, for him, exceptional as causes of overweight, and here
+is where he fails to recognize sufficiently the fact that usually only
+particular individuals of a fraternity are fleshy; the others may be
+slender.
+
+But besides anomalies of protoplasm and family traditions of feeding,
+there are obviously other possibilities. It is well known that different
+varieties of cattle differ greatly in their capacity for fattening.
+Armsby and Fries (1911) have inquired into the influence of type upon
+the fattening of cattle. They used a pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus steer and
+a “scrub,” part Jersey, steer for comparison. As is well known, the
+former belongs to the easily fattening beef type; the Jersey to the
+difficultly fattening milk type. During over 2½ years, beginning at under
+1 year of age, these steers were under nearly continuous observations.
+They were fed on ordinary growing rations, the same for each steer. The
+digestibility of the total ration was determined at intervals; four tests
+were made of each animal in the respiration calorimeter to determine the
+percentage availability of the energy of the feeds consumed by each. The
+results were as follows: Analysis of feces and urine failed to show any
+difference in percentage digestibility of the food by the two animals,
+and calorimeter tests failed to show any difference in the proportion
+of the food-energy which was being metabolized. But the two animals did
+not metabolize in the same way. Thus, in the scrub, a larger proportion
+of the gain made was of protein than in the case of the beef steer; and,
+conversely, the gain of the beef steer was more largely fat than in the
+case of the scrub. Reduced to common weight, the energy requirement for
+maintenance of the scrub steer was nearly 19 per cent greater than for
+the beef steer. Since the beef steer would eat more than the scrub and
+tended to store fat rather than protein, the greater tendency of the beef
+steer to fatten received a biochemical explanation. The results seem to
+show a difference between the two varieties in the working over of the
+assimilated materials.
+
+Indeed, it is easily appreciated that steers of the beef and dairy types
+of cattle should metabolize differently when we consider the marked
+difference in the milk production of the cows of these two types. The
+cow of the highest dairy type is capable of manufacturing 20 kilograms
+of milk containing 1.2 kilograms of butter fat in one day, or 6 per cent
+(Bailey, Encl. Am. Agric., III, 365). The cow of the meat type, of larger
+size, produces up to 30 kilograms of milk, and this contains, perhaps,
+1.3 kilograms of butter fat per day, or only 4.3 per cent (Sinclair,
+1904, p. 740-42). There is here, obviously, a difference in the metabolic
+processes in the cows and this is reflected in the steers also.[11] There
+is an internal biochemical difference as well as a difference in the
+feeding instinct. The latter is not merely a matter of family tradition,
+of the family economics or mores; it is a physiological phenomenon as
+much as internal metabolism.
+
+[11] I am indebted to Mrs. C. D. Walcott for calling my attention to this
+point.
+
+Indeed, even von Noorden (1907, III, p. 700) seems to be forced to this
+conclusion by cases of failure to reduce weight at a diet far below that
+which appears to be essential to maintenance. Thus a man of 39 years, who
+exercised freely in the open air, had a weight of 102 kg. For 3 months
+his diet never exceeded 1,720 calories (estimated at 1,000 calories short
+of normal requirements) and at the end of this period he weighed 101 kg.
+
+That a relation between ingested food and activity is not the entire
+explanation of obesity is recognized by medical men of experience.
+Heckel (1920, p. 371), referring to recurrent obesity, remarks on its
+frequency and says: To constitute an obesity there must be organic
+and hereditary tendencies: “Ne devient pas obèse qui veut.” “Aussi la
+guérison accidentelle ou thérapeutique d’une obésité n’indique-t-elle pas
+la disparition définitive des tendances personelles ou congénitale.”
+
+Gulick (1922) has lately undertaken experiments to throw light on the
+question why some persons fatten easily and some with difficulty. He
+had noted that he himself belongs to a non-fattening strain and that
+his inclination toward a very copious diet of predominantly starchy
+nature did not lead him to put on weight, even though his round of
+activity was moderate. So he undertook biochemical, nutritional studies
+on himself. His observation covered nearly 21 months. During part of
+this time his caloric intake was low, 1,875 to 2,780; during another
+part high, 3,400 to 4,100. He found that he fattened somewhat during
+the period of heaviest feeding. There was, however, always an excess of
+intake over predictable need, and this excess increased absolutely and
+probably even relatively as the intake increased. The fecal nitrogen was
+2½ to 3½ times greater during over-feeding than under-feeding. The basal
+metabolism during maximum feeding was normal. Gulick concludes that a
+person belonging to the difficultly fattening type shows a wasteful rate
+of oxidation, whether under or over fed, but especially at the latter
+time. “It seems clear,” concludes Gulick, “that throughout the entire
+experimental series there was some factor at work which caused fuel food
+to be burned more freely than in the average individual. This factor was
+not an over-active thyroid, as attested by the entirely normal basal
+metabolism.” Gulick concludes that it was “some factor in the chemistry
+of nutrition” which caused extravagance. This he thinks may very possibly
+be comparable to the “secondary effect” of protein enrichment, which,
+according to Rubner, can raise the specific dynamic action of the food
+without raising the basal rate. It is also possible, he says, that the
+spare type may be accounted for by any factor that produces a high “cost
+of digestion,” just as the obese may be supposed to suffer from an
+abnormally low “cost of digestion” (von Noorden).
+
+Whatever the fundamental cause may be, the fact remains that in certain
+families there is a widespread inclination to the production of slender
+individuals, while in other fraternities certain proportions (though
+usually not all) of any fraternity are fleshy or even obese. Perhaps,
+as in the case of the Jersey as contrasted with the beef steer, the
+two kinds of individuals do not metabolize their food in the same way;
+some are spare and muscular, others lay on fat. In any case we can not
+disregard the constitutional factors in build.
+
+Looking at the matter broadly, we can see that no other theory than that
+constitutional differences as well as nutritional differences determine
+build is sufficient to meet all the facts. In other species of animals we
+have precisely the same kind of differences between hereditary strains of
+slender and stout build that we have among humans. Thus, among dogs, the
+slender greyhound or Dachshund and the robust “Chow”; among horses the
+Thoroughbred and the stocky Percheron; among swine the “razor-back” and
+the Berkshire; among poultry the slender Leghorn and the stocky Cochin.
+Slender and stocky as racial traits appear quite as white and black do
+and they doubtless have similarly a genetic basis.
+
+A careful study of the families described in this paper must convince
+anyone, it seems to me, of the importance of the genetic factors. The
+Fun. family is of a wholly different type from the Thr-1 family. Even
+if the latter eat more, it is because of a constitutional urge like the
+constitutional urge that leads the Aberdeen-Angus steer to eat more
+than the Jersey steer. Very probably the Fun. family metabolizes in a
+different way from the Thr-1 family, building more protein and less fat.
+
+In other cases it is not the whole fraternity that is fleshy or slender.
+This is well illustrated by the Wen. family, where 2 of 8 of the main
+fraternity are very fleshy and all the others of medium build. We have
+here to do not merely with a family habit of eating, but a differential
+constitution that provides one-quarter of the children with a large
+appetite that leads them to eat heavily and manufacture fat and provides
+three-quarters of them with a small appetite that leads them to eat
+lightly and to manufacture protein instead of fat. Constitutional
+differences in the appetite and method of metabolism are the essential
+factors; and these are the things that are inherited. Only on such
+an hypothesis can we account for the clear evidence presented of
+constitutional factors in build—not always one only, but sometimes three
+or more acting together to produce the end result of obesity.
+
+A scientific man, interested in nutrition, who has a build of 3.6 (51)
+himself and one of whose sisters has a build of 3.1 (44), whereas his 4
+other sibs have builds of 2.5 to 2.1 (35 to 30), writes that his brother
+(of medium build, but about 75 inches tall) consumes daily about 2,700
+calories; he himself and his fleshy sister about 2,500, and the others
+of his fraternity, who are of medium build, 2,000 to 1,800. He is a
+professional man, who does a good deal of office or laboratory work. He
+drinks about 3 to 4 quarts of water per day. His son, who is nearly 11
+years of age, weighs just over 120 pounds, is 63 inches tall, and fairly
+fleshy. Though he is active, “never still a minute,” yet he has to be
+urged to eat, willingly misses a meal, and uniformly declines a second
+helping; “he eats much less than his 6-year-old cousins, who are actually
+under size for their age; he has never been a heavy eater from the time
+he was weaned.” This boy, the son of a very fleshy man, seems to afford
+an example of the easily fattening type in whom the slight excess of
+calories produces a striking result in build.
+
+
+ENDOCRINE GLANDS AS LINKS BETWEEN CHROMOSOMES AND SOMATIC QUALITIES.
+
+When it is concluded that there are constitutional, genetic factors for
+build, the validity of this conclusion is not weakened by the known rôle
+of endocrine glands on metabolism and build. Thus the experiments of
+recent years have emphasized the importance of the rôle that the thyroid
+gland plays in growth and development. As Uhlenhuth (1922, p. 182) says:
+“The ontogenetic development of the individual is controlled by the
+thyroid hormone.” Since in cretins the thyroid functions imperfectly or
+not at all, the differences between the development of a normal child and
+that of a cretin are supposed to indicate the scope of the control by the
+thyroid hormone. In the cretin, growth is slowed up almost to cessation.
+In the long bones the centers of ossification develop slowly. “The
+epiphyses may be absent many years after they are due to appear and their
+union with the shafts of the long bones indefinitely delayed. Periosteal
+as well as endochondral bone formation may be greatly reduced and
+delayed. The cranial bones are thin, poorly ossified, and osteoporotic:
+mottling is sometimes evident ontogenologically.”... Incomplete closure
+of the fontanelles is very common (Janney, 1922, pp. 391, 392). The
+genito-urinary system is undeveloped; the external genitalia remain
+infantile. The brain shows defective convolutions and all parts of the
+central nervous system show deficient development. Owing to the fact
+that the long bones of the leg develop imperfectly, while the chest may
+continue to enlarge, the build of the cretin is usually large for his
+age. Thus, in general, the specific metabolic changes are retarded. When
+the thyroid functions imperfectly after maturity the victim puts on fat.
+The fat is usually distributed nearly uniformly under all parts of the
+skin. One of Janney’s cases weighed 212 pounds at 12 years. Some degree
+of hypothyroidism is doubtless responsible for many of the “very fleshy”
+persons referred to in the preceding pages. The frequent recurrence of
+obesity in a family is in accordance with the tendency for hypothyroidism
+to recur in different members of a family; a tendency shown remarkably in
+Barrett’s (1919) family.
+
+The hypophysis, especially its anterior lobe, is believed to exercise an
+important control over differential metabolism and the resulting form.
+The results of hyperfunctioning of the gland are very different from
+those of hyperfunctioning of the thyroid. An extraordinary enlargement
+of certain parts of the skeleton, especially of the base of the skull,
+the hands, the feet, and the ribs, occurs. There is, indeed, in growing
+persons a tendency to the production of giants. In the underfunctioning
+of the hypophysis before puberty an extraordinary obesity is apt to
+appear, known as dystrophic adiposo-genitalis; because, the more
+the fat increases in amount the more the external genitalia appear
+under-developed—infantile. The obesity frequently affects the region
+of the pelvis only or chiefly, though the thighs also may be involved.
+Disfunctioning of the pituitary in later years is believed, likewise,
+to induce obesity. Of this disfunctioning there are, doubtless, all
+degrees corresponding to the variety of grades of obesity. Thus a second
+factor of obesity must be recognized; and this also “runs in families”—is
+hereditary.
+
+The other endocrine factors in obesity are less precisely known. It is
+believed that the interstitial cells of the gonads secrete hormones that
+regulate, especially inhibit, the production of fat. This is inferred by
+the frequent tendency of women after the menopause to grow fat and of
+eunuchs (of one type, at any rate) to become fleshy. Also, the secretions
+of the islands of Langerhans of the pancreas are known to influence
+carbohydrate metabolism, so that when they do not function properly sugar
+is eliminated unchanged in the urine, and “diabetes,” usually accompanied
+by fleshiness in its early stages, ensues. Of course, it can not be
+stated that pancreatic insufficiency is responsible for the prediabetic
+obesity; but the relation of the two phenomena is undeniably close.
+
+Thus there come clearly to view two links in the chain of causes
+connecting chromosomal factors (such as are present in “Mendelian”
+heredity), on the one hand, and build, on the other. First, two or
+more of the endocrine glands play a great rôle in metabolism and when
+disturbed usually result in an abnormal build; and, secondly, just the
+condition of endocrine disfunctioning is an hereditary one and seems to
+depend on the condition of the enzymes or catalyzers that must be in the
+chromosomes.
+
+That other constitutional conditions than those of the larger endocrine
+glands may play an important rôle in metabolism can not be denied;
+probably the quality of the protoplasm of every active cell influences
+the bodily metabolism; but the endocrine glands proper seem, as it were,
+to be told off for this specific purpose, and thus peculiarities in their
+functioning lead to striking results.
+
+
+EVIDENCE OF SEGREGATION IN THE HEREDITY OF BUILD.
+
+The best single criterion of Mendelism in any hereditary distribution is
+segregation. If there is sufficient evidence of segregation in our study
+of build, then we are justified in concluding that build is inherited
+in “Mendelian fashion.” There have been several occasions to refer to
+evidence of segregation in this work; some of this evidence may be
+brought together here and other added.
+
+1. The difference in variability of the progeny of different matings. The
+offspring of slender parents are least variable, of fleshy parents most.
+This is evidence that the fleshy parents carry gametes for slenderness
+and thus that condition reappears in the offspring; but slender parents
+rarely carry gametes for fleshiness (p. 56).
+
+2. As a corollary of the above, regression takes place in the progeny
+of fleshy parents to a markedly greater degree than in the progeny of
+slender parents (p. 39).
+
+3. The progeny of heterozygous parents are significantly more variable
+than the progeny of parents belonging respectively to slender and to
+fleshy stock. This is evidence that the heterozygous parents carry a
+greater variety of gametes than those of “purer stock.”
+
+4. In different matings of the same type the variability of the progeny
+differs; apparently, because some parents belong to a special biotype and
+others simulate the biotype merely through heterozygosity. Thus, if the M
+× M mating be considered (table X), one finds some families characterized
+by slight variability of the offspring. The indices of build (English) in
+such families are given in table 34.
+
+
+TABLE 34.—_Indices of build of the progeny of M × M matings, in which the
+parents belong to the M biotype._
+
+  +------------+---------------------------------------+------+------+
+  |Reference.  |Indices of build of children.          |Mid   |Total |
+  |            |                                       |range.|range.|
+  +------------+---------------------------------------+------+------+
+  |Bat 2       |32, 33, 33, 35                         | 33.5 |   3  |
+  |Bea 7       |31, 32, 32, 34                         | 32.5 |   3  |
+  |Dic 4       |29, 31, 32, 33                         | 32   |   4  |
+  |Kel 4a      |31, 32, M, M, M, 34                    | 32.5 |   3  |
+  |Old 2       |33, 33, 33, 35                         | 34   |   2  |
+  |Rig 1       |30, 32, 32, 34                         | 32   |   4  |
+  |War 3       |30, 30, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32, 33, 33, 36 | 33   |   6  |
+  +------------+---------------------------------------+------+------+
+
+The slight fluctuation in build of progeny of table 34 is obvious. The
+modal index of the progeny is close to 33. On the other hand, there are
+matings of this type which show a much greater variability. These are
+listed in table 35.
+
+
+TABLE 35.—_Indices of build of the progeny of M × M matings in which the
+parents are probably heterozygous._
+
+  +------------+------------------------------------------+------+------+
+  |Reference.  |Indices of build of children.             |Mid   |Total |
+  |            |                                          |range.|range.|
+  +------------+------------------------------------------+------+------+
+  |Cas 4       |32, 34, 34, 37, 41, 43                    | 37.5 |  11  |
+  |Coo 5       |31, 33, 35, 36, 36, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 41| 36   |  10  |
+  |Eat A       |33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 38, 38, 42            | 37.5 |   9  |
+  |Fis 2       |33, 35, 37, 37, 37, 39, 40                | 36.5 |   7  |
+  |Ill 1       |33, 34, 35, 35, 37, 37, 38, 39            | 36   |   6  |
+  |Mar 22      |31, 32, 33, 36, 36, 40                    | 35.5 |   9  |
+  |Mer 8       |33, 36, 37, 40, 41                        | 37   |   8  |
+  |Nes 1       |32, 33, 33, 37, 41, 51                    | 41.5 |  19  |
+  |Tet A       |30, 30, 36, 41, 43, 49, 49                | 39.5 |   1  |
+  |Rup 1       |30, 30, 31, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40            | 35   |  10  |
+  |Smi 33      |31, 31, 32, 36, 36, 36, 36, 37            | 34   |   6  |
+  |Sto 13      |33, 34, 36, 38, 38, 38                    | 35.5 |   5  |
+  |A 01:29     |29, 39, 41                                | 35   |  12  |
+  +------------+------------------------------------------+------+------+
+
+These series of progeny fluctuate in build around 36. It seems probable
+that the variable progeny are the offspring of heterozygous parents, but
+this can rarely be proved, since the build of the grandparents is not
+often available in the present series.
+
+That there are really at least two kinds of matings of the M × M type is
+shown more conclusively by figure 50, in which two modes, at 33 and 36,
+respectively, are clearly seen. The conclusion seems to be justified that
+the mode at 33 is that of progeny derived from the M biotype and the mode
+at 36 is that of the progeny of heterozygous M parents. The existence of
+these two modes in figure 50 is thus evidence of segregation.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 50.—Polygon of distribution of offspring of M × M
+matings (from Appendix table X) for males, females, and sexes combined.
+Abscissæ: index of build, English system. Ordinates: absolute frequencies
+for males and females and their half sum for the sexes combined.]
+
+Additional evidence is found in other matings, likewise. Thus the M ×
+F mating shows two modes, at 33 and at 36 (fig. 51). There is also one
+other, possibly significant, mode, namely, at 38, in the fleshy group.
+Since F parents are sometimes homozygous, mating with M would tend to
+produce medium-fleshy progeny (i. e., 36). The F parents are, however,
+frequently heterozygous, containing both slender, medium, fleshy, and
+even very fleshy gametes; and, accordingly, we should expect somatic
+segregations at about the points 30, 33, 36, and 38 as centers, just
+where we find them.
+
+Again, the S × M mating yields (fig. 52) modes at 32 and 35 respectively,
+a shade lower than those of the M × M or M × F matings; but the male
+offspring (taken alone) gives modes at 33 and 35. Where the mode is at
+33 it is probable that an S and an M gamete have met; and this condition
+is relatively common just because M gametes are common. The mode at 35
+may arise from an F gamete carried in a heterozygous M uniting with an S
+gamete. The S gamete carried in heterozygous M may be responsible for a
+probable mode which is hidden in the form of a hump at 28 in figure 52.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 51.—Polygon of distribution of offspring of M × F
+matings (from Appendix table XI), sexes separate and combined. See also
+legend of fig. 50.]
+
+Attention is called to the probable influence of these modes on the two
+modes shown in figure 7, at 33 and 35 respectively. These two modes are
+strong evidence for a segregation in the factors for build. Thus the
+very irregularity of the polygon of figure 7 is evidence of the presence
+of segregating factors for build. Moreover, these two modes appear at
+every age from birth to maturity, as is clearly shown in figure 53.
+This bimodality is easily accounted for on genetical grounds, but is
+inexplicable upon the bare nutritional hypothesis of build.
+
+
+ON THE NUMBER OF FACTORS INVOLVED IN FLESHY BUILD.
+
+It is by no means an easy matter to determine the number of independent
+factors which are active in the case of a trait that is due to multiple
+factors. This matter is still less easy if there is only very imperfect
+dominance approaching intermediacy of the trait in the progeny of the
+F₁ mating. Yet that is the situation that has to be met in the study of
+heredity of build.
+
+An attempt has been made in this paper to test the relative probability
+that there are only two, on the one hand, or three or more independent
+factors, on the other, involved. We have seen, in each of the various
+matings, that the result is, on the whole, more closely in accord with
+the 3-factor hypothesis than that of 2 factors. But this is not to insist
+that never more than 3 independent factors are involved in build, or
+never less than 3.
+
+An attempt was made to apply Dr. Sewall Wright’s formula (Castle, 1922,
+p. 22). Using the data of tables 12, 27, and 31, the value for _n_ (the
+number of factors) was calculated by the formula
+
+                          _N_ = _D_² / 8(σ₂²-σ₁²)
+
+where _D_ is the difference between the means of parental pure races, σ₁
+is the standard deviation of F₁ and σ₂ is standard deviation of F₂.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 52.—Polygon of distribution of frequencies of build
+of offspring of S × M matings (from Appendix table VII), sexes separate
+and combined. See also legend to fig. 50.]
+
+Substitution for the letters of their values given _n_ = (39.20-28.50)²
+÷8[(6.78)²-(5.02)²] = 0.69. We can only conclude that, owing to small
+numbers, this formula is not applicable here.
+
+Returning, then, to our conclusion that the assumption of at least
+3 gametic factors for some, probably most, cases of build accords
+best with the results of the various matings, we may inquire what
+is the nature of these factors. It seems probable that two of them
+may correspond to dystrophies of the pituitary and thyroid glands
+respectively and the other or others to other regulatory mechanisms
+of metabolism in the organism. It may well be that one of our factors
+is the same as that which causes hypothyroidism; another as that which
+causes hypopituitarism, and the third that which inhibits the normal
+development of the genitalia, such as we see functioning in dystrophia
+adiposo-genitalis. This is, indeed, speculation. However, the speculation
+is an attempt to give a concrete form to the ideas of multiple factors in
+build.
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 53.—Solid figure (model) giving distribution of
+relative chest-girth for various ages from birth to 20 years, reading
+from left to right. The mean index of build at each age is centered on
+the curve of development of relative chest-girth. The relative chest
+girth is indicated in percentages passing from the bottom to the top of
+the figure. The solid figure is illuminated from the upper part of the
+page.]
+
+If we assume three independent factors for build, it does not follow that
+these are present in all families. Just as it has been demonstrated that
+in different strains of mice there are in some cases 3, in others only 2
+factors for susceptibility to cancer, so, apparently, it is with build.
+In certain families the distribution of build in the progeny is best
+accounted for on the hypothesis that, in such families, there are only
+two gametic factors for build. In other families there appears to be only
+one gametic factor for build.
+
+It has been repeatedly pointed out that in many cases where multiple
+factors are invoked to explain the genetical results, the results can
+be equally well explained on the theory of blended inheritance. The
+advantage of the factorial theory is that it brings under one type
+of heredity even these most difficult cases of apparently blending
+inheritance. More than that, however, the theory of multiple factors
+explains a number of phenomena that the theory of blending inheritance
+does not, such as the greater variability of the F₂ as contrasted with
+the F₁ generation, and the skewness in distribution of progeny in the
+back-cross. Thus an F × S mating should produce a “medium” progeny with
+symmetrical distribution of deviating types on the theory of blending
+inheritance; actually it produces not only mediums, but an excess of
+fleshy over slender, which is readily accounted for on the hypothesis
+that fleshiness is partially dominant over slenderness. In this and
+other ways, especially in focussing attention on gametes, the doctrine
+of multiple factors is essential to an adequate interpretation of the
+results of mating between persons of dissimilar build.
+
+
+
+
+D. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS.
+
+
+1. Two types of variation in build are to be distinguished: (1) the
+change in average build that accompanies ontogeny and (2) variations in
+adult build.
+
+2. The popular idea of build is best expressed as the ratio of transverse
+chest diameter to stature, or (since the chest diameter is rarely
+known) chest-girth to stature. When only weight and stature are known,
+the closest approximation to the chest÷stature ratio is given by the
+weight÷(stature)² ratio, and this is taken as the standard index of build.
+
+3. The correlation between the standard index of build and the relative
+chest-girth is, for males, about 0.45.
+
+4. The index of build of adult males is slightly greater than of females,
+because of the relatively greater chest-girth of males. The average index
+of build for males is 2.52 (35.8) and for females 2.43 (34.5).
+
+5. There are marked racial differences in build; but they are not so
+great as the differences in ontogenetic stages.
+
+6. There are geographical differences in build; the heavy build of
+northern peoples may be due to a physiological reaction or, in part, to a
+selective survival of the fleshier individuals or strains.
+
+7. The ontogenetic curve of build, expressed by relative chest-girth, is
+expressed by figure 1 and (for infancy) figure 2. It shows that at birth
+chest-girth is about two-thirds of stature and diminishes in the male to
+the age of 12 years; thereafter, on the average, it rises to complete
+maturity.
+
+8. Build declines temporarily during the first month of life, owing to
+the physiological difficulties attending adjustment to new conditions.
+It declines temporarily, again, at about 8 months, probably due to the
+cutting of the incisor teeth.
+
+9. The heavy build of the infant corresponds to that of the short-legged
+anthropoids. The long-legged, slender-build stage of the boy of 12 years
+persists in the Nilotic negroes and many low-grade feeble-minded.
+
+10. In adult life the changes in build vary with families. In those
+characterized by slender build there is typically little change. In those
+characterized by fleshy build there is typically progressive increase
+in weight to 50 years. In some families weight fluctuates greatly at
+different periods of adult life. In general, though with numerous
+exceptions, a fleshy adult build is foreshadowed in plump build in
+childhood.
+
+11. Mass studies on adult build give a polygon of distribution which is
+skew, the mode being toward the slenderer end of the polygon. There is
+evidence of more than one mode, and hence that there are two or more
+types of build. For purposes of description five classes of build are
+recognized—very slender, slender, medium, fleshy, and very fleshy.
+
+12. The diseases associated with very slender and slender build are:
+tuberculosis, pneumonia, “nervousness,” melancholia. The diseases
+associated with very fleshy or fleshy build are: diabetes, nephritis and
+dropsy, apoplexy, and arterio-sclerosis and paralysis accompanying it;
+also numerous diseases of the alimentary tract.
+
+13. Fleshy parents have, on the average, in our data, larger families
+than slender parents.
+
+14. Regression toward mediocrity is less striking in the offspring of
+slender than of fleshy parents, suggesting that fleshy parents carry not
+only genes for fleshiness but also for slenderness, while slender parents
+more rarely carry genes for fleshiness.
+
+15. The offspring of two fleshy parents are twice as variable as those of
+slender parents.
+
+16. The hypothesis is indicated that genetically build is controlled
+by multiple factors, with fleshiness tending slightly to dominate over
+slenderness.
+
+17. There is a marked tendency for persons of similar build (or with
+potentialities for such) to intermarry. Dissimilar builds are selected
+against.
+
+18. Two slender parents of slender stock have rarely any progeny whose
+index of build exceeds 2.2, or just above the upper limit of the slender
+group. In general, the progeny of slender parents are relatively slightly
+variable.
+
+19. The slender parents are apparently of two kinds: those carrying
+only one kind of factor for fleshy build and the other two such gametic
+factors. The progeny of the former are very slightly variable; those of
+the latter more variable.
+
+20. By comparing coefficients of variability instead of indices, and
+by making allowance for the greater range of the fleshy class than the
+slender class, it still appears that the progeny of fleshy parents are
+relatively and per unit range more variable than the progeny of slender
+parents. Absolutely the offspring of the fleshy parents are, as stated,
+twice as variable as of slender parents.
+
+21. The matings of slender parents and fleshy parents of fleshy stock
+yield a variable progeny, such as is typically found in the F₁ generation
+when multiple factors are concerned. The variability is between that of
+the progeny of slender matings and that of the progeny of fleshy matings.
+
+22. The F₁ generation has not a mode of build that is intermediate
+between that of the parental stocks, but one that is about the same as of
+the fleshy matings. This is evidence of partial dominance of fleshiness.
+
+23. The mating of two heterozygous (F₁) parents produces, in general, an
+exceptionally variable progeny. This is one of the strongest evidences of
+the presence of genetical factors in build.
+
+24. Many, if not most, parents of medium build belong to biotypes with 1
+or 2 independent factors for build. Consequently the progeny of medium ×
+medium matings is often strikingly invariable.
+
+25. The “back-cross” of a heterozygous parent with a slender parent, on
+the one hand, or with a fleshy parent of fleshy stock, on the other,
+gives a variable progeny, whose mode is shifted toward fleshiness; but
+which shows a tendency to fall again into the slender (or fleshy) and
+medium-fleshy grandparental types.
+
+26. Variations in build are not to be accounted for merely by variations
+in intake and out-go of calories, but also by the endogenous factors that
+determine the “economy of nutrition” or the cost in energy of adding
+an additional kilogram of weight to the body. The factors involved in
+producing differences in these respects are hereditary factors.
+
+27. The hereditary factors probably work through the intermediacy of
+special organs that influence metabolism, notably the endocrine glands.
+The latter thus intermediate between the chromosomal constitution, on the
+one hand, and control of metabolic processes, on the other.
+
+28. The number of factors involved in very fleshy build is, in some cases
+at least, three independent ones. But the number is probably not the same
+in all biotypes. Probably in some there is only one, in others four or
+more.
+
+29. The factors probably influence the functioning of the thyroid,
+pituitary, and perhaps other glands.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+I-XV. Tables of matings and progeny based on the original family
+histories.
+
+XVI. Indices of build, weight ÷ (stature)², for weights from 100 to 225
+pounds and 45.4 to 102 kg.; statures from 55 to 78 inches and 140 to 198
+cm.
+
+XVII. Equivalent values of index of build by four different systems of
+ratios between weight and stature, English system.
+
+XVIII. To transmute the English system of index of build to the metric
+system.
+
+
+ABBREVIATIONS.
+
+In top line of tables: F, father; M, mother; FF, father’s father; FM,
+father’s mother, etc.
+
+In body of tables: ca, cancer; E, epilepsy; F, fleshy; hf, heart failure;
+I, insane; M-D, mania-depressive insanity; M, medium build; S, slender;
+su, suicide; t, tuberculosis; V, very (slender, etc.); yg, young; † or d,
+died; * refers to special families not included in the construction of
+figure 7, or tables 11 and 12.
+
+
+TABLE I.—_Very slender × very slender matings and their progeny._
+
+This mating is not represented in our data. This table is nevertheless
+indicated and numbered in order to secure the proper ordinal position of
+the following tables.
+
+
+TABLE II.—_Slender × very slender matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Cod 1      |26            |26            |
+  |*Fun       |29            |28            |
+  |Jos 1      |39            |32            |
+  |*Leo       |VS S S        |27 S          |
+  |Nob 1[12]  |25            |26 23         |
+  |*Pal[13]   |              |43 VS[13]     |
+  |Sch 37     |31 27         |30 29         |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Cod 1      |29 |35 |33 |              |25 |30 |30 |              |
+  |*Fun       |27 |27 |29 |26 27 29      |25 |32 |27 |27 31 31      |
+  |Jos 1      |24 |   |   |              |27 |   |   |              |
+  |*Leo       |VS |   |   |              |S  |   |   |2 S           |
+  |Nob 1[12]  |26 |M  |M  |              |24 |M  |M  |              |
+  |*Pal[13]   |S  |M  |F  |S F           |VS |M  |M  |              |
+  |Sch 37     |29 |29 |33±|              |25 |27±|29t|              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+        Average build of parents (excluding families with *) 26.13
+                       Number of matings: 4 + 3* = 7
+                   Total number of progeny: 11 + 9* = 20
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F
+  Classification of progeny            4   12    2    2
+  Proportional frequency per mille   200  600  100  100
+
+[12] Four adolescents are all below standard weight but 1, who is 5
+pounds above.
+
+[13] An invalid.
+
+
+TABLE III.—_Very slender × medium matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Ach 2      |              |27 33 31      |
+  |Bic 1[14]  |              |29 33 32      |
+  |Gay 3      |32            |36            |
+  |Gru 1[15]  |              |30 33         |
+  |Hil 8[16]  |34            |31            |
+  |Ise 2      |28 36 34 33 32|31 30         |
+  |Mil A      |43 37         |33 22 31 42   |
+  |Wit 2[17]  |33 29t        |26            |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Ach 2      |32 |32 |33 |              |25 |32 |27 |              |
+  |Bic 1[14]  |34 |29 |35 |              |25 |M  |VS |t, t, t, t    |
+  |Gay 3      |35 |   |t  |I             |24 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Gru 1[15]  |31 |M  |M  |t             |24 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Hil 8[16]  |34 |   |33 |              |23 |28 |   |              |
+  |Ise 2      |31 |26 |31 |              |23 |31 |27 |              |
+  |Mil A      |36 |39 |28 |S M F F F F   |22 |35 |30 |              |
+  |Wit 2[17]  |33 |26 |M  |              |22 |M  |t  |t, t          |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+                      Average build of parents, 28.38
+                        Total number of matings, 8
+                        Total number of progeny, 28
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F
+  Classification of progeny            1    7   17    3
+  Proportional frequency per mille    36  250  607  107
+
+[14] F died, 39 years, pulmonary tuberculosis. M liable to tuberculosis
+of throat and lungs.
+
+[15] Female, 13 years, has already the build of her next older sister
+(33?).
+
+[16] F died, 39 years, tuberculosis.
+
+[17] FM died, tuberculosis. M insane and tuberculous in middle life:
+died, 51 years.
+
+
+TABLE IV.—_Very slender × fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Hol A      |32 40 34 33 27|46 34 25 29   |
+  |Kut 1[18]  |              |35            |
+  |Law A      |41            |30 28 35      |
+  |Olm A      |43 51 41 32 37|40            |
+  |Wat 5[19]  |38            |27 33 32 33   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Hol A      |39 |   |   |              |23 |   |   |              |
+  |Kut 1[18]  |43 |M  |S  |              |24 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Law A      |43 |34 |   |              |24 |35 |   |F M S M F     |
+  |Olm A      |38 |38 |34 |F             |24 |34 |28 |M F           |
+  |Wat 5[19]  |37 |   |   |              |25 |   |S  |4 S           |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+                      Average build of parents, 32.00
+                           Number of matings, 5
+                        Total number of progeny, 25
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny            1    5   10    7    2
+  Proportional frequency per mille    40  200  400  280   80
+
+[18] Tendency to tuberculosis on maternal side.
+
+[19] FF had one sister who had at least three F children. Apparently
+there is an F strain on Father’s side. MF had two sibs who were large and
+tall. MM had both S and F close relatives; one sister was S.
+
+
+TABLE V.—_Very slender × very fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+There is only one example of this mating described at page 97.
+
+
+TABLE VI.—_Slender × slender matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Ada 4      |28 27         |              |
+  |Bec 9      |30            |31            |
+  |Fel 1[20]  |27            |              |
+  |Hay 4[21]  |29            |27            |
+  |Hay 12[22] |32 27         |M S           |
+  |Hen 12     |32 28±        |22 26±        |
+  |Ker 5      |25 31         |              |
+  |Law 4      |28            |25            |
+  |Law 7      |              |32            |
+  |Lou 2      |              |25 26         |
+  |McA 2      |28 29         |27            |
+  |McC 11     |33            |30            |
+  |Ran 4      |27            |27 25         |
+  |Sch 8      |30 32         |              |
+  |Sco 5      |32 30 30      |              |
+  |Shi 5      |              |32            |
+  |*Smi       |S             |28            |
+  |Ste 9      |29 30         |29 S          |
+  |Wil 23     |27 33 28 27   |29            |
+  |You 9[23]  |              |27            |
+  |A: 01-44   |29            |              |
+  |A: 01-19   |              |28            |
+  |A: 01-60   |              |26            |
+  |A: 01-63   |27            |              |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Ada 4      |30 |33 |27 |              |28 |37 |28 |              |
+  |Bec 9      |28 |29 |29 |              |29 |33 |31 |†su, 2†       |
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |†t |   | Brights,     |
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   | 1 M-D.       |
+  |Fel 1[20]  |29 |28 |30 |              |29 |42 |32 |              |
+  |Hay 4[21]  |29 |F  |†t |              |29 |S†t|38 |              |
+  |Hay 12[22] |27 |29 |M  |S S S M M M   |26 |MT |22 |S S S C C C   |
+  |Hen 12     |29 |M  |M  |              |28 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Ker 5      |29 |M  |30 |              |29 |M  |27 |              |
+  |Law 4      |27 |M  |F  |              |26 |36 |30 |              |
+  |Law 7      |30 |M  |M  |              |28 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Lou 2      |29 |   |†t |              |27 |   |   |              |
+  |McA 2      |28 |26 |M  |†t            |28 |33 |M  |              |
+  |McC 11     |30 |33 |M  |              |30 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Ran 4      |29 |   |   |              |30 |†t |†t |†t            |
+  |Sch 8      |30 |35 |29 |              |29 |39 |M  |              |
+  |Sco 5      |29 |37 |24 |              |29 |36 |24 |              |
+  |Shi 5      |29 |29 |36 |              |27 |M  |27 |              |
+  |*Smi       |S  |   |   |              |27 |F  |F  |All F         |
+  |Ste 9      |28 |M  |S  |              |28 |S  |31 |              |
+  |Wil 23     |30 |M  |M  |†t            |29 |M  |S  |†t            |
+  |You 9[23]  |29 |36 |34 |              |28 |37 |23 |              |
+  |A: 01-44   |30 |   |   |              |27 |   |   |              |
+  |A: 01-19   |26 |   |   |              |29 |   |   |              |
+  |A: 01-60   |29 |   |   |              |27 |   |   |              |
+  |A: 01-63   |28 |   |   |              |28 |   |   |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+         Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 27.87
+                      Number of matings, 23 + 1* = 24
+        Total number of progeny, 47 + 2* + 2 non-quantitative = 51
+
+                                      VS    S    M
+  Classification of progeny            5   35   11
+  Proportional frequency per mille    98  686  215
+
+[20] FFF, build 36; FFM, build 27; FMF, build 28.
+
+[21] 3 adolescent children are S.
+
+[22] M’s sib (F) has one F and one M child.
+
+[23] F’s weight may have been reduced by bronchial trouble.
+
+
+TABLE VII.—_Slender × medium matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Alv A      |36 32 30      |40 28         |
+  |Alt        |43 38 33      |42 32         |
+  |Atw 2      |33            |28            |
+  |Bal 3      |32            |32 33         |
+  |Bak 8[24]  |34 33         |              |
+  |Bes 1[25]  |33 35 35      |31            |
+  |Bla 11     |40 33 35 35   |39            |
+  |Blo 3      |35            |30            |
+  |Bou 3      |37 34         |35            |
+  |Bou 4      |32 32         |34            |
+  |Blu 2      |31            |              |
+  |Bra 4      |33            |              |
+  |Bri 2      |35 33 33 31   |28 30 30 30 33|
+  |Bro 36     |41 32         |30            |
+  |Bru A      |31            |33 32 31 29 28|
+  |Bru 2      |31            |38 32 34 28   |
+  |Cha 6      |              |29 26 28      |
+  |Cla 1      |31 37 34      |36 29         |
+  |Cob 1      |33            |27 33 31 31   |
+  |Col 19     |40            |33            |
+  |Clo 2      |31 32         |30            |
+  |Com 2      |35 32         |              |
+  |Cos 2[26]  |              |31            |
+  |Cra 6      |31            |              |
+  |Cru 2[27]  |              |36            |
+  |Dew 1      |41 35 35      |31            |
+  |Dic A[28]  |42* 32 31     |29 29         |
+  |Dic 3[29]  |45 34         |26 34 27 33   |
+  |Dic 6      |30 35         |30            |
+  |Dow 7      |              |30 32         |
+  |Dra 4[30]  |              |28            |
+  |Dun A      |44 38         |31            |
+  |Eps 2      |31            |              |
+  |Fan 1      |33            |31            |
+  |Fin 1      |43 38 37      |              |
+  |Fin 8      |36 34 30      |33 32         |
+  |Fol 3      |              |31            |
+  |For 9      |36 38         |              |
+  |Fra 9      |39            |44 43 42      |
+  |Goo 6      |              |28 28         |
+  |Gra 3      |33            |              |
+  |Hal B[31]  |32            |31            |
+  |Har 35[32] |36            |29            |
+  |Haw 5[33]  |40 31 32      |33 31 38      |
+  |Hei 4      |38            |              |
+  |Hod 3      |37 30 35 37   |36 34 34 28 35|
+  |Hor 7      |              |32            |
+  |Hea 3      |30 37         |31 33         |
+  |Hef 1      |37            |31            |
+  |Hos 3      |35            |35            |
+  |Hox 2      |S M M M M     |43            |
+  |Hut 3      |33 33 34      |              |
+  |Jic 1      |33 32         |              |
+  |Joh 18     |              |32            |
+  |Jon 15     |35 38         |              |
+  |Kaa A      |              |49 35         |
+  |Kau 5      |36 37         |              |
+  |Kel A      |50            |41 32         |
+  |Leo 1[34]  |34 35         |37 28         |
+  |Leo 9      |32 39 32 35   |34            |
+  |Lip 3      |35 35 34      |36 35 39 36   |
+  |Lit 4      |37 33         |31            |
+  |Loo 1      |35            |32            |
+  |Man 1[35]  |29            |29            |
+  |Mar 8      |34 39         |              |
+  |May 3      |              |30            |
+  |McC A      |51 35         |26 32         |
+  |McM 2[36]  |36 35 M       |M             |
+  |Mil 29     |41            |32 35         |
+  |Mit 2      |              |34 40         |
+  |Mon 3      |34            |              |
+  |Moo 4      |30 33 32      |              |
+  |Oha 1      |37            |37            |
+  |Oli 2      |              |33 31         |
+  |One 1      |              |31            |
+  |Osb 6      |34 41 35      |30 45 36      |
+  |Par 3      |31            |37            |
+  |Per 6      |38 39 36      |35            |
+  |Per 8      |{38 31 32 34 }|31 32 32      |
+  |           |{  33 33 33  }|              |
+  |Rei 4      |29 30 31      |              |
+  |Rid A      |36 47 33 48   |31            |
+  |Rim 1      |36            |32 34         |
+  |Ran 1      |29 32 31      |31            |
+  |Row 6      |34            |31 33 32      |
+  |Rug 1      |40            |              |
+  |Rus 5      |36            |              |
+  |Ste 29     |31 26         |31            |
+  |Thr 1[37]  |{32 38 35* 37}|45 46 40      |
+  |           |{  35 39‡ 35 }|              |
+  |Val 1      |32 31         |              |
+  |Van 16     |39 33 34      |              |
+  |Wal 5      |34            |              |
+  |Wel 3      |32 33         |29 35 35      |
+  |Wes 5      |              |29            |
+  |Wey 2      |34 31         |32            |
+  |Whi 15     |36 37 34 36   |33            |
+  |Woo 14     |36 32         |34            |
+  |Wil 34     |32            |36 29         |
+  |Wri 1      |36            |32            |
+  |A: 01-16   |              |35            |
+  |A: 01-50   |33            |31            |
+  |A: 01-9    |30            |              |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Alv A      |29 |34 |   |38 29         |31 |31 |50 |39  39 41     |
+  |Alt        |36 |M  |M  |              |30 |F  |F  |              |
+  |Atw 2      |26 |27 |33 |              |35 |30 |M  |1F 3S         |
+  |Bal 3      |29 |32 |33 |              |36 |38 |24 |              |
+  |Bak 8[24]  |27 |   |   |              |32 |   |   |              |
+  |           |[24]   |   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Bes 1[25]  |30 |32 |27 |              |36 |31 |31 |3 F           |
+  |Bla 11     |33 |31 |34 |3†t 2F 1S     |30 |43 |30 |S S S M M F   |
+  |Blo 3      |32 |S  |M  |              |28 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Bou 3      |35 |32 |M  |              |29 |M  |32 |              |
+  |Bou 4      |30 |32 |S  |              |31 |32 |31 |              |
+  |Blu 2      |30 |S  |F  |              |34 |38 |F  |34 27 33      |
+  |Bra 4      |35 |41 |M  |              |28 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Bri 2      |32 |32 |31 |              |26 |32 |30 |              |
+  |Bro 36     |35 |39 |38 |              |27 |36 |50 |              |
+  |Bru A      |34 |S  |M  |31            |26 |S  |S  |30            |
+  |Bru 2      |30 |M  |   |              |33 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Cha 6      |30 |29 |33 |              |33 |34 |32 |              |
+  |Cla 1      |30 |   |   |              |31 |34 |32 |              |
+  |Cob 1      |31 |33 |29 |              |28 |35 |31 |              |
+  |Col 19     |35 |M  |S  |              |29 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Clo 2      |32 |M  |S  |              |29 |   |   |              |
+  |Com 2      |30 |29 |29 |              |32 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Cos 2[26]  |34 |M  |S  |              |26 |S  |F  |              |
+  |Cra 6      |33 |29 |28 |              |28 |29 |49 |              |
+  |Cru 2[27]  |34 |36 |28 |              |28 |32 |32 |              |
+  |Dew 1      |33 |   |   |              |29 |34 |32 |              |
+  |Dic A[28]  |35 |   |   |              |28 |33 |45 |{28 28 31 29 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{31 30 28 29 }|
+  |Dic 3[29]  |35 |36 |S  |              |29 |35 |33 |              |
+  |Dic 6      |35 |   |   |VF            |27 |31 |38 |VF            |
+  |Dow 7      |28 |31 |29 |              |34 |34 |28 |              |
+  |Dra 4[30]  |33 |34 |32 |              |28 |S  |S  |              |
+  |Dun A      |35 |35 |34 |38            |26 |33 |33 |27 29         |
+  |Eps 2      |33 |37 |31 |              |28 |35 |38 |              |
+  |Fan 1      |33 |35 |49 |              |28 |M  |30 |              |
+  |Fin 1      |30 |34 |31 |              |36 |38 |33 |              |
+  |Fin 8      |32 |36 |32 |              |26 |31 |34 |              |
+  |Fol 3      |30 |   |   |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |For 9      |28 |30 |   |              |32 |   |   |              |
+  |Fra 9      |34 |   |   |              |30 |   |   |              |
+  |Goo 6      |31 |32 |32 |              |29 |   |   |              |
+  |Gra 3      |31 |35 |33 |              |26 |37 |35 |              |
+  |Hal B[31]  |31 |39 |47 |50 47 40 38 36|29 |   |   |34 29 29* 27* |
+  |Har 35[32] |27 |M  |24 |              |35 |27 |34 |              |
+  |Haw 5[33]  |30 |31 |27 |              |34 |40 |30 |              |
+  |Hei 4      |34 |39 |M  |              |28 |   |39 |              |
+  |Hod 3      |34 |35 |23 |              |30 |36 |30 |              |
+  |Hor 7      |30 |M  |33 |1t            |33 |36 |36 |              |
+  |Hea 3      |34 |34 |   |3†t. 1†ca     |30 |31 |26 |              |
+  |Hef 1      |34 |   |   |              |29 |   |   |              |
+  |Hos 3      |30 |42 |F  |              |32 |37 |37 |              |
+  |Hox 2      |31 |M  |M  |              |28 |S  |F  |              |
+  |Hut 3      |30 |36 |36 |              |31 |   |34 |              |
+  |Jic 1      |34 |35 |36 |              |30 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Joh 18     |30 |M  |S  |              |32 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Jon 15     |34 |43 |M  |              |29 |36 |M  |              |
+  |Kaa A      |35 |35 |28 |34            |28 |34 |29 |M M M S F VF  |
+  |Kau 5      |34 |34 |44 |              |29 |31 |42 |              |
+  |Kel A      |30 |   |   |40            |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Leo 1[34]  |35 |T  |35 |              |28 |M  |S  |              |
+  |           |[34]   |   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Leo 9      |32 |M  |S  |              |30 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Lip 3      |35 |   |   |              |30 |   |   |              |
+  |Lit 4      |27 |31 |26 |              |35 |37 |33 |              |
+  |Loo 1      |34 |M  |M  |              |30 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Man 1[35]  |28 |   |F  |M  F          |31 |M  |S  |              |
+  |           |[35]   |   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Mar 8      |27 |41 |S  |              |34 |34 |33 |              |
+  |May 3      |31 |32 |28 |              |29 |30 |49 |              |
+  |McC A      |28 |   |M  |M             |32 |F  |F  |M M M M M     |
+  |McM 2[36]  |31 |   |   |              |27 |28 |29 |              |
+  |Mil 29     |31 |F  |S  |              |29 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Mit 2      |32 |34 |M  |              |28 |35 |M  |              |
+  |Mon 3      |34 |M  |M  |              |27 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Moo 4      |31 |30 |35 |              |26 |30 |37 |              |
+  |Oha 1      |33 |33 |31 |              |28 |33 |   |              |
+  |Oli 2      |32 |M  |40 |              |29 |M  |S  |              |
+  |One 1      |30 |T  |   |              |31 |S  |39 |              |
+  |Osb 6      |34 |31 |29 |              |28 |34 |34 |              |
+  |Par 3      |35 |M  |M  |              |28 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Per 6      |29 |   |   |              |34 |   |   |              |
+  |Per 8      |36 |S  |32 |              |30 |39 |   |              |
+  |Rei 4      |36 |31 |38 |              |27 |34 |28 |              |
+  |Rid A      |29 |   |   |              |32 |41 |   |46 45 30      |
+  |Rim 1      |35 |35 |32 |              |28 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Ran 1      |34 |35 |36 |              |26 |S  |29 |              |
+  |Row 6      |36 |32 |41 |              |28 |34 |28 |              |
+  |Rug 1      |35 |36 |33 |              |30 |   |   |              |
+  |Rus 5      |32 |35 |40 |              |30 |32 |44 |              |
+  |Ste 29     |37 |33 |28 |              |24 |24 |34 |              |
+  |Thr 1[37]  |27 |30 |31 |S S S S F     |34 |33 |   |S S M         |
+  |Val 1      |29 |M  |M  |              |32 |   |   |              |
+  |Van 16     |30 |M  |S  |              |33 |35 |38 |              |
+  |Wal 5      |35 |33 |35 |              |28 |S  |S  |              |
+  |Wel 3      |29 |M  |S  |              |34 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Wes 5      |33 |35 |29 |              |26 |30 |31 |              |
+  |Wey 2      |31 |S  |M  |              |26 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Whi 15     |34 |   |   |              |30 |35 |32 |              |
+  |Woo 14     |27 |M  |37 |              |32 |   |40 |              |
+  |Wil 34     |34 |44 |32 |              |29 |31 |28 |              |
+  |Wri 1      |30 |S  |M  |              |34 |M  |F  |              |
+  |A: 01-16   |31 |   |   |              |30 |   |   |              |
+  |A: 01-50   |29 |   |   |              |31 |   |   |              |
+  |A: 01-9    |31 |   |   |              |30 |   |   |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+                      Average build of parents, 30.90
+                          Number of matings, 101
+               Total progeny, 306 + 7 non-quantitative = 313
+
+                                            S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny                49  200   53   11
+  Proportional frequency per mille        157  639  169   35
+
+[24] In middle life; build 35 to 27.
+
+[25] 2 adolescent children; build 29 and 36.
+
+[26] Medium father carries S gametes; 2 adolescent S children.
+
+[27] 3 adolescent children who are slender.
+
+[28] MF’s sibs: 4d. 96 years; 5 others at over 65 years; men weighed
+160 to 175 pounds, women 125 to 145 pounds. Height respectively 69 to
+71 inches; 65 to 66 inches. MM’s family all became VF after 36 years; *
+gained build 51 at 58 years.
+
+[29] MM reduced in build by old age.
+
+[30] Also 1 adolescent male child, slender.
+
+[31] * and * are twins.
+
+[32] MF had 3 sibs died of tuberculosis; FF had 3 sisters died of
+tuberculosis.
+
+[33] 3 children died young.
+
+[34] 2 sibs and a nephew died of tuberculosis.
+
+[35] Sib died of tuberculosis.
+
+[36] MF and MM were second cousins.
+
+[37] Many F relatives who had muscular rheumatism: * has a daughter,
+build 45; ‡ has a daughter build 45.
+
+
+TABLE VIII.—_Slender × fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Ale 2      |39 34         |31            |
+  |Bro 30     |33 37 45      |              |
+  |Bro 16     |34            |42 38         |
+  |Bus 3      |              |28 38         |
+  |Cla 32     |33            |37            |
+  |Coh 4      |36            |33            |
+  |Coo 6      |37 37         |36            |
+  |Cor 3      |33 30         |33            |
+  |Cul 1      |              |31            |
+  |Den 6      |35            |29 33         |
+  |Dex 1      |33 36 33      |33 38         |
+  |Dob 2      |31 33 36 32   |39            |
+  |Doo 3      |33            |29 31         |
+  |Dud 1      |35            |33            |
+  |Eds 2      |31 34         |32 32 39      |
+  |Elk 1      |              |33 30 34 33   |
+  |Emm A      |42            |              |
+  |Fin 1      |43 39 38      |              |
+  |Fit 2      |37            |              |
+  |Gri 1      |34 36         |30            |
+  |Gui 3      |37 33 33 34   |30 40 39      |
+  |Har 3B     |38 34 32      |              |
+  |Has 2      |              |33 30 30      |
+  |Hok 1      |34 35         |              |
+  |Hot 1      |34            |              |
+  |Hul 2      |34            |{26 27 25 30 }|
+  |           |              |{   23 29    }|
+  |Kra 4[38]  |29 32         |              |
+  |Kra 5      |31 31         |              |
+  |Lon A      |38            |35 M S VS     |
+  |Lyn 2      |              |33            |
+  |Mer B      |38 33         |34 31 29      |
+  |Met A      |40 41 37      |41 35         |
+  |Mil 7      |38 38         |              |
+  |Mor 28     |34            |26            |
+  |McC B      |{43 38 34 33 }|38 42 39      |
+  |           |{   29 32    }|              |
+  |McC 16     |38 37         |43            |
+  |McC 18     |25            |33 44         |
+  |*Ofi       |VF M          |{42 36 F VF F}|
+  |           |              |{     43     }|
+  |Pad 1      |37            |              |
+  |Ric 5      |33            |34 31         |
+  |Rom 1      |35 33 34 35   |39 31 33      |
+  |She 12     |38 34 32 32   |42 37         |
+  |*Smi[39]   |41 M  35 30   |47 31 S 48    |
+  |Spe A      |37 35 35      |              |
+  |Tat A      |39 40         |38 36         |
+  |Van 3      |28            |26 37         |
+  |*Van       |37 41         | S S 43       |
+  |Wal 4      |39 35         |              |
+  |Wat[40]    |30 37 31      |              |
+  |Wil 35     |34 32         |31            |
+  |Wil 42     |              |31 29         |
+  |Woo 7      |42            |34            |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Ale 2      |27 |33 |28 |              |38 |36 |42 |F 2†t         |
+  |Bro 30     |30 |31 |27 |              |37 |35 |40 |              |
+  |Bro 16     |41 |   |32 |              |29 |   |31 |              |
+  |Bus 3      |30 |M  | S |              |39 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Cla 32     |29 |29 |   |              |38 |31 |42 |              |
+  |Coh 4      |30 |   |   |              |40 |   |   |              |
+  |Coo 6      |39 |38 |38 |              |28 |33 |29 |              |
+  |Cor 3      |41 |34 |49 |S F F 1†t     |28 |39 |28 |M S           |
+  |Cul 1      |39 |39 |37 |              |28 |38 |42 |              |
+  |Den 6      |39 |33t|35 |              |27 |40 |33 |              |
+  |           |   |   |ca |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Dex 1      |42 |34 |31 |              |30 |30 |36 |              |
+  |           |ca |   |   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Dob 2      |26 |30 | S |              |42 |F  |F  |              |
+  |Doo 3      |28 |M  | S |              |40 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Dud 1      |43 |48 |61 |10 F-VF, 1S(t)|28 |31 |28t|{  3 of 12   }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{  F or VF   }|
+  |Eds 2      |38 |37 |35 |I F           |27 |35 |25 |{  6 above   }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{normal build}|
+  |Elk 1      |41 |36 |44 |t             |27 |30 |32 |              |
+  |Emm A      |40 |   |   |36 34         |28 |   |   |39 31 27 32 31|
+  |Fin 1      |30 |34 |31 |              |37 |38 |33 |              |
+  |Fit 2      |43 |46 |   |              |30 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Gri 1      |37 |31 |52 |              |28 |   |30 |              |
+  |Gui 3      |27 |   |   |              |39 |34 |30 |              |
+  |Har 3B     |30 |   |   |              |43 |   |   |              |
+  |Has 2      |29 |33 |38 |              |38 |35 |37 |              |
+  |Hok 1      |37 |36 | S |              |27 |31 |35 |              |
+  |Hot 1      |30 |M  | S |              |40 |S  |S  |              |
+  |Hul 2      |30 |34 |26 |              |37 |35 |27 |              |
+  |Kra 4[38]  |27 |37 |39 |              |43 |40 |41 |              |
+  |Kra 5      |27 |37 |39 |              |38 |40 |41 |              |
+  |Lon A      |38 |32 |   |39 34 30      |30 |   |30 |39            |
+  |Lyn 2      |37 |S  |F  |              |29 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Mer B      |40 |47 |27 |              |25 |37 |36 |              |
+  |Met A      |39 |M  |M  |37 35 35 46 35|30 |33±|28 |35 32 31 30 28|
+  |Mil 7      |39 |M  |M  |              |29 |43 |31 |              |
+  |Mor 28     |39 |   |   |              |29 |39 |34 |              |
+  |McC B      |30 |   |   |37            |37 |   |   |              |
+  |McC 16     |30 |34 |S  |              |39 |39 |S  |1†hf, 1†t     |
+  |McC 18     |38 |   |35 |              |30 |36 |   |              |
+  |*Ofi       |S  |   |   |F F F M       |F  |   |   |7 F           |
+  |Pad 1      |28 |31 |35 |              |37 |33 |23 |              |
+  |Ric 5      |30 |36 |38 |              |40 |33 |31t|              |
+  |Rom 1      |38 |S  |F  |3t            |28 |C  |M  |              |
+  |She 12     |38 |34 |46 |              |28 |34 |28 |              |
+  |*Smi[39]   |43 |   |   |              |30 |   |   |              |
+  |Spe A      |40 |   |   |40 40 31 31   |27 |   |   |35 22 43      |
+  |Tat A      |28 |   |   |55 35 30 31 29|41 |   |   |39            |
+  |Van 3      |29 |29 |29 |              |37 |33 |39 |              |
+  |*Van       |42 |   |   |S 39          |S  |   |   |              |
+  |Wal 4      |41 |38 |34 |              |27 |31 |28 |              |
+  |Wat[40]    |27 |S  |F  |              |40 |26 |45 |              |
+  |Wil 35     |38 |   |   |              |28 |32 |M  |              |
+  |Wil 42     |37 |36 |35 |              |30 |30 |32 |              |
+  |Woo 7      |38 |   |   |              |30 |S  |M  |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+       Average build of parents (excluding families with *), 33.85.
+                     Number of matings, 49 + 3* = 52.
+        Total No. of progeny, 155 + 21* + 3 non-quantitative = 179.
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny            4   26   85   57    7
+  Proportional freq. per mille        23  145  475  318   39
+
+[38] Kra 4, by first wife; Kra 5, by second wife.
+
+[39] All this family were slender till about 20 years, then became
+fleshy. The slender persons are still young.
+
+[40] MMMM build 36; MMM 30; MFM 27; MFF 33.
+
+
+TABLE IX.—_Slender × very fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Arn 5[41]  |32            |38            |
+  |Ban 2[42]  |39 39         |              |
+  |Ben 8      |40            |32            |
+  |Bon A      |44            |              |
+  |*Bun       |44 33         |25.5 32       |
+  |Cle 5      |30 39 35      |33            |
+  |*Coo       |              |48 34         |
+  |Fen 1      |38 33 30 32   |29            |
+  |Har 15[43] |39 33 34      |40(t) 37      |
+  |Hor 9      |              |31(t) 36      |
+  |How 8[44]  |35 38 37 39‡  |              |
+  |           |41‡           |              |
+  |Kro 3      |42            |              |
+  |*Leo       |45            |51 S S 46 F   |
+  |Tea A      |46 31 28      |31 32         |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Arn 5[41]  |44 |31 |48 |              |26 |33 |25 |              |
+  |Ban 2[42]  |49 |42 |31 |t t           |26 |M  |F  |5 F           |
+  |Ben 8      |28 |38 |26 |              |45 |39 |32 |              |
+  |Bon A      |51 |40 |   |40            |26 |35 |   |29 27 28 28   |
+  |*Bun       |57 |   |   |              |26 |   |   |              |
+  |Cle 5      |30 |34 |34 |F             |54 |27 |32 |3 F           |
+  |*Coo       |29 |   |   |F F S S       |49 |   |49 |48 40         |
+  |Fen 1      |44 |   |   |              |27 |   |   |              |
+  |Har 15[43] |30 |41 |28 |t             |49 |35 |49 |              |
+  |Hor 9      |44 |44 |24 |              |29 |S  |M  |              |
+  |How 8[44]  |30 |37 |27 |t t t         |51 |40 |46 |              |
+  |Kro 3      |29 |34 |42 |              |46 |38 |28 |              |
+  |*Leo       |S  |   |   |              |51 |S  |51 |45 46         |
+  |Tea A      |49 |   |   |              |27 |   |   |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+       Average build of parents (excluding families with *), 37.91.
+                     Number of matings, 11 + 3* = 14.
+                   Total number of progeny 34 + 12 = 46.
+
+                                            S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny                 7   17   15    7
+  Proportional freq. per mille            152  370  326  152
+
+[41] M died, 46 years, tuberculosis; M’s sib died of hardening of lungs;
+MF tuberculosis; MM tuberculosis, but recovered.
+
+[42] M underwent senile degeneration after menopause.
+
+[43] MM had “delicate lungs.”
+
+[44] ‡ Twins.
+
+
+TABLE X.—_Medium × medium matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Abe 1      |34            |33 29 34      |
+  |All A      |37 29         |39            |
+  |Aus 3      |35            |33            |
+  |Bac 1      |              |36            |
+  |Bar 10     |32 32 30      |              |
+  |Bat 2      |33 32 35      |33            |
+  |Bea 7      |34 32         |32 31         |
+  |Bec 6      |32            |              |
+  |Bet 3      |              |36 36         |
+  |Bis 5      |35            |              |
+  |Bow 3      |33            |32 32         |
+  |Bra 10     |40            |38 39 36      |
+  |Bro 18     |32 36 34      |              |
+  |Cas 4      |43 41 34      |37 32 34      |
+  |Chr 2      |32 36         |32            |
+  |Cla 29     |              |36            |
+  |Coo 5      |{38 35 36 31 }|37 41 36 38   |
+  |           |{  36 37 33  }|              |
+  |Dex 2      |33            |33            |
+  |Dic 4      |32 31 33      |29            |
+  |Dra 1      |              |36 31         |
+  |Eat A      |{34 36 35 36 }|42 33         |
+  |           |{   38 38    }|              |
+  |Fie 2      |33            |35            |
+  |Fis 2[45]  |35            |{37 37 40 33 }|
+  |           |              |{   39 37    }|
+  |Fra 3A     |35 35         |              |
+  |Fri 3      |31            |35            |
+  |Gil 15     |42 39         |39            |
+  |God 2      |30            |27 31 31 31 30|
+  |Gol 4      |              |32 30         |
+  |Gor 7      |34            |              |
+  |Hal 16[46] |39            |37            |
+  |Haw 6      |35 32 35 29 30|29 29 27 33   |
+  |Haw 7      |36            |30            |
+  |Hen 6      |35 36         |42 35         |
+  |Hod 1      |38            |39            |
+  |Hop 5      |35 35 27      |31            |
+  |Hut 4      |33            |39            |
+  |Ill 1      |39 35 34 33   |35 38 37 37   |
+  |Joh 1[47]  |36            |39            |
+  |Jon 20     |37            |              |
+  |Jor 1      |36 41         |38 32         |
+  |Kel 4a     |34 32 S       |M (t) M M 31  |
+  |Kim 1      |29 35 35      |              |
+  |Lan 8      |30            |25            |
+  |Lau 2      |36            |              |
+  |Lev 2      |34 30         |36 39         |
+  |Lex A      |47 36 36      |37            |
+  |Llo 4      |34            |              |
+  |Loe A      |46 38 38 36   |56            |
+  |Mar 22     |33 36 32 31   |40 36         |
+  |Mas 3      |              |34 34         |
+  |Mat 13     |37            |36 35 37      |
+  |Mer 8      |              |41 36 40 37 33|
+  |Mou 2      |29            |34            |
+  |Mur A      |35 30         |              |
+  |McC 12     |              |33            |
+  |McP A[48]  |{36 32 34 33 }|32 36         |
+  |           |{35 35 39 37 }|              |
+  |Nes 1      |32 41 33 33   |51 37         |
+  |Nor 6      |33            |41            |
+  |Obr 1      |38            |35            |
+  |Old 2      |33            |33 35 33      |
+  |Osb 4      |34 32         |25 30 31      |
+  |Pag 2      |36            |35            |
+  |Pai 2      |28(t) 41 33   |31            |
+  |Pat 5      |33 38         |31 31         |
+  |Pan 3      |35 32         |34            |
+  |Pot 5      |36 40 35      |36            |
+  |Pro 1      |37 39         |              |
+  |Ras 1      |36 33 33      |36 39         |
+  |Ric 9      |32            |30            |
+  |Ric 11     |40            |37            |
+  |Rig 1      |34 32         |30 32         |
+  |Riz 11     |              |30 29 34 28   |
+  |Rue 1      |35 34 33 27   |              |
+  |Rup 1      |{31 40 38 36 }|30 33         |
+  |           |{   31 30    }|              |
+  |Sam 3[49]  |30 30         |              |
+  |Sch 11     |35 38 36      |36            |
+  |Sco 3      |              |33            |
+  |She 6      |37 34 40      |45            |
+  |Sle 3      |              |33 35 34      |
+  |Smi 33     |36 36 36 37   |31 32 31 36   |
+  |*Smi       |              |39            |
+  |Sto 13     |33±           |38 38 36 38 34|
+  |Sut 3      |31 30         |              |
+  |Tag A      |43            |31 34         |
+  |Tet A[50]  |49* 43 36 30  |41 49 30      |
+  |Tor 1      |35 39         |36 34         |
+  |Van 13     |40 35         |              |
+  |Vib A      |39 31         |              |
+  |War 3      |{30 31 32 30 }|32 30 32 36   |
+  |           |{   33 33    }|              |
+  |Whi 17     |33 31         |              |
+  |Whi 22     |34            |31            |
+  |You 2      |34            |37            |
+  |A: 01-26   |              |29 41 39      |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Abe 1      |32 |M  |M  |              |34 |M  |S  |              |
+  |All A      |35 |32 |32 |              |32 |   |30 |              |
+  |Aus 3      |32 |32 |31 |39            |31 |34 |28 |t             |
+  |Bac 1      |32 |S  |M  |              |36 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Bar 10     |31 |35 |M  |              |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Bat 2      |31 |M  |S  |              |32 |29 |31t|              |
+  |Bea 7      |32 |31 |28 |              |34 |36 |31 |              |
+  |Bec 6      |31 |39 |39 |              |34 |35 |36 |              |
+  |Bet 3      |34 |31 |24 |              |35 |38 |43 |              |
+  |Bis 5      |32 |39 |28 |              |31 |38 |36 |              |
+  |Bow 3      |32 |M  |M  |              |33 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Bra 10     |35±|35±|35±|              |34 |35 |32 |              |
+  |Bro 18     |33 |31t|36 |              |33 |M  |(t)|              |
+  |Cas 4      |34 |39 |29t|              |34 |43 |27 |              |
+  |Chr 2      |32 |33 |32 |              |33±|37 |34 |              |
+  |Cla 29     |33 |   |   |              |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Coo 5      |32 |(t)|37 |              |36 |34 |37 |              |
+  |Dex 2      |34 |35 |30 |              |36 |33 |31 |t, t          |
+  |Dic 4      |31 |M  |F  |              |32 |32 |29 |              |
+  |Dra 1      |32 |35 |29 |              |34 |34t|32 |              |
+  |Eat A      |35 |   |   |33 35 42 30   |32 |36 |33 |36 39 41 33   |
+  |Fie 2      |36 |35 |36 |              |32 |37 |32 |              |
+  |Fis 2[45]  |36 |M  |M  |              |32 |M  |   |              |
+  |Fra 3A     |33 |S  |S  |              |35 |M  |39±|              |
+  |Fri 3      |32 |M  |S  |              |35 |38 |35 |              |
+  |Gil 15     |35 |31±|33±|              |33t|39 |39 |              |
+  |God 2      |34 |34 |28t|              |31 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Gol 4      |31 |31 |29 |              |32 |41 |30 |              |
+  |Gor 7      |35 |M  |S  |              |32 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Hal 16[46] |33 |F  |S  |              |34 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Haw 6      |33 |S  |S  |              |31 |31 |29 |              |
+  |Haw 7      |33 |31 |34 |              |31 |42 |39 |              |
+  |Hen 6      |32 |M  |M  |              |31 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Hod 1      |33 |31 |24 |              |31 |30 |29 |              |
+  |Hop 5      |35 |41 |31 |              |35 |31 |32 |              |
+  |Hut 4      |32 |30±|F  |              |32 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Ill 1      |34 |32 |33 |              |33 |32 |31 |              |
+  |Joh 1[47]  |35 |M  |F  |              |33 |M  |S  |              |
+  |           |   |[47]   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Jon 20     |36 |36 |40 |              |31 |32 |31 |              |
+  |Jor 1      |35 |   |   |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |Kel 4a     |36 |34 |S  |              |31 |34 |F  |              |
+  |Kim 1      |35 |   |   |              |31 |   |   |              |
+  |Lan 8      |37 |40 |40 |              |35 |34 |25 |              |
+  |Lau 2      |35 |S  |   |              |31 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Lev 2      |34 |34 |35 |              |32 |37±|51±|              |
+  |Lex A      |33 |   |37 |              |32 |30 |33 |34 35 36      |
+  |Llo 4      |32 |M  |S  |              |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Loe A      |36 |   |   |27            |35 |   |   |              |
+  |Mar 22     |33 |M  |M  |              |32 |S  |S  |              |
+  |Mas 3      |35 |M  |M  |              |32 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Mat 13     |34 |36 |38 |              |35 |35 |48 |              |
+  |Mer 8      |35 |Mt |S  |E             |34 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Mou 2      |31 |S  |M  |4†t           |36 |30t|50 |4†t           |
+  |Mur A      |32 |38 |31 |37 37         |31 |33 |33 |40 32 31 28   |
+  |McC 12     |33 |M  |S  |              |32 |S  |F  |              |
+  |McP A[48]  |36 |M  |F  |{41 36 34 40 }|31 |38 |47 |36 33 29 40   |
+  |           |   |   |   |{40 31 33[48]}|   |   |   |              |
+  |           |   |   |   |{     37     }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Nes 1      |32 |   |   |              |34 |   |   |              |
+  |Nor 6      |33 |M  |M  |              |36 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Obr 1      |35 |   |   |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |Old 2      |33 |34 |34 |              |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Osb 4      |36 |   |   |              |31 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Pag 2      |34 |33 |30 |              |36 |29 |29 |              |
+  |Pai 2      |34 |F  |M  |41            |32 |M  |F  |              |
+  |Pat 5      |32 |M  |S  |              |33 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Pan 3      |34 |S  |S  |              |36 |Mt |M  |              |
+  |Pot 5      |34 |   |   |              |34 |   |28 |              |
+  |Pro 1      |33 |34 |40 |              |32 |40 |33 |F F(t) 39     |
+  |Ras 1      |34 |   |   |              |31 |   |   |              |
+  |Ric 9      |32 |30±|32 |              |34 |S  |40 |              |
+  |Ric 11     |33 |33 |31 |              |32 |38 |33 |              |
+  |Rig 1      |33 |34±|M  |              |36 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Riz 11     |31 |32 |36 |              |33 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Rue 1      |31 |   |   |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |Rup 1      |32 |   |   |              |32 |   |32 |              |
+  |Sam 3[49]  |33 |37 |35 |              |31 |   |44 |              |
+  |Sch 11     |31 |37 |33 |              |32 |35 |41 |              |
+  |Sco 3      |36 |42 |39 |              |31 |M  |M  |              |
+  |She 6      |34 |32 |   |              |31 |36 |S  |              |
+  |Sle 3      |32 |33 |33 |              |31 |33 |   |              |
+  |Smi 33     |34 |34 |S  |              |31 |35 |M  |              |
+  |*Smi       |35 |S  |F  |              |33 |39 |S  |S M           |
+  |Sto 13     |   |33 |   |              |35 |S  |F  |              |
+  |Sut 3      |31 |   |   |              |36 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Tag A      |36 |36 |36 |47 36 36      |31 |34 |37 |{34 32 40 38 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{   31 37    }|
+  |Tet A[50]  |34 |   |   |65            |34 |38 |31 |              |
+  |Tor 1      |33 |32 |34 |{7 avg. build}|34 |32 |27 |Avg. or under |
+  |           |   |   |   |{  or above. }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Van 13     |32 |35t|31 |              |35t|37 |28 |              |
+  |Vib A      |33 |41 |33 |33 33 40      |31 |30 |   |30            |
+  |War 3      |33 |33 |St |              |32 |41 |26 |              |
+  |Whi 17     |33 |35 |32 |              |33 |35 |40 |t             |
+  |Whi 22     |32 |41 |27 |              |36 |31 |44 |              |
+  |You 2      |34 |38 |34 |              |36 |39 |31 |              |
+  |A: 01-26   |33 |   |   |              |35 |   |   |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+        Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 33.23.
+                     Number of matings, 92 + 1* = 93.
+        Total No. of progeny, 327 + 1* + 4 non-quantitative = 332.
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny            2   40  201   82    7
+  Proportional frequency per mille     6  121  605  247   21
+
+[45] MM and MF were first cousins.
+
+[46] FF and FM were first cousins.
+
+[47] Weak lungs.
+
+[48] Spinal trouble.
+
+[49] M and F were first cousins.
+
+[50] * has undersized wife and 2 children; male, build 49; female, build
+46.
