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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4, September 1893
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 19, 2011 [EBook #36784]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Katherine Ward, Juliet Sutherland, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+McCLURE'S MAGAZINE
+
+VOL. I    SEPTEMBER, 1893    No. 4
+
+
+Copyright, 1893, by S. S. MCCLURE, Limited. All rights reserved.
+
+
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  Edward E. Hale. The Man with a Country. By Herbert D. Ward.      291
+  How Cassie Saved the Spoons. By Annie Howells Frechette.         301
+  Surrender. By Gertrude Hall.                                     308
+  "Human Documents."                                               309
+  Dreams Go By Contraries. By George H. Jessop.                    318
+  The Tables Turned. By William Wordsworth.                        326
+  Pasteur at Home. By Ida M. Tarbell.                              327
+  Hugh Bronte'S Courtship. By Doctor William Wright.               341
+  The Legend of the Elephant and the Lion. By Henry M. Stanley.    351
+  Song. By Thomas Carew.                                           355
+  The Life and Experiences of an Engineer of a Limited Express.
+      By Cleveland Moffett.                                        356
+  Among the Gorillas. By R. L. Garner.                             364
+
+
+
+
+Illustrations
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+  Residence of Edward Everett Hale.                                292
+  Sitting-Room.                                                    294
+  Highland Street, With the Hale Place on the Right.               295
+  Doctor Hale in His Study.                                        296
+  The Library.                                                     298
+  The Dining-Room.                                                 299
+  E. E. Hale in 1847. From a Painting By Richard Hinsdale.         300
+  Emperor William of Germany.                                      310
+  Eugene Field.                                                    314
+  Colonel Albert A. Pope.                                          316
+  The Statue of Jupille.                                           327
+  The Pasteur Institute.                                           328
+  The Lodge.                                                       329
+  M. Pasteur in His Salon.                                         330
+  The House at Dole.                                               331
+  M. Pasteur at Thirty.                                            332
+  At the Jubilee of M. Pasteur.                                    333
+  Portraits of M. Pasteur.                                         334
+  A Group of Patients.                                             336
+  The Library.                                                     337
+  M. Roux.                                                         337
+  Dosing the Virus.                                                338
+  Dr. Metchnikoff in His Laboratory.                               339
+  Filling the Syringes.                                            339
+  The Rabbits' Quarters.                                           340
+  "The Flyer" Leaving the Grand Central Station, New York City.    357
+
+
+
+
+EDWARD E. HALE.
+
+THE MAN WITH A COUNTRY.
+
+BY HERBERT D. WARD.
+
+
+When General Ward drove the British out of Roxbury in the reign of
+George the Third, the valuation of the town was about sixty
+thousand dollars. I do not know at what high figure the historic
+city that guards the ashes of John Eliot is held now, but I do
+know that, in this age of rapacious corporations and untrustworthy
+trusts, genius outranks gold, and that Roxbury receives no small
+increment of her value from the fact that Edward E. Hale is one of
+her most distinguished citizens. To one fond of perceiving the
+innate or accidental fitness of things, it is, perhaps, more than a
+coincidence that Doctor Hale lives on Highland Street, and that
+his house reminds one, with its massive front and Ionic columns, of a
+Greek temple.
+
+This large house was built, about sixty years ago, by Mr. Bradford,
+for his brother-in-law, Reverend Mr. Kent, and was used for a young
+ladies' boarding-school. Even now, on some of the upper panes, girls'
+names and girlish sentiments are to be read. When Doctor Hale took the
+house, some twenty years ago, he introduced a carpenter to make what
+are called "modern improvements."
+
+"Mr. Hale," said the carpenter, after a thorough inspection, "you are
+fortunate in your bargain. _This house was built on honor._" Mr. Hale
+has had a great mind to