+
+
+TABLE XI.—_Medium × fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Ade 1      |39            |31            |
+  |Ale 2      |32 37 36 36 36|28 31 33      |
+  |Bal 5      |              |40            |
+  |Bar 24     |29            |33            |
+  |Beh 2      |33            |              |
+  |Ben 11     |              |36            |
+  |Bit 3[51]  |38 38         |33            |
+  |Blo 1      |36 35 35 41   |              |
+  |Bot 1      |35            |35 37         |
+  |Bro 23     |36 33 33 30   |35            |
+  |Bro 34     |39            |38            |
+  |Cam B      |47 45 45      |38 38 30      |
+  |Cam 5      |38            |34 36 40      |
+  |Car 17     |32 38 35      |35 (t) 29     |
+  |Cas 9      |              |30            |
+  |Cha 7      |36 35         |              |
+  |Cha 12     |33            |30 33         |
+  |Che 7      |30 32         |              |
+  |Cle 2      |33            |36 38 32 33   |
+  |Col 14     |              |36 35         |
+  |Con 11[52] |              |34 49         |
+  |Cra 11     |36            |39            |
+  |Cra 14     |44            |32 36         |
+  |Cri 1      |              |34 33         |
+  |Cur 5      |30 30         |35            |
+  |Dan A      |53            |36 46 47      |
+  |Dav 6      |38 32 32 32   |32            |
+  |Dea 1      |36 34         |42 35         |
+  |Dem 1      |30            |36            |
+  |Dra 9      |36 34         |33            |
+  |Ebe 1      |38            |37            |
+  |Edm 2      |37 34         |              |
+  |Eil A      |33 33         |              |
+  |Eng 3      |38 36         |33            |
+  |Eva 7      |34 33 32      |              |
+  |Flo 2      |33 35 33      |33 36         |
+  |Fou 1      |              |33 36         |
+  |Fri 5      |40            |34 37         |
+  |Fri 9      |35            |              |
+  |Glu 1      |36            |47            |
+  |Goo 4      |33 33 32 33   |              |
+  |Gra 4      |33 34         |              |
+  |Hal 12     |              |35 29         |
+  |Hal 17     |31            |34            |
+  |Hal 22     |33            |              |
+  |Hed 6      |40 38 33      |44 37 37      |
+  |Hen 3      |32 32 31 34   |              |
+  |Hen 11     |              |34 34         |
+  |Hor 5      |37 34 41 32 33|31 34 33      |
+  |Jac 3      |38 39 36      |              |
+  |Jon 12     |33 35 33      |37 30 31      |
+  |Jen 9      |34            |39            |
+  |Kel 6      |34 31         |              |
+  |Ken 2      |              |36            |
+  |Kin 10     |              |36 36 34      |
+  |Kle A      |58 41         |              |
+  |Kuh 2      |41            |              |
+  |Lan 11     |              |33 37         |
+  |Lar A      |43 37         |              |
+  |Lov 2      |31 29         |              |
+  |Lut 1      |33 32 34 36   |33 31 31      |
+  |Met 1      |40            |36            |
+  |Mer 4      |37            |              |
+  |Mey 5      |36            |34 36         |
+  |Mil 11     |34 32 34      |40 32         |
+  |Mil 23     |37            |34            |
+  |Mor A      |42            |42 41 43 29   |
+  |Mor 16     |37            |              |
+  |Moy 1      |35            |35            |
+  |Mye A      |42 36 54      |33 33 35      |
+  |Mye 1      |32 34         |32 35 32 33   |
+  |McF 2      |32 39 36      |28            |
+  |McM 7      |              |26 32         |
+  |New 10     |32 41         |              |
+  |Nix 2      |35 38         |32 33         |
+  |Nol B      |41 38         |38 28         |
+  |*Ofi       |              |27 57         |
+  |Ole 1      |34 31         |              |
+  |Pap 1      |32 34         |              |
+  |Pec 6      |              |44            |
+  |Phi A      |37 53 47 35   |              |
+  |Pot 4      |35 38         |38            |
+  |Pri 6[53]  |36            |32            |
+  |Pro 2      |              |36            |
+  |Pug 2      |34 42         |              |
+  |Rei 8      |32            |              |
+  |Rob 12     |40 38         |39            |
+  |Roe 3      |35            |29 37         |
+  |Rog A      |{42 39 34 33 }|30            |
+  |           |{   32 32    }|              |
+  |Ryl 1      |35 34         |35 35 32      |
+  |Sar 2[54]  |32            |              |
+  |Sau A      |43 30 41 31   |              |
+  |Sch 12     |37            |              |
+  |Sey 1      |33            |30 30         |
+  |Sid 1      |32            |31 31         |
+  |Smi 20     |33            |40            |
+  |Spi 5      |41            |              |
+  |Spi 7      |35 33         |S S 28 50     |
+  |Sta 7[55]  |37§ 37§ 37    |36 30 33      |
+  |Str 7      |36 35         |36            |
+  |Tho 22     |              |36            |
+  |Thr 3      |30            |32            |
+  |Tra 4[56]  |38 42 41      |33 32         |
+  |Van 10     |38            |36            |
+  |Van 12     |              |39 36 32      |
+  |Voo 1     }|38 40 37 34   |30 35 32      |
+  |Voo A     }|              |              |
+  |Wak 1      |37            |29 32 33      |
+  |Wan 2      |34 M 35 M     |              |
+  |Wil 10     |40            |39            |
+  |Wil 22[57] |36 36 41 35 32|34            |
+  |Win 7      |38 35         |38 40 34      |
+  |Woo 8      |33            |40            |
+  |Wri 3      |34 32         |31            |
+  |You A      |35            |              |
+  |Zec 1      |32            |              |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Ade 1      |32t|S  |S  |              |39 |33 |47 |              |
+  |Ale 2      |32 |   |   |              |39 |   |   |              |
+  |Bal 5      |40 |40 |39 |M             |36 |38 |42 |2 F           |
+  |Bar 24     |38 |34 |35 |              |35 |   |   |              |
+  |Beh 2      |38 |41±|St |†t            |33 |35±|35 |              |
+  |Ben 11     |36 |35 |34 |              |43 |31 |41 |              |
+  |Bit 3[51]  |41 |30 |34 |              |36 |S  |S  |              |
+  |Blo 1      |33 |   |29 |              |41 |†t |Mt |2 †t          |
+  |Bot 1      |33 |M  |F  |              |38 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Bro 23     |39 |M  |M  |              |31 |S  |   |              |
+  |Bro 34     |35 |31 |38 |              |38 |43 |38 |              |
+  |Cam B      |40 |   |   |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |Cam 5      |43 |   |   |              |32 |F  |M  |              |
+  |Car 17     |34 |   |   |              |42 |39 |M  |              |
+  |Cas 9      |37 |38 |32 |              |32 |39 |33 |              |
+  |Cha 7      |31 |33 |32 |†t            |38 |24 |42 |              |
+  |Cha 12     |31 |40 |33 |              |37 |37 |26 |              |
+  |Che 7      |37 |37 |40 |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |Cle 2      |42 |M  |F  |              |33 |M  |F  |              |
+  |Col 14     |31 |   |   |              |37 |34 |34 |              |
+  |Con 11[52] |36 |F  |M  |              |42 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Cra 11     |42 |23 |24 |t             |34 |38 |31 |1 t           |
+  |Cra 14     |38t|S  |M  |†t            |36 |38 |36 |              |
+  |Cri 1      |34 |37 |26 |              |39 |45 |34 |              |
+  |Cur 5      |41 |28 |33 |              |34 |   |40 |              |
+  |Dan A      |34 |   |   |              |41 |   |   |              |
+  |Dav 6      |32 |39 |28 |              |37 |37 |40 |3††           |
+  |Dea 1      |31 |M  |S  |              |43 |40 |30 |              |
+  |Dem 1      |41 |   |F  |              |34 |   |   |              |
+  |Dra 9      |34 |26 |34 |              |37 |29 |42 |              |
+  |Ebe 1      |39 |   |   |†t            |31 |†t |   |              |
+  |Edm 2      |41 |39 |37 |              |34 |30 |26 |              |
+  |Eil A      |41 |38 |33 |{37 41 38 34 }|35 |31 |31 |34 34 32      |
+  |           |   |   |   |{  34 35 33  }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Eng 3      |31 |M  |F  |              |42 |F  |M  |              |
+  |Eva 7      |32 |32 |37 |              |38 |38 |32 |              |
+  |Flo 2      |31 |   |   |              |38 |   |   |              |
+  |Fou 1      |40 |35 |30 |              |35 |33 |32 |              |
+  |Fri 5      |39 |   |   |              |34 |   |   |              |
+  |Fri 9      |38 |36 |39 |              |34 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Glu 1      |34 |M  |S  |F VF          |43 |M  |M  |F             |
+  |Goo 4      |38 |ca |40 |              |32 |38t|29 |              |
+  |           |   |34 |   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Gra 4      |43 |29 |47 |              |32 |35 |42 |              |
+  |Hal 12     |42 |   |   |              |31 |   |22 |              |
+  |Hal 17     |42 |32 |37 |              |31 |32 |S  |              |
+  |Hal 22     |32t|M  |M  |2†t           |39 |32 |32 |              |
+  |Hed 6      |39±|M  |F  |              |33±|   |   |              |
+  |Hen 3      |40 |   |   |              |33 |38 |36 |              |
+  |Hen 11     |35 |33 |43 |              |41 |S  |31 |              |
+  |Hor 5      |31 |Mt |F  |†tb           |42 |Mt |F  |              |
+  |Jac 3      |35 |M  |35 |              |37 |39 |40 |              |
+  |Jon 12     |33 |   |   |              |39 |   |   |              |
+  |Jen 9      |40 |   |   |              |33 |   |38 |              |
+  |Kel 6      |38 |40 |38 |              |34 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Ken 2      |34 |34 |31 |              |43 |38 |41 |              |
+  |Kin 10     |37 |M  |F  |              |34 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Kle A      |40 |   |   |              |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Kuh 2      |40 |45 |36 |              |33 |35 |31 |              |
+  |Lan 11     |37 |M  |M  |              |33 |M  |F  |              |
+  |Lar A      |34 |   |   |39 32         |37 |29 |30 |39 48         |
+  |Lov 2      |32 |34 |36 |              |38 |43 |42 |              |
+  |Lut 1      |34 |31 |M  |              |40 |   |   |              |
+  |Met 1      |34 |   |   |              |39 |   |   |              |
+  |Mer 4      |38 |40 |S  |              |34 |39 |44 |†t            |
+  |Mey 5      |38 |M  |S  |4 weak        |32 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Mil 11     |32 |   |   |              |43 |   |   |              |
+  |Mil 23     |38 |30 |37 |              |33 |40 |26 |              |
+  |Mor A      |34 |43 |34 |50 44 39 39 39|38 |32 |31 |32 30 32      |
+  |Mor 16     |36 |M  |M  |              |37 |31 |50 |†t            |
+  |Moy 1      |42 |M  |S  |              |34 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Mye A      |43 |37 |37 |{46 42 37 36 }|34 |35 |30 |{34 34 37 40 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |{   31 27    }|   |   |   |{   32 30    }|
+  |Mye 1      |43 |42 |35 |              |32 |36 |33 |              |
+  |McF 2      |39 |28 |   |              |32 |35 |27 |              |
+  |McM 7      |39 |   |F  |              |36 |M  |S  |              |
+  |New 10     |34 |S  |M  |              |37 |S  |S  |              |
+  |Nix 2      |40 |S  |F  |3†t           |32 |M  |M  |4†t           |
+  |Nol B      |34 |   |   |27            |37 |   |   |31 34         |
+  |*Ofi       |33 |S  |VF |6F VF         |42 |S  |F  |{VF 36 M VF M}|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{    M 43    }|
+  |Ole 1      |35 |S  |M  |              |37 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Pap 1      |38 |   |36 |              |31 |32 |37 |              |
+  |Pec 6      |31 |37 |27 |              |42 |39 |25 |              |
+  |Phi A      |33 |32 |34 |46 38 30 38   |39 |42 |44 |54 51         |
+  |Pot 4      |33 |35 |28 |              |39 |29 |43 |              |
+  |Pri 6[53]  |37 |35 |28 |              |33t|30 |30 |              |
+  |Pro 2      |43 |M  |F  |              |33 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Pug 2      |34 |37 |34 |              |38 |36 |30 |              |
+  |Rei 8      |31 |32 |38 |              |40 |40 |41 |              |
+  |Rob 12     |34 |32 |28 |              |39 |46 |34 |              |
+  |Roe 3      |33 |28 |46 |              |40 |34 |31 |              |
+  |Rog A      |33 |36 |28 |30 29         |38 |34 |34 |{36 37 38 39 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{   36 30    }|
+  |Ryl 1      |36 |   |   |              |39 |   |   |              |
+  |Sar 2[54]  |34 |M  |S  |†t            |43 |32 |53 |2†t           |
+  |Sau A      |41 |   |   |36 43         |34 |41 |   |{54 30 39 31 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{   32 32    }|
+  |Sch 12     |34 |31 |   |              |40 |30 |35 |              |
+  |Sey 1      |37 |S  |F  |              |33 |41 |M  |              |
+  |Sid 1      |36 |   |   |36 36 36 32 34|38 |33 |M  |              |
+  |Smi 20     |37 |   |   |              |33 |   |   |              |
+  |Spi 5      |39 |37 |29t|              |32 |34 |37 |              |
+  |Spi 7      |34 |31 |39 |              |37 |M  |M  |2 F           |
+  |Sta 7[55]  |34 |35 |29 |              |43 |37 |44 |              |
+  |Str 7      |40 |34 |28 |              |32 |38 |34 |              |
+  |Tho 22     |37 |34 |23 |              |32 |35 |32 |              |
+  |Thr 3      |38 |36 |28 |              |31 |M  |31 |              |
+  |Tra 4[56]  |39 |39 |23 |              |32 |37 |30 |VF            |
+  |Van 10     |34 |32 |25 |              |38 |35 |42 |              |
+  |Van 12     |42 |33 |38 |              |36 |   |   |              |
+  |Voo 1     }|31 |   |   |              |43 |32 |44 |              |
+  |Voo A     }|   |   |   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Wak 1      |33 |S  |M  |              |40 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Wan 2      |37 |   |F  |              |35 |   |F  |All nervous   |
+  |Wil 10     |41 |   |   |              |34 |   |   |              |
+  |Wil 22[57] |32 |M  |M  |              |39 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Win 7      |41 |S  |M  |              |35 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Woo 8      |32 |38 |38 |              |38 |40 |47 |              |
+  |Wri 3      |39 |M  |M  |              |34 |M  |M  |              |
+  |You A      |43 |   |   |34            |36 |   |37 |40 36 33 37 40|
+  |Zec 1      |41 |M  |S  |              |34 |36 |33 |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+        Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 36.45.
+                    Number of matings, 114 + 1* = 115.
+       Total number of progeny, 340 + 2* + 4 non-quantitative = 346.
+
+                                            S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny                31  210   88   17
+  Proportional frequency per mille         90  606  255   49
+
+[51] MF and MM were first cousins.
+
+[52] F and M were first cousins.
+
+[53] FF and FM were first cousins.
+
+[54] F and M were first cousins.
+
+[55] § and § were twins.
+
+[56] F and M were first cousins.
+
+[57] MF and MM were first cousins.
+
+
+TABLE XII.—_Medium × very fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Ada 7      |40            |              |
+  |Arm 5      |31 32         |34            |
+  |Arm 6      |35 39 39 40 33|38            |
+  |Bau 1      |30            |30            |
+  |Bei 1      |32 35         |29 32         |
+  |Ber A      |{79 105 45 50}|41 39         |
+  |           |{     39     }|              |
+  |Bow A      |42 35 39      |32 45 31      |
+  |Cam 7      |38 25 27      |              |
+  |Can 2      |              |33t 33 39 43  |
+  |Dre 3      |35 40         |              |
+  |Dun 1      |37            |37 43 34 38   |
+  |Fog A      |39 40         |49 35 34      |
+  |Gif 2      |37 35         |34            |
+  |Hay 9      |39            |32            |
+  |Hoa A      |33 44         |25 29         |
+  |Hor 6      |34 38         |34            |
+  |Ing 3      |39            |32 31         |
+  |Mer A      |45 35 33 33 29|34 45 30      |
+  |McG 5      |              |35            |
+  |Oat 1      |35            |31            |
+  |Ole 2      |37            |33            |
+  |Ran 5      |45 39         |34 46 34      |
+  |Ran 7      |34 37         |31 36 37 37   |
+  |Ric 25     |39            |              |
+  |Sch A      |46 40 46      |52 50 48      |
+  |Sch 26     |              |33 36         |
+  |Sev 1      |31 36 32 34   |              |
+  |War 16     |35 38         |32 32         |
+  |Wey A      |45 43 37      |35 37 41      |
+  |Win 6      |34            |35            |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Ada 7      |48 |M  |S  |              |32 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Arm 5      |49 |42 |44 |              |31 |35 |32 |              |
+  |Arm 6      |36 |35 |M  |              |48 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Bau 1      |33 |   |   |              |53 |32 |40 |              |
+  |Bei 1      |45 |S  |M  |              |35 |F  |36 |              |
+  |Ber A      |52 |   |   |              |34 |   |   |46 46         |
+  |Bow A      |32 |41 |26 |{32 32 32 34 }|45 |41 |26 |{33 39 39 39 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |{33 33 40 33 }|   |   |   |{32 32 40 27 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |{    43      }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Cam 7      |51 |42 |45 |              |31t|36 |47 |              |
+  |Can 2      |35 |S  |S  |              |50 |M  |S  |              |
+  |Dre 3      |36 |   |   |              |44 |   |   |              |
+  |Dun 1      |57 |41 |38 |              |32t|35 |37 |2†t           |
+  |Fog A      |47 |   |42 |46 38         |31 |39 |   |46 37 53      |
+  |Gif 2      |35 |S  |M  |              |49 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Hay 9      |36 |   |   |              |45 |35 |28 |              |
+  |Hoa A      |36 |   |   |25            |45 |   |   |              |
+  |Hor 6      |44 |S  |25 |              |34 |29t|M  |              |
+  |Ing 3      |45 |32 |53 |              |31 |35t|37 |              |
+  |Mer A      |45 |   |   |37 48 46      |36 |   |   |              |
+  |McG 5      |51 |M  |F  |              |31 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Oat 1      |35 |31 |30 |              |44 |35 |29t|              |
+  |Ole 2      |45 |M  |F  |              |34 |M  |F  |              |
+  |Ran 5      |46 |F  |S  |              |32 |Ft |S  |              |
+  |Ran 7      |33 |36 |M  |              |46 |M  |43 |              |
+  |Ric 25     |34 |39 |31 |              |46 |33 |42 |              |
+  |Sch A      |33 |   |33 |              |54 |55 |   |              |
+  |Sch 26     |53 |M  |S  |              |36 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Sev 1      |46 |37 |39 |              |34 |33 |33 |              |
+  |War 16     |32 |M  |S  |              |44 |F  |S  |              |
+  |Wey A      |45 |38 |30 |{32 33 30 30 }|35 |33 |   |32 30 37      |
+  |           |   |   |   |{  32 44 37  }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Win 6      |47 |M  |42 |              |35 |35 |S  |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+                     Average build of parents, 40.68.
+                          Number of matings, 30.
+                       Total number of progeny, 112.
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny            2    7   50   36   17
+  Proportional frequency per mille    18   63  446  321  152
+
+
+TABLE XIII.—_Fleshy × fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Ben 9      |37 35 36      |31 35 34 34   |
+  |Beh A      |{43 37 32 31 }|30            |
+  |           |{   29 47    }|              |
+  |Bur 14     | 34           |34            |
+  |Bur 21     |31 36         |37 32 34 41 29|
+  |But 2      |40            |36            |
+  |Cat 1      |33 38 34      |42 40         |
+  |Cla 12     |38            |43 35 35      |
+  |Dar 7      |38            |47 26 44      |
+  |Dol 3      |33 36 36      |32 34         |
+  |Elm A      |42 32         |35 34 36 36 29|
+  |Fea 2      |32 33 30      |30            |
+  |For A      |39 39 32      |52 49 28 29   |
+  |Hor 1      |35 35         |              |
+  |Hod A      |{51 29 42 47 }|31 28 49      |
+  |           |{  42 47 43  }|              |
+  |Jam A      |45 34 34      |43 41         |
+  |Jen 7      |39            |42 38 36      |
+  |Jon 11c[58]|37 39 37      |{37 40 37 40 }|
+  |           |              |{   44[58]   }|
+  |           |              |{ 35[58] 42  }|
+  |Lan A      |51            |29            |
+  |Lic 2      |39            |              |
+  |Lin 8      |36 36         |38 36         |
+  |Mar 20     |36            |              |
+  |McW 2      |39 41 38 38   |44            |
+  |Nel 5      |37 38 35 35 35|36 35 36 42 34|
+  |*Pal[59]   |M  M          |61+           |
+  |Pie 1      |40 40         |43 40         |
+  |Pit 1      |              |37 29 37 30 29|
+  |Rat 1      |45 40         |37 40         |
+  |Sle 2      |37            |42            |
+  |Smi 40     |              |36 33 35 35   |
+  |Syr 1      |35            |37            |
+  |Tel 1      |47 36 36      |              |
+  |Thr 1a     |43 38 38      |42 42 40      |
+  |Thr 2      |53 30 38      |44 44 44      |
+  |Wil 15[60] |39 53 42§ 35§ |35 34         |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Ben 9      |37 |33 |32 |              |39 |39 |29 |              |
+  |Beh A      |40 |43 |39 | 40 39 45     |40 |37 |30 |VF VF 40 27 35|
+  |Bur 14     |39 |37 |M  |              |39 |   |38 |              |
+  |Bur 21     |37 |30 |40 |              |37 |35 |M  |              |
+  |But 2      |42 |36 |39 |              |41 |33 |39 |              |
+  |Cat 1      |38 |32 |38 |              |38 |40 |40 | 1†t          |
+  |Cla 12     |37 |36 |31 |              |37 |38 |31 |              |
+  |Dar 7      |37 |42 |   |              |42 |37 |42 | 2 t          |
+  |Dol 3      |40 |36 |38 |              |40 |37 |41 |              |
+  |Elm A      |37 |   |40 |              |40 |32 |30 |              |
+  |Fea 2      |43 |33 |34 |              |37 |36 |36 |              |
+  |For A      |36 |33 |29 |{29 29 27 28 }|39 |30 |35 |{32 31 32 30 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |{  27 28 27  }|   |   |   |{  54 25 30  }|
+  |Hor 1      |37 |M  |S  |              |43 |47 |S  |              |
+  |Hod A      |42 |   |   | 41 49 41 36  |38 |   |37 |              |
+  |Jam A      |39 |   |   |              |38 |   |   |              |
+  |Jen 7      |43 |M  |S  |              |38 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Jon 11c[58]|39 |29 |49 |{36 31 43 44 }|   |   |   |              |
+  |           |   |   |   |{34 33 33 38 }|39 |37 |42 |{36 34 37 35 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |{    39      }|   |   |   |{   34 37    }|
+  |Lan A      |37 |37 |37 | 29 36 37     |40 |43 |37 | 35           |
+  |Lic 2      |40 |M  |M  |              |40 |30 |41 |              |
+  |Lin 8      |38 |M  |   |              |43 |S  |M  |              |
+  |Mar 20     |40 |36 |26 |              |39 |33 |36 |              |
+  |McW 2      |40 |36 |24 |              |37 |33 |37 |              |
+  |Nel 5      |39 |34 |31 |              |42 |34 |34 |              |
+  |*Pal[59]   |43 |F  |M  |41 40 28 43 52|40+|   |   |              |
+  |           |   |[59][59]              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Pie 1      |39 |F  |M  |              |43 |M  |F  |              |
+  |Pit 1      |43 |S  |F  |F S           |39 |150|S  |†t            |
+  |Rat 1      |38 |M  |M  |              |39 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Sle 2      |39 |36 |40 |              |37 |37 |43 |              |
+  |Smi 40     |37 |36 |37 |              |43 |36 |37 |              |
+  |Syr 1      |37 |F  |M  |              |39 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Tel 1      |39 |M  |M  |              |38 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Thr 1a     |38 |39 |M  |5 brothers M  |40 |   |   |              |
+  |Thr 2      |39 |27 |34 |{39 37 46 50 }|39 |38 |38 |              |
+  |           |   |   |   |{35 50 35 35 }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Wil 15[60] |42 |40 |27 |              |37 |M  |31 |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+        Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 39.21.
+                     Number of matings, 33 + 1* = 34.
+                 Total number of progeny, 156 + 3* = 159.
+
+                                            S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny                15   62   61   21
+  Proportional frequency per mille         94  390  384  132
+
+[58] Feeble-minded.
+
+[59] FF’s sibs fleshy; FM’s sibs are M.
+
+[60] § and § are twins.
+
+
+TABLE XIV.—_Fleshy × very fleshy matings and their progeny._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |*Ber[61]   |{100 38  50  }|34 43         |
+  |           |{ 84[61] 34  }|              |
+  |Bol 1[62]  |39            |              |
+  |Bro 10     |40            |39 35 32      |
+  |Cen 2      |33 39         |33            |
+  |Cla 16     |36 33         |              |
+  |Cla 25     |39            |34            |
+  |Dan B      |32 32         |51 31         |
+  |Ebe 2      |              |37 36         |
+  |Ekb 1      |41 46 48 43   |              |
+  |Elm B      |              |46            |
+  |*Faz[63]   |VF[63]        |51 47         |
+  |Flo 3      |39 42 39 42 40|37 36         |
+  |Gil A      |53 39         |47            |
+  |Gou A      |40 35         |48 32         |
+  |Gre 7[64]  |42 37 38      |              |
+  |Gug 1      |43 33 33 34   |              |
+  |Hal 8      |36 35 33      |              |
+  |Lou 4      |              |41 38 34 38 36|
+  |*Lyn       |{F M 31 35 39}|34            |
+  |           |{     46     }|              |
+  |McL A      |43 35 46 32   |{45 30 42 38 }|
+  |           |              |{45 30 31 31 }|
+  |*Mor       |37            |S 52 46 F VS  |
+  |Moo 11     |              |47 35         |
+  |Nic 5      |38            |53            |
+  |Oel A      |42 35 33      |38            |
+  |Pan 2      |39 35 44      |27            |
+  |Per A      |              |44            |
+  |Pon 1      |38            |42 33         |
+  |*Rec       |              |53            |
+  |*Rec       |53 34 VF 40   |57 38         |
+  |Rei 7      |31 34         |30            |
+  |*Rid[65]   |S 47          |40 49 VF F S  |
+  |Saw A      |48            |43            |
+  |Sch B      |              |45            |
+  |Ste 18     |34 43         |36 35         |
+  |Voi 1[66]  |              |31            |
+  |*Wen[67]   |51 35 35      |44 32 32 32 31|
+  |*Whe       |F 36 46       |48            |
+  |Yan 2,3    |40 42 42 40 44|42 33 38      |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |*Ber[61]   |50 |   |   |S S           |39 |   |   |48 30         |
+  |Bol 1[62]  |40 |   |28 |              |45 |   |   |              |
+  |Bro 10     |40 |31 |38 |              |50 |36 |40 |              |
+  |Cen 2      |41 |M  |M  |              |47 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Cla 16     |39 |36 |27 |27 36         |45 |36 |45 |42            |
+  |Cla 25     |38 |45 |   |              |39 |30 |   |              |
+  |Dan B      |40 |M  |M  |S S S S       |51 |M  |S  |S S S S F     |
+  |Ebe 2      |41 |M  |M  |              |48 |S  |M  |t             |
+  |Ekb 1      |50 |36 |50 |51 52 45      |38 |   |   |              |
+  |Elm B      |38 |   |   |              |44 |39 |29 |              |
+  |*Faz[63]   |39 |F  |   |F F F F       |57 |F‡ |F  |57            |
+  |Flo 3      |38 |42 |42 |              |49 |37 |35 |              |
+  |Gil A      |38 |34 |28 |              |46 |   |   |              |
+  |Gou A      |37 |   |   |              |54 |37 |50 |F F           |
+  |Gre 7[64]  |38 |F  |M  |              |44 |M  |M  |              |
+  |Gug 1      |44 |   |   |              |38 |   |29 |              |
+  |Hal 8      |38 |41 |35 |              |40 |37 |26 |              |
+  |Lou 4      |37 |32 |32 |              |48 |46 |29 |              |
+  |*Lyn       |38 |   |   |F             |50 |   |   |F             |
+  |McL A      |38 |39 |36 |{36 37 39 37 }|44 |34 |45 |{35 34 35 37 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |{38 40 45 44 }|   |   |   |{38 37 40 43 }|
+  |           |   |   |   |              |   |   |   |{    45      }|
+  |*Mor       |VF |S  |F  |              |39 |F  |F  |All F         |
+  |Moo 11     |40 |29 |69 |              |47 |35 |36 |              |
+  |Nic 5      |41 |F  |F  |              |45 |38 |40 |              |
+  |Oel A      |38 |   |   |              |44 |   |   |3F S          |
+  |Pan 2      |46 |46 |35 |              |39 |33 |31 |              |
+  |Per A      |51 |   |34 |43 42 41      |43 |35 |30 |37 37 32 34 34|
+  |Pon 1      |45 |   |   |              |37 |M  |S(t)|             |
+  |*Rec       |F  |   |   |              |57 |40 |100|53 34 40 38 VF|
+  |*Rec       |40 |S  |   |F F           |100|   |   |F F S         |
+  |Rei 7      |44 |72 |M  |              |37 |72 |M  |              |
+  |*Rid[65]   |56 |S  |F  |F             |F  |   |   |M M F F 41    |
+  |           |   |[65]   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |Saw A      |40 |39 |   |51            |39 |   |   |              |
+  |Sch B      |42 |   |   |              |52 |32 |38 |30 42 32 39 35|
+  |Ste 18     |43 |37 |29 |42            |50 |39 |27 |t             |
+  |Voi 1[66]  |54 |M  |F  |              |38 |S  |F  |†(t)          |
+  |*Wen[67]   |46 |6  |M  |              |37 |M  |M  |F F           |
+  |           |   |[67]   |              |   |   |   |              |
+  |*Whe       |40 |44 |49 |              |52 |   |   |54 42 F S     |
+  |Yan 2,3    |52 |   |   |              |40 |   |   |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+       Average build of parents (excluding families with *), 42.49.
+                  Total number of matings, 29 + 9* = 38.
+                 Total number of progeny, 100 + 46* = 146.
+
+                                      VS    S    M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny            1    7   52   51   35
+  Proportional frequency per mille     7   48  356  349  240
+
+[61] Slender as a child.
+
+[62] All show history of change (increase) of weight.
+
+[63] VF till 17 years; now thin; †MF sibs F F F.
+
+[64] Five children died in infancy.
+
+[65] Had a fleshy sister.
+
+[66] Mother has 4 small nervous sisters.
+
+[67] Had a brother 46, sister 43.
+
+
+TABLE XV.—_Very fleshy × very fleshy matings and their progeny (using
+adjusted indices)._
+
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |   File    |    Male      |   Female     |
+  |   ref.    |  children.   |  children.   |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+  |Bow B      |50 37 45      |47 40 42      |
+  |Bow 2      |32 32 44      |31 34         |
+  |Bry A      |47 32 33      |39            |
+  |Cat 3      |36 39 47 34 35|36            |
+  |Dal A      |45 40 50 46   |34 32         |
+  |Dud A      |51 31         |              |
+  |Smi 36     |35            |              |
+  +-----------+--------------+--------------+
+
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |   File    |   |   |   |   Father’s   |   |   |   |   Mother’s   |
+  |   ref.    |F. |FF.|FM.|     sibs.    |M. |MF.|MM.|    sibs.     |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+  |Bow B      |45 |45 |38 |              |48 |36 |23 |35 35 35 38 50|
+  |Bow 2      |45 |34 |57 |47 44 52 49 52|48 |41 |32 |t 32 36 38    |
+  |Bry A      |45 |   |43 |46 38 49      |46 |31 |   |              |
+  |Cat 3      |44 |39 |35 |              |51 |42 |49 |              |
+  |Dal A      |49 |48 |   |{34 31 30 47 }|53 |64 |   |              |
+  |           |   |   |   |{  35 38 29  }|   |   |   |              |
+  |Dud A      |49 |   |   |33            |51 |   |   |              |
+  |Smi 36     |46 |36t|34t|              |44 |46 |40 |              |
+  +-----------+---+---+---+--------------+---+---+---+--------------+
+
+                     Average build of parents, 47.45.
+                           Number of matings, 7.
+                       Total number of progeny, 30.
+
+                                                 M    F   VF
+  Classification of progeny                     14    6   10
+  Proportional frequency per mille             467  200  333
+
+
+TABLE XVI.—_Indices of build, weight ÷ stature², for weights from 100 to
+225 pounds and 45.4 to 102 kg. and statures from 55 to 78 inches and 140
+to 198 cm. Decimals omitted._
+
+[Reduction from English to metric system effected by the factor 0.70308.]
+
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |Weight  |Pounds | 100| 105| 110| 115| 120| 125| 130| 135| 140| 145|
+  |        |Decigr.|4536|4763|4990|5216|5443|5670|5897|6124|6350|6577|
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |Stature |Stat.² |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |55 in.  | 3025  |3306|3471|3636|3802|3967|4132|4298|4463|4628|4793|
+  |1397 mm.| 1952  |2324|2440|2557|2673|2789|2905|3021|3138|3254|3370|
+  |56 in.  | 3136  |3189|3348|3507|3667|3827|3986|4145|4305|4464|4624|
+  |1422 mm.| 2023  |2242|2354|2466|2578|2690|2802|2915|3027|3139|3251|
+  |57 in.  | 3249  |3078|3232|3386|3540|3693|3847|4001|4155|4309|4463|
+  |1448 mm.| 2096  |2164|2272|2380|2489|2597|2705|2813|2921|3030|3138|
+  |58 in.  | 3364  |2973|3121|3270|3419|3567|3716|3864|4013|4162|4310|
+  |1473 mm.| 2170  |2090|2195|2299|2404|2508|2613|2717|2821|2926|3031|
+  |59 in.  | 3481  |2873|3016|3160|3304|3447|3591|3735|3878|4022|4165|
+  |1499 mm.| 2246  |2020|2121|2222|2323|2424|2525|2626|2727|2828|2929|
+  |60 in.  | 3600  |2778|2917|3056|3194|3333|3472|3611|3750|3888|4028|
+  |1524 mm.| 2323  |1953|2051|2148|2246|2343|2441|2539|2637|2734|2832|
+  |61 in.  | 3721  |2687|2822|2956|3091|3225|3359|3494|3628|3762|3897|
+  |1549 mm.| 2401  |1890|1984|2078|2173|2267|2362|2456|2551|2645|2740|
+  |62 in.  | 3844  |2601|2732|2862|2992|3122|3252|3382|3512|3642|3772|
+  |1575 mm.| 2480  |1829|1920|2012|2103|2195|2286|2378|2469|2561|2652|
+  |63 in.  | 3969  |2520|2646|2771|2897|3023|3149|3275|3401|3527|3653|
+  |1600 mm.| 2561  |1771|1860|1949|2037|2126|2214|2303|2391|2480|2569|
+  |64 in.  | 4096  |2441|2563|2686|2808|2930|3052|3174|3296|3418|3540|
+  |1626 mm.| 2643  |1716|1802|1888|1974|2060|2146|2231|2317|2403|2489|
+  |65 in.  | 4225  |2367|2485|2604|2722|2840|2959|3077|3195|3314|3432|
+  |1651 mm.| 2726  |1664|1747|1831|1914|1997|2080|2163|2247|2330|2413|
+  |66 in.  | 4356  |2296|2410|2525|2640|2755|2870|2984|3099|3214|3329|
+  |1676 mm.| 2810  |1614|1695|1775|1856|1937|2018|2098|2179|2260|2340|
+  |67 in.  | 4489  |2228|2339|2450|2562|2673|2785|2896|3007|3119|3230|
+  |1702 mm.| 2896  |1566|1645|1723|1801|1879|1958|2036|2114|2193|2271|
+  |68 in.  | 4624  |2163|2271|2379|2487|2595|2703|2811|2920|3028|3136|
+  |1727 mm.| 2983  |1521|1597|1673|1749|1825|1901|1977|2053|2129|2205|
+  |69 in.  | 4761  |2100|2205|2310|2415|2520|2625|2731|2836|2941|3046|
+  |1753 mm.| 3072  |1477|1551|1624|1698|1772|1845|1920|1994|2067|2141|
+  |70 in.  | 4900  |2041|2143|2245|2347|2449|2551|2653|2755|2857|2959|
+  |1778 mm.| 3161  |1435|1507|1578|1650|1722|1793|1865|1937|2009|2081|
+  |71 in.  | 5041  |1984|2083|2182|2281|2380|2480|2579|2678|2777|2876|
+  |1803 mm.| 3252  |1395|1464|1534|1604|1674|1743|1813|1883|1953|2022|
+  |72 in.  | 5184  |1929|2025|2122|2218|2315|2411|2508|2604|2701|2797|
+  |1829 mm.| 3345  |1356|1424|1492|1560|1627|1695|1763|1831|1899|1967|
+  |73 in.  | 5329  |1877|1970|2064|2158|2252|2346|2439|2533|2627|2721|
+  |1854 mm.| 3438  |1319|1385|1451|1517|1583|1649|1715|1781|1847|1913|
+  |74 in.  | 5476  |1826|1917|2029|2100|2191|2283|2374|2465|2557|2648|
+  |1880 mm.| 3533  |1284|1348|1412|1477|1541|1605|1669|1733|1797|1862|
+  |75 in.  | 5625  |1778|1867|1956|2044|2133|2222|2311|2400|2489|2578|
+  |1905 mm.| 3629  |1250|1312|1375|1437|1500|1562|1625|1687|1750|1812|
+  |76 in.  | 5776  |1731|1818|1904|1991|2078|2164|2251|2337|2424|2510|
+  |1930 mm.| 3726  |1217|1278|1339|1400|1461|1522|1582|1643|1704|1765|
+  |77 in.  | 5929  |1687|1771|1855|1940|2024|2108|2193|2277|2361|2446|
+  |1956 mm.| 3825  |1186|1245|1304|1364|1423|1482|1541|1601|1660|1719|
+  |78 in.  | 6084  |1644|1726|1808|1890|1972|2055|2137|2219|2301|2383|
+  |1981 mm.| 3925  |1156|1213|1271|1329|1387|1445|1502|1560|1618|1676|
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |Weight  |Pounds | 150| 155| 160| 165| 170| 175| 180| 185| 190| 195|
+  |        |Decigr.|6804|7031|7258|7484|7711|7938|8165|8392|8618|8815|
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |Stature |Stat.² |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |55 in.  | 3025  |4959|5124|5289|5455|5620|5785|5950|6116|6281|6446|
+  |1397 mm.| 1952  |3486|3603|3719|3835|3951|4067|4184|4300|4416|4532|
+  |56 in.  | 3136  |4783|4943|5102|5261|5421|5580|5740|5899|6059|6218|
+  |1422 mm.| 2023  |3363|3475|3587|3699|3811|3923|4036|4148|4260|4372|
+  |57 in.  | 3249  |4617|4771|4925|5078|5232|5386|5540|5694|5848|6002|
+  |1448 mm.| 2096  |3246|3354|3462|3571|3679|3787|3895|4002|4112|4220|
+  |58 in.  | 3364  |4459|4608|4756|4905|5054|5202|5351|5499|5648|5797|
+  |1473 mm.| 2170  |3135|3240|3344|3449|3553|3658|3762|3867|3971|4076|
+  |59 in.  | 3481  |4309|4453|4596|4740|4884|5027|5171|5315|5458|5602|
+  |1499 mm.| 2246  |3030|3131|3232|3333|3434|3535|3636|3737|3838|3939|
+  |60 in.  | 3600  |4167|4306|4444|4583|4722|4861|5000|5139|5278|5417|
+  |1524 mm.| 2323  |2930|3027|3125|3222|3320|3418|3515|3613|3711|3808|
+  |61 in.  | 3721  |4031|4166|4300|4434|4569|4703|4847|4972|5106|5241|
+  |1549 mm.| 2401  |2834|2929|3023|3118|3212|3307|3401|3496|3590|3684|
+  |62 in.  | 3844  |3902|4032|4162|4292|4422|4553|4683|4813|4943|5073|
+  |1575 mm.| 2480  |2744|2835|2926|3018|3109|3201|3292|3384|3475|3567|
+  |63 in.  | 3969  |3779|3905|4031|4157|4283|4409|4535|4661|4787|4913|
+  |1600 mm.| 2561  |2657|2746|2834|2923|3011|3100|3189|3277|3366|3454|
+  |64 in.  | 4096  |3662|3784|3906|4028|4150|4272|4395|4517|4639|4716|
+  |1626 mm.| 2643  |2575|2661|2746|2832|2918|3004|3090|3175|3261|3347|
+  |65 in.  | 4225  |3550|3669|3787|3905|4024|4142|4260|4379|4497|4615|
+  |1651 mm.| 2726  |2496|2579|2662|2745|2829|2912|2995|3079|3162|3245|
+  |66 in.  | 4356  |3443|3558|3673|3788|3903|4018|4132|4247|4362|4477|
+  |1676 mm.| 2810  |2421|2502|2583|2663|2744|2825|2905|2986|3067|3147|
+  |67 in.  | 4489  |3342|3453|3564|3676|3787|3898|4010|4121|4233|4344|
+  |1702 mm.| 2896  |2349|2428|2506|2584|2663|2741|2819|2898|2976|3054|
+  |68 in.  | 4624  |3244|3352|3460|3568|3676|3785|3893|4000|4109|4217|
+  |1727 mm.| 2983  |2281|2357|2433|2509|2585|2661|2738|2814|2890|2966|
+  |69 in.  | 4761  |3151|3256|3361|3466|3571|3676|3781|3886|3991|4096|
+  |1753 mm.| 3072  |2215|2289|2363|2436|2510|2584|2658|2732|2806|2880|
+  |70 in.  | 4900  |3061|3163|3265|3367|3469|3571|3673|3776|3878|3980|
+  |1778 mm.| 3161  |2152|2224|2296|2368|2439|2511|2583|2654|2726|2798|
+  |71 in.  | 5041  |2976|3075|3174|3273|3372|3472|3571|3670|3769|3868|
+  |1803 mm.| 3252  |2092|2162|2232|2301|2371|2441|2511|2580|2650|2720|
+  |72 in.  | 5184  |2894|2990|3086|3183|3279|3376|3472|3569|3665|3762|
+  |1829 mm.| 3345  |2034|2102|2170|2238|2306|2373|2441|2509|2577|2645|
+  |73 in.  | 5329  |2815|2909|3002|3096|3190|3284|3378|3472|3565|3659|
+  |1854 mm.| 3438  |1979|2045|2111|2177|2243|2309|2375|2441|2507|2573|
+  |74 in.  | 5476  |2739|2831|2922|3013|3104|3196|3287|3378|3470|3561|
+  |1880 mm.| 3533  |1926|1990|2054|2118|2183|2247|2311|2375|2439|2504|
+  |75 in.  | 5625  |2667|2756|2844|2933|3022|3111|3200|3289|3378|3467|
+  |1905 mm.| 3629  |1875|1937|2000|2062|2125|2187|2250|2312|2375|2437|
+  |76 in.  | 5776  |2597|2684|2770|2857|2943|3030|3116|3203|3289|3376|
+  |1930 mm.| 3726  |1826|1887|1928|2008|2069|2130|2191|2252|2313|2373|
+  |77 in.  | 5929  |2530|2614|2697|2783|2867|2952|3036|3120|3205|3289|
+  |1956 mm.| 3825  |1779|1838|1897|1957|2016|2075|2134|2194|2253|2312|
+  |78 in.  | 6084  |2465|2548|2630|2712|2794|2876|2959|3041|3123|3205|
+  |1981 mm.| 3925  |1733|1791|1849|1907|1965|2022|2080|2138|2196|2253|
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+--------+-------+
+  |Weight  |Pounds | 200| 205| 210| 215| 220|  225|1 pound | 5 lbs.|
+  |        |Decigr.|9072|9299|9526|9752|9979|10206|  45.4  |  227  |
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+ centg. | centg.|
+  |Stature |Stat.² |    |    |    |    |    |     |        |       |
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+--------+-------+
+  |55 in.  | 3025  |6612|6777|6942|7107|7273| 7438|  33.055| 165.27|
+  |1397 mm.| 1952  |4648|4765|4881|4997|5113| 5230|2324.0  |1162.09|
+  |56 in.  | 3136  |6378|6537|6696|6856|7015| 7175|  31.888| 159.47|
+  |1422 mm.| 2023  |4481|4596|4708|4820|4932| 5044|2242.0  |1121.0 |
+  |57 in.  | 3249  |6155|6310|6464|6617|6771| 6925|  30.779| 153.84|
+  |1448 mm.| 2096  |4328|4436|4544|4653|4761| 4869|2164.0  |1082.0 |
+  |58 in.  | 3364  |5945|6094|6240|6391|6543| 6688|  29.737| 148.64|
+  |1473 mm.| 2170  |4180|4285|4389|4494|4598| 4703|2090.0  |1045.0 |
+  |59 in.  | 3481  |5745|5589|6033|6176|6320| 6464|  28.727| 143.64|
+  |1499 mm.| 2246  |4040|4141|4242|4343|4444| 4545|2020.0  |1010.0 |
+  |60 in.  | 3600  |5556|5694|5833|5972|6111| 6250|  27.778| 138.89|
+  |1524 mm.| 2323  |3906|4004|4101|4199|4297| 4394|1953.0  |9765.0 |
+  |61 in.  | 3721  |5375|5509|5344|5778|5912| 6947|  26.874| 134.37|
+  |1549 mm.| 2401  |3779|3874|3968|4062|4157| 4251|1890.0  |9448.0 |
+  |62 in.  | 3844  |5203|5333|5463|5593|5723| 5853|  26.015| 130.08|
+  |1575 mm.| 2480  |3658|3750|3841|3932|4024| 4115|1829.0  |9145.0 |
+  |63 in.  | 3969  |5039|5165|5291|5417|5543| 5669|  25.195| 125.98|
+  |1600 mm.| 2561  |3543|3631|3720|3809|3897| 3986|1771.0  |8857.0 |
+  |64 in.  | 4096  |4883|5005|5127|5249|5371| 5493|  23.414| 122.07|
+  |1626 mm.| 2643  |3433|3519|3605|3690|3776| 3862|1716.0  |8582.0 |
+  |65 in.  | 4225  |4734|4852|4970|5089|5207| 5325|  23.669| 118.35|
+  |1651 mm.| 2726  |3328|3411|3495|3578|3661| 3744|1664.0  |8320.0 |
+  |66 in.  | 4356  |4591|4706|4821|4936|5051| 5165|  22.957| 114.79|
+  |1676 mm.| 2810  |3228|3309|3390|3470|3551| 3632|1614.0  |8070.0 |
+  |67 in.  | 4489  |4455|4567|4678|4789|4901| 5012|  22.277| 111.39|
+  |1702 mm.| 2896  |3132|3211|3289|3367|3446| 3524|1566.0  |7831.0 |
+  |68 in.  | 4624  |4325|4433|4542|4650|4758| 4866|  21.626| 108.13|
+  |1727 mm.| 2983  |3042|3118|3194|3270|3346| 3422|1521.0  |7603.0 |
+  |69 in.  | 4761  |4201|4306|4411|4516|4621| 4726|  21.004| 105.02|
+  |1753 mm.| 3072  |2954|3027|3101|3175|3249| 3323|1477.0  |7384.0 |
+  |70 in.  | 4900  |4082|4184|4286|4388|4490| 4592|  20.408| 102.04|
+  |1778 mm.| 3161  |2870|2941|3013|3085|3157| 3228|1435.0  |7174.0 |
+  |71 in.  | 5041  |3967|4067|4166|4265|4364| 4463|  19.837|  99.19|
+  |1803 mm.| 3252  |2789|2859|2929|2999|3068| 3138|1395.0  |6974.0 |
+  |72 in.  | 5184  |3858|3954|4051|4147|4244| 4340|  19.290|  96.46|
+  |1829 mm.| 3345  |2713|2780|2848|2916|2984| 3052|1356.0  |6781.0 |
+  |73 in.  | 5329  |3753|3847|3941|4035|4128| 4222|  18.765|  93.83|
+  |1854 mm.| 3438  |2639|2704|2771|2837|2903| 2969|1319.0  |6597.0 |
+  |74 in.  | 5476  |3652|3744|3835|3926|4018| 4109|  18.262|  91.31|
+  |1880 mm.| 3533  |2568|2632|2696|2760|2825| 2889|1283.9  |6424.0 |
+  |75 in.  | 5625  |3556|3644|3733|3822|3911| 4000|  17.778|  88.89|
+  |1905 mm.| 3629  |2500|2562|2625|2687|2750| 2812|1250.0  |6250.0 |
+  |76 in.  | 5776  |3463|3549|3636|3722|3809| 3895|  17.313|  86.57|
+  |1930 mm.| 3726  |2435|2495|2556|2617|2678| 2739|1217.0  |6086.0 |
+  |77 in.  | 5929  |3373|3458|3542|3626|3711| 3795|  16.866|  84.33|
+  |1956 mm.| 3825  |2372|2431|2490|2550|2609| 2668|1186.0  |5929.0 |
+  |78 in.  | 6084  |3287|3369|3452|3534|3616| 3698|  16.437|  82.19|
+  |1981 mm.| 3925  |2311|2369|2427|2485|2542| 2600|1155.0  |5778.0 |
+  +--------+-------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+--------+-------+
+
+
+TABLE XVII.—_Equivalent values of index of build by four different
+systems of ratios between weight and stature, English system, viz, weight
+÷ stature; weight ÷ stature²; weight ÷ stature²⸳⁵; weight ÷ stature³._
+
+Decimals omitted.
+
+  +-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |Power|        |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
+  | of  |Stature.| 100| 105| 110| 115| 120| 125| 130| 135| 140| 145| 150|
+  |stature.      |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
+  +-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+  |55   |      55|1819|1909|2000|2091|2182|2273|2364|2455|2545|2636|2727|
+  |55²  |    3025|3306|3471|3636|3802|3967|4132|4298|4463|4628|4793|4959|
+  |55²⸳⁵|   22434|4458|4680|4903|5126|5349|5572|5795|6018|6240|6463|6686|
+  |55³  |  166375|6011|6311|6612|6912|7213|7513|7814|8114|8415|8715|9016|
+  |56   |      56|1786|1875|1964|2054|2143|2232|2321|2411|2500|2589|2679|
+  |56²  |    3136|3189|3348|3507|3667|3827|3986|4145|4305|4464|4624|4783|
+  |56²⸳⁵|   23468|4261|4474|4687|4900|5113|5327|5540|5753|5966|6179|6392|
+  |56³  |  175616|5694|5979|6264|6548|6833|7118|7403|7687|7972|8257|8541|
+  |57   |      57|1754|1842|1930|2018|2105|2193|2281|2368|2456|2544|2632|
+  |57²  |    3249|3078|3232|3386|3540|3693|3847|4001|4155|4309|4463|4617|
+  |57²⸳⁵|   24529|4077|4281|4485|4688|4892|5096|5300|5504|5708|5911|6115|
+  |57³  |  185193|5400|5670|5940|6210|6480|6750|7020|7290|7560|7830|8100|
+  |58   |      58|1724|1810|1897|1983|2069|2155|2241|2328|2414|2500|2586|
+  |58²  |    3364|2973|3121|3270|3419|3567|3716|3864|4013|4162|4310|4459|
+  |58²⸳⁵|   25619|3903|4099|4293|4489|4684|4879|5074|5269|5465|5660|5855|
+  |58³  |  195112|5125|5382|5638|5894|6150|6407|6663|6919|7175|7432|7688|
+  |59   |      59|1695|1780|1864|1949|2034|2119|2203|2288|2373|2458|2542|
+  |59²  |    3481|2873|3016|3160|3304|3447|3591|3735|3878|4022|4165|4309|
+  |59²⸳⁵|   26738|3740|3927|4114|4301|4488|4675|4862|5049|5236|5423|5610|
+  |59³  |  205379|4869|5113|5356|5599|5843|6086|6330|6573|6817|7060|7304|
+  |60   |      60|1667|1750|1833|1917|2000|2083|2167|2250|2333|2417|2500|
+  |60²  |    3600|2778|2917|3056|3194|3333|3472|3611|3750|3888|4028|4167|
+  |60²⸳⁵|   27885|3586|3765|3945|4124|4303|4483|4662|4841|5021|5200|5379|
+  |60³  |  216000|4630|4861|5093|5324|5556|5787|6019|6250|6482|6730|6944|
+  |61   |      61|1639|1721|1803|1885|1967|2049|2131|2213|2295|2377|2459|
+  |61²  |    3721|2687|2822|2956|3091|3225|3359|3494|3628|3762|3897|4031|
+  |61²⸳⁵|   29062|3441|3613|3785|3957|4129|4301|4473|4645|4817|4989|5161|
+  |61³  |  226981|4406|4626|4846|5067|5287|5507|5727|5948|6168|6388|6609|
+  |62   |      62|1613|1694|1774|1855|1935|2016|2097|2177|2258|2339|2419|
+  |62²  |    3844|2601|2732|2862|2992|3122|3252|3382|3512|3642|3772|3902|
+  |62²⸳⁵|   30268|3304|3469|3634|3799|3965|4130|4295|4460|4625|4791|4956|
+  |62³  |  238828|4196|4406|4616|4825|5035|5245|5455|5665|5874|6084|6294|
+  |63   |      63|1587|1667|1746|1825|1905|1984|2063|2143|2222|2302|2381|
+  |63²  |    3969|2520|2646|2771|2897|3023|3149|3275|3401|3527|3653|3779|
+  |63²⸳⁵|   31503|3174|3333|3492|3651|3809|3968|4123|4285|4444|4603|4762|
+  |63³  |  250047|3999|4199|4399|4599|4799|4999|5199|5399|5599|5799|5999|
+  |64   |      64|1563|1641|1719|1797|1875|1953|2031|2109|2188|2266|2344|
+  |64²  |    4096|2441|2563|2686|2808|2930|3052|3174|3296|3418|3540|3662|
+  |64²⸳⁵|   32768|3052|3204|3357|3510|3662|3815|3967|4120|4273|4425|4578|
+  |64³  |  262144|3815|4005|4196|4387|4578|4768|4959|5150|5341|5531|5722|
+  |65   |      65|1538|1615|1692|1769|1846|1923|2000|2077|2154|2231|2308|
+  |65²  |    4225|2367|2485|2604|2722|2840|2959|3077|3195|3314|3432|3550|
+  |65²⸳⁵|   34063|2936|3083|3229|3376|3523|3670|3817|3963|4110|4257|4404|
+  |65³  |  274625|3641|3823|4006|4188|4370|4552|4734|4916|5098|5280|5462|
+  |66   |      66|1515|1591|1667|1742|1818|1894|1970|2045|2121|2197|2273|
+  |66²  |    4356|2296|2410|2525|2640|2755|2870|2984|3099|3214|3329|3443|
+  |66²⸳⁵|   35388|2826|2967|3108|3250|3391|3532|3674|3815|3956|4097|4239|
+  |66³  |  287496|3478|3652|3826|4000|4174|4348|4522|4696|4870|5044|5218|
+  |67   |      67|1493|1567|1642|1716|1791|1866|1940|2015|2090|2164|2239|
+  |67²  |    4489|2228|2339|2450|2562|2673|2785|2896|3007|3119|3230|3342|
+  |67²⸳⁵|   36744|2722|2858|2994|3130|3266|3402|3538|3674|3810|3946|4082|
+  |67³  |  300763|3325|3491|3657|3824|3990|4156|4322|4489|4655|4821|4987|
+  |68   |      68|1471|1544|1618|1691|1765|1838|1912|1985|2059|2132|2206|
+  |68²  |    4624|2163|2271|2379|2487|2595|2703|2811|2920|3028|3136|3244|
+  |68²⸳⁵|   38130|2623|2754|2885|3016|3147|3278|3409|3541|3672|3803|3934|
+  |68³  |  314432|3180|3339|3498|3657|3816|3975|4134|4294|4453|4612|4771|
+  |69   |      69|1449|1522|1594|1667|1739|1812|1884|1957|2029|2101|2174|
+  |69²  |    4761|2100|2205|2310|2415|2520|2625|2731|2836|2941|3046|3151|
+  |69²⸳⁵|   39095|2558|2686|2814|2842|3069|3197|3325|3454|3581|3709|3837|
+  |69³  |  328509|3044|3196|3349|3501|3653|3805|3957|4110|4262|4414|4566|
+  |70   |      70|1429|1500|1571|1643|1714|1786|1857|1929|2000|2071|2143|
+  |70²  |    4900|2041|2143|2245|2347|2449|2551|2653|2755|2857|2959|3061|
+  |70²⸳⁵|   40996|2439|2561|2683|2805|2927|3049|3171|3293|3415|3537|3659|
+  |70³  |  343000|2916|3061|3207|3353|3499|3644|3790|3936|4082|4227|4373|
+  |71   |      71|1408|1479|1549|1620|1690|1761|1831|1901|1972|2042|2113|
+  |71²  |    5041|1984|2083|2182|2281|2380|2480|2579|2678|2777|2876|2976|
+  |71²⸳⁵|   42476|2354|2472|2590|2707|2825|2943|3061|3178|3296|3414|3531|
+  |71³  |  357911|2794|2934|3074|3213|3353|3493|3632|3790|3936|4051|4191|
+  |72   |      72|1389|1458|1528|1597|1667|1736|1806|1875|1944|2014|2083|
+  |72²  |    5184|1929|2025|2122|2218|2315|2411|2508|2604|2701|2797|2894|
+  |72²⸳⁵|   43988|2273|2387|2501|2614|2728|2842|2955|3069|3183|3296|3410|
+  |72³  |  373248|2679|2813|2947|3081|3215|3349|3483|3617|3751|3885|4019|
+  |73   |      73|1370|1438|1507|1575|1644|1712|1781|1849|1918|1986|2055|
+  |73²  |    5329|1877|1970|2064|2158|2252|2346|2439|2533|2629|2721|2815|
+  |73²⸳⁵|   45531|2196|2306|2416|2526|2636|2745|2855|2965|3075|3185|3295|
+  |73³  |  389017|2571|2699|2829|2956|3085|3213|3342|3470|3599|3727|3856|
+  |74   |      74|1351|1419|1486|1554|1622|1689|1757|1824|1892|1959|2027|
+  |74²  |    5476|1826|1917|2029|2100|2191|2283|2374|2465|2557|2648|2739|
+  |74²⸳⁵|   47106|2123|2229|2335|2441|2547|2654|2760|2866|2972|3078|3184|
+  |74³  |  405224|2468|2591|2715|2838|2961|3085|3208|3332|3455|3578|3702|
+  |75   |      75|1333|1400|1467|1533|1600|1667|1733|1800|1867|1933|2000|
+  |75²  |    5625|1778|1867|1956|2044|2133|2222|2311|2400|2489|2578|2667|
+  |75²⸳⁵|   48714|2053|2155|2258|2361|2463|2566|2669|2771|2874|2977|3079|
+  |75³  |  421875|2373|2491|2610|2729|2847|2966|3085|3203|3322|3441|3559|
+  |76   |      76|1316|1382|1447|1513|1579|1645|1712|1776|1842|1908|1974|
+  |76²  |    5776|1731|1818|1904|1991|2078|2164|2251|2337|2424|2510|2597|
+  |76²⸳⁵|   50355|1986|2085|2185|2284|2383|2482|2582|2681|2780|2880|2979|
+  |76³  |  438976|2278|2392|2506|2620|2734|2848|2961|3075|3189|3303|3417|
+  |77   |      77|1299|1364|1429|1494|1558|1623|1688|1753|1818|1883|1948|
+  |77²  |    5929|1687|1771|1855|1940|2024|2108|2193|2277|2361|2446|2536|
+  |77²⸳⁵|   52027|1922|2018|2114|2210|2307|2403|2499|2595|2691|2787|2883|
+  |77³  |  456533|2190|2300|2410|2519|2629|2738|2848|2957|3067|3176|3286|
+  |78   |      78|1282|1346|1410|1474|1538|1603|1667|1731|1795|1859|1923|
+  |78²  |    6084|1644|1726|1808|1890|1972|2055|2137|2219|2301|2383|2465|
+  |78²⸳⁵|   53732|1861|1954|2047|2140|2233|2326|2419|2513|2606|2699|2792|
+  |78³  |  474522|2107|2213|2318|2424|2529|2634|2740|2845|2950|3056|3161|
+  +-----+--------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+
+  +-----+--------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |Power|        |    |    |    |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  | of  |Stature.| 155| 160| 165| 170 | 175 | 180 | 185 | 190 | 195 |
+  |stature.      |    |    |    |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+  +-----+--------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+  |55   |      55|2818|2909|3000| 3091| 3182| 3273| 3364| 3455| 3545|
+  |55²  |    3025|5124|5289|5455| 5620| 5785| 5950| 6116| 6281| 6446|
+  |55²⸳⁵|   22434|6909|7132|7355| 7578| 7801| 8024| 8246| 8469| 8692|
+  |55³  |  166375|9316|9617|9917|10218|10518|10819|11195|11420|11720|
+  |56   |      56|2768|2857|2946| 3036| 3125| 3214| 3304| 3393| 3482|
+  |56²  |    3136|4943|5102|5261| 5421| 5580| 5740| 5899| 6059| 6218|
+  |56²⸳⁵|   23468|6605|6818|7031| 7244| 7457| 7670| 7883| 8096| 8309|
+  |56³  |  175616|8826|9111|9396| 9680| 9965|10250|10534|10819|11104|
+  |57   |      57|2719|2807|2895| 2982| 3070| 3158| 3246| 3333| 3421|
+  |57²  |    3249|4771|4925|5078| 5232| 5386| 5540| 5694| 5848| 6002|
+  |57²⸳⁵|   24529|6319|6523|6727| 6931| 7134| 7338| 7542| 7746| 7950|
+  |57³  |  185193|8370|8640|8910| 9180| 9450| 9720| 9990|10260|10530|
+  |58   |      58|2672|2759|2845| 2931| 3017| 3103| 3190| 3276| 3362|
+  |58²  |    3364|4608|4756|4905| 5054| 5202| 5351| 5499| 5648| 5797|
+  |58²⸳⁵|   25619|6050|6245|6440| 6636| 6831| 7026| 7221| 7416| 7611|
+  |58³  |  195112|7944|8200|8457| 8713| 8969| 9226| 9482| 9738| 9994|
+  |59   |      59|2627|2712|2797| 2881| 2966| 3051| 3136| 3220| 3305|
+  |59²  |    3481|4453|4596|4740| 4884| 5027| 5171| 5315| 5458| 5602|
+  |59²⸳⁵|   26738|5797|5984|6171| 6358| 6545| 6732| 6919| 7106| 7293|
+  |59³  |  205379|7547|7791|8034| 8277| 8521| 8764| 9008| 9251| 9495|
+  |60   |      60|2583|2667|2750| 2833| 2917| 3000| 3083| 3167| 3250|
+  |60²  |    3600|4306|4444|4583| 4722| 4861| 5000| 5139| 5278| 5417|
+  |60²⸳⁵|   27885|5559|5738|5917| 6096| 6276| 6455| 6634| 6814| 6993|
+  |60³  |  216000|7176|7407|7639| 7871| 8102| 8333| 8565| 8796| 9028|
+  |61   |      61|2541|2623|2705| 2787| 2869| 2951| 3033| 3115| 3197|
+  |61²  |    3721|4166|4300|4434| 4569| 4703| 4837| 4972| 5106| 5241|
+  |61²⸳⁵|   29062|5333|5506|5678| 5850| 6022| 6194| 6366| 6538| 6710|
+  |61³  |  226981|6829|7049|7269| 7490| 7710| 7930| 8151| 8371| 8591|
+  |62   |      62|2500|2581|2661| 2742| 2823| 2903| 2984| 3065| 3145|
+  |62²  |    3844|4032|4162|4292| 4422| 4553| 4683| 4813| 4943| 5073|
+  |62²⸳⁵|   30268|5121|5286|5451| 5617| 5782| 5947| 6112| 6277| 6443|
+  |62³  |  238828|6504|6713|6923| 7133| 7343| 7553| 7762| 7972| 8182|
+  |63   |      63|2460|2540|2619| 2698| 2778| 2857| 2937| 3016| 3095|
+  |63²  |    3969|3905|4031|4157| 4283| 4409| 4535| 4661| 4787| 4913|
+  |63²⸳⁵|   31503|4920|5079|5238| 5396| 5555| 5714| 5873| 6031| 6190|
+  |63³  |  250047|6199|6399|6599| 6799| 6999| 7199| 7399| 7599| 7799|
+  |64   |      64|2422|2500|2578| 2656| 2734| 2813| 2891| 2969| 3047|
+  |64²  |    4096|3784|3906|4028| 4150| 4272| 4395| 4517| 4639| 4761|
+  |64²⸳⁵|   32768|4730|4883|5035| 5188| 5341| 5493| 5646| 5798| 5951|
+  |64³  |  262144|5913|6104|6294| 6485| 6676| 6867| 7057| 7248| 7439|
+  |65   |      65|2385|2462|2538| 2615| 2692| 2769| 2846| 2923| 3000|
+  |65²  |    4225|3669|3787|3905| 4024| 4142| 4260| 4379| 4497| 4615|
+  |65²⸳⁵|   34063|4550|4697|4844| 4991| 5138| 5284| 5431| 5578| 5725|
+  |65³  |  274625|5644|5826|6008| 6190| 6372| 6554| 6735| 6919| 7101|
+  |66   |      66|2348|2424|2500| 2576| 2652| 2727| 2803| 2879| 2955|
+  |66²  |    4356|3558|3673|3788| 3903| 4017| 4132| 4247| 4362| 4477|
+  |66²⸳⁵|   35388|4380|4521|4663| 4804| 4945| 5086| 5228| 5369| 5510|
+  |66³  |  287496|5391|5565|5739| 5913| 6087| 6261| 6435| 6609| 6783|
+  |67   |      67|2313|2388|2463| 2537| 2612| 2687| 2761| 2836| 2910|
+  |67²  |    4489|3453|3564|3676| 3787| 3898| 4010| 4121| 4233| 4344|
+  |67²⸳⁵|   36744|4218|4355|4491| 4623| 4763| 4899| 5035| 5171| 5307|
+  |67³  |  300763|5154|5320|5486| 5652| 5819| 5985| 6151| 6317| 6484|
+  |68   |      68|2279|2353|2426| 2500| 2574| 2647| 2721| 2794| 2868|
+  |68²  |    4624|3352|3460|3568| 3676| 3785| 3893| 4000| 4109| 4217|
+  |68²⸳⁵|   38130|4065|4196|4327| 4458| 4590| 4721| 4852| 4983| 5114|
+  |68³  |  314432|4930|5089|5248| 5407| 5566| 5725| 5884| 6043| 6202|
+  |69   |      69|2246|2319|2391| 2464| 2536| 2609| 2681| 2754| 2826|
+  |69²  |    4761|3256|3361|3466| 3571| 3676| 3781| 3886| 3991| 4096|
+  |69²⸳⁵|   39095|3965|4093|4221| 4345| 4476| 4604| 4372| 4860| 4988|
+  |69³  |  328509|4618|4871|5023| 5175| 5327| 5479| 5632| 5784| 5936|
+  |70   |      70|2214|2286|2357| 2429| 2500| 2571| 2643| 2714| 2786|
+  |70²  |    4900|3163|3265|3367| 3469| 3571| 3673| 3776| 3878| 3980|
+  |70²⸳⁵|   40996|3781|3903|4025| 4145| 4269| 4391| 4513| 4635| 4757|
+  |70³  |  343000|4519|4665|4811| 4956| 5102| 5248| 5394| 5539| 5685|
+  |71   |      71|2183|2254|2324| 2394| 2465| 2535| 2606| 2676| 2746|
+  |71²  |    5041|3075|3174|3273| 3372| 3472| 3571| 3670| 3769| 3868|
+  |71²⸳⁵|   42476|3649|3767|3885| 4002| 4120| 4238| 4355| 4473| 4591|
+  |71³  |  357911|4331|4470|4610| 4750| 4889| 5029| 5169| 5309| 5448|
+  |72   |      72|2153|2222|2292| 2361| 2431| 2500| 2569| 2639| 2708|
+  |72²  |    5184|2990|3086|3183| 3279| 3376| 3472| 3569| 3665| 3762|
+  |72²⸳⁵|   43988|3524|3637|3751| 3865| 3978| 4092| 4206| 4319| 4433|
+  |72³  |  373248|4153|4287|4421| 4555| 4689| 4823| 4957| 5091| 5224|
+  |73   |      73|2123|2192|2260| 2329| 2397| 2466| 2534| 2603| 2671|
+  |73²  |    5329|2909|3002|3096| 3190| 3284| 3378| 3472| 3565| 3659|
+  |73²⸳⁵|   45531|3404|3514|3624| 3734| 3844| 3953| 4063| 4174| 4283|
+  |73³  |  389017|3984|4113|4242| 4370| 4499| 4627| 4756| 4884| 5013|
+  |74   |      74|2095|2162|2230| 2297| 2365| 2432| 2500| 2568| 2635|
+  |74²  |    5476|2831|2922|3013| 3104| 3196| 3287| 3378| 3470| 3561|
+  |74²⸳⁵|   47106|3290|3397|3503| 3609| 3715| 3821| 3927| 4033| 4140|
+  |74³  |  405224|3825|3948|4072| 4195| 4319| 4442| 4565| 4689| 4812|
+  |75   |      75|2067|2133|2200| 2267| 2333| 2400| 2467| 2533| 2600|
+  |75²  |    5625|2756|2844|2930| 3022| 3111| 3200| 3289| 3378| 3467|
+  |75²⸳⁵|   48714|3182|3285|3387| 3490| 3592| 3695| 3798| 3900| 4003|
+  |75³  |  421875|3678|3796|3915| 4034| 4152| 4271| 4390| 4508| 4627|
+  |76   |      76|2039|2105|2171| 2237| 2303| 2368| 2434| 2500| 2566|
+  |76²  |    5776|2684|2770|2857| 2943| 3030| 3116| 3203| 3289| 3376|
+  |76²⸳⁵|   50355|3078|3177|3277| 3376| 3475| 3575| 3674| 3773| 3873|
+  |76³  |  438976|3531|3645|3759| 3873| 3987| 4101| 4214| 4328| 4442|
+  |77   |      77|2013|2078|2143| 2208| 2273| 2338| 2403| 2468| 2532|
+  |77²  |    5929|2614|2697|2783| 2867| 2952| 3036| 3120| 3205| 3289|
+  |77²⸳⁵|   52027|2979|3075|3171| 3268| 3364| 3460| 3556| 3652| 3748|
+  |77³  |  456533|3395|3505|3614| 3724| 3833| 3943| 4052| 4162| 4271|
+  |78   |      78|1987|2051|2115| 2179| 2244| 2308| 2372| 2436| 2500|
+  |78²  |    6084|2548|2630|2712| 2794| 2876| 2959| 3041| 3123| 3205|
+  |78²⸳⁵|   53732|2885|2978|3071| 3164| 3257| 3350| 3443| 3536| 3629|
+  |78³  |  474522|3266|3372|3477| 3583| 3688| 3793| 3899| 4004| 4109|
+  +-----+--------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+
+  +-----+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+
+  |Power|        |     |     |     |     |     |     |      |      |
+  | of  |Stature.| 200 | 205 | 210 | 215 | 220 | 225 | 1 lb.|5 lbs.|
+  |stature.      |     |     |     |     |     |     |      |      |
+  +-----+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+
+  |55   |      55| 3636| 3727| 3818| 3909| 4000| 4091|18.18 | 90.91|
+  |55²  |    3025| 6612| 6777| 6942| 7107| 7273| 7438|33.055|165.27|
+  |55²⸳⁵|   22434| 8915| 9138| 9361| 9587| 9807|10029|44.575|222.88|
+  |55³  |  166375|12021|12322|12622|12923|13223|13524|60.105|300.53|
+  |56   |      56| 3571| 3661| 3750| 3839| 3929| 4018|17.857| 89.29|
+  |56²  |    3136| 6378| 6537| 6696| 6856| 7015| 7175|31.888|165.27|
+  |56²⸳⁵|   23468| 8522| 8735| 8947| 9161| 9375| 9588|42.612|213.06|
+  |56³  |  175616|11389|11673|11958|12243|12527|12812|56.942|284.71|
+  |57   |      57| 3509| 3596| 3684| 3772| 3860| 3947|17.544| 87.72|
+  |57²  |    3249| 6155| 6310| 6464| 6617| 6771| 6925|30.779|153.89|
+  |57²⸳⁵|   24529| 8154| 8357| 8561| 8765| 8969| 9173|40.768|203.84|
+  |57³  |  185193|10800|11070|11340|11610|11880|12150|53.998|269.99|
+  |58   |      58| 3448| 3534| 3621| 3707| 3793| 3879|17.241| 86.21|
+  |58²  |    3364| 5945| 6014| 6243| 6391| 6543| 6688|29.737|148.64|
+  |58²⸳⁵|   25619| 7807| 8002| 8197| 8392| 8587| 8782|39.033|195.16|
+  |58³  |  195112|10251|10507|10763|11019|11276|11532|51.253|256.26|
+  |59   |      59| 3390| 3475| 3559| 3644| 3729| 3814|16.949| 84.75|
+  |59²  |    3481| 5745| 5589| 6033| 6176| 6320| 6464|28.727|143.64|
+  |59²⸳⁵|   26738| 7480| 7667| 7854| 8041| 8228| 8415|37.400|187.00|
+  |59³  |  205379| 9738| 9982|10225|10469|10712|10955|48.691|243.45|
+  |60   |      60| 3333| 3417| 3500| 3583| 3667| 3750|16.667| 83.33|
+  |60²  |    3600| 5556| 5694| 5833| 5972| 6111| 6250|27.778|138.89|
+  |60²⸳⁵|   27885| 7172| 7352| 7531| 7710| 7890| 8069|35.861|179.31|
+  |60³  |  216000| 9259| 9491| 9722| 9954|10185|10416|46.296|231.48|
+  |61   |      61| 3279| 3361| 3443| 3525| 3607| 3689|16.393| 81.97|
+  |61²  |    3721| 5375| 5509| 5644| 5778| 5912| 6047|26.874|134.37|
+  |61²⸳⁵|   29062| 6882| 7054| 7226| 7398| 7570| 7742|34.409|172.05|
+  |61³  |  226981| 8811| 9032| 9252| 9472| 9692| 9913|44.057|220.28|
+  |62   |      62| 3226| 3306| 3387| 3468| 3548| 3629|16.129| 80.65|
+  |62²  |    3844| 5203| 5333| 5463| 5593| 5723| 5853|26.015|130.08|
+  |62²⸳⁵|   30268| 6608| 6773| 6938| 7103| 7269| 7434|33.039|165.19|
+  |62³  |  238828| 8392| 8602| 8811| 9021| 9231| 9441|41.959|209.80|
+  |63   |      63| 3175| 3254| 3333| 3413| 3492| 3571|15.873| 79.37|
+  |63²  |    3969| 5039| 5165| 5291| 5417| 5543| 5669|25.195|125.98|
+  |63²⸳⁵|   31503| 6349| 6507| 6666| 6825| 6984| 7142|31.743|158.72|
+  |63³  |  250047| 7999| 8199| 8399| 8598| 8798| 8998|39.993|199.96|
+  |64   |      64| 3125| 3203| 3281| 3359| 3438| 3516|15.625| 78.13|
+  |64²  |    4096| 4883| 5005| 5127| 5249| 5371| 5493|24.414|122.07|
+  |64²⸳⁵|   32768| 6104| 6256| 6409| 6561| 6714| 6867|30.518|152.59|
+  |64³  |  262144| 7629| 7820| 8011| 8202| 8392| 8583|38.147|190.74|
+  |65   |      65| 3077| 3154| 3231| 3308| 3385| 3462|15.384| 76.92|
+  |65²  |    4225| 4734| 4852| 4970| 5089| 5207| 5325|23.669|118.35|
+  |65²⸳⁵|   34063| 5872| 6018| 6165| 6312| 6459| 6605|29.358|146.79|
+  |65³  |  274625| 7283| 7465| 7647| 7829| 8011| 8193|36.413|182.07|
+  |66   |      66| 3030| 3106| 3182| 3258| 3333| 3409|15.152| 75.76|
+  |66²  |    4356| 4591| 4706| 4821| 4936| 5051| 5165|22.957|114.79|
+  |66²⸳⁵|   35388| 5652| 5793| 5934| 6076| 6217| 6358|28.258|141.29|
+  |66³  |  287496| 6957| 7131| 7305| 7478| 7652| 7826|34.783|173.92|
+  |67   |      67| 2985| 3060| 3134| 3209| 3284| 3358|14.925| 74.63|
+  |67²  |    4489| 4455| 4567| 4678| 4789| 4901| 5012|22.277|111.39|
+  |67²⸳⁵|   36744| 5443| 5579| 5715| 5851| 5987| 6123|27.215|136.08|
+  |67³  |  300763| 6650| 6816| 6982| 7149| 7315| 7481|33.249|166.24|
+  |68   |      68| 2941| 3015| 3088| 3162| 3235| 3309|14.706| 73.53|
+  |68²  |    4624| 4325| 4433| 4542| 4650| 4758| 4866|21.626|108.13|
+  |68²⸳⁵|   38130| 5245| 5376| 5507| 5639| 5770| 5901|26.226|131.29|
+  |68³  |  314432| 6361| 6520| 6679| 6838| 6997| 7156|31.803|159.02|
+  |69   |      69| 2899| 2971| 3043| 3116| 3188| 3261|14.493| 72.46|
+  |69²  |    4761| 4201| 4306| 4411| 4516| 4621| 4726|21.004|105.02|
+  |69²⸳⁵|   39095| 5116| 5244| 5372| 5499| 5627| 4744|25.787|127.89|
+  |69³  |  328509| 6088| 6240| 6393| 6545| 6697| 6849|30.441|152.20|
+  |70   |      70| 2857| 2929| 3000| 3071| 3143| 3214|14.286| 71.43|
+  |70²  |    4900| 4082| 4184| 4286| 4388| 4490| 4592|20.408|102.04|
+  |70²⸳⁵|   40996| 4879| 5001| 5112| 5244| 5366| 5488|24.392|121.96|
+  |70³  |  343000| 5831| 5977| 6122| 6268| 6414| 6560|29.155|145.77|
+  |71   |      71| 2817| 2887| 2958| 3028| 3099| 3169|14.085| 70.42|
+  |71²  |    5041| 3967| 4067| 4166| 4265| 4364| 4463|19.837| 99.19|
+  |71²⸳⁵|   42476| 4709| 4826| 4944| 5062| 5179| 5297|23.543|117.71|
+  |71³  |  357911| 5588| 5728| 5867| 6007| 6147| 6286|27.940|139.70|
+  |72   |      72| 2778| 2847| 2917| 2986| 3056| 3125|13.889| 69.44|
+  |72²  |    5184| 3858| 3954| 4051| 4147| 4244| 4340|19.290| 96.46|
+  |72²⸳⁵|   43988| 4547| 4660| 4774| 4889| 5001| 5115|22.734|113.67|
+  |72³  |  373248| 5358| 5492| 5626| 5760| 5894| 6028|26.792|133.96|
+  |73   |      73| 2740| 2808| 2877| 2945| 3014| 3082|13.698| 68.49|
+  |73²  |    5329| 3753| 3847| 3941| 4035| 4128| 4222|18.765| 93.83|
+  |73²⸳⁵|   45531| 4393| 4502| 4612| 4722| 4832| 4942|21.963|109.82|
+  |73³  |  389017| 5141| 5270| 5398| 5527| 5655| 5784|25.706|128.53|
+  |74   |      74| 2703| 2770| 2838| 2905| 2973| 3041|13.514| 67.57|
+  |74²  |    5476| 3652| 3744| 3835| 3926| 4018| 4109|18.262| 91.31|
+  |74²⸳⁵|   47106| 4246| 4352| 4458| 4564| 4670| 4776|21.229|106.14|
+  |74³  |  405224| 4936| 5059| 5182| 5306| 5429| 5553|24.678|123.39|
+  |75   |      75| 2667| 2733| 2800| 2867| 2933| 3000|13.333| 66.67|
+  |75²  |    5625| 3556| 3644| 3733| 3822| 3911| 4000|17.778| 88.89|
+  |75²⸳⁵|   48714| 4106| 4208| 4311| 4414| 4516| 4619|20.528|102.64|
+  |75³  |  421875| 4746| 4864| 4983| 5101| 5220| 5339|23.727|118.64|
+  |76   |      76| 2632| 2697| 2763| 2829| 2895| 2961|13.158| 65.79|
+  |76²  |    5776| 3463| 3549| 3636| 3722| 3809| 3895|17.313| 86.57|
+  |76²⸳⁵|   50355| 3972| 4071| 4170| 4270| 4369| 4468|19.860| 99.29|
+  |76³  |  438976| 4556| 4670| 4784| 4898| 5012| 5126|22.780|113.90|
+  |77   |      77| 2597| 2662| 2727| 2792| 2857| 2922|12.987| 64.94|
+  |77²  |    5929| 3373| 3458| 3542| 3626| 3711| 3795|16.868| 84.33|
+  |77²⸳⁵|   52027| 3844| 3940| 4036| 4133| 4229| 4325|19.221| 96.10|
+  |77³  |  456533| 4381| 4490| 4600| 4709| 4819| 4929|21.904|109.52|
+  |78   |      78| 2564| 2628| 2692| 2756| 2821| 2885|12.821| 64.10|
+  |78²  |    6084| 3287| 3369| 3452| 3534| 3716| 3698|16.437| 82.19|
+  |78²⸳⁵|   53732| 3722| 3815| 3908| 4001| 4094| 4187|18.611| 93.05|
+  |78³  |  474522| 4215| 4320| 4426| 4531| 4636| 4742|21.074|105.37|
+  +-----+--------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+
+
+
+TABLE XVIII.—_To transmute the English system of index of build to the
+metric system (10 units English = 0.7 unit metric)._
+
+  +--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
+  |English.|Metric.|English.|Metric.|English.|Metric.|English.|Metric.|
+  +--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
+  |   16   |  1.1  |   30   |  2.1  |   44   |  3.1  |   58   |  4.1  |
+  |   17   |  1.2  |   31   |  2.2  |   45   |  3.2  |   59   |  4.1  |
+  |   18   |  1.3  |   32   |  2.3  |   46   |  3.2  |   60   |  4.2  |
+  |   19   |  1.3  |   33   |  2.3  |   47   |  3.3  |   61   |  4.3  |
+  |   20   |  1.4  |   34   |  2.4  |   48   |  3.4  |   62   |  4.4  |
+  |   21   |  1.5  |   35   |  2.5  |   49   |  3.4  |   63   |  4.4  |
+  |   22   |  1.5  |   36   |  2.5  |   50   |  3.5  |   64   |  4.5  |
+  |   23   |  1.6  |   37   |  2.6  |   51   |  3.6  |   65   |  4.6  |
+  |   24   |  1.7  |   38   |  2.7  |   52   |  3.7  |   66   |  4.6  |
+  |   25   |  1.8  |   39   |  2.7  |   53   |  3.7  |   67   |  4.7  |
+  |   26   |  1.8  |   40   |  2.8  |   54   |  3.8  |   68   |  4.8  |
+  |   27   |  1.9  |   41   |  2.9  |   55   |  3.9  |   69   |  4.9  |
+  |   28   |  2.0  |   42   |  3.0  |   56   |  3.9  |   70   |  4.9  |
+  |   29   |  2.0  |   43   |  3.0  |   57   |  4.0  |        |       |
+  +--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+
+
+
+
+
+LITERATURE CITED.
+
+
+ARMSBY, H. P., and J. A. FRIES. 1911. The influence of type and of age
+upon the utilization of feed by cattle. U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bureau
+of Animal Industry, Bulletin 128, 245 pp., Oct.
+
+BALDWIN, B. T. 1921. The physical growth of children from birth to
+maturity. Univ. Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, I (No. 1), 411 pp., June.
+
+BARDEEN, C. R. 1920. The height-weight index of build in relation to
+linear and volumetric proportions, etc. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 272.
+
+BARKER, L. F. 1922. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 5 vols.
+
+BECK, H. G. 1922. “Dystrophia adiposo-genitalis” in Barker’s
+Endrocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. I, pp. 860-924.
+
+BARRETT, A. M. 1919. Hereditary occurrence of hypothyroidism with
+dystrophies of the nails and hair. Arch. Neurology and Psychiatry, II,
+pp. 628-637.
+
+BENEDICT, F. G., and F. B. TALBOT. 1915. The physiology of the new-born
+infant. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 233, 126 pp.
+
+——, and F. B. TALBOT. 1920. Metabolism and growth from birth to puberty.
+Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 302, 213 pp.
+
+CASTLE, W. E. 1922. Genetic studies of rabbits and rats. Carnegie Inst.
+Wash. Pub. No. 320, 55 pp., 2 pls.
+
+CHAMBERS, THOMAS KING. 1850. Corpulence, or excess of fat in the human
+body. Also published in Lancet, I, 1850, pp. 523, 557, 581, 651, 687, 747
+(page 652, table showing some inherited cases).
+
+CRUM, F. S. 1915. Anthropometric table: Male and female children from 6
+to 48 months old. Newark: Prudential Ins. Co., 2 pp.
+
+CUSHING, HARVEY. 1912. The pituitary body and its disorders.
+Philadelphia, 348 pp.
+
+DAFFNER, F. 1902. Das Wachstum des Menschen: Anthropologische Studien.
+Leipzig: Englemann, 475 pp.
+
+DAVENPORT, C. B. 1915. The feebly inhibited: Inheritance of temperament.
+Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 236.
+
+——, 1917. Inheritance of stature. Genetics, II, pp. 313-389, July.
+(Eugenics Record Office Bull. No. 18.)
+
+——, and A. G. LOVE. 1921. Army anthropology. Medical Dept. U. S. Army in
+World War, Vol. XV. Statistics, Part I, Gov’t Printing Office, 635 pp.
+
+GODIN, P. 1903. Recherches anthropométric sur la croissance des diverses
+parties du corps. Paris: Maloine, 212 pp.
+
+GROVER, J. I. 1915. Some measurements of normal children, especially of
+the arm and leg. Arch. Pediat., XXXII, pp. 473-486.
+
+GULICK, A. 1922. A study of weight regulation in adult human body during
+over-nutrition. Amer. Journal of Physiology, LX, 371-395.
+
+HECKEL, F. 1920. Grandes et petites obésités; cure radicale. Masson. 537
+pp.
+
+HITCHCOCK, E., H. H. SEELEY, and P. C. PHILLIPS. 1900. The anthropometric
+manual of Amherst College. Amherst, 40 pp.
+
+HOFFMAN, F. L. 1918. Army anthropometry and medical rejection statistics.
+Newark (N. J.): Prudential Press, 114 pp.
+
+HOWARD, ——. 1908. Abnormal development in a girl. Report for Soc.
+Diseases of Children, VIII, pp. 54-56.
+
+JANNEY, N. W. 1922. Hypothyroidism, in Barker’s Endocrinology and
+Metabolism. I, pp. 379-440.
+
+JOHNSON, HARRY. 1906. Liberia. 2 vols. London.
+
+LYON, I. P. 1910. Adiposis and lipomatosis. Arch. of Inter. Med. 6,
+28-120.
+
+MARANON, G., and E. BONILLA. 1920. Histoire clinique et autopsie d’un cas
+d’obésité mortelle. Rev. neurolog. 27, pp. 909-914.
+
+MARTIN, R. 1914. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. xvi + 1181 pp.
+
+MEDICO-ACTUARIAL MORTALITY INVESTIGATIONS. Vol. I. Compiled and published
+by the Association of Life Insurance Medical Doctors and the Actuarial
+Society of America. New York. 1912, 131 pp. (Build of men, p. 38. Build
+of women, p. 67.)
+
+MEEH, K. 1895. Volummessungen des menschlichen Körpers und siener
+einzelnen Theile in den verschiedenen Alterstufen. Ztsch. f. Biol. 31,
+pp. 125-147.
+
+MIES, J. 1889. Über die Masse, den Rauminhalt und die Dichte des
+Menschen. Virchow’s Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Physiol., 157, 90 pp.
+
+NICEFORO, A. 1910. Anthropologie der nichtbesitzenden Klassen. Leipzig:
+Maas u. Van Suchtelen, 512 pp.
+
+NOORDEN, CARL VON. 1907. “Obesity” in Noorden’s Metabolism and Practical
+Medicine, edited by W. Hall. Vol. III, pp. 693-715. London: Heinemann.
+
+PRICE, G. E. 1909. Adiposis dolorosa. Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., 137, pp.
+705-715.
+
+QUETELET, A. 1870. Anthropométrie ou mesure des différentes facultés de
+l’homme. Bruxelles.
+
+REITZ, E. 1904. Das Wachstum der Berliner Schulkinder während den
+Schuljahre. Arch. f. Anthropol., No. 5.I, pp. 30-42.
+
+ROSE, F. 1907. Obésité familiale. L’Encephale, II, pp. 299-303, 1 pl.
+
+SCHMID-MONNARD, R. 1892. Über den Einfluss des Millitärdienstes der
+Väter auf die körperliche Entwicklung ihrer Nachkommenschaft. Jahrb.
+Kinderheilkunde XXXIII, pp. 327-350.
+
+SINCLAIR, JAMES. 1907. History of Shorthorn Cattle. London: Vinton, 895
+pp.
+
+STRATZ, C. H. 1922. Der Körper des Kindes und seine Pflege. Stuttgart:
+Enke., 366 pp.
+
+TOWN, CLARA H. 1922. Analytic study of a group of five- and six-year-old
+children. Univ. Iowa Studies: Studies in Child Welfare, I (No. 4), 87 pp.
+
+UHLENHUTH, E. 1922. Hormone factors in growth and development, in
+Barker’s Endrocrinology and Metabolism I, pp. 181-203.
+
+WEISSENBURG, S. 1911. Das Wachstum des Menschen. Stuttgart: Strecher u.
+Schröder, 220 pp.
+
+WORTHINGTON, L. S. 1875. De l’obésité, étiologie, thérapeutique, et
+hygiène. Paris: Martinet, 188 pp.
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 1
+
+FIGS. 1 AND 2. Aspects of a man 19 yr. 2 mo., _below average of very
+slender_ group, weight 53 kg., stature 1,835 mm., chest-girth in repose
+762 mm., relative chest-girth 41.5; build 1.6 (22.5).
+
+FIGS. 3 AND 4. Aspects of a man 18 yr. 3 mo., of average _very slender_
+build, of Scotch stock, weight 60.2 kg., stature 1,907 mm., chest-girth
+in repose 789 mm., relative chest-girth 41.4; build 1.65 (23.5).
+
+FIGS. 5 AND 6. Aspects of a man 23 yr. 10 mo., of _slender_ build. Weight
+62.7 kg., stature 1,787 mm., chest-girth in repose 847 mm., relative
+chest-girth 47.4; build 1.98 (28).]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 2
+
+FIGS. 1 AND 2. Aspects of an American-born man of 19.6 yr., of _medium_
+build. Weight 67.8 kg., stature 1,715 mm., chest-girth in repose 880 mm.,
+relative chest-girth 51.3; build 2.3 (33).
+
+FIGS. 3 AND 4. Aspects of a man of 17 yr. 9 mo., of _fleshy_ build.
+Weight 74.3 kg., stature 1,640 mm., chest-girth in repose 920 mm.,
+relative chest-girth 56.1; build 2.7. (39).
+
+FIGS. 5 AND 6. Aspects of a man 19 yr. 5 mo. 15 dy., of _very fleshy_
+build. Weight 90.7 kg., stature 1,617 mm., chest-girth in repose 1,013
+mm., relative chest-girth 62.6; build 3.5 (49.5).]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 3
+
+1. Boys of ages 6 to 7. 2. Boys of 9 to 10. 3. Boys of 15 to 16, of
+Baltimore schools.
+
+Whereas the distance from umbilicus to vertex increases only slightly
+in passing from the youngest to the eldest group, the distance of the
+umbilicus above the floor increases greatly—the increase of stature is
+mainly increase in length of leg. Again, boys of 9 to 10 years have
+shoulders (and chests) very little broader than those of 6 to 7 years;
+but boys of 15 and 16 years (whose relative chest-girth is much above the
+minimum 12 years) have much broader shoulders and chests than those of 9
+to 10 years.]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 4
+
+School boys, Brooklyn, N. Y., illustrating change in proportion with age.
+
+FIG. 1. 9 yr. 11 mo. 6 dy.
+
+FIG. 2. 10 yr. 6 mo.
+
+FIG. 3. 10 yr. 9 mo.
+
+FIG. 4. 9 yr. 1 mo.
+
+FIG. 5. 11 yr. 2 mo. 26 dy.
+
+FIG. 6. 9 yr. 1 mo. 10 dy.
+
+FIG. 7. 10 yr. 8 mo. 7 dy.]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 5
+
+School boys, Brooklyn, N. Y., illustrating change in proportion with age.
+
+FIG. 8. 13 yr. 6 mo. 13 dy.
+
+FIG. 9. 13 yr. 8 mo. 6 dy.
+
+FIG. 10. 13 yr. 9 mo. 6 dy.
+
+FIG. 11. 13 yr. 7 mo. 15 dy.
+
+FIG. 12. 11 yr. 9 mo. 23 dy.]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 6
+
+School boys, Brooklyn, N. Y., illustrating change in proportion with age.
+
+FIG. 13. 16 yr. 3 mo. 22 dy.
+
+FIG. 14. 16 yr. 0 mo. 7 dy.
+
+FIG. 15. 17 yr. 1 mo. 19 dy.
+
+FIG. 16. 17 yr. 9 mo. 16 dy.
+
+FIG. 17. 16 yr. 1 mo. 3 dy.]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 7
+
+FIG. 1. Girl 12 months of age, at Sunnyside Day Nursery.
+
+FIG. 2. Boy 13 years old, at a Hebrew home. Compare relative length of
+leg with figure 1.
+
+FIG. 3. Girl 12 years, the age of maximum relative leg-length—rather
+exceptional in disproportion between leg and trunk length. From C. H.
+Stratz, 1922.
+
+FIG. 4. Torso of a mature young man from comparison with that of a
+young woman (Fig. 5). Note the difference in breadth of shoulders and
+transverse diameter of chest. Fig. 4 is a French photograph. Fig. 5 is
+copied from Kossman und Weiss, “Mann und Weib,” I, p. 51.]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 8
+
+FIGS. 1 AND 2. “Miss Allen” at the ages of 4 and 23 years respectively,
+as evidence of persistence of an early juvenile condition of build.
+
+FIGS. 3, 4, 5. Views of a case of obesity of the kind called dystrophia
+adiposo-genitalis typus feminus, age 16 years. This case is characterized
+by obesity, knock-knee, large breasts and mons, and rudimentary genitalia
+(from Ebaugh and Hoskins in Barker: Endocrines and Metabolism I: 881).]
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 9
+
+FIG. 1. Rose O, the individual indicated in fig. 35 at III 15; 15 years
+of age, stature of 145 cm., weight of 85 kg.; build 4.0 (54), relative
+chest-girth 0.78, very fleshy.
+
+FIG. 2. III 2 in Rec. family (p. 139); build 4.2 (57); relative
+chest-girth 0.90.
+
+FIG. 3. Daughter of foregoing; build 3.7 (52).
+
+FIG. 4. G. sisters, of Luray, Va., showing contrast of build in two full
+sisters of a heterozygous mating.
+
+FIG. 5. The girl at the left is the daughter in the Smi. family pedigree
+(p. 110). The other is an unrelated friend. This daughter has the formula
+at 14 years: 79 kg./170 cm.; build 2.7 (3); relative chest-girth, 60,
+fleshy.]
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78107 ***
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+<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78107 ***</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_i">[i]</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage larger">BODY-BUILD AND ITS INHERITANCE</p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smaller">BY</span><br>
+CHARLES BENEDICT DAVENPORT<br>
+<span class="smaller">DIRECTOR OF DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS,
+CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON</span></p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter titlepage illowp75" style="max-width: 12.5em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/carnegie.jpg" alt="CARNEGIE
+  INSTITUTE OF WASHINGTON 1902">
+</figure>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">Published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington<br>
+Washington, December 1923</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ii">[ii]</span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<p class="titlepage">CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON<br>
+<span class="smcap">Publication No. 329</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">Paper No. 35 of the Department of Genetics</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage smaller">JUDD &amp; DETWEILER<br>
+WASHINGTON</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_iii">[iii]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>This study of the hereditary factors of body-build is an outgrowth
+of the author’s activities in the office of the Surgeon-General of the
+Army during the World War, where he was in charge of anthropology.
+In the examination of thousands of young men the extraordinary
+diversity of build was a striking fact. The question of its genetic
+basis arose and the desire was stimulated to find out if those physiologists
+are correct who account for variations from average build
+solely on the ground of special conditions of food intake and activity,
+and generally disregard the possibility that factors of heredity are
+involved. It was anticipated that the study would be a minor one.
+But, on account of the wealth of family data at the Eugenics Record
+Office, the task assumed unexpectedly large proportions. Much correspondence
+had to be undertaken to secure confirmation or correction
+of the records, and the period of analysis of the materials grew from
+months into years, while the manuscript of the text and tables
+accumulated.</p>
+
+<p>Though it has added much to the bulk of the volume, it has seemed
+desirable to print full details about the more critical cases. Geographical
+location, race, occupation, and diseases have been generally
+given because they all bear upon build. The height and weight are
+of course given, and these are usually in English measurements, since
+they were first reported in that system. They are given in brief form
+thus: “120/63 inches”; which means that the subject weighed 120
+pounds (usually including clothing) and was 63 inches tall (without
+shoes). The word “inches” is added as an indicator of the system of
+measurement employed. In other cases English measures, or indices
+based on them, are placed in parenthesis in accordance with scientific
+custom. Net relative chest-girths, where given, are based on measurements
+taken just below the axilla, are reduced to “on skin”
+measurements by subtracting 3 centimeters for summer clothing and
+6 centimeters for indoor winter clothing, and are divided by net
+stature.</p>
+
+<p>To this book many persons have contributed. Hundreds have furnished
+data on the Records of Family Traits. Dr. Bret Ratner kindly
+responded to my request by having daily measurements made on 11
+infants during the first 10 days of life. The photographs of men of
+standard build were contributed by Dr. George L. Meylan; the photographs
+of boys on <a href="#plate3">plate 3</a> were obtained for me by Dr. William
+Burdick, of the Playground Association of Baltimore. Through the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_iv">[iv]</span>kindness of Mr. Carle O. Warren, of the Marquand School, Brooklyn,
+the photographs of boys of various ages shown on <a href="#plate4">plates 4 to 6</a> were
+secured. Dr. Harvey G. Beck and Dr. L. F. Barker gave permission
+for the republication from Barker’s “Endocrinology and Metabolism”
+of the photographs at the bottom of <a href="#plate8">plate 8</a>. The families who have,
+on request, furnished special data are too numerous to mention. To
+all of the foregoing I desire to express sincerest thanks.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_v">[v]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS">TABLE OF CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<table class="contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><span class="smcap">Page</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Preface</span></td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PREFACE">iii</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Part I.</span> Build, its definition
+     and its ontogeny</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I">3</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level2">A. General considerations</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#A_GENERAL_CONSIDERATIONS">3</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Types of variation in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_1">4</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">The measurement of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_2">4</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Ontogenetic</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_2_a">4</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Adult</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_2_b">5</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Sexual differences in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_3">5</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Racial differences in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_4">7</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Geographical differences in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_A_5">7</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level2">B. The ontogeny of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#B_THE_ONTOGENY_OF_BUILD">8</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Materials and methods</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_B_1">8</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">The ontogenetic curve of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_B_2">11</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Later ontogenetic changes in individual build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_B_3">16</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Relation of juvenile to adult build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_I_B_4">19</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Part II.</span> Mass studies in
+    heredity of adult build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II">22</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Methods and materials</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_1">23</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">The adult index of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_2">24</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Classification of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_3">26</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Significance of variations in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_4">28</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Diseases in relation to build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_5">29</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Mass study of variation and heredity in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_6">36</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Regression of progeny toward mediocrity</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_7">37</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Hypothesis</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_8">40</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Mate selection in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_9">44</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">The basal tables</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_II_10">46</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><span class="smcap">Part III.</span> Family studies in
+     heredity of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level2">A. Statement of problem</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#A_STATEMENT_OF_PROBLEM">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level2">B. Discussion of special matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#B_DISCUSSION_OF_SPECIAL_MATINGS">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3"><span class="smcap">Class I.</span> Both parents slender</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_I">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 1. One parent is very slender of slender
+    stock; the other slender</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_I_1">51</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 2. Both parents are slender, of slender stock</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_I_2">53</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 3. Other slender × very slender matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_I_3">54</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 4. Other slender × slender matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_I_4">56</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Summary of slender × slender matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_I_SUMMARY">68</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3"><span class="smcap">Class II.</span> Both parents fleshy</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_II">69</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 1. One parent is very fleshy, the other
+    fleshy of fleshy stock</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_II_1">69</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 2. Both parents fleshy of fleshy stock</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_II_2">77</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 3. Other very fleshy × very fleshy matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_II_3">80</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Summary</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_II_SUMMARY">85</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3"><span class="smcap">Class III.</span> Mating of
+    slender with fleshy stock. The F₁ generation</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_III">86</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 1. One parent slender, of slender stock, the other
+    fleshy of fleshy stock</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_III_1">86</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 2. Other slender × fleshy matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_III_2">93</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 3. Very slender × very fleshy</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_III_3">97</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 4. Slender × very fleshy matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_III_4">98</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Summary</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_III_SUMMARY">105</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3"><span class="smcap">Class IV.</span> Matings of probably
+    heterozygous parents. The F₂ generation</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_IV">107</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 1. Both parents either medium or fleshy,
+    and probably carrying gametes for slenderness as well as fleshiness</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_IV_1">107</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 2. Other medium × medium matings</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_IV_2">118</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Summary and discussion</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_IV_SUMMARY">119</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_vi">[vi]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3"><span class="smcap">Class V.</span> The back cross</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_V">119</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 1. Heterozygous medium or fleshy × slender</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_V_1">119</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level4">Mating 2. Fleshy × heterozygous fleshy parents</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_V_2">132</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Summary and discussion</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_B_CLASS_V_SUMMARY">140</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level2">C. General discussion</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#C_GENERAL_DISCUSSION">141</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Heredity and environment in build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_C_1">141</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Endocrine glands as links between chromosomes
+    and somatic qualities</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_C_2">145</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">Evidence of segregation in the heredity of build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_C_3">146</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level3">On the number of factors involved in fleshy build</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PART_III_C_4">149</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="level2">D. Summary of conclusions</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#D_SUMMARY_OF_CONCLUSIONS">152</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Appendix</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#APPENDIX">155</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Literature cited</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#LITERATURE_CITED">175</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Plates</td>
+    <td class="tdpg"><a href="#PLATES">177</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[1]</span></p>
+
+<h1>BODY-BUILD AND ITS INHERITANCE</h1>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">by<br>
+<br>
+Charles Benedict Davenport</span><br>
+<span class="smaller"><i>Director of Department of Genetics,
+Carnegie Institution of Washington</i></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[2]</span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="PART_I">PART I.<br>
+BUILD, ITS DEFINITION AND ITS ONTOGENY.</h2>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="A_GENERAL_CONSIDERATIONS">A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>If a hundred men of about the same stature be compared, it is seen
+that they vary greatly in weight. At the same time they vary in
+form, and especially in bulk. This variation is popularly recognized
+by the variety of terms applied to build. It may be of interest to
+pause a moment to consider popular terminology relating to build.
+We have, first, terms expressing a marked deviation below the normal
+build. We speak of persons as “slender,” “thin,” “gaunt,” “slim,”
+“slight,” “spare,” “lank,” and “spindling.” These terms are not
+exactly synonyms. “Lank” implies angularity; “gaunt” connotes the
+ravage of disease; “thin” connotes a loss of weight; “slight” connotes
+lightness and smallness of bone; “spindling” is used especially of
+youth in the period of rapid growth preceding adolescence; “slim”
+has a faint connotation of insufficiency; “slender” best expresses the
+idea which we shall want to use in this work where we have a relatively
+small interest in stature and where we wish to avoid connotation
+of disease, developmental changes, etc. In other languages there
+exists a series of terms which similarly differ slightly in connotation.
+Thus, in French, there is “maigre,” in German “mager,” which
+often connote a loss of weight through disease, “dünn,” which connotes
+loss of a former more nearly average weight, and “schlank,”
+which is close to the English “slender.” On the other hand, the
+English language contains a variety of terms applicable to deviation
+in build above the average. Thus we have the words “stout,”
+“portly,” “fleshy,” “corpulent,” “thick-set,” “obese,” “chubby,” and
+“fat.” The word “stout” usually carries a connotation of vigor. The
+term “portly” connotes large size with a tendency to excessively great
+circumference. “Fleshy” is nearly synonymous with “portly” but has
+less connotation of majesty of size. “Corpulent” usually carries a
+connotation of abdominal enlargement. “Thick-set” implies a large
+bony frame. “Obese” frequently connotes excessive, strictly pathological,
+increase of build. “Chubby” is applied especially to infants.
+“Fat” connotes excessive production of fat in the body, as opposed to
+an unusually large muscular development. Perhaps of all of these
+terms “fleshy” is as satisfactory as any as an expression for build
+without connotation in respect to degree or source of great weight,
+whether due to fat, muscle, or bone. In the German language there
+are the terms, “plump,” and “schwerfällig,” which serve to express
+large build. In the French language there are the terms, “gros,”
+“obese,” and “embonpoint,” which is near to the English equivalent
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span>“stout” or “fleshy.” In the present work the term “fleshy” is used,
+despite its slight suggestion of muscular development merely, largely
+because it begins with a different letter from slender. The word
+“slender” will be used for the other extreme of build. It has been
+found convenient to indicate those terms by their initial letters “S”
+and “F” respectively.</p>
+
+<p>Our main problem is, in how far does this difference in build between
+slender and fleshy persons depend on constitutional factors?</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_A_1"><span class="smcap">Types of Variation in Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Two types of variation in build have to be distinguished: (<i>a</i>) the
+ontogenetic change in normal build during development with increasing
+stature, and (<i>b</i>) the change in weight in adults of relatively
+invariable stature. In type <i>a</i>, stature and other proportions are
+rapidly changing, but in type <i>b</i>, stature remains constant, and,
+throughout the race, stature does not differ as much in mature persons
+as it does from birth to maturity. These two types follow different
+laws and must be studied by different methods. Consequently they
+are considered in distinct parts of the present paper.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_A_2"><span class="smcap">The Measurement of Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>It is now necessary to consider how build may best be expressed
+quantitatively. The subject of the best index of build has been much
+discussed, but without sufficiently differentiating between the two
+types of variation in build, the ontogenetic and the adult. One of the
+latest authors to consider the matter is Bardeen (1920, p. 486), who
+mentions the desirability of recording the volume of the body as a
+whole, notes its impracticability, and concludes that we may estimate
+volume from weight. It may, however, be doubted if volume is really
+involved in the popular notion of build. At least, it is equally probable
+that the idea of build, as popularly conceived, is a relation of
+transverse to vertical diameters. When I look at a man, or a photograph
+of one as in <a href="#plate1">plate 1</a>, and think, “he is slender,” it is because I
+make a mental comparison of his breadth (of shoulders or chest) with
+his height and find that his breadth in comparison with that of most
+men I know of that height is small; or if he is stout the diameter of
+the chest is large in relation to stature (<a href="#plate2">plate 2</a>). It seems probable
+that breadth in relation to height gives the best expression of the
+popular idea of build. By the use of this relation, build can be easily
+expressed for any age, since chest circumference (which bears a nearly
+constant relation to chest diameter) has been recorded for many persons
+of all ages.</p>
+
+<p id="PART_I_A_2_a"><i>Ontogenetic.</i>—Since in so many children and young people the
+stature and chest circumference have been measured, it is possible to
+use these data in finding the law of normal ontogenetic changes in
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span>build from birth to maturity. This ratio, chest-girth ÷ stature, has
+thus been used in discussing this law, as more fully described in section
+B. This relation can be used for tracing the change in build of
+the same developing child or for tracing the average change of build.</p>
+
+<p id="PART_I_A_2_b"><i>Adult.</i>—In the study of adult changes of build we start with the
+condition that in the individual the stature is fixed. Consequently,
+in an individual whose weight is changing, the relation of the build at
+<i>a</i> years is to that at another period <i>n</i> years later as chest-girth
+at <i>a</i> years : chest-girth at <i>a</i> + <i>n</i> years. Thus, in the adult period,
+changes of build are proportional to chest-girth. In different persons,
+of differing stature, the stature has to be taken into account, and the
+differences in build are measured by the relation of relative chest-girth
+as in children. Unfortunately, in our study of heredity in adult
+build, we usually do not know the chest-girth of the different members
+of the family, but only their stature and weight. Our problem is,
+then, to find a relation between chest-girth and weight that will
+enable us to infer the one from the other. This problem will be further
+considered in a later section (<a href="#Page_24">p. 24</a>).</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_A_3"><span class="smcap">Sexual Differences in Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Sex influences the body so profoundly that we have, first of all, to
+consider its influence on build, either in early or in adult stages. At
+birth there is, on the average, a difference between the sexes in
+weight. The male is about 2.5 per cent heavier than the female
+(3,310&nbsp;:&nbsp;3,230 grams in German children, Daffner, 1902, p. 125, quoting
+Hecker; 3,606&nbsp;:&nbsp;3,485 grams in American children, Benedict and Talbot,
+1915). But this does not imply that the boy baby is the
+chubbier, since the boy baby is longer by about 1.7 per cent than the
+girl baby. There is no obvious difference in the chubbiness of the
+sexes at birth. Likewise, in later infancy no obvious difference has
+been detected, though no thoroughgoing studies have been made on
+this subject. In childhood and youth children of different sex differ
+in build on the average, but this is because the form of the ontogenetic
+curve of build is very different. After maturity and cessation of
+growth, there is a marked difference in form between the sexes. The
+female has more subcutaneous fat and appears plumper. If the
+criterion of weight be applied, the complication arises that the specific
+gravity of the female seems to be less than that of the male (Bardeen,
+1920, p. 488, following Meeh, 1895). As found by Medico-Actuarial
+Mortality investigations of the Associated Life Insurance Medical
+Directors of the Actuarial Society of America, 1912, volume I, p. 251:
+“The difference in weight between men and women of the same
+height is slight under the age of 20, but above that age young men
+are distinctly heavier than young women, the difference becoming less
+marked as they grow older. The tall women are markedly lighter
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span>than men of the same height.” The main reason for the greater
+weight of young men is their relatively much greater chest circumference.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table1"><span class="smcap">Table 1.</span>—<i>The distribution of frequencies of the various classes
+of build of offspring derived from the various types of matings.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Summation Table, Males only. Based on <a href="#table11">Table 11</a>.</span></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Type of mating.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">No. of matings.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">No. of children.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Build of male offspring.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Total No. of male and female children.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS×S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS×M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">306</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">88</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M×M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">92</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">327</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">340</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>F×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">77</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>F×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VF×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">507</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">926</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">106</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">515</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">246</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1,671</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="bt" colspan="3">Average build</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">25.00</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">29.03</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">33.64</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">39.15</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">49.09</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>Average male index of build, 35.81 ± .12. Standard deviation, 5.33 ± .084.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center" id="table2"><span class="smcap">Table 2.</span>—<i>The distribution of frequencies of the various classes
+of build of offspring derived from the various types of matings.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Summation Table, Females only. Based on <a href="#table11a">Table 11a</a>.</span></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Type of mating.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">No. of matings.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">No. of children.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Build of female offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS×S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS×M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">78</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">67</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M×M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">92</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">90</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>F×F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>F×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VF×VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">507</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">745</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">384</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">46</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="bt" colspan="3">Average build</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">24.17</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">28.69</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">33.41</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">39.23</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">46.76</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p>Average female index of build, 34.54 ± .13. Standard deviation, 5.13 ± .09.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></p>
+
+<p>Proceeding by a method to be developed later, I have divided adult
+build into five classes, and counted for the various matings the number
+of children falling into each. (See <a href="#table1">tables 1</a> and <a href="#table2">2</a>.) The average index
+of build, obtained from the individual indices of build, is 2.52 (metric
+system) or 35.81 ± 0.12 (English system) for males, and 2.43
+(34.54 ± 0.13) for females, a difference of only 3.7 per cent in favor
+of the males, a difference that for our purposes can be neglected. A
+separation of the sexes in our studies will therefore be, ordinarily,
+not attempted, and this has the advantage in giving us larger frequencies
+in our tables.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_A_4"><span class="smcap">Racial Differences in Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>That there are marked racial differences in build is notorious. The
+slender Scotchman (<a href="#plate1">plate 1</a>, fig. 3) is in striking contrast with the
+South Italian, Greek, or Russian Jew (<a href="#plate2">plate 2</a>, fig. 3). The Eskimo
+are noted for their fleshiness, but Arctic conditions seem to favor large
+build. (See Davenport and Love, 1921, p. 165.) Martin (1914, p.
+248) gives an average body-build of 1.42 (2.3 our system) for South
+Russian Jews and 1.07 (1.7 our system) for Bushmen. Probably the
+Nilotic negroes are the slenderest race on earth (Martin, 191, p. 254;
+for photograph see Martin, p. 263, or Davenport, 1917, p. 347). The
+racial differences in body-build are so great that, when feasible, race
+should be taken into account in studies on body-build.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_A_5"><span class="smcap">Geographical Differences in Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Apart from race, it seems probable that climate influences build.
+The races that live in the north polar region are of stout build, but
+this may be a racial trait. On the other hand, the whites who come to
+live near the pole are heavier than those who live near the equator.
+This may be due to relative freedom in the subpolar area from certain
+diseases which reduce weight. There may, however, be a physiological
+response of the body to the long, cold winters. Whatever the
+explanation, men from Alaska were found, at mobilization of the
+United States Army in 1917-18, to have a much higher index of build
+than those from any other region, i. e., 2.28 (32.41);&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> North Dakota
+and South Dakota came next, with indices of 2.24 (31.85) and 2.23
+(31.73) respectively. These were followed by Montana, Minnesota,
+and Wisconsin. Contrariwise, the recruits from the Gulf States had
+a low index of build. Whatever the determining causes, geographical
+differences in build do exist. Consequently, in studies of build, it is
+desirable to consider the residences of the persons studied.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> The method of measuring build is discussed at <a href="#Page_24">page 24</a>. The
+smaller index (usually lying between 1.5 and 4.5) is the metric index.
+The larger index (20 up to 100) is the English system index, and is
+usually expressed without decimals.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span></p>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="B_THE_ONTOGENY_OF_BUILD">B. THE ONTOGENY OF BUILD.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>From the time of fertilization of the egg it proceeds on its course
+of development directed by its “hereditary factors,” but modifiable
+by the conditions offered by the environment. Thus is determined the
+weight of the baby at birth, and thus the build of the later stages to
+maturity are directed. It has seemed useful to measure the changes
+in build from birth to maturity, using the method of measuring build
+during development described in an earlier section (<a href="#Page_4">p. 4</a>).</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_B_1"><span class="smcap">Materials and Methods.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The materials available for such a study are considerable and may
+be drawn from a large number of different nationalities. A selection
+had to be made from this material; there were chosen the best available
+series from those nationalities most representative of the population
+of the United States, considering the diversity of its European
+origin. Two sets of data were utilized: first, collections of measurements
+made on males from 1 year to 21 years; second, some collections
+from children of both sexes from birth to 1 year of age.</p>
+
+<p>The first collection of data is gathered from nine sources, listed
+below. The data used are given in detail in <a href="#table3">table 3</a>, which shows the
+number of individuals measured by each observer at each age, the
+average relative chest-girth at that age, and the average, for each age,
+of the different averages of the relative chest-girths formed by each
+observer. These averages are not weighted, since the racial stocks
+measured by the different observers differed. The average of each
+observer has therefore to be considered as a unit of nearly equal value
+with that of any other (<a href="#table3">table 3</a>).</p>
+
+<div class="f90">
+
+<p>1. Quetelet (1870) data. As Quetelet’s original book was not available,
+the data reprinted in Bardeen (1920, p. 544) were used. Quetelet measured
+10 persons at each age from 1 to 20 years (and older). He selected his
+subjects with good judgment and the resulting curve of varying build is
+remarkably smooth. The subjects were doubtless Belgians.</p>
+
+<p>2. Weissenberg (1911) data. These were gathered by observations on
+South Russian Jews. The numbers observed ranged from 15 males at birth
+to about 40 to 100 at later ages. This series is of especial value because
+such large numbers of individuals of each age were measured and because
+in it are considered only children as near as possible to their birthdays;
+that is, as 2 or 3 year old children were taken those of exactly 2 or 3 years
+± 2 months; as 4, 5, and 6 year olds, 4, 5, and 6 years ± 3 months; as 7 and
+8 years, 7 or 8 years ± 4 months. For older children the even year ± 5
+months was taken. The measurement was taken at the line of the nipples
+and below the lower apex of the scapulæ; chest apparently at rest.</p>
+
+<p>3. Benedict and Talbot (1920) data. These were gathered from healthy
+children of Boston, Massachusetts. Girth was taken at the nipples, in a
+quiescent condition. The number of individuals considered at each age is
+small (1 to 9), but the data are precious, because so few have been published
+for the period 2 to 5 years.</p>
+
+<p>4. Masters Day Nursery data. Original, from measurements made upon
+healthy children in New York City. The chest was measured at the line
+of the nipples in a quiescent condition. The numbers are small, 2 per year.</p>
+
+<p>5. Town (1922) data. A special study of 5 and 6 year old children of
+Cedar Rapids, Iowa. There were 31 and 11 children respectively.</p>
+
+<p>6. Reitz (1904) data. A study of school children of Berlin, Germany.
+Chest-girth measured “at rest.” From 23 to 209 at the respective ages from
+6 to 19 years, inclusive.</p>
+
+<p>7. Baldwin (1921) data. A group of 60 boys of the well-to-do class at
+the Horace Mann School, New York City, were measured repeatedly in
+successive years from 7 to 17 years of age inclusive. Chest at “normal”
+condition.</p>
+
+<p>8. Godin (1903) data. Measurements taken annually on the same 100
+boys in a French military school at St. Hippolyte-du-Fort, Gard. Chest-girth
+below pectoralis in repose. Ages 13½ to 17 years inclusive.</p>
+
+<p>9. Hitchcock, Seeley, and Phillips (1900) data. Measurements made on
+about 40 to 600 students at Amherst College at each age from 16 to 26 years
+inclusive. The chest-girth is made at the level of the nipples and embraces
+the scapulæ.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table3"><span class="smcap">Table 3.</span>—<i>Average relative chest-girth (chest girth + stature)
+at different ages from birth to maturity, males.</i></p>
+
+<p>[According to the observations of 9 sets of observers. The main entries
+of the table are given in 4 places of decimals (points omitted). Immediately
+to the left of each main entry is given the number of persons measured to
+obtain that average. The column on the extreme right gives the (unweighted)
+average of the averages standing on the same line.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Time.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">1. Quetelet.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">2. Weissenberg.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">3. Benedict and Talbot.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">4. Masters Day Nursery</th>
+    <th colspan="2">5. Town.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">6. Reitz.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">7. Baldwin.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">8. Godin.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">9. Hitchcock.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Unweighted averages.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Birth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5900</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5511</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6600</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6004</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">1 year&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6300</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6300</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6300</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">2 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5850</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6005</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6060</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5972</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">3 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5803</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5760</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5721</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">4 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5430</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5600</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5532</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">5 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5353</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5263</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5082</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5268</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">6 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5208</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5040</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4990</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5115</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">7 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5058</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5072</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4852</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5056</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">8 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5040</td>
+    <td class="tdr">95</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4821</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4998</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">9 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4990</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5060</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4573</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4805</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4889</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">10 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4950</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4952</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5150</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4793</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4883</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">11 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4920</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4911</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4950</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">209</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4595</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4740</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4823</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">12 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4910</td>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4780</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4810</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4546</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4731</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4755</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">13 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4900</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4850</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4966</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4804</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">14 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4900</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4866</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4506</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4745</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5071</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4818</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">15 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4910</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4923</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4550</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5166</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4872</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">16 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4888</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4870</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5295</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4935</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">17 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4929</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">70</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4598</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4974</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4968</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4956</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">18 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5040</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5046</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4684</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5003</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4943</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">19 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5076</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4833</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5089</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5027</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">20 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5040</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5119</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">21 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5205</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">25 years</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5250</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5291</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5271</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span></p>
+
+<p>Owing to the complex nature of the curve of build during the first
+year of development, special collections of data were made for this
+portion of the curve (<a href="#table4">table 4</a>). They are listed as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="f90">
+
+<p>1. Original data contributed by Dr. Bret Ratner, pediatrician, of New
+York, being measurements made in May and June, 1922, of weight, length,
+and chest circumference on 11 babies at the Manhattan Maternity Hospital
+during each of the first 10 days after birth. There were 9 boys and 2
+girls. Judging alone by the surnames, there were apparently of British
+stock 6, of German stock 2, of Italian stock 2, and of Spanish stock 1. It
+is very difficult to measure length and chest-girth of infants. Length “on
+birthday” was generally taken with the child suspended by its feet, chest-girth
+with the chest as quiet as possible. The first measurement was taken
+as soon as the baby was born, and each morning thereafter at 8ʰ30ᵐ a.m.
+The later lengths were measured on a graduated board.</p>
+
+<p>2. New York Milk Station data collected by Miss Louise A. Nelson and
+Miss Margaret R. Babcock, of the Eugenics Record Office staff. They were
+made during May and June 1922, on healthy babies, without clothing. The
+length was measured with the aid of a graduated board. Boys and girls
+were both included, as at this age their build is not very different, on the
+average. The numbers ranged from 4 to 52 for the various months from
+0.5 month to 13 months by 0.5-month intervals.</p>
+
+<p>3. Ratner advanced data. Original data secured by Dr. Bret Ratner
+(at Manhattan Maternity Hospital, New York City, on healthy children
+whose parents brought them repeatedly to the hospital) and kindly given
+to the writer for this study. In this series, observations are especially
+abundant at 1, 1.5, and 2 months (47, 170, and 30 cases respectively).</p>
+
+<p>4. Grover (1915) data. Boys only among out-patients of the Children’s
+Hospital, Boston, and visitors at milk stations. No clothing. Chest measured
+at level of nipples, midway between inspiration and expiration.
+Length measured on graduated board. From 2 to 5 at each month of age.</p>
+
+<p>5. Benedict and Talbot (1920) data. (See No. 3, p. 9.) One to 6
+individuals at the various months.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span></p>
+
+<p>6. Schmid-Monnard (1892) data. Copied from Bardeen (1920, page
+542). Boys and girls measured at Frankfort am Main, Germany. 8 to 67
+in respective months. Ages 1 to 13 months and up to 30 months.</p>
+
+<p>7. Crum (1915) data. Average measurements of babies without regard
+to sex, 193 to 264 per month, mostly baby-show babies and hence strongly
+selected. Various parts of the United States.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>From the foregoing collections of data, <a href="#table3">tables 3</a>, <a href="#table4">4</a>, and <a href="#table5">5</a> were drawn
+up, giving for each age the mean relative chest-girth found by each
+observer. Also, the number of individuals upon which the measurement
+is based, necessary for weighting the mean. The mean of all
+measurements was weighted in <a href="#table4">table 4</a>, but not in <a href="#table3">table 3</a> for the
+reasons stated on <a href="#Page_8">page 8</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table4"><span class="smcap">Table 4.</span>—<i>Average relative chest-girth of infants from birth to 13 months.</i></p>
+
+<p>[Obtained from 6 series of observations, described on <a href="#Page_12">pages 12, 13</a>. The main entries of the table
+are given in 4 places of decimals (point omitted). Immediately to the left of each main entry is
+given the number of persons measured to obtain that average. The column at the extreme right
+gives the weighted averages of the averages standing in the same line.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Time.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">3. Ratner.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">2. N. Y. Milk (♂ and ♀.)</th>
+    <th colspan="2">4. Grover.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">5. Benedict and Talbot.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">6. Schmid and Monnard.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">7. Crum.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Aver.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+    <th>No.</th>
+    <th>Avg.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;2 weeks</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6641</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6533</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6599</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6627</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;1 month</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6602</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6504</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5861</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">67</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6280</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6419</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;1.5 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6772</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6639</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6574</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6745</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;2 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6623</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6470</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6512</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;3 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6700</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6220</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6529</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6040</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6382</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;4 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6510</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6507</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;5 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6492</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6522</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6230</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6368</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;6 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">259</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6540</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;7 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6720</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6240</td>
+    <td class="tdr">256</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6468</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6456</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;8 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6267</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6317</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6308</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6470</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6450</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">&nbsp;&nbsp;9 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6550</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6060</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6352</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">211</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6355</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6333</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">10 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6431</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6237</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">209</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6404</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6400</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">11 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6354</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5868</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6336</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6318</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">12 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5800</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5691</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6383</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6090</td>
+    <td class="tdr">289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6298</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6280</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">13 months</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6186</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6026</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6080</td>
+    <td class="tdr">264</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6235</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6222</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>It will be observed that the means of build differ, for the constant
+age, more than do the differences between successive ages. That is to
+say, the absolute difference between races at any given age is greater
+than the average differences between one year and the next.</p>
+
+<p>The mean relative chest circumferences for the different ages are
+plotted in <a href="#figure2">figure 2</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_B_2"><span class="smcap">The Ontogenetic Curve of Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The resulting curve of build from birth to maturity is given in
+<a href="#figure1">figure 1</a>. This curve shows that build in males is greatest at birth,
+or at about 1 month, and that it then steadily diminishes to 12 years
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span>of age. It then slowly increases to maturity, and indeed to 30 years,
+after which it increases with extreme slowness, probably to 55 years.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure1" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure01.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span>—Polygon of development of relative chest-girth, male.</p>
+    <p>Abscissæ: Age in years. Ordinates (chest ÷ girth/stature) × 1000. Based on averages of
+    the measurements of Quetelet (Belgians), Weissenberg (Russian Jews), Benedict and
+    Talbot (U.S.A.), Masters Day Nursery, N. Y. City, Town (Iowa children), Gray and
+    Jacobs (school boys, well-to-do), Reitz (Germans), Godin (French), Hitchcock (U.S.A.
+    college men), Baldwin (N. Y. City schools).</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>From <a href="#table4a">table 4<span class="smcap">a</span></a> and the curve of build, <a href="#figure2">figure 2</a>, we see that the infant
+at birth has a chest-girth which is somewhat over two-thirds of
+stature (0.6685). It falls rapidly to one month after birth, and then
+begins to rise. This minimum is connected with the loss of weight
+which follows birth, and is due to the difficulty of making adjustments
+to the new conditions which the organism has to meet. This adjustment
+is soon thereafter completed and within 2 months chest-girth
+and weight are not only recovered, but have caught up with increasing
+length of body. At 6 weeks the body has reached its maximum
+post-natal chubbiness. Another temporary loss in chubbiness occurs
+at about 8 months, due perhaps to the cutting of the incisors. The
+decline which subsequently ensues is prevailingly due to the rapid
+growth of the legs without corresponding increase in transverse
+diameter (<a href="#plate3">plates 3 and 4</a>). At about 12 years the boy enters the
+awkward age when, his legs and arms having grown from 5 to 10 cm.
+in a single year, he has not yet acquired muscular control of them
+(<a href="#plate7">plate 7</a>, fig. 2). At the same time his trunk retains childish proportions
+(<a href="#plate5">plate 5</a>, fig. 12). A little earlier than the boy, the girl enters
+the “Backfisch” stage of similar slenderness and awkwardness (<a href="#plate7">plate
+7</a>, fig. 3, from Stratz, 1922, p. 258). It is commonly believed that
+this rapid growth of the appendages and their long bones is controlled
+by the secretions of the pituitary gland. Gradually in the boy, at
+14 years, as the gonads begin to ripen, the growth of the legs is
+retarded and the transverse chest diameter begins to increase rapidly;
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span>the lad is quickly transformed into a broad-shouldered, broad-chested,
+stocky man (<a href="#plate3">plate 3</a>, fig. 3, <a href="#plate5">plate 5</a>, fig. 8) and accordingly the curve
+of build rises much more in the young man than in the young woman
+(<a href="#plate7">plate 7</a>, figs. 4 and 5). Consequently the adult female build, as
+measured by relative chest circumference, is relatively small. At
+about 19 or 20 years’ growth in stature has usually practically ceased.
+Meanwhile chest-girth increases slowly by the enlargement of trunk
+muscles and deposition of fat. Weight is, indeed, stated to increase,
+on the average, until the age of 55 years (<a href="#table6">tables 6</a> and <a href="#table7">7</a>).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp80" id="figure2" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure02.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span>—Polygon of relative chest-girth in
+    infants, from birth to fourteen months, with smoothed curve of build
+    (dotted line). Data from New York Milk Stations and Dr. B. Ratner.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table4a"><span class="smcap">Table 4a.</span>—<i>Weight, chest-girth, length of body, and relative
+chest-girth at birth and daily thereafter at 8ʰ30ᵐ for 10 days for 11
+babies.</i></p>
+
+<p>[Data furnished by Bret Ratner, M.D., from Manhattan Maternity Hospital
+and Dispensary, New York City. Weight in grams; chest-girth and length
+in millimeters. Relative chest-girth in ten-thousandths. Final average
+relative chest girth is multiplied by 1.037 to adjust to <a href="#table4">Table 4</a>.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>Measurements, etc.</th>
+    <th>At birth.</th>
+    <th>1st day.</th>
+    <th>2nd day.</th>
+    <th>3d day.</th>
+    <th>4th day.</th>
+    <th>5th day.</th>
+    <th>6th day.</th>
+    <th>7th day.</th>
+    <th>8th day.</th>
+    <th>9th day.</th>
+    <th>10th day.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 1, male. Time of birth, V 30, 2ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2084</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1871</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1928</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43.13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6491</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6279</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6548</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6395</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6286</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 2, male. Time of birth, V 30, 2ʰ25ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3494</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3423</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3366</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3430</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3466</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3529</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3508</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3515</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3529</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3572</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6699</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6651</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6503</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6505</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6412</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6416</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6381</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6381</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6381</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 3, male. Time of birth, V 30, 19ʰ35ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2963</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2927</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2842</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2729</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2736</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2849</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2927</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6386</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6498</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6468</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 4, male. Time of birth, V 30, 13ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3558</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3487</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3359</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3416</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3473</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3494</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6701</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6650</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6570</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6505</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6602</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6634</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6634</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6602</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6699</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 5, male. Time of birth, VI 1, 3ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3005</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2856</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2892</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2906</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2991</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3069</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3147</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6275</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6275</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6079</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6346</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6346</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6244<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 6, male. Time of birth, VI 1, 12ʰ45ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2877</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2863</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2828</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2927</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2849</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2906</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2962</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2977</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6345</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6447</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6564</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6530</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6238</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6337</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 7, male. Time of birth, VI 1, 23ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3005</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2962</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2892</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2906</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3012</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3026</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6342</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6275</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6184</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 8, female. Time of birth, VI 3, 22ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2679</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2587</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2587</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2651</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2672</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2693</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2722</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6359</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6263</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6263</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6060</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6263</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6263</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 9, male. Time of birth, VI 5, 23ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3657</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3657</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3572</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3381</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3366</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3473</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3487</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3544</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3544</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3565</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3536</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td class="tdr">54.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6321</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6262</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6262</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6262</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6233</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 10, male. Time of birth, VI 6. 7ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2948</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2814</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2849</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2870</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2877</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2948</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2941</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6800</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6058</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6058</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td rowspan="4">No. 11, female. Time of birth, VI 5, 17ʰ00ᵐ</td>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Weight</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3076</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2962</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2934</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2955</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2962</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3059</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2984</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Body-length</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>{&nbsp;Rel. ch. girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6766</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6800</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6503</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="2">Total relative chest-girth</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">710483</td>
+    <td class="tdr">711435</td>
+    <td class="tdr">699448</td>
+    <td class="tdr">698260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">697994</td>
+    <td class="tdr">699232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">692119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">697300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">695178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">696529</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="2" class="nw">Average relative chest-girth × 1.037</td>
+    <td class="tdr">661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">671</td>
+    <td class="tdr">659</td>
+    <td class="tdr">658</td>
+    <td class="tdr">658</td>
+    <td class="tdr">659</td>
+    <td class="tdr">652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">657</td>
+    <td class="tdr">655</td>
+    <td class="tdr">655</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>It may be well to consider briefly, necessarily somewhat speculatively,
+the significance of this ontogenetic change in build. First of
+all, the high relative chest circumference of infancy is due chiefly to
+the extremely short legs of the infant. Leg-length constitutes only
+about 40 per cent of stature at birth, whereas it comes to constitute
+53 to 55 per cent at maturity. Consequently, the relative leg-length
+at infancy is only a trifle more than 70 per cent of the adult relative
+leg-length. Likewise the leg-length of the gorilla is about 70 per cent
+that of a European man (German, cf. Martin, 1914, p. 308). Consequently
+the relative leg-length of the infant, at birth, is to that of the
+adult as the relative leg-length of an anthropoid ape is to the relative
+leg-length of man. Incidentally, it may be added that the relative
+length of the arm of the infant is only slightly (8 per cent) less than
+that of the adult, while in the chimpanzee the relative arm-length is
+18 per cent <i>greater</i> than that of man.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span></p>
+
+<p>We have seen that the relative leg-length of the boy increases to
+about 12 years and thereafter diminishes to the period of completed
+growth. The white man has his greatest leg-length shortly before
+adolescence. We find that among the races of mankind it is the long-legged
+negro tribes of East Africa, especially the upper Nile (Johnston,
+1906. II, p. 932), which are among the lowest races of mankind,
+and which seem to represent in the adult the physical stage through
+which the white boy passes at 12 years. Other African tribes have,
+indeed, relatively shorter legs and thus show a persisting adult stage
+that is either slightly younger or slightly older than that of the
+12-year-old white boy.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#figure1">Figure 1</a> (to return to it after this digression) seems thus adequately
+to measure the varying build of humans from birth to past maturity.
+It may, indeed, be regarded as composed of two parts: first, that from
+birth to the cessation of growth in stature, and second, that beyond
+cessation of growth in stature.</p>
+
+<p>The curve of build thus obtained is, apart from the first period of
+adjustment that follows birth, a smoothly flowing one, that might
+indeed be expressed by a formula</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>y</i> = <i>ax</i> + <i>bx²</i> + <i>cx³</i> + <i>dx⁴</i>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The curve of build of <a href="#figure1">figure 1</a> seems to be new in this form. It is,
+however, of the same general shape as the curve of varying “Körperfülle”
+drawn by Martin (1914, p. 246) from Quetelet’s data and based
+on the relation of weight ÷ stature³. The numbers of children considered
+in Martin’s figure are inadequate and there is hardly sufficient
+justification for the use of this formula to express changes of build
+during ontogeny.</p>
+
+<p>The ontogenetic curve of build may serve as a graphic representation
+of the stages of development as listed by Stratz (1922). These
+stages are shown in <a href="#table5">table 5</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table5"><span class="smcap">Table 5.</span>—<i>Growth-periods in children.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[Modified from C. W. Stratz, 1922, p. 87.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="3" class="nw bt">Year of age.</td>
+    <td colspan="2" class="tdc bt">First (neutral) child age.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr bt">0</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobr nobl bt">to</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl bt">1&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+    <td colspan="2" class="bt">Infancy. Lactation.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobr nobl bt">to</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl bt">2&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td colspan="2" rowspan="3" class="bt">First period of filling out.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">2</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">3</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdr nobr">4</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td colspan="2" rowspan="3">First stretching.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">5</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">6</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="3" class="bt"></td>
+    <td colspan="2" class="tdc bt">Second (bisexual) child age. Youth.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="3" class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdc bt">Boys.</td>
+    <td class="tdc bt">Girls.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr bt">7</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobr nobl bt">to</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl bt">8&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="3" class="bt">Second period of filling out.</td>
+    <td rowspan="3" class="bt">Second period of filling out (rounding
+    of hips and legs).</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">8</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">9&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">9</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">10&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdr nobr">10</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">11&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="5">Second stretching (shooting up in stature).
+    Change of voice.</td>
+    <td rowspan="5">Second stretching (shooting up in stature).
+    Menstruation; beginning breast development.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">11</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">12&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">12</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">13&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">13</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">14&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">14</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">15&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdr nobr">15</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">16&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="5">Third period of filling out (broadening of chest;
+    rapid increase in weight). Maturity.</td>
+    <td rowspan="5">Third period of fullness (rapid increase in weight).
+    Maturity.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">16</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">17&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">17</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">18&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">18</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">19&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">19</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">20&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_B_3"><span class="smcap">Later Ontogenetic Changes in Individual Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Any investigation of the heredity of build is apt to meet with the
+difficulty that only the present weights and statures of children, parents,
+and grandparents are known; that the persons are of different
+ages and hence the data concerning them are not precisely comparable.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span>Even if we exclude from consideration children of the rapid
+developmental period, under 18 years of age, still we have the problem
+of individual change of build in mature life. Since stature is
+practically immutable at this period, change in build may be measured
+by change in weight. That change in weight does occur is notorious.
+<a href="#figure3">Figures 3 to 6</a> illustrate graphically the changes in weight in various
+individuals from records taken almost at random. In <a href="#figure3">figure 3</a> the
+curves of increasing weight run rapidly upward; in <a href="#figure4">figure 4</a> they go
+up and then fall again; in <a href="#figure6">figure 6</a> they are more nearly horizontal.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="figure3" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure03.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span>—Changes in weight from 25
+    to 50 or 60 years of father (F),
+    mother (M), and son (S) in D:
+    <span class="smcap">Bol-1</span> family, showing a consistent
+    history of rapid increase of
+    build with age.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp75" id="figure4" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure04.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span>—Changes in weight from 25 (or 40) years to
+    45 (or 75) years of father (F), mother (M), and
+    daughter (D) in D: <span class="smcap">Bol-1a</span> family, showing a
+    history of fluctuating build.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp50" id="figure5" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure05.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 5.</span>—Changes in weight from 25 to
+    45 years of 3 sibs belonging to the
+    D: <span class="smcap">Hay-1</span> family, showing a slight
+    tendency to increase with age.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp75" id="figure6" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure06.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 6.</span>—Changes in weight from 15 to 50 years
+    in 4 sibs of the D: <span class="smcap">Ban-1</span> family, showing
+    no great tendency to change of build during
+    life.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>On the whole, the weight tends to increase with age. This is shown
+by the tables of the “Medico-Actuarial Mortality Investigation” (vol.
+1, pp. 38 and 67). The tables are reproduced in our <a href="#table6">tables 6</a> and <a href="#table7">7</a>.
+They show that, on the average, weight tends to increase with age
+up to 50 or 51 years. The fact that there is, on the average, an
+increase in build, makes necessary an adjustment in some cases of
+the youthful indices of children to make them comparable with the
+adult indices of their parents.</p>
+
+<p>The adjustment was made to the weight of the child by finding in
+the appropriate column of stature and line of age the expected weight
+and adding the difference between this weight and the weight in the
+same column opposite the mid-parental age to the given weight of the
+child.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table6"><span class="smcap">Table 6.</span>—<i>Graded average weight of men of different statures at various ages.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[Copied from Table IV of “Medico-actuarial mortality investigations.”]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>Age, years.</th>
+    <th>5 feet.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 1 inch.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 2 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 3 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 4 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 5 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 6 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 7 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 8 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 9 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 10 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 11 inches.</th>
+    <th>6 feet.</th>
+    <th>6 feet 1 inch.</th>
+    <th>6 feet 2 inches.</th>
+    <th>6 feet 3 inches.</th>
+    <th>6 feet 4 inches.</th>
+    <th>6 feet 5 inches.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+    <td class="tdr">186</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">188</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">192</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">194</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">186</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">196</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">192</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">199</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">201</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">202</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">192</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">203</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">204</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">206</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">207</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">208</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">209</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">192</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">210</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">192</td>
+    <td class="tdr">199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">211</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">186</td>
+    <td class="tdr">193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">206</td>
+    <td class="tdr">212</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">186</td>
+    <td class="tdr">193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">207</td>
+    <td class="tdr">213</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">208</td>
+    <td class="tdr">214</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">181</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">208</td>
+    <td class="tdr">214</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">209</td>
+    <td class="tdr">215</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">209</td>
+    <td class="tdr">215</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">210</td>
+    <td class="tdr">216</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">211</td>
+    <td class="tdr">217</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">211</td>
+    <td class="tdr">217</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">211</td>
+    <td class="tdr">217</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">211</td>
+    <td class="tdr">217</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">212</td>
+    <td class="tdr">218</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">212</td>
+    <td class="tdr">218</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">212</td>
+    <td class="tdr">218</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>54</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">212</td>
+    <td class="tdr">219</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55 and up</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">198</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">212</td>
+    <td class="tdr">219</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center" id="table7"><span class="smcap">Table 7.</span>—-<i>Graded average weight of women of different statures at various ages.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[Copied from Table IX of “Medico-actuarial mortality investigations.”]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>Age, years.</th>
+    <th>4 feet 8 inches.</th>
+    <th>4 feet 9 inches.</th>
+    <th>4 feet 10 inches.</th>
+    <th>4 feet 11 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 1 inch.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 2 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 3 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 4 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 5 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 6 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 7 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 8 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 9 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 10 inches.</th>
+    <th>5 feet 11 inches.</th>
+    <th>6 feet.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">105</td>
+    <td class="tdr">106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">105</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">105</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">176</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>54</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">177</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_I_B_4"><span class="smcap">Relation of Juvenile to Adult Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>This adjustment was not always necessary, first, because in not a
+few cases the children were of an adult age and the data for the build
+of the parents, now dead, were given for the same age; second, examination
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span>of such developmental curves as are shown in <a href="#figure6">figure 6</a> strongly
+indicates that when the parents are of slender build, and the children
+are of slender build at the age of 25 years younger than the parents,
+the increase in weight of the children will not usually follow the
+actuarial tables. The actuarial tables, indeed, represent only the
+average increase, and this average is made of a population that does
+not increase its weight at all when it grows older (<a href="#figure6">fig. 6</a>) and a population
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span>that increases its weight at a much faster rate than indicated
+in the actuarial tables (<a href="#figure3">fig. 3</a>). Consequently, no adjustment is made
+to the given weights of the children whose parents are slender. In
+the case where one parent was slender and one fat, the adjustment is
+still made in the build of all the children. This procedure, undoubtedly,
+introduces an error which, so far as I see, can not be avoided.
+Baldwin (1921, p. 74) states that “as a general rule heavy children
+remain relatively heavy during the period studied”; and his developmental
+curves of individual children show that the same persistence
+of the juvenile build is commonly true for children of slight weight.
+It is striking how often the children of heavy parents will be heavy
+even in youth, and conversely, children of exceptionally great weight
+are apt to retain, and add to, their build.</p>
+
+<p>Chambers (1850, pp. 139-143) cites the following cases of early
+familial obesity: A boy of 3 years weighs 39.5 kg. (87 pounds); his 6
+sisters and brothers are obese. A girl of 5 years 5 months weighs 89
+kg. (196 pounds); obesity on both sides of the house. A boy of 16
+weighs 114 kg. (252 pounds); there is collateral heredity.</p>
+
+<p>A striking case of early obesity persisting to maturity is that of Miss
+Allen (<a href="#plate8">plate 8</a>).</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, it is often strikingly true that in families with
+a tendency to fleshy build some of the children will remain slender
+until 20 or 25 years and then begin to grow fat. The metabolic
+changes that induce fatness first appear in later life.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="PART_II">PART II.<br>
+MASS STUDIES IN HEREDITY OF ADULT BUILD.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>It is a matter of common observation that in some families the
+parents and children are all slender; in others, there may be many
+examples of obesity. Worthington (1877, p. 50) cites a number of
+examples from C. Bouchard. A woman of 45 years weighs 107 kg.
+(236 pounds); her obesity began shortly after marriage; her father
+is very obese and her mother obese. A woman of 49 years, whose
+father is a Turk and whose mother is French, weighs 117 kg. or about
+258 pounds; her mother was obese. A woman of 115 kg. or about
+250 pounds has an obese mother and two sisters who were obese in
+infancy; also a gouty mother’s father and father’s father.</p>
+
+<p>The following, from Chambers (1850), show obesity “on both sides
+of the house”: Male of 28 years, 120 kg. (266 pounds); woman of
+48 years, 127 kg. (280 pounds); woman of 52 years, 98.4 kg. (217
+pounds); man of 57 years, 227 kg. (500 pounds); woman of 58 years,
+104 kg. (231 pounds); woman of 68 years, 118 kg. (260 pounds);
+woman of 70 years, 107 kg. (238 pounds). In many other cases cited
+by Chambers, one parent of the obese patient was obese. Howard
+(1908, p. 54) cites the case of a 7-year-old girl, 45.5 inches (115.6 cm.)
+tall, who weighed 40 kg. (88 pounds), had a pendulous abdomen, and
+was feeble-minded. Her sibs were not abnormal and her parents
+were of average build. One of her great uncles weighs 127 kg. (280
+pounds), an uncle, at 40 years, about 109 kg., and an aunt of 31 years,
+95 kg. (210 pounds). This case is instructive because of the skipping
+of a generation.</p>
+
+<p>In the class of obese cases known as adiposis dolorosa, heredity is
+usually obvious. Price (1909) cites a case of an obese woman of 48
+years and weighing 140 kg. (310 pounds) who belongs to a fraternity
+of 7; 1 was a miscarriage, 2 died young of accident, 1 died at 22 of
+typho-pneumonia, 1 died young of scarlet fever, and 1 brother is
+large and rheumatic. The father seems to have been of average build
+and the mother is stated to have been “very thin.” Of her sibs, 6 were
+fleshy or very fleshy, 1 medium, and 1 slender; the children of these
+fleshy sibs of the mother are “all stout.”</p>
+
+<p>Lyon (1910, p. 68) discusses heredity in adiposis dolorosa and
+lipomatosis and cites a considerable number of cases of family recurrence
+in his cases and others. Thus he twice treated a father and his
+son for multiple fatty tumors; also twice a mother and daughter.
+Lyon’s obese case No. 5 was like her 3 sisters and 1 daughter; a son of
+her father’s brother showed similar fatty deposits. 10 other instances
+of family recurrence of abnormal fat deposit are cited.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span></p>
+
+<p>Maranon and Bonilla (1920) cite the case of a girl of 18 years who
+was slender, like her parents, until after an attack of syphilis, when
+she came to weigh 157 kg. or 350 pounds, while her height was 160
+cm., her chest-girth 130 cm., and that of her abdomen 150 cm. or 90
+per cent of her height. She had a very large brother, and both
+mother’s parents were obese, though the parents were not known to
+be so.</p>
+
+<p>Such examples might be multiplied indefinitely.</p>
+
+<p>Our problem is not what are all the causes of this diversity of build,
+but rather in how far do genetical factors play a part in this diversity.
+We are not oblivious to the fact that there are many factors responsible
+for the result—deviation from the average build. These we shall
+consider in detail in a later section, and the consideration will help
+us to see the limits to the action of the genetical factors. Before going
+on to that, we shall have to consider more in detail the nature of the
+facts for which an explanation has to be sought.</p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_1">METHODS AND MATERIALS.</h3>
+
+<p>The method of analyzing the genetic factors in build is that of
+tabulating the distribution of aberrant builds in the family network.
+There is required, first, a large mass of family data which includes
+many extreme or aberrant types of build, and which is as reliable and
+as accurately quantitative as possible; secondly, this has to be subjected
+to the ordinary methods of genetic analysis.</p>
+
+<p>The available material has consisted of data on stature and weight
+given in the Records of Family Traits which constitute a fair sample
+of the population; and of quantitative data on special schedules
+giving stature and weight of a fraternity, its parents, uncles and
+aunts, and grandparents. These special schedules had been mailed
+to an address list of overweight and underweight persons obtained
+through the kind cooperation of Mr. Arthur Hunter. Those who
+returned the schedules showed an especial appreciation of the requirements
+of our study. A third source was the A file of the Eugenics
+Record Office, where are gathered miscellaneous pedigrees of families
+showing aberrancy in build. A fourth and especially valuable source
+was the field work of Miss Louise A. Nelson, of the Eugenics Record
+Office; this started with selected, usually obese, cases.</p>
+
+<p>After the data had been assembled and tabulated, a certain amount
+of correspondence and personal visitation was undertaken in order to
+secure a confirmation or revision of the records in hand. In some
+cases this brought to light errors in the records, in others, useful
+details. Naturally, it was not possible to secure a revision of all of
+the data used, but an attempt was made to select only records that
+had been compiled with care and conscientiousness, and these traits
+in the compiler reveal themselves pretty clearly to a person who has
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span>examined thousands of these records, just as carelessness is revealed
+also by slipshod speech or posture.</p>
+
+<p>For our study we desire the data of stature and weight for children,
+parents, and grandparents. With some exceptions only those families
+are studied in which all these data are accurately given. Also, only
+children who are above 18 years of age can be utilized, because stature
+changes so rapidly until that age. However, since it is build and not
+stature we are studying, the fact of increase of stature from 19 to 21
+years of age affects the result very little. Finally, in a certain proportion
+of the cases the stature and weight of all of the grandparents
+are not given quantitatively. Such families are utilized, nevertheless,
+with such quantitative data as may have been afforded.</p>
+
+<p>The data were taken from the Records of Family Traits by Miss
+Miriam Kortright, who long assisted in our statistical work. The
+computations of index of build were made by Miss Kortright and
+Mr. William Kraus, Miss Laura Craytor, and Miss Margaret Andrus,
+who checked one another’s work. The tabulation and seriations of
+the indices were done by Misses Margaret Babcock and Katharine
+Belzer.</p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_2">THE ADULT INDEX OF BUILD.</h3>
+
+<p>In an earlier section of this paper the question of the best index of
+build has been discussed generally. It was pointed out that many
+regard it as a truism that build is a relation of volume to stature.
+Since the volume of a person’s body is rarely known, and it is difficult
+to determine it, weight has been substituted for volume. However,
+this substitution assumes that specific gravity is the same for slender
+and for fat persons; but this is not at all the case. The specific
+gravity of a fat person is about that of water (0.978 to 1.079 in 4
+children 7 to 13 years of age, Meeh, 1879, and 1.014 in a 61-year-old
+man of 98 kg. weight, Mies, 1899); of a thin person it may be 5 to 8
+per cent above that of water (1.049 to 1.082 for thin convicts, Mies,
+1899). This variable specific gravity complicates the attempt to
+infer volume from weight. In view of these difficulties it were better
+to measure build by a relation of chest diameter (or circumference)
+to stature. But this ratio can not be used in our studies, since our
+data, for the most part, give only weight and stature and not chest-girth.
+It remains thus to determine the closest relation between
+weight and chest-girth. This determination I have attempted to
+make for 100 young men, 20 to 25 years of age, measured at Harvard
+University where they were students. It will hardly be worth while
+to reproduce the detailed tables of measurements and ratios, but they
+will be found summarized in <a href="#table8">table 8</a>. In this table is given the frequency
+of occurrence of each of the different ratios (or rather classes
+of ratios) found using chest-girth in first, second, and third powers as
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span>a divisor. If weight varied exactly with the chest-girth, then the
+ratio of the former to the latter should remain constant. Such a strict
+relation is hardly to be expected and, of course, is not found. The
+ratios obtained show a certain variability about the mean condition,
+and this variability is measured by the standard deviation. Similarly,
+if each weight be divided in turn by the second and third powers of
+stature, and the corresponding variability of the ratios be considered,
+we shall have a method of deciding whether weight varies more
+closely with the first, second, or third power of chest-girth, and which
+of those powers gives in its fluctuations the best measure of the corresponding
+fluctuations in weight.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table8"><span class="smcap">Table 8.</span>—<i>Variability of weight in relation to the second and
+third powers of chest-girth as found in 100 Harvard students.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[<i>f</i>, frequency of occurrence of the given index-class.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="4" class="nw">Weight ÷ chest-girth</th>
+    <th colspan="4" class="nw">Weight ÷ chest-girth²</th>
+    <th colspan="4" class="nw">Weight ÷ chest-girth³</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl"><i>f</i></td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl"><i>f</i></td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl"><i>f</i></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">610</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">to</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">619</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">690</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">to</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">700</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">711</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">to</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">720</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">640</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">649</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">711</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">720</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">761</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">770</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">660</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">669</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">731</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">740</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">791</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">800</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">670</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">679</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">741</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">750</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">801</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">810</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">680</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">689</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">751</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">760</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">811</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">820</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">690</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">699</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">761</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">770</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">821</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">830</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">700</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">709</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">771</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">780</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">831</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">840</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">710</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">719</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">781</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">790</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">841</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">850</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">720</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">729</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">791</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">800</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">851</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">860</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">730</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">739</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">801</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">810</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">861</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">870</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">740</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">749</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">811</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">820</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">871</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">880</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">750</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">759</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">821</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">830</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">881</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">890</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">760</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">769</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">831</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">840</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">891</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">900</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">770</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">779</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">841</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">850</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">901</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">910</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">780</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">789</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">851</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">860</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">911</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">920</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">790</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">799</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">861</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">870</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">921</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">930</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">800</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">809</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">871</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">880</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">931</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">940</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">810</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">819</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">881</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">890</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">941</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">950</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">820</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">829</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">891</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">900</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">951</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">960</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">830</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">839</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">901</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">910</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">961</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">970</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">840</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">849</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">921</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">930</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">971</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">980</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">850</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">859</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">951</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">960</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">981</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">990</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">870</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">879</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">961</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">970</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">991</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1000</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">900</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">909</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1001</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1010</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">920</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">929</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1031</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1040</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1041</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1050</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1061</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1070</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1111</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr nobl">1120</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc" colspan="4">σ, 58.32</td>
+    <td class="tdc" colspan="4">σ, 51.50</td>
+    <td class="tdc" colspan="4">σ, 76.99</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>A comparison of the standard deviations gives the following results
+for man:</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ratio:</td>
+    <td class="nw">weight ÷ chest-girth</td>
+    <td class="nw">weight ÷ chest-girth²</td>
+    <td class="nw">weight ÷ chest-girth³</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Standard deviation:</td>
+    <td class="tdc">58.3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">51.5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">77.0</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span></p>
+
+<p>From these results the conclusion is drawn that since the variability
+(standard deviation) of weight ÷ chest-girth² is least, the square of
+the chest-girth varies more closely with weight than either the first
+or third power of chest-girth; consequently the square of chest-girth
+is the best measure of weight of the three.</p>
+
+<p>By hypothesis, the chest-girth in persons of the same build varies
+very closely or exactly with stature; consequently we could substitute
+in the foregoing ratios for chest its average equivalent, stature/<i>K</i>,
+in which <i>K</i> is nearly 2, more precisely 1.9. In any case it is thus
+clearly deducible that a better index of build is got by dividing weight
+by the square of stature than by its cube, as has been so often done.
+Accordingly, the ratio of weight to stature² has been adopted in this
+paper as the standard index of build. The correlation between this
+index of build and relative chest-girth is found by calculation to be
+about 0.45.</p>
+
+<p>In any scale of index of build it is, of course, desirable to use the
+metric system. Unfortunately, most of our data are in English units,
+so that our indices were first obtained by the use of these units. We
+have in many cases transmuted the English into the equivalent metric
+measures. We have, however, retained the original English index,
+since a large portion of the more cultured part of the world uses that
+system in daily life. A table to facilitate transmutation is also given
+in the Appendix, <a href="#tableXVIII">table XVIII</a>. To facilitate the determination of the
+index of build when stature and weight (in English or metric units)
+are known, <a href="#tableXVI">table XVI</a> has been prepared (pages 169, 170).</p>
+
+<p>To avoid decimals, the ratio, weight in pounds ÷ (stature in
+inches)² is multiplied in this book by 1,000; this gives a series of
+ratios running from 20 to 60 and over. To avoid confusion with the
+English system, the metric equivalents are taken as the ratio of
+weight in grams ÷ (stature in centimeters)². This gives a series of
+index numbers of the order 1.5 to 4.0; in this case, at least, one decimal
+is always expressed. The small integral figure and the decimal at
+once indicate that the index is from metric units. Since the index of
+build has often been expressed as the ratio of weight to, respectively,
+stature, stature²⸳⁵, and stature³, <a href="#tableXVII">table XVII</a> has been prepared to permit
+these ratios to be transmuted into weight ÷ stature², English
+system.</p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_3">CLASSIFICATION OF BUILD.</h3>
+
+<p>For the purposes of analysis, it was found necessary to make a
+small number of classes of build. To decide upon the limits of these
+classes, a polygon of frequency of all indices of build was made, as
+shown in <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a>. It appeared plain at the outset that it is desirable
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span>to plot the data in this polygon by using as abscissæ the logarithms
+of the index of build rather than the absolute indices, since the
+range of weight above the mode is, for obvious reasons, very much
+greater than below the mode. Taking mean weight at 68 kg., or 150
+pounds, the minimum weight is about 20 kg. (45 pounds), or 25 kg.
+(55 pounds) below the mean, and the maximum weight is about
+150 kg. (330 pounds), or 182 kg. (400 pounds) above the mean. That
+is, the range of weight classes is three times as great above as below
+the mean. Plotting data in logarithmic fashion, as shown in <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a>,
+it appears that the modal index of build is 2.3 (33). The range is
+from 1.4 (20) to 4.5 (64). Using the logarithms of abscissæ, the
+curve is more nearly a symmetrical one. It is more irregular above
+than below the mode, because the classes are more numerous and the
+frequency of each class smaller. The presence of two modes is suggestive
+of the hypothesis that the medium class and probably the
+fleshy classes are not strictly homogeneous, but, on the contrary, comprise
+groups of individuals whose build is due to dissimilar factors, or
+sets of factors.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure7" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure07.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 7.</span>—Polygon of frequency of the various indices of build (weight ÷ stature²). From last
+    column of <a href="#table12">table 12</a>, with slight modifications.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span></p>
+
+<p>To derive the desired classes from <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a>, the polygon was somewhat
+arbitrarily divided into five parts, as indicated. Taking 33.5
+as a starting-point, an equal logarithmic distance was laid off, above
+and below this point, on the base-line. This was taken as the range
+of middle class. An equal logarithmic range was accorded the classes
+next above and below the median respectively. All of the remainders
+were thrown into the extreme classes to which are given, thus, a
+somewhat greater range than the interior classes. This seemed desirable,
+since their frequencies were so low. The adjusted classes finally
+adopted are as shown in <a href="#table9">table 9</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table9"><span class="smcap">Table 9.</span>—<i>The five standard classes of build; limits and middle points of each.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Class.</th>
+    <th colspan="7">Range of indices.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="3">Metric.</th>
+    <th colspan="3">English.</th>
+    <th>Middle of class<br>(English).</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Very slender (V. S.)</td>
+    <td class="nobr">1.40</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl">to</td>
+    <td class="nobl">1.80</td>
+    <td class="nobr">20</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl">to</td>
+    <td class="nobl">25.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">23.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Slender (S.)</td>
+    <td class="nobr">1.81</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">2.14</td>
+    <td class="nobr">25.5</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">30.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">28.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Medium (M.)</td>
+    <td class="nobr">2.15</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">2.56</td>
+    <td class="nobr">30.5</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">36.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">33.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fleshy (F.)</td>
+    <td class="nobr">2.57</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">3.05</td>
+    <td class="nobr">36.5</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">43.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">40.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Very fleshy (V. F.)</td>
+    <td class="nobr">3.06</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">4.50+</td>
+    <td class="nobr">43.5</td>
+    <td class="nobr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="nobl">64&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;+</td>
+    <td class="tdc">48.0</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_4">SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATIONS IN BUILD.</h3>
+
+<p>What is the meaning of the great variations of build described in
+the preceding paragraph? What is known in this matter may here be
+briefly summarized that it may be held in mind in considering the
+numerous cases to which we shall have occasion to refer.</p>
+
+<p>In general, it may be stated that variations in build are due to
+endogenous causes and exogenous causes. In this book we shall have
+occasion to examine especially the former—the constitutional or
+hereditary factors. These include idiosyncrasies of metabolism, in
+part controlled by peculiarities in the functioning of the endocrine
+glands; in part, probably, by even finer protoplasmic differences.
+Thus it is known that the thyroid gland greatly influences metabolism;
+its activity in growing children tends to produce tall and slender
+form. On the other hand, deficiency in its activity in childhood leads
+to the type of obesity known as cretinism, and in middle life to
+myxedema. The secretions of the pituitary gland cooperate with the
+thyroid in stimulating growth, especially in the preadolescent stage.
+When pituitary secretions are deficient there frequently results, it is
+believed, the adiposogenital syndrome, in which great masses of fat
+are deposited on breasts, abdomen, hips, and buttocks, and the gonads
+remain infantile. A case that quite certainly belongs to this category
+is shown by Beck (1922, p. 881) and reproduced in <a href="#plate8">plate 8</a>,
+figures 3, 4, 5; 3 of this man’s 4 sibs are fleshy and have scant beards.
+This is quite like our standard very fleshy case (<a href="#plate2">plate 2</a>, fig. 5). See,
+also, the extreme cases falling under this category described by Lyon,
+1910.</p>
+
+<p>Lesions of the pineal gland (Beck, 1922, p. 909) and of the gonads
+are stated in some cases to induce obesity. Certain it is that, on the
+other hand, the activity of the gonads tends to slow up growth in
+stature and to increase the chest circumference (<a href="#plate6">plate 6</a>), and this
+change is more marked in the male than the female.</p>
+
+<p>The exogenous causes of build are striking, so much so that many
+physiologists seem to accept the hypothesis that they are of sole
+importance, that excess of fat is due merely to excess of calories
+ingested over those concerned in bodily activity. While no one will
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span>deny the possibility of starving most fleshy persons thin or of increasing
+the weight of most adults by an excess of food, yet it is also
+obvious that two persons of the same stature and fed equal amounts
+of similar food may come to differ enormously, due to internal conditions,
+sometimes of glandular origin and sometimes dependent upon,
+or at least associated with, disease.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table10"><span class="smcap">Table 10.</span>—<i>Incidence of disease in relation to build.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Diagnosis of disease.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">In 10,000 of standard population.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">In persons of selected build.</th>
+    <th></th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>1. No. of cases.</th>
+    <th>2. Per cent afflicted.</th>
+    <th>3. No. of cases.</th>
+    <th>4. Per cent afflicted<br>in 69 V. S. population.</th>
+    <th>5. Ratio of col. 4 to col. 2.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdc nw"><span class="smcap">Very Slender Build.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">YOUTH.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Influenza</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.07</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40.14</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tuberculosis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.70</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Colds</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">MIDDLE AGE.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Melancholia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nervousness</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8.60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.62</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tuberculosis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.85</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdc bt"><span class="smcap">Slender Build.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="th bt">Per cent afflicted<br>in 737 S. population.</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">YOUTH.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fevers</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.04</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.55</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Adenoids</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.20</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Appendicitis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.76</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Anemia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.68</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tuberculosis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.62</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tonsilitis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.04</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.07</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.91</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bronchitis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.62</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.06</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pneumonia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nervous breakdown</td>
+    <td class="tdr">74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.03</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.74</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rheumatism</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.85</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Diphtheria</td>
+    <td class="tdr">150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.71</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Scarlet Fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.93</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.40</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Typhoid fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">253</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.34</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">MIDDLE AGE.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Anemia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.03</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.407</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.57</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Intestinal trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.04</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.407</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10.17</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Appendicitis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.220</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tuberculosis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.980</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.14</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Heart disease</td>
+    <td class="tdr">94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pneumonia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.980</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.14</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Typhoid fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.57<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdc bt"><span class="smcap">Fleshy Build</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="th bt">Per cent afflicted<br>in 543 F. population.</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">YOUTH.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Adenoids</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.553</td>
+    <td class="tdr">55.30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Scarlet fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.81</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.642</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.36</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Typhoid fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">253</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pneumonia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.90</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">MIDDLE AGE.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hernia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.08</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.00</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Arterio-sclerosis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.09</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.22</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bladder trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.00</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Measles</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.00</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Appendicitis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.65</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eczema</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.06</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.17</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hemorrhoids</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.92</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7.11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Liver trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.88</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Paralysis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.80</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Heart trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.69</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gallstones</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.68</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Apoplexy</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.44</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tumor</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.92</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.13</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bronchitis</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.66</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Erysipelas</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cancer</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.84</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.61</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pneumonia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.98</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.58</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Malaria</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Typhoid fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.06</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.95</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kidney trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.03</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.74</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rheumatism</td>
+    <td class="tdr">349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.82</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.95</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td class="tdc bt"><span class="smcap">Very Fleshy Build.</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="th bt">Per cent afflicted<br>in 103 V. F. population.</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">YOUTH.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pneumonia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.79</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.115</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc allsmcap">MIDDLE AGE.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dropsy</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.91</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20.80</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Stomach trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.91</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.40</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Apoplexy</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.85</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.40</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kidney trouble</td>
+    <td class="tdr">74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7.76</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10.60</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cancer</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.88</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7.61</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Heart disease</td>
+    <td class="tdr">94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.82</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.20</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pneumonia</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7.76</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.6&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Malaria</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.5&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Typhoid fever</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.82</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rheumatism</td>
+    <td class="tdr">349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.70</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.8&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p>Very slender build: A. Youth; expectation for cases of measles, 2; found, none.</p>
+
+<p>Slender build: A. Youth; expectation for cases of whooping-cough, 7; chicken-pox, 4; colds, 4;
+croup, 3. Cases found, none. B. Middle Age; expectation for cases of eye trouble, 30, erysipelas,
+24, tonsillitis, 23, and apoplexy, 21. Cases found, none.</p>
+
+<p>Fleshy build: A. Youth; expectation for cases of ear trouble, 19, lung trouble, 18. Cases
+found, none. B. Middle age; expectation for cases of throat trouble, 5. Cases found, none.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span></p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_5">DISEASES IN RELATION TO BUILD.</h3>
+
+<p>As just stated, it is frequently true that build is influenced permanently
+by disease. To test the influence of disease on, or association
+of diseases with, different types of build, a tabulation was made of
+the diseases recorded (in the Records of Family Traits, Eugenics
+Record Office) as occurring during youth and during middle age in
+10,000 fairly well described persons. This constituted the control.
+Then there was determined for our groups of very slender, slender,
+fleshy, and very fleshy, the incidence of disease. The ratio of the percentage
+incidence of the latter to the former was then calculated.
+In <a href="#table10">table 10</a> is given in sum many of the results found for the principal
+diseases. This table may now be briefly discussed.</p>
+
+<p>Persons of <i>very slender</i> build are characterized in youth by an
+excess of respiratory diseases—influenza, tuberculosis, and colds. In
+middle age they show an excess of melancholia, nervousness, and
+tuberculosis.</p>
+
+<p>In 737 persons of <i>slender</i> build there are found in youth many diseases
+in excess of normal incidence. These comprise diseases of the
+respiratory tract—tuberculosis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia; some
+nervous diseases, “nervous breakdown”; various general infections,
+such as “fevers,” appendicitis, anemia, “rheumatism,” diphtheria,
+scarlet and typhoid fevers. One might conclude that slender youth
+are relatively nonresistant to infections. In slender persons there is
+found in middle age an excess of tuberculosis and pneumonia, much
+appendicitis and intestinal trouble, and (as also in youth) anemia.</p>
+
+<p>These associations of slender build and disease are not always easy
+to interpret. The common idea of the tubercular diathesis comprises
+slender form. On the other hand, a person who has, or has recovered
+from, active pulmonary tuberculosis is apt to remain underweight,
+partly because the respiratory apparatus is damaged. The association
+of “nervousness” with slenderness is probably due to the double
+effect of some glandular dystrophy, as, for example, of the thyroid
+gland. Hyperthyroid individuals are usually tall, slender, and “nervous”
+or irritable.</p>
+
+<p>In 103 persons of <i>very fleshy</i> build, the only outstanding disease of
+youth is pneumonia. In middle age occur “kidney trouble,” “dropsy”
+(which often accompanies chronic nephritis), and apoplexy, which is
+sometimes caused by extra pressure on the blood-vessels resulting
+from impeded elimination from the kidney or to a diabetic tendency
+which puts extra work on the vessels. “Heart disease” is also commoner
+than usual.</p>
+
+<p>In 542 persons of fleshy build, “bladder trouble” (probably including
+diabetes) and kidney trouble are exceptionally frequent, also
+arterio-sclerosis and its accompaniments, apoplexy and paralysis.
+Hernia is frequent, as are various diseases of the digestive tract, such
+as appendicitis, hemorrhoids, liver trouble, and gallstones. These
+are doubtless not the cause of, but a consequence or concomitant of,
+overweight. Sibilant bronchitis, lithiasis (uric and biliare), and diabetes
+mellitus are mentioned, in addition to the above, by Heckel
+(1920, p. 31) as especially apt to be associated with obesity.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table11"><span class="smcap">Table 11.</span>—<i>Distribution of progeny of the different matings according to index of build; males
+and females tabulated separately.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[From Appendix tables, omitting starred families.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Index of build (English)</th>
+    <th colspan="14">Distribution of male progeny.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS×S II</th>
+    <th>VS×M III</th>
+    <th>VS×F IV</th>
+    <th>S×S VI</th>
+    <th>S×M VII</th>
+    <th>S×F VIII</th>
+    <th>S×VF IX</th>
+    <th>M×M X</th>
+    <th>M×F XI</th>
+    <th>M×VF XII</th>
+    <th>F×F XIII</th>
+    <th>F×VF XIV</th>
+    <th>VF×VF XV</th>
+    <th>Total ♂</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">94</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">83</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">77</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">62</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">55</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">♂</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">172</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">88</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">178</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">194</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">59</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">77</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">926</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">♀</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">67</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">745</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Total ♂ and ♀</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">306</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">327</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">340</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1671</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>Avg. ♂, 35.81 ± 0.12. σ ♂, 5.325 ± 0.084.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table11a"><span class="smcap">Table 11a.</span>—<i>Distribution of progeny of the different matings according to index of build; males
+and females tabulated separately</i>—Continued.</p>
+
+<p class="center">[From Appendix tables, omitting starred families.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Index of build (English)</th>
+    <th colspan="14">Distribution of female progeny.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Total ♂ and ♀</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS×S II</th>
+    <th>VS×M III</th>
+    <th>VS×F IV</th>
+    <th>S×S VI</th>
+    <th>S×M VII</th>
+    <th>S×F VIII</th>
+    <th>S×VF IX</th>
+    <th>M×M X</th>
+    <th>M×F XI</th>
+    <th>M×VF XII</th>
+    <th>F×F XIII</th>
+    <th>F×VF XIV</th>
+    <th>VF×VF XV</th>
+    <th>Total ♀</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">59</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">86</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">71</td>
+    <td class="tdr">119</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">71</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">142</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">93</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">55</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">♀</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">134</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">67</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">149</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">79</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">745</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1671</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>Avg. ♀, 34.54 ± 0.17. S. D. ♀, 5.133 ± 0.089.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The one clear conclusion from this study is that no single disease
+and no special single collection of diseases is exclusively responsible
+for exceptionally slender or exceptionally fleshy build. The variations
+in build are due primarily rather to various idiosyncrasies of development
+and metabolism which have largely an hereditary basis, upon
+which may be superimposed modifications by various types of disease.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table12"><span class="smcap">Table 12.</span>—<i>Distribution of progeny of the different matings, according to
+index of build; sexes tabulated together, based on Appendix tables,
+omitting starred families.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>Serial mating No.</th>
+    <th>II</th>
+    <th>III</th>
+    <th>IV</th>
+    <th>VI</th>
+    <th>VII</th>
+    <th>VIII</th>
+    <th>IX</th>
+    <th>X</th>
+    <th>XI</th>
+    <th>XII</th>
+    <th>XIII</th>
+    <th>XIV</th>
+    <th>XV</th>
+    <th rowspan="3">Total.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>Type of mating</th>
+    <th>VS×S</th>
+    <th>VS×M</th>
+    <th>VS×F</th>
+    <th>S×S</th>
+    <th>S×M</th>
+    <th>S×F</th>
+    <th>S×VF</th>
+    <th>M×M</th>
+    <th>M×F</th>
+    <th>M×VF</th>
+    <th>F×F</th>
+    <th>F×VF</th>
+    <th>VF×VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>Av. index of build</th>
+    <th>26.1</th>
+    <th>28.4</th>
+    <th>32.0</th>
+    <th>29.8</th>
+    <th>30.9</th>
+    <th>33.8</th>
+    <th>37.9</th>
+    <th>33.2</th>
+    <th>36.4</th>
+    <th>40.7</th>
+    <th>39.2</th>
+    <th>43.0</th>
+    <th>47.4</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>No. of matings.</th>
+    <th>4</th>
+    <th>8</th>
+    <th>5</th>
+    <th>23</th>
+    <th>101</th>
+    <th>49</th>
+    <th>11</th>
+    <th>92</th>
+    <th>114</th>
+    <th>30</th>
+    <th>33</th>
+    <th>29</th>
+    <th>7</th>
+    <th>506</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr bt">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">59</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">86</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr bt">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">119</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">178</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">154</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr bt">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">142</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">93</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">58<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr bt">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">38</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr bt">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">18</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">55</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">79</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">103</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">306</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">327</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">340</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1671</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="bt">Adult&nbsp;progeny per mating</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.50</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">5.00</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2.04</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.03</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.16</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.09</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2.98</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.70</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4.72</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.45</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3.29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Average</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35.04</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.01</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35.68</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.79</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35.41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.64</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.56</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38.49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39.20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35.24</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">P. E. of aver.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.86</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.54</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.83</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.78</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.087</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>σ</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.13</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.05</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4.34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>P. E. of σ</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.21</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">±.06</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span></p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_6">MASS STUDY OF VARIATION AND HEREDITY IN BUILD.</h3>
+
+<p>Having considered the classification and something of the causes
+of variation in build, we have now to consider the relation between
+the build of the parents and that of the progeny. This is the mass
+treatment of the data of “heredity” which was the prevailing method
+25 years ago and earlier. It is still a useful method in the case of
+traits due to multiple factors, such as the present one.</p>
+
+<p>The distribution of build in the children of the different matings
+is given in <a href="#table11">tables 11</a>, <a href="#table11a">11<span class="smcap">a</span></a>, and <a href="#table12">12</a>. There are 15 possible different combinations
+of matings of the five grades. The first of these (VS × VS)
+is not represented in our data, and the fifth, VS × VF, is represented
+by only one mating and no column is devoted to it. The frequencies
+are given separately for male and female offspring (<a href="#table11">table 11</a>), and
+again for both sexes together (<a href="#table12">table 12</a>). <a href="#table13">Table 13</a> shows that there
+is a considerable correlation between the average build of the parentage
+and that of the progeny. From the matings of the fleshier parents
+the progeny are fleshier; from those of slender parents, slenderer.
+This relation may conceivably be due to family tradition handed down
+from parents to children. We shall see later that this hypothesis
+meets with formidable difficulties to acceptance. The most reasonable
+hypothesis is that there are, above all, hereditary family tendencies
+that help determine build.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table13"><span class="smcap">Table 13.</span>—<i>Distribution of progeny of the various matings, according to classes of build,
+absolute numbers, and proportions, based on Appendix table, including starred families.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2" colspan="5">Type of mating.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Total No.<br>of children.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Absolute numbers.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Proportional&nbsp;frequencies<br>(per mille).</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS.</th>
+    <th>S.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>VF.</th>
+    <th>VS.</th>
+    <th>S.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>VF.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">No.</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">II</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">III</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">607</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">IV</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">280</td>
+    <td class="tdr">80</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VI</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">98</td>
+    <td class="tdr">686</td>
+    <td class="tdr">215</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VII</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">313</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VIII</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">85</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">475</td>
+    <td class="tdr">318</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">IX</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">360</td>
+    <td class="tdr">340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">160</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">X</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">332</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">82</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">605</td>
+    <td class="tdr">247</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">XI</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">346</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">210</td>
+    <td class="tdr">88</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">90</td>
+    <td class="tdr">606</td>
+    <td class="tdr">255</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">XII</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">63</td>
+    <td class="tdr">446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">321</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">XIII</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">62</td>
+    <td class="tdr">61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">390</td>
+    <td class="tdr">384</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">XIV</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">356</td>
+    <td class="tdr">349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">240</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">XV</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl nobr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">267</td>
+    <td class="tdr">333</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="5" class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1798</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Comparing the tables for male and female offspring, it appears,
+first, that there are, for some reason, more males than females about
+whom data of build are given, probably because more males than
+females know their stature and weight, or willingly record it; second,
+there are relatively more females than males of very slender build
+(grades 22 to 31); there are recorded relatively more very fleshy males
+than females (grades of 50 and above); third, there are relatively
+more recorded daughters than sons derived from one very slender
+parent, and from the F × F and M × M matings. The male progeny
+are more variable than the female as 5.325 ± 0.084 is to 5.133 ± 0.089;
+but the difference is less than three times the probable error, and is,
+consequently, not very significant.</p>
+
+<p>Considering next the table of total progeny of the various matings,
+it appears that the average number of children with recorded build
+from the recorded matings is variable. In descending order the
+fecundity of the matings is shown in <a href="#table14">table 14</a>. This table shows that
+larger families, on the average, were derived from fleshy parents than
+from slender parents. Thus the F × F matings yield 2.3 times as
+many children, on the average, per mating as the S × S matings.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table14"><span class="smcap">Table 14.</span>—<i>Average number of progeny yielded by each
+type of mating (based on <a href="#table12">table 12</a>).</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="3">Mating.</th>
+    <th>No. of children.</th>
+    <th colspan="3">Mating.</th>
+    <th>No. of children.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc">5.00</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.72</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.09</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.03</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.70</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.98</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.50</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.45</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr"></td>
+    <td class="nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdc"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span></p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_7">REGRESSION OF PROGENY TOWARD MEDIOCRITY.</h3>
+
+<p>Galton pointed out, in the case of stature, that, since correlation
+between parents and progeny is not perfect, the progeny of selected
+parents will tend to be less extremely selected and hence more nearly
+mediocre than their parents. It has, indeed, been shown in my studies
+on stature (1917, p. 341) that the progeny of tall parents do not show
+this regression to mediocrity as much as the progeny of short parents.
+This was regarded as evidence that the gametes of tall parents carried
+fewer recessive allelomorphs than those of short parents; hence were
+genetically “purer” and comprise more recessive factors. What is the
+condition in respect to the varying indices of build?</p>
+
+<p>The answer to this question is given in <a href="#table15">table 15</a>, which in turn is
+based on <a href="#table12">table 12</a>. This table shows for each of the 13 matings the
+average departure of the parents from mediocre build (which for the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span>parents is 34.86) and the corresponding departure of their offspring
+from mediocre build (which for the progeny is 35.24). In the right-hand
+column of the table is given the difference between these two
+departures, which measures the amount of regression toward mediocrity
+on the part of the progeny. The results of the last column are
+shown graphically in <a href="#figure8">figure 8</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table15"><span class="smcap">Table 15.</span>—<i>Average build and regression from parental average
+of the progeny of the various types of mating. Also matings arranged in
+order of regression. Sexes combined (based on <a href="#table12">table 12</a>).</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="3">Type of mating.</th>
+    <th>No. of matings.</th>
+    <th>No. of progeny.</th>
+    <th>Avg. build of parents.</th>
+    <th>Avg. build of progeny.</th>
+    <th>Departure of parents from mediocrity.</th>
+    <th>Departure of progeny from mediocrity.</th>
+    <th>Regression.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.13</td>
+    <td>28.55 ± .86</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-8.73</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-6.69</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.38</td>
+    <td>32.18 ± .54</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-6.48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-3.06</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32.00</td>
+    <td>35.04 ± .83</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-2.86</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-0.20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.66</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.77</td>
+    <td>28.47 ± .24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-5.09</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-6.77</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.68</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30.90</td>
+    <td>34.01 ± .16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-3.96</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.73</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.85</td>
+    <td>34.39 ± .22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.01</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-0.85</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+0.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.91</td>
+    <td>35.48 ± .51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.05</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+0.24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.81</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">92</td>
+    <td class="tdr">327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.23</td>
+    <td>34.79 ± .15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.63</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-0.45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+1.18</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36.45</td>
+    <td>35.41 ± .16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+1.59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+0.17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+1.42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40.68</td>
+    <td>36.53 ± .38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+5.82</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+1.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39.21</td>
+    <td>37.56 ± .29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.03</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.97</td>
+    <td>38.49 ± .36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+8.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.86</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47.43</td>
+    <td class="nw">39.20 ± .78</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+12.57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.96</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+8.61</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr" colspan="3">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">507</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1671</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">34.86</td>
+    <td class="bt">35.24</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>Mediocrity for parents, 34.86. Mediocrity for progeny, 35.24.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Matings Arranged in Order of Regression.</span></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.68</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+0.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+1.18</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+1.42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.03</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.66</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.73</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.81</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.86</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+8.61</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#figure8">Figure 8</a> shows clearly that, in spite of considerable irregularities,
+the line of regression descends from the matings of two very fleshy
+parents at the left, and in general from matings in which the average
+parental departure from the mean build of parents is positive, to the
+mating of two slender parents (or, less strikingly the VS × S mating)
+or in general to the matings in which the average parental departure
+is extremely negative. This result is most easily explained on the
+ground that whereas fleshy parents carry all sorts of gametes for
+build, slender parents carry a preponderance of gametes of their own
+kind; hence the progeny do not regress so much from the selected
+parental condition. This suggests that the slender parents are more
+nearly homozygous than the fleshy parents.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span></p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure8" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure08.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 8.</span>—Line of regression of progeny on parents, based on the difference between average
+    filial and parental departures from mediocrity. The abscissæ measure the average parental
+    departure of each class of mating. The ordinates are proportional to the filial regression.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>Still another test of the gametic composition of the parents is the
+variability of their offspring. The facts regarding such variability
+are given in <a href="#table16">table 16</a>. From this table it appears that the mating that
+yields the least variable progeny is that of two slender consorts. The
+variability in their progeny is measured by 2.41 ± 0.17. The variability
+of the progeny of the VS × S mating is greater, 4.21 ± 0.61,
+but on account of the small number of the progeny the probable error
+is large, and it is possible that this difference in variability between
+S × S and VS × S progeny is not a significant one. Next to the least
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span>variable are the offspring of the M × M mating, 4.06 ± 0.11, and this
+leads to the conclusion that a large proportion of the M parents are
+not merely heterozygous, but constitute a “pure race” of medium
+build. The offspring of the S × F mating have a fairly small variability
+4.13 ± 0.16, as befits a first generation (F₁) hybrid. On the
+other extreme, we have the M × VF mating with a standard deviation
+of 9.11 ± 0.41. This large standard deviation is due chiefly to the
+inclusion of one family (Ber-A) which contains 2 progeny of builds
+79 and 103, weighing 180 kg. (400 pounds) and 215 kg. (475 pounds)
+respectively. Otherwise, the variability of this mating is not extreme.
+It is 5.25 ± 0.24. The next largest variability is from the VF × VF
+mating, 6.31 ± 0.55, a variability that is due to the absence of any
+important mode. The progeny of the VS × F mating are highly
+variable, 6.18 ± 0.59, but this standard deviation has the largest
+probable error of any except VS × S, so that great stress must not be
+laid upon its exact position. In general, the progeny of matings with
+2 or 1 F or VF parents, belong to the more variable group and those
+with S (or VS) parents to the less variable group. The meaning of
+this is clear to the geneticist who has dealt with multiple factors. It
+indicates that some or all of the factors that make for fleshy build
+dominate to a greater or less degree over the factors for slenderness.
+The test of the regression of progeny toward mediocrity and the test
+of the variability of the progeny of the various matings thus lead to
+the same result—the factors for fleshiness are imperfectly dominant
+over those for slenderness, and the latter probably lack some or all of
+those factors that make for fleshy build.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table16"><span class="smcap">Table 16.</span>—<i>Progeny of the various types of matings arranged
+in order of variability or standard deviation (S. D.), together with the
+probable errors (P. E.) of the means and deviations; also the coefficients
+of variation (based on <a href="#table12">table 12</a>).</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="3">Type of mating.</th>
+    <th>No. of progeny.</th>
+    <th>Mean build of progeny and (P. E.)</th>
+    <th>Standard deviation and (P. E.)</th>
+    <th>Coefficient of variability.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">28.47 ± 0.24</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">2.41 ± 0.17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8.97</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">327</td>
+    <td class="tdc">34.79 ± 0.15</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.06 ± 0.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.67</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">155</td>
+    <td class="tdc">34.39 ± 0.22</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.13 ± 0.16</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.01</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">306</td>
+    <td class="tdc">34.01 ± 0.16</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.20 ± 0.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdc">28.55 ± 0.86</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.21 ± 0.61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdc">32.18 ± 0.54</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.22 ± 0.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">340</td>
+    <td class="tdc">35.41 ± 0.16</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.27 ± 0.11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.06</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdc">35.68 ± 0.51</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.44 ± 0.36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.44</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdc">37.56 ± 0.29</td>
+    <td class="tdc">5.37 ± 0.20</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdc">38.49 ± 0.36</td>
+    <td class="tdc">5.38 ± 0.27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.98</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VS</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdc">35.04 ± 0.83</td>
+    <td class="tdc">6.18 ± 0.59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">39.20 ± 0.78</td>
+    <td class="tdc">6.31 ± 0.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nobr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdc nobl nobr">×</td>
+    <td class="nobl">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">112</td>
+    <td class="tdc">37.64 ± 0.58</td>
+    <td class="tdc">9.11 ± 0.41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24.17</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_8">HYPOTHESIS.</h3>
+
+<p>The foregoing brief studies of the progeny of classes of matings
+suggest the following hypothesis:</p>
+
+<p>Fleshy build results from the action of several positive (dominant)
+factors that make for stoutness, while slenderness results from the
+absence of one or more of such factors, or is due to recessive factors.
+Fleshy parents may, and frequently do, carry gametes which lack the
+“fleshy” or carry the “slender” factor, while in slender parents for the
+most part the gametes carry only the slender factor, hence the gametes
+of slender parents are more nearly homogeneous. This hypothesis
+may be further developed as follows:</p>
+
+<p>Assuming that there are two independent factors A and B for build,
+then these may be found in different zygotes in the following combinations:</p>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>AABB</td>
+    <td>AaBB</td>
+    <td>aABB</td>
+    <td>aaBB</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>AABb</td>
+    <td>AaBb</td>
+    <td>aABb</td>
+    <td>aaBb</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>AAbB</td>
+    <td>AabB</td>
+    <td>aAbB</td>
+    <td>aabB</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>AAbb</td>
+    <td>Aabb</td>
+    <td>aAbb</td>
+    <td>aabb</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Or, disregarding order of the letters, and considering only the number
+and kind of genes in each kind of zygote, we have:</p>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>AABB</td>
+    <td>2AaBB</td>
+    <td>aaBB</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>2AABb</td>
+    <td>4AaBb</td>
+    <td>2aaBb</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>AAbb</td>
+    <td>2Aabb</td>
+    <td>aabb</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">in which the coefficients indicate the relative frequency of the different
+combinations.</p>
+
+<p>We may assume that:</p>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>4 positive factors in a zygote correspond to a very fleshy person.</li>
+  <li>3 factors correspond to a fleshy person.</li>
+  <li>2 factors correspond to a person of medium build.</li>
+  <li>1 factor corresponds to a slender person.</li>
+  <li>0 factor corresponds to a very slender person.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p><a href="#table17">Table 17</a> indicates the possible matings and their progeny.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table17"><span class="smcap">Table 17.</span>—<i>Percentage distribution of the progeny of the various matings, on the assumption
+that extreme fleshy build is dependent upon 4 zygotic factors in the parents.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">One parent.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Other parent.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Zygotic formulæ.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Gametic formulæ.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Percentage of each number of zygotes in progeny.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th class="nw">0 (VS)</th>
+    <th class="nw">1 (S)</th>
+    <th class="nw">2 (M)</th>
+    <th class="nw">3 (F)</th>
+    <th class="nw">4 (VF)</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AABB × AABB</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AB × AB</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc nw">AABB × AABb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="5" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="5" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AABB × AAbb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AB × Ab</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">AABB × AaBb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc nw">AABB × Aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AABB × aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AB × ab</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">AABb × AABb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="10" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="10" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc nw">AABb × AAbb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdc nw">AABb × AaBb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">12.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">AABb × Aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc nw">AABb × aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="21" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="21" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AAbb × AAbb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">Ab × Ab</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">AAbb × AaBb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">AaBb × AAbb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;aB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="12" class="tdc nw">AaBb × AaBb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="12" class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td rowspan="12" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="12" class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="12" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="12" class="tdr">6.25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{2Ab × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{2Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{2Ab × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{2Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × AB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="10" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="10" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc nw">AAbb × Aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdc nw">AABb × Aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td rowspan="8" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;aB × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;aB × aB&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="5" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="5" class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">AAbb × aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">Ab × ab</td>
+    <td class="tdc"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="pad-top">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">AaBb × aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;aB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc nw">Aabb × Aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;AB × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × Ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;ab × ab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc nw">Aabb × aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;Abab&nbsp;}</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc nw">{&nbsp;abab&nbsp;}</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="tdc nw">aabb × aabb</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span></p>
+
+<p>On the hypothesis of 6 zygotic factors for build, the possible combinations
+in the progeny are much more numerous. Seven classes of
+zygotic combinations are possible. We recognize in our work only 5
+classes of build. Accordingly, it would be necessary to redistribute
+our classes of build into 7 or else assume that the two lowest classes
+are both comprised in “very slender” and the two highest in “very
+fleshy.” The former operation would require an amount of work
+hardly justified by the possible advantage; so the latter procedure
+was adopted as perhaps a sufficiently close approximation. The distributions
+are given in <a href="#table18">table 18</a> which is given in detail only in part.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table18"><span class="smcap">Table 18.</span>—<i>Percentage distribution of the progeny of the various matings on the assumption
+that extreme fleshy build is dependent on 6 zygotic factors in the parents.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="2">No. of factors in</th>
+    <th colspan="8">Percentage of each class of zygotic factors.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>One parent.</th>
+    <th>Other parent.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">6</th>
+    <th>5</th>
+    <th>4</th>
+    <th>3</th>
+    <th>2</th>
+    <th>1</th>
+    <th>0</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">3.125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.125</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl">1.5625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.4375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.4375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.5625</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="4" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.125</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">3</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="3" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="3" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">2</td>
+    <td rowspan="2" class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nobr">{</td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">1</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr class="bt">
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="tdc">0</td>
+    <td class="nobr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr nobl"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_9">MATE SELECTION IN BUILD.</h3>
+
+<p>Statistics on temperament and stature of consorts (Davenport,
+1915, p. 106; 1917, p. 329) seem clearly to show that there is an
+assortative mating in respect to these traits. The question arises:
+Is there assortative mating in respect to build? The inquiry is rendered
+the more difficult, inasmuch as build changes to such an extent
+with age. Nevertheless, as there appears to be a considerable correlation
+(though not yet calculated) between build at 25 and at 50
+years, it is fair to assume that some degree of the mature build is
+already indicated at the period just before marriage.</p>
+
+<p>If, now, there is no assortative mating in respect to build, we should
+find that persons of any given build, say slender, would have very
+slender, slender, medium, fleshy, and very fleshy consorts in the respective
+proportions in which such classes of build occur in the whole
+population of parents. A marked deviation from this expectation
+would indicate the falseness of this hypothesis and that there is an
+assortative mating in respect to build.</p>
+
+<p>To test the hypothesis we can make use of 531 matings, including
+those which are employed in the main tables. We find the male and
+the female consorts in these matings to occur in the different classes
+in the numbers and proportions shown in <a href="#table19">table 19</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table19"><span class="smcap">Table 19.</span>—<i>Percentage distribution of parents of each sex among the various classes
+of build as found in 531 selected matings. Based on Appendix tables.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Classes.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">Males.</th>
+    <th colspan="2">Females.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>Frequency.</th>
+    <th>Per cent.</th>
+    <th>Frequency.</th>
+    <th>Per cent.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">.38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">97</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.92</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">230</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43.31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">210</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39.55</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.59</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8.29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10.55</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">531</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">531</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">100</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span></p>
+
+<p>In applying the test to the hypothesis we may assume in turn that
+the groom has done the selecting and that the bride has done the
+selecting. We then compare, in the selections made by the grooms,
+the expected proportion of the classes of build on the assumption of
+no assortative mating, with the proportions actually found in the
+brides. Similarly, with suitable changes for the selections made by
+the brides. The results are given in <a href="#table20">table 20</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table20"><span class="smcap">Table 20.</span>—<i>Percentage distribution of build of consorts
+selected by grooms and by brides belonging to each of the classes of
+build, and comparison with the standards of <a href="#table19">table 19</a>.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">P, percentages found or expected. E, percentage excess of found over expected.</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th colspan="2">VS</th>
+    <th colspan="2">S</th>
+    <th colspan="2">M</th>
+    <th colspan="2">F</th>
+    <th colspan="2">VF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Total</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>P</th>
+    <th>E</th>
+    <th>P</th>
+    <th>E</th>
+    <th>P</th>
+    <th>E</th>
+    <th>P</th>
+    <th>E</th>
+    <th>P</th>
+    <th>E</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="12"><span class="smcap">Selections made by Grooms.</span></th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Expected build of brides, random selection</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">10.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Selections by <i>slender</i> grooms</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+52.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+6.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-12.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Selections by <i>medium</i> grooms</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+18.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-47.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Selections by <i>fleshy</i> grooms</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-5.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-23.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-4.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+55.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Selections by <i>very fleshy</i> grooms</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-2.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+20.8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+71.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="12"><span class="smcap">Selections made by Brides.</span></th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Expected build of grooms, random selection</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">43.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.8</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">8.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Selections by <i>slender</i> brides</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1.59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+297.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+3.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+18.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-23.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-33.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Selections by <i>medium</i> brides</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-6.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+2.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8.1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-2.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Selections by <i>fleshy</i> brides</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+4.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-1.8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-5.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+20.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Selections by <i>very fleshy</i> brides</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-12.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">-46.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46.4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+55.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">+72.3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>An inspection of <a href="#table19">tables 19</a> and <a href="#table20">20</a> shows that the hypothesis that
+wives and husbands of men of each different class of build are merely
+random samples of the whole population of parents is not supported
+by the facts. Thus on the part of both very fleshy grooms and brides
+over 70 per cent more consorts, who will ultimately be very fleshy
+are selected than are expected on the hypothesis of random sampling.
+Also, among fleshy fathers there is a marked excess of very
+fleshy wives. Slender parents have an excess of similar consorts.
+Medium parents have selected consorts nearly at random so far as
+regards build. Slender parents have selected a smaller proportion
+of very fleshy consorts than expectation on random choice, and very
+fleshy parents have selected less than the average of very slender and
+slender consorts. In a word, there is some degree of assortative
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span>mating and, indeed, a mating of similars. This result agrees with the
+findings in respect to stature; similars tend to mate; while in the
+case of temperament, dissimilars tend to marry each other.</p>
+
+<h3 id="PART_II_10">THE BASAL TABLES.</h3>
+
+<p>In the Appendix are given in tabular form details concerning the
+different types of matings, with some information concerning the
+grandparents, the sibs of parents, and the children. These are the
+tables that have been used for the mass study and from which <a href="#table11">table
+11</a> was drawn up.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> They will afford much of our data for the detailed
+Mendelian studies, and will be briefly considered in this section.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> The families in the tables of the Appendix which are marked
+by an asterisk (*) are not included in <a href="#table11">table 11</a>. The reason is that they
+were selected families, usually because containing very fleshy persons.
+It was deemed undesirable to combine these selected families with the
+unselected families that make up most of <a href="#table11">table 11</a>; a table which forms
+the basis for <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a>. To have included them would have distorted the
+form of that figure.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>These tables are derived chiefly from the Records of Family Traits;
+some from special schedules and, in a few cases, from the A file of the
+Eugenics Record Office.</p>
+
+<div class="hanging">
+
+<p><i>Table I.</i>—Mating of very slender, 1.50 to 1.75 metric (21 to 25 English) ×
+very slender. This combination does not occur in our 506 standard
+matings.</p>
+
+<p><i>Table II.</i>—Matings of very slender × slender, 1.80 to 2.10 (26 to 30). There
+are seven matings altogether. They yielded 20 progeny: 4 VS, 12 S,
+2 M, and 2 F. Four-fifths of the progeny thus fall in the parental
+groups; the distribution shows little variability (<a href="#figure9">fig. 9</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table III.</i>—Matings of very slender × medium, 2.2 to 2.6 (31 to 36). 28
+children derived from 8 matings have indices of build as follows:
+1 VS, 7 S, 17 M, 3 F. The mode of the progeny, as compared with
+<a href="#table2">table 2</a>, has shifted to the medium grade (<a href="#figure10">fig. 10</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table IV.</i>—Matings of very slender × fleshy, 2.6 to 3.0 (37 to 43). There
+are 5 matings. These yielded 25 progeny: 1 VS, 5 S, 10 M, 7 F, and
+2 VF. The mode is at medium grade, but the whole distribution is
+much more variable than in <a href="#table2">tables 2</a> and <a href="#table3">3</a> (<a href="#figure11">fig. 11</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table V.</i>—Matings of very slender × very fleshy, 3.1 to 4.5 (44 to 64).
+There is only 1 mating in this class, so that no table is formed. It
+is described in full on <a href="#Page_97">page 97</a>. It produced 7 children: 3 S, 3 M,
+and 1 VF.</p>
+
+<p><i>Table VI.</i>—Matings of slender × slender. There are 24 matings of this type.
+They yielded 51 progeny: 5 VS, 35 S, 11 M. The mode is strongly
+in the S grade; the progeny show relatively little variability (<a href="#figure12">fig. 12</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table VII.</i>—Matings of slender × medium parents. There are 101 matings
+of this type. They yielded 313 progeny: 49 S, 200 M, 53 F, 11 VF.
+The mode is at medium; the progeny show rather low variability
+(<a href="#figure13">fig. 13</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table VIII.</i>—Matings of slender × fleshy parents. There are 52 matings of
+this type. They yielded 179 progeny: 5 VS, 25 S, 85 M, 57 F, 7 VF.
+The mode is at medium: the progeny show rather low variability
+(<a href="#figure14">fig. 14</a>).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Table IX.</i>—Matings of slender × very fleshy parents. There are 16 matings
+of this type. They yielded 50 progeny: 7 S, 18 M, 17 F, 8 VF. The
+progeny are very variable (<a href="#figure15">fig. 15</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table X.</i>—Matings of medium × medium parents. There are 93 matings
+of this type. They yielded 332 offspring: 2 VS, 40 S, 201 M, 82 F,
+7 VF. The progeny are not very variable (<a href="#figure16">fig. 16</a>), indicating that
+all individuals of medium build are not “heterozygotes”; but that
+there is also a “medium” race.</p>
+
+<p><i>Table XI.</i>—Matings of medium × fleshy parents. There are 115 matings
+of this type. They yielded 346 offspring: 31 S, 210 M, 88 F, 17 VF.
+The progeny show an intermediate degree of variability (<a href="#figure17">fig. 17</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table XII.</i>—Matings of medium × very fleshy parents. There are 30 matings
+of this type. They yielded 112 offspring: 2 VS, 7 S, 50 M, 36 F,
+17 VF. The progeny show considerable variability (<a href="#figure18">fig. 18</a>).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Table XIII.</i>—Matings of fleshy × fleshy parents. There are 33 matings of
+this type. They yielded 159 offspring: 15 S, 62 M, 61 F, 21 VF.
+The progeny show a rather high variability (<a href="#figure19">fig. 19</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table XIV.</i>—Matings of fleshy × very fleshy parents. There are 30 matings
+of this type. They yielded 146 offspring: 1 VS, 7 S, 52 M, 51 F, 35
+VF. The progeny are very variable (<a href="#figure20">fig. 20</a>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Table XV.</i>—Matings of very fleshy × very fleshy parents. There are 7
+matings of this type. They yielded 37 offspring: 1 S, 12 M, 11 F,
+13 VF. The progeny are exceedingly variable (<a href="#figure21">fig. 21</a>).</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The diversity of the distributions of the progeny of the various
+matings and the great difference in their variabilities indicates that
+there is not only an inheritance of tendencies to particular types of
+build, but also that there is a strong evidence of some sort of Mendelian
+inheritance.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span></p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp64" id="figure9" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure09.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 9.</span>—Per mille distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableII">table II</a>, VS × S matings. Number of individuals, 20.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp60" id="figure10" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure10.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 10.</span>—Per mille distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableIII">table III</a>, VS × M matings. Number of individuals, 28.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp64" id="figure11" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure11.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 11.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableIV">table IV</a>, VS × F matings. Number of individuals, 25.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp50" id="figure12" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure12.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 12.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableVI">table VI</a>, S × S matings. Number of individuals, 51.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="figure13" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure13.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 13.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableVII">table VII</a>, S × M matings. Number of individuals, 313.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="figure14" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure14.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 14.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableVIII">table VIII</a>, S × F matings. Number of individuals, 179.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp60" id="figure15" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure15.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 15.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableIX">table IX</a>, S × VF matings. Number of individuals, 50.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="figure16" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure16.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 16.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableX">table X</a>, M × M matings. Number of individuals, 332.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="figure17" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure17.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 17.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableXI">table XI</a>, M × F matings. Number of individuals, 1,346.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp60" id="figure18" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure18.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 18.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableXII">table XII</a>, M × VF matings. Number of individuals, 112.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span></p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp81" id="figure19" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure19.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 19.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableXIII">table XIII</a>, F × F matings. Number of individuals, 159.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp81" id="figure20" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure20.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 20.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableXIV">table XIV</a>, F × VF matings. Number of individuals, 146.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp81" id="figure21" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure21.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 21.</span>—Percentage distribution of progeny
+    of <a href="#tableXV">table XV</a>, VF × VF matings. Number of individuals, 37.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="PART_III">PART III.<br>
+FAMILY STUDIES IN HEREDITY OF BUILD.</h2>
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="A_STATEMENT_OF_PROBLEM">A. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Our study of the mass relation in build between parental and filial
+generation has followed the ordinary pre-Mendelian method of analysis
+of heredity, a method that has proved rather sterile for prediction
+of filial traits. It has, however, enabled us to formulate an hypothesis
+in Mendelian language. It now remains to use our data in Mendelian
+fashion, to seek a test of the hypothesis.</p>
+
+<p>In this study we shall not use all of the families listed in the main
+tables of the Appendix, because some of them are for various reasons
+not adequate for Mendelian analysis; for example, in some cases the
+ancestry is insufficiently known, so that the gametic nature of the
+parents can not be inferred. It is considered preferable to analyze a
+few of the more completely known families than to rest content with
+the mass statistics. I shall take up in order the more significant
+matings.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="B_DISCUSSION_OF_SPECIAL_MATINGS">B. DISCUSSION
+OF SPECIAL MATINGS.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The asterisk immediately preceding the reference letters means that
+the family referred to is not included in the statistics of <a href="#table11">table 11</a>.</p>
+
+<p>†tb or †t, immediately following an index number in this study,
+signifies that the person with that index number had active tuberculosis.
+The † indicates death by the disease.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_I"><span class="smcap">Class I. Both Parents Slender.</span></h4>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_I_1">Mating 1. <span class="smcap">One Parent is Very Slender, of Slender Stock, the Other Slender.</span></h5>
+
+<p>We have only two fair cases falling into this category. The
+*Fun family with the paternal formula 27, 29, 27 and the maternal
+formula 32, 27, 25; and the Sch-37 family with the paternal formula
+29, 33±, 29 and the maternal formula 27±, 29± †tb, 25. (In these
+formulas the indices of father’s father, father’s mother, father, and
+similarly for the mother’s side of the house are given in that order.)
+The full history of these cases follows:</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">*Fun Family.</span> (<a href="#figure22">Fig. 22.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 6, ♂, 170 cm. (67 inches) tall, and weighing 56 kg. (123 pounds); build
+1.9 (27); slender and of exclusively slender sibship and parentage; married
+II 7, ♀, 167 cm. (66 inches) tall and weighing 50 kg. (110 pounds); build,
+1.8 (25); very slender and of slender or medium sibship and parentage.
+They have 2 children: (1) ♀, at 27 years, 165 cm. (65 inches) tall and
+weighing 54 kg. (118 pounds); build 1.9 (28), slender; (2) ♂, at 24 years,
+183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighing 68 kg. (149 pounds), build 2.0 (29),
+slender.</p>
+
+<p>Thus this mating of very slender × slender parents yielded only
+(2) slender offspring. A slender × slender mating from the same
+family may be added here.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span></p>
+
+<p>I 1, ♂, 172 cm. (68 inches) tall and weighing 57 kg. (125 pounds); build
+1.9 (27), slender. Married I 2, ♀, 157 cm. (62 inches) tall and weighing
+50 kg. (110 pounds), build 2.0 (29), slender. They had 4 children: (1) ♂,
+173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighing 54 kg. (120 pounds); build 1.8 (26),
+slender; (2) ♂, 173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighing 60.4 kg. (133 pounds);
+build 2.0 (29), slender; (3) ♀, 165 cm. (65 inches) tall, weighing 52 kg.
+(115 pounds); build 1.9 (27), slender; (4) ♂, 170 cm. (67 inches) tall,
+weighing 56 kg. (123 pounds); build 1.9 (27), slender.</p>
+
+<p>Two slender parents have thus only (4) slender offspring (A: 034).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure22" style="max-width: 31.25em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure22.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 22.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Fun</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>In this and the following pedigree charts the following symbolism
+is adopted. The generations are marked at the left
+margin; members of one fraternity are suspended from one
+horizontal line; square, males; circles, females. The abbreviations:
+d. inf. (died in infancy), and d. yg. (died young) are easily
+interpreted.</p>
+
+<p>The degree of shading indicates the degree of build according
+to the following scheme:</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="symbols-key" style="max-width: 31.25em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/symbols-key.jpg" alt="">
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Sch-37 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of German extraction living in Ohio. The Father, a farmer,
+who in youth suffered from inflammation of the bowels and in middle age
+from congestion of the brain, died at 69 years from tetanus and apoplexy.
+Formula: 150/72 inches, build 2.0 (29). His father, a farmer, died of
+apoplexy at 83 years. At 80 years his formula was: 150/72 inches; build
+2.0 (29). His mother, who in middle age was subject to stomach trouble
+and “shingles,” died of old age at 83 years, having at 80 years the formula
+130/M; build 2.3 (33±). Thus, this side of the house is prevailingly
+slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth was subject to hives, and in middle age to
+asthma and eczema, has at 73 years the formula 94/63 inches; build 1.7
+(25). Her father, a farmer, who always suffered from asthma and died
+of it at 74 years, had at 70 years the formula 120/M; build 1.9 (27±).
+Her mother, who died at 83 years of tuberculosis of intestine, had at 80
+years the formula 110/M; build 2.0 (29±). This is a decidedly slender
+family, more so than that of the paternal side. The five children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, who in youth had measles, whooping-cough, hay-fever, colds,
+and, in middle age, asthma and hemorrhoids, has at 47 years the formula
+165/72.5 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span></p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in youth suffered from sore throat, colds, diphtheria,
+and quinsy, and in middle age from sore throat; is quick-tempered and
+astigmatic. At 42 years she has the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, who died at 7 years, accident.</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, who in youth was subject to lung trouble and bronchitis,
+weighed 160 pounds at 27 years, 7 pounds at birth. She has gradually
+lost weight since 27 years, till at 37 years she has the formula 135/68
+inches; build 2.1 (29).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, who in youth suffered from lung fever, has a nervous temperament,
+at 30 years has the formula 137.5/72 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All but one of this fraternity of 4 who grew up are of slender
+build (unadjusted). The exception is a man of 47 years who is of slender-medium
+build (R: Sch-37).</p>
+
+<p>To summarize: Of 10 progeny (who grew up) of these 3 matings
+all are slender except 1 who falls just over the line into medium.</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_I_2"><span class="smcap">Mating 2. Both Parents Are Slender, of Slender Stock.</span></h5>
+
+<p><a href="#table21">Table 21</a> gives the progeny of matings of slender stock. Of the
+5 matured progeny, 4 are slender and 1 just over the line into medium.
+The details of the families are given below.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table21"><span class="smcap">Table 21.</span> <i>Matings of two slender parents; together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[From <a href="#tableVI">Table VI</a>.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">F</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">M</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Ker 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ste 9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ker-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living mostly in western United States—Colorado,
+Texas, New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, who was an army officer, is a railroad official who suffered
+in middle age from tropical fever. He has, at 51 years, the formula 150/72
+inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was a mechanic, died at 74 years
+from hardening of arteries, having had at 60 years the formula 160/M.
+His mother, who had 2 children, suffered in middle age from typhoid;
+she died at about 47 years from pneumonia. At 40 years, her formula
+110/S; build probably about 2.1 (30). This side of the house is prevailingly
+slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has had 4 children, suffered in middle age from neuritis.
+She is living at 49 years. Formula, 115/63 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her
+father, who was an army officer, suffered in middle age from heart trouble
+and rheumatism. He died at 58 years from heart trouble. At 38 years
+his formula 160/M. Her mother, who had 2 children, was an invalid;
+she died at 36 years from consumption. Formula 100/S; say about 2.0
+(27). This side of the house is prevailingly slender. Three children
+grew up:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span></p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a railroad man, who in youth suffered from throat trouble and
+pneumonia and who is very nervous, has at 21 years the formula 150/78
+inches; build 1.7 (25).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, formerly a teacher, now in the army, has at 20 years the formula
+158/71 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, is slender at 15 years.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The somewhat slender parents have 2 slender children and
+a third who is in the army and has a slender-medium build (R: Ker-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ste-9 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of German extraction, paternal grandparents living first in
+Germany, later in Alabama; maternal grandparents, parents, and children
+living in Alabama. The Father, who is a farmer, and suffered in youth
+from intermittent fever and in middle age from hay fever and gallstone or
+intestinal trouble, is living at 52 years. At 40 years his formula 120/65.5
+inches; build 1.9 (28). His father, who was a farmer, suffered in middle
+age from intermittent fever. He died at 82 years from congestion of bowels.
+At 60 years he was of medium build. His mother died at 57 years from
+intermittent fever. At 55 years she was slender. This side of the house
+should contribute a slender to medium tendency, unless the Father’s weight
+is abnormally low, due to his intestinal trouble.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth suffered from “enlarged tonsils,” and in middle
+age from bronchitis, is living at 50 years. At 40 years her formula 115/64.5
+inches; build 1.9 (28). Her father, who was a blacksmith, died at 32 years
+from “hemorrhage of lungs.” At 30 years he was slender. Her mother,
+who in youth suffered from malarial fever and in middle age from tumors,
+died at about 64 years from “intestinal trouble—tumors (?).” At 40 years
+her formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31). The gametes from this side of
+the house also should tend to produce slenderness in the children. Four
+children grew up:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, an engineer, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and bronchitis,
+has at 27 years the formula 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a teacher, who in youth suffered from bronchitis, has at 24
+years the formula 145/70 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a school teacher, who in youth suffered from malarial fever,
+has at 22 years the formula 115/62.8 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, under 18 years, of slender build, but about average for her age.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All 3 grown children have a slender build at present; it is
+possible that build may be increased as they grow older (R: Ste-9).</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_I_3"><span class="smcap">Mating 3. Other Slender × Very Slender Matings.</span></h5>
+
+<p>There are 3 matings of this type: (1) Nob-1, (2) Cod-1, (3)
+Jos-1 (<a href="#table22">table 22</a>).</p>
+
+<p>Of 7 grown and 4 immature children derived from this mating, 5
+grown children and 2 (or 3) adolescents are slender. In one mating
+(Jos-1) of ethnically dissimilar parents (from Riga and Baden
+respectively), both adult children are of much heavier build than
+either parent, i.e., of medium to fleshy build. This might be explained
+as an example of the extra-vigorous growth of hybrids; but we find
+few other examples of this result in human hybrids. It seems more
+probable that both parents carry 1 or more factors for fleshiness and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span>that all were combined in their eldest son, causing him to develop
+fleshiness further than either of his parents.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table22"><span class="smcap">Table 22.</span>—<i>Other matings of a slender and a very slender parent, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">F</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">M</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">R Cod 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>R Jos 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>R Nob 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td>Sui, Neur</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Cod-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction living in Ohio. The Father, a salesman,
+suffered in youth from whooping-cough, measles, inflammatory rheumatism;
+in middle age from mumps and smallpox. He is living at 45 years, having
+the formula 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, a farmer, died at 56
+years from influenza and heart trouble. At 45 years he had the formula
+160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). His mother, who suffered from indigestion,
+died at 72 years from “sclerosis of liver.” At 45 years her formula was
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33). Thus this side of the house is of medium
+to slender build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth had mumps, measles, hives, scarlet fever,
+tonsillitis, and rheumatism, and in middle life sick headaches, tonsillitis,
+and pneumonia, is living at 45 years, having the formula 95/62 inches; build
+1.8 (25). Her father, a farmer, who in youth suffered from malaria and indigestion
+and in middle age from heart trouble, gravel, and indigestion, died
+at 80 years from pneumonia and heart trouble, having the formula 150/71
+inches; build 2.1 (30). Her mother, who in youth had whooping-cough,
+mumps, erysipelas, asthma, pneumonia, and in middle age measles, asthma,
+neuralgia, pneumonia, and a slight attack of rheumatism, is living at 77
+years. At 45 years her formula was 108/60 inches; build 2.1 (30). Thus
+this side of the house is slender to very slender. The 2 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a druggist, who suffered from all the children’s diseases and
+appendicitis, pneumonia, smallpox, rheumatism, and asthma, and loses 8 to
+10 pounds in winter and gains it back in summer, has at 20 years the
+formula 100/62 inches; build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in youth suffered from all the children’s diseases,
+besides nervous nausea, pneumonia, and tonsillitis, has at 18 years the
+formula 95/61 inches; build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus both children are of slender build (R: Cod-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Jos-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family whose paternal and maternal grandparents lived in Baden and
+Latvia respectively; parents and children living in Pennsylvania.</p>
+
+<p>The Latvian Father, who in middle age suffered from a “touch” of
+typhoid, has at 60 years the formula 112/68 inches; build 1.7 (24).</p>
+
+<p>The Badenish Mother, who had three children, died at 54 years from
+pneumonia, having the formula 120/67 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span></p>
+
+<p>Of the two children who grew up:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a civil engineer, has at 33 years the formula 180/68 inches;
+build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, 189/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a student, has at 26 years the formula 150/69 inches; build
+2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children exceed in build the stouter parent; probably a
+result either of heterozygosis or multiple factors (R: Jos-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Nob-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction; paternal grandparents living in Illinois
+and Minnesota, maternal grandparents living in Canada and Minnesota,
+parents and children living in Illinois and Minnesota. The Father, a livery-man,
+a very energetic, nervous man, is in middle age liable to rheumatism.
+He has at 47 years the formula 140/74 inches; build 1.8 (26). His father,
+a farmer, who in middle age suffered from asthma, colds, and heart trouble,
+died at 65 years from heart failure, having the formula M/M. His mother,
+who had 11 children, suffered in middle age from bronchitis. She is living
+at 77 years, having the formula M/M.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has had 7 children, has the formula 105/66 inches;
+build 1.7 (24). One of her brothers hung himself; one of her sisters was
+always “sickly” and toward the end of her life “very peculiar.” Their
+father, a farmer, suffered in middle age from heart trouble. He died from
+“dropsy of heart.” At 60 years his formula was M/M. Their mother, who
+had 7 children, is living, now insane. At 61 years her formula was M/M.</p>
+
+<p>The 7 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from adenoids and tonsillitis,
+has at 21 years the formula 110/65 inches; build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a bookkeeper, has at 19 years the formula 100/66 inches;
+build 1.6 (23).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a student, has at 18 years the formula 112/67 inches; build
+1.8 (25).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—There are four children below 18 years. Of these, No. 4,
+at 14 years, is 18 pounds below standard; No. 5, at 12 years, 15 pounds
+below; No. 6, at 8 years, 2 pounds below; and No. 7, at 5 years, 2 pounds
+above standard.</p>
+
+<p>Thus the entire family, omitting the 5-year-old, is below the standard
+and mostly very slender or slender. In view of the fact that the parents
+are, at around 45 years, still slender or very slender, it is doubtful if the
+children’s weights should be adjusted; it is probably a family characteristic
+not to put on weight in middle life. This family supports the view
+that extreme slenderness is a recessive condition, or, at least, is determined
+by prevailing recessive factors (R: Nob-1).</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_I_4">Mating 4. <span class="smcap">Other Slender × Slender Matings</span> (included in <a href="#table23">table 23</a>).</h5>
+
+<p>Since by hypothesis slender parents will rarely carry gametes with
+more than 1 factor for fleshiness, it becomes important to consider
+the remaining slender × slender matings, i. e., without special regard
+to the grandparental conditions. A summary of the distribution of the
+progeny of all slender × slender matings is given in <a href="#tableVI">Table VI</a> (Appendix).
+This shows that of 51 grown children (resulting from 24
+matings), 5 are very slender, 35 slender, and 11 of medium build.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span>Here is a great preponderance of very slender and slender offspring—40
+out of the 51, and all of the 11 of medium build are below the
+middle class. There clearly are factors which drive even these progeny
+of two slender parents in some cases to become of slightly heavier
+build than their parents, and this result is to be expected if fleshy
+build depends on several zygotic factors, and slender build lacks all
+these factors but two. The distribution of builds in the offspring of
+the selected slender (and very slender) parents is shown in <a href="#table23">table 23</a>.
+The percentage distribution of the progeny is: 12 VS, 73 S, 13 M,
+2 F. On any hypothesis we should expect a large proportion of slender
+offspring. Close conformity to any theoretical distribution is hardly
+to be expected in this table, owing to the variety of matings included.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table23"><span class="smcap">Table 23.</span>—<i>Summary of selected slender × slender matings,
+and those of very slender parents, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ada 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cod 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fel</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">*Fun (a)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Fun (b)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hay 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hay 12</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hen 12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jos 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ker 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lan 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Law 7</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Leo (a)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Leo (b)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lou 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McA 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC 11</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Mor</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nob 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Pal</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ran 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch 8</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch 37</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sco 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Shi 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Smi</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ste 9</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 23</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>You 9</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A 01:44</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A 01:19</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A 01:60</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A 01:63</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total 77</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">56</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Percentage 100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">72.7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="6">Mean, 28.50 ± 0.24; S. D. 3.13 ± 0.17.</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Detailed family histories of these slender × slender matings are
+given herewith.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ada-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of old English American (Massachusetts and Ohio) stock,
+living in Michigan and Kansas. The Father, a merchant, who in youth
+suffered from brain fever, is living at 77 years, having had at 50 years
+the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His 4 sibs are all tall. His
+father, a farmer, died at 49 years from typhoid. At 40 years his formula
+160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33). His mother, who had 6 children, and who
+was always well, died at 65 years from pneumonia. At 40 years her formula
+130/69 inches; build 1.9 (27). This side of the house is of prevailingly
+slender to medium build.</p>
+
+<p>The mother, who has had 3 children and who suffered in middle age from
+rheumatism and colitis, is living at 66 years, having had at 50 years the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span>formula 120/66 inches; build 1.9 (28). Her father, a farmer, died from
+paresis. At 45 years he had the formula 175/69 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her mother, who in middle age suffered from diphtheria, died at 73 years
+from paralysis. At 45 years her formula 130/68 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+This side of the house is prevailingly slender (though with 1 stout grandparent).
+Two grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a photographer, who in youth suffered from tetanus, has at 25
+years the formula 140/71 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a teacher, has at 22 years the formula 130/70 inches; build
+1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both slender in the unadjusted build (R: Ada-4).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Fel-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch and Welsh extraction, living mostly in the mid-western
+United States. The Father, who is a builder, and who has suffered from
+several attacks of inflammation of the lungs, is living at 50 years, having
+the formula 143/70.5 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was in business,
+suffered from lung fever and was almost helpless from rheumatism
+several years before he was killed in an accident. At 60 years he had the
+formula 140/71 inches; build 2.0 (28). His father’s father, a farmer, died
+from lung fever, became emaciated before death. At 38 years, his formula
+162/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). His father’s mother, who had 6 children,
+and who was always well, died at 89 years from old age. At 30 years her
+formula 96/60 inches; build 1.9 (27). His mother, who had 4 children, was
+liable to chronic neuralgia. She died at 68 from pneumonia. At 30 years
+her formula 125/64.5 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother’s father, who died
+at 76 years from pneumonia, had the formula 168/77 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+A prevailingly slender family.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has only 1 child, has always been well. She is living at
+46 years, having the formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her father,
+who was an expert machinist, always well, died at 43 years from appendicitis.
+Formula, 200/69 inches; build 3.0 (42). Her mother, who had but
+1 child, was always well. She is living at 62 years, having the formula
+120/61 inches; build 2.3 (32). A slender mother, with medium to stout
+parents.</p>
+
+<p>The one child, a male, student, always well, has at 19 years the formula
+125/68.5 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A slender child (D: Fel-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hay-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch extraction; grandparents living in Massachusetts,
+New York State, Kansas, and California. Parents living in Massachusetts,
+California, Kansas, and Japan. The first two children were born in Japan,
+but live in California, where the rest were born. The Father, who is a
+rancher, has at 54 years the formula 155/73 inches; build 2.0 (29). His
+father, who was an accountant, died at 67 years from apoplexy. Their
+mother died from tuberculosis. Apparently a slender strain not very
+resistant to tuberculosis.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth suffered from lung fever, has at 45 years the
+formula 123/65.5 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her three sibs are tall. Their
+father, who was a merchant, suffered in middle age from tuberculosis and
+died from it. At 44 years he was tall and slender. Their mother, who in
+middle age suffered from chronic indigestion, had at 71 years the formula
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span>155/64 inches; build 2.7 (38). This side of the house is prevailingly
+slender, with a possible tubercular diathesis. Six children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a forester, has at 23 years the formula 170/76.8 inches; build
+2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a student, at 21 years is 71.5 inches tall.</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 18 years, has the formula 130/70 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+There are 3 children under 18 years, 2 slender and 1 whose build is unknown.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are slender, though they may develop into adults
+of medium build (R: Hay-4).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hay-12 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and Scotch extraction, living in Pennsylvania, West
+Virginia, and Washington, D. C. The Father, who is a clerk, always well,
+is living at 67 years. At 65 years his formula 150/74 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+Of his 6 sibs, 3 are slender and 3 of medium build. Their father, who was
+State senator, suffered in middle age from typhoid. He died at 85 years
+from old age. At 75 years his formula was 135/68 inches; build 2.1 (29).
+Their mother, who had 8 children and was always well until at 42 years
+she died from dropsy, was of medium build. This side of the house
+carries a tendency to slenderness.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother underwent an operation at 63 years for tic douloureux. She
+is living at 67 years. At 65 years her formula 108/64 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+Of her 9 known sibs, 3 are slender and 3 fleshy. One of the corpulent
+brothers has 2 children, 1 corpulent and 1 medium. Their father, who was
+a farmer, always well, died at 55 years from “congestion of spine, result of
+accident.” At 50 years he was of medium build. Their mother, who had
+8 children, was always well, till at 71 years she died from “adhesion of
+bowels—caused by rupture.” Formula, 90/64 inches; build 1.5 (22). A
+prevailing slender family, with some tendency to heavy build. Four
+children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, married, who in youth was liable to goiter, is at 38 years of
+medium build.</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, married, always well, is at 36 years slender.</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a clerk, always well, has at 31 years the formula 150/69 inches;
+build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a clerk, always well, has at 25 years the formula 135/71 inches;
+build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Two of the children are slender, like both parents; 2 are
+medium (R: Hay-12).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hen-12 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch and Irish extraction. The grandparents on both sides
+of the house were southerners. The family is now located in Florida, in
+which State 4 children were born.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, interested in farming, had at 40 years the formula 140/70
+inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was killed in the Civil War, was of
+medium build. The father’s mother died at 30 years from child-birth; she
+was also, at 25 years, of medium build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered with laryngitis in middle age and died of it at 29
+years. Her formula then was 112/63 inches; build 1.9 (28). Her father,
+a physician, and later a fruit grower, died at 75 from general debility. At
+50 he was of medium build. Her mother died at 85 from old age, having at
+50 a medium build. Four children are:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span></p>
+
+<p>1. Female, at 25, has the formula 96/66± inches; build 1.5 (22).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 26, has the formula 146/69 inches; build 2.1 (31); adjusted
+to 33 years, 151/69 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 25, has the formula 115/67± inches; build 1.8 (26±).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, at 22, has the formula 135/70± inches; build 1.9 (28±).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are all slender, except perhaps one of slender-medium
+build (R: Hen-12).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Law-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living mostly in Vermont and Minnesota.
+The Father, who was a clerk, died at 25 years from “typhoid pneumonia,”
+having the formula 150/74 inches; build 1.9 (27). One of his brothers is
+tall, one very tall. Their father, a farmer, died at 74 years. At 50 years
+he was of medium build. Their mother, who had 5 children, suffered in
+middle age from asthma; grew fleshy at 50; died at 65 years. Thus the
+Father is a slender parent of medium to fleshy ancestry, who died young
+from lung trouble.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in youth from tonsillitis, erysipelas, and diphtheria;
+in middle age from pneumonia and pleurisy. She is living at 45 years. At
+22 years her formula 122/68 inches; build 1.8 (26). Two of her sibs were
+tall. Their father, a farmer, suffered in youth from fever and ague. He
+died at 69 years from paralysis. At 48 years his formula 165/68 inches;
+build 2.5 (36). Their mother, who had 5 children, suffered in middle age
+from neuralgia. She died at 67 years from heart disease. At 45 years her
+formula 120/M; build 2.1 (30). A slender parent who has had troubles of
+the respiratory tract. Two grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a salesman, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and diphtheria,
+has at 26 years the formula 155/74 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, married, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and diphtheria,
+has at 25 years the formula 110/67 inches; build 1.7 (25).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—One child is slender; the other very slender (R: Law-4).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Law-7 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in New Jersey. The Father, a
+clerk, and always well, has at 43 years the formula 129/65.5 inches; build
+2.1 (30). His father, who was a manufacturer, suffered in youth from
+typhoid fever, and in middle age from pneumonia. He died of the latter
+at 31 years; was of medium build. His mother, who had 4 children, was
+always well. She is living at 65 years and is of medium build. This side
+of the house brings in medium-slender elements.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has always been well. She is living at 42 years, having the
+formula 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28). Her father, who was a grain dealer,
+died at 63 years from apoplexy; he was of medium build. Her mother, who
+had 3 children, suffered in youth from pneumonia. She is living at 68 years
+and is tall and slender. This side of the house is prevailingly slender.
+Three children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a teacher, always well, has at 18 years the formula 128/63.5
+inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>2 and 3. Two girls at 11 and 8 years who are below average build.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The one grown child is of medium build, somewhat stouter
+than her Father; the other two children are rather slender for their ages
+(R: Law-7).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Leo Family.</span> (<a href="#figure23">Fig. 23.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 1, J. L. very slender, died of pneumonia. His wife, I 2, at 87 years is
+slender and measures 141 cm. in stocking feet; she has two brothers who
+are slender. There are 5 children:</p>
+
+<p>II 4, ♂, was 183 cm. tall and very slender; he died at 63 years of catarrh
+of stomach.</p>
+
+<p>II 5, ♂, was short and slender; he died at 52 years of Bright’s disease.</p>
+
+<p>II 6, ♀, single, is 165 cm. tall and weighs 51.7 kg. (65 inches and 114
+pounds); index 1.9 (27), obviously slender.</p>
+
+<p>II 3, ♀, slender.</p>
+
+<p>II 7, ♂, always slender.</p>
+
+<p>So far we have only slender persons to deal with. Now enters a change.
+II 3 married a fleshy man who has a fleshy sister; all 3 children are fleshy.
+Also II 7 married a woman whose index is 86.2 kg./114 cm., or 6.6 (190/60
+inches, or 53). She has always been fleshy (except during an attack of
+anemia). She had both slender and fleshy sibs. Their only child (III 4)
+is a girl of 9 years. Her relative chest-girth is 57 per cent instead of the
+49 per cent expected at that age; that is, she is fleshy. Thus the two marriages
+of this slender stock into fleshy lines result altogether in 4 children,
+all fleshy; indicating dominance of fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>II 16, ♂, at 50 years is tall and slender. He has 1 slender and 4 fleshy
+and very fleshy sibs. His father, I 5, was slender; his mother was short and
+weighed 86 kg. (190 pounds). He married II 17, a slender woman; the
+2 living children are tall and slender. Thus II 16 apparently did not carry
+the gene for fleshiness from his mother (73: 676).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure23" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure23.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 23.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Leo</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Lou-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Irish and English extraction, living mostly in New York
+State. The Father, who is a doctor, suffered in middle age from “nervous
+breakdown, indigestion, and stomach trouble”; is living at 60 years, and has
+the formula 155/73 inches; build 2.0 (29). His three brothers, who are
+living, are tall. Their father, who survives, is a farmer and suffered in
+middle age from “nervousness.” Their mother died from consumption
+“caused from taking care of son who died from same.”</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who is living at 50 years, has the formula 115/65 inches;
+build 1.9 (27). Two children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a student (married), has at 25 years the formula 110/66.5
+inches; build 1.8 (25).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a student, has at 22 years the formula 120/68 inches; build
+1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both children are now slender, but may approach a medium
+weight as they grow older (R: Lou-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">McA-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A Scotch-English family living chiefly in Ohio. The Father, a farmer,
+had an attack of diphtheria in middle life, is energetic, and, at 62 years,
+has the formula 135/70 inches; build 1.9 (28). His sister died of tuberculosis.
+Their father, somewhat easy-going, was a farmer, had typhoid fever
+and died of cancer at 68 years. His formula, 135/72 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+Their mother, of mediocre activity and mentality, died at 36 years, having
+borne 4 children. Two of her sisters died of pneumonia. She was of
+medium build. This side of the house tends to slenderness.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who once had typhoid fever and is physically active, has, at
+60 years, the formula 120/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). Her father, who had
+typhoid fever in the army and was very active, had the formula 180/74
+inches; build 2.3 (33). The Mother’s mother, who was also very active,
+was of medium build. This side of the house brings in a slender-medium
+tendency. Three children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a teacher, who has had typhoid fever and her tonsils and
+appendix removed, is energetic, and has a formula at 30 years of 109/64
+inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a student and farmer, who has had diphtheria and typhoid fever,
+energetic, at 28 years has the formula 135/69 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, student and farmer, who has always been well, energetic, weighed
+9 pounds at birth, formula at 23 years, 138/69 inches; build 2.1 (29).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The unadjusted build of the children averages the same as
+the parents and differs little from them; it is hardly probable that they will
+reach the adjusted weight.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">McC-11 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch and English extraction, living in the Middle West and
+northwestern United States. The Father, who is a proof-reader, suffered
+in youth from fever and ague. He is living at 74 years, having at 48 years
+the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30). His father, who was a farmer,
+died at 87 years from dysentery. At 40 years, his formula 160/T; build
+say 2.3 (33). Their mother, who had 4 children, died at 29 years “probably
+from effects of child-birth.” At 26 years she was of medium build.
+This side of the house probably contributes a tendency to slender or slender-medium
+build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in youth from tonsillitis and asthma; in middle
+age from nervous prostration and abscess. She is living at 60 years, having
+had at 36 years the formula 130/65.5 inches; build 2.1 (30). Her father,
+who was a farmer and carpenter, suffered in middle age from internal abscess
+and rheumatism. He died at 72 years from apoplexy. At 40 years he was
+of medium build. Her mother, who had 4 children, died in child-birth, at
+27 years; she was of medium build. This side of the house, likewise, contributes
+a tendency to slender or medium build. Two children:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span></p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis and nervousness,
+has at 28 years the formula 125/65.3 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from asthma, enlargement of
+liver, and attacks similar to epilepsy, has at 25 years the formula 180/74.3
+inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both children are of medium or slender-medium build
+(R: McC-11).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Mor Family.</span> (<a href="#figure24">Fig. 24.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>IV 3, ♂, at 46 years is short and very slender. He married a tall, slender
+woman; their son, at 22 years, is tall and slender.</p>
+
+<p>IV 19, ♀ is tall, like her Father’s father, and very slender. She has 1
+slender and 3 or 4 fleshy sibs and both of her parents were fleshy. Her
+husband is 182 cm. (72 in.) tall and very slender. They have 3 children,
+all tall and slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother apparently carries no “fleshy” gametes (73: 690).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure24" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure24.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 24.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Mor</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Pal Family.</span> (<a href="#figure25">Fig. 25.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>III 2, J. T. C., ♂, at 64 years is of medium height and slender. One of his
+sisters is slender and one (III 7) at 56 years is 157 cm. tall (without shoes),
+weighs 74 kg. net, and has a chest-girth of 105 cm. net. This gives a relative
+chest-girth of 67 per cent. This sister is thus very fleshy. Their
+father (II 3) was of medium build, his wife rather fleshy. J. T. C.’s wife,
+III 3, is of medium height and very slender, though her two parents were of
+medium build.</p>
+
+<p>The two surviving children are:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span></p>
+
+<p>IV 1, ♀, at 43 years weighs 165 pounds and is 62 inches tall. She has
+thus an index of build of 3.0 (43) and is fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>IV 2, 34 years old is very slender; she is, however, an invalid and bedridden.
+Here we have a well-authenticated record of two slender parents
+with a fleshy daughter; obviously both of the slender parents must have
+carried gametes with one or more genes for fleshiness; and a combination
+of such genes induced fleshy build in the child.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A rather remarkable family in that a slender × very slender
+mating has produced a fleshy child, as well as a very slender one. But the
+slender Father doubtless carries 2 or possibly (and exceptionally) 3 zygotic
+factors for build (on the 6-zygotic factor hypothesis); for his mother was
+fleshy and a sister very fleshy. On this hypothesis the very slender Mother
+may contribute one such factor (73: 709).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp79" id="figure25" style="max-width: 26.5625em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure25.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 25.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Pal</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ran-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in New York State and Massachusetts.
+The Father, who is an editor, has at 58 years the formula 150/72
+inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has at 56 years the formula 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+Her brother died at 55 years from tuberculosis; height 72 inches. Her
+father, a minister, suffered in middle age from bronchial consumption and
+died of it at 60 years. Her mother, who in youth suffered from dropsy
+and consumption, in middle age from rheumatism, died at 96 years from
+heart trouble. This side of the house is slender-medium; probably because
+of tuberculosis. Three children:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span></p>
+
+<p>1. Male, secretary of an insurance company, who in youth suffered from
+hay fever, catarrh, and typhoid fever, has at 30 years the formula 140/72
+inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, has at 25 years the formula 130/69 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a clerical worker, has at 24 years the formula 120/70 inches;
+build 1.7 (25).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All 3 children are of slender build (one very slender) in the
+unadjusted ratio. It seems a little doubtful whether, with the inheritance
+they have, they will ever reach the medium build (R: Ran-4).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Sch-8 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of mixed German and American origin, living in Connecticut.
+The Father, a master mechanic, always well, has at 51 years the formula
+132/66 inches; build 2.1 (30). His father, a farmer, always well, died at
+67 years from heart failure; formula 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35). His
+mother, who had 3 children and who was always well, died at 67 years of
+heart failure. Formula, 115/63 inches; build 2.0 (29). This side of the
+house is slender-medium.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 3 children, has at 47 years the formula 120/64
+inches; build 2.1 (29). Her two sisters are tall. Her father, a foreman and
+always well, has at 73 years the formula 184/69 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her
+mother was of average stature. This side of the house might be expected to
+help determine slenderness in the children. Three children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a stenographer, well, has at 21 years the formula 130/66 inches;
+build 2.1 (30) (adjusted to 49 years, 144/66 inches; build 2.3 (33)).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a student, always well, has at 19 years the formula 138/66
+inches; build 2.3 (32) [adjusted to 49 years, 157/68 inches; build 2.4 (34)].</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 13 years, is very slender, even for her age.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are slightly below (one is close to) average
+build (R: Sch-8).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Sco-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living mostly in middle western United
+States. The Father, a broker, who in middle age suffered from cirrhosis of
+the liver, has, at 57 years, the formula 140/70 inches; build 2.0 (29). His
+father, a lumberman, died at 60 years from paralysis, having the formula
+170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). His mother died at 75 years from arterio-sclerosis;
+formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7 (24).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has at 49 years the formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+Her father, a wholesale merchant, died at 63 years from sarcoma. His
+formula 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36). Her mother, who has 2 children,
+has at 74 years the formula 90/61 inches; build 2.1 (24). Three children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a surveyor, has at 25 years the formula 150/68 inches; build
+2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a clerk, has at 23 years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a student, has at 20 years the formula 125/65 inches; build
+2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The unadjusted build of the children is only a point or two
+greater than that of the parents (R: Sco-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Shi-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and German extraction. The Father’s parents were
+born in England. The Mother’s parents were born in Germany. The
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span>parents and their one child were born in New York City, where the family
+is now settled.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, inclined to indigestion in middle age, has, at 47, the formula
+143/70 inches; build 2.1 (29). His father, a dry-goods man, has bronchial
+trouble in middle age. At 73 his formula is 145/70.5 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+The Father’s mother, having borne 2 sons and 4 daughters, died of kidney
+trouble and pneumonia at 52 years of age. Her formula, at 51, was 150/65
+inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who suffered from bronchitis in youth, at 46 has the formula
+120/67 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her father died around the age of 35 from
+wounds received in the Civil War. He was of medium build. Her mother
+at 71 years of age has the formula 85/56 inches; build 1.9 (27). One grown
+child:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, at 19, has the formula 145/67 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The child is somewhat of heavier build than either parent
+and may approach the build of her Father’s mother (R: Shi-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Smi Family.</span> (<a href="#figure26">Fig. 26.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 9, M. E. S., ♀, at 74 years is 162.5 cm. (64 inches) tall without shoes
+and weighs 48 kg. (106 pounds) net. Her index of build is 1.9 (27); she
+is slender. All of her 6 sibs are fleshy or very fleshy and so are their two
+parents (I 1, 2). Her husband was tall and slender. They had 4 children:
+(1) a boy, who died at 19 of “kidney trouble”; he was slender. (2) and (3)
+died young; (4) female, at 33 is 172 cm. (68 inches) tall and weighs 59 kg.
+(129 pounds) net; index 2.0 (28); she is slender. Thus the mating of two
+slender persons (one arising in the midst of fleshy stock) has resulted in 2
+slender children (73: 736).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure26" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure26.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 26.</span>—Pedigree chart of part of <span class="smcap">Smi</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Wil-23 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in New York State and Connecticut.
+The Father, who is a teacher, is living at 61 years. At 45 years he had
+the formula 155/72 inches; build 2.1 (30). One of his sisters died from
+“quick consumption.” His father, who was a farmer, always well, died at
+61 years from pneumonia. At 45 years he was of medium build. His
+mother, who had 10 children, was always well. She is living at 81 years.
+At 45 years she was of medium build. This side of the house might be
+expected to determine medium build in children.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in youth from pneumonia, in middle age from typhoid
+fever and hernia. She is living at 63 years. At 45 years her formula was
+125/66 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her brother died at 55 years from tuberculosis
+of larynx. Her father, who was a farmer, always well, died at 83
+years from “cancer of the face.” At 50 years he was of medium build. Her
+mother, who had 5 children, was always well. She died at 67 years from
+typhoid pneumonia; was slender. Five children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a buyer, always well, has at 30 years the formula 145/73 inches;
+build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, an electrical engineer, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever,
+has at 29 years the formula 185/75 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a physician and surgeon, who in youth suffered from typhoid
+and in middle age from acute nephritis, has at 27 years the formula 145/72
+inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, a teacher, always well, has at 25 years the formula 138/69
+inches; build 2.1 (29).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever, has at 22 years the
+formula 150/74 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The unadjusted builds of 4 of the children is a little less than
+the parental builds of 30 and 29. The adjusted builds are a point or two
+higher. In the case of child No. 2 we have an exceptionally large index
+of build for this fraternity of 2.3 (33). It is possible that the tubercular
+tendency on both sides may have pulled down the hereditary potentiality of
+one or both parents (R: Wil-23).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">You-9 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Pennsylvania Dutch blood; all born in and about Pennsylvania.
+The Father, an educationalist, has had in middle age a nervous
+breakdown and bronchial trouble. At 44 he has the formula 118/64 inches;
+build 2.1 (29). His father, a miller, died of old age at 76. At 68 he had the
+formula 130/60 inches; build 2.5 (36). The Father’s mother having had
+7 sons and 4 daughters, died of old age at 82. When 75 she had the formula
+120/59 inches; build 2.4 (34). It is possible that the bronchial trouble may
+have reduced the Father’s build somewhat below its normal potentialities.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, inclined to nervous disorders, at 43 had the formula 98/59.5;
+build 2.0 (28). Her father, a railroad man, had malarial fever in middle
+age. At 70 he has the formula 160/66 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother
+in youth had bronchial trouble and St. Vitus dance and in middle age,
+asthma, pneumonia, rheumatism, nervous prostration, etc. She died at 64,
+from a complication of diseases. At the time of her death she had the
+formula 80/59 inches; build 1.6 (23). The two children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, has had bronchitis and encephalitis, at 19 has the formula
+94/59.5 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, at 15 years is slender for her age.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Slender children from two slender parents (R: You-9).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">A: 01-19 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of probable English extraction. The Father, a lawyer, is
+troubled with catarrh, but otherwise his general health is pretty good. At
+20 years of age he had the formula 129.5/70 inches; build 2.0 (26).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has good general health, although troubled with palpitation
+of the heart and headache. At 20 years she had the formula 106/61 inches;
+build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span></p>
+
+<p>The one daughter for whom data are given has had numerous children’s
+diseases. Her general health is now good. At 18 years of age she has the
+formula 114/64 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Parents and child are all slender (A: 011d-19).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">A: 01-44 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction. The Father, a dentist, has good general
+health, but habitual constipation. At 20 years of age he had the formula
+140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has occasional headaches. At the age of 18 her formula was
+104/62 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>The son has general good health, but is inclined to kidney trouble, skin
+diseases, and headache, presumably from his eyes. At 18 he has the
+formula 124/66; build 2.0 (29) A: (011d-19).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">A: 01-60 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction with some Irish and Scotch blood in
+addition.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, a minister, has had pneumonia and dyspepsia, but his general
+health is good. At 22 years he had the formula 132.5/68 inches; build
+2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has had piles and slight attacks of rheumatism. Her general
+health is very good. At 19 years she had the formula 110/64 inches;
+build 1.9 (27). The one child for whom data are available is:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, inclined to rheumatism and kidney trouble, like her Mother.
+She has had practically all children’s diseases, and at 19 her formula is
+108/65 inches; build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both parents and their child are slender (A: 011d-60).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">A: 01-63 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction. The Father, a teacher, is in good health.
+At 45 his formula is 134/69 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother’s health is generally good. She is inclined to some skin
+trouble and is troubled with headache and habitual constipation. At 34
+years she had the formula 97/59 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>The one child is a son in general good health, although he has rheumatism
+and constipation. He is also subject to frequent colds and grippe.
+At 19 years of age he has the formula 111/68 inches; build 1.7 (24).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both parents and the child are of slender build (A: 011d-63).</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_I_SUMMARY"><span class="smcap">Summary of S × S Matings.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The gametic constitution of slender parents is certainly very
+diverse. Assuming that both slender parents produce only gametes
+of the type Abc, their offspring would be exclusively of the type
+AAbbcc, which we may take as a zygotic formula for slender progeny.
+Assume that in another case both slender parents have the zygotic
+formula AaBbcc; then they would each produce gametes ABc, Abc,
+aBc, and abc. Uniting at random, these gametes would produce
+zygotes as follows:</p>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Number of dominant factors</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Proportions</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.25</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span></p>
+
+<p>Thus a very variable progeny would be produced: very slender,
+slender, medium, and fleshy. Now it seems probable that the totals
+of <a href="#table23">table 23</a> are a combination of these two kinds of matings and
+another which would yield very slender, slender, and medium offspring
+in the proportions of 25, 50, and 25, respectively.</p>
+
+<p>Considering only the families of <a href="#table23">table 23</a> who have 3 or more
+children, we get a total distribution for these children of:</p>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>VS</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>If we subtract from the S total the 16 children who belong exclusively
+to slender fraternities, the children who remain have the distribution
+5: 18: 4, which is fairly close to the 1: 2: 1 ratio of
+6.75: 13.5: 6.75 which is to be expected from a mating of parents of
+the zygotic constitution AAbbcc and AaBbcc respectively.</p>
+
+<p>We conclude, therefore, that the S × S matings are gametically
+of two kinds, one slightly, the other more greatly variable. The distribution
+found is determined by a combination of these two kinds.</p>
+
+<p>Also, the statistical results of the distribution of the progeny of
+S × S matings are in harmony with the hypothesis that slender
+parents in extreme cases carry not more than two zygotic factors for
+fleshy build. The slender parent is, accordingly, to be regarded as
+one who carries gametes with prevailingly recessive factors.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_II"><span class="smcap">Class II. Both Parents Fleshy.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Next we turn to the matter of inheritance of fleshiness in fleshy
+stock. That fleshiness may be a true hereditary character is indicated
+by the existence of fleshy races of men. Examples are the South-Russian
+Jews, especially of the female sex; and certain of the
+Chinese, who have strikingly short legs. The matter is discussed in
+more detail at <a href="#Page_7">page 7</a>. The fact that the body reacts to food and
+climate must not blind us to the constitutional factors that are probably
+present in racial obesity. At any rate, it becomes of interest to
+inquire as to inheritance of fleshiness in families characterized by the
+trait. For this purpose we shall consider various matings between
+more or less fleshy parents.</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_II_1">Mating 1. <span class="smcap">One Parent is Very Fleshy, the Other Fleshy (or Very Fleshy) of
+Fleshy Stock.</span> (<a href="#table24">Table 24.</a>)</h5>
+
+<p>From this mating of “pure” or nearly “pure” fleshy parents are
+derived (<a href="#table24">table 24</a>) 50 offspring: 2 S, 11 M, 23 F, 14 VF, or, in percentages,
+4 S, 22 M, 46 F, 28 VF. This distribution of the total does
+not agree with the 4-zygotic-factor hypothesis (<a href="#Page_41">p. 41</a>), which gives
+a filial distribution of 50 F, 50 VF. It agrees better with the 6-factor
+hypothesis (<a href="#Page_43">p. 43</a>), assuming the proper dividing-line between
+fleshy and very fleshy to lie somewhere in column 5, and the mating
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span>to be of the 5-factor × 4-factor type. On this assumption we have a
+percentage of 17 M and F+83 VF. This approaches the proportions
+found. Accordingly, the 6-factor hypothesis is preferable.</p>
+
+<p>The progeny are more variable than those derived from two slender
+parents as 5.74 ± 0.39 is to 3.13 ± 0.17.</p>
+
+<p>Details concerning the families included in <a href="#table24">table 24</a> are given below.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table24"><span class="smcap">Table 24.</span>—<i>Matings of a very fleshy parent and a fleshy
+parent of fleshy stock, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">F</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">M</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td><a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>&#x2060;Can</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td>2VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ekb 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td>51, 52, 45</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>All tall</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Faz 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td>4F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td>1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Flo 3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gou A</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td>2F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lyn</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td>1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">McL A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>VF,2; F5; F*M1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td>VF1; F5; M3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nic 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Whe</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td>1VF, 2F, 1S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td colspan="7">A, 40.33 ±.55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">Total 50</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">14</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td colspan="7">S. D. 5.74 ± .39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">Percentage 100</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> Also 4 younger children, 10 to one-half years, all fleshy
+for their ages.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Can Family.</span> (<a href="#figure27">Fig. 27.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family of Italian extraction, living in a poorly furnished, very much
+overcrowded, home in a poor Italian neighborhood in a factory city.</p>
+
+<p>I 1, ♂, was tall and very fleshy; died of “heart disease.”</p>
+
+<p>I 2, ♀, was tall and very fleshy and had a brother of similar build. This
+very fleshy pair had 3 children, as follows:</p>
+
+<p>II 1 and II 4 both very fleshy. II 5 at 46 years 171 cm. (67 inches) tall
+(without shoes) and weighing 96 kg. (212 pounds) net; build 3.3 (47), very
+fleshy. His chest-girth, 106 cm. net; relative chest-girth 62 per cent. The
+result suggests that the parents were homozygous for fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>II 5 married II 6, who at 45 years is 152 cm. (60 inches) tall (in bare feet)
+and weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds), build 3.9 (56). Her net chest-girth
+is 110 cm., relative chest-girth is 72. This very fleshy pair has 9 surviving
+children, as follows: the eldest, III 3, a boy at 23 years is said to be slender
+(not seen), married, without children. The second, III 5, ♂, at 22 years
+is fleshy, as he has always been; married, without children. III 7, ♂, at
+19 years is slender but was <i>fleshy</i> until the age of 18 years. III 8, ♂, at 17
+years is short and fleshy. III 9, ♂, at 12 years is short and fleshy. III 10,
+♀, at 10 years is 136 cm. (53.5 inches) tall, and weighs about 45 kg. (100
+pounds); build 2.5 (35). Her chest-girth is 85 cm. net, relative chest-girth
+63. This indicates a girl of far above average relative chest-girth, fleshy.
+III 12 is a girl of 9 years with a relative chest-girth of 80 ÷ 135 or 59,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span>fleshy. III 13 is a boy of 5 years; his relative chest-girth is 68/112 or 61,
+fleshy. III 14 is a 6-months-old baby weighing 6.4 kg. or 14.1 pounds and
+very chubby.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus with the exception of the first (of whom no details
+were obtained), all of the children are, or have been, fleshy; the fraternity
+suggests that both parents are homozygous for fleshiness. The meaning of
+the exceptional son is uncertain; various hypotheses may be entertained:
+illegitimacy, poor health following a fleshy childhood, the possible presence
+of a factor for slenderness in both parental gametes (73:652).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure27" style="max-width: 37.5em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure27.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 27.</span>—Pedigree chart of <span class="smcap">Can</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ekb-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Swedish extraction; parents emigrated to Illinois, where all
+the children were born. The Father, a farmer, suffered in middle age from
+dropsy and severe headaches. He is living at 56 years, having the formula
+225/67 inches; build 3.5 (50). He has 6 sibs: (1) brother, dead, formula
+250/70 inches; build 3.6 (51); (2) brother, 225/66 inches; build 3.6 (52);
+(3) sister, 180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45). Others are not described. Their
+father, a farmer, died at 79 years from “gangrene subsequent to senile paralysis,”
+having a formula 170/M inches; build, say 2.6 (36). Their mother
+died at 79 years from senile paralysis, having the formula 200/M inches;
+build, say 3.5 (50).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth and middle age suffered from eczema, has at
+51 years the formula 160/65 inches; build 2.7 (38). Two of her brothers
+and one sister are tall and nervous. Of the 6 children, 4 survive as adults:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a university instructor, nervous, has at 30 years the formula
+190/70 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, 202/70 inches, build
+2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a university instructor, who in youth suffered from poliomyelitis,
+has at 28 the formula 200/68 inches; build 3.0 (43); adjusted to 55
+years, 212/68 inches, build 3.2 (46).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, who suffered in youth from headaches, has at 25 years the
+formula 180/64 inches; build 3.1 (44); adjusted to 55 years, 196/64 inches,
+build 3.3 (48).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from headaches, has at 22 years
+the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, 197/68
+inches, build 3.0 (43).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The Father is perhaps duplex for heavy build; all of the
+children have a build that is above the average, and 2 of the 4 are very
+fleshy. Thus, obesity runs through three generations without skipping any
+(R: Ekb-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Faz Family.</span> (<a href="#figure28">Fig. 28.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family of Italian extraction, of the artisan class, living in comfortable
+homes.</p>
+
+<p>II 5, a man who was 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighed over 90 kg.
+(200 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy now as “always.” The 4 others of
+his fraternity and their father were all fleshy; data are lacking about the
+mother’s build.</p>
+
+<p>II 6, the consort of above, died at 66 of cerebral hemorrhage; was of
+medium stature, say 160 cm. (63 inches) and weighed 100 kg. (225 pounds);
+build 4.0 (57). This obese woman has a sister, who is 150 cm. (59 inches)
+tall and weighs 90 kg. (200 pounds), build 4.0 (57), same as her sister.
+Her relative chest-girth is 111 cm./150, or 74 per cent, a huge girth.
+Two other living members of her fraternity are in Italy and their build is
+unknown. The father of this fraternity (I 6) is fleshy, has 3 fleshy sibs and
+1 of medium build. The mother is also fleshy. This looks like a “pure”
+fleshy strain.</p>
+
+<p>There are 3 children: (1) ♀, 32 years, married, is 166 cm. (65 inches)
+tall and weighs 97 kg. (214 pounds); build 3.6 (51); very fleshy. Her
+relative net chest-girth is 105 cm./166 or 63. (2) She has a sister, II 14,
+38 years, married, who is 156 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighs 78.5 kg. (173
+pounds) net; build 3.3 (47), very fleshy. Her net relative chest-girth is
+105 cm./156, or 67. She has always been fleshy. (3) A man of 22 was
+very fleshy up to the age of 17 years, but he is said now to be tall and thin,
+though well. He is not married.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This result is difficult to interpret. A mating of two “pure”
+strains of obesity produces 3 offspring, all of whom were fleshy before
+adolescence and of whom 2 remain very fleshy; but 1 (at 22 years) is
+said to have become “thin” since the age of 17 years. It seems probable
+that he also should be recorded as essentially fleshy (73: 665).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure28" style="max-width: 37.5em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure28.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 28.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Faz</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Flo-3 Family.</span> (<a href="#figure29">Fig. 29.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>This is a family of which all grandparents and Father were born in north
+Ireland; the children were born and reared in Greater New York. The
+Father, a blacksmith and farmer, suffers from digestion troubles; at 63 his
+formula 185/65 inches; build 3.1 (44). His father, a blacksmith, died at
+40 of acute indigestion; his formula 204/70 inches; build 2.9 (42). His
+mother, who died of pleurisy at 50 years, had the formula 200/69 inches;
+build 2.9 (42). Thus this side of the house is of stout build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has at 60 years the formula 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49).
+She is fat, good-natured, and a poor housekeeper. Her father, who was a
+carpenter and killed by an accident at
+47 years, had the formula 180/70 inches;
+build 2.6 (37). Her mother, who died
+of old age at 75 years, had the formula
+140/63 inches; build 2.5 (35). No
+“direct” heredity appears in the Mother’s
+obesity. The 7 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a bookkeeper, who has spinal
+curvature, has at 38 years the formula
+140/60 inches; build 2.7 (39); but this
+is clearly abnormally high, associated
+with his pathologically short stature.</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a musician, has at 36 years
+the formula 160/68 inches; build 2.4
+(35); adjusted to 50 years, 173/68
+inches; build 2.7 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a detective, fond of outdoor life, has at 32 years the formula
+190/69 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 50 years, 200/69 inches; build
+3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, an army officer, at 29 years 186/71 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+adjusted to 50 years, 199/71; build 2.8 (39).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, a policeman, with a history of pneumonia, at 27 years. 200/72
+inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 50 years, 215/72 inches; build 2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, a teacher, subject to indigestion, at 21 years, 131/65 inches;
+build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years, 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>7. Male, in the automobile business, with a history of pneumonia, has at
+20 years the formula 168/68 inches; build 2.6 (36); adjusted to 50 years,
+187/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The build of the children is rather uniformly between 2.5 (36)
+and 2.9 (42), mostly in the stout class, like the Father, but far below the
+obese Mother (R: Flo-3).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp81" id="figure29" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure29.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 29.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Flo-3</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Gou-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in Maine. The Father, at 36, had
+the formula 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (37).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 60, had the formula 250/68 inches; build 3.8 (54). Her
+eldest brother weighed 200 pounds at 60 years. Her youngest brother
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span>weighed 220 pounds at 50 years. Her father had the formula 190/72 inches;
+build 2.6 (37), at 70 years. Her mother had, at 70 years, the formula
+225/66 inches; build 3.6 (50). Four grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, at 48, has the formula 210/66 inches; build 3.4 (48).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 46, 160/68 inches; build 2.6 (35).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 44, 180/67 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, at 40, 140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Obesity appears in three generations in the direct line without
+a break; 2 of the 4 children are of medium build, less than either parent
+(S: Gou-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Lyn Family.</span> (<a href="#figure30">Fig. 30.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 1, ♂, from Ireland, died at 54 of brain fever; was 173 cm. (68 inches)
+tall and weighed 78 kg. (175 pounds); build 2.7 (38); fleshy. His sister
+weighs 90 kg. He married I 2, an
+Irish woman, who died at 68 years.
+She was 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and
+weighed 84 kg. (185 pounds); build
+3.5 (50); very fleshy. She had a
+sister who was fleshy. The pair had
+7 children who grew up:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Male, fleshy; (2) ♂, of medium
+build; (3) ♂, died at 50 years,
+of pneumonia, his stature 169 cm.
+(66.5 inches); weight 63.5 kg. (140
+pounds); build 2.2 (31); medium;
+(4) ♂, died at 70 years, stature 173
+cm. (68 inches); weight 72.5 kg.
+(160 pounds); build 2.4 (35); medium.
+(5) ♂, died, at 37 years, of
+pneumonia; stature 173 cm. (68 inches); weight 82 kg. (180 pounds); build
+2.7 (39); fleshy. Married to a fleshy woman, he has a child who is 165 cm.
+(65 inches) tall, weighs 72.5 kg. (160 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy.
+(6) ♀, at 56 years, stature 160 cm. (63 inches), weight 63 kg. (139 pounds);
+build 2.4 (34); medium. Her net relative chest-girth is 95/160 or 36 per
+cent. Though now of medium build (or less), she used to be very fleshy,
+weighing over 80 kg. (175 pounds); build 3.1 (44). She may properly be
+classified as of stout build, secondarily reduced. (7) ♂, aged 54 years, is
+178 cm. (70 inches) tall; and weighs 103 kg. (227 pounds); build 3.2 (46);
+very fleshy. His net relative chest-girth is 117 cm. / 178, or 66 per cent.
+This man has always been fleshy; at 21 years he weighed 90 kg. (200
+pounds).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This seems to be nearly a “pure” F × F mating. Of the
+progeny 4 are fleshy (or very fleshy) and 3 medium (73-684).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp90" id="figure30" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure30.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 30.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Lyn</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">McL-A Family.</span> (<a href="#figure31">Fig. 31.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch extraction from Maine. The Father (II 9), at 77
+years, had the formula 200/73 inches; build 2.6 (38). Of his 8 sibs:
+(1) Brother, at 70 years, had the formula 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36).
+(2) Brother, at 75 years, 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37). (3) Brother, at 65
+years, 210/73 inches; build 2.8 (39). (4) Brother, at 78 years, 200/74
+inches; build 2.6 (37). (5) Brother, at 71 years, 215/75 inches; build 2.7
+(38). (6) Sister, at 75 years, 170/65 inches; build 2.8 (40). (7) Sister, at
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span>65 years, 200/67 inches; build 3.1 (45). (8) Sister, at 68 years, 190/66
+inches; build 3.1 (44). Their father, at 85 years, 200/72 inches; build
+2.7 (39). Their mother, at 80 years, 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother (II 10), at 74 years, had the formula 190/66 inches; build
+3.1 (44). Of her 9 sibs: (1) Brother, at 80 years, 170/70 inches; build 2.4
+(35). (2) Brother, at 60 years, 200/77 inches; build 2.4 (34). (3) Brother,
+at 55 years, 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35). (4) Brother, at 70 years, 200/74
+inches; build 2.6 (37). (5) Brother, at 80 years, 200/73 inches; build 2.6
+(38). (6) Sister, at 60 years, 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). (7) Sister, at
+65 years, 160/63 inches; build 2.8 (40). (8) Sister, at 70 years, 175/64
+inches; build 3.0 (43). (9) Sister, at 75 years, 180/63 inches; build 3.2
+(45). Their father, at 70 years, 175/72 inches; build 2.4 (34). Their
+mother, at 86 years, 200/67 inches; build 3.1 (45). 12 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, at 47 years, has the formula 180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 22 years, 22/72 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55+
+years, 221/72 inches; build 3.1 (43).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 58 years, 180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, at 50 years, 230/71 inches; build 3.2 (46).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, at 43 years, 160/72 inches; build 2.3 (31); adjusted to 55 years,
+163/72 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, at 70 years, 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>7. Female, at 38 years, 180/67 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 55
+years, 189/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>8. Female, at 65 years, 160/65 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>9. Female, at 61 years, 180/63 inches; build 3.2 (45).</p>
+
+<p>10. Female, at 54 years, 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>11. Female, at 52 years, 125/64 inches; build 2.1 (31).</p>
+
+<p>12. Female, at 50 years, 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Mother’s mother, Mother, and 3 children out of 12 have a
+build of 3.1 to 3.2 (44 to 46), very fleshy; 3 children have a build of 2.1
+(30 to 31), a lower index than any parent, uncle, aunt, or grandparent.
+Evidently fleshy stock may yield gametes with not more than 2 or even
+only 1 gamete for fleshy build. (See p. 43.) (S: McL-A.)</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure31" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure31.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 31.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">McL-A</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Nic-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction; paternal grandparents born in Massachusetts
+and Kentucky; family living mostly in Ohio. The Father, a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span>farmer, suffered in middle age from rheumatism and lupus. He is a distant
+cousin of his wife. He died at 67 years, having at 60 years the formula
+175/65 inches; build 2.9 (41). His father, a farmer, died at 65 years from
+kidney trouble; was corpulent. His mother, who had 8 children, died at
+70 years; was corpulent.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 2 children, suffered in youth from pneumonia. She
+is living at 70 years, having the formula 165/60.5 inches; build 3.2 (45).
+Her father, a farmer and surveyor, who died at 78 years, had a formula
+175/M, and build, say, 2.7 (38). Her mother had 7 children and died at
+78 years, having the formula 160/M; build, say, 28 (40). The 2 grown
+children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from lung fever, has at 41 years
+the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 154/64
+inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, married, has at 38 years the formula 190/61.3 inches; build
+3.6 (51); adjusted to 55 years, 198/61.3 inches; build 3.7 (53).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—There are 3 generations of corpulent persons; in the last
+generation 1 is very fleshy and 1 fleshy (R: Nic-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Whe Family.</span> (<a href="#figure32">Fig. 32.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 1, ♂, fleshy; his wife, I 2, fleshy; 3 children about whom something is
+known.</p>
+
+<p>II 1, ♂, fleshy; married a fleshy woman and had 5 children, none of whom,
+it is said, are fleshy. II 2, ♂, died at over 75 years; fleshy. II 3, ♂, died
+at 80 years; was of medium weight. Thus, in this generation, 2 fleshy
+and 1 of medium build.</p>
+
+<p>III 9, ♂, at 61 years has a stature of 160 cm. (63 inches) and weight of
+73 kg. (162 pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy. Nothing is known about the
+build of his relatives. His wife is III 10, age 64, stature 156 cm. (61
+inches); weight 88 kg. (194 pounds); build 3.7 (52); very fleshy, relative
+chest-girth 112/156, or 72 per cent. When she married at 29 years she
+weighed 160 pounds and did not begin to grow fleshy until 50 years. She
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span>had 4 sibs, about whose build something is known. (1) III 2, ♀, died at
+70 of uterine cancer; stature 156 cm. (61 inches); weight over 90 kg. (200
+pounds); build over 3.8 (54); very fleshy. (2) III 3, ♂, died at 73 years
+of “heart trouble”; stature 153 cm (64 inches); weight 77 kg. (170 pounds);
+build 2.9 (42); fleshy. He married a woman of medium build and had a son
+who, at 45 years, has a stature of 163 cm. (64 inches) and weight of 80 kg.
+(175 pounds); build 3.0 (43); fleshy. (3) III 6, ♀, always slender. (4)
+III 7, ♂, died at 60 of diabetes; he weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds), but
+became very thin of disease before his death. He had 2 fleshy children;
+1, indeed, quite obese.</p>
+
+<p>The union of these two fleshy strains represented in III 9 and 10 has
+produced 6 children, as follows: (1) IV 9, ♂, died at 33, was “fleshy” and by
+a slender wife (whose mother was fleshy) has a fleshy little daughter.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> (2)
+IV 11, ♀, at 32 years, has stature 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight 93 kg.
+(206 pounds); build 3.3 (48); very fleshy. Relative chest-girth 119/168,
+or 73 per cent. (3) IV 12, ♂, at 30 years, has stature 180 cm. (71 inches);
+weight 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 2.5 (36); medium; fleshy and growing
+fleshier. (4) IV 13, ♀, at 28 years, stature 159 cm. (62.5 inches), weight
+79 kg. (174 pounds); build 3.1 (44); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth
+107/159 or 68 per cent. She was a slender child; at her marriage at 24
+years she weighed 145 pounds and began to gain after the birth of her
+second child. Married to a man of build 35.4 or medium fleshy (who once
+weighed 200 pounds) and with 3 stout brothers and 5 slender sisters; they
+have 2 children, a son of 4 years who has a relative chest-girth of 56 per
+cent and is of medium build, and a daughter who at 2 years has a relative
+chest-girth of 64 per cent, which is above the average for that age.&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> (5)
+IV 14, ♀, at 26 years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 86 kg. (190
+pounds); build 3.5 (49); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth is 119/157,
+or 77 per cent. (6) IV 15, ♀, at 23 years, stature 165 cm. (65 inches);
+weight 88 kg. (194 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[4]</a> Not shown in <a href="#figure32">figure 32</a>.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This union of a fleshy and a very fleshy person (the latter of
+a fleshy strain) produces 4 very fleshy and 2 fleshy progeny (including 1
+medium near the fleshy line and growing fleshier). This approaches a “pure
+line” of fleshiness (73:754).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure32" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure32.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 32.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Whe</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p class="center" id="table25"><span class="smcap">Table 25.</span>—<i>Matings of two fleshy parents, both of fleshy stock,
+together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[The indices of the build of the progeny have been adjusted.]</p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>FF</th>
+    <th>FM</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>MF</th>
+    <th>MM</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dol 3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lan A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td>37, 36, 29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sle 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Thr 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>VF3, F3, M3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>A, 37.57 ± 0.82. S. D., 4.70 ± 0.52.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_II_2">Mating 2. <span class="smcap">Both Parents Fleshy of Fleshy Stock.</span> (<a href="#table25">Table 25</a>, from <a href="#tableXIII">Table XIII</a>.)</h5>
+
+<p>From this mating, as shown in <a href="#table25">table 25</a>, there are 15 offspring,
+1 S, 5 M, 8 F, 1 VF. In this case one-fifteenth of the offspring are
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span>slender, which suggests a trihybrid ratio and that there are at least
+3 pairs of factors present for fleshiness; and that, of these, 3 or 2 pairs
+are present in each parent (<a href="#table18">table 18</a>). It may be that in the Dol-3,
+Sle-2, and Thi-2 families the parental gametes carry fewer genes for
+fleshiness. Details are given in the following histories.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Dol-3 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of German extraction living in Ohio. The Father, an inventor,
+suffered in youth from typhoid, has at 59 years the formula 180/67 inches;
+build 2.8 (40). His father, an inventor and machinist, died at 73 years
+from “old age,” with the formula 165/M inches; build, say, 2.5 (36). His
+mother, always well, died at 70 years from “general debility,” with the
+formula 140/S inches; build, say, 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who underwent an operation for “fatty tumor,” is living at
+57 years, having the formula 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40). Three of her
+sisters died in infancy from convulsions. Her father, a bookkeeper, died
+at 98 years from a paralytic stroke, having the formula 160/66 inches; build
+2.6 (37). Her mother’s build was 180/66, or 3.7 (41). The 5 children
+who grew up:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 30 years the
+formula 118/64 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 131/64 inches;
+build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a machinist, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 27
+years the formula 160/73 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years,
+176/73 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from typhoid, has at 25 years
+the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 164/68
+inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a man of science, always well, has at 23 years the formula
+150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 166/68 inches; build
+2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, a teacher, always well, has at 20 years the formula 120/64
+inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 139/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both stout parents come of stout or medium stock. Of the
+children, 3 are slender, 2 are medium. Adjusted, all are of medium build
+(R: Dol-3).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Lan-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from the State of Washington. The Father at 82 years had
+the formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His 3 sibs are: (1) brother, at
+50 years, 160/74 inches; build 2.1 (29); (2) brother, at 26 years, 190/73
+inches; build 2.5 (36); (3) sister, at 70 years, 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Their father, at 90 years, had the formula 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+their mother at 95 years, 160/66 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother at 52 years had the formula 170/65 inches; build 2.9 (40).
+Her one sister at 78 years, 145/64 inches; build 2.5 (35). Her father at 54
+years, 200/68.5 inches; build 3.0 (43). Her mother at 82 years, 170/68
+inches; build 2.6 (37). The two children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 58 years, has the formula 240/68.5 inches; build 3.6 (51).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, at 48 years, 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Details concerning this family are lacking. From two stout
+parents, one of whom has a slender 2.1 (29) brother and the other a father
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[79]</span>of build 3.0 (43), arise two children with indices of 3.6 (51) and 2.1 (29)
+respectively (S: Lan-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Sle-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Irish extraction living in Michigan. The Father, a lawyer,
+is recorded to have suffered from no illnesses. He died at 52 years from
+“dipsomania,” having the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). His
+father, a shoemaker, is living, having partially lost his mind through excessive
+use of tobacco. He has at 83 years the formula 150/65 inches; build
+2.5 (36). His mother died at 50 years from “cancer of the breast,” having
+the formula 170/65 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who suffered in middle age from asthma, is living at 54
+years, having the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her father, a
+lumber dealer, suffered in middle age from typhoid fever and erysipelas,
+and died of old age at 84 years, having the formula 180/70 inches; build
+2.6 (37). Her mother, who had “swelling and lameness of hands, due
+perhaps to gout,” was killed at 78 years by a fall due to defective sight.
+Her formula was 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43). The 2 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a teacher, has at 28 years the formula 175/71 inches; build 2.4
+(35); adjusted to 53 years, 189/71 inches; build 2.7 (37).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a school teacher, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has
+at 25 years the formula 160/65 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 53 years,
+177/65 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The two fleshy parents and fleshy grandparents have 2 children
+whose adjusted build is fleshy (R: Sle-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Thr-2 Family.</span> (<a href="#figure33">Fig. 33.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>In this family the Father is the same as child No. 2 of family Thr-1
+(<a href="#Page_138">p. 138</a>). It lives in Iowa. The father (III 4), a physician, had at 25
+years a weight of 180 pounds, height 69 inches; build 2.7 (38). At 70 years
+he weighs 188 pounds, height 68.7 inches; build 2.7 (39). His 5 brothers
+were of about medium build, “called sturdy, hearty boys”; they all became
+stout.</p>
+
+<p>Their father, though of slender build (following lung disease) in middle
+life, “took on flesh” in later life; probably came to be of “fleshy” build.
+Their mother was of medium build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother (III 5) weighs around 170 pounds and is 65 inches tall;
+thus a build of 2.8 (40). Her parents (II 5-6) each had a build of 2.7 (38).
+The 6 children (IV 1-6):</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, weighed 10 pounds at birth; when in high school he weighed
+160 pounds; at the university was a football player; at 36 he weighed 240
+pounds, and at 41 he weighs about 200. His build is probably about
+3.0 (43).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, is “very large”; at 35 years she weighs about 180 pounds,
+stature 65.5 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 33 is of the same weight and stature as her sister; build
+3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, weighed at 23 years about 117 pounds; at 33 years up to 130
+pounds; at 36 weighs about 190 pounds; stature 71 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, at 26 has a weight of 175 pounds, stature 66 inches; build
+2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, weighed while in the Navy at 23 years 175 pounds, stature 70
+inches; build 2.5 (36); at 26 he weighs 165 pounds; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[80]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—In this family both parents are of fleshy build and all the
+children are, likewise, of fleshy build (R: Thr-2).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure33" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure33.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 33.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Thr-1, 2</span> families.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_II_3">Mating 3. <span class="smcap">Other Very Fleshy × Very Fleshy Matings.</span> (<a href="#tableXV">Table XV</a>).</h5>
+
+<p>There are 7 instances of this type of mating. These are summarized
+in <a href="#tableXV">table XV</a>, Appendix. An examination of this table shows
+that in all families with 2 or more offspring one or more of them are
+obese. There is no case of slender offspring, though 12 out of 30, or
+two-fifths, are of medium build and only 10, or one-third of all, are
+very fleshy. This indicates the presence of recessive factors in the
+very fleshy parents. It suggests further that there are two or more
+pairs of factors that must be present to produce very fleshy children.
+Assuming that there are two factors and that both parents are
+heterozygous for one of them, we should expect very fleshy, fleshy,
+and medium offspring in about the proportions of 25:50:25, which
+distribution is not very close to the actual proportions of 40:27:33.
+On the assumption of 3 pairs of factors, we might expect 17:32:49
+respectively from a 4 × 5 factor mating. Or the 4 × 4 factor mating
+would give on one hypothesis 31 (S + M):38:31, which is closest
+of all. All of these very fleshy parents are heterozygous.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#tableXV">Table XV</a> shows also that when all grandparents are known there
+is always one on each side who is at least of grade 36.</p>
+
+<p>The contrast between the families of <a href="#tableII">table II</a> and <a href="#tableXV">table XV</a> is this:
+In <a href="#tableII">table II</a>, of the 20 grandparents 40 per cent are slender or very
+slender. In <a href="#tableXV">table XV</a> of 20 grandparents only 30 per cent are fleshy,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[81]</span>the others are of lower grades of build. Accordingly we are apparently
+justified in concluding that some of the very fleshy parents were
+heterozygous in the factors for build; and, indeed, as stated, of the 30
+children 12 are of medium build. <a href="#tableII">Table II</a> contains slender strains;
+<a href="#tableXV">table XV</a> largely heterozygous ones. The detailed history of these
+cases follows.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bow-B Family.</span> (<a href="#figure34">Fig. 34.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A Virginia family, probably of English stock. The Father has the formula
+200/66.5 inches; build 3.2 (45). His father had the formula 187/64.5
+inches; build 3.2 (45). His mother had the formula 165/66 inches; build
+2.7 (38). Thus this side of the house has a fleshy or very fleshy build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has the formula 220/68 inches; build 3.4 (48). Her 3
+brothers, all 6 feet tall or more, each has a build of about 35. Her 2 tall
+sisters have builds of 38 and 50 respectively. Her father had the formula
+190/73 inches; build 2.5 (36). Her mother had the formula 90/62 inches;
+build 1.6 (23). Thus this side of the house, aside from the fleshy mother,
+has prevailingly medium build. The mother’s mother was even very slender.</p>
+
+<p>Six children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 56 years, 222/66.5 inches; build 3.5 (50).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, 175/69 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, 240/73 inches; build 3.2 (45).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, 200/65 inches; build 3.3 (47).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, 187/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, 170/64 inches; build 2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus of the children, half are fleshy and half very fleshy,
+and one exceeds any record of build in either side of the house. The Father
+acts like a homozygous dominant (S: <span class="smcap">Bow-B</span>).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure34" style="max-width: 21.875em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure34.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 34.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the Bow-B family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bow-2 Family.</span> (<a href="#figure34a">Fig. 34a.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>The grandparents and parents were born in Cornwall, England; the
+children, except the first, in Connecticut.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, II 6, a contractor, who suffered from hernia and flat foot,
+had, at 66, the formula 200/67 inches; build 3.2 (45). Two of his sibs died
+of consumption; other sibs are as follows: (1) sister, has the formula
+225/66 inches; build 3.7 (52); (2) brother, has formula 225/67.5 inches;
+build 3.4 (49); (3) brother, has formula 225/66 inches; build 3.7 (52);
+(4) sister, has formula 200/65 inches; build 3.3 (47): (5) sister, has formula
+190/66 inches; build 3.1 (44). Some of these suffer from varicose veins
+and one is bow-legged. Their father, who was a shoemaker, and asthmatic,
+died at 77 years of arterio-sclerotic hemorrhage of lungs. Formula 150/66
+inches; build 2.4 (34). Their mother had varicose veins on the leg and
+died at 68 years of “stoppage of the bowels.” Formula 250/66 inches; build
+4.0 (57). This is an extraordinary family of very fleshy people (except the
+father’s father, who had lung trouble), the obesity coming from the Timmins
+side, of Penryn, Cornwall.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[82]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother, II 7, who was much subject to sore throat, indigestion, and
+piles, died of dropsy and cancer of the liver, at 57 years. Formula 180/61.5
+inches; build 3.4 (48). One of her sisters died of consumption; other sibs
+were as follows: (1) ♂, died of pneumonia; formula, 150/68 inches; build
+2.3 (32); (2) ♂, died at 47 years; formula, 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36);
+(3) ♀, has the formula 136/60 inches; build 2.7 (38). The mother’s father
+was a miner; had asthma and miner’s disease, and died at 59 years of
+paralytic shock. Formula, 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41). Her mother died
+at 69 years of pneumonia. Formula, 120/61 inches; build 2.3 (32). Except
+for the very fleshy—3.4 (48)—Mother, this side of the house is less fleshy
+than the other. Five grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, who has had naso-pharyngeal infections, has at 43 years the
+formula 140/67.5 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 144/67.5
+inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who has suffered from naso-pharyngeal infections, diarrhea,
+and nervous exhaustion, has at 42 years the formula 112/61.5 inches; build
+2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 117/61.5 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, subject to indigestion, has at 40 years the formula 125/62.5
+inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 131/62.5 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a bricklayer, subject to diarrhea, has at 35 years the formula
+135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 143/67 inches; build
+2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, subject to biliousness and sleep-walking, has at 32 years the
+formula 185/66 inches; build 3.0 (43); adjusted to 55 years, 193/66 inches;
+build 3.1 (44).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus 4 of the 5 children have a medium build; only 1 is very
+fleshy (S: Bow-2).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure34a" style="max-width: 31.25em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure34a.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 34a.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Bow-2</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Byr-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from South Carolina. The Father, at 60 years, had the formula
+235/72 inches; build 3.2 (45). Of his 3 sibs, (1) brother, 200/66 inches;
+build 3.2 (46); (2) brother, weighed 150 pounds; (3) sister, 165/66 inches;
+build 2.7 (38). Their father, at 73 years, had the formula 200/64 inches;
+build 3.4 (49). Their mother, at 73 years, 175/64 inches; build 3.0 (43).
+All but one of the Father’s brothers are very fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 73 years, had the formula 165/60 inches; build 3.2 (46).
+Her 6 sibs weighed from 130 to 165 pounds. Her father, at 84 years, had
+the formula 160/72 inches; build 2.2 (31). Except for the Mother, this
+side of the house is apparently of only medium build. Four children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 54 years, has the formula 235/71 inches; build 3.3 (47).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 50 years, 160/71 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[83]</span></p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 64 years, 165/71 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus 1 in 4 is very fleshy, 1 is fleshy, and 2 are medium
+(S: Byr-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Cat-3 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Italian origin; grandparents and parents all born in Sicily,
+moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where the children were all born. The Father,
+a sailor till 24 years, then “in business,” suffered in youth (16 years) from
+malaria, and at 20 years and again at 40 years from bronchitis; he is living
+at 63 years; formula 180/64 inches; build 3.1 (44). His father, a sailor
+till 30 years, then a fish dealer, suffered in youth from colds and in middle
+age from bronchitis. He died, at 85 years, from stomach trouble. Formula,
+180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39). His mother, who was “short and slim,” died
+at child-birth at 23 years, having the formula 130/61 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in middle age from appendicitis and influenza. She
+is living at 56 years, having the formula 195/62 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+Her father, who operated an oil mill, was short and “stocky” and had high
+blood-pressure. He died, at 77 years, from “sudden shock, caused by chill,”
+having the formula 160/62 inches; build 3.0 (42). Her mother, who had
+11 children, was a quick-tempered, heavy-set, broad-shouldered woman.
+She died at 77 years of pneumonia, having the formula 200/64 inches; build
+3.4 (49). Six grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a pharmacist, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has, at 27
+years, the formula 145/66 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years,
+156/66 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has, at 26 years, the
+formula 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 55 years, 168/66 inches;
+build 2.2 (39).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from measles, chicken-pox, and
+colds, is fond of athletics and out-of-door life. At birth he weighed 10
+pounds; at 14 years, 140 pounds. Began athletics and at 17 years weighed
+180 pounds. At 23 years has the formula 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 209/67 inches; build 3.3 (47).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, a student, who at 22 years has the formula 120/62 inches;
+build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55+ years, 138/62 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from measles, diphtheria, and
+pneumonia. Died at 18 years in military service, from pneumonia. Formula,
+140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 165/70 inches; build
+2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has at 18
+years the formula 147/66 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 55+ years,
+172/70 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The Mother’s side of the house is decidedly the heavier. One
+son approached the maternal build; the other children are far below either
+parent in build, even with the adjustment (which is probably inadequate)
+(R: Car-3).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Dal-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from North Carolina. The Father, at 69 years, has the formula
+225/68 inches; build 3.4 (49). Of his 7 sibs, (1) brother, at 64 years, has
+the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34); (2) brother, at 35 years, 150/70
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[84]</span>inches; build 2.2 (31); (3) brother, at 45 years, 140/67.5 inches; build 2.1
+(30); (4) brother, at 40 years, 230/70 inches; build 3.3 (47); (5) brother,
+180/72 inches; build 2.4 (35); (6) sister, at 60 years, 166/66 inches; build
+2.7 (38); (7) sister, at 70 years, 140/70 inches; build 2.0 (29). Their
+father, at 75 years, 220/68 inches; build 3.3 (48). A very fleshy Father of
+whose 7 sibs 1 is very fleshy, 1 fleshy, 4 medium, and 1 slender. The gametic
+constitution is apparently mixed.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 36 years, has the formula 225/65 inches; build 3.7 (53).
+Her father, at 80 years, 330/72 inches; build 4.6 (64). Apparently this
+side of the house is exceptionally fleshy. Six children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 64 years, 212/69 inches; build 3.1 (45).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 66 years, 185/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 59 years, 240/69 inches; build 3.5 (50).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, at 54 years, 240/72 inches; build 3.3 (46).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, at 61 years, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, at 54 years, 130/64 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus 3 out of 6 children are very fleshy, 1 is fleshy and the
+2 daughters are medium (S: Dal-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Dud-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Irish extraction from North Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, at 75 years, had the formula 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49).
+His brother, at 70 years, 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 86 years, had the formula 220/66 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+Two grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 60 years, 251/70 inches; build 3.6 (51).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 70 years, 150/70 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children of these parents, the family of one of whom at
+least is of mixed build, were one very fleshy and one medium (S: Dud-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Smi-36 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction. The grandparents, parents, and one
+child are all New Englanders.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, a physician, in excellent health, has at 53 the formula
+208/67.5 inches; build 3.2 (46). His father, a physician also, died, at 82
+years, from angina pectoris. He had pulmonary tuberculosis in youth. At
+65 his formula was 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). The father’s mother had
+three sons and two daughters. She died of tuberculosis, at 35 years of age.
+Her formula at 30 was 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34). This side of the
+house shows heavy build of mixed origin.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother in middle age had cerebral embolus. At 51 her formula is
+176/63.5 inches; build 3.1 (44). Her father, a farmer, had erysipelas in
+middle age. He died, at 64, from typhoid fever. At 60 he had the formula
+225/70 inches; build 3.2 (46). Her mother, having had 3 sons and 4
+daughters, died at 78 from dysentery. At 65 her formula was 160/63
+inches; build 2.8 (40). This side of the house is very fleshy to fleshy.
+One child:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a medical student. He has, at 22, the formula 165/74 inches;
+build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 52 years, 190/74 inches, build 2.5 (34).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus the child is slenderer than either parent and like his
+tubercular father’s mother (R: Smi-36).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[85]</span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_II_SUMMARY"><span class="smcap">Summary.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The progeny of the three matings may now be compared (<a href="#table26">table 26</a>).
+While even very fleshy parents are sometimes heterozygous (perhaps
+carrying 5 or rarely even 4 zygotic factors for build), yet they do not
+produce any slender children. The merely “fleshy” parents, on the
+other hand, produce about 7 per cent slender. None would be expected
+on the 4-zygotic-factor hypothesis, but about 6 per cent would be on
+the 6-factor hypothesis.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table26"><span class="smcap">Table 26.</span>—<i>Summary of selected fleshy matings, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="3"></th>
+    <th rowspan="3">No.</th>
+    <th colspan="8">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="4">Frequency.</th>
+    <th colspan="4">Proportion.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mating 1. One parent VF; the other F, of F stock.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mating 2. Both parents F, of F stock.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mating 3. Other VF × VF matings.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>A comparison of <a href="#table23">tables 23</a> and <a href="#table26">26</a> shows a profound difference in the
+distribution of build in the two sets of progenies. From the matings
+of slender parents come predominantly (84 per cent) slender and very
+slender offspring; from the mating of two fleshy or very fleshy parents
+come predominantly (67 per cent) fleshy and very fleshy offspring.
+The ranges of the offspring classes overlap somewhat, for the slender
+matings produce 16 per cent progeny who are above slender build;
+and the fleshy matings produce 32 per cent of progeny who are below
+fleshy build. The progeny of the slender matings are much less
+variable than those of fleshy matings. Thus, the standard deviation
+of the offspring in <a href="#table23">table 23</a> is only 3.13 ± 0.17; while the standard
+deviation of the offspring of the fleshy parents listed in <a href="#table24">table 24</a> is
+5.74 ± 0.39 and in <a href="#table25">table 25</a> 4.70 ± 0.52. From the standpoint of
+genetics this indicates the presence of more genetical factors in the
+fleshy parents than in the slender.</p>
+
+<p>However, there is one consideration that must not be overlooked.
+This is that the mean index of build of the slender offspring is lower
+than that of the fleshy ones. If we place the average index of the
+very slender and slender groups at 26, and of the pure fleshy at 40,
+then the coefficient of variability of the slender and very slender is
+3.13/26, or 12 per cent, and that of the fleshy of <a href="#table24">table 24</a> is 4.70/40,
+or 14 per cent. Thus the fleshy offspring are not only absolutely
+but also relatively more variable than the slender offspring.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps a fairer comparison is obtained from the data of <a href="#table12">table 12</a>.
+The standard deviation of the progeny of the S × S matings is
+2.41; of the F × F matings is 5.37. The corresponding coefficients of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[86]</span>variability are 2.41/28.47 and 5.35/37.56, or 8.46 per cent and
+14.25 per cent respectively. That is, the coefficient of variability of
+build of the offspring of the F × F mating is 68 per cent greater than
+that of the S × S mating. The ranges of the logarithms of the indices
+of the S and the F groups is as near as possible the same, and the
+arithmetic range of the F is only 40 per cent greater than of the S
+group. Hence the greater variability of the offspring of the F × F
+as compared with the S × S matings can not be accounted for on a
+difference in the range of index values of the S and F classes. The
+most reasonable conclusion seems to be that the gametes of the fleshy
+parents are somewhat more variable than the gametes of the slender
+and the very slender parents.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_III"><span class="smcap">Class III. Mating of Slender with Fleshy Stock—The F₁ Generation.</span></h4>
+
+<p>After having considered the inheritance of build in the progeny of
+slender and of fleshy stock respectively, we have next to consider the
+distribution of build in hybrids between such stocks. This class of
+matings produces the familiar F₁ generation. Incidentally it may be
+pointed out that where multiple factors are concerned the F₁ generation
+has not that uniformity that it has when only one factor is concerned.
+This is partly because there are several kinds of F₁ offspring.
+For example, the progeny of very fleshy × slender, fleshy × very
+slender, fleshy × slender, and even subdivisions of some of these
+categories. If we analyze the progeny of all these matings together,
+a considerable range of variation in the F₁ generation is to be expected.
+If we deal with each type of mating separately, the numbers are insufficient
+to be significant. Compromises of various sorts will be necessary
+between too small numbers of offspring, on the one hand, and too heterogeneous
+parents on the other. Further complications arise from the
+fact that on the hypothesis that fleshy persons carry factors that dominate
+over slender, it is to be expected that the children shall be, on the
+average, of above medium build; and, again, from the fact that the
+children are younger than the parents and, for the most part, do not as
+yet show their full adult build. This is a matter of especial importance
+in this mating, since heterozygous individuals are slow in developing
+their potential build. Three kinds of matings will be considered.</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_III_1">Mating 1. <span class="smcap">One Parent Slender, of Slender Stock, and the Other Fleshy, of Fleshy
+Stock.</span> (<a href="#tableVIII">Table VIII</a> in Part.)</h5>
+
+<p>If mainly those fleshy parents are selected whose parents and sibs
+(so far as known) are fleshy, then the progeny will correspond as
+nearly as possible to a Mendelian F₁ generation, and should be characterized
+by relatively low variability. Such selected matings are
+given in <a href="#table27">table 27</a>, extracted from <a href="#tableVIII">table VIII</a>, Appendix.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[87]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table27"><span class="smcap">Table 27.</span>—<i>Matings of a slender parent of slender stock and
+a fleshy parent of fleshy stock, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">F</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">M</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th colspan="4">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ale 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td>3 tall</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>2 t</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Coo 6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td>Short</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dob 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dud I</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="nw">10 F and VF; 1S(t).</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="nw">3 of 12, F or VF.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Elk I</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Faz</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td>1 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td>1 VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Leo</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td>1 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td>4 S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lyn</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td>2 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ofi a</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ofi b</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td>1 M 3 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td>7 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ofi c</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wal 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">64</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Per cent</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6.2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">54.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11.1</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>A, 38.29 ± 0.43. S. D., 5.02 ± 0.30</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In <a href="#table27">table 27</a>, of 64 offspring the proportions are 6 S, 28 M, 55 F,
+11 VF. On the assumption of 6 zygotic factors, and that the matings
+are of 5-factor and 2-factor parents, and that they were equally of the
+two types of matings of this class, then we should expect the following
+proportions; 8 S, 42 M, 42 F, 8 VF. That this does not more
+closely approximate the observed proportions is probably due to the
+partial dominance of F over S. At any rate, it is a closer fit than
+would be given on the 4-factor hypothesis. The details of each
+family included in this mating are given below.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ale-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction; grandparents and parents living mostly
+in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. Two of the children were born
+in West Virginia, the other two in Ohio. The Father, a minister, has at 55
+years the formula 135/70.8 inches; build 1.9 (27). His 3 brothers are tall.
+Their father, who was a minister, always well, died at 81 years from
+“diseases incident to old age,” at 70 years having the formula M/VT;&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> build,
+say, 2.3 (33). Their mother, who had 6 children, in youth was “delicate.”
+She died at 85 years from old age, having the formula S/T; build, say, 2.0
+(28). Thus this side of the house is prevailingly of slender build.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[5]</a> M, medium weight; VT, very tall.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had 4 children, suffered in middle age from erysipelas
+and gallstones. She is living at 54 years, having at 50 years the formula
+145/62 inches; build 2.7 (38). One of her brothers died at 18 years from
+tuberculosis, height 70 inches; another brother became feeble-minded after
+an attack of spinal meningitis, height 62.5 inches; one sister also died from
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[88]</span>tuberculosis at 48 years. Their father, who was a miller, suffered in youth
+from typhoid fever and in middle age from neuralgia and acute indigestion,
+and was killed in an accident at 77 years. At 60 years his formula was
+165/M; build, say, 2.5 (36). Their mother, who had 9 children, was always
+well. She died at 78 years from angina pectoris. At 50 years her formula
+was 165/M; build, say, 3.0 (42). Thus this side of the house is prevailingly
+of fleshy build, despite some tuberculosis. The 3 grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a minister, always well, has at 30 years the formula 165/67
+inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 52 years, 174/67 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a school teacher, always well, has at 28 years the formula
+108/62.5 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 52 years, 123/62.5 inches;
+build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a student, always well, has at 23 years the formula 140/66.5
+inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 52 years, 154/67 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The build of the children ranges from 2.0 or 2.2 (28 or 31)
+to 2.6 or 2.7 (37 or 39), almost exactly the difference between the parents
+but the build is slightly higher on the average than theirs. One should probably
+be classified as slender, one as medium, and one as fleshy. There is
+a slight evidence of dominance of fleshiness (R: Ale-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Coo-6 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of mixed Nordic stock, chiefly English, living in the Central
+States. The Father, a farmer, who has always been well, is a man of great
+bodily energy and calm temperament. Formula at 40 years 180/68 inches;
+build 2.7 (39). His father, a farmer, who was killed in the Civil War, had
+at 40 years the formula 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38). His mother, who
+was always well and energetic, had at 40 years the formula 160/65 inches;
+build 2.7 (38). Thus this side of the house is uniformly fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had a throat infection, had the formula 110/63 inches;
+build 1.9 (28). Her sibs were mostly short and two of them suffered from
+asthma. Their father, a farmer, who had a throat infection and died at 55
+of smallpox, had the formula 150/67.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). Their mother,
+who also died at 55 of smallpox, had the formula 125/66 inches; build 2.0
+(29). Thus the maternal side of the house has a distinctly slenderer build
+than the paternal. The 3 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, who died in early infancy of brain fever.</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, 30 years old, a traveling salesman and soldier, with a catarrhal
+nasal infection, had the formula at 20 years 160/67.5 inches; build 2.5
+(35); adjusted to 50 years, 178/69.4 inches; build 2.7 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, 25 years old, a music teacher, with a catarrhal nasal infection,
+has at 20 years the formula 120/62 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50
+years, 139/62 inches; build 2.6 (36).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, 21 years old, a farmer, from whom a skin tumor and tonsils
+have been removed, has at 20 years the formula 150/65.5 inches; build 2.4
+(35); adjusted to 50 years, 166/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A mating of fleshy with slender build has produced only
+medium-fleshy offspring (R: Coo-6).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Cla-32 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction living in Vermont. The Father, who is a
+farmer, suffered in youth from catarrh and influenza. He is living at 57
+years, having the formula 150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who is
+a farmer, always well, has at 84 years the formula 150/72 inches; build 29.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[89]</span>His mother, who had 2 children, always well, has at 80 years the formula
+120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29). This family is prevailingly slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 2 children, always well, has at 52 years the formula
+157/64 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her father, who was a farmer, suffered in
+middle age from weak heart, sciatica, and rheumatism. He died, at 67
+years, from “blood-clot on brain,” having the formula 160/72 inches; build
+2.2 (31). Her mother, who had 1 child, was always well till, at 68 years,
+she died of cancer of liver; formula 160/62 inches; build 2.9 (42). Of the
+2 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, married, always well, has at 30 years the formula 145/66
+inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55 years, 160/66 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a farmer, always well, has, at 24 years, the formula 150/72
+inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 169/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The daughter will probably become fleshy like her Mother;
+the son will probably remain slender like his Father (R: Cla-32).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Dob-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch-Irish and German extraction, living in the middle
+western States. The Father, a real-estate agent, who in youth suffered from
+diphtheria, has at 65 years the formula 120/67.5 inches; build 1.9 (26).
+His father, a farmer, always well, died at 89 years of old age, with the
+formula 145/70 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother died at 29 years of
+tuberculosis; she was slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth suffered from whooping-cough and scarlet
+fever, has at 65 years the formula 170/64 inches; build 2.9 (42)—fleshy.
+Her father, a German farmer, died of old age at 81 years; he was corpulent.
+Her mother died at 81 years of “heart leakage”; she was corpulent. The
+5 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a school teacher, always well, has at 34 years the formula
+130/66.5 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 138/66.5 inches;
+build 2.3 (31).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a music and art teacher, who in youth suffered from catarrhal
+fever, has at 32 years the formula 135/61 inches; build 2.6 (36); adjusted
+to 55 years, 147/61 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, electrical engineer, always well, has at 29 years the formula 140/67
+inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 150/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, student, had pneumonia, has at 26 years the formula 150/67
+inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55 years, 162/67 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, a student, who has had malaria, has at 24 years the formula
+130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 144/67 inches; build
+2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A man of a family of a prevailing slender build, whose
+mother died of tuberculosis, married a fleshy woman of two fleshy parents.
+Of the 5 children, 1 and perhaps 2 will become fleshy; 1 is of medium build,
+and 2 will probably remain slender like the Father. Since all children are
+fleshier than the slender Father, and since members of the family tend to
+grow fleshy as they grow older, it seems probable (barring disease) that
+child No. 2 will gain the build of her stout Mother and that the others will
+become of at least medium build (R: Dob-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Dud-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scotch stock residing principally in Ohio and Iowa. The
+Father, a farmer until his retirement at 50 years, who died at 56 of diabetes,
+had at 40 years the formula 215/71 inches; build 3.0 (43). Of his 6 sisters,
+4 were stout to very stout and 1 was slender and died of tuberculosis. Of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[90]</span>his 2 brothers, one was 72 inches tall and died of kidney trouble; the other
+was 67 inches tall. The Father’s father, also a farmer all his life and very
+strong, died at 60 years of apoplexy, having the formula 250/64 inches;
+build 4.3 (61). This side of the house brings into the combination a tendency
+to extreme fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who was operated on for cancer, at 40 years had the formula
+115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28). She had 12 sibs, of whom 3 were fleshy or
+very fleshy. Her father, a carpenter, who died of Bright’s disease at 70, had
+the formula 160/72 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who died at 50
+years of tuberculosis, had at 40 years of age the formula 120/65 inches;
+build 2.0 (28). This side of the house is prevailingly slender. The 2 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a college student and subject to migraine, has at 25 years the
+formula 158/70 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 40 years, 169/70 inches;
+build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a school girl, operated on at 16 for appendicitis, has at 25
+years the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 40 years,
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This mating of parents of stout and of slender stock results
+in children who are still young and of only medium to slender build. It is to
+be expected that the young man, at least, will become stout, approaching
+his father’s build (R: Dud-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Elk-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction living in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
+The Father, a “superintendent,” suffered in youth from pneumonia.
+He is living at 47 years, having the formula 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41).
+One of his brothers died, at 43 years, from consumption of the stomach
+“due to accident”; his formula, 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (36). Their mother
+is living at 73 years, having the formula 160/60 inches; build 3.1 (44).
+This side of the house is prevailingly fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who suffered in middle age from bronchial trouble, has at
+49 years the formula 98/60.3 inches; build 2.0 (27). Her father, a farmer,
+is living at 76 years with the formula 135/67.3 inches; build 2.1 (30). Her
+mother, who suffered in middle age from bronchitis, pneumonia, and heart
+trouble, is living at 68 years with the formula 124/62 inches; build 3.2.
+This is a prevailingly slender family. The 4 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a student, has at 23 years the formula 120/64.5 inches; build
+2.0 (29); adjusted to 48 years, 137/64.5 inches; build 2.2 (33).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a student, has at 21 years the formula 108/64.5 inches; build
+1.8 (26); adjusted to 48 years, 126/64.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a student, has at 18 years the formula 107/61 inches; build
+2.0 (29); adjusted to 48 years, 125/61 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, a student, twin to No. 3, has at 18 years the formula 107/61.6
+inches; build 1.9 (28); adjusted to 48 years, 127/61.6 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are all fairly young and have the youthful
+slender and medium build. Even on adjustment they do not rise above the
+medium class. Unfortunately, we do not know how this family develops
+its index of build (R: Elk-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Faz Family.</span> (<a href="#figure28">Fig. 28.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 8, ♂, is slender; he has a fleshy sister and their mother is fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>His wife is II 9, who, at 46 years, has stature 151 cm. (59 inches) and
+weight 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 4.0 (57); very fleshy. Her relative
+chest-girth, is 111/151, or 74 per cent. Her sister, II 6, who died at 66
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[91]</span>of cerebral hemorrhage, had the formula 225/63 inches; build 4.0 (57);
+very fleshy. Both of their parents were fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>The children of II 8, 9 who grew up are: (1) III 9, ♀, at 19 of medium
+weight. (2) III 10, ♂, at 18 years fleshy. Two others are too young to
+include in the statistics.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Medium and fleshy progeny recur, suggesting that the fleshy
+parent is not entirely homozygous (73:665).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Leo Family.</span> (<a href="#figure23">Fig. 23.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 2 ♂, 72 inches tall and fleshy, has a tall and fleshy sister. His wife,
+II 3, ♀, is of medium stature and slender. She has 4 sibs, all slender; their
+parents also slender. Three children, all fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>Again, II 7, the slender brother of II 3, married an obese woman, and
+has 1 child who, at 9 years, is 20 per cent over weight. See also <a href="#Page_61">page 61</a>
+(S × S mating). (73:676.)</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Lyn Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>D. O., ♂, weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds), fleshy, has 2 fleshy sibs and
+fleshy mother. He married a slender woman, who grew fleshier in middle
+life. They had 6 children, all fleshy. D. O. is a second cousin of <a href="#figure30">figure 30</a>,
+II 1 (<a href="#Page_74">p. 74</a>). The fleshy parent was apparently a homozygous dominant
+(73:684).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ofi Family, A.</span> (<a href="#figure35">Fig. 35.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 1 ♂ was tall and slender. His wife I 2 was tall and very fleshy. There
+were 8 children, about whose build something is known.</p>
+
+<p>II 1 ♀ fleshy. II 3 ♀ at 40 years is fleshy, married to a slender man,
+has slender and fleshy children. II 4 ♂ at 30 years is fleshy. II 7 ♂
+is tall and fleshy. II 10 ♀ is inclined to be fleshy. II 12 ♀ at 42 years
+is fleshy, and has children of both types. II 14 ♂ at 45 years, stature 165
+cm. (65 inches); weight 62.5 (138 pounds); build 2.3 (33); medium. II 13 ♂
+died at 35 years; very fleshy. Thus 1 is very fleshy, 6 are fleshy, and 1 is
+of medium build (73:697).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure35" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure35.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 35.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Ofi</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ofi Family, B.</span> (<a href="#figure35">Fig. 35.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 7 ♂, slender, has 3 fleshy sibs and 1 of medium weight. His wife,
+I 8 ♀, died at 68, fleshy, had 7 sibs, all fleshy. There were 8 children:
+II 15 ♀ at 38 years, stature 153 cm. (60 inches); weight 69 kg. (151
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[92]</span>pounds); build 2.9 (42), fleshy; relative chest-girth 92/153, or 61 per cent.
+She has always been fleshy, was formerly more so than now. Married to
+a man of medium build, there were 4 children, 2 slender, and 1 fleshy&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> and
+1 very fleshy. II 16 ♂ died at 48 of “heart disease,” very fleshy. II 17 ♀,
+stature 151 cm. (59 inches); weight 56 kg. (124 pounds); build 2.5 (36),
+fleshy-medium; relative chest-girth 95/151, or 63 per cent. II 18 ♀
+fleshy. II 20 ♀, very fleshy, has 3 slender children. II 21 ♀ fleshy.
+II 22 ♂ of medium build. II 23 ♀, at 31 years, stature 150 cm. (59
+inches); weight 69 kg. (151 pounds); build 3.0 (43 per cent), fleshy. Relative
+chest-girth 100/150, or 67 per cent. Thus, of the 8 children 2 are of
+medium build, 4 fleshy, and 2 very fleshy.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[6]</a> III 7, shading omitted, by error, on chart.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ofi Family, C.</span> (<a href="#figure35">Fig. 35.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 2 ♂, slender, married II 3, at 40 years fleshy and <i>heterozygous</i>, and
+had 4 children. III 1 ♂ fleshy; III 2 ♂ of medium build, and III 3 ♂,
+4 ♂ twins, slender. Thus 1 fleshy, 1 medium, and 2 slender.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Mating B is apparently that of a nearly homozygous dominant
+fleshy mated to a slender, and producing fleshy and very fleshy offspring
+and 2 who are just below fleshy build (73:697).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Smi Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>II 1 ♂ (<a href="#figure26">fig. 26</a>), at 50, stature 173 cm. (68 inches); and weight 90 to
+100 kg. (200 to 215 pounds); build 3.2 (45), very fleshy. As a lad he was
+very slender, but at 28 years began to grow fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>Married a woman who, at 68 years, has a stature of 150 cm. (59 inches),
+weight 45 kg. (100 pounds); build 2.0 (30), slender. They had 8 children:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Male, at 50 years, stature 165 cm. (65 inches); weight 80 kg. (175
+pounds); build 2.9 (41), fleshy; slender as a child. (2) ♀, at 48 years,
+stature 155 cm. (61 inches); weight 79 kg. (174 pounds); build 3.3 (47),
+very fleshy; was slender until about 16 years of age. (3) ♀, at 46 years,
+stature 155 cm. (61 inches); weight 86 kg. (190 pounds); build 3.6 (51),
+very fleshy; was slender until 20 years old. By a slender husband she has
+3 children, 13 to 5 years of age, all slender, but the eldest boy growing
+fleshier. (4) ♀ died at 28 years of kidney trouble, aggravated by child-birth;
+at that time she was slender. (5) ♀, at 34 years, stature 155 cm.
+(61 inches); weight 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.4 (48), very fleshy, rather
+uniformly over the body. She was fleshy as a child; then became slender
+and remained so up to the age of 16 or 18 years. By a slender man she has
+3 children, all young and slender. (6) ♂, at 31 years of medium build with
+a tendency to grow fleshier, by a slender wife has a slender child. (7) ♂,
+at 29 years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight now about 62 kg. (135
+pounds); build 2.5 (35), fleshy-medium, and varying inversely with his
+activity. (8) ♂, at 24 years, stature 168 cm. (66 inches); weight 59 kg.
+(130 pounds); build 2.1 (30), medium-slender, but this is the age when in
+this family they first begin to put on flesh.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This is an exceedingly instructive family; first, because they
+are all slender until 20 to 25 and then begin to grow fleshier. The heterozygous
+condition of fleshiness retards the full development of the trait,
+as so often seen in genetics. It is probable that III 1 is nearly homozygous
+for fleshiness (73:736).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[93]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Wal-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A New York State family of English and Scotch ancestry.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, a business man, with diabetic tendencies, has at 60 years
+the formula 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41). His sibs are all tall or very
+tall. His father, a Scotch farmer, who had “kidney trouble,” which,
+aggravated by influenza, caused his death at 86 years, had the formula
+175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38). His mother, who suffered from neuralgia
+and died of blood-poisoning at 64 years, had the formula 150/66 inches;
+build 2.4 (34). This side of the house is thus of medium to fleshy build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother is subject to nervous prostration and intestinal indigestion
+and has been operated on for uterine lacerations. At 52 she has the formula
+125/67.5 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her father, who kept a country store and
+died at 83 years of heart failure, had the formula 156/71 inches; build
+2.2 (31). The Mother’s mother, who died at 75 years of cancer of the
+stomach, was hunch-backed from an accident when 3 years old; had long
+arms and would probably have been tall. At 60 she had the formula 100/60
+inches; build 2.0 (28). This side of the house is prevailingly slender. Two
+children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a social worker, has at 30 years the formula 200/74 inches;
+build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 214/74 inches; build 2.8 (39).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a business man, has at 24 years the formula 160/71 inches;
+build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 178/71 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—One child is fleshy like the Father, the other is of intermediate
+build (R: Wal-4).</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_III_2">Mating 2. <span class="smcap">Other Slender × Fleshy Matings.</span></h5>
+
+<p>In addition to the selected cases of <a href="#table27">table 27</a>, reference may be made
+to other families of <a href="#tableVIII">table VIII</a> of which details are published herewith;
+and which reveal special matters of interest. They are not
+included in mating 1, because there is always at least one medium-grade
+parent of the fleshy side of the house. The families are listed in
+<a href="#table28">table 28</a>, summarized here and described <i>in extenso</i> further on.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table28"><span class="smcap">Table 28.</span>— <i>Matings of a slender parent of slender stock and
+a fleshy parent of mixed stock, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">F</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">M</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fin 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Met A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td>3M, 1F 1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33 ±</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28 ±</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td>2S, 3M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Olm A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td>1M, 1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">She 12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van 3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>Offspring: A, 38.01 ± 0.55. S. D., 4.74 ± 0.39.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><i>Bro-30.</i>—One child out of 3 is very fleshy, of a grade that in our
+experience never occurs when both parents are slender.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[94]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Fin-1.</i>—In this family all 3 children have already a build nearly
+equal to that of the fleshier parent. Assuming that they increase in
+weight in the same degree as the average person, they may be expected
+to be considerably fleshier than the fleshy parent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Met-A.</i>—Of the 5 children, 3 already exceed in build the fleshy
+parent.</p>
+
+<p><i>Olm-A.</i>—Of 6 children, all but 1 are fleshier than the fleshy parent.</p>
+
+<p><i>She-12.</i>—Of 7 children, 4 are fleshy like the Father, the others are
+slender to medium.</p>
+
+<p><i>Van-3.</i>—One out of 3 is fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>The distribution of indices of build in the offspring is summarized
+in <a href="#table28">table 28</a>. This distribution of offspring is characterized by about
+the same means as in mating 1, and by about the same variability. It
+seems probable, consequently, that the fleshy parents were nearly
+homozygous for this trait.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bro-30 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of prevailingly English stock. The members of this family,
+including the grandparents, parents, and 3 children, were born and have
+lived in Connecticut. The Father in youth had typhoid fever, in middle
+age neuritis. Now, at 72, his formula is 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+His father, a school-teacher and farmer, died at 65 from old age, premature
+because of his strenuous life. His formula was 150/70 inches;
+build 2.0 (31). The Father’s mother had sick headaches and inflammatory
+rheumatism in middle age. She died at 82 from old age, having then the
+formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had inflammatory rheumatism in youth and malaria in
+middle age, has now, at 63, the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her
+father, a farmer and politician, suffered from Bright’s disease in middle age,
+and died at 54 from an abscess of the liver as the immediate cause. His
+formula 175/71 inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, having enjoyed good
+health all her life, died at 87 from old age. Her formula was 175/66 inches;
+build 2.8 (40). The 3 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 42, 145/67 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years,
+149/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 40, 165/68 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 55 years,
+170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 39, 200/68 inches; build 3.0 (43); adjusted to 55 years,
+206/68 inches; build 3.1 (45).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children’s range of build exceeds that of the parents;
+the youngest is indeed very fleshy. Probably there is an obese tendency
+which comes down through the line of the Mother and Mother’s mother
+(R: Bro-30).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Fin-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Russian Jewish stock. The grandparents and parents were
+natives of Russia; the family emigrated to America and settled in Pennsylvania,
+where the 3 children were born. The Father, a manufacturer, is
+living at 47 years, having the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30). His
+father, a merchant, is living at 69 years, having the formula 150/66 inches;
+build 2.4 (34). His mother, who had 12 children, died at 55 years from
+cancer, having the formula 145/68 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[95]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother has at 43 years the formula 165/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her sibs are mostly of heavy build. Her father, a merchant, has at 68
+years the formula 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her mother, who had 5
+children, died at 53 years, having the formula 135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+The 3 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a salesman, has at 23 years the formula 195/70 inches; build
+2.8 (40); adjusted to 45 years, 210/70 inches; build 3.0 (43).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a law student, has at 23 years the formula 175/70 inches; build
+2.5 (36); adjusted to 45 years, 190/70 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a college student, has at 21 years the formula 169/70 inches;
+build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 45 years, 186/70 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All 3 children have a fleshy build and may be expected to
+become fleshier than the Mother (R: Fin-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Met-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in Illinois. The Father, at 50
+years, had the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). Of his 5 sibs: (1)
+Brother, at 50 years, 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). (2) Brother, at 50
+years, 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). (3) Brother, at 50 years, 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35). (4) Sister, at 50 years, had the formula 200/T;
+build, say, 3.2 (46±). (5) Sister, at 50 years, had formula 140/M; build,
+say, 2.5 (35). Both their father and mother are said to have been of
+medium build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 50 years, had the formula 120/63 inches; build 2.1 (30).
+Of her 5 sibs who reached maturity: (1) Brother, at 50 years, had the
+formula 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). (2) Sister, 130/64 inches; build
+2.2 (32). (3) Sister, 110/60 inches; build 2.1 (31). (4) Sister, 120/63
+inches; build 2.1 (30). (5) Sister, 110/63 inches; build 1.9 (28.) Their
+father had the formula 140/S; build, say, 2.3 (33±). Their mother had the
+formula 120/T; build, say, 2.0 (28±). Five grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, at 35 years, has the formula 165/65 inches; build 2.7 (39);
+adjusted to 50 years, 175/65 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 40 years, 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 50 years,
+183/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 40 years, 185/68 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 50 years,
+188/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, at 20 years, 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 50 years,
+178/69 inches; build 2.7 (37).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, at 35 years, 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 50
+years, 161/68 inches; build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—On the adjusted build, all children are above the mid-parent
+and 3 of the 5 exceed the stouter parent (S:Met-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Olm-A Family.</span> (<a href="#figure36">Fig. 36.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family of old American stock living in New York State. The Father
+has the formula 170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38). He has a fleshy brother.
+His father had the formula 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has the formula 100/64.5 inches; build 1.7 (24). She has 1
+medium brother and a fleshy sister. Her father had the formula 150/66.5
+inches; build 2.4 (34). Her mother had the formula 125/66.5 inches;
+build 2.0 (28). The 6 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 60 years, has the formula 192/61 inches; build 3.6 (43).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, 250/67 inches; build 3.6 (51).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[96]</span></p>
+
+<p>3. Male, 180/66.5 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, 155/65 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, 175/66 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A fleshy man, whose known family is fleshy or medium, has
+by a very slender woman whose family shows a variety of builds, 6 children:
+1 medium, 4 fleshy, and 1 very fleshy. This suggests that the Father
+is nearly homozygous for the factors of build (S:Olm-A).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure36" style="max-width: 15.625em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure36.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 36.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Olm-A</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">She-12 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>This family, whose grandparents came from Pennsylvania and New
+Jersey, is chiefly of English and German stock. The 10 children were born
+in Iowa and Nebraska.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, soldier and editor, is in good health at 76 years, except for
+“rheumatism”; formula, 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38). His father, a blacksmith,
+who was killed by the kick of a horse, had the formula 160/69
+inches; build 2.4 (34). The Father’s mother, who had a large family and
+died of dropsy, at 74 years had the formula
+200/66 inches; build 3.2 (46). Thus this side
+of the house is prevailingly of fleshy build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, with 10 children, had an
+attack of pneumonia and died at 56 of throat
+and bronchial trouble and had the formula
+120/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). The Mother’s
+father, a merchant, who died of a fever, had
+the formula 175/72 inches; build 2.4 (34).
+The Mother’s mother, who was inclined to
+bronchial and lung diseases, had the formula
+120/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). She died of
+“old age” at 82 years. This side of the house
+is medium to slender. The 7 grown children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, married, has suffered from intestinal indigestion and “some
+rheumatism.” At 48 her formula is 170/64 inches; build 2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a journalist, who was weak after an attack of scarlet fever, but
+developed into a robust man, has at 46 the formula 180/69 inches; build
+2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, now 40 years old, married and with a family, has the formula
+155/66 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 55 years, 162/66 inches; build
+2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a linotype operator, subject to throat and stomach trouble, has
+the formula 170/72 inches, build 2.3 (33), at the age of 37 years; adjusted
+to 55 years, 176/72 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, a promoter, in fine health, has at 34 the formula 160/72 inches;
+build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 168/72 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, a journalist, who has had ear and throat trouble following
+scarlet fever, has, at 32, the formula 170/69 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted
+to 55 years, 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>7. Female, delicate and inclined to rheumatism, at 29 years has the
+formula 120/65 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 135/65 inches;
+build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Four of the children are stout like the Father; the others are
+intermediate to slender (R: She-12).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[97]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Van-3 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>Grandparents from Pennsylvania and New York; children born in Pennsylvania
+and Michigan; chiefly of English origin. Father, iron-worker,
+subject to bronchial and catarrhal troubles; formula, at 60 years, 135/68
+inches; build 2.1 (29). Father’s father, a minister, subject to catarrhal
+and bronchial troubles, died at 92 years of pneumonia; formula 130/67
+inches; build 2.0 (29). Father’s mother died of pneumonia at 84 years;
+formula 122/65 inches; build 2.0 (29). This side of the house is slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has some catarrhal and bronchial trouble, has the
+formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (36.6). Her father, who died at 72 years
+of kidney trouble and constipation, had the formula 150/67 inches; build
+2.3 (33). Her mother had the formula 160/64 inches; build 2.7 (39). This
+side of the house is of or above the average build. There are 3 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a teacher, has at 27 years old the formula 110/65 inches;
+build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who had an attack of typhoid fever, had the formula 150/64
+inches; build 2.6 (36.6) (“physically and mentally like mother”).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 18 years, has the formula 125/68.5 inches; build 1.8 (27);
+adjusted to 50 years, 135/69 inches; build 2.0 (28). Thus 2 of the children
+resemble the (slender) paternal side and 1 the maternal (R: Van-3).</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_III_3">Mating 3. <span class="smcap">Very Slender × Very Fleshy.</span></h5>
+
+<p>Mention may be made of one example of this extreme mating,
+namely, of a very fleshy man with a very slender woman, whose
+slenderness may be due to the fact that she had formerly suffered an
+acute attack of tuberculosis. The two children are still young (19
+and 21 years), but are already 3 and 5 points respectively above
+average build (English system), suggesting dominance of fleshiness.
+The detailed history of this mating follows.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Goo-8 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction living in Massachusetts. The Father, a
+shoe manufacturer, is living at 47 years, having the formula 210/66 inches;
+build 3.4 (48). His father, a farmer, who died at 63 years from Bright’s
+disease, was of medium build. His mother, who had only 1 child, suffered
+in youth from tonsillitis. She is living at 75 years and is of medium build.
+The very stout Father is probably heterozygous in build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 2 children, suffered in youth from tonsillitis and
+scarlet fever; in middle age from tubercular trouble (“cured”). She is
+living at 46 years, having the formula 100/66 inches; build 1.6 (23). Her
+2 brothers were tall. Her father, a farmer, well except for headaches, was
+a distant cousin to his wife. He is living at 72 years, having the formula
+150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). Her mother, who had 3 children, died from
+cancer at 58 years, having the formula 130/63 inches; build 2.3 (33). Thus
+the mother comes of medium (heterozygous?) stock; her extreme slenderness
+is associated with a tendency to active tuberculosis. The 2 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis, has at 21 years
+the formula 153/69 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 47 years, 170/69
+inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a student, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 19
+years the formula 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 47 years,
+180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are medium to fleshy; they are still young
+(R: Goo-8).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[98]</span></p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_III_4">Mating 4. <span class="smcap">Slender × Very Fleshy Matings</span> (<a href="#tableIX">Table IX</a>).</h5>
+
+<p>Another test of dominance of the fleshy factors is afforded by <a href="#tableIX">table
+IX</a>. The details will be found in the following pages. The distribution
+of the progeny is indicated in <a href="#table29">table 29</a>. The sums of <a href="#table29">table 29</a>,
+reduced to percentages, are: 12.5 S, 42.5 M, 35 F, 10 VF. On the
+4-zygotic-factor hypothesis of build, an equality of medium and fleshy
+progeny is expected. On the 6-factor hypothesis, a 5 × 2 mating
+would produce two types of families. Averaging these two types, the
+expected proportions are 9 S, 41 M, 41 F, 9 VF, which is fairly close
+to the proportions actually found. It will be observed that fleshy
+progeny are not far less frequent than those of medium build.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table29"><span class="smcap">Table 29.</span>—<i>Matings of a slender parent and a very fleshy
+one, together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">References.</th>
+    <th colspan="8">Parentage.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>FF</th>
+    <th>FM</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>MF</th>
+    <th>MM</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Arn 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ban 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td>2 t</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26±</td>
+    <td>5 VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ben 8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bon A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td>1 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td>4 S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bun</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cle 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td>1 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">54</td>
+    <td>3 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Coo</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td>2 S, 2 F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td>1 F, 1 VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fen 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Har 15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td>1 t</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>How 8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td>3 t</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kro 3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tea A</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Totals</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr nw">Percentages (4)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>Offspring: A, 36.54 ± 0.59. S. D., 5.51 ± 0.42.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Before passing to the description of the 13 families based on
+Eugenics Record Office data, reference may be made to a case described
+by Rose (1907). A slender man (II 1) of slender parents married a
+woman who weighed 200 pounds (“livres”) and over. Her father
+weighed 270 pounds and her mother, while not obese, has a goiter.
+From the primary slender × very fleshy mating were derived 4 children
+(<a href="#figure37">fig. 37</a>, III 1 to 5). The first is fleshy; the third slender. The
+second, a girl, at 16 weighed 150 pounds, but after chlorosis became
+slenderer. This girl married a man apparently of medium build, and
+they had 4 children, of whom 3 died of meningitis and the other is
+an obese infant, weighing 36 pounds at 15 months. The fourth and
+last of the main fraternity is a girl who, at 15 years, is 145 cm. tall
+and weighs 75 kg. This gives her an index of build of 3.6 (51), very
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">[99]</span>fleshy. She was very fleshy at 4 years, and has a big appetite. The
+fat is accumulated on abdomen, breasts, and appendages, except
+hands and feet. The extreme obesity came on at puberty and
+menstruation has never been regular. Epiphyses of radius and metacarpals
+of fingers are fused to their diaphyses. These facts indicate
+an obesity of both the dystrophic adiposo-genitalis type and the
+hypothyroid type. The progeny are thus 1 S, 1 M, 1 F, and 1 VF.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp66" id="figure37" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure37.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 37.</span>—Pedigree chart of Rose’s case.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Arn-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>This is a family of the north central States, of English stock. The Father,
+an engineer, had pneumonia in youth and an attack of gravel at 45; his
+formula at 60 years is 193/66 inches;
+build 3.1 (44). His 9 brothers are all
+one-eighth to 3 inches below average
+stature. His father, who suffered five
+attacks of inflammatory rheumatism,
+died at 59 years of enlargement of the
+heart; formula, 135/65.5 inches; build
+2.2 (31). His mother, who had typhoid
+at 25 years and catarrh of stomach at
+55, has (at 70 years) the formula
+186/62.4 inches; build 3.3 (48). Thus
+the Father, like his mother, is very
+fleshy; but there is a slender strain in
+the family.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who died of tuberculosis
+of the lungs at 46 years after having had
+5 children, had the formula 95/61 inches;
+build 1.8 (25.5). One of her 4 sibs died
+of “hardening of lungs.” Her father,
+who after attacks of pneumonia died at 67 of tuberculosis, had the formula
+140/65 inches; build 2.3 (33). Her mother, who had active tuberculosis
+at 43 years, with recovery, has at 73 years the formula 105/65 inches; build
+1.7 (25). Thus Mother and Mother’s mother are very slender (associated
+with tuberculosis); and there is no fleshiness in the record. There are 2
+grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, who has always been well, has at 24 years the formula 124/61
+inches; build 2.4 (33); adjusted to 55 years, 140/61 inches; build 2.6 (38).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, who has always been well, has at 22 years the formula 133/67.5
+inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 149/68 inches; build 2.3 (32.3).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus the progeny of these parents of opposite build are intermediate;
+in the adjusted build inclining toward fleshiness (R: Arn-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ban-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Dutch extraction living in northern New York. The Father,
+a farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever; in middle age from tic
+douloureux. He died at 54 years from heart failure, “blood became thin
+and watery”; formula, 225/68 inches; build 3.4 (49). One of his sisters
+died at 40 years from tuberculosis of lungs. One of his brothers died at
+29 years from “consumption of bowels.” His father, a farmer, suffered in
+middle age from inflammatory rheumatism, and died at 74 years from
+apoplexy. At 60 years his formula was 210/71 inches; build 2.9 (42). His
+mother died at 68 years from heart failure, having at 60 years the formula
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">[100]</span>140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31). Thus we have a very fleshy parent with
+tuberculous sibs and a fleshy father.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in middle age suffered from dyspepsia, “after menopause
+very gradually lost her mind, becoming imbecile and helpless till
+death, at 66 years,” having the formula 96/S inches; build 26±. Five of
+her sibs were corpulent. One brother, “small and light framed,” died at 27
+years from tuberculosis. Their father was of medium build. Their mother,
+who in middle age suffered from paralysis, died at 73 years from cancer of
+breast; at 60 years was corpulent. The slender mother is from fleshy stock.
+The 2 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, head of a factory, has at 50 years the formula 180/68 inches;
+build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a teacher, has at 45 years the formula 185/69 inches; build
+2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both offspring at middle age are intermediate in build between
+the two parents, but somewhat closer to the very fleshy one (R: Ban-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ben-8 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A northern family, of which the 4 children were born in Michigan, of
+mixed English, Scotch, and other stock.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, a farmer, who enjoys good health, has at 40 years the formula
+135/69 inches; build 2.0 (28). Both his sibs are above the average in
+stature. His father, a farmer, who died from over-exertion in the sun
+at 48 years, had the formula 190/71 inches; build 2.7 (38). His mother
+died of “heart trouble” at 71 years; formula 100/62 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+Thus, the slender parent has one fleshy parent in turn.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has “heart trouble,” has at 40 years the formula 195/66
+inches; build 3.1 (45). Her 3 sibs are all tall. The Mother’s father, a mill-man,
+died at 61 years of Bright’s disease, having the formula 205/73 inches;
+build 2.7 (39). The Mother’s mother, who is well, had at 56 years the
+formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3 (32). This side of the house is prevailingly
+fleshy. The 2 grown children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, has, at 21 years, the formula 185/71 inches; build 2.6 (36);
+adjusted to 40 years, 202/71 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, at 19 years, has the formula 130/67 inches; build 2.9 (29);
+adjusted to 40 years, 145/67 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—One child is fleshy like the Mother (adjusted build); the
+other is of medium build; both are between the parental extremes.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bon-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from New Hampshire. The Father, at 55 years, had the
+formula 250/70 inches; build 3.6 (51). His brother, at 55 years, had the
+formula 160/63 inches; build 2.8 (40). Their father, at 61 years, had the
+formula 200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 55 years, had the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+Of her 4 sibs: (1) Brother, at 50 years, 150/72 inches; build 2.0 (29).
+(2) Sister, at 55 years, 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). (3) Sister, at 58 years,
+119/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). (4) Sister, at 60 years, 130/68 inches; build
+2.0 (28). Their father, at 85 years, 180/71.5 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p>The one child, male, at 40 years, 220/71 inches; build 3.1 (44).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The progeny of these two parents, one of prevailingly fleshy
+stock, the other of slender stock, is a very fleshy child, but less extreme than
+his parent, who is 15 years older (S:Bon-A).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">[101]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bun Family.</span> (<a href="#figure38">Fig. 38.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A Long Island family of English stock. The Father, at maturity, had
+the formula 280/70 inches; build 4.0 (57); very fleshy. His father was
+fleshy; his mother slender. The Mother, at maturity, had the formula
+125/69 inches; build 1.8 (26); slender. She belongs to a slender family.</p>
+
+<p>The four offspring are all mature, 40 to 50 years: (1) female, 110/65.5
+inches; build 1.8 (25.5); very slender; (2) female, 140/66 inches; build 2.3
+(32); medium; (3) male, 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33); medium; (4) male,
+198/67 inches; build, at 45 years, 3.1 (44); very fleshy (at 30 years his
+build was 2.3 (33) or medium). This very fleshy man has by a wife of
+medium build (but 3 of whose 9 sibs are fleshy) 2 daughters; one, at 18
+years, is 121/62.5 inches; build 2.1 (31); medium; the other at 12 years,
+is 145/62 inches; build 2.7 (38); fleshy; far above normal build for her age.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The principal mating has produced a variable progeny, but
+the tendency to obesity is traceable through three generations.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure38" style="max-width: 31.25em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure38.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 38.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Bun</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Cle-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction living in Ohio. The Father, a farmer, who
+has for years been subject to stomach trouble, has at 62 years the formula
+140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30). He has a fleshy brother. His father, a
+farmer, died at 86 years from “probable cancer of ear,” having the formula
+140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34). His mother died at 80 years of indigestion;
+formula, 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). This is a family of slender to
+medium build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who in youth was liable to asthma and throat trouble and
+in middle age to rheumatism, underwent an operation at 48 years for
+cancer of breast. At 25 or 30 years she began to grow fleshy; at 56 years
+she has the formula 200/61 inches; build 3.8 (54). She has 3 fleshy sibs.
+Her father, a farmer, died at 69 years of “enlargement (probably cancer)
+of liver”; formula, 130/69 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her mother, who had
+12 children, and who underwent two operations for cancer on nose, died
+at 83 years of indigestion; formula, 130/64 inches; build 2.2 (32). The very
+fleshy Mother’s fraternity is apparently derived from slender-medium
+parents. But one of these had probably lost weight before her death at
+83 years. The 4 grown children:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">[102]</span></p>
+
+<p>1. Female, who has suffered from asthma, stomach trouble, gallstones,
+diphtheria, and appendicitis, has at 36 years the formula 120/63 inches;
+build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 130/63 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a farmer, has at 35 years the formula 140/70 inches; build 2.0
+(29); adjusted to 55 years, 148/70 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a farmer, subject in youth to indigestion and catarrh of throat
+and nose. At 25 years he has the formula 165/68 inches; build 2.5 (36);
+adjusted to 55 years, 179/68 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a teacher, who has suffered from diphtheria and colds, has at
+23 years the formula 125/63 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years,
+139/63 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The offspring are still young, and we do not know just how
+they will develop. One is fleshy (but far less so than his Mother); 2 are
+intermediate, and 1, at 35 years, is even slender (R: Cle-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Coo Family.</span> (<a href="#figure39">Fig. 39.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>This is a New York State family upon which I personally made observations.
+A slender-medium man (II 5); build about 2.0 (29), who has 2
+fleshy and 2 slender sibs, married a very fleshy woman, build 3.4 (49),
+whose 2 sibs are also fleshy, 3.4 (48) and 2.8 (40) respectively. Her
+mother was also about 3.4 (49). There were two daughters. One has
+now at 42 years a build of 3.4 (48); her sister a build of 2.4 (34) with a
+tendency to increase. The fleshy sister married a man of slender build,
+whose 3 sibs are of slender to medium build. There are 5 children, all under
+16 except one boy who, at 20 years, has a build of 2.3 (32). He is 73
+inches (183 cm.) tall. All of the other children are of about medium build.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The very fleshy (but heterozygous) Mother mated with a
+slender man has children, all of whom are apparently of medium build (73:656).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp60" id="figure39" style="max-width: 18.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure39.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 39.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Coo</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Fen-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English, Austrian, and Swiss extraction, grandparents and
+children living in New York State and California. The Father, a merchant,
+died at 81 years from ulcer of the stomach. At 50 years he had the formula
+210/69.5 inches; build 3.1 (44).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 5 children, has always been well. She is living at 77
+years, having at 50 years the formula 102/61.5 inches; build 1.8 (27). One
+of her sisters died at 79 years from “rheumatism of heart.” The 5
+children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a manufacturer, who suffered in youth from typhoid fever.
+He has at 50 years the formula 180/68.5 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[103]</span></p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a merchant, has at 40 years the formula 140/66 inches; build
+2.3 (32); adjusted to 50 years, 143/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, always well, married, has at 40 years the formula 120/66.5
+inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted to 50 years, 126/66.5 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a broker, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever, at 47 years,
+147/69.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, who suffered from hemorrhage of lungs while at college, caused
+by “excessive running,” died at 31 years from tuberculosis, at 28 years
+having the formula 158/74 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 50 years,
+173/74 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are intermediate in build between the parents.
+Only 1 out of 5 is even fleshy.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Har-15 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English (and Welsh) extraction; grandparents living in the
+northern United States.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, a twin, who was in the Civil War and has since suffered from
+a tendency toward tuberculosis but was living at 71 years, has the formula
+150/70.5 inches; build 2.1 (30). One of his sisters died of tuberculosis at
+30 years, and one of pneumonia at 77 years. His father, who was a farmer
+and “never sick,” died of pneumonia at 47 years, and had the approximate
+formula 180/66.5 inches; build 2.9 (41). His mother, who died at 48 years
+of “abscess on the back” after years of ailing, was of slender build, say, 2.0
+(28). Thus, probably on account of the tubercular tendency, the Father’s
+build is slender like his mother.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had 11 children, had a tendency toward tuberculosis
+in youth, but in middle life suffered from “obesity, rheumatism, and varicose
+veins,” was genial and a ready and humorous talker; at 61 years her
+formula 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49). Her father, who was a traveling
+salesman and seldom ill except for “tobacco heart,” died of paralysis at
+77 years; his formula, 170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, who had
+pneumonia in middle life and suffered much from “delicate lungs,” died of a
+pulmonary abscess at 37 years; her formula, 194/63 inches; build 3.5 (49).
+Thus the Mother’s build is just like her mother’s. Of the 5 children who
+grew up:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a teacher, who has suffered from bronchitis, tuberculosis, and
+rheumatism, at 34 years has the formula 162/66 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+adjusted to 50 years, 173/66 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a mechanical engineer, always well, at 30 years has the formula
+170/68.5 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 50 years, 181/68.5 inches;
+build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, married and always well, at 26 years has the formula
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 50 years, 151/64 inches; build
+2.6 (36.9).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a millwright, who suffers from valvular heart trouble, at 26
+years has the formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years,
+150/67 inches; build 33.</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, an optometrist, always well, has at 23 years the formula 150/69.8
+inches; build 2.2 (30.6); adjusted to 50 years, 169/70 inches; build 2.1 (34).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus 3 of the children are intermediate in build between the
+parents and 2 are fleshy. The build of the children inclines slightly toward
+the fleshier side of the house; but variability between indices 40 and 33 is
+marked (R: Har-15).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">[104]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hor-9 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Dutch and English extraction, living in Pennsylvania and
+New York State. The Father, who is a manufacturer, always well, has at
+53 years the formula 218/70.5 inches; build 3.1 (44). His father, who is a
+manufacturer, and suffered in middle age from malaria and measles, is
+living, at 75 years having the formula 215/70 inches; build 3.1 (44). His
+mother, who has 5 children, always well, has at 70 years the formula
+83/S; build, say, 1.7 (24).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 2 children and who in middle age suffered from
+pneumonia, has at 52 years the formula 124/66 inches; build 2.0 (29). Her
+father, who was a cabinet-maker, always well, till at 41 years he died from
+chronic diarrhea, was a slender man. Her mother, who had 5 children, was
+always well; she died, at 24 years, of child-birth; she was of medium build.
+Two grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, who in youth suffered from measles (4 times), diphtheria, and
+pneumonia, and has undergone operations for hernia, tubercular glands,
+and appendicitis, has at 23 years the formula 116/66.5 inches; build 1.9
+(26); adjusted to 53 years, 135/66.5 inches; build 2.1 (31).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in youth suffered from typhoid fever and influenza, has
+at 20 years the formula 119/62 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 53 years,
+138/62 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children, who are quite young, are of a build intermediate
+between (or less than) that of parents, though a tendency to obesity is
+found in Father and grandfather (R: Hor-9).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">How-8 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A Vermont family of English origin. The Father, an author, was supposed
+to have had active tuberculosis in youth. He is living, at 83 years,
+with the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30). All 3 of his sibs died of
+pulmonary tuberculosis. His father, a farmer, died at 79 years, having the
+formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His mother died at 81 years,
+formula, 100/61 inches; build 1.9 (27). This is a prevailingly slender
+family with tubercular tendency.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has suffered from enlarged tonsils and inflammatory
+rheumatism, has, at 70 years, the formula 220/66 inches; build 3.6 (51).
+One of her brothers has a powerful physique. The Mother’s father, a
+legislator, died at 75 years; formula, 200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40). The
+Mother’s mother, who died at 70 years of Bright’s disease, had the formula
+200/66 inches; build 3.2 (46). This family is characterized by fleshiness.
+The 5 children are all sons:</p>
+
+<p>1. A writer, at 48, has the formula 150/65.5 inches; build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>2. A farmer, with an organic defect of the heart, has, at 47, the formula
+170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>3. A farmer, with chronic Bright’s disease, has the formula 180/70 inches;
+build 2.6 (37), at the age of 44.</p>
+
+<p>4. A teacher, troubled with rheumatism, has, at 41 years, the formula
+185/68 inches; build 2.8 (40); adjusted to 55 years, 190/68 inches; build
+2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>5. Twin to (4), a forester, has, at 41 years, the formula 180/68.5 inches;
+build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55 years, 185/68.5 inches; build 2.8 (39).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus the children are intermediate in build between parents.
+Tuberculosis is absent. Conditions that induced fleshiness on the mother’s
+side are reduced in the offspring of the slender and fleshy mating
+(R: How-8).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">[105]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Kro-3 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Russian and Austrian extraction, living in New York City.
+The Father, who is a tailor, nervous, has, at 45 years, the formula 125/66
+inches; build 2.0 (29). His father, who was a tailor, always well, died at
+85 years from pneumonia. Formula, 150/66 inches; build 2.4 (34). His
+mother, who had 5 children, always well, died at 56 years from pneumonia.
+Formula, 140/58; build 2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 3 children, has at 44 years the formula 172/61
+inches; build 3.2 (46). Her father, who was a tailor, is living at 81 years.
+Formula, 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her mother, who had 6 children,
+died at 58 years from pneumonia. Formula, 101/60 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>The only grown child, a male, who in youth suffered from diphtheria,
+scarlet fever, and pneumonia, has at 19 years the formula 203/72 inches;
+build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 45 years, 228/74 inches; build 2.8 (42).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The child is young and the possibilities of build in his case
+can not be foreseen, but he is already stout and may be expected to approach
+his fleshy Mother in build (R: Kro-3).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Tea-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from New York State. The Father, at 70 years, had the formula
+225/68 inches; build 3.4 (49).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 50 years, had the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).
+The 5 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 58 years, has the formula 225/70 inches; build 3.2 (46).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 40 years, 140/69 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years,
+145/69 inches; build 2.1 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 68 years, 130/68 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, at 60 years, 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, at 62 years, 140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—There are 2 slender children, 2 medium, and 1 very fleshy,
+suggesting a sire who is heterozygous for build (S:Tea-A).</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_III_SUMMARY"><span class="smcap">Summary.</span></h4>
+
+<p>Combining the progeny of the 4 matings of the F₁ generation,
+we get the results shown in <a href="#table30">table 30</a>. The mean of this series is
+37.82 ± 0.31; the standard deviation is 5.07 ± 0.22. It will be
+observed that the proportions of the totals agree closely with those of
+mating 1 and give a somewhat closer agreement, with the expectation
+of 8:42:42:8, than mating 1 does.</p>
+
+<p>The standard deviation of 5.07 ± 0.22 is greater than that of the
+progeny of slender × slender parents (3.17 ± 0.17), but not so great
+as that of very fleshy × fleshy parents of fleshy stock (<a href="#table24">table 24</a>) which
+is 5.74 ± 0.39. It is much less than the standard deviation of the F₂
+progeny (<a href="#table31">table 31</a>), which is 6.78 ± 0.26. This is in accordance with
+the usual genetical finding, that the F₁ generation is less variable than
+the F₂ generation. In this respect, as in so many others, the distribution
+of progeny is exactly that found in experimentally determined
+multiple-factor characters. The heredity of build follows closely the
+Mendelian formulæ.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">[106]</span></p>
+
+<p>It is noteworthy that the F₁ generation has an average build that
+is above the mean of the population; the progeny of F × S matings
+are not strictly intermediate, but incline toward fleshiness. This indicates
+again the presence of dominant fleshy factors.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table30"><span class="smcap">Table 30.</span> <i>Matings of a slender parent and one of fleshy stock,
+together with their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">No.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Nature of mating.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Grades of offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1</td>
+    <td>One parent S, of S stock; the other F, of F stock</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>2</td>
+    <td>Other slender × fleshy matings</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>3</td>
+    <td>One parent VS; the other VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>4</td>
+    <td>One parent S; the other VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">9</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">65</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">13</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">Proportion</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">[107]</span></p>
+
+<p>If one superimposes in the same drawing the distribution polygons
+of the parental and F₂ generations <a href="#table23">tables 23</a>, <a href="#table24">24</a>, <a href="#table25">25</a> and <a href="#table30">30</a> (<a href="#figure40">fig. 40</a>),
+the modes of the fleshy parents and the F₁ generation stand at fleshy,
+though the mean of the F₁ generation is intermediate between the
+means of the parental stocks.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp66" id="figure40" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure40.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 40.</span>—Three superimposed polygons showing distribution, in the various classes of build, of
+    the progeny of the following matings:</p>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Slender × slender (S × S)</td>
+    <td><a href="#table23">Table 23</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Very fleshy × fleshy (F × F)</td>
+    <td><a href="#table24">Table 24</a></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fleshy × slender (F × S)</td>
+    <td><a href="#table27">Table 27</a></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_IV"><span class="smcap">Class IV. Mating of Probably Heterozygous Parents (the F₂ Generation).</span></h4>
+
+<p>We have next to consider the distribution of build in the progeny
+of parents both of whom are certainly or probably heterozygous and,
+as such, probably carry gametes for slenderness, as well as fleshiness.
+This is the mating in which the geneticist finds evidence for segregation,
+in that the parental types reappear nearly or quite as they went
+into the combination. At any rate, this generation is characterized
+by a greater variability than the F₁ generation. However, this greater
+variability is the less marked the greater the number of factors involved
+in the prevailing dominant trait—in this case fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>Two classes of matings will be considered—that of parents, whether
+medium or fleshy, who probably carry gametes for slenderness, and
+that of other parents who are both of medium build.</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_IV_1">Mating 1. <span class="smcap">Both Parents Either Medium or Fleshy and Probably Carrying Gametes
+for Slenderness as well as Fleshiness.</span></h5>
+
+<p>This mating includes certain parents selected, usually on the
+ground of dissimilar grandparents on each side, as those which are
+probably of the F₁ generation. The families used are summarized in
+<a href="#table31">table 31</a>, which is made up of the appropriate families taken from
+<a href="#tableX">tables X</a>, <a href="#tableXI">XI</a>, and <a href="#tableXIII">XIII</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The range of variation of the F₂ generation includes both the slender
+and the fleshy types which are found in the grandparents. The
+distribution of the progeny is more in accord with the hypothesis of
+the 6-zygotic factors than that of 4-zygotic factors.</p>
+
+<p>The mean variability as measured by the standard deviation is
+6.78 ± 0.26, as contrasted with that of 5.02 ± 0.30 of <a href="#table27">table 27</a> (the
+F₁ generation). The difference is 1.76, which is more than four times
+the probable difference between the means. Thus, the variability of
+the F₂ generation is nearly a third greater than of the F₁ generation.
+That the difference is not greater is, of course, due in large part to the
+presence of multiple factors.</p>
+
+<p>The family histories upon which <a href="#table31">table 31</a> depends are given below.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bea-17 Family.</span> (<a href="#figure41">Fig. 41.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family reared in the Central States. Father (II 5) a contractor and
+farmer, who died of pneumonia at 70 years, had the formula 170/71; build
+2.4 (34); medium. Three brothers who were killed in the Civil War at 17,
+19, and 21 years respectively had the formulæ 183/72; build 2.5 (35);
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">[108]</span>169/69, build 2.5 (36); 174/69, build 2.6 (37); all about medium. A sister,
+who died at 68 years, was 138/65; build 2.3 (33); medium. The Father’s
+father was a preacher; died at 79 years, had build 185/68; 2.8 (40); fleshy.
+His wife, who died at 81 years, had build 145/62; 2.7 (38); fleshy. This
+side of the house comprises medium-build children of fleshy parents.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother (II 6), of quiet disposition, at 60 years has the build 145/66;
+2.3 (33); medium. A brother, who is a machinist, at 33 has the formula
+154/69; build 2.3 (33). Another brother, carpenter, at 30 years, has the
+formula 145/70; build 2.1 (30); medium. A sister has the formula 136/65;
+build 2.2 (32); medium. The eldest brother, a farmer, at 55 years has the
+formula 160/70; build 2.3 (33); medium. The Mother’s father, a farmer,
+died of cerebral hemorrhage at 81 years; 170/72; build 2.3 (33); medium.
+He had a brother, still living at 80 years, with a build 185/71; build 2.6
+(37); fleshy. The Mother’s mother, living at 81 years, has the formula
+140/64; build 2.4 (34); medium. Thus this side of the house is prevailingly
+of medium build. There are 4 children:</p>
+
+<p>III 1 ♂, a farmer, at 35 years, has the formula 140/69; build 2.1 (29);
+slender; adjusted to 50 years, 2.14 (30). III 2 ♂, a teacher, at 30 years,
+180/69; build 2.7 (38); fleshy; adjusted to 50 years, 2.8 (40). III 3 ♂, a
+farmer, at 31 years, 175/68; build 2.7 (38); fleshy; adjusted to 50 years,
+2.8 (40). III 4 ♀, married, at 27 years, 150/63; build 2.7 (38); fleshy;
+adjusted to 50 years, 2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A mating of prevailingly medium stock with a medium parent
+from fleshy ancestors yields one slender and 3 fleshy children (R: Bea-17).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure41" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure41.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 41.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Bea-17</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p class="center" id="table31"><span class="smcap">Table 31.</span>—<i>Matings of two heterozygous parents of either
+medium or fleshy build, together with the progeny, the F₂ generation.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2"></th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">FM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">F</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MF</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">MM</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">M</th>
+    <th rowspan="2">Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Group X, M × M:</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bea 17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td><span class="nw">4 range betw.</span> 33 and 37.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td>4 range 30 to 33.</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cas 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td>7M 1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td>1S 1M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>War 3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Whi 22</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Group XI, F × M:</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cri 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McF 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil 23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ofi 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td>6F 1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="nw">2M 3F 2VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pot 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sta 7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tra 4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">16</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Group XIII, F × F:</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ber</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td>2S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td>1S 1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hod A</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td class="nw">1M 2F 1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td>All F1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Grand total</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>A, 36.58 ± 0.51. S. D., 6.78 ± 0.26.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[7]</a> MFB has an index of 37.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">[8]</a> All of grade 38.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="label">[9]</a> Her father fleshy, mother slender.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">[109]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Cas-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English stock, living in New York State. The Father, a
+farmer and lumberman, had at 60 years the formula 160/69 inches; build
+2.4 (34). His father, also a farmer and lumberman, who died of old age at
+71 years, had at 38 years the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). His
+mother, who suffered in middle age from consumption, died at 34 years
+with the formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who died at 57 years from catarrh of the stomach, had at
+40 years the formula 130/62 inches; build 2.4 (34). Her father, an iron
+worker, who died at 75 years from fatty degeneration of heart, had the
+formula 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43). Her mother, who died at 77 years,
+had the formula 100/61 inches; build 1.9 (27). The children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, who suffered in middle life from rheumatism, had at 40 years
+the formula 140/63 inches; build 2.5 (35); adjusted to 50 years, 146/63
+inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, had at 38 years the formula 120/63 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 50 years 128/63 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, had at 35 years the formula 180/65.5 inches; build 3.0 (42);
+adjusted to 50 years, 186/65.5 inches; build 3.0 (43).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, who suffered in youth from stomach trouble, had at 32 years
+the formula 135/66 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years; 147/66
+inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, who suffered in youth from stomach and bladder trouble, had
+at 29 years the formula 190/70.5 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 50
+years, 202/70.5 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, had at 27 years the formula 155/70.5 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 50 years, 169/70.5 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The 6 children vary greatly in index of build. The index
+varies from 30 to 42, despite the similar build of the parents. But the
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">[110]</span>grandparents vary from 27 to 43. This case suggests the uniformity of
+F₁ and variability of F₂ (R: Cas-4).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Smi Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>The Father, of Scandinavian name and living in New York City, at 50
+years has a stature of 171 cm. (67 inches); weight 70 kg. (154 pounds);
+build 2.4 (34.5); medium. His father is said to have been slender, his
+mother fleshy; his sibs intermediate; one fleshy after 48 years. The Mother,
+at 41 years, has a stature 162 cm. (64 inches); weight 61 kg. (136 pounds);
+build 2.3 (33); medium; relative chest-girth 76/162, or 47 per cent. She
+has a slender brother and one who is of more medium build. Their parents
+were of medium build; their mother’s father was fleshy (build 2.7 or 39);
+their mother’s mother was “slender.”</p>
+
+<p>There is only one child of above mating. She was a full-term baby, who
+weighed 3.8 kg. (8.5 pounds), somewhat above the average. She was always
+plump as a child and, until 11 years of age, always well. Then she had
+“disease of the tonsils” and of the kidneys (infection), grew thin (weighing
+only 40 kg. [90 pounds]), and developed a chorea. After a year she recovered
+and began to gain steadily in weight, and now at the age of 13.7
+years she is 170 cm. (67 inches) tall, weighs 79 kg. (174 pounds) and has
+a build of 2.7 (39); is fleshy. Relative chest-girth 102/170, or 60 per cent.
+Her arms and calves are relatively slender, as they have recently been
+engaged in linear growth. She has monthly headaches. (<a href="#plate9">Plate 9</a>, fig. 5.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—It seems probable that this girl has received factors for
+fleshiness from each medium parent, which have combined to give her a
+full set of fleshy factors (73:736).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">War-3 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family descended from English and German stock, living in Pennsylvania
+principally.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, a nurseryman, had malarial fever at 40. He is now living
+at 67 years, with a formula 135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33). His father, a
+nurseryman and horticulturist, died at 89 from a fall. His formula was
+140/S; build, say, 2.3 (33). His mother, having had 5 sons, died at 42
+from consumption; she was slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother died, at 40, of child-birth. Her formula was 122/62 inches;
+build 2.2 (31). Her father, a miller, had a temporary attack of melancholia
+in middle age. He died at 75 from natural infirmities. His formula
+was 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41). Her mother, having had 5 sons and 8
+daughters, died of paralysis at 74. Her formula was 100/62 inches; build
+1.8 (26). Ten children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 43, has the formula 125/65.5 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted
+to 55 years, 128/65.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 41, has the formula 138/68 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted
+to 55 years, 143/68 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 39, has the formula 120/63.5 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55 years, 126.5/63.5 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, at 36, has the formula 158/72 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted
+to 55 years, 165/72 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, at 33, has the formula 127/67 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted
+to 55 years, 136/67 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, at 31, has the formula 110/64.5 inches; build 1.8 (26);
+adjusted to 55 years, 122.5/64.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">[111]</span></p>
+
+<p>7. Male, at 29, has the formula 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted
+to 55 years, 134/64 inches; build 2.3+ (33).</p>
+
+<p>8. Female, at 27, has the formula 110/62.5 inches; build 2.0 (28);
+adjusted to 55 years, 126/62.5 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>9. Male, at 25 years, has the formula 138/68.5 inches; build 2.0 (29);
+adjusted to 55 years, 152.5/68.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>10. Female, at 23 years, has the formula 132/65 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 55 years, 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Unadjusted, the indices range from 26 to 31; adjusted from
+30 to 36. Using adjusted indices, 4 of the children are slenderer than either
+parent; the parents are doubtless heterozygous in stature (R: War-3).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Whi-22 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and German extraction, living partly in New York,
+but mostly in Wisconsin and Minnesota.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, who is a constructor, is living at 56 years, having the formula
+150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32). His father, who was a farmer and laborer,
+suffered in middle age from partial paralysis, had one hand amputated at 48
+years, one foot at 72 years. He died at 79 years from “stricture of the
+bladder,” having the formula 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41). His mother,
+who is recorded to have suffered from no illness till at 79 years she died
+from “progressive paralysis,” had the formula 110/64 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who is recorded as always well, has at 54 years the formula
+150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36). Her father, who was a farmer, is recorded
+as always well, died at 55 years from paralysis, having the formula 150/70
+inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who was always well, died at 78 years
+from old age, having the formula 180/64 inches; build 3.1 (44). Two grown
+children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, who in youth suffered from adenoids, at 25 years has the formula
+145/68 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 159/68 inches; build
+2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a college student, has at 21 years the formula 110/65 inches;
+build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 55 years, 129/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—One of the children has a slighter build than the parents,
+but may grow heavier (R: Whi-22).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Cri Family.</span> (<a href="#tableXI">Table XI</a>).</h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction; earlier generations in Pennsylvania, the
+last generation in Kansas. The Father, a lawyer, living at 48 years,
+suffered in youth from pneumonia, in middle age from rheumatism, has the
+formula 165/70 inches; build 2.4 (34). His father, a farmer, suffered in
+middle age from rheumatism; at 75 years had one leg amputated below the
+knee; died from “arterio-sclerosis ending in gangrene,” having the formula
+at 74 years, 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His mother, who suffered from
+no illnesses, is living at 76 years, having the formula 110/65 inches;
+build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who is subject to heart trouble and small goiter, is living at
+43 years, having the formula 145/61 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her 4
+brothers are of medium height. Her father, a farmer and public official,
+died from paralysis at 57 years, his formula being 190/65 inches; build
+3.2 (45). Her mother, who in middle age suffered from heart trouble and
+goiter, died at 65 years from heart failure, having the formula 150/66
+inches; build 2.4 (34). The 2 grown children:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">[112]</span></p>
+
+<p>2. Female, at 21 years has the formula 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 45 years, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, died at 18 years from typhoid fever, having the formula
+120/63 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 45 years, 139/65 inches; build
+2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both the children have the build of the slighter parent
+(R: Cri-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hor-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in the Middle States. The Father,
+who is “superintendent of bridges and buildings on a railroad,” suffered in
+youth from bilious fever. He has, at 70 years, the formula 140/67.5 inches;
+build 2.2 (31). One of his brothers died from “tuberculosis of liver.” His
+father, who was a lumberman, died at 77 years from “consumption of the
+bowels”; was of medium build. His mother died, at 78 years, from Bright’s
+disease; she was corpulent.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in youth from bilious fever and pleurisy; is living,
+at 58 years. Formula, 165/63 inches; build 2.9 (42). Her father, who was
+a millwright, suffered in middle age from bilious fever and morphine
+poisoning; left eye removed; died at 75 years from “pneumonia (tubercular
+tendency)”; was of medium build. Her mother, who suffered in youth
+from typhoid fever, in middle age from paralysis, died at 68 years from
+paralysis; of fleshy build. Eight grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, an electrical engineer, has, at 33 years, the formula 155/67
+inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 55 years, 164/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in youth suffered from “spinal and nerve trouble,” has
+at 30 years the formula 115/63.8 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55
+years, 128/63.8 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a civil engineer, suffered in youth from typho-malaria. Has at
+27 years the formula 157/64 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55+ years,
+168/64 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, who has at 25 years the formula 117/63 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 134/63 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, an accountant, who in youth suffered from a “nervous collapse
+due to a severe electrical shock,” has at 23 years the formula 145/69
+inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 162/69 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, who in youth suffered from blood-poisoning, erysipelas, and
+anemia, has at 21 years the formula 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted
+to 55+ years, 133/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>7. Male, a pattern-maker, who in youth suffered from hemorrhages, has
+at 20 years the formula 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55+
+years, 150/69 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>8. Male, at 18 years has the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children’s indices range between the two parental indices
+(R: Hor-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">McF-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Irish extraction living in Maine. The Father, who was a
+shipwright, died at 40 years as a result of an injury received in battle.
+At 39 years he had the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39). His father
+died at 82 years from a “general breakdown,” having the formula 145/72
+inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had 5 children, died at 74 years from apoplexy, having
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">[113]</span>the formula at 50 years, 130/64 inches; build 2.2 (32). Her father, who
+was a farmer, died at 64 years from “fever,” having the formula 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, who in middle age was “struck by
+lightning,” died at 86 years from a “general breakdown,” having the formula
+115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). The 4 children who grew up:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a farmer, who had right arm and three fingers of left hand
+amputated as result of a wound received in war, is living at 69 years,
+having at 50 years the formula 140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in middle age underwent an operation for gallstones, has
+at 40 years the formula 110/63 inches; build 1.9 (28).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a “master mariner,” has at 50 years the formula 170/66 inches;
+build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, an attorney, has at 40 years the formula 160/67 inches; build
+2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Three of the children have indices like that of the medium
+parent; the other is somewhat fleshier (R: McF-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Mil-23 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in New England and Ohio.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, who is a clergyman, and who suffered in middle age from
+la grippe, is living at 58 years. At 50 years he had the formula 180/68.5
+inches; build 2.7 (38). His father, who was a preacher, died at 72 years.
+At 50 years, formula 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother, who had
+4 children at 30 years, suffered from typhoid fever. At 50 years, her
+formula 165/66.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 2 children, suffered in middle age from pleurisy,
+capillary bronchitis, and nervous prostration. At 50 years her formula,
+122/60.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). Her father, who was a bank president,
+suffered in youth from yellow fever (in West Indies), and in middle age
+from rheumatism and Bright’s disease. At 50 years, his formula 180/67.5
+inches; build 2.7 (40). Her mother, who in youth suffered from “lung
+fever,” and in middle age from curvature of the spine and pleurisy, died at
+50 years from “anemic condition with tuberculosis, induced by deformity.”
+At 40 years her formula 95/60 inches; build 1.9 (26). Two children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from nervous troubles and
+diphtheria, has at 33 years the formula 115/60.5 inches; build 2.2 (31);
+adjusted to 50 years, 125/60.5 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, who in youth suffered from throat troubles, diphtheria, scarlet
+fever, tonsillitis, during war had influenza, slightly gassed. He has at 27
+years the formula 180/72.5 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 50 years,
+195/72.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Each child resembles a different parent (R: Mil-23).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ofi Family, D.</span> (<a href="#figure35">Fig. 35.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 14 ♂, a Syrian, at 45 years, stature 165 cm. (65 inches), weight 63 kg.
+(139 pounds), build 2.3 (33), medium. He had 7 grown sibs, as follows:
+II 1 ♀, short and fleshy; II 3 ♀, fleshy but probably heterozygous; married
+to a slender man she has both fleshy and slender children; II 4 ♂,
+fleshy. II 7 ♂, fleshy. II 10 ♀, inclined to be fleshy but probably
+heterozygous, since she had both fleshy and slender children. II 12 ♀,
+fleshy, but has some slender as well as medium children. II 13 ♂, very
+fleshy. Of the foregoing fraternity the father was slender and the mother
+very fleshy. From the builds of his parents and the issue of his sibs we
+may conclude that II 14 carries factors for slenderness.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">[114]</span></p>
+
+<p>II 15 ♀, the wife of II 14, at 38 years has a stature of 153 cm. (60
+inches); weight 69 kg. (151 pounds); build 2.9 (42); fleshy (and has been
+fleshier); her relative chest-girth is 61 per cent. She has had 7 sibs, as
+follows: II 16 ♂, very fleshy; II 17 ♀, at 50 years, stature 151 cm. (59
+inches); weighs 56 kg. (124 pounds); build 2.5 (36); medium; relative
+chest-girth 63 per cent; II 18 ♀, “plump.” II 20 ♀, very fleshy and has 3
+slender children; II 21 ♀, “plump.” II 22 ♂, of medium build. II 23
+♀, at 31 years, stature 150 cm. (59 inches); weight 69 kg. (151 pounds);
+build 3.0 (43); fleshy; relative chest-girth 67 per cent.</p>
+
+<p>The father of the foregoing fraternity was slender and the mother fleshy.
+Hence it seems probable that some or all of the mother’s fraternity carry a
+gene for slenderness.</p>
+
+<p>The children of II 14 and 15 are 4 in number. III 14 ♀, at 16 years has
+stature of 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 44 kg. (97 pounds); build 1.9 (27);
+slender; III 15 ♀, 15 years, stature 145 cm. (57 inches); weight 85 kg.
+(187 pounds); build 4.0 (57); very fleshy; relative chest-girth, 78 per cent;
+she began to grow fleshy at 5 years; is a very heavy eater; III 16 ♀, 9 years,
+is slender, and III 17 was at 4 years a very fat baby, but is now a slender
+child.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Slenderness and fleshiness occur in the same fraternity; the
+eventual proportions can not yet be stated, since two of the children are
+very young (73:697).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Pot-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of British extraction; living chiefly in Illinois.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, who is a farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever; is
+living at 52 years, having the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3 (33). His
+father, who was a farmer and in middle age subject to heart trouble, died
+at 57 years from heart failure. His formula 170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35).
+His mother, who has always been well, is living at 77 years, having at 74
+years the formula 105/61 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 5 children, has always been well. She is living at
+48 years, having the formula 165/65 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her father,
+who was a farmer, in middle age suffered from a nervous breakdown; he
+died at 71 years of apoplexy, having the formula 150/72 inches; build 2.0
+(29). Her mother, who died at 67 years from erysipelas, had the formula
+200/68 inches; build 3.0 (43). Three grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a chemist, always well, has at 24 years the formula 160/71
+inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 50 years, 177/71 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, farmer, always well, has at 22 years the formula 155/66.5
+inches; build 2.5 (35); adjusted to 50 years, 168/66.5 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a student at college, always well, has at 18 years the formula
+135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 50 years, 156/64 inches; build
+2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children’s builds lie between those of the parents
+(R: Pot-4).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Sta-7 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of German extraction, living in the Central States.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, who is a farmer, suffered in middle age from sciatic rheumatism;
+he is living at 69 years, having the formula 165/70 inches; build
+2.4 (34). His father, who was a farmer, was always well; he died from
+apoplexy at 87 years, having the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4 (35). His
+mother died from heart trouble at 69 years, having the formula 130/67
+inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">[115]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother has always been well; she is living, at 59 years, having
+the formula 165/62 inches; build 3.0 (43). Her father, who was a carpenter
+and farmer, was always well; he died from “old age, hard work,
+and exposure” at 73 years, having the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her mother, who was always well, died from apoplexy at 72 years, having
+the formula 170/62 inches; build 3.1 (44). Six children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, who is a real-estate agent, always well, has at 34 years the formula
+166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 65 years, 174/70 inches;
+build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, married, has always been well, has at 32 years the formula
+118/M; build, say, 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a school teacher, suffered in youth from appendicitis, has at
+29 years the formula 124/S; build, say, 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a teacher, in youth suffered from typhoid fever; has at 28 years
+the formula 162/69 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 65 years, 175/69
+inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male (twin of No. 4), a salesman, has at 28 years the formula 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 65 years, 172/68 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, a teacher, always well; at 24 years has the formula 162/69
+inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 65 years, 178/69 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are fairly uniform in build, mostly falling in
+the medium class (R: Sta-7).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Tra-4 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in Canada and the eastern United
+States.</p>
+
+<p>The Father, who was a station-master, died at 86 years from diabetes,
+having the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7 (39). He was a first cousin to
+his wife. His father, who was a “customs-house officer,” died at 72 years
+from “typhoid pneumonia,” having the formula 200/72 inches; build 2.7
+(39). His mother, who had 1 child, was always well, died at 91 years
+from “old age.” Formula, 90/63 inches; build 1.6 (23).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had 6 children, was “never very strong—nervous,”
+suffered in middle age from acromegalia and diabetes mellitus, iritis, and
+cataract. She died at 65 years from acromegalia, having the formula
+140/66 inches; build 2.3 (32). One of her sisters died at 26 years from
+epilepsy; one brother died from apoplexy, “very tall and stout.” Her father,
+who was a “clerk in a freight office,” died at 76 years from pneumonia,
+having the formula 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother, who had a
+weak heart, died at 89 years from old age and apoplectic strokes; formula,
+120/M; build, say, 2.1 (30). Five grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, has at 47 years the formula 140/66 inches; build 2.2 (32);
+adjusted to 55 years, 142/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, who is a telegraph operator, suffered in youth from dyspepsia,
+has at 45 years the formula 190/71 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55
+years, 192/71 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a telegraph operator, who in youth suffered from rheumatic
+fever, has at 44 years the formula 210/71 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, a physician, has at 42 years the formula 135/68 inches; build
+29; adjusted to 55 years, 143/68 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, a draughtsman, always well, has at 39 years the formula
+210/73 inches; build 2.7 (39); adjusted to 55 years, formula 216/73 inches;
+build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children are variable (like the grandparents), ranging
+from medium to fleshy (R: Tra-4).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">[116]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ber Family.</span> (<a href="#figure42">Fig. 42.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 5, J. B., male, born in Germany, was 175 cm. tall (68.9 inches) and
+weighed 108.8 kg. (240 pounds); build 3.5 (50). He died at 79 years of
+Bright’s disease. He had 2 sisters who were slender. His wife was 152 cm.
+(59.8 inches) tall and weighed 63.5 kg. (140 pounds), build 2.7 (39). One
+of her brothers was 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighed 113 kg. (250
+pounds); build 3.4 (48); but another brother was slender, about 2.1 (30).
+This mating may or may not be of heterozygous parents.</p>
+
+<p>There were 7 children who grew up. II 4, male, 176 cm (69 inches) tall
+and weighing at the time of his death (at 50 years from “heart disease”)
+about 215 kg. (475 pounds); build 7.0 (100), an extraordinarily obese man.
+This man was fleshy as a child. The next brother (II 6) remained single,
+dying at 45 years. His stature 170 cm. (67 inches) and weight 77 kg. (170
+pounds); build 2.7 (38). The next brother, II 7, died at 54, single. He
+was 183 cm. (72 inches) tall and weighed 118 kg. (260 pounds); build 3.5
+(50); thus very fleshy. The next brother (II 8) was slender as a child
+and began to put on flesh at 19 years. His stature is 175 cm. (69 inches).
+At 25 he weighed 93 kg. (205 pounds); at 33 years, 115 kg.; at 35 years,
+136 kg.; at 41 years, 163 kg.; at 52, 172 kg. and now at 57 years over 180
+kg. or 400 pounds. This increase of weight occurred despite dieting and
+reducing exercises. He is a very hearty eater. He is fat all over the body,
+especially hips, abdomen, and shoulders. He has remained single.</p>
+
+<p>Next in order is II 10, who died at 46 years of rheumatism of the heart.
+She was 175 cm. (69 inches) tall and weighed 73 kg. (160 pounds); build
+2.4 (34) or medium. Last was a pair of twins. II 11, male, 182 cm. (72
+inches) tall and weighs 79 kg. (176 pounds); build 2.4 (34); thus medium.
+The other twin, II 12, is a woman, who at 38 is 165 cm. (65 inches) tall and
+weighs about 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.0 (43). She is thus fleshy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus 5 of the fraternity are fleshy (2 enormously obese) and
+2 are of medium build. Thus we have a proportion of 2 medium to 5 very
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">[117]</span>fleshy, approaching a 1:3 ratio; or a ratio may be recognized of 2 medium,
+3 fleshy to very fleshy, and 2 obese; approximately a 1:2:1 ratio
+(73:646).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp94" id="figure42" style="max-width: 37.5em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure42.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 42.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Ber</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hod-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction from Illinois. The Father, at 84 years,
+had the formula 230/69 inches; build 3.4 (48). Of his 4 sibs: (1) brother,
+at 60 years had the formula 200/70 inches; build 2.9 (41); (2) sister, at
+65 years, 200/64 inches; build 3.4 (49); (3) sister, at 68 years, 180/66
+inches; build 2.9 (41); (4) sister, at 60 years, 130/60 inches; build 2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 50 years, 150/63 inches; build 2.7 (38). Her mother, at
+86, had the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). The 10 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 55 years had the formula 242/69 inches; build 3.6 (51).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 60 years, 125/66 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, at 21 years, 180/69 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55 years,
+199/69 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, at 49 years, 210/67 inches; build 3.3 (47).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, at 45 years, 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, at 47 years, 225/69 inches; build 3.3 (47).</p>
+
+<p>7. Male, at 37 years, 180/66 inches; build 2.9 (41); adjusted to 55 years,
+185/66 inches; build 3.0 (43).</p>
+
+<p>8. Female, at 57 years, 125/64 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>9. Female, at 53 years, 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>10. Female, at 39 years, had the formula 200/65 inches; build 3.3 (47);
+adjusted to 55 years, 206/65 inches; build 3.4 (49).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This pedigree has a special interest because the original data
+gave the Father’s build as 26 and the Mother’s as 28. This led to correspondence
+which yielded the revised results according to which this fraternity
+is the progeny of parents who grew fleshy in their later years,
+stout instead of slender parents. Of the 10 children, 2 are slender, 1
+medium, 3 stout, and 4 very stout (S: Hod-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Mor Family.</span> (<a href="#figure24">Fig. 24.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>III 13 ♂, short, in middle life weighed 90 kg. (200 pounds); very fleshy.
+In later life he has grown slenderer. His mother was fleshy, like himself,
+but his father was slender; consequently he is heterozygous.</p>
+
+<p>III 14 ♀, wife of above, is less than 153 cm. (60 inches) tall and weighs
+about 63 kg. (140 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy. At the time of her
+marriage she weighed 43 kg. (96 pounds); build 1.9 (27); slender.
+Nevertheless, III 14 apparently contains some non-fleshy genes, as indicated
+by her 6 children:</p>
+
+<p>(1) IV 10 ♀, was stout as a child; when married at 24 years she weighed
+75 kg. (164 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy. Now, at 41 years, she is 161
+cm. (63.5 inches) tall, and weighs, net, 93 kg. (206 pounds); build 3.6 (52);
+very fleshy. For the past 7 years her weight has been invariable. Her net
+relative chest-girth is 108/161 = 68 per cent. She married a man of build
+3.7 (53), very fleshy, of relative chest-girth of 69 per cent. He is one of a
+fraternity of 7, of whom 5 are fleshy, 1 medium, and 1 slender. Their 2
+children are (<i>a</i>) ♂, who weighed 7.5 kg. (16.5 pounds) at birth, instead
+of the average of about 3 kg., and died at the age of 2 days, requiring a
+casket large enough for a year-old child; (<i>b</i>) ♀, at 13 years is 152 cm.
+(60 inches) tall, and weighs 63 kg. (139 pounds); build 2.7 (39); fleshy;
+relative chest-girth 97/152, or 64 per cent. She weighed 5.6 kg. at birth,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">[118]</span>grew slenderer to 5 years, and since then stouter. This seems like a pure
+line for fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>(2) IV 12 ♂, is of about the build 2.6 (37) or slightly fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>(3) IV 15 ♀, at 47 years is 153 cm. (60 inches) tall, and weighs 75 kg.
+(165 pounds); build 3.2 (46); very fleshy. Like her mother, she was slender
+until 39 years of age.</p>
+
+<p>(4) IV 17 ♀, at 44 years is slightly fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>(5) IV 19 ♀, is tall and “very slender”; by a very slender husband she
+has 3 children, all slender.</p>
+
+<p>(6) IV 20 ♀, at 38 years is slender.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Thus, of the 6 children, 1 is very slender, 1 is slender, 2
+fleshy, and 2 very fleshy—an exceedingly variable progeny. Evidently
+some of the gametes from both parents are responsible for the result
+(73:690).</p>
+
+<h6>REMARKS.</h6>
+
+<p>The mating of two heterozygous parents produces, in general, an
+exceptionally variable progeny. This is one of the strongest evidences
+of the presence of genetical factors in build. The result can not, so
+far as I can see, be adequately explained on any other than the
+genetical basis. As an illustration of such variability in full sibs, <a href="#plate9">plate
+9</a>, figure 4, is striking. Such differences are frequently found in the
+offspring of heterozygous parents.</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_IV_2">Mating 2. <span class="smcap">Other Medium × Medium Matings</span> (<a href="#tableX">Table X</a>).</h5>
+
+<p>This mating is important for deciding between the hypotheses (<i>a</i>)
+that medium build is the heterozygous condition between slender and
+fleshy; (<i>b</i>) that “medium” represents an hereditary type (biotype)
+as truly as slender does; (<i>c</i>) that the “medium” group is a combination
+of cases of the heterozygous condition and a distinct biotype.</p>
+
+<p>First, it appears that the mating is the commonest one in our
+records, except medium × fleshy. But this is to be expected, inasmuch
+as the medium grade of build is the commonest grade.</p>
+
+<p>Second, the variability of the progeny is small, 4.05 ± 0.11. The
+only mating that has a less variable progeny is S × S, 2.41 ± 0.17.
+This result, shown in <a href="#table12">table 12</a>, indicates that the persons of medium
+build are, for the most part, not heterozygous, but belong to a distinct
+biotype. On the other hand, M × M matings from <a href="#tableX">table X</a>, selected
+mostly on account of dissimilar build of parents, give progeny distributed
+nearly in a 1:2:1 ratio, such as is got in the second generation
+of a monohybrid. It seems probable, accordingly, that
+hypothesis (<i>c</i>) is correct, but that the cases of medium that belong to
+a distinct biotype are much more numerous than the cases of medium
+parents who are heterozygous.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">[119]</span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_IV_SUMMARY"><span class="smcap">Summary and Discussion.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The matings selected because most obviously adapted to give an
+F₂ progeny produced an offspring about one-third more variable than
+the F₁ progeny. The wide range of variability of the F₂ progeny is
+more in accordance with the hypothesis of 6 zygotic factors for build
+than that of 4 zygotic factors.</p>
+
+<p>The mating of two “medium-build” parents gives a progeny that
+is not very variable in build; not more variable than the progeny of
+the S × F mating. The result is like that obtained in studies in heredity
+of stature, where the progeny of the M × M was not extremely
+variable. This result, in the case of build, that the medium build is
+relatively invariable, suggests that some persons of medium build
+really belong to a biotype in which fleshy build is due to 4-zygotic
+factors, and that such parents are zygotically of the AAbb type, and
+produce offspring of whom 100 per cent are again of that type. Examples
+would seem to be found in the following families with 4 or
+more children: Bat-2, Bea-7, Kel-4a, Old-2, Rig-1, War-3. There
+is, of course, genetical justification for the assumption that the same
+character may in certain strains be due to 3 gametic factors, in others
+to only 2. This is especially well shown in susceptibility to tumor-growth
+of mice.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_V"><span class="smcap">Class V. The “Back-Cross.”</span></h4>
+
+<p>The mating of heterozygous individuals with the “pure” recessives
+of the parental stock, as well as with “pure” dominants, is an important
+procedure in genetics, in order to determine the number of factors
+involved in the trait. This mating is of especial importance in detecting
+“crossing over,” but our data are insufficient to permit use for
+this purpose. Though the total of our data is considerable, yet the
+nature of traits due to multiple factors is such that the table has to be
+broken up into a large number of small ones, of which the “constants”
+are subject to large probable errors. It seems best to distinguish
+two kinds of matings: (1) heterozygous medium or fleshy × slender,
+and (2) heterozygous fleshy × fleshy (or very fleshy) of fleshy stock.</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_V_1">Mating 1. <span class="smcap">Heterozygous Medium or Fleshy × Slender.</span></h5>
+
+<p>The data for this analysis are in <a href="#table32">table 32</a>, which contains the apparently
+most significant matings from Appendix <a href="#tableIII">tables III</a>, <a href="#tableIV">IV</a>, and <a href="#tableVIII">VIII</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The totals of <a href="#table32">table 32</a>, <i>b</i> + <i>c</i>, give the following proportions: 3 VS,
+26 S, 36 M, 20 F, 4 VF.</p>
+
+<p>The matings of 4-factor and 2-factor parents respectively give a
+distribution of two types. Uniting these (on the assumption that
+they are equally numerous), we get proportions as follows: 3 VS,
+25 S, 44 M, 25 F, 3 VF.</p>
+
+<p>This theoretical series is of the same general type as that given by
+the data, and the agreement (considering all of the unknown factors)
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">[120]</span>is fairly close. The details of the family histories included in <a href="#table32">table
+32</a> are given below.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table32"><span class="smcap">Table 32.</span>—<i>Matings of a heterozygous parent, of either
+medium or fleshy build, and a slender parent, together with the progeny
+of this back-cross.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="14">(<i>a</i>) <span class="smcap">From
+    <a href="#tableIII">Table III</a></span>, VS × M (S).</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Ref.</th>
+    <th colspan="8">Parentage.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>FF</th>
+    <th>FM</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>MF</th>
+    <th>MM</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ach 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bic 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td>4t</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gru 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td>1t</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ise 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td>1S 1M 3F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wit 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">t</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22</td>
+    <td>2t</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="14" class="bt footnote">A, 32.34 ± 0.59. S. D., 4.38 ± 0.42.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="14">(<i>b</i>) <span class="smcap">From
+    <a href="#tableIV">Table IV</a></span>, VS × F (S).</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hol A</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Law A</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">24</td>
+    <td>1S 1M 2F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wat 5</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td>1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td>4S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th colspan="14">(<i>c</i>) <span class="smcap">In part
+    from <a href="#tableVIII">Table VIII</a></span>, S × F (S).</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gui 3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hok 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hot 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hul 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kie</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Leo (a)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td>4S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td>3S 3F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Leo (b)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lyn 2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mer B</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor (a)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor (b)</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td>2S 2F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor (c)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td>1S 1M 4F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td>1S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pad 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rid 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F(?)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M(?)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td>3F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rom 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td>3t</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td>1S 1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td>1M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wat</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">20</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td colspan="14" class="bt footnote">A, 33.67 ± 0.40. S. D., 5.58 ± 0.28.</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">[121]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ach-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and probable Scotch stock. The family residence is
+now located in Oregon, in which State the 3 children of the third generation
+were born. The Father, a mechanic, inclined to rheumatism and nervousness,
+has at 50 years the formula 150/69 inches; build 2.3 (32). His sibs
+are all tall (and presumably slender). His father, a farmer, died when
+78 years old, having at 40 years the formula 150/69 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+His mother, after having borne 6 sons and 5 daughters, died of cancer at
+70 years. At that time she had the formula 125/62 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+Thus, the Father’s fraternity, though their parents were of medium build,
+apparently carries a slender tendency.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffers from “rheumatism”; she is “always busy” and is
+living at 51 years, with the formula 93/61 inches; build 1.8 (25). Her
+father, a farmer, died at 82 with the formula 150/69 inches; build 2.2 (32).
+Her mother, having had 5 sons and 4 daughters, died of “heart trouble”
+at 42 years. She had the formula 100/61 inches; build 1.9 (27). Thus this
+side of the house inclines toward slenderness. The 3 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a bookkeeper and “nervous,” at 26 has the formula 95/65
+inches; build 1.6 (23); adjusted to 50 years, 112/65 inches; build 1.8 (27).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a bookkeeper, and “energetic” and “nervous,” at 22 has the
+formula 120/67 inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted to 50 years, 139/67 inches;
+build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a bookkeeper and “energetic, impulsive, and agile,” has at 23
+the formula 112/63 inches; build 1.9 (28); adjusted to 50 years, 129/63
+inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A medium Father of medium and slender stock marries a
+slender, nervous woman who has a slender mother. One of the children is
+exceptionally slender and two are slender according to the unadjusted index.
+It is very doubtful if the most slender child would ever acquire the adjusted
+index of 27, though children Nos. 2 and 3, energetic and agile at 23 and 22
+years respectively, with builds 1.9 (28) and 2.0 (27), may well acquire a
+medium build by maturity if they become less active (R: Ach-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Bic-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and French extraction living mostly in Kentucky
+and Indiana. The Father, a newspaper publisher, suffered in youth from
+typhoid fever. He is living at 52 years, having at 45 years the formula
+175/72 inches; build 2.4 (34). His father, a justice of the peace, died at
+39 years from pulmonary tuberculosis contracted during the Civil War.
+At 26 years he had the formula 140/70 inches; build 20 (29). His mother,
+who had 4 children, suffered in middle age from cancer. She is living at 76
+years. At 40 years her formula was 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). Thus the
+father is of mixed ancestry; he is probably heterozygous in respect to build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has been subject to tuberculosis of throat and lungs. She is
+living at 51 years, having at 45 years the formula 102/64 inches; build 1.7
+(24). Four of her sibs died from tuberculosis of throat and lungs. Her
+father, a revenue collector, suffered in youth from rheumatism and in middle
+age from “very bad throat trouble.” He died at 85 years from old age.
+At 45 years he was of medium build. Her mother, who had 9 children,
+always well, died at 85 years from malignant tumor. At 45 years she
+was slender. This side of the house is very slender, largely on account of
+tuberculosis. The grandfather is of medium build; the grandmother was
+nervously active and slender. The 3 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a social worker, who in youth suffered from diphtheria,
+tonsillitis, and adenoids, has at 23 years the formula 105/64 inches; build
+1.8 (26); adjusted to 45 years, 2.1 (29). (R: Bic-1.)</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a college graduate, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis,
+scarlet fever, and appendicitis and had a tendency to consumption, has at
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">[122]</span>22 years the formula 126/66 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 45 years,
+142/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a student, who has a “nervous temperament,” has at 18 years
+the formula 124/67 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 45 years, 143/67
+inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The tuberculous tendency of the Mother’s fraternity and of
+the Father’s father reappears in at least one of the children. None is as
+slender as the Mother, and all approach the medium grade (R: Bic-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Gru-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and German extraction living mostly in Pennsylvania
+and New Jersey. The Father, a school-teacher and principal, is living at
+52 years, having had at 45 years the formula 134/66 inches; build 2.2 (31).
+One of his brothers died of “consumption” and was apparently slender.
+His father, a farmer, often mentally depressed, is living at 75 years, and has
+a “medium” build. His mother, who had 10 children, and who suffered
+in middle age from rheumatism, is living at 73 years, and is of “medium”
+build. Thus the paternal inheritance is toward medium build; the father
+possibly heterozygous.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in middle age from inflammatory rheumatism; she
+has at 40 years the formula 106/66 inches; build 1.7 (24). Her father,
+a farmer, of medium build, died at 77 years from pneumonia. Her mother,
+who had 6 children, died at 77 years from arterio-sclerosis; she was slender.
+Thus the maternal build is prevailingly slender, though the grandfather is
+of medium build. The 3 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, a teacher, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 20
+years the formula 110/65 inches; build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 42 years,
+125/65 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from infantile paralysis, has
+at 18 years the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 42 years,
+136/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 13 years, has already the build of her next older sister.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All the children have a heavier build than the slenderer
+parent and approach a medium build (R: Gru-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Ise-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Swiss and French origin living in Kansas. The Father, who
+is of Swiss parentage, a farmer, is living at 86 years, having the formula
+150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32). His father, a farmer, died of consumption,
+having the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26). His mother, who had
+8 children, died at 82 years from pneumonia, having the formula 130/65
+inches; build 2.2 (31). This side of the house is of mixed slender-medium
+build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has had 11 children, is of French-Swiss stock and has
+been a farmer’s wife in Kansas. She has been operated upon for glaucoma,
+is living at 72 years, and has the formula 88/62 inches; build 1.6 (23).
+Her father, a farmer, died from neuralgia of heart, having the formula
+130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who had 3 children, died at 46
+years, suddenly, perhaps from appendicitis, having the formula 115/65
+inches; build 1.9 (27). The maternal side of the house has thus a build
+ranging from very slender to slender-medium. The 8 children about whom
+information is given are:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">[123]</span></p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a college professor, died at 42 years after an operation for
+appendicitis, having the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted
+to 55+ years, 129/68 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a librarian, who in youth suffered from pneumonia, in middle
+age from a nervous breakdown, has at 47 years the formula 112/60 inches;
+build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, a stenographer, who in middle age suffered from fever (in
+Africa), has at 45 years the formula 117/63 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a college professor, always well, has at 41 years the formula
+170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 55+ years, 175/70 inches; build
+2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>5. Male, a merchant, has at 39 years the formula 160/70 inches; build
+2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years, 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, a merchant, who in youth suffered from acute rheumatism and
+leakage of heart, has at 36 years the formula 165/72 inches; build 2.2 (32);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 172/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>7. Male, an editor, who in middle age has suffered from pleurisy and
+pneumonia, has at 33 years the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30);
+adjusted to 55+ years, 159/71 inches; build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>8. Male, a newspaper reporter, of unknown build.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All children, except the first, who was of a nervous, active
+type and died prematurely, are of medium build, mostly slightly fleshier
+than the stockier parent (R: Ise-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Mil-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family probably of old American (English) stock, living in Los Angeles,
+California. The Father, at 70 years, had the formula 170/68.5 inches;
+build 2.5 (36). Of his sibs, 1 is slender, 1 medium, and 4 are fleshy. His
+father, at 70 years, had the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39). His
+mother, at 70 years, had the formula 120/66 inches; build 1.9 (28). Thus
+the Father is of mixed fleshy and slender origin.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 85 years, had the formula 100/67 inches; build 1.6 (22).
+Her father, at 70 years, 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (35). Her mother, at 70
+years, 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30). Thus, the maternal parent is very
+slender with slender to medium grandparents. The 6 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 56 years, has the formula 224/72 inches; build 3.1 (43).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 53 years, 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 27 years, 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55
+years, 148/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, at 64 years, 100/68 inches; build 1.5 (22).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, at 50 years, 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, at 59 years, 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children vary from slender to fleshy; thus two have a
+heavier build than any ancestor described (S:Mil-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Wit-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and Irish extraction; paternal grandparents living
+in the Middle States and California. The Father, a merchant, suffered in
+middle age from pneumonia. He is living at 75 years. At 70 years his
+formula was 155/69 inches; build 2.3 (33). His father, a farmer, died at
+86 years from dropsy. At 70 years his formula was 140/73 inches; build
+1.8 (26). His mother, who had 8 children, died from consumption. At 50
+years she was of medium build. Thus this side of the house is prevailingly
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">[124]</span>of medium build, but the Father’s father was slender, consequently the
+Father is probably heterozygous for build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered in middle age from insanity and consumption, having
+the formula 100/68 inches; build 1.5 (22). Two of her 4 sibs who
+reached maturity died from consumption. Their father, a farmer, died at
+74 years from bladder trouble. At 50 years he was of medium build. Their
+mother, who had 4 children, died from consumption. In this family the
+very slender stature is probably controlled by lung tuberculosis. The 3
+children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a machinist, who was accidentally killed at 19 years, 145/69
+inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 168/71 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, retired, who in youth suffered from dysentery and pneumonia;
+in middle age from indigestion, internal catarrh, tuberculosis, appendicitis,
+and malaria, has at 44 years the formula 140/69.5 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, who was “very healthy” in youth, but in middle age had
+mental “nervous troubles,” has at 40 years the formula 100/64 inches;
+build 1.7 (24); adjusted to 55 years, 106/64 inches; build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children of this mating are mixed slender to medium;
+one of the children is feeble-minded and is very slender; one who is slender
+has had active tuberculosis and much other illness; the third, who died at
+19, had an average build. The record is complicated by disease (R: Wit-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hol-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from Illinois. The Father at 55 years has the formula: 180/68
+inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 50 years, has the formula: 100/66 inches; build 1.6 (23).
+The 9 children are:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Female, at 30 years, has the formula 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43);
+adjusted to 55 years, 194/65 inches; build 3.2 (46).</p>
+
+<p>(2) Male, at 30 years, 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55
+years, 139/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>(3) Male, at 27 years, 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55
+years, 183/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>(4) Male, at 25 years, 165/74 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55
+years, 184/74 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>(5) Male, at 29 years, 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55
+years, 151/68 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>(6) Male, at 26 years, 125/72 inches; build 1.7 (24).</p>
+
+<p>(7) Female, at 24 years, 140/69 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55
+years, 161/69 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>(8) Female, at 22 years, 110/72 inches; build 1.5 (21); adjusted to 55
+years, 130/72 inches; build 1.8 (25).</p>
+
+<p>(9) Female, at 20 years, has the formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7 (24);
+adjusted to 55 years, 119/64 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children vary greatly from very slender to stout or even,
+adjusted, to very stout. One of them is much stouter than either parent.
+Probably the Father is heterozygous (S:Hol-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Law-A Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family from Georgia. The Father, at 30 years, had the formula 200/68
+inches; build 3.0 (43). His brothers were “all stout.” His father, at 30
+years, had the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34). The fleshy father
+carries factors for at least medium build.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">[125]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 30 years, had the formula 100/65 inches; build 1.7 (24).
+Her brothers were all of “medium” build. Her sisters are: 1 slender, 1
+medium, and 2 fleshy. Their father, at 30 years, had the formula 170/70
+inches; build 2.4 (35). The 4 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 30 years, had the formula 190/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, at 30 years, 110/61 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, at 30 years, 100/60 inches; build 2.0 (28).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, at 30 years, 130/61 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A fleshy man of medium stock has by a very slender woman
+of mixed stock in respect to build, 4 children—2 slender, 1 medium, and
+1 fleshy (S:Law-A).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Wat-5 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction; grandparents living in Massachusetts,
+Michigan, England, Utah, and Montana; parents and children living in
+Utah and Montana. The Father, a miner, suffered in middle age from
+pneumonia and died at 64 years from chronic bronchitis. At 60 years his
+formula was 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, a farmer, died at
+37 years. The Father had a fleshy sister, at least 3 of whose children were
+fleshy. His mother died at 38 years. Apparently, a fleshy strain on the
+Father’s father’s side; Father’s mother’s side unknown.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who had 7 children, suffered in youth from scarlet fever and
+lung fever, is living at 60 years, having the formula 107/65.5 inches; build
+1.8 (25). Her 4 sibs are “thin.” Their father, a lawyer, suffered at 23 years
+from scarlet fever, died from an accident at 42. Two of his sibs were “very
+large” and tall. Her mother, who had 9 children, died at 76 years from
+pneumonia; she was slender and so was her sister. Thus the slender Mother
+has both slender and fleshy close relations. The 5 children who grew up are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, married, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has at 37
+years the formula 109/67 inches; build 1.7 (24); adjusted to 55 years,
+119/67 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a miner, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, tonsillitis, and
+throat trouble, has at 34 years the formula 185/71 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+adjusted to 55 years, 193/71 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, married, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has, at 31
+years, the formula 128/66 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years,
+143/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, married, who in youth suffered from throat trouble, underwent
+a tonsillectomy and appendectomy, has at 25 years the formula 120/65.5
+inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 138/65.5 inches; build 2.3 (32).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, married, has at 21 years, the formula 120/65.5 inches; build
+2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 140/65.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The adjusted build of the children show 1 slender (unadjusted,
+very slender), 3 medium, and 1 fleshy, suggesting a heterozygous
+parentage. This family has been placed in this category, despite absence
+of information about the Father’s parents, because of the great variability
+of the children (R: Wat-5).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Gui-3 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of Scandinavian extraction, living mostly in Kansas. The
+Father, a farmer, who suffered in middle age from asthma, has at 74 years
+the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">[126]</span></p>
+
+<p>The Mother has at 60 years the formula 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39).
+Her father, a farmer, died at 83 years from senile dementia. At 75 years
+his formula was 150/S inches; build, say, 2.4 (34). Her mother, who had
+6 children, died at 84 years, “probably senility.” At 75 years her formula
+was 120/M inches; build, say, 2.1 (30). The 8 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, married, suffered in youth and middle age from heart trouble,
+following rheumatism. At 40 years she has the formula 110/62 inches;
+build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 116/62 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from rheumatism, has at 33
+years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years,
+144/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, who died at 16 years from operation for rectal tumor.</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a real-estate dealer, who in youth suffered from asthma, has at
+33 years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years,
+144/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, a nurse, who in youth suffered from anterior poliomyelitis
+(complete recovery), has at 31 years the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6
+(37); adjusted to 55 years, 162/64 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, a farmer, has at 29 years the formula 153/70 inches; build 2.2
+(31); adjusted to 55 years, 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>7. Female, has at 27 years the formula 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36);
+adjusted to 55 years, 166/65 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>8. Male, a farmer, has at 24 years the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3
+(33); adjusted to 55+ years, 164/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—One-half of the children may be expected to exceed the mean
+build of the parents, and 2 to equal or exceed the fleshy build of the Mother
+(R: Gui-3).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hok-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of German and English extraction, living in Illinois, Colorado,
+and Iowa. The Father, who is a carpenter, always well, is living at 63
+years, having the formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, who
+was a manufacturer, always well, died at 72 years from a fistula. At 72
+years his formula 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (36). The father’s mother died
+at about 48 years; was of slender build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, always well, has at 62 years the formula 105/62 inches;
+build 1.9 (27). Her father, who was a coal-mine owner, died at 46 years
+from exposure during Civil War. At 45 years his formula 140/67 inches;
+build 2.2 (31). Her mother, always well, died at 87 years from old age.
+Formula, 145/64 inches; build 2.5 (35). Two grown children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a surveyor, who in youth suffered from typhoid, has at 34 years
+the formula 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years, 168/70
+inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, always well, has at 26 years the formula 165/72 inches; build
+2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 181/72 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—Both children are of medium build, fairly close to that of the
+fleshier parent (R: Hok-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hot-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living mostly in New York State. The
+Father, who is a carpenter, suffered in middle age from pneumonia. He is
+living at 51 years, having the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">[127]</span>father, who was a farmer, died at 69 years from apoplexy; was of medium
+build. His mother, who had 6 children, at 50 years was slender.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother is living at 50 years, having the formula 150/61 inches; build
+2.8 (40). Her father, who was a grocer, suffered in youth from rheumatism;
+in middle age from typhoid fever. He died at 61 years from Bright’s disease.
+At 61 years he was slender. Her mother, who had 3 children, was
+always well. She died at 79 years from cerebral hemorrhage; she was said
+to be slender.</p>
+
+<p>One son, a teacher, always well, has at 25 years the formula 140/67
+inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years, 151/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The son is intermediate in build between the parents
+(R: Hot-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hul-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A rural New York family of prevailingly English origin. The Father, a
+business man, always well, had, at 50 years, the formula 140/68 inches;
+build 2.1 (30). His father, who died of “rheumatism of the stomach” at
+80 years, had the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34). His mother, who
+died at 82 years of old age, with dropsical tendencies, had the formula
+95/62 inches; build 1.7 (25). This family has a build at or below the
+average.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who suffered much from sick headache and “rheumatism,”
+and in later years from diabetes mellitus, had, at 50 years, the formula
+150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her father, who suffered from migraine, had
+the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, always well, died
+at 78 years of gradual decay; her formula, at 50 years, 115/65 inches; build
+1.9 (27). The Mother is doubtless heterozygous. There are 7 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, who has had pneumonia and suffers from migraine, has, at 38,
+the formula 100/62.5 inches; build 1.8 (26).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, a teacher, married, at 37 years, 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, married, and died at 35 years of Addison’s disease, 105/65
+inches; build 1.8 (25).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, who has been operated on for tubercular neck glands, at 34
+years, 115/62 inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, who suffered in youth from tachycardia, at 28 years, 100/65.5
+inches; build 1.6 (23).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, who has suffered from migraine and rheumatism and had an
+attack of pneumonia, at 27 years, 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted
+to 50 years, 119/64 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p>7. Male, well, at 20 years, 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to
+50 years, 158/68 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—On the whole the children are <i>below</i> the average build, like
+the slender parent (R: Hul-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Kie Family.</span> (<a href="#figure43">Fig. 43.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 1 ♂, a slender German. His wife, II 2 ♀, fleshy. Their 4 children
+of whose build something is known: III 1 ♂, fleshy; III 2 ♂, slender, over
+6 feet tall, married to a fleshy woman, has 6 tall, slender daughters. III
+4 ♀, died of “heart disease”; slender. III 7 ♂, died at 56 of cancer of the
+lungs, weight in health 82 kg. (180 pounds); stature 178 cm. (70 inches);
+build 2.6 (37), fleshy. Thus 2 are fleshy and 2 slender.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—From the variability of the offspring we infer that the fleshy
+Mother was heterozygous in build (73-670).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp83" id="figure43" style="max-width: 31.25em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure43.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 43.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Kie</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">[128]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Leo Family, A.</span> (<a href="#figure23">Fig. 23.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 7 ♂, slender with 4 slender sibs. Their parents both slender. His
+wife, II 8 ♀, at 36 years, has a stature of 152 cm. (60 inches); weight
+84 kg. (184 pounds); build 3.6 (51); very fleshy; relative chest-girth
+112/52, or 74 per cent. She has 3 fleshy and 2 slender sibs. Of their
+parents one was fleshy and one slender. Thus II 8 is heterozygous.</p>
+
+<p>III 4, the only child, at 9 years, has a relative chest-girth of 57 per cent;
+fleshy.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Leo Family, B.</span></h6>
+
+<p>I 5 ♂, slender, and I 6 ♀, whose build is about 3.6 (51), or very fleshy,
+have 6 children of whom something is known, as follows: II 8 ♀, build 3.6
+(51), very fleshy; II 11 ♀, fleshy; II 15 ♀, slender; II 16 ♀, slender, married
+to a slender man and has 3 slender children; II 12 ♂, of medium
+stature and 95 kg. (210 pounds) weight; build, say, 3.2 (45); very fleshy;
+II 13 ♀, of tall stature and 91 kg. (200 pounds) weight; build, say, 3.2
+(46); very fleshy. Thus there are 3 very fleshy, 1 fleshy, and 2 slender
+children. The Mother’s heterozygosity is inferred from the variability of
+the progeny in build.</p>
+
+<p>II 14 ♂, fleshy, and II 15 ♀, slender, have 2 sons, both slender (73:676).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Lyn-2 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of prevailingly English stock, living in Illinois and Nebraska.
+The Father, who was a farmer and school-teacher, died at 65 years from
+cancer of stomach. Formula, 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father,
+who was a farmer, died at 76 years from pneumonia; he was slender. His
+mother, who had 10 children, is living and is corpulent. Thus the Father is
+heterozygous.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, who has 1 child, has at 49 years the formula 120/64 inches;
+build 2.1 (29). Her father, who is a carpenter, always well, is at 70 years
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">[129]</span>slender. Her mother, who had 4 children, died at 36 years from pneumonia;
+she was of medium build. One child, female, a kindergarten teacher, has
+at 19 years the formula 110/63 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55+
+years, 130/63 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The child is now like the slender parent and will probably
+increase somewhat in build (R: Lyn-2).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Mer-B Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction from Rochester, New York. The Father,
+at 21 years, had the formula 200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40). His father had
+the formula 250/73 inches; build 3.3 (47). His mother had the formula
+130/70 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 21 years, had the formula 96/61 inches; build 1.8 (25).
+Her father had the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother had
+the formula 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36). Five children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, at 21 years, had the formula 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, at 21 years, 170/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>4. Female, 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All 5 children are intermediate between the parents; 1 is
+fleshy, 1 slender (S:Mer-B).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Mor Family.</span> (<a href="#figure24">Fig. 24.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>(<i>a</i>) II 1 ♂, stature 181 cm. (71 inches); weight 13 kg. (200 pounds);
+build 3.5 (50); very fleshy. Married II 2, a slender woman. They had
+7 sons, 2 fleshy, 5 medium, and 6 daughters, 1 fleshy and 5 medium. Thus
+3 fleshy and 10 of medium build. To save space only 5 are represented in
+<a href="#figure24">figure 24</a>.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>b</i>) IV 16 ♂, slender, married IV 17 ♀, fleshy, who has 2 fleshy and
+2 slender sibs; and both parents fleshy. They have 4 living children, all
+slender.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>c</i>) IV 5 ♂, fleshy with 4 fleshy, 1 medium, and 1 slender sibs and a
+fleshy and medium parent; married IV 6, slender, with a slender sister.
+They had 2 sons, both slender (73:690).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Pad-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction, living in the middle West. The Father,
+a horticulturist, subject in middle life to catarrh, is living at 55 years,
+having had at 50 years the formula 145/72 inches; build 2.0 (28). His
+father, a farmer, who in youth suffered from measles and bronchitis, and
+in middle age from liver trouble, died at 59 years from complication of
+stomach and liver diseases. At 55 years his formula 145/68 inches; build
+2.2 (31). His mother is living at 80 years, having the formula 160/68
+inches; build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother, at 49 years, had the formula 145/63 inches; build 2.6 (37).
+Her father, a merchant and farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever
+and congestion of the brain. He died at 86 years from old age, having had
+at 70 years the formula 170/72 inches; build 2.3 (33). Her mother died
+at 83 years of old age, having the formula 95/64 inches; build 1.6 (23).
+The only grown child is a male, a student, who in youth suffered from
+measles and catarrh, has at 21 years the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4
+(35); adjusted to 50 years, 171/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">[130]</span></p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The only grown child is like his stouter parent in build
+(R: Pad-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Rom-1 Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of prevailing English stock, living in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
+and Kansas. The Father, who is a lawyer, has at 72 years the formula
+170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38). Three of his brothers died at 26 years,
+41 years, and 22 years respectively, from tuberculosis; all were of medium
+height. Their father, who was a “farmer and blacksmith,” died at 76 years
+from Bright’s disease; was slender. Their mother, who had 5 children, died
+at 55 years from “tuberculosis of the liver”; was corpulent. The Father
+is doubtless heterozygous in build.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother has at 67 years the formula 119/65 inches; build 2.0 (28).
+One of her sisters, who was tall, died from “quick consumption”; another
+from diabetes; another from dropsy. Two of her brothers, tall, died from
+hardening of the arteries, another from “leakage of the heart,” and another
+from dropsy. Their father, who was a miller, died at 76 years—“a complication
+of diseases (asthma).” He was corpulent. Their mother, who had
+10 children, died at 72 years from pneumonia; was of medium build. The
+7 children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Female, married, who in middle age suffered from rheumatism, has at
+44 years the formula 155/64 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55 years,
+158/64 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from malarial fever, has at 41
+years the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years,
+155/68 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, a farmer, has at 38 years the formula 155/68 inches; build 2.4
+(34); adjusted to 55 years, 161/68 inches; build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, who died at 18 years from diphtheria, having the formula
+145/72 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 171/72 inches; build
+2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, married, has at 31 years the formula 115/65 inches; build
+1.9 (27); adjusted to 55 years, 132/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>6. Male, a farmer, has at 28 years the formula 160/71 inches; build
+2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 174/71 inches; build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>7. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis, scarlet fever,
+and other “children’s” diseases, has at 22 years the formula 118/64 inches;
+build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 136/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—All except one on the adjusted weights equal or exceed the
+mid-parent index. One of the 7 children is as fleshy as the fleshier parent
+(R: Rom-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Rid Family.</span> (<a href="#figure48">Fig. 48.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>III 9 ♂, at 59 years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 73 kg. (160
+pounds); build 2.9 (42); fleshy; “as fat as butter when a child.” He has
+3 fleshy sibs and his parents are dissimilar in build; hence he is heterozygous;
+married to III 10 ♀, slender, of two slender parents.</p>
+
+<p>Of their 2 children, IV 3 ♀, at 30 years is slender; IV 4 ♂, at 16 years,
+slender (73:727).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Van Family.</span> (<a href="#figure44">Fig. 44.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 3 ♂, died at 51 years of heart disease, stature 170 cm. (67 inches);
+weight 86 kg. (190 pounds); build 3.0 (42); fleshy. He was one of a
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">[131]</span>fraternity of 8 of whom something is known of the following: I 1 ♂,
+slender; I 2 ♂, stature 183 (72 inches); weight 90 kg. (200 pounds);
+build 2.7 (38.5); fleshy; slender as a child. I 3, married I 4, who died at
+32, was tall, slender, angular. A brother is of medium build.</p>
+
+<p>They have 5 children: II 1 ♂, died at 53 years of indigestion; stature
+189 cm. (74 inches); weight 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 2.6 (37); fleshy.
+II 2 ♀, always slender. II 3 ♀, slender. II 4 ♂, at 54, stature 175 cm.
+(69 inches); weight 88 kg. (194 pounds); build 2.9 (41); fleshy. Relative
+chest-girth 108 ÷ 175, or 62 per cent. He first began to increase in build
+at 22 years and at 30 years had his present build; loses weight after vigorous
+exercise. He married a woman (II 5) who, like himself, was slender
+in youth, but began to grow fleshy at 39, and now has a build of 2.9 (41).
+She has 2 slender, 2 fleshy, and 2 very fleshy sibs, and her parents were
+both very fleshy. The foregoing couple (II 4, 5) have 2 children who grew
+up. III 1 ♀ at 28 years, keeps slender by constant dieting. III 2 ♂ (one
+of twins) at 25 years, very slender, nervous, and irritable. The children
+have not yet reached the age when their mother became fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, II 7 ♀, at 50 years, is 170 cm. (67 inches) tall and weighs 88
+kg. (195 pounds); build 3.1 (43); fleshy. She was slender up to 27 years
+of age. She is married to a somewhat fleshy man and their daughter at
+27 is of medium build, but beginning to grow fleshy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The mating of a man of build 3.0, of a fraternity that is
+variable in build, and a woman of slender build yields grown children with
+following builds: 2.6, “slender,” “slender,” 2.9 (slender in youth), and 3.1
+(slender in youth). Three of the five become fleshy, but probably only late
+in life—the heterozygous reaction (73:745).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp92" id="figure44" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure44.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 44.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Van</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Wat Family.</span></h6>
+
+<p>A family of English extraction living in Wyoming. The Father, who has
+tuberculosis, has the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27). His father
+was slender and of average height. His mother was fleshy and of average
+height.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother had at 50 the formula 165/64 inches; build 2.8 (40), but
+averaged usually from 120 to 128 pounds. She had stomach trouble. Her
+father, an invalid and sufferer from tuberculosis, rheumatism, neuralgia,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">[132]</span>heart trouble, and dropsy, had the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26).
+His weight varied from 102 to 120 pounds; very slender. Her mother, who
+had a goiter of which she was cured, and quinsy, had the formula 140/56
+inches; build 3.1 (45). The mother’s father’s father had the formula
+180/73.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). His weight varied from 180 to 200 pounds.
+He was muscular, not fat. The Mother’s father’s mother was always thin
+and had the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). She had liver trouble
+and cancer of the face. The Mother’s mother’s father had cancer of the
+face and underwent an operation for it. His formula was 125/65 inches;
+build 2.1 (30). The Mother’s mother’s mother had at 70 years the formula
+160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). She grew heavier in middle age. The
+children are:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, liable to tuberculosis, has at 24 years the formula 134/67.5
+inches; build 2.1 (30).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male, has weak lungs; has at 22 years the formula 170/67.5 inches;
+build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Male, has at 18 years the formula 126/68 inches; build 1.9 (27).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The children show the usual variability that arises from this
+type of mating (D:Wat.).</p>
+
+<h5 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_V_2">Mating 2. <span class="smcap">Fleshy × Heterozygous Fleshy Parents.</span></h5>
+
+<p>This includes matings between a heterozygous parent of fleshy
+build and a very fleshy (or fleshy) parent of fleshy stock; a back-cross
+to the more nearly dominant type.</p>
+
+<p>The matings of this type are as shown in <a href="#table33">table 33</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table33"><span class="smcap">Table 33.</span>—<i>Matings between a probably homozygous fleshy and
+a heterozygous fleshy parent, together with the progeny of this back-cross.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Ref.</th>
+    <th colspan="8">Parentage.</th>
+    <th colspan="5">Offspring.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>FF</th>
+    <th>FM</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>MF</th>
+    <th>MM</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hud</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">38</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jon 11c</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td class="nw">1VF 3F 5M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+    <td>2F 4M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pal</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43</td>
+    <td>1S 3F 1VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rec (a)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td>2F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td>2F 1S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rec (b)</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="nw">2VF 2F 1M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rid</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">S</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">49±</td>
+    <td>4F 2M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi</td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">VF</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td>1F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>The 1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">F</td>
+    <td>1F 4S</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34</td>
+    <td>2S 1M</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wen</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">M</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37</td>
+    <td>2F</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Total</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt"></td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">21</td>
+    <td class="tdr bt">19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdr">Proportions</td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="tdr"></td>
+    <td class="tdr">3.6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.9</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p>A = 40.48 ± 0.57. S. D. 6.36 ± 0.41.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>These 9 matings yielded 56 children, with the following percentage
+distribution: 4 S, 25 M, 37 F, 34 VF. The 6-zygotic-factor
+mating 5 × 3 (both possibilities) gives a percentage distribution of
+3 S, 25 M, 43 F, 28 VF, which approximates that found.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">[133]</span></p>
+
+<p>Attention is called to the distribution of offspring in the Pal, Rid,
+Smi, and Wen families. In these families the
+children are of two extreme types; intermediates
+are absent. The result may be due merely to
+small numbers, but it suggests the presence of
+two sorts of gametes in the heterozygous parent
+and hence a tendency to segregation in the
+offspring.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Hud Family.</span> (<a href="#figure45">Fig. 45.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>The Father’s (II 7) build is 3.2 (45); very fleshy;
+his father’s (I 1) was 2.0 (28) and his mother’s 3.2
+(46). Thus the Father is heterozygous. The Mother’s
+(II 8) build is 2.8 (40). Her father’s build was 2.7
+(38), fleshy; and her mother’s 2.5 (35); medium
+fleshy. The Mother’s 7 sibs have builds ranging
+between 2.5 (35) and 3.2 (46); principally fleshy to
+very fleshy. So this may be regarded as a back-cross
+of a heterozygous parent with a fleshy one of fleshy
+stock. Of the 4 children, 1 is medium-fleshy (III 11)
+with a build of 2.5 (36), 1 is fleshy (III 10) 2.7 (38),
+and two very fleshy; build 3.2 (45); thus the build
+of the offspring is varied, but prevailing very fleshy.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure45" style="max-width: 57.8125em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure45.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 45.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Hud</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Jon-11c Family.</span> (<a href="#figure46">Fig. 46.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family of Welsh extraction living chiefly in New
+York State and Ohio. The Father (II 10), a farmer,
+suffered in middle age from “rupture,” and died at
+88 years from “old age,” having the formula 150/62
+inches; build 2.7 (39). Of his 9 sibs:</p>
+
+<p>1. Brother, died at 70 years from “dissipation,”
+having the formula 175/68.5 inches; build 2.6 (36).</p>
+
+<p>2. Brother, who died at 53 years from “inflammation
+of kidneys and dyspepsia,” had the formula
+125/63 inches; build 2.2 (31).</p>
+
+<p>3. Sister, who died at 68 years from Bright’s disease,
+140/57 inches; build 3.0 (43).</p>
+
+<p>4. Sister, who died at 74 years from “flux,” 150/58
+inches; build 3.1 (44).</p>
+
+<p>5. Sister, who died at 75 years from Bright’s disease,
+120/59 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>6. Sister, who died at 60 years from Bright’s disease,
+118/59.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>7. Sister, who died at 73 years, 135/64 inches;
+build 2.3 (33).</p>
+
+<p>8. Brother, who died from typhoid fever at 44
+years, 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38).</p>
+
+<p>9. Brother, 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>Their father, a farmer, suffered in middle age from
+“hernia”; died of heart trouble at 65 years, having
+the formula 120/64.5 inches; build 2.0 (29). Their
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">[134]</span>mother died at 77 years from pneumonia, having the formula 160/57 inches;
+build 3.5 (49).</p>
+
+<p>The Mother suffered from “nervousness” before marriage, then not
+troubled with it again till menopause. She died of “heart trouble, dropsy,
+paralysis, and nervousness” at 80 years, having the formula 150/62 inches;
+build 2.7 (39). Of her 8 sibs:</p>
+
+<p>1. Brother, who died from “congestive chill,” was 67 inches in height.</p>
+
+<p>2. Brother, who died at 56 years from “old age,” 180/71 inches; build
+2.5 (36).</p>
+
+<p>3. Brother, who died at 81 years from “poor circulation” and stomach
+trouble, had the formula 170/71 inches; build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>4. Brother, who died from pneumonia at 45 years, 180/70 inches; build
+2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>5. Brother, who died from “kidney trouble” at 40 years, 170/70 inches;
+build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>6. Brother, who died at 57 years from “abscess on liver,” 160/69 inches;
+build 2.4 (34).</p>
+
+<p>7. Sister, who died at 25 years from “child-birth.”</p>
+
+<p>8. Sister, who died at 72 years from “overdose of medicine,” 165/67
+inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>Their father, a farmer and cabinet-maker all his life, died at 83 years
+from paralysis, having the formula 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37). Their
+mother, who in middle age suffered from dropsy and palsy, died at 83
+years from “old age.” Her formula was 160/62 inches; build 2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p>The 10 children:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male, a farmer, recorded as always well, has at 66 years the formula
+165/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>2. Female, who in youth suffered from “ague, flux, erysipelas, cholera
+morbus,” has at 65 years the formula 130/59 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>3. Female, who in youth suffered from asthma, has at 63 years the
+formula 150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male, a lawyer, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, and middle
+age from “acquired neurasthenia,” has at 59 years the formula 190/70
+inches; build 2.7 (39).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female, a school-teacher, who died at 20 years from typhoid fever,
+had the formula 120/61 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 139/61
+inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>6. Female, who suffered in youth from scarlet fever and in middle age
+from typhoid and kidney trouble, has always been “nervous,” has at 55
+years the formula 150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40).</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">[135]</span></p>
+
+<p>7. Male, a farmer and “shopman,” who in youth suffered from Bright’s
+disease, has at 53 years the formula 170/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>8. Female, who at 17 years had fever, lost her mind, has not been well
+since—“gradual mental deterioration.” At 51 years she has the formula
+170/62 inches; build 3.1 (44).</p>
+
+<p>9. Female, who in youth suffered from “thrush,” and in middle life from
+malarial fever and gradual mental deterioration, has at 51 years the
+formula 116/57.5 inches; build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>10. Female, who at 48 years has the formula 165/63 inches; build
+2.9 (42).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—This is an extraordinarily valuable pedigree furnished by a
+member of the family who has taken great pains with the record. Both
+parents are of middle-fleshy build (39). The Father’s fraternity shows
+sibs: 5 medium, 4 fleshy, and 1 very fleshy. This is associated with semi-dwarfishness,
+one of the sisters being only 57 inches in stature and one of
+the brothers only 63 inches. <i>One of their parents is slender; one obese.</i> The
+Mother’s fraternity comprises 4 persons of medium build and 3 stout. Their
+<i>parents are both fleshy</i>. The “children” are remarkably uniform. Since
+they all, except one, reached the parental age, no “adjustment” is necessary;
+they can be compared directly. One is of medium build, 8 are stout like
+their parents (including the adjusted age of the girl who died at 20), and
+1 is just over the line of being very stout (44), like her paternal aunt and
+a little less than her Father’s mother. Here the obesity has skipped a
+generation in the direct line, possibly because the Father was phenotypically
+reduced in build, perhaps because of his advanced age (88). This circumstance
+offers, however, no theoretical difficulty. The uniformity of the
+progeny favors the hypothesis that in this family there are only two
+independent factors for fleshy build (R: Jon-11<i>c</i>).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure46" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure46.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 46.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Jon-11c</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Pal Family.</span> (<a href="#figure25">Fig. 25.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family living in a small town in good circumstances. III 9 ♂, a
+farmer, who at 67 years is 173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighs around 90 kg.
+or 200 pounds; build 3.0 (43); fleshy; net relative chest-girth 120/173,
+or 71 per cent. This near-obese man was slender as a boy and began to
+grow fleshy at 30 years of age. There are 5 others in his fraternity: (1) III
+7 ♂, a physician, at 71 years is 178 cm. (70 inches) tall, weighs over 90 kg.
+(200 pounds); build 2.9 (41); fleshy; relative chest-girth 119/178, or 67
+per cent. He is doubtless heterozygous for build, since, by a slender wife,
+he has 2 fleshy and 2 slender children. (2) III 8 ♀, married, at 69 years
+has stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 75 kg. (155 pounds); build 2.8
+(40); fleshy; relative chest-girth 107/157, or 68 per cent. By a man of
+medium build she has 1 fleshy, 1 medium, and 3 slender children.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> (3) III
+11 ♂, at 65 years has a stature of 175 cm. (69 inches); weight 61 kg. (135
+pounds); build 2.0 (28); slender. (4) III 5 ♂, at 62 years, stature 178 cm.
+(70 inches); weight 95 kg. (210 pounds); build 3.0 (43); fleshy. His relative
+chest-girth 117/178, or 66 per cent. As a boy he was of medium
+build; at about 30 years, like III 7, he began to grow fleshy, and is now
+dieting for diabetes (?). By a fleshy wife, whose sibs vary in build, he has
+2 fleshy children and 1 of medium build. (5) III 12, at 59 years has a
+stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of 102 kg. (224 pounds); build
+3.6 (52); very fleshy. By a husband of medium build she has 1 slender
+and 1 medium child.&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="label">[10]</a> Not shown in <a href="#figure25">figure 25</a>.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">[136]</span></p>
+
+<p>The father (II 5) of this fraternity, who died at 87 years of cancer of
+the face, was fleshy. He had 5 brothers, all of whom lived to be over 80
+years of age and who all, save 1, weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds). The
+mother (II 6) of the man’s fraternity died at 64 of pneumonia; she was of
+medium build, and her 4 sibs were of medium build. Thus all her children
+were probably somewhat heterozygous, including III 9, the father of 3.</p>
+
+<p>III 10, the wife of III 9, is 178 cm. tall and weighs over 90 kg.; build 2.8
+(40+); fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>Of the 3 children: (1) IV 7 ♂ at 44 is of medium build. By a slender
+wife he had a daughter who at 22 years has a build 2.4 (34); medium build.
+(2) IV 10 ♀, at 42 years, has a stature of 163 cm. (64 inches) and weight
+of over 115 kg. (250+ pounds); build 4.3 (61+); obese. She married a
+slender man, and 1 of their 9 children, at 19 years, weighs over 90 kg. (200
+pounds). (3) IV 11 ♂ is a medium weight; he married a slender woman
+and has 4 children who are of medium build.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A fleshy Father, who is heterozygous for build, and his fleshy
+wife (of unknown gametic composition) have 1 obese child and 2 children
+of medium build (73:704).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Rec Family, A.</span> (<a href="#figure47">Fig. 47.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 5 ♂ died at 84 years of “heart disease.” His stature was 188 cm.
+(74 inches) and weight 100 kg. (220 pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy. He
+had a fleshy brother and sister.
+Their father was a slender
+man, but nothing is known
+about their mother. II 5
+married II 6, who died at 58
+years of bronchial pneumonia.
+Her formula, 360/60 inches;
+build of 7.0 (100); very obese.
+She has 1 very fleshy and 1
+fleshy sister and a slender
+brother.</p>
+
+<p>This fleshy pair had 6 offspring,
+as follows: (1) III
+2 ♀ (<a href="#plate9">plate 9</a>, fig. 2), build 4.0
+(57), relative chest-girth, 90
+per cent. She is the obese
+mother (by a fleshy, 2.8 (40),
+consort) of a slightly less
+obese daughter, of build 3.7 (53) (<a href="#plate9">plate 9</a>, fig. 3). (2) III 3 ♂, 170 cm.
+(67 inches) tall, and weighing 91 kg. (200 pounds); build 3.1 (45); very
+fleshy. He is now at a State institution and weighs some 20 or 30 pounds
+less. (3) III 4 ♂, build about 2.4 (34); medium. (4) III 5 ♂, very fleshy.
+(5) III 6 ♂, about 183 cm. (72 inches) tall, weighs over 90 kg. (200
+pounds); has very large shoulders and abdomen; build, say, 2.8 (40). (6)
+III 8 ♀, at 36 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of
+71 kg. (157 pounds); build 2.7 (38); fleshy. Her relative chest-girth is 52
+per cent. She married a man of build 3.4 (48) and has 3 sons—2 slender
+and 1 fleshy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—The parents II 5 and II 6 were probably heterozygous, so
+that they produced 1 in 6 of medium build. Also, their children are mostly
+heterozygous. Of 8 grandchildren, 2 are slender, 2 are stout (73:714).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure47" style="max-width: 25.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure47.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 47.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in <span class="smcap">Rec</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">[137]</span></p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Rec Family, B.</span> (<a href="#figure47">Fig. 47.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>III 1 ♂, fleshy, with a fleshy father and slender mother, married to III
+2 ♀ (<a href="#plate9">plate 9</a>, fig. 2), who at 53 years has a stature of 150 cm. (59 inches)
+and weight of much over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 4.0 (57); obese. Her
+relative chest-girth is 135/150, or 90 per cent; extraordinarily obese. At
+16, when married, she weighed 110 pounds; build 2.2 (32); medium. 4 of her
+4 sibs and both parents are exceedingly obese (her mother weighs 163 kg.
+[360 pounds] and has a build of 7.0 [100]).</p>
+
+<p>The foregoing pair had 5 children, 4 of whom died young. The other,
+IV 2 ♀, at 36 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of
+104 kg. (229 pounds); build 3.7 (53); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth
+is 130/168, or 77 per cent. She had at her marriage, when 23 years old
+(to a slender man), a build of 2.3 (33), medium grade. After marriage she
+increased rapidly in weight, menstruation became scant, she lost the sex-instinct,
+and is barren (<a href="#plate7">plate 7</a>, fig. 3).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comment.</i>—A tendency to extreme obesity runs in four generations.
+This is apparently of the adiposo-genitalis type, with sterility in the latest
+generation. Obvious dominant factors are at work here (73:714).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Rid Family.</span> (<a href="#figure48">Fig. 48.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>II 2 ♂ died at 54 years; short and weighed 110 kg. (240 pounds); build,
+say, 3.9 (56); very fleshy. A brother who died at 52 of apoplexy was fleshy,
+married a fleshy woman, and had a fleshy son. The mother of this fraternity
+was fleshy; about her consort’s build nothing is known, but he had a
+fleshy sister (I 1).</p>
+
+<p>II 3 ♀, wife of II 2, died of senility at 89; she weighed over 90 kg. (200
+pounds). She had 7 sibs: (1) II 4 ♀ died of epilepsy, was of medium
+weight, married, and had 5 children, 4 of medium weight and 1 fleshy.
+(2) II 5 ♀ of unknown build. II 6 ♀ of medium weight, her children
+slender. II 7 ♂ weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build, say, 2.9 (41), or
+fleshy. II 8 ♂ weighed over 90 kg.; fleshy. II 9 ♂ also fleshy, like his two
+brothers. II 10 unknown. Thus of this fraternity of 6 known persons,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">[138]</span>4 are fleshy, 2 medium. Their father was slender; their mother “short and
+plump.”</p>
+
+<p>There are 7 offspring from this mating between II 2 and 3: (1) III 1 ♀,
+at 66 years, is bedridden from a broken hip; tall, weight 77 kg. (170
+pounds); chest-girth 108 cm. (42 inches); build, say, 2.8 (40); fleshy; she
+was fleshy as a child of 10 years. (2) III 2 ♂, died at 60 of paralysis, was
+always slender. (3) III 3 ♂, at 62 years, is tall (say, 71 inches) and
+weighs 97.5 kg. (235 pounds); build 3.3 (47); very fleshy. (4) III 4 ♀, at
+56 years has the formula 91 kg. (200 pounds); 161 cm. (63.5 inches); build
+3.4 (49); very fleshy; relative chest-girth 74 per cent. She was fleshy from
+the age of 16 years. (5) III 5 ♀, at 51 years, is very fleshy; was a slender
+child. (6) III 6 ♀ is fleshy. (7) III 8 ♀, at 35 years weighed 86 kg. (190
+pounds), but now at 50 she is a helpless invalid and has grown slender; she
+was somewhat slender as a girl. Thus the offspring are 3 very fleshy, 2
+fleshy, 1 always slender, and 1 formerly fleshy but reduced by illness
+(73:727).</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure48" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure48.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 48.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Rid</span> family.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Smi Family.</span> (<a href="#figure26">Fig. 26.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>I 1 ♂ died at 72 years of acute indigestion; said to have been very fleshy,
+like his father. His wife, I 2 ♀, died at 68 years of paralysis. She was
+less than 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighed 82 kg. (180 pounds); build
+3.4 (48); very fleshy. She had 3 sibs, of whom it is known that 1 was fleshy;
+the other 2 unknown. Her father was of medium build and had 3 children
+by an earlier marriage, and of these 2 were slender and 1 fleshy. There
+were 7 children from I 1 and 2. (1) II 1, a man who died at 69 of pneumonia
+and diabetes and whose stature is 173 cm. (68 inches) and weight
+about 95 kg. (210 pounds); build 3.2 (45). (2) II 3 ♀ at 75 years is 155
+cm. (61 inches) tall and weighs 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.4 (48). By a
+stout consort she has 2 stout and 4 slender children. (3) II 9 ♀, married,
+at 74 years is 163 cm. (64 inches) tall and weighs 49 kg. (107 pounds);
+build 1.8 (26); slender. By a slender husband she had one slender daughter,
+build 1.9 (27), a slender son, and 2 other children who died young. (4) II
+5 ♀, fleshy. (5) II 6 ♀, fleshy. (6) II 7 ♀ said to be 157 cm. (62 inches)
+tall and to weigh 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.3 (47); very fleshy. (7) II
+4 ♂, at 55 years, fleshy. By a medium wife he had a son who at 26 years
+weighs 77 kg. (170 pounds) and was fleshy as a growing boy. Of the 7
+children, 1 is slender, 3 are fleshy, and 3 very fleshy (73:736).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Thr-1 Family.</span> (<a href="#figure33">Fig. 33.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>A family of English and French stock living in the middle western States.
+The Father (II 8), whose occupation has been very shifting, who suffered
+from “weak lungs” at 35 years, and who died at 81 years, had in middle
+life the formula 140/72 inches; build 1.9 (27). But in answer to special
+inquiry it appears that he “took on flesh” in later years. He has to be
+recorded as fleshy. Of his 3 sisters, two are slender (both with cardiac
+hypertrophy), and 1 is of fleshy build. The fat sister had 2 daughters who
+weighed over 225 pounds each. His 2 brothers are slender. His father
+(I 1), a blacksmith, died at 90 years, having the formula 150/71 inches;
+build 2.1 (30). His mother, always well, died at 68 years, having the
+formula 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31); medium. This side of the house
+carries both fleshy and slender strains, some of the slender individuals being
+so, probably, through disease. Apparently the Father is heterozygous for
+fleshiness, perhaps one reason why he became fleshy late in life.</p>
+
+<p>The Mother (II 9) suffered from arthritis deformans and died at 79 years.
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">[139]</span>Her formula was 135/63 inches; build 2.4 (34). Two of her sibs are slender
+and one of medium build. Her father (I 3), who suffered from arthritis
+deformans, was confined to his chair from rheumatism the last 15 years, and
+died at 72 years, having the formula 160/70 inches, build 2.3 (33). Her
+mother, who died at 50 years, had the formula 140/65 inches; build 2.3 (33).
+She had a sister (I 5) who weighed about 250 pounds, “an enormous
+woman.” This side of the house is of prevailingly medium build but with
+a tendency to obesity in one line. The children are 10 in number:</p>
+
+<p>1. Male (III 3), a clerk, has at 66 years the formula 150/69 inches;
+build 2.2 (32).</p>
+
+<p>2. Male (III 4), a physician, who has always had a rheumatic tendency
+and is liable to sciatic neuritis, at 25 years had the formula 180/68.75
+inches; build 2.7 (38). He is the Father of Thr-2 family, <a href="#Page_79">page 79</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. Male (III 6), a preacher, has at 69 years the formula 170/68 inches;
+build 2.6 (37). He has a daughter with a build of about 3.2 (45).</p>
+
+<p>4. Male (III 7), a physician, who in middle life suffered from inflammatory
+rheumatism, has at 59 years the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37).</p>
+
+<p>5. Female (III 8), who died at 34 years from appendicitis, has the formula
+225/67 inches; build 3.5 (50). She was “a big overgrown woman in her teens.”</p>
+
+<p>6. Female (III 9), married, who has a rheumatic tendency, has at 55
+years the formula 190/64 inches; build 3.3 (46).</p>
+
+<p>7. Female (III 11), married, who has 9 children, suffered in middle age from
+rheumatism. At 53 years her formula was 225/67 inches; build 3.3 (46).</p>
+
+<p>8. Male, a merchant, well, has at 51 years the formula 155/67 inches;
+build 2.4 (35).</p>
+
+<p>9. Male, a merchant, well, has at 49 years the formula 165/68.5 inches;
+build 2.5 (35).</p>
+
+<p>10. Male (III 14), a doctor and dentist, has at 47 years formula 180/68
+inches; build 2.7 (39). One of his daughters has a build of about 3.2 (45).</p>
+
+<p>Child No. 2, a physician, writes: “Many of my relatives, both on Father’s
+and Mother’s side, were afflicted with so-called muscular rheumatism
+(cousins, uncles, and aunts), pains in the limbs and muscles (not in the
+joints); especially those of robust and fleshy build, who possessed extraordinary
+good appetites and digestion, who liked good things to eat and much
+of it; the women being good cooks and the men generally marrying good
+cooks, they always had plenty to eat (rich food) and to spare. None of
+them are users of alcohol, simply being extra-hearty eaters” (R: Thr-1).</p>
+
+<h6><span class="smcap">Wen Family.</span> (<a href="#figure49">Fig. 49.</a>)</h6>
+
+<p>IV 10 is the Father; his formula is 260/74 inches; build 3.2 (46);
+very fleshy. His father (III 10) had the formula 245/73 inches; build 3.2
+(46); very fleshy. This father had a brother of just his build (who
+eventually died of tuberculosis) and a brother of formula 250/74, build
+3.0 (43); fleshy. The Father’s father’s father (II 5) had the formula
+200/70, build 2.9 (41); fleshy; one of his brothers was fleshy (38), and one
+very fleshy, build 3.2 (45). The latter had a very fleshy son. The Father’s
+father’s father’s father had a build of 2.9 (41) and a brother of the same
+build. These brothers of Gen. I were products of a first-cousin marriage.
+The Father’s father’s mother was a woman whose formula was 200/68.5
+inches; build 3.0 (43); fleshy. Hence the Father’s father and his brother,
+both of build 3.2 (46), got the fleshy tendency from both sides of the house.
+The Father’s mother was a second cousin of the Father’s father and her
+line also contained many fleshy representatives, but she herself was of
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">[140]</span>medium build. Thus the Father belongs to a fleshy strain, but he probably
+carries some non-fleshy gametes.</p>
+
+<p>IV 11 is the Mother; her formula is 160/65.5 inches; build 2.6 (37);
+fleshy; she has 2 sibs, both fleshy; her parents are of medium build; they
+have some slender grandchildren.</p>
+
+<p>There are 8 children, V 3 to 12, whose sex and indices of build are as
+follows: ♂ 3.6 (51), ♀ 3.1 (44), 2 ♂ ♂ 2.5 (35), 3 ♀ ♀ 2.3 (32),
+♀ 2.2 (31). Thus 2 are very fleshy and 6 are of medium build. The
+interval between the two groups is a wide one, indicating a clear genetic
+difference between them. The very fleshy brother, who weighs 265 pounds,
+was able to reduce about 60 pounds to be accepted for army service, but
+since being discharged from the army he has rebounded to his former
+weight. (A:032-25.)</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp87" id="figure49" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure49.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 49.</span>—Pedigree chart showing distribution of
+    build in the <span class="smcap">Wen</span> family. (Gen I 1 should be square ruled,
+    indicating fleshiness).</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_B_CLASS_V_SUMMARY"><span class="smcap">Summary and Discussion.</span></h4>
+
+<p>In a simple monohybrid with complete dominance the back-cross
+upon the recessive gives 50 per cent of the heterozygous dominant and
+50 per cent of the recessive allelomorph. In a monohybrid with
+imperfect dominance the back-cross upon the recessive gives 50 per
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_141">[141]</span>cent of the intermediate and 50 per cent of the recessive. Where 2 or
+3 multiple factors are present and the heterozygote is nearly intermediate
+but shows a slight tendency toward imperfect dominance, we
+may expect an approximation to a symmetrical distribution of grades
+about the intermediate condition, with a skewness toward the recessive
+condition. That is what is got in both parts of <a href="#table32">table 32</a>. This
+result supports the conclusion that there is segregation in the gametes
+of the heterozygous parent, so that the progeny tend prevailingly to
+fall again into the slender and medium-fleshy grandparental types.
+The results of <a href="#table33">table 33</a> similarly support the conclusion of segregation
+in the gametes of the heterozygous fleshy parent.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="C_GENERAL_DISCUSSION">C. GENERAL DISCUSSION.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_C_1"><span class="smcap">Heredity and Environment in Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>That a tendency to slenderness or fleshiness of build “runs in
+families” and characterizes different races is a matter of common
+observation. But this fact is far from satisfying the clinician that
+heredity plays any part in this result. Thus, von Noorden, who
+occupies a leading position among Teutonic investigators of metabolism
+in general and obesity in particular, denies the importance of an
+hereditary anomaly of metabolism in different families and races.
+Rejecting “anomaly of metabolism” or “peculiarity of protoplasmic
+metabolism,” he stresses “inheritance” of habits of life that favor
+obesity, the quantity and quality of food, and the ideals of bodily
+activity. For example, the Eskimo are fat because they eat
+blubber and huddle in narrow spaces, undergoing little movement
+throughout the long, dark winters. It is true that von Noorden
+speaks somewhat guardedly; he recognizes exceptions; suggests a
+possible hereditary hypofunction of the thyroid. But clearly constitutional
+peculiarities are, for him, exceptional as causes of overweight,
+and here is where he fails to recognize sufficiently the fact
+that usually only particular individuals of a fraternity are fleshy;
+the others may be slender.</p>
+
+<p>But besides anomalies of protoplasm and family traditions of
+feeding, there are obviously other possibilities. It is well known that
+different varieties of cattle differ greatly in their capacity for fattening.
+Armsby and Fries (1911) have inquired into the influence of
+type upon the fattening of cattle. They used a pure-bred Aberdeen-Angus
+steer and a “scrub,” part Jersey, steer for comparison. As is
+well known, the former belongs to the easily fattening beef type;
+the Jersey to the difficultly fattening milk type. During over 2½
+years, beginning at under 1 year of age, these steers were under nearly
+continuous observations. They were fed on ordinary growing rations,
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">[142]</span>the same for each steer. The digestibility of the total ration was
+determined at intervals; four tests were made of each animal in the
+respiration calorimeter to determine the percentage availability of
+the energy of the feeds consumed by each. The results were as follows:
+Analysis of feces and urine failed to show any difference in percentage
+digestibility of the food by the two animals, and calorimeter
+tests failed to show any difference in the proportion of the food-energy
+which was being metabolized. But the two animals did not
+metabolize in the same way. Thus, in the scrub, a larger proportion of
+the gain made was of protein than in the case of the beef steer; and,
+conversely, the gain of the beef steer was more largely fat than in the
+case of the scrub. Reduced to common weight, the energy requirement
+for maintenance of the scrub steer was nearly 19 per cent
+greater than for the beef steer. Since the beef steer would eat more
+than the scrub and tended to store fat rather than protein, the greater
+tendency of the beef steer to fatten received a biochemical explanation.
+The results seem to show a difference between the two varieties
+in the working over of the assimilated materials.</p>
+
+<p>Indeed, it is easily appreciated that steers of the beef and dairy
+types of cattle should metabolize differently when we consider the
+marked difference in the milk production of the cows of these two
+types. The cow of the highest dairy type is capable of manufacturing
+20 kilograms of milk containing 1.2 kilograms of butter fat in one
+day, or 6 per cent (Bailey, Encl. Am. Agric., III, 365). The cow of the
+meat type, of larger size, produces up to 30 kilograms of milk, and
+this contains, perhaps, 1.3 kilograms of butter fat per day, or only 4.3
+per cent (Sinclair, 1904, p. 740-42). There is here, obviously, a difference
+in the metabolic processes in the cows and this is reflected in
+the steers also.&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> There is an internal biochemical difference as well
+as a difference in the feeding instinct. The latter is not merely a
+matter of family tradition, of the family economics or mores; it is
+a physiological phenomenon as much as internal metabolism.</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="label">[11]</a> I am indebted to Mrs. C. D. Walcott for calling my
+attention to this point.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Indeed, even von Noorden (1907, III, p. 700) seems to be forced
+to this conclusion by cases of failure to reduce weight at a diet far
+below that which appears to be essential to maintenance. Thus a
+man of 39 years, who exercised freely in the open air, had a weight of
+102 kg. For 3 months his diet never exceeded 1,720 calories (estimated
+at 1,000 calories short of normal requirements) and at the end
+of this period he weighed 101 kg.</p>
+
+<p>That a relation between ingested food and activity is not the
+entire explanation of obesity is recognized by medical men of experience.
+Heckel (1920, p. 371), referring to recurrent obesity, remarks
+on its frequency and says: To constitute an obesity there must be
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">[143]</span>organic and hereditary tendencies: “Ne devient pas obèse qui veut.”
+“Aussi la guérison accidentelle ou thérapeutique d’une obésité
+n’indique-t-elle pas la disparition définitive des tendances personelles
+ou congénitale.”</p>
+
+<p>Gulick (1922) has lately undertaken experiments to throw light on
+the question why some persons fatten easily and some with difficulty.
+He had noted that he himself belongs to a non-fattening strain and
+that his inclination toward a very copious diet of predominantly
+starchy nature did not lead him to put on weight, even though his
+round of activity was moderate. So he undertook biochemical, nutritional
+studies on himself. His observation covered nearly 21 months.
+During part of this time his caloric intake was low, 1,875 to 2,780;
+during another part high, 3,400 to 4,100. He found that he fattened
+somewhat during the period of heaviest feeding. There was, however,
+always an excess of intake over predictable need, and this excess
+increased absolutely and probably even relatively as the intake
+increased. The fecal nitrogen was 2½ to 3½ times greater during
+over-feeding than under-feeding. The basal metabolism during
+maximum feeding was normal. Gulick concludes that a person belonging
+to the difficultly fattening type shows a wasteful rate of oxidation,
+whether under or over fed, but especially at the latter time. “It
+seems clear,” concludes Gulick, “that throughout the entire experimental
+series there was some factor at work which caused fuel food
+to be burned more freely than in the average individual. This factor
+was not an over-active thyroid, as attested by the entirely normal
+basal metabolism.” Gulick concludes that it was “some factor in the
+chemistry of nutrition” which caused extravagance. This he thinks
+may very possibly be comparable to the “secondary effect” of protein
+enrichment, which, according to Rubner, can raise the specific
+dynamic action of the food without raising the basal rate. It is also
+possible, he says, that the spare type may be accounted for by any
+factor that produces a high “cost of digestion,” just as the obese may
+be supposed to suffer from an abnormally low “cost of digestion” (von
+Noorden).</p>
+
+<p>Whatever the fundamental cause may be, the fact remains that in
+certain families there is a widespread inclination to the production of
+slender individuals, while in other fraternities certain proportions
+(though usually not all) of any fraternity are fleshy or even obese.
+Perhaps, as in the case of the Jersey as contrasted with the beef steer,
+the two kinds of individuals do not metabolize their food in the same
+way; some are spare and muscular, others lay on fat. In any case we
+can not disregard the constitutional factors in build.</p>
+
+<p>Looking at the matter broadly, we can see that no other theory
+than that constitutional differences as well as nutritional differences
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">[144]</span>determine build is sufficient to meet all the facts. In other species of
+animals we have precisely the same kind of differences between
+hereditary strains of slender and stout build that we have among
+humans. Thus, among dogs, the slender greyhound or Dachshund
+and the robust “Chow”; among horses the Thoroughbred and the
+stocky Percheron; among swine the “razor-back” and the Berkshire;
+among poultry the slender Leghorn and the stocky Cochin. Slender
+and stocky as racial traits appear quite as white and black do and
+they doubtless have similarly a genetic basis.</p>
+
+<p>A careful study of the families described in this paper must convince
+anyone, it seems to me, of the importance of the genetic factors.
+The Fun. family is of a wholly different type from the Thr-1 family.
+Even if the latter eat more, it is because of a constitutional urge like the
+constitutional urge that leads the Aberdeen-Angus steer to eat more
+than the Jersey steer. Very probably the Fun. family metabolizes in a
+different way from the Thr-1 family, building more protein and less fat.</p>
+
+<p>In other cases it is not the whole fraternity that is fleshy or slender.
+This is well illustrated by the Wen. family, where 2 of 8 of the main
+fraternity are very fleshy and all the others of medium build. We
+have here to do not merely with a family habit of eating, but a differential
+constitution that provides one-quarter of the children with
+a large appetite that leads them to eat heavily and manufacture fat
+and provides three-quarters of them with a small appetite that leads
+them to eat lightly and to manufacture protein instead of fat. Constitutional
+differences in the appetite and method of metabolism are
+the essential factors; and these are the things that are inherited. Only
+on such an hypothesis can we account for the clear evidence presented
+of constitutional factors in build—not always one only, but sometimes
+three or more acting together to produce the end result of obesity.</p>
+
+<p>A scientific man, interested in nutrition, who has a build of 3.6 (51)
+himself and one of whose sisters has a build of 3.1 (44), whereas his
+4 other sibs have builds of 2.5 to 2.1 (35 to 30), writes that his brother
+(of medium build, but about 75 inches tall) consumes daily about
+2,700 calories; he himself and his fleshy sister about 2,500, and the
+others of his fraternity, who are of medium build, 2,000 to 1,800. He
+is a professional man, who does a good deal of office or laboratory
+work. He drinks about 3 to 4 quarts of water per day. His son, who
+is nearly 11 years of age, weighs just over 120 pounds, is 63 inches tall,
+and fairly fleshy. Though he is active, “never still a minute,” yet he
+has to be urged to eat, willingly misses a meal, and uniformly declines
+a second helping; “he eats much less than his 6-year-old cousins, who
+are actually under size for their age; he has never been a heavy eater
+from the time he was weaned.” This boy, the son of a very fleshy
+man, seems to afford an example of the easily fattening type in whom
+the slight excess of calories produces a striking result in build.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_145">[145]</span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_C_2"><span class="smcap">Endocrine Glands as Links between Chromosomes and Somatic Qualities.</span></h4>
+
+<p>When it is concluded that there are constitutional, genetic factors
+for build, the validity of this conclusion is not weakened by the known
+rôle of endocrine glands on metabolism and build. Thus the experiments
+of recent years have emphasized the importance of the rôle that
+the thyroid gland plays in growth and development. As Uhlenhuth
+(1922, p. 182) says: “The ontogenetic development of the individual
+is controlled by the thyroid hormone.” Since in cretins the thyroid
+functions imperfectly or not at all, the differences between the
+development of a normal child and that of a cretin are supposed to
+indicate the scope of the control by the thyroid hormone. In the
+cretin, growth is slowed up almost to cessation. In the long bones
+the centers of ossification develop slowly. “The epiphyses may be
+absent many years after they are due to appear and their union with
+the shafts of the long bones indefinitely delayed. Periosteal as well
+as endochondral bone formation may be greatly reduced and delayed.
+The cranial bones are thin, poorly ossified, and osteoporotic: mottling
+is sometimes evident ontogenologically.”... Incomplete closure
+of the fontanelles is very common (Janney, 1922, pp. 391, 392). The
+genito-urinary system is undeveloped; the external genitalia remain
+infantile. The brain shows defective convolutions and all parts of
+the central nervous system show deficient development. Owing to
+the fact that the long bones of the leg develop imperfectly, while the
+chest may continue to enlarge, the build of the cretin is usually large
+for his age. Thus, in general, the specific metabolic changes are
+retarded. When the thyroid functions imperfectly after maturity the
+victim puts on fat. The fat is usually distributed nearly uniformly
+under all parts of the skin. One of Janney’s cases weighed 212 pounds
+at 12 years. Some degree of hypothyroidism is doubtless responsible
+for many of the “very fleshy” persons referred to in the preceding
+pages. The frequent recurrence of obesity in a family is in accordance
+with the tendency for hypothyroidism to recur in different members
+of a family; a tendency shown remarkably in Barrett’s (1919) family.</p>
+
+<p>The hypophysis, especially its anterior lobe, is believed to exercise
+an important control over differential metabolism and the resulting
+form. The results of hyperfunctioning of the gland are very different
+from those of hyperfunctioning of the thyroid. An extraordinary
+enlargement of certain parts of the skeleton, especially of the base of
+the skull, the hands, the feet, and the ribs, occurs. There is, indeed,
+in growing persons a tendency to the production of giants. In the
+underfunctioning of the hypophysis before puberty an extraordinary
+obesity is apt to appear, known as dystrophic adiposo-genitalis;
+because, the more the fat increases in amount the more the external
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">[146]</span>genitalia appear under-developed—infantile. The obesity frequently
+affects the region of the pelvis only or chiefly, though the thighs also
+may be involved. Disfunctioning of the pituitary in later years is
+believed, likewise, to induce obesity. Of this disfunctioning there are,
+doubtless, all degrees corresponding to the variety of grades of obesity.
+Thus a second factor of obesity must be recognized; and this also
+“runs in families”—is hereditary.</p>
+
+<p>The other endocrine factors in obesity are less precisely known. It
+is believed that the interstitial cells of the gonads secrete hormones
+that regulate, especially inhibit, the production of fat. This is inferred
+by the frequent tendency of women after the menopause to grow fat
+and of eunuchs (of one type, at any rate) to become fleshy. Also, the
+secretions of the islands of Langerhans of the pancreas are known
+to influence carbohydrate metabolism, so that when they do not
+function properly sugar is eliminated unchanged in the urine, and
+“diabetes,” usually accompanied by fleshiness in its early stages,
+ensues. Of course, it can not be stated that pancreatic insufficiency
+is responsible for the prediabetic obesity; but the relation of the two
+phenomena is undeniably close.</p>
+
+<p>Thus there come clearly to view two links in the chain of causes
+connecting chromosomal factors (such as are present in “Mendelian”
+heredity), on the one hand, and build, on the other. First, two or
+more of the endocrine glands play a great rôle in metabolism and
+when disturbed usually result in an abnormal build; and, secondly,
+just the condition of endocrine disfunctioning is an hereditary one
+and seems to depend on the condition of the enzymes or catalyzers
+that must be in the chromosomes.</p>
+
+<p>That other constitutional conditions than those of the larger endocrine
+glands may play an important rôle in metabolism can not be
+denied; probably the quality of the protoplasm of every active cell
+influences the bodily metabolism; but the endocrine glands proper
+seem, as it were, to be told off for this specific purpose, and thus
+peculiarities in their functioning lead to striking results.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_C_3"><span class="smcap">Evidence of Segregation in the Heredity of Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>The best single criterion of Mendelism in any hereditary distribution
+is segregation. If there is sufficient evidence of segregation in
+our study of build, then we are justified in concluding that build is
+inherited in “Mendelian fashion.” There have been several occasions
+to refer to evidence of segregation in this work; some of this evidence
+may be brought together here and other added.</p>
+
+<p>1. The difference in variability of the progeny of different matings.
+The offspring of slender parents are least variable, of fleshy parents
+most. This is evidence that the fleshy parents carry gametes for
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_147">[147]</span>slenderness and thus that condition reappears in the offspring; but
+slender parents rarely carry gametes for fleshiness (<a href="#Page_56">p. 56</a>).</p>
+
+<p>2. As a corollary of the above, regression takes place in the progeny
+of fleshy parents to a markedly greater degree than in the progeny of
+slender parents (<a href="#Page_39">p. 39</a>).</p>
+
+<p>3. The progeny of heterozygous parents are significantly more variable
+than the progeny of parents belonging respectively to slender
+and to fleshy stock. This is evidence that the heterozygous parents
+carry a greater variety of gametes than those of “purer stock.”</p>
+
+<p>4. In different matings of the same type the variability of the
+progeny differs; apparently, because some parents belong to a special
+biotype and others simulate the biotype merely through heterozygosity.
+Thus, if the M × M mating be considered (<a href="#tableX">table X</a>), one finds
+some families characterized by slight variability of the offspring. The
+indices of build (English) in such families are given in <a href="#table34">table 34</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table34"><span class="smcap">Table 34.</span>—<i>Indices of build of the progeny of M × M matings,
+in which the parents belong to the M biotype.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>Reference.</th>
+    <th>Indices of build of children.</th>
+    <th>Mid range.</th>
+    <th>Total range.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bat 2</td>
+    <td>32, 33, 33, 35</td>
+    <td>33.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bea 7</td>
+    <td>31, 32, 32, 34</td>
+    <td>32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dic 4</td>
+    <td>29, 31, 32, 33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kel 4a</td>
+    <td>31, 32, M, M, M, 34</td>
+    <td>32.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Old 2</td>
+    <td>33, 33, 33, 35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rig 1</td>
+    <td>30, 32, 32, 34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>War 3</td>
+    <td class="nw">30, 30, 30, 31, 32, 32, 32, 33, 33, 36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The slight fluctuation in build of progeny of <a href="#table34">table 34</a> is obvious.
+The modal index of the progeny is close to 33. On the other hand,
+there are matings of this type which show a much greater variability.
+These are listed in <a href="#table35">table 35</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="table35"><span class="smcap">Table 35.</span>—<i>Indices of build of the progeny of M × M matings
+in which the parents are probably heterozygous.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>Reference.</th>
+    <th>Indices of build of children.</th>
+    <th>Mid range.</th>
+    <th>Total range.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cas 4</td>
+    <td>32, 34, 34, 37, 41, 43</td>
+    <td>37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Coo 5</td>
+    <td class="nw">31, 33, 35, 36, 36, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 41</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eat A</td>
+    <td>33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 38, 38, 42</td>
+    <td>37.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fis 2</td>
+    <td>33, 35, 37, 37, 37, 39, 40</td>
+    <td>36.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ill 1</td>
+    <td>33, 34, 35, 35, 37, 37, 38, 39</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mar 22</td>
+    <td>31, 32, 33, 36, 36, 40</td>
+    <td>35.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mer 8</td>
+    <td>33, 36, 37, 40, 41</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nes 1</td>
+    <td>32, 33, 33, 37, 41, 51</td>
+    <td>41.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tet A</td>
+    <td>30, 30, 36, 41, 43, 49, 49</td>
+    <td>39.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rup 1</td>
+    <td>30, 30, 31, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi 33</td>
+    <td>31, 31, 32, 36, 36, 36, 36, 37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sto 13</td>
+    <td>33, 34, 36, 38, 38, 38</td>
+    <td>35.5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A 01:29</td>
+    <td>29, 39, 41</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">[148]</span></p>
+
+<p>These series of progeny fluctuate in build around 36. It seems
+probable that the variable progeny are the offspring of heterozygous
+parents, but this can rarely be proved, since the build of the grandparents
+is not often available in the present series.</p>
+
+<p>That there are really at least two kinds of matings of the M × M
+type is shown more conclusively by <a href="#figure50">figure 50</a>, in which two modes,
+at 33 and 36, respectively, are clearly seen. The conclusion seems
+to be justified that the mode at 33 is that of progeny derived from
+the M biotype and the mode at 36 is that of the progeny of heterozygous
+M parents. The existence of these two modes in <a href="#figure50">figure 50</a> is
+thus evidence of segregation.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure50" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure50.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 50.</span>—Polygon of distribution of offspring
+    of M × M matings (from Appendix <a href="#tableX">table X</a>) for males, females, and sexes
+    combined. Abscissæ: index of build, English system. Ordinates: absolute
+    frequencies for males and females and their half sum for the sexes
+    combined.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>Additional evidence is found in other matings, likewise. Thus the
+M × F mating shows two modes, at 33 and at 36 (<a href="#figure51">fig. 51</a>). There is
+also one other, possibly significant, mode, namely, at 38, in the fleshy
+group. Since F parents are sometimes homozygous, mating with M
+would tend to produce medium-fleshy progeny (i. e., 36). The F
+parents are, however, frequently heterozygous, containing both slender,
+medium, fleshy, and even very fleshy gametes; and, accordingly,
+we should expect somatic segregations at about the points 30, 33, 36,
+and 38 as centers, just where we find them.</p>
+
+<p>Again, the S × M mating yields (<a href="#figure52">fig. 52</a>) modes at 32 and 35
+respectively, a shade lower than those of the M × M or M × F
+matings; but the male offspring (taken alone) gives modes at 33 and
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_149">[149]</span>35. Where the mode is at 33 it is probable that an S and an M gamete
+have met; and this condition is relatively common just because M
+gametes are common. The mode at 35 may arise from an F gamete
+carried in a heterozygous M uniting with an S gamete. The S gamete
+carried in heterozygous M may be responsible for a probable mode
+which is hidden in the form of a hump at 28 in <a href="#figure52">figure 52</a>.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure51" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure51.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 51.</span>—Polygon of distribution of offspring
+    of M × F matings (from Appendix <a href="#tableXI">table XI</a>), sexes separate and combined.
+    See also legend of <a href="#figure50">fig. 50</a>.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>Attention is called to the probable influence of these modes on the
+two modes shown in <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a>, at 33 and 35 respectively. These two
+modes are strong evidence for a segregation in the factors for build.
+Thus the very irregularity of the polygon of <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a> is evidence of the
+presence of segregating factors for build. Moreover, these two modes
+appear at every age from birth to maturity, as is clearly shown in
+<a href="#figure53">figure 53</a>. This bimodality is easily accounted for on genetical
+grounds, but is inexplicable upon the bare nutritional hypothesis of
+build.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PART_III_C_4"><span class="smcap">On the Number of Factors Involved in Fleshy Build.</span></h4>
+
+<p>It is by no means an easy matter to determine the number of independent
+factors which are active in the case of a trait that is due to
+multiple factors. This matter is still less easy if there is only very
+imperfect dominance approaching intermediacy of the trait in the
+progeny of the F₁ mating. Yet that is the situation that has to be
+met in the study of heredity of build.</p>
+
+<p>An attempt has been made in this paper to test the relative probability
+that there are only two, on the one hand, or three or more
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_150">[150]</span>independent factors, on the other, involved. We have seen, in each
+of the various matings, that the result is, on the whole, more closely
+in accord with the 3-factor hypothesis than that of 2 factors. But
+this is not to insist that never more than 3 independent factors are
+involved in build, or never less than 3.</p>
+
+<p>An attempt was made to apply Dr. Sewall Wright’s formula
+(Castle, 1922, p. 22). Using the data of <a href="#table12">tables 12</a>, <a href="#table27">27</a>, and <a href="#table31">31</a>, the
+value for <i>n</i> (the number of factors) was calculated by the formula</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>N</i> = <i>D</i>² / 8(σ₂²-σ₁²)</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">where <i>D</i> is the difference between the means of parental pure races, σ₁
+is the standard deviation of F₁ and σ₂ is standard deviation of F₂.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp95" id="figure52" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure52.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 52.</span>—Polygon of distribution of frequencies of
+    build of offspring of S × M matings (from Appendix <a href="#tableVII">table VII</a>), sexes
+    separate and combined. See also legend to <a href="#figure50">fig. 50</a>.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>Substitution for the letters of their values given <i>n</i> = (39.20-28.50)²
+÷8[(6.78)²-(5.02)²] = 0.69. We can only conclude that, owing to
+small numbers, this formula is not applicable here.</p>
+
+<p>Returning, then, to our conclusion that the assumption of at least
+3 gametic factors for some, probably most, cases of build accords best
+with the results of the various matings, we may inquire what is the
+nature of these factors. It seems probable that two of them may
+correspond to dystrophies of the pituitary and thyroid glands respectively
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_151">[151]</span>and the other or others to other regulatory mechanisms of
+metabolism in the organism. It may well be that one of our factors
+is the same as that which causes hypothyroidism; another as that
+which causes hypopituitarism, and the third that which inhibits the
+normal development of the genitalia, such as we see functioning in
+dystrophia adiposo-genitalis. This is, indeed, speculation. However,
+the speculation is an attempt to give a concrete form to the ideas of
+multiple factors in build.</p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="figure53" style="max-width: 43.75em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/figure53.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p><span class="smcap">Fig. 53.</span>—Solid figure (model) giving distribution
+    of relative chest-girth for various ages from birth to 20 years, reading
+    from left to right. The mean index of build at each age is centered on
+    the curve of development of relative chest-girth. The relative chest
+    girth is indicated in percentages passing from the bottom to the top of
+    the figure. The solid figure is illuminated from the upper part of the
+    page.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<p>If we assume three independent factors for build, it does not follow
+that these are present in all families. Just as it has been demonstrated
+that in different strains of mice there are in some cases 3, in
+others only 2 factors for susceptibility to cancer, so, apparently, it is
+with build. In certain families the distribution of build in the progeny
+is best accounted for on the hypothesis that, in such families, there are
+only two gametic factors for build. In other families there appears to
+be only one gametic factor for build.</p>
+
+<p>It has been repeatedly pointed out that in many cases where multiple
+factors are invoked to explain the genetical results, the results
+can be equally well explained on the theory of blended inheritance.
+The advantage of the factorial theory is that it brings under one type
+of heredity even these most difficult cases of apparently blending
+<span class="pagenum" id="Page_152">[152]</span>inheritance. More than that, however, the theory of multiple factors
+explains a number of phenomena that the theory of blending inheritance
+does not, such as the greater variability of the F₂ as contrasted
+with the F₁ generation, and the skewness in distribution of progeny
+in the back-cross. Thus an F × S mating should produce a “medium”
+progeny with symmetrical distribution of deviating types on the
+theory of blending inheritance; actually it produces not only mediums,
+but an excess of fleshy over slender, which is readily accounted
+for on the hypothesis that fleshiness is partially dominant over slenderness.
+In this and other ways, especially in focussing attention on
+gametes, the doctrine of multiple factors is essential to an adequate
+interpretation of the results of mating between persons of dissimilar
+build.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<h3 class="nobreak" id="D_SUMMARY_OF_CONCLUSIONS">D. SUMMARY
+OF CONCLUSIONS.</h3>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>1. Two types of variation in build are to be distinguished: (1) the
+change in average build that accompanies ontogeny and (2) variations
+in adult build.</p>
+
+<p>2. The popular idea of build is best expressed as the ratio of transverse
+chest diameter to stature, or (since the chest diameter is rarely
+known) chest-girth to stature. When only weight and stature are
+known, the closest approximation to the chest÷stature ratio is given
+by the weight÷(stature)² ratio, and this is taken as the standard
+index of build.</p>
+
+<p>3. The correlation between the standard index of build and the
+relative chest-girth is, for males, about 0.45.</p>
+
+<p>4. The index of build of adult males is slightly greater than of
+females, because of the relatively greater chest-girth of males. The
+average index of build for males is 2.52 (35.8) and for females
+2.43 (34.5).</p>
+
+<p>5. There are marked racial differences in build; but they are not
+so great as the differences in ontogenetic stages.</p>
+
+<p>6. There are geographical differences in build; the heavy build of
+northern peoples may be due to a physiological reaction or, in part,
+to a selective survival of the fleshier individuals or strains.</p>
+
+<p>7. The ontogenetic curve of build, expressed by relative chest-girth,
+is expressed by <a href="#figure2">figure 1</a> and (for infancy) <a href="#figure2">figure 2</a>. It shows that at
+birth chest-girth is about two-thirds of stature and diminishes in the
+male to the age of 12 years; thereafter, on the average, it rises to
+complete maturity.</p>
+
+<p>8. Build declines temporarily during the first month of life, owing
+to the physiological difficulties attending adjustment to new conditions.
+It declines temporarily, again, at about 8 months, probably
+due to the cutting of the incisor teeth.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">[153]</span></p>
+
+<p>9. The heavy build of the infant corresponds to that of the short-legged
+anthropoids. The long-legged, slender-build stage of the boy
+of 12 years persists in the Nilotic negroes and many low-grade feeble-minded.</p>
+
+<p>10. In adult life the changes in build vary with families. In those
+characterized by slender build there is typically little change. In
+those characterized by fleshy build there is typically progressive increase
+in weight to 50 years. In some families weight fluctuates
+greatly at different periods of adult life. In general, though with
+numerous exceptions, a fleshy adult build is foreshadowed in plump
+build in childhood.</p>
+
+<p>11. Mass studies on adult build give a polygon of distribution
+which is skew, the mode being toward the slenderer end of the
+polygon. There is evidence of more than one mode, and hence that
+there are two or more types of build. For purposes of description
+five classes of build are recognized—very slender, slender, medium,
+fleshy, and very fleshy.</p>
+
+<p>12. The diseases associated with very slender and slender build are:
+tuberculosis, pneumonia, “nervousness,” melancholia. The diseases
+associated with very fleshy or fleshy build are: diabetes, nephritis
+and dropsy, apoplexy, and arterio-sclerosis and paralysis accompanying
+it; also numerous diseases of the alimentary tract.</p>
+
+<p>13. Fleshy parents have, on the average, in our data, larger families
+than slender parents.</p>
+
+<p>14. Regression toward mediocrity is less striking in the offspring of
+slender than of fleshy parents, suggesting that fleshy parents carry
+not only genes for fleshiness but also for slenderness, while slender
+parents more rarely carry genes for fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>15. The offspring of two fleshy parents are twice as variable as
+those of slender parents.</p>
+
+<p>16. The hypothesis is indicated that genetically build is controlled
+by multiple factors, with fleshiness tending slightly to dominate over
+slenderness.</p>
+
+<p>17. There is a marked tendency for persons of similar build (or
+with potentialities for such) to intermarry. Dissimilar builds are
+selected against.</p>
+
+<p>18. Two slender parents of slender stock have rarely any progeny
+whose index of build exceeds 2.2, or just above the upper limit of the
+slender group. In general, the progeny of slender parents are relatively
+slightly variable.</p>
+
+<p>19. The slender parents are apparently of two kinds: those carrying
+only one kind of factor for fleshy build and the other two such
+gametic factors. The progeny of the former are very slightly variable;
+those of the latter more variable.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_154">[154]</span></p>
+
+<p>20. By comparing coefficients of variability instead of indices, and
+by making allowance for the greater range of the fleshy class than the
+slender class, it still appears that the progeny of fleshy parents are
+relatively and per unit range more variable than the progeny of
+slender parents. Absolutely the offspring of the fleshy parents are,
+as stated, twice as variable as of slender parents.</p>
+
+<p>21. The matings of slender parents and fleshy parents of fleshy
+stock yield a variable progeny, such as is typically found in the F₁
+generation when multiple factors are concerned. The variability is
+between that of the progeny of slender matings and that of the
+progeny of fleshy matings.</p>
+
+<p>22. The F₁ generation has not a mode of build that is intermediate
+between that of the parental stocks, but one that is about the same
+as of the fleshy matings. This is evidence of partial dominance of
+fleshiness.</p>
+
+<p>23. The mating of two heterozygous (F₁) parents produces, in general,
+an exceptionally variable progeny. This is one of the strongest
+evidences of the presence of genetical factors in build.</p>
+
+<p>24. Many, if not most, parents of medium build belong to biotypes
+with 1 or 2 independent factors for build. Consequently the progeny
+of medium × medium matings is often strikingly invariable.</p>
+
+<p>25. The “back-cross” of a heterozygous parent with a slender parent,
+on the one hand, or with a fleshy parent of fleshy stock, on the
+other, gives a variable progeny, whose mode is shifted toward fleshiness;
+but which shows a tendency to fall again into the slender (or
+fleshy) and medium-fleshy grandparental types.</p>
+
+<p>26. Variations in build are not to be accounted for merely by variations
+in intake and out-go of calories, but also by the endogenous
+factors that determine the “economy of nutrition” or the cost in
+energy of adding an additional kilogram of weight to the body. The
+factors involved in producing differences in these respects are
+hereditary factors.</p>
+
+<p>27. The hereditary factors probably work through the intermediacy
+of special organs that influence metabolism, notably the endocrine
+glands. The latter thus intermediate between the chromosomal constitution,
+on the one hand, and control of metabolic processes, on the
+other.</p>
+
+<p>28. The number of factors involved in very fleshy build is, in some
+cases at least, three independent ones. But the number is probably
+not the same in all biotypes. Probably in some there is only one,
+in others four or more.</p>
+
+<p>29. The factors probably influence the functioning of the thyroid,
+pituitary, and perhaps other glands.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_155">[155]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="APPENDIX">APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><a href="#tableI">I-XV.</a> Tables of matings and progeny based on the original family histories.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#tableXVI">XVI.</a> Indices of build, weight ÷ (stature)², for weights from 100 to 225 pounds
+and 45.4 to 102 kg.; statures from 55 to 78 inches and 140 to 198 cm.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#tableXVII">XVII.</a> Equivalent values of index of build by four different systems of ratios between
+weight and stature, English system.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#tableXVIII">XVIII.</a> To transmute the English system of index of build to the metric system.</p>
+
+<h3>ABBREVIATIONS.</h3>
+
+<p>In top line of tables: F, father; M, mother; FF, father’s father; FM, father’s
+mother, etc.</p>
+
+<p>In body of tables: ca, cancer; E, epilepsy; F, fleshy; hf, heart failure; I, insane;
+M-D, mania-depressive insanity; M, medium build; S, slender; su, suicide; t,
+tuberculosis; V, very (slender, etc.); yg, young; † or d, died; * refers to special
+families not included in the construction of <a href="#figure7">figure 7</a>, or <a href="#table11">tables 11</a> and <a href="#table12">12</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableI"><span class="smcap">Table I.</span>—<i>Very slender × very slender matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<p>This mating is not represented in our data. This table is nevertheless indicated and
+numbered in order to secure the proper ordinal position of the following tables.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableII"><span class="smcap">Table II.</span>—<i>Slender × very slender matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cod 1</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Fun</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>26 27 29</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>27 31 31</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jos 1</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Leo</td>
+    <td>VS S S</td>
+    <td>27 S</td>
+    <td>VS</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>2 S</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Nob 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>26 23</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Pal&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_13" href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43 VS&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>S F</td>
+    <td>VS</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch 37</td>
+    <td>31 27</td>
+    <td>30 29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>33±</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>27±</td>
+    <td>29t</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding families with *) 26.13<br>
+Number of matings: 4 + 3* = 7<br>
+Total number of progeny: 11 + 9* = 20</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">100</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="label">[12]</a> Four adolescents are all below standard weight but 1, who
+is 5 pounds above.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13" class="label">[13]</a> An invalid.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableIII"><span class="smcap">Table III.</span>—<i>Very slender × medium matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ach 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27 33 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bic 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_14" href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29 33 32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>VS</td>
+    <td>t, t, t, t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gay 3</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>t</td>
+    <td>I</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Gru 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30 33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hil 8&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ise 2</td>
+    <td class="nw">28 36 34 33 32</td>
+    <td>31 30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil A</td>
+    <td>43 37</td>
+    <td class="nw">33 22 31 42</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td class="nw">S M F F F F</td>
+    <td>22</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Wit 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_17" href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></td>
+    <td>33 29t</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>22</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+    <td>t, t</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents, 28.38<br>
+Total number of matings, 8<br>
+Total number of progeny, 28</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">607</td>
+    <td class="tdr">107</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14" class="label">[14]</a> F died, 39 years, pulmonary tuberculosis. M liable to
+tuberculosis of throat and lungs.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15" class="label">[15]</a> Female, 13 years, has already the build of her next older
+sister (33?).</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16" class="label">[16]</a> F died, 39 years, tuberculosis.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_17" href="#FNanchor_17" class="label">[17]</a> FM died, tuberculosis. M insane and tuberculous in middle
+life: died, 51 years.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">[156]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableIV"><span class="smcap">Table IV.</span>—<i>Very slender × fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hol A</td>
+    <td class="nw">32 40 34 33 27</td>
+    <td class="nw">46 34 25 29</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kut 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_18" href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Law A</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>30 28 35</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="nw">F M S M F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Olm A</td>
+    <td>43 51 41 32 37</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Wat 5&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_19" href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>27 33 32 33</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>4 S</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents, 32.00<br>
+Number of matings, 5<br>
+Total number of progeny, 25</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">280</td>
+    <td class="tdr">80</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_18" href="#FNanchor_18" class="label">[18]</a> Tendency to tuberculosis on maternal side.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_19" href="#FNanchor_19" class="label">[19]</a> FF had one sister who had at least three F children.
+Apparently there is an F strain on Father’s side. MF had two sibs who
+were large and tall. MM had both S and F close relatives; one sister was
+S.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableV"><span class="smcap">Table V.</span>—<i>Very slender × very fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<p>There is only one example of this mating described at <a href="#Page_97">page 97</a>.</p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableVI"><span class="smcap">Table VI.</span>—<i>Slender × slender matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ada 4</td>
+    <td>28 27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bec 9</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>33†t</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>†su, 2†&nbsp;Brights, 1 M-D.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fel 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_20" href="#Footnote_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hay 4&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_21" href="#Footnote_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>S†t</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Hay 12&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_22" href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></td>
+    <td>32 27</td>
+    <td>M S</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td class="nw">S S S M M M</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>MT</td>
+    <td>22</td>
+    <td>S S S C C C</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hen 12</td>
+    <td>32 28±</td>
+    <td>22 26±</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ker 5</td>
+    <td>25 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Law 4</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Law 7</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lou 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25 26</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McA 2</td>
+    <td>28 29</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC 11</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ran 4</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>27 25</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch 8</td>
+    <td>30 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sco 5</td>
+    <td>32 30 30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Shi 5</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Smi</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>All F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ste 9</td>
+    <td>29 30</td>
+    <td>29 S</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 23</td>
+    <td class="nw">27 33 28 27</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>You 9&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_23" href="#Footnote_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">A: 01-44</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A: 01-19</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A: 01-60</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A: 01-63</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 27.87<br>
+Number of matings, 23 + 1* = 24<br>
+Total number of progeny, 47 + 2* + 2 non-quantitative = 51</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">98</td>
+    <td class="tdr">686</td>
+    <td class="tdr">215</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_20" href="#FNanchor_20" class="label">[20]</a> FFF, build 36; FFM, build 27; FMF, build 28.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_21" href="#FNanchor_21" class="label">[21]</a> 3 adolescent children are S.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_22" href="#FNanchor_22" class="label">[22]</a> M’s sib (F) has one F and one M child.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_23" href="#FNanchor_23" class="label">[23]</a> F’s weight may have been reduced by bronchial trouble.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">[157]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableVII"><span class="smcap">Table VII.</span>—<i>Slender × medium matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Alv A</td>
+    <td>36 32 30</td>
+    <td>40 28</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38 29</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>39  39 41</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Alt</td>
+    <td>43 38 33</td>
+    <td>42 32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Atw 2</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>1F 3S</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bal 3</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32 33</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Bak 8&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_24" href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></td>
+    <td>34 33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bes 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_25" href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></td>
+    <td>33 35 35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>3 F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bla 11</td>
+    <td>40 33 35 35</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>3†t 2F 1S</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>S S S M M F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Blo 3</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bou 3</td>
+    <td>37 34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bou 4</td>
+    <td>32 32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Blu 2</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>34 27 33</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bra 4</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bri 2</td>
+    <td>35 33 33 31</td>
+    <td>28 30 30 30 33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 36</td>
+    <td>41 32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bru A</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33 32 31 29 28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bru 2</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38 32 34 28</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cha 6</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29 26 28</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 1</td>
+    <td>31 37 34</td>
+    <td>36 29</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cob 1</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>27 33 31 31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Col 19</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Clo 2</td>
+    <td>31 32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Com 2</td>
+    <td>35 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cos 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_26" href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cra 6</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cru 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_27" href="#Footnote_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dew 1</td>
+    <td>41 35 35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dic A&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_28" href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></td>
+    <td>42* 32 31</td>
+    <td>29 29</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>28 28 31 29 31 30 28 29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dic 3&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_29" href="#Footnote_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a></td>
+    <td>45 34</td>
+    <td>26 34 27 33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dic 6</td>
+    <td>30 35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>VF</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>VF</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dow 7</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30 32</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dra 4&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_30" href="#Footnote_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dun A</td>
+    <td>44 38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>27 29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eps 2</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fan 1</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fin 1</td>
+    <td>43 38 37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fin 8</td>
+    <td>36 34 30</td>
+    <td>33 32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fol 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>For 9</td>
+    <td>36 38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fra 9</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>44 43 42</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Goo 6</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28 28</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gra 3</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hal B&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_31" href="#Footnote_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>50 47 40 38 36</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 29 29* 27*</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Har 35&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_32" href="#Footnote_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Haw 5&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_33" href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a></td>
+    <td>40 31 32</td>
+    <td>33 31 38</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hei 4</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hod 3</td>
+    <td>37 30 35 37</td>
+    <td>36 34 34 28 35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 7</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>1t</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hea 3</td>
+    <td>30 37</td>
+    <td>31 33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>3†t. 1†ca</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hef 1</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hos 3</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hox 2</td>
+    <td>S M M M M</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hut 3</td>
+    <td>33 33 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jic 1</td>
+    <td>33 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Joh 18</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jon 15</td>
+    <td>35 38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_158">[158]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kaa A</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>49 35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M M M S F VF</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kau 5</td>
+    <td>36 37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kel A</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>41 32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Leo 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_34" href="#Footnote_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a></td>
+    <td>34 35</td>
+    <td>37 28</td>
+    <td>35&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a></td>
+    <td>T</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Leo 9</td>
+    <td>32 39 32 35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lip 3</td>
+    <td>35 35 34</td>
+    <td>36 35 39 36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lit 4</td>
+    <td>37 33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Loo 1</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Man 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_35" href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>28&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M  F</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mar 8</td>
+    <td>34 39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>May 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC A</td>
+    <td>51 35</td>
+    <td>26 32</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M M M M M</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McM 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_36" href="#Footnote_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a></td>
+    <td>36 35 M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil 29</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>32 35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mit 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 40</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mon 3</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Moo 4</td>
+    <td>30 33 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Oha 1</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Oli 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>One 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>T</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Osb 6</td>
+    <td>34 41 35</td>
+    <td>30 45 36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Par 3</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Per 6</td>
+    <td>38 39 36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Per 8</td>
+    <td>38 31 32 34 33 33 33</td>
+    <td>31 32 32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rei 4</td>
+    <td>29 30 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rid A</td>
+    <td>36 47 33 48</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46 45 30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rim 1</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>32 34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ran 1</td>
+    <td>29 32 31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Row 6</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31 33 32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rug 1</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rus 5</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ste 29</td>
+    <td>31 26</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Thr 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_37" href="#Footnote_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a></td>
+    <td>32 38 35* 37 35 39‡ 35</td>
+    <td>45 46 40</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>S S S S F</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>S S M</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Val 1</td>
+    <td>32 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van 16</td>
+    <td>39 33 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wal 5</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wel 3</td>
+    <td>32 33</td>
+    <td>29 35 35</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wes 5</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wey 2</td>
+    <td>34 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Whi 15</td>
+    <td>36 37 34 36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Woo 14</td>
+    <td>36 32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36 29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wri 1</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">A: 01-16</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A: 01-50</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>A: 01-9</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents, 30.90<br>
+Number of matings, 101<br>
+Total progeny, 306 + 7 non-quantitative = 313</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_24" href="#FNanchor_24" class="label">[24]</a> In middle life; build 35 to 27.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_25" href="#FNanchor_25" class="label">[25]</a> 2 adolescent children; build 29 and 36.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_26" href="#FNanchor_26" class="label">[26]</a> Medium father carries S gametes; 2 adolescent S children.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_27" href="#FNanchor_27" class="label">[27]</a> 3 adolescent children who are slender.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_28" href="#FNanchor_28" class="label">[28]</a> MF’s sibs: 4d. 96 years; 5 others at over 65 years; men
+weighed 160 to 175 pounds, women 125 to 145 pounds. Height respectively
+69 to 71 inches; 65 to 66 inches. MM’s family all became VF after 36
+years; * gained build 51 at 58 years.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_29" href="#FNanchor_29" class="label">[29]</a> MM reduced in build by old age.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_30" href="#FNanchor_30" class="label">[30]</a> Also 1 adolescent male child, slender.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_31" href="#FNanchor_31" class="label">[31]</a> * and * are twins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_32" href="#FNanchor_32" class="label">[32]</a> MF had 3 sibs died of tuberculosis; FF had 3 sisters died
+of tuberculosis.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_33" href="#FNanchor_33" class="label">[33]</a> 3 children died young.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_34" href="#FNanchor_34" class="label">[34]</a> 2 sibs and a nephew died of tuberculosis.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_35" href="#FNanchor_35" class="label">[35]</a> Sib died of tuberculosis.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_36" href="#FNanchor_36" class="label">[36]</a> MF and MM were second cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_37" href="#FNanchor_37" class="label">[37]</a> Many F relatives who had muscular rheumatism: * has a
+daughter, build 45; ‡ has a daughter build 45.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">[159]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableVIII"><span class="smcap">Table VIII.</span>—<i>Slender × fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ale 2</td>
+    <td>39 34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>F 2†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 30</td>
+    <td>33 37 45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 16</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>42 38</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bus 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28 38</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Coh 4</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Coo 6</td>
+    <td>37 37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cor 3</td>
+    <td>33 30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>S F F 1†t</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M S</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cul 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Den 6</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29 33</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33t</td>
+    <td>35 ca</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dex 1</td>
+    <td>33 36 33</td>
+    <td>33 38</td>
+    <td>42ca</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dob 2</td>
+    <td>31 33 36 32</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Doo 3</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>29 31</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dud 1</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>61</td>
+    <td>10 F-VF, 1S(t)</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>28t</td>
+    <td>3 of 12 F or VF</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eds 2</td>
+    <td>31 34</td>
+    <td>32 32 39</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>I F</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>6 above normal build</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Elk 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 30 34 33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Emm A</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39 31 27 32 31</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fin 1</td>
+    <td>43 39 38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fit 2</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gri 1</td>
+    <td>34 36</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gui 3</td>
+    <td>37 33 33 34</td>
+    <td>30 40 39</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Har 3B</td>
+    <td>38 34 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Has 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 30 30</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hok 1</td>
+    <td>34 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hot 1</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hul 2</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>26 27 25 30 23 29</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Kra 4&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_38" href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a></td>
+    <td>29 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kra 5</td>
+    <td>31 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lon A</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>35 M S VS</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39 34 30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lyn 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mer B</td>
+    <td>38 33</td>
+    <td>34 31 29</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Met A</td>
+    <td>40 41 37</td>
+    <td>41 35</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>37 35 35 46 35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33±</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>35 32 31 30 28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil 7</td>
+    <td>38 38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor 28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC B</td>
+    <td>43 38 34 33 29 32</td>
+    <td>38 42 39</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC 16</td>
+    <td>38 37</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>1†hf, 1†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC 18</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>33 44</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Ofi</td>
+    <td>VF M</td>
+    <td>42 36 F VF F 43</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F F F M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>7 F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pad 1</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ric 5</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34 31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31t</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rom 1</td>
+    <td>35 33 34 35</td>
+    <td>39 31 33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>3t</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>C</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>She 12</td>
+    <td>38 34 32 32</td>
+    <td>42 37</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Smi&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_39" href="#Footnote_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a></td>
+    <td>41 M  35 30</td>
+    <td>47 31 S 48</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Spe A</td>
+    <td>37 35 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40 40 31 31</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35 22 43</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tat A</td>
+    <td>39 40</td>
+    <td>38 36</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>55 35 30 31 29</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van 3</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>26 37</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Van</td>
+    <td>37 41</td>
+    <td>S S 43</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>S 39</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wal 4</td>
+    <td>39 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wat&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_40" href="#Footnote_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a></td>
+    <td>30 37 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 35</td>
+    <td>34 32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31 29</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Woo 7</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding families with *), 33.85.<br>
+Number of matings, 49 + 3* = 52.<br>
+Total No. of progeny, 155 + 21* + 3 non-quantitative = 179.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26</td>
+    <td class="tdr">85</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional freq. per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">475</td>
+    <td class="tdr">318</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_38" href="#FNanchor_38" class="label">[38]</a> Kra 4, by first wife; Kra 5, by second wife.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_39" href="#FNanchor_39" class="label">[39]</a> All this family were slender till about 20 years, then
+became fleshy. The slender persons are still young.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_40" href="#FNanchor_40" class="label">[40]</a> MMMM build 36; MMM 30; MFM 27; MFF 33.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_160">[160]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableIX"><span class="smcap">Table IX.</span>—<i>Slender × very fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Arn 5&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_41" href="#Footnote_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ban 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_42" href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a></td>
+    <td>39 39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>t t</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>5 F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ben 8</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bon A</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="nw">29 27 28 28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Bun</td>
+    <td>44 33</td>
+    <td>25.5 32</td>
+    <td>57</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cle 5</td>
+    <td>30 39 35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>54</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>3 F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Coo</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48 34</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F F S S</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>48 40</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fen 1</td>
+    <td>38 33 30 32</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Har 15&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_43" href="#Footnote_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a></td>
+    <td>39 33 34</td>
+    <td>40(t) 37</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 9</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31(t) 36</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>How 8&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_44" href="#Footnote_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a></td>
+    <td class="nw">35 38 37 39‡ 41‡</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>t t t</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kro 3</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Leo</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td class="nw">51 S S 46 F</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>45 46</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tea A</td>
+    <td>46 31 28</td>
+    <td>31 32</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding families with *), 37.91.<br>
+Number of matings, 11 + 3* = 14.<br>
+Total number of progeny 34 + 12 = 46.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional freq. per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">370</td>
+    <td class="tdr">326</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_41" href="#FNanchor_41" class="label">[41]</a> M died, 46 years, tuberculosis; M’s sib died of hardening
+of lungs; MF tuberculosis; MM tuberculosis, but recovered.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_42" href="#FNanchor_42" class="label">[42]</a> M underwent senile degeneration after menopause.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_43" href="#FNanchor_43" class="label">[43]</a> MM had “delicate lungs.”</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_44" href="#FNanchor_44" class="label">[44]</a> ‡ Twins.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_161">[161]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableX"><span class="smcap">Table X.</span>—<i>Medium × medium matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Abe 1</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>33 29 34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>All A</td>
+    <td>37 29</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Aus 3</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bac 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bar 10</td>
+    <td>32 32 30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bat 2</td>
+    <td>33 32 35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>31t</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bea 7</td>
+    <td>34 32</td>
+    <td>32 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bec 6</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bet 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bis 5</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bow 3</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32 32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bra 10</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>38 39 36</td>
+    <td>35±</td>
+    <td>35±</td>
+    <td>35±</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 18</td>
+    <td class="nw">32 36 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31t</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>(t)</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cas 4</td>
+    <td>43 41 34</td>
+    <td>37 32 34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>29t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Chr 2</td>
+    <td>32 36</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33±</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Coo 5</td>
+    <td>38 35 36 31 36 37 33</td>
+    <td>37 41 36 38</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>(t)</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dex 2</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>t, t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dic 4</td>
+    <td>32 31 33</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dra 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34t</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eat A</td>
+    <td>34 36 35 36 38 38</td>
+    <td>42 33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 35 42 30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36 39 41 33</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fie 2</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fis 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_45" href="#Footnote_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>37 37 40 33 39 37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fra 3A</td>
+    <td>35 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>39±</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fri 3</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gil 15</td>
+    <td>42 39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31±</td>
+    <td>33±</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33t</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>God 2</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>27 31 31 31 30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gol 4</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32 30</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gor 7</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Hal 16&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_46" href="#Footnote_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Haw 6</td>
+    <td>35 32 35 29 30</td>
+    <td>29 29 27 33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Haw 7</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hen 6</td>
+    <td>35 36</td>
+    <td>42 35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hod 1</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hop 5</td>
+    <td>35 35 27</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hut 4</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30±</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ill 1</td>
+    <td>39 35 34 33</td>
+    <td>35 38 37 37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Joh 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_47" href="#Footnote_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jon 20</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jor 1</td>
+    <td>36 41</td>
+    <td>38 32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kel 4a</td>
+    <td>34 32 S</td>
+    <td>M (t) M M 31</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kim 1</td>
+    <td>29 35 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lan 8</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lau 2</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lev 2</td>
+    <td>34 30</td>
+    <td>36 39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37±</td>
+    <td>51±</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lex A</td>
+    <td>47 36 36</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34 35 36</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Llo 4</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Loe A</td>
+    <td>46 38 38 36</td>
+    <td>56</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mar 22</td>
+    <td>33 36 32 31</td>
+    <td>40 36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mas 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mat 13</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36 35 37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mer 8</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41 36 40 37 33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>Mt</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>E</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_162">[162]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mou 2</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>4†t</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>30t</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>4†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mur A</td>
+    <td>35 30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>37 37</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>40 32 31 28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McC 12</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McP A&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_48" href="#Footnote_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a></td>
+    <td>36
+    32 34 33 35 35 39 37</td>
+    <td>32 36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>41 36 34 40 40 31 33&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> 37</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>36 33 29 40</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nes 1</td>
+    <td>32 41 33 33</td>
+    <td>51 37</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nor 6</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Obr 1</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Old 2</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33 35 33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Osb 4</td>
+    <td>34 32</td>
+    <td>25 30 31</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pag 2</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pai 2</td>
+    <td>28(t) 41 33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pat 5</td>
+    <td>33 38</td>
+    <td>31 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pan 3</td>
+    <td>35 32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>Mt</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pot 5</td>
+    <td>36 40 35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pro 1</td>
+    <td>37 39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>F F(t) 39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ras 1</td>
+    <td>36 33 33</td>
+    <td>36 39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ric 9</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30±</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ric 11</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rig 1</td>
+    <td>34 32</td>
+    <td>30 32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34±</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Riz 11</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30 29 34 28</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rue 1</td>
+    <td>35 34 33 27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rup 1</td>
+    <td>31 40 38 36 31 30</td>
+    <td>30 33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sam 3&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_49" href="#Footnote_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a></td>
+    <td>30 30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch 11</td>
+    <td>35 38 36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sco 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>She 6</td>
+    <td>37 34 40</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sle 3</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 35 34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi 33</td>
+    <td>36 36 36 37</td>
+    <td>31 32 31 36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Smi</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S M</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sto 13</td>
+    <td>33±</td>
+    <td>38 38 36 38 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sut 3</td>
+    <td>31 30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tag A</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>31 34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>47 36 36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34 32 40 38 31 37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tet A&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_50" href="#Footnote_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a></td>
+    <td>49* 43 36 30</td>
+    <td>41 49 30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>65</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tor 1</td>
+    <td>35 39</td>
+    <td>36 34</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>7 avg. build or above.</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>Avg. or under</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van 13</td>
+    <td>40 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35t</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35t</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Vib A</td>
+    <td>39 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33 33 40</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>War 3</td>
+    <td>30 31 32 30 33 33</td>
+    <td>32 30 32 36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>St</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Whi 17</td>
+    <td>33 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Whi 22</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>You 2</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">A: 01-26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29 41 39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 33.23.<br>
+Number of matings, 92 + 1* = 93.<br>
+Total No. of progeny, 327 + 1* + 4 non-quantitative = 332.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40</td>
+    <td class="tdr">201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">82</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">605</td>
+    <td class="tdr">247</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_45" href="#FNanchor_45" class="label">[45]</a> MM and MF were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_46" href="#FNanchor_46" class="label">[46]</a> FF and FM were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_47" href="#FNanchor_47" class="label">[47]</a> Weak lungs.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_48" href="#FNanchor_48" class="label">[48]</a> Spinal trouble.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_49" href="#FNanchor_49" class="label">[49]</a> M and F were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_50" href="#FNanchor_50" class="label">[50]</a> * has undersized wife and 2 children; male, build 49;
+female, build 46.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_163">[163]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXI"><span class="smcap">Table XI.</span>—<i>Medium × fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ade 1</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32t</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ale 2</td>
+    <td>32 37 36 36 36</td>
+    <td>28 31 33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bal 5</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>2 F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bar 24</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Beh 2</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>41±</td>
+    <td>St</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35±</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ben 11</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bit 3&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_51" href="#Footnote_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a></td>
+    <td>38 38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Blo 1</td>
+    <td class="nw">36 35 35 41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>Mt</td>
+    <td>2 †t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bot 1</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35 37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 23</td>
+    <td>36 33 33 30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cam B</td>
+    <td>47 45 45</td>
+    <td>38 38 30</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cam 5</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34 36 40</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Car 17</td>
+    <td>32 38 35</td>
+    <td>35 (t) 29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cas 9</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cha 7</td>
+    <td>36 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cha 12</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>30 33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Che 7</td>
+    <td>30 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cle 2</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36 38 32 33</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Col 14</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Con 11&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_52" href="#Footnote_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 49</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cra 11</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>1 t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cra 14</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>32 36</td>
+    <td>38t</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cri 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cur 5</td>
+    <td>30 30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dan A</td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>36 46 47</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dav 6</td>
+    <td>38 32 32 32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>3††</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dea 1</td>
+    <td>36 34</td>
+    <td>42 35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dem 1</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dra 9</td>
+    <td>36 34</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ebe 1</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Edm 2</td>
+    <td>37 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eil A</td>
+    <td>33 33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>37 41 38 34 34 35 33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34 34 32</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eng 3</td>
+    <td>38 36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Eva 7</td>
+    <td>34 33 32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Flo 2</td>
+    <td>33 35 33</td>
+    <td>33 36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fou 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 36</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fri 5</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>34 37</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fri 9</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Glu 1</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F VF</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Goo 4</td>
+    <td>33 33 32 33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>ca 34</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38t</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gra 4</td>
+    <td>33 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hal 12</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35 29</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>22</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hal 17</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hal 22</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32t</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>2†t</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hed 6</td>
+    <td>40 38 33</td>
+    <td>44 37 37</td>
+    <td>39±</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33±</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hen 3</td>
+    <td>32 32 31 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hen 11</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 5</td>
+    <td>37 34 41 32 33</td>
+    <td>31 34 33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>Mt</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>†tb</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>Mt</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jac 3</td>
+    <td>38 39 36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jon 12</td>
+    <td>33 35 33</td>
+    <td>37 30 31</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jen 9</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kel 6</td>
+    <td>34 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ken 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kin 10</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 36 34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kle A</td>
+    <td>58 41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Kuh 2</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lan 11</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lar A</td>
+    <td>43 37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39 32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>39 48</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lov 2</td>
+    <td>31 29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lut 1</td>
+    <td>33 32 34 36</td>
+    <td>33 31 31</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_164">[164]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Met 1</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mer 4</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mey 5</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34 36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>4 weak</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil 11</td>
+    <td>34 32 34</td>
+    <td>40 32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mil 23</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor A</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>42 41 43 29</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>50 44 39 39 39</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32 30 32</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mor 16</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Moy 1</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mye A</td>
+    <td>42 36 54</td>
+    <td>33 33 35</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>46 42 37 36 31 27</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>34 34 37 40 32 30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mye 1</td>
+    <td>32 34</td>
+    <td>32 35 32 33</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McF 2</td>
+    <td>32 39 36</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McM 7</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>26 32</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>New 10</td>
+    <td>32 41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nix 2</td>
+    <td>35 38</td>
+    <td>32 33</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>3†t</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>4†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nol B</td>
+    <td>41 38</td>
+    <td>38 28</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31 34</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Ofi</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>27 57</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>VF</td>
+    <td>6F VF</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>VF 36 M VF M M 43</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ole 1</td>
+    <td>34 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pap 1</td>
+    <td>32 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pec 6</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Phi A</td>
+    <td>37 53 47 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>46 38 30 38</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>54 51</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pot 4</td>
+    <td>35 38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pri 6&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_53" href="#Footnote_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33t</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pro 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pug 2</td>
+    <td>34 42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rei 8</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rob 12</td>
+    <td>40 38</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Roe 3</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29 37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rog A</td>
+    <td>42 39 34 33 32 32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td>30 29</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36 37 38 39 36 30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ryl 1</td>
+    <td>35 34</td>
+    <td>35 35 32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sar 2&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_54" href="#Footnote_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>2†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sau A</td>
+    <td>43 30 41 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 43</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>54 30 39 31 32 32</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch 12</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sey 1</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>30 30</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sid 1</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>31 31</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 36 36 32 34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi 20</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Spi 5</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Spi 7</td>
+    <td>35 33</td>
+    <td>S S 28 50</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>2 F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sta 7&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_55" href="#Footnote_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a></td>
+    <td>37§ 37§ 37</td>
+    <td>36 30 33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Str 7</td>
+    <td>36 35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tho 22</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Thr 3</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tra 4&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_56" href="#Footnote_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a></td>
+    <td>38 42 41</td>
+    <td>33 32</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>VF</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van 10</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Van 12</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39 36 32</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Voo 1</td>
+    <td>}38 40 37 34</td>
+    <td>30 35 32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Voo A</td>
+    <td>}</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wak 1</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29 32 33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wan 2</td>
+    <td>34 M 35 M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>All nervous</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 10</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Wil 22&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_57" href="#Footnote_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a></td>
+    <td>36 36 41 35 32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Win 7</td>
+    <td>38 35</td>
+    <td>38 40 34</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Woo 8</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wri 3</td>
+    <td>34 32</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>You A</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>40 36 33 37 40</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Zec 1</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 36.45.<br>
+Number of matings, 114 + 1* = 115.<br>
+Total number of progeny, 340 + 2* + 4 non-quantitative = 346.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31</td>
+    <td class="tdr">210</td>
+    <td class="tdr">88</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">90</td>
+    <td class="tdr">606</td>
+    <td class="tdr">255</td>
+    <td class="tdr">49</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_51" href="#FNanchor_51" class="label">[51]</a> MF and MM were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_52" href="#FNanchor_52" class="label">[52]</a> F and M were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_53" href="#FNanchor_53" class="label">[53]</a> FF and FM were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_54" href="#FNanchor_54" class="label">[54]</a> F and M were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_55" href="#FNanchor_55" class="label">[55]</a> § and § were twins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_56" href="#FNanchor_56" class="label">[56]</a> F and M were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_57" href="#FNanchor_57" class="label">[57]</a> MF and MM were first cousins.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_165">[165]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXII"><span class="smcap">Table XII.</span>—<i>Medium × very fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ada 7</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Arm 5</td>
+    <td>31 32</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Arm 6</td>
+    <td>35 39 39 40 33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bau 1</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bei 1</td>
+    <td>32 35</td>
+    <td>29 32</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ber A</td>
+    <td>79 105 45 50 39</td>
+    <td>41 39</td>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46 46</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bow A</td>
+    <td>42 35 39</td>
+    <td>32 45 31</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>32 32 32 34 33 33 40 33 43</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td>33 39 39 39 32 32 40 27</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cam 7</td>
+    <td>38 25 27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31t</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Can 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td class="nw">33t 33 39 43</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dre 3</td>
+    <td>35 40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dun 1</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37 43 34 38</td>
+    <td>57</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32t</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>2†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fog A</td>
+    <td>39 40</td>
+    <td>49 35 34</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>46 38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46 37 53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gif 2</td>
+    <td>37 35</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hay 9</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hoa A</td>
+    <td>33 44</td>
+    <td>25 29</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 6</td>
+    <td>34 38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>25</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>29t</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ing 3</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>32 31</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35t</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mer A</td>
+    <td>45 35 33 33 29</td>
+    <td>34 45 30</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37 48 46</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McG 5</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Oat 1</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>29t</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ole 2</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ran 5</td>
+    <td>45 39</td>
+    <td>34 46 34</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>Ft</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ran 7</td>
+    <td>34 37</td>
+    <td>31 36 37 37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ric 25</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch A</td>
+    <td>46 40 46</td>
+    <td>52 50 48</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>54</td>
+    <td>55</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Sch 26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33 36</td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sev 1</td>
+    <td class="nw">31 36 32 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>War 16</td>
+    <td>35 38</td>
+    <td>32 32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wey A</td>
+    <td>45 43 37</td>
+    <td>35 37 41</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>32 33 30 30 32 44 37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>32 30 37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Win 6</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents, 40.68.<br>
+Number of matings, 30.<br>
+Total number of progeny, 112.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">63</td>
+    <td class="tdr">446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">321</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_166">[166]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXIII"><span class="smcap">Table XIII.</span>—<i>Fleshy × fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ben 9</td>
+    <td>37 35 36</td>
+    <td class="nw">31 35 34 34</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Beh A</td>
+    <td>43 37 32 31 29 47</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>40 39 45</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>VF VF 40 27 35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bur 14</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bur 21</td>
+    <td>31 36</td>
+    <td>37 32 34 41 29</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>But 2</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cat 1</td>
+    <td>33 38 34</td>
+    <td>42 40</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>1†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 12</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>43 35 35</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dar 7</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>47 26 44</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>2 t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dol 3</td>
+    <td>33 36 36</td>
+    <td>32 34</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Elm A</td>
+    <td>42 32</td>
+    <td>35 34 36 36 29</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Fea 2</td>
+    <td>32 33 30</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>For A</td>
+    <td>39 39 32</td>
+    <td>52 49 28 29</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>29 29 27 28 27 28 27</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>32 31 32 30 54 25 30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hor 1</td>
+    <td>35 35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hod A</td>
+    <td>51 29 42 47 42 47 43</td>
+    <td>31 28 49</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41 49 41 36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jam A</td>
+    <td>45 34 34</td>
+    <td>43 41</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Jen 7</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>42 38 36</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Jon 11c&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_58" href="#Footnote_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a></td>
+    <td>37 39 37</td>
+    <td>37 40 37 40 44&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a>
+    35&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> 42</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>36 31 43 44 34 33 33 38 39</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>36 34 37 35 34 37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lan A</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29 36 37</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lic 2</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lin 8</td>
+    <td>36 36</td>
+    <td>38 36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Mar 20</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McW 2</td>
+    <td class="nw">39 41 38 38</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>24</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nel 5</td>
+    <td>37 38 35 35 35</td>
+    <td>36 35 36 42 34</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Pal&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_59" href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></td>
+    <td>M
+     M</td>
+    <td>61+</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>F&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></td>
+    <td>M&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></td>
+    <td>41 40 28 43 52</td>
+    <td>40+</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pie 1</td>
+    <td>40 40</td>
+    <td>43 40</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pit 1</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37 29 37 30 29</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F S</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>150</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>†t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rat 1</td>
+    <td>45 40</td>
+    <td>37 40</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sle 2</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Smi 40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>36 33 35 35</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Syr 1</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Tel 1</td>
+    <td>47 36 36</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Thr 1a</td>
+    <td>43 38 38</td>
+    <td>42 42 40</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>5 brothers M</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Thr 2</td>
+    <td>53 30 38</td>
+    <td>44 44 44</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>39 37 46 50 35 50 35 35</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Wil 15&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_60" href="#Footnote_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a></td>
+    <td>39 53 42§ 35§</td>
+    <td>35 34</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding family with *), 39.21.<br>
+Number of matings, 33 + 1* = 34.<br>
+Total number of progeny, 156 + 3* = 159.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15</td>
+    <td class="tdr">62</td>
+    <td class="tdr">61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">94</td>
+    <td class="tdr">390</td>
+    <td class="tdr">384</td>
+    <td class="tdr">132</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_58" href="#FNanchor_58" class="label">[58]</a> Feeble-minded.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_59" href="#FNanchor_59" class="label">[59]</a> FF’s sibs fleshy; FM’s sibs are M.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_60" href="#FNanchor_60" class="label">[60]</a> § and § are twins.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_167">[167]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXIV"><span class="smcap">Table XIV.</span>—<i>Fleshy × very fleshy matings and their progeny.</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Ber&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_61" href="#Footnote_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a></td>
+    <td>100 38  50 84&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> 34</td>
+    <td>34 43</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>S S</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48 30</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bol 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_62" href="#Footnote_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bro 10</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>39 35 32</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cen 2</td>
+    <td>33 39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 16</td>
+    <td>36 33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>27 36</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cla 25</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dan B</td>
+    <td>32 32</td>
+    <td>51 31</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S S S S</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>S S S S F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ebe 2</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37 36</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ekb 1</td>
+    <td class="nw">41 46 48 43</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>51 52 45</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Elm B</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Faz&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_63" href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a></td>
+    <td>VF&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a></td>
+    <td>51 47</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F F F F</td>
+    <td>57</td>
+    <td>F‡</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>57</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Flo 3</td>
+    <td>39 42 39 42 40</td>
+    <td>37 36</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gil A</td>
+    <td>53 39</td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>28</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gou A</td>
+    <td>40 35</td>
+    <td>48 32</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>54</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>F F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Gre 7&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_64" href="#Footnote_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a></td>
+    <td>42 37 38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Gug 1</td>
+    <td>43 33 33 34</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Hal 8</td>
+    <td>36 35 33</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>26</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Lou 4</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>41 38 34 38 36</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Lyn</td>
+    <td>F M 31 35 39 46</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>McL A</td>
+    <td>43 35 46 32</td>
+    <td>45 30 42 38 45 30 31 31</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>36 37 39 37 38 40 45 44</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>35 34 35 37 38 37 40 43 45</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Mor</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>S 52 46 F VS</td>
+    <td>VF</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>All F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Moo 11</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>47 35</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>69</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>47</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Nic 5</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Oel A</td>
+    <td>42 35 33</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>3F S</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pan 2</td>
+    <td>39 35 44</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Per A</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>43 42 41</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>37 37 32 34 34</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Pon 1</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>42 33</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>S(t)</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Rec</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>57</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>100</td>
+    <td>53 34 40 38 VF</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Rec</td>
+    <td>53 34 VF 40</td>
+    <td>57 38</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F F</td>
+    <td>100</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>F F S</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Rei 7</td>
+    <td>31 34</td>
+    <td>30</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>72</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>72</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Rid&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_65" href="#Footnote_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a></td>
+    <td>S 47</td>
+    <td class="nw">40 49 VF F S</td>
+    <td>56</td>
+    <td>S&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a></td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>M M F F 41</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Saw A</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Sch B</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>30 42 32 39 35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Ste 18</td>
+    <td>34 43</td>
+    <td>36 35</td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>29</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>50</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>27</td>
+    <td>t</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Voi 1&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_66" href="#Footnote_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td>54</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td>S</td>
+    <td>F</td>
+    <td>†(t)</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Wen&#x2060;<a id="FNanchor_67" href="#Footnote_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a></td>
+    <td>51 35 35</td>
+    <td>44 32 32 32 31</td>
+    <td>46&#x2060;<a href="#Footnote_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a></td>
+    <td>6</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>37</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>M</td>
+    <td>F F</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>*Whe</td>
+    <td>F 36 46</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>54 42 F S</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Yan 2,3</td>
+    <td>40 42 42 40 44</td>
+    <td>42 33 38</td>
+    <td>52</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents (excluding families with *), 42.49.<br>
+Total number of matings, 29 + 9* = 38.<br>
+Total number of progeny, 100 + 46* = 146.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>VS</th>
+    <th>S</th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48</td>
+    <td class="tdr">356</td>
+    <td class="tdr">349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">240</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_61" href="#FNanchor_61" class="label">[61]</a> Slender as a child.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_62" href="#FNanchor_62" class="label">[62]</a> All show history of change (increase) of weight.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_63" href="#FNanchor_63" class="label">[63]</a> VF till 17 years; now thin; †MF sibs F F F.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_64" href="#FNanchor_64" class="label">[64]</a> Five children died in infancy.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_65" href="#FNanchor_65" class="label">[65]</a> Had a fleshy sister.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_66" href="#FNanchor_66" class="label">[66]</a> Mother has 4 small nervous sisters.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a id="Footnote_67" href="#FNanchor_67" class="label">[67]</a> Had a brother 46, sister 43.</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_168">[168]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXV"><span class="smcap">Table XV.</span>—<i>Very fleshy × very fleshy matings and their progeny (using adjusted indices).</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>File ref.</th>
+    <th>Male children.</th>
+    <th>Female children.</th>
+    <th>F.</th>
+    <th>FF.</th>
+    <th>FM.</th>
+    <th>Father’s sibs.</th>
+    <th>M.</th>
+    <th>MF.</th>
+    <th>MM.</th>
+    <th>Mother’s sibs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bow B</td>
+    <td>50 37 45</td>
+    <td>47 40 42</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>38</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>23</td>
+    <td>35 35 35 38 50</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bow 2</td>
+    <td>32 32 44</td>
+    <td>31 34</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td>34</td>
+    <td>57</td>
+    <td>47 44 52 49 52</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td>41</td>
+    <td>32</td>
+    <td>t 32 36 38</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Bry A</td>
+    <td>47 32 33</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>45</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>43</td>
+    <td>46 38 49</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Cat 3</td>
+    <td>36 39 47 34 35</td>
+    <td>36</td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>39</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td>42</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dal A</td>
+    <td class="nw">45 40 50 46</td>
+    <td>34 32</td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td>48</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>34 31 30 47 35 38 29</td>
+    <td>53</td>
+    <td>64</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Dud A</td>
+    <td>51 31</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>49</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>33</td>
+    <td>51</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Smi 36</td>
+    <td>35</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>36t</td>
+    <td>34t</td>
+    <td></td>
+    <td>44</td>
+    <td>46</td>
+    <td>40</td>
+    <td></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p class="noindent">Average build of parents, 47.45.<br>
+Number of matings, 7.<br>
+Total number of progeny, 30.</p>
+</div>
+
+<table>
+  <tr>
+    <th></th>
+    <th>M</th>
+    <th>F</th>
+    <th>VF</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>Classification of progeny</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">Proportional frequency per mille</td>
+    <td class="tdr">467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">333</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_169">[169]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXVI"><span class="smcap">Table XVI.</span>—<i>Indices of build, weight ÷ stature², for weights from 100 to 225 pounds and 45.4 to 102 kg. and
+statures from 55 to 78 inches and 140 to 198 cm. Decimals omitted.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">[Reduction from English to metric system effected by the factor 0.70308.]</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_170">[170]</span></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th rowspan="2">Weight</th>
+    <th>Pounds</th>
+    <th>100</th>
+    <th>105</th>
+    <th>110</th>
+    <th>115</th>
+    <th>120</th>
+    <th>125</th>
+    <th>130</th>
+    <th>135</th>
+    <th>140</th>
+    <th>145</th>
+    <th>150</th>
+    <th>155</th>
+    <th>160</th>
+    <th>165</th>
+    <th>170</th>
+    <th>175</th>
+    <th>180</th>
+    <th>185</th>
+    <th>190</th>
+    <th>195</th>
+    <th>200</th>
+    <th>205</th>
+    <th>210</th>
+    <th>215</th>
+    <th>220</th>
+    <th>225</th>
+    <th rowspan="3">1 pound 45.4 centg.</th>
+    <th rowspan="3">5 lbs. 227 centg.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>Decigr.</th>
+    <th>4536</th>
+    <th>4763</th>
+    <th>4990</th>
+    <th>5216</th>
+    <th>5443</th>
+    <th>5670</th>
+    <th>5897</th>
+    <th>6124</th>
+    <th>6350</th>
+    <th>6577</th>
+    <th>6804</th>
+    <th>7031</th>
+    <th>7258</th>
+    <th>7484</th>
+    <th>7711</th>
+    <th>7938</th>
+    <th>8165</th>
+    <th>8392</th>
+    <th>8618</th>
+    <th>8815</th>
+    <th>9072</th>
+    <th>9299</th>
+    <th>9526</th>
+    <th>9752</th>
+    <th>9979</th>
+    <th>10206</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <th>Stature</th>
+    <th>Stat.²</th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+    <th></th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3025</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3471</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3802</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4298</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4628</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4793</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5620</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5950</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6777</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6942</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7438</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.055</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165.27</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1397 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1952</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2324</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2440</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2557</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2789</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3021</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3254</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3370</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3486</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3603</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3719</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3951</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4416</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4532</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4648</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4881</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4997</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5230</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2324.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1162.09</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>56 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3348</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3827</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4624</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4783</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5261</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5421</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5580</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6059</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6537</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6696</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6856</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7015</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.888</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159.47</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1422 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2023</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2242</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2354</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2466</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2690</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2802</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2915</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3251</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3363</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3475</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3587</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3699</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3811</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4036</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4481</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4596</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4708</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4820</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4932</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5044</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2242.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1121.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>57 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3386</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3693</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4001</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4925</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5386</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5694</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5848</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6310</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6925</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30.779</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153.84</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1448 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2272</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2380</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2597</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2705</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2921</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3354</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3462</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3679</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3895</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4220</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4328</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4436</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4544</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4653</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4761</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4869</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2164.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1082.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>58 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2973</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3270</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3419</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3716</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3864</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4310</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4459</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4608</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4756</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5054</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5351</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5499</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5648</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5945</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6094</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6240</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6543</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6688</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.737</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1473 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2090</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2299</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2404</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2508</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2613</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2717</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2926</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3135</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3240</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3344</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3449</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3553</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3658</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3971</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4076</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4285</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4389</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4494</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4598</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4703</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2090.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1045.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>59 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3481</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2873</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3447</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3735</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3878</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4453</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4596</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4884</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5315</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5602</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5745</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5589</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6320</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1499 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2020</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2323</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2525</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2828</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3434</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3535</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3737</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3838</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3939</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4040</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4242</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4343</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4444</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4545</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2020.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1010.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>60 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3056</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3611</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3888</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4444</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4861</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5694</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5833</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138.89</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1524 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2323</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1953</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2148</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2343</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2539</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2637</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2832</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3320</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3418</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3515</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3613</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3711</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3808</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3906</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4004</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4297</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4394</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1953.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9765.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>61 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2822</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3091</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3225</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3359</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3494</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3628</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4434</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4703</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5241</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5344</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5912</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6947</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.874</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134.37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nw">1549 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2401</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1890</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2267</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2362</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2456</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2551</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2645</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2834</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3023</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3212</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3307</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3401</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3496</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3590</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3684</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3779</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3874</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3968</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4062</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4251</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1890.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9448.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>62 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2601</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2732</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2862</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2992</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3382</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3512</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3642</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3772</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3902</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4032</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4292</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4422</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4553</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4683</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5073</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5593</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5723</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5853</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.015</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130.08</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1575 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1829</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1920</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2012</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2469</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2926</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3292</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3384</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3475</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3658</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3841</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3932</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4024</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1829.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9145.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>63 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2520</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2646</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3023</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3275</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3401</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3527</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3653</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3779</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4283</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4535</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5039</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5291</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5543</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25.195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125.98</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1600 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1860</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1949</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2037</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2657</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2746</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2834</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3011</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3366</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3454</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3543</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3631</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3720</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3809</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1771.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8857.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>64 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2563</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2686</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2808</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3052</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3418</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3662</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3784</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3906</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4272</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4395</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4517</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4716</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5005</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5371</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122.07</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1626 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2643</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1716</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1802</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1888</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1974</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2060</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2146</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2231</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2317</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2403</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2575</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2746</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2832</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2918</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3004</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3090</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3261</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3347</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3433</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3519</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3605</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3690</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3862</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1716.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8582.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>65 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4225</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2367</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2485</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2604</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2840</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3077</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3314</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3432</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3550</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4024</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4379</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4497</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4615</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4852</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5089</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5207</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118.35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1651 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1664</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1747</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1914</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1997</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2080</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2247</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2330</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2413</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2496</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2579</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2662</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2745</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2829</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2912</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2995</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3079</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3328</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3411</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3495</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1664.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8320.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>66 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4356</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2410</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2525</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2640</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2755</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2870</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3099</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3329</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3443</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3558</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3788</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4247</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4362</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4477</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4706</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114.79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1676 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2810</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1614</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1695</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1775</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1856</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1937</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2098</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2421</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2502</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2663</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3228</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3390</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3470</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3551</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3632</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1614.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8070.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>67 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2228</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2339</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2450</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2562</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2896</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3007</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3230</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3342</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3453</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3564</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3898</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4010</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4233</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4344</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4789</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4901</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5012</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111.39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1702 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2896</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1645</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1723</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1801</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1879</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1958</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2036</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2428</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2506</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2584</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2663</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2741</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2819</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2898</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2976</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3054</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3211</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3367</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3524</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1566.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7831.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>68 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4624</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2379</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2487</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2595</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2703</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2811</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2920</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3352</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3460</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3568</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3893</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4217</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4433</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4650</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4758</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4866</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">108.13</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1727 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2983</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1521</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1597</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1749</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1901</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1977</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2053</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2357</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2433</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2585</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2738</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2814</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2890</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2966</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3042</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3270</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3346</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3422</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1521.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7603.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>69 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4761</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2310</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2415</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2520</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2731</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2836</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3046</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3256</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3466</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3781</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3886</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3991</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4411</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4516</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4621</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.004</td>
+    <td class="tdr">105.02</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1753 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3072</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1477</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1551</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1624</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1698</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1772</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1845</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1920</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1994</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2215</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2363</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2436</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2510</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2584</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2658</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2732</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2806</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2880</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2954</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3323</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1477.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7384.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>70 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4900</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2347</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2449</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2551</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2653</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2755</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3061</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3265</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3367</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3469</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3878</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3980</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4082</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4388</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4490</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4592</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20.408</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1778 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1435</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1650</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1793</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1865</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1937</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2009</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2081</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2224</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2368</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2439</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2511</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2654</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2798</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2870</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3085</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3228</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1435.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7174.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>71 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2083</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2380</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2579</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2777</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2876</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2976</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3075</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3769</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3868</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4265</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.837</td>
+    <td class="tdr">99.19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1803 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1395</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1534</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1604</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1674</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1743</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1953</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2092</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2301</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2371</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2511</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2580</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2650</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2720</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2789</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2859</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2999</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3068</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1395.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6974.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>72 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2025</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2315</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2411</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2508</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2604</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2701</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2894</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2990</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3086</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3279</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3665</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3858</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3954</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.290</td>
+    <td class="tdr">96.46</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1829 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3345</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1356</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1492</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1560</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1695</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1763</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2034</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2238</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2577</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2645</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2713</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2780</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2848</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2916</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3052</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1356.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6781.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>73 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5329</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1877</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2064</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2346</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2439</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2533</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2815</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2909</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3284</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3565</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3659</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3753</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4035</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">93.83</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1854 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3438</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1319</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1385</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1451</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1517</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1649</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1715</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1781</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1979</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2045</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2243</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2573</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2704</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2837</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1319.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6597.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>74 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5476</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2029</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2283</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2374</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2557</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2648</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2739</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2922</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3287</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3470</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3926</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.262</td>
+    <td class="tdr">91.31</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1880 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3533</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1284</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1348</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1412</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1477</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1541</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1605</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1733</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1862</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1926</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1990</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2054</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2247</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2311</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2439</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2504</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2568</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2632</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2696</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2760</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2889</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1283.9</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6424.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>75 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2044</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2311</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2756</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2933</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3733</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3822</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3911</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">88.89</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1905 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1312</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1437</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1562</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1812</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1875</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1937</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2062</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2312</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2437</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2562</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2812</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1250.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6250.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>76 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1731</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1904</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1991</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2251</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2337</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2510</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2597</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2684</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2770</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3549</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3809</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3895</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.313</td>
+    <td class="tdr">86.57</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1930 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1217</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1339</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1461</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1522</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1582</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1643</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1704</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1887</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1928</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2008</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2069</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2313</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2435</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2495</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2739</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1217.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6086.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>77 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1855</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1940</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2024</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2530</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2614</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2697</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2783</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2952</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3036</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3711</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3795</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.866</td>
+    <td class="tdr">84.33</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1956 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1186</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1423</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1482</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1541</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1601</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1660</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1719</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1779</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1838</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2075</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2253</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2312</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2431</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2490</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2550</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2609</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2668</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1186.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5929.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>78 in.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6084</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1808</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1890</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2055</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2219</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2301</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2383</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2548</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2630</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2712</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2794</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2876</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3287</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3369</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3452</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3534</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3616</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3698</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.437</td>
+    <td class="tdr">82.19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>1981 mm.</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3925</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1213</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1329</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1387</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1445</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1502</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1560</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1618</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1733</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1791</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1849</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1907</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1965</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2080</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2253</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2311</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2369</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2427</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2485</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1155.0</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5778.0</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_171">[171]</span></p>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXVII"><span class="smcap">Table XVII.</span>—<i>Equivalent values of index of build by four different systems of ratios between weight and
+stature, English system, viz, weight ÷ stature; weight ÷ stature²; weight ÷ stature²⸳⁵; weight ÷ stature³.</i></p>
+
+<p>Decimals omitted.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_172">[172]</span></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>Power of stature.</th>
+    <th>Stature.</th>
+    <th>100</th>
+    <th>105</th>
+    <th>110</th>
+    <th>115</th>
+    <th>120</th>
+    <th>125</th>
+    <th>130</th>
+    <th>135</th>
+    <th>140</th>
+    <th>145</th>
+    <th>150</th>
+    <th>155</th>
+    <th>160</th>
+    <th>165</th>
+    <th>170</th>
+    <th>175</th>
+    <th>180</th>
+    <th>185</th>
+    <th>190</th>
+    <th>195</th>
+    <th>200</th>
+    <th>205</th>
+    <th>210</th>
+    <th>215</th>
+    <th>220</th>
+    <th>225</th>
+    <th>1 lb.</th>
+    <th>5 lbs.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">55</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1819</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1909</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2091</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2545</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2909</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3091</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3545</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3909</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4091</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.18</td>
+    <td class="tdr">90.91</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3025</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3471</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3802</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4298</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4628</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4793</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5620</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5950</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6777</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6942</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7438</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.055</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165.27</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22434</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4680</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5572</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5795</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6240</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6686</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6909</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7355</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7801</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8024</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8469</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8692</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8915</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9587</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9807</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10029</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44.575</td>
+    <td class="tdr">222.88</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>55³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6011</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6311</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6912</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7213</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7513</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7814</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8415</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8715</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9316</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10518</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10819</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11420</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11720</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12021</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12322</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12622</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13223</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13524</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60.105</td>
+    <td class="tdr">300.53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>56</td>
+    <td class="tdr">56</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1786</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1875</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1964</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2054</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2321</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2411</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2589</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2679</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2768</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2946</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3036</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3393</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3482</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3839</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">89.29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>56²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3348</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3827</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4624</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4783</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5261</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5421</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5580</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6059</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6537</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6696</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6856</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7015</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.888</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165.27</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>56²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23468</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4261</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4474</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4900</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5753</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5966</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6392</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6605</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7457</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8522</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8735</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8947</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9588</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42.612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">213.06</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>56³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">175616</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5694</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5979</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6264</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6548</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6833</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7118</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7403</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8257</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8541</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9396</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9680</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9965</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10534</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10819</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11389</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11958</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12243</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12527</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12812</td>
+    <td class="tdr">56.942</td>
+    <td class="tdr">284.71</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">57</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1754</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1842</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2105</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2368</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2456</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2544</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2632</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2719</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2807</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2895</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2982</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3070</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3421</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3596</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3684</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3772</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3860</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3947</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.544</td>
+    <td class="tdr">87.72</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>57²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3386</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3693</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4001</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4925</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5232</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5386</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5694</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5848</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6310</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6925</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30.779</td>
+    <td class="tdr">153.89</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>57²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24529</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4077</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4485</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4688</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4892</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5504</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5708</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5911</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6319</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6523</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6931</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7338</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7746</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7950</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8357</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9173</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40.768</td>
+    <td class="tdr">203.84</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>57³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">185193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5940</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6210</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7020</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7290</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7560</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7830</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8370</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8640</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8910</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9450</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9720</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9990</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10530</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10800</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11070</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11610</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11880</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53.998</td>
+    <td class="tdr">269.99</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">58</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1724</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1810</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1983</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2069</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2241</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2328</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2586</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2672</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2759</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2845</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2931</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3017</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3276</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3362</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3448</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3534</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3621</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3707</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3793</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3879</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.241</td>
+    <td class="tdr">86.21</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>58²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2973</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3270</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3419</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3716</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3864</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4310</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4459</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4608</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4756</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5054</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5351</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5499</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5648</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5945</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6014</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6243</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6543</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6688</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.737</td>
+    <td class="tdr">148.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>58²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25619</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4099</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4293</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4684</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4879</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5074</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5269</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5660</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5855</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6050</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6440</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7026</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7221</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7416</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7611</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7807</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8392</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8587</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8782</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39.033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">195.16</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>58³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">195112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5382</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5638</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5894</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6407</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6663</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6919</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7432</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7688</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7944</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8457</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8713</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9226</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9482</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9738</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9994</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10251</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10763</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11276</td>
+    <td class="tdr">11532</td>
+    <td class="tdr">51.253</td>
+    <td class="tdr">256.26</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">59</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1695</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1780</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1864</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1949</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2034</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2288</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2712</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2881</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2966</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3220</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3390</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3475</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3559</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3729</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3814</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.949</td>
+    <td class="tdr">84.75</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>59²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3481</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2873</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3160</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3447</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3735</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3878</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4453</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4596</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4884</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5315</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5602</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5745</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5589</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6320</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">143.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>59²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26738</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3927</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4301</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4488</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4675</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4862</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5049</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5236</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5423</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5610</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6358</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6545</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6732</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6919</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7293</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7854</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8228</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8415</td>
+    <td class="tdr">37.400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">187.00</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>59³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">205379</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4869</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5356</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5599</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5843</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6086</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6330</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6573</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6817</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7060</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7547</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7791</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8034</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8521</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8764</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9008</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9251</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9495</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9738</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9982</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10225</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10469</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10712</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10955</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48.691</td>
+    <td class="tdr">243.45</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">60</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1833</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2083</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2833</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3083</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">83.33</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>60²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3056</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3611</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3888</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4167</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4444</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4861</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5139</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5694</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5833</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">138.89</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>60²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3586</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3945</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4124</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4483</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4662</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4841</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5021</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5379</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5559</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5738</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6276</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6634</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6814</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6993</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7172</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7352</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7531</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7710</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7890</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8069</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35.861</td>
+    <td class="tdr">179.31</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>60³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">216000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4630</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4861</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5093</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5324</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6482</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6730</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6944</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7407</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7871</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8565</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8796</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9259</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9491</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9954</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">10416</td>
+    <td class="tdr">46.296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">231.48</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">61</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1803</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2049</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2213</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2295</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2377</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2459</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2541</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2623</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2705</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2869</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2951</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3279</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3443</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3525</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3607</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3689</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.393</td>
+    <td class="tdr">81.97</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>61²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2822</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3091</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3225</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3359</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3494</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3628</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4434</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4703</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4837</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5241</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5375</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5912</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6047</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.874</td>
+    <td class="tdr">134.37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>61²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29062</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3613</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4301</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4473</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4645</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4817</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4989</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5506</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5850</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6194</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6366</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6538</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6710</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6882</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7054</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7226</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7398</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7570</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7742</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">172.05</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>61³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">226981</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4406</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4846</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5287</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5948</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6168</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6388</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6609</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6829</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7049</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7269</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7490</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7710</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8371</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8811</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9032</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9692</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">44.057</td>
+    <td class="tdr">220.28</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>62</td>
+    <td class="tdr">62</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1613</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1694</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1774</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1855</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1935</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2097</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2258</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2339</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2419</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2581</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2742</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2823</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3065</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3226</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3387</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3468</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3548</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.129</td>
+    <td class="tdr">80.65</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>62²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2601</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2732</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2862</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2992</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3382</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3512</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3642</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3772</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3902</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4032</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4292</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4422</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4553</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4683</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5073</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5593</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5723</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5853</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.015</td>
+    <td class="tdr">130.08</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>62²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30268</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3304</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3469</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3634</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3799</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3965</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4295</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4460</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4791</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5451</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5782</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5947</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6443</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6608</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6773</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6938</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7103</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7269</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7434</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.039</td>
+    <td class="tdr">165.19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>62³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">238828</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4406</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4616</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5035</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5665</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5874</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6084</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6294</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6504</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6713</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7343</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7553</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8392</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8602</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8811</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9021</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9231</td>
+    <td class="tdr">9441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">41.959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">209.80</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>63</td>
+    <td class="tdr">63</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1587</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1746</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2063</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2302</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2381</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2460</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2619</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2698</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2937</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3095</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3254</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3413</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3492</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.873</td>
+    <td class="tdr">79.37</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>63²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2520</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2646</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2897</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3023</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3275</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3401</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3527</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3653</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3779</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4157</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4283</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4535</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4661</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5039</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5291</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5543</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25.195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">125.98</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>63²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31503</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3492</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3651</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3809</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3968</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4285</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4444</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4603</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4920</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5079</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5238</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5396</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5555</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5714</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5873</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6666</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.743</td>
+    <td class="tdr">158.72</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>63³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">250047</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3999</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4399</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4599</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4799</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4999</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5399</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5599</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5799</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5999</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6399</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6599</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6799</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6999</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7399</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7599</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7799</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7999</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8199</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8399</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8598</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8798</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8998</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39.993</td>
+    <td class="tdr">199.96</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>64</td>
+    <td class="tdr">64</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1563</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1641</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1719</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1875</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1953</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2031</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2266</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2344</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2422</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2656</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2891</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2969</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3047</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3359</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3438</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3516</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">78.13</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>64²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2563</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2686</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2808</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3052</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3418</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3540</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3662</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3784</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3906</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4272</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4395</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4517</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4761</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5005</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5127</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5371</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24.414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">122.07</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>64²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">32768</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3052</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3204</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3357</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3510</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3662</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3815</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4425</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4730</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5035</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5341</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5646</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5798</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5951</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6256</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6714</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30.518</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152.59</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>64³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">262144</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3815</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4005</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4387</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4768</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5150</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5341</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5531</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6294</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6485</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7057</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7248</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7439</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7820</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8011</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8392</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38.147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">190.74</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">65</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1538</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1615</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1692</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1769</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1846</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2077</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2231</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2308</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2385</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2462</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2538</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2615</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2692</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2769</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2846</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3077</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3231</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3308</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3385</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3462</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.384</td>
+    <td class="tdr">76.92</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>65²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4225</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2367</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2485</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2604</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2840</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3077</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3314</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3432</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3550</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4024</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4142</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4379</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4497</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4615</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4852</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5089</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5207</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118.35</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>65²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34063</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3083</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3229</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3523</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3817</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3963</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4257</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4404</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4550</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4697</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4991</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5138</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5284</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5431</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5725</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5872</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6312</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6459</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6605</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.358</td>
+    <td class="tdr">146.79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>65³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">274625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3641</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3823</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4006</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4370</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4552</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4916</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5098</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5280</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5462</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6008</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6554</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6735</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6919</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7283</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7647</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7829</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8011</td>
+    <td class="tdr">8193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36.413</td>
+    <td class="tdr">182.07</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>66</td>
+    <td class="tdr">66</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1515</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1742</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1894</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2045</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2348</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2576</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2803</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2879</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2955</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3258</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">15.152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">75.76</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>66²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4356</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2410</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2525</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2640</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2755</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2870</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3099</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3329</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3443</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3558</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3788</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4017</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4247</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4362</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4477</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4706</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5165</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">114.79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>66²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">35388</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3250</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3532</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3674</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3815</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4097</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4239</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4380</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4521</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4663</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4804</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4945</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5086</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5228</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5369</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5510</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5793</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5934</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6076</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6217</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6358</td>
+    <td class="tdr">28.258</td>
+    <td class="tdr">141.29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>66³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">287496</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3478</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4348</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4522</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4696</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4870</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5044</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5565</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5739</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5913</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6087</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6261</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6435</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6609</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6783</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7131</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7305</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7478</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">34.783</td>
+    <td class="tdr">173.92</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>67</td>
+    <td class="tdr">67</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1642</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1716</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1791</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1866</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1940</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2015</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2090</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2239</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2313</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2388</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2537</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2761</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2836</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2910</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2985</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3060</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3209</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3284</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3358</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.925</td>
+    <td class="tdr">74.63</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>67²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2228</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2339</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2450</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2562</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2896</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3007</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3119</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3230</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3342</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3453</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3564</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3898</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4010</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4121</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4233</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4344</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4567</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4789</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4901</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5012</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">111.39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>67²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">36744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2858</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2994</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3266</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3402</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3538</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3674</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3810</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3946</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4082</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4355</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4491</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4623</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4763</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5035</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5307</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5443</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5579</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5715</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5851</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5987</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.215</td>
+    <td class="tdr">136.08</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>67³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">300763</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3491</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3657</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3824</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3990</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4322</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4655</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4987</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5154</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5320</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5486</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5819</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5985</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6317</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6484</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6650</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6816</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6982</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7149</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7315</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7481</td>
+    <td class="tdr">33.249</td>
+    <td class="tdr">166.24</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>68</td>
+    <td class="tdr">68</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1471</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1544</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1618</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1691</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1838</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1912</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1985</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2059</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2132</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2206</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2279</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2353</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2426</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2574</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2647</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2794</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2868</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3015</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3088</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3235</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.706</td>
+    <td class="tdr">73.53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>68²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4624</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2379</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2487</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2595</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2703</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2811</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2920</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3136</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3352</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3460</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3568</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3785</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3893</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4217</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4433</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4650</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4758</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4866</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">108.13</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>68²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">38130</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2623</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2754</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3016</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3409</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3541</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3672</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3803</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3934</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4065</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4590</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4852</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4983</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5770</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5901</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.226</td>
+    <td class="tdr">131.29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>68³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">314432</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3180</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3339</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3498</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3657</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3816</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3975</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4134</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4294</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4453</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5089</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5248</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5407</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5725</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5884</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6043</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6202</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6520</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6679</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6838</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6997</td>
+    <td class="tdr">7156</td>
+    <td class="tdr">31.803</td>
+    <td class="tdr">159.02</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>69</td>
+    <td class="tdr">69</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1449</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1522</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1594</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1739</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1812</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1884</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2029</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2319</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2464</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2536</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2609</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2681</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2754</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2971</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3043</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3188</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3261</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">72.46</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>69²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4761</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2310</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2415</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2520</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2731</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2836</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3046</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3151</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3256</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3466</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3781</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3886</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3991</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4201</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4411</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4516</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4621</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.004</td>
+    <td class="tdr">105.02</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>69²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">39095</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2558</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2686</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2814</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2842</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3069</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3197</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3454</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3581</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3709</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3837</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3965</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4093</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4221</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4345</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4476</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4604</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4860</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4988</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5499</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25.787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">127.89</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>69³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">328509</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3044</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3501</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3653</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3805</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4110</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4262</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4618</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4871</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5023</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5175</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5327</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5479</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5632</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5784</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6088</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6240</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6393</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6545</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6697</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6849</td>
+    <td class="tdr">30.441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">152.20</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>70</td>
+    <td class="tdr">70</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1429</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1643</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1714</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1786</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2071</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2357</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2429</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2643</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2714</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2786</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3071</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">71.43</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>70²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4900</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2245</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2347</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2449</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2551</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2653</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2755</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3061</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3163</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3265</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3367</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3469</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3673</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3878</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3980</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4082</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4388</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4490</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4592</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20.408</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102.04</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>70²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">40996</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2439</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2683</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2805</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2927</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3049</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3293</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3415</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3537</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3659</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3781</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3903</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4025</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4145</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4269</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4391</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4513</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4635</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4757</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4879</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5001</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5112</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5366</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5488</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24.392</td>
+    <td class="tdr">121.96</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>70³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">343000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2916</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3061</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3207</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3353</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3499</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3790</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4082</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4227</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4519</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4665</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4811</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5102</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5248</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5394</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5539</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5685</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5977</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6268</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6560</td>
+    <td class="tdr">29.155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">145.77</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>71</td>
+    <td class="tdr">71</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1408</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1479</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1549</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1620</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1690</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1761</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1901</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2042</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2254</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2324</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2394</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2535</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2606</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2676</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2746</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2817</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2887</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2958</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3099</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">14.085</td>
+    <td class="tdr">70.42</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>71²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2083</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2281</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2380</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2480</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2579</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2777</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2876</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2976</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3075</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3769</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3868</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3967</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4166</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4265</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.837</td>
+    <td class="tdr">99.19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>71²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">42476</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2354</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2590</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2707</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3061</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3178</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3531</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3649</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3767</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4238</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4355</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4473</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4709</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4944</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5062</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5297</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.543</td>
+    <td class="tdr">117.71</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>71³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">357911</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2794</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2934</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3074</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3213</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3353</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3493</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3632</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3790</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4331</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4470</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4610</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4750</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4889</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5029</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5169</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5309</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5448</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5588</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5728</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6007</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">27.940</td>
+    <td class="tdr">139.70<span class="pagenum" id="Page_173">[173]</span></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>72</td>
+    <td class="tdr">72</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1389</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1528</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1597</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1736</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1806</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1875</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1944</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2014</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2083</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2292</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2361<span class="pagenum" id="Page_174">[174]</span></td>
+    <td class="tdr">2431</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2639</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2708</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3056</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3125</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.889</td>
+    <td class="tdr">69.44</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>72²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2025</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2122</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2218</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2315</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2411</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2508</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2604</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2701</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2797</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2894</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2990</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3086</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3279</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3569</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3665</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3762</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3858</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3954</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4147</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4340</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.290</td>
+    <td class="tdr">96.46</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>72²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">43988</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2387</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2501</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2614</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2728</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2842</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2955</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3069</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3183</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3296</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3410</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3524</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3637</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3751</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3865</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3978</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4092</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4206</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4319</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4433</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4547</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4660</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4774</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4889</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5001</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113.67</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>72³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">373248</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2679</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2813</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2947</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3081</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3215</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3349</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3483</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3617</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3751</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4019</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4153</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4287</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4421</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4555</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4689</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4823</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5091</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5224</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5358</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5492</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5760</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5894</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6028</td>
+    <td class="tdr">26.792</td>
+    <td class="tdr">133.96</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>73</td>
+    <td class="tdr">73</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1370</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1438</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1507</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1575</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1712</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1781</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1849</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1918</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2055</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2192</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2260</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2329</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2397</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2466</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2534</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2603</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2671</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2808</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2877</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2945</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3014</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3082</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.698</td>
+    <td class="tdr">68.49</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>73²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5329</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1877</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1970</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2064</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2252</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2346</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2439</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2533</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2721</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2815</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2909</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3002</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3096</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3284</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3472</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3565</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3659</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3753</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3941</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4035</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4128</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.765</td>
+    <td class="tdr">93.83</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>73²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">45531</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2416</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2526</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2745</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2855</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2965</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3075</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3295</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3404</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3514</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3624</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3953</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4063</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4174</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4283</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4393</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4502</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4612</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4832</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4942</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.963</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109.82</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>73³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">389017</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2571</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2699</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2829</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3085</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3213</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3342</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3470</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3599</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3856</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3984</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4113</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4242</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4370</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4499</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4756</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4884</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5141</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5270</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5398</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5527</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5655</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5784</td>
+    <td class="tdr">25.706</td>
+    <td class="tdr">128.53</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">74</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1351</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1419</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1486</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1554</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1622</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1689</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1757</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1824</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1892</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2095</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2230</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2297</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2365</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2432</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2568</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2635</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2703</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2770</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2838</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2905</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2973</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.514</td>
+    <td class="tdr">67.57</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>74²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5476</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1826</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1917</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2029</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2100</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2191</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2283</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2374</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2557</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2648</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2739</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2831</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2922</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3104</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3196</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3287</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3470</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3561</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3744</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3835</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3926</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.262</td>
+    <td class="tdr">91.31</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>74²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">47106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2229</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2335</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2547</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2654</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2760</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2866</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3184</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3290</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3397</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3503</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3609</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3715</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3927</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4033</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4246</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4352</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4564</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.229</td>
+    <td class="tdr">106.14</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>74³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">405224</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2468</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2591</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2715</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2838</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2961</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3085</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3208</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3332</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3455</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3702</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3825</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3948</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4072</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4195</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4319</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4442</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4565</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4689</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4812</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4936</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5059</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5306</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5429</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5553</td>
+    <td class="tdr">24.678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">123.39</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">75</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1533</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1733</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1800</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1933</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2267</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2533</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2733</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2800</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2933</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.333</td>
+    <td class="tdr">66.67</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>75²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5625</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1956</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2044</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2222</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2311</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2400</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2489</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2578</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2756</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2930</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3022</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3111</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3200</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3378</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3467</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3733</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3822</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3911</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4000</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.778</td>
+    <td class="tdr">88.89</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>75²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">48714</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2053</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2155</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2258</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2669</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2874</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2977</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3079</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3182</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3285</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3387</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3490</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3592</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3695</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3798</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3900</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4003</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4106</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4208</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4311</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4414</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4516</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4619</td>
+    <td class="tdr">20.528</td>
+    <td class="tdr">102.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>75³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">421875</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2491</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2610</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2729</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2847</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2966</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3085</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3322</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3441</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3559</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3678</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3796</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3915</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4034</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4152</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4390</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4508</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4627</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4746</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4864</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4983</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5220</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5339</td>
+    <td class="tdr">23.727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">118.64</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>76</td>
+    <td class="tdr">76</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1316</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1382</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1447</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1513</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1579</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1645</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1712</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1842</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1908</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1974</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2039</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2105</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2237</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2368</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2434</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2566</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2632</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2697</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2763</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2829</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2895</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2961</td>
+    <td class="tdr">13.158</td>
+    <td class="tdr">65.79</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>76²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5776</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1731</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1904</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1991</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2251</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2337</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2510</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2597</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2684</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2770</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3030</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3116</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3203</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3463</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3549</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3809</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3895</td>
+    <td class="tdr">17.313</td>
+    <td class="tdr">86.57</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>76²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">50355</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1986</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2085</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2185</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2284</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2383</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2482</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2582</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2681</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2780</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2880</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2979</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3177</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3376</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3475</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3575</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3674</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3773</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3873</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4071</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4170</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4270</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4369</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4468</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.860</td>
+    <td class="tdr">99.29</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>76³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">438976</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2278</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2392</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2506</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2620</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2734</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2848</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2961</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3075</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3189</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3303</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3417</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3531</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3645</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3759</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3873</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3987</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4101</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4214</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4328</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4442</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4670</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4784</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4898</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5012</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5126</td>
+    <td class="tdr">22.780</td>
+    <td class="tdr">113.90</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>77</td>
+    <td class="tdr">77</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1299</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1429</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1494</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1558</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1623</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1688</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1753</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1818</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1948</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2013</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2078</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2143</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2208</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2273</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2338</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2403</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2468</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2532</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2597</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2662</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2727</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2792</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2857</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2922</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.987</td>
+    <td class="tdr">64.94</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>77²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">5929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1687</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1771</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1855</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1940</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2024</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2108</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2193</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2277</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2361</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2446</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2536</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2614</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2697</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2783</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2867</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2952</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3036</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3120</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3289</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3373</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3458</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3542</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3626</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3711</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3795</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.868</td>
+    <td class="tdr">84.33</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>77²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">52027</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1922</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2018</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2114</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2210</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2307</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2403</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2499</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2595</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2691</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2787</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2883</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2979</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3075</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3171</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3268</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3364</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3460</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3556</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3652</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3748</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3844</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3940</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4036</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4133</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4229</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4325</td>
+    <td class="tdr">19.221</td>
+    <td class="tdr">96.10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>77³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">456533</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2190</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2300</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2410</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2519</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2738</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2848</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2957</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3067</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3176</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3286</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3395</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3505</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3614</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3724</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3833</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3943</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4052</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4162</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4271</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4381</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4490</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4600</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4709</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4819</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4929</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.904</td>
+    <td class="tdr">109.52</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>78</td>
+    <td class="tdr">78</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1282</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1346</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1410</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1474</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1538</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1603</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1667</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1731</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1795</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1859</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1923</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1987</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2051</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2115</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2179</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2244</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2308</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2436</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2500</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2564</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2628</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2692</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2756</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">12.821</td>
+    <td class="tdr">64.10</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>78²</td>
+    <td class="tdr">6084</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1644</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1726</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1808</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1890</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1972</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2055</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2137</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2219</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2301</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2383</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2465</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2548</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2630</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2712</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2794</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2876</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2959</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3041</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3123</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3205</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3287</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3369</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3452</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3534</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3716</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3698</td>
+    <td class="tdr">16.437</td>
+    <td class="tdr">82.19</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>78²⸳⁵</td>
+    <td class="tdr">53732</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1861</td>
+    <td class="tdr">1954</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2047</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2140</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2233</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2326</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2419</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2513</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2606</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2699</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2792</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2885</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2978</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3071</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3164</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3257</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3350</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3443</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3536</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3629</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3722</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3815</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3908</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4001</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4094</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4187</td>
+    <td class="tdr">18.611</td>
+    <td class="tdr">93.05</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td>78³</td>
+    <td class="tdr">474522</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2107</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2213</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2318</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2424</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2529</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2634</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2740</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2845</td>
+    <td class="tdr">2950</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3056</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3161</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3266</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3372</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3477</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3583</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3688</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3793</td>
+    <td class="tdr">3899</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4004</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4109</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4215</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4320</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4426</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4531</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4636</td>
+    <td class="tdr">4742</td>
+    <td class="tdr">21.074</td>
+    <td class="tdr">105.37</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center" id="tableXVIII"><span class="smcap">Table XVIII.</span>—<i>To transmute the English system of index of build to the metric system (10
+units English = 0.7 unit metric).</i></p>
+
+<div class="wide">
+
+<table class="borders">
+  <tr>
+    <th>English.</th>
+    <th>Metric.</th>
+    <th>English.</th>
+    <th>Metric.</th>
+    <th>English.</th>
+    <th>Metric.</th>
+    <th>English.</th>
+    <th>Metric.</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">16</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.1</td>
+    <td class="tdc">30</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.1</td>
+    <td class="tdc">44</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.1</td>
+    <td class="tdc">58</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">17</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.2</td>
+    <td class="tdc">31</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.2</td>
+    <td class="tdc">45</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.2</td>
+    <td class="tdc">59</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">18</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">32</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">46</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.2</td>
+    <td class="tdc">60</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">19</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">33</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">47</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.3</td>
+    <td class="tdc">61</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.3</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">20</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">34</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">48</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">62</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">21</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">35</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">49</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.4</td>
+    <td class="tdc">63</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.4</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">22</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">36</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">50</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.5</td>
+    <td class="tdc">64</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.5</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">23</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">37</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">51</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.6</td>
+    <td class="tdc">65</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">24</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">38</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">52</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">66</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.6</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">25</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">39</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">53</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.7</td>
+    <td class="tdc">67</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.7</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">26</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">40</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">54</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.8</td>
+    <td class="tdc">68</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.8</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">27</td>
+    <td class="tdc">1.9</td>
+    <td class="tdc">41</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.9</td>
+    <td class="tdc">55</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.9</td>
+    <td class="tdc">69</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">28</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.0</td>
+    <td class="tdc">42</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.0</td>
+    <td class="tdc">56</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.9</td>
+    <td class="tdc">70</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.9</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td class="tdc">29</td>
+    <td class="tdc">2.0</td>
+    <td class="tdc">43</td>
+    <td class="tdc">3.0</td>
+    <td class="tdc">57</td>
+    <td class="tdc">4.0</td>
+    <td class="tdc"></td>
+    <td class="tdc"></td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_175">[175]</span></p>
+
+<h2 class="nobreak" id="LITERATURE_CITED">LITERATURE CITED.</h2>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="hanging">
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Armsby, H. P.</span>, and <span class="smcap">J. A. Fries</span>. 1911. The influence of type and of age upon the utilization
+of feed by cattle. U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry,
+Bulletin 128, 245 pp., Oct.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Baldwin, B. T.</span> 1921. The physical growth of children from birth to maturity. Univ.
+Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, I (No. 1), 411 pp., June.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bardeen, C. R.</span> 1920. The height-weight index of build in relation to linear and volumetric
+proportions, etc. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 272.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Barker, L. F.</span> 1922. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 5 vols.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Beck, H. G.</span> 1922. “Dystrophia adiposo-genitalis” in Barker’s Endrocrinology and
+Metabolism, Vol. I, pp. 860-924.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Barrett, A. M.</span> 1919. Hereditary occurrence of hypothyroidism with dystrophies
+of the nails and hair. Arch. Neurology and Psychiatry, II, pp. 628-637.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Benedict, F. G.</span>, and <span class="smcap">F. B. Talbot</span>. 1915. The physiology of the new-born infant.
+Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 233, 126 pp.</p>
+
+<p>——, and <span class="smcap">F. B. Talbot</span>. 1920. Metabolism and growth from birth to puberty.
+Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 302, 213 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Castle, W. E.</span> 1922. Genetic studies of rabbits and rats. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub.
+No. 320, 55 pp., 2 pls.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Chambers, Thomas King.</span> 1850. Corpulence, or excess of fat in the human body.
+Also published in Lancet, I, 1850, pp. 523, 557, 581, 651, 687, 747 (page 652,
+table showing some inherited cases).</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Crum, F. S.</span> 1915. Anthropometric table: Male and female children from 6 to 48 months
+old. Newark: Prudential Ins. Co., 2 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Cushing, Harvey.</span> 1912. The pituitary body and its disorders. Philadelphia, 348 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Daffner, F.</span> 1902. Das Wachstum des Menschen: Anthropologische Studien. Leipzig:
+Englemann, 475 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Davenport, C. B.</span> 1915. The feebly inhibited: Inheritance of temperament. Carnegie
+Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 236.</p>
+
+<p>——, 1917. Inheritance of stature. Genetics, II, pp. 313-389, July. (Eugenics
+Record Office Bull. No. 18.)</p>
+
+<p>——, and <span class="smcap">A. G. Love</span>. 1921. Army anthropology. Medical Dept. U. S. Army in
+World War, Vol. XV. Statistics, Part I, Gov’t Printing Office, 635 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Godin, P.</span> 1903. Recherches anthropométric sur la croissance des diverses parties du
+corps. Paris: Maloine, 212 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Grover, J. I.</span> 1915. Some measurements of normal children, especially of the arm and
+leg. Arch. Pediat., XXXII, pp. 473-486.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gulick, A.</span> 1922. A study of weight regulation in adult human body during over-nutrition.
+Amer. Journal of Physiology, LX, 371-395.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Heckel, F.</span> 1920. Grandes et petites obésités; cure radicale. Masson. 537 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hitchcock, E.</span>, <span class="smcap">H. H. Seeley</span>, and <span class="smcap">P. C. Phillips</span>. 1900. The anthropometric manual
+of Amherst College. Amherst, 40 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hoffman, F. L.</span> 1918. Army anthropometry and medical rejection statistics. Newark
+(N. J.): Prudential Press, 114 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Howard</span>, ——. 1908. Abnormal development in a girl. Report for Soc. Diseases of
+Children, VIII, pp. 54-56.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Janney, N. W.</span> 1922. Hypothyroidism, in Barker’s Endocrinology and Metabolism.
+I, pp. 379-440.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Johnson, Harry.</span> 1906. Liberia. 2 vols. London.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lyon, I. P.</span> 1910. Adiposis and lipomatosis. Arch. of Inter. Med. 6, 28-120.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Maranon, G.</span>, and <span class="smcap">E. Bonilla</span>. 1920. Histoire clinique et autopsie d’un cas d’obésité
+mortelle. Rev. neurolog. 27, pp. 909-914.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Martin, R.</span> 1914. Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. xvi + 1181 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Medico-actuarial Mortality Investigations.</span> Vol. I. Compiled and published by
+the Association of Life Insurance Medical Doctors and the Actuarial Society
+of America. New York. 1912, 131 pp. (Build of men, p. 38. Build of
+women, p. 67.)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_176">[176]</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Meeh, K.</span> 1895. Volummessungen des menschlichen Körpers und siener einzelnen
+Theile in den verschiedenen Alterstufen. Ztsch. f. Biol. 31, pp. 125-147.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mies, J.</span> 1889. Über die Masse, den Rauminhalt und die Dichte des Menschen. Virchow’s
+Arch. f. path. Anat. u. Physiol., 157, 90 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Niceforo, A.</span> 1910. Anthropologie der nichtbesitzenden Klassen. Leipzig: Maas u.
+Van Suchtelen, 512 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Noorden, Carl von.</span> 1907. “Obesity” in Noorden’s Metabolism and Practical Medicine,
+edited by W. Hall. Vol. III, pp. 693-715. London: Heinemann.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Price, G. E.</span> 1909. Adiposis dolorosa. Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., 137, pp. 705-715.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Quetelet, A.</span> 1870. Anthropométrie ou mesure des différentes facultés de l’homme.
+Bruxelles.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Reitz, E.</span> 1904. Das Wachstum der Berliner Schulkinder während den Schuljahre.
+Arch. f. Anthropol., No. 5.I, pp. 30-42.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rose, F.</span> 1907. Obésité familiale. L’Encephale, II, pp. 299-303, 1 pl.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Schmid-Monnard, R.</span> 1892. Über den Einfluss des Millitärdienstes der Väter auf die
+körperliche Entwicklung ihrer Nachkommenschaft. Jahrb. Kinderheilkunde
+XXXIII, pp. 327-350.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sinclair, James.</span> 1907. History of Shorthorn Cattle. London: Vinton, 895 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Stratz, C. H.</span> 1922. Der Körper des Kindes und seine Pflege. Stuttgart: Enke., 366 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Town, Clara H.</span> 1922. Analytic study of a group of five- and six-year-old children.
+Univ. Iowa Studies: Studies in Child Welfare, I (No. 4), 87 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Uhlenhuth, E.</span> 1922. Hormone factors in growth and development, in Barker’s Endrocrinology
+and Metabolism I, pp. 181-203.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Weissenburg, S.</span> 1911. Das Wachstum des Menschen. Stuttgart: Strecher u. Schröder,
+220 pp.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Worthington, L. S.</span> 1875. De l’obésité, étiologie, thérapeutique, et hygiène. Paris:
+Martinet, 188 pp.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop">
+
+<div class="chapter" id="PLATES">
+
+<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_177">[177]</span></p>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate1" style="max-width: 50.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate1.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 1</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 1 and 2.</span> Aspects of a man 19 yr. 2 mo., <i>below average of very slender</i> group, weight 53 kg., stature 1,835 mm., chest-girth in repose 762 mm., relative
+    chest-girth 41.5; build 1.6 (22.5).</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 3 and 4.</span> Aspects of a man 18 yr. 3 mo., of average <i>very slender</i> build, of Scotch stock, weight 60.2 kg., stature 1,907 mm., chest-girth in repose 789
+    mm., relative chest-girth 41.4; build 1.65 (23.5).</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 5 and 6.</span> Aspects of a man 23 yr. 10 mo., of <i>slender</i> build. Weight 62.7 kg., stature 1,787 mm., chest-girth in repose 847 mm., relative chest-girth
+    47.4; build 1.98 (28).</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate2" style="max-width: 50.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate2.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 2</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 1 and 2.</span> Aspects of an American-born man of 19.6 yr., of <i>medium</i> build. Weight 67.8 kg., stature 1,715 mm., chest-girth in repose 880 mm., relative
+    chest-girth 51.3; build 2.3 (33).</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 3 and 4.</span> Aspects of a man of 17 yr. 9 mo., of <i>fleshy</i> build. Weight 74.3 kg., stature 1,640 mm., chest-girth in repose 920 mm., relative chest-girth
+    56.1; build 2.7. (39).</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 5 and 6.</span> Aspects of a man 19 yr. 5 mo. 15 dy., of <i>very fleshy</i> build. Weight 90.7 kg., stature 1,617 mm., chest-girth in repose 1,013 mm., relative
+    chest-girth 62.6; build 3.5 (49.5).</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp56" id="plate3" style="max-width: 37.5em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate3.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 3</p>
+    <p class="p1">1. Boys of ages 6 to 7. 2. Boys of 9 to 10. 3. Boys of 15 to 16, of Baltimore schools.</p>
+    <p class="p1">Whereas the distance from umbilicus to vertex increases only slightly in passing from the youngest to
+    the eldest group, the distance of the umbilicus above the floor increases greatly—the increase of stature
+    is mainly increase in length of leg. Again, boys of 9 to 10 years have shoulders (and chests) very little
+    broader than those of 6 to 7 years; but boys of 15 and 16 years (whose relative chest-girth is much above
+    the minimum 12 years) have much broader shoulders and chests than those of 9 to 10 years.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate4" style="max-width: 50.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate4.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 4</p>
+    <p>School boys, Brooklyn, N. Y., illustrating change in proportion with age.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> 9 yr. 11 mo. 6 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span> 10 yr. 6 mo.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span> 10 yr. 9 mo.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span> 9 yr. 1 mo.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 5.</span> 11 yr. 2 mo. 26 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 6.</span> 9 yr. 1 mo. 10 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 7.</span> 10 yr. 8 mo. 7 dy.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate5" style="max-width: 50.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate5.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 5</p>
+    <p>School boys, Brooklyn, N. Y., illustrating change in proportion with age.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 8.</span> 13 yr. 6 mo. 13 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 9.</span> 13 yr. 8 mo. 6 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 10.</span> 13 yr. 9 mo. 6 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 11.</span> 13 yr. 7 mo. 15 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 12.</span> 11 yr. 9 mo. 23 dy.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp100" id="plate6" style="max-width: 50.0em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate6.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 6</p>
+    <p>School boys, Brooklyn, N. Y., illustrating change in proportion with age.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 13.</span> 16 yr. 3 mo. 22 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 14.</span> 16 yr. 0 mo. 7 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 15.</span> 17 yr. 1 mo. 19 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 16.</span> 17 yr. 9 mo. 16 dy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 17.</span> 16 yr. 1 mo. 3 dy.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp53" id="plate7" style="max-width: 35.9375em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate7.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 7</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Girl 12 months of age, at Sunnyside Day Nursery.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span> Boy 13 years old, at a Hebrew home. Compare relative length of leg with
+    figure 1.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span> Girl 12 years, the age of maximum relative leg-length—rather exceptional in disproportion
+    between leg and trunk length. From C. H. Stratz, 1922.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span> Torso of a mature young man from comparison with that of a young woman
+    (Fig. 5). Note the difference in breadth of shoulders and transverse diameter
+    of chest. Fig. 4 is a French photograph. Fig. 5 is copied from Kossman und
+    Weiss, “Mann und Weib,” I, p. 51.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp46" id="plate8" style="max-width: 31.25em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate8.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 8</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 1 and 2.</span> “Miss Allen” at the ages of 4 and 23 years respectively, as evidence of
+    persistence of an early juvenile condition of build.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Figs. 3, 4, 5.</span> Views of a case of obesity of the kind called dystrophia adiposo-genitalis
+    typus feminus, age 16 years. This case is characterized by obesity, knock-knee,
+    large breasts and mons, and rudimentary genitalia (from Ebaugh and Hoskins in
+    Barker: Endocrines and Metabolism I: 881).</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+<figure class="figcenter illowp51" id="plate9" style="max-width: 34.375em;">
+  <img class="w100" src="images/plate9.jpg" alt="">
+  <figcaption>
+    <p>PLATE 9</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Rose O, the individual indicated in <a href="#figure35">fig. 35</a> at III 15; 15 years of age, stature of
+    145 cm., weight of 85 kg.; build 4.0 (54), relative chest-girth 0.78, very fleshy.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 2.</span> III 2 in Rec. family (<a href="#Page_139">p. 139</a>); build 4.2 (57); relative chest-girth 0.90.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 3.</span> Daughter of foregoing; build 3.7 (52).</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 4.</span> G. sisters, of Luray, Va., showing contrast of build in two full sisters of a heterozygous
+    mating.</p>
+    <p class="p1"><span class="smcap">Fig. 5.</span> The girl at the left is the daughter in the Smi. family pedigree (<a href="#Page_110">p. 110</a>). The
+    other is an unrelated friend. This daughter has the formula at 14 years: 79
+    kg./170 cm.; build 2.7 (3); relative chest-girth, 60, fleshy.</p>
+  </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+</div>
+
+<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 78107 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
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+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This book, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
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+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
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+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for eBook #78107
+(https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/78107)
author	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2026-03-03 15:51:10 -0800
committer	www-data <www-data@mail.pglaf.org>	2026-03-03 15:51:10 -0800
commit	766bae58a855a81376174d026b2094082f52958c (patch)
tree	79eb1409b8272b4bee4f191abacc12f056ddf44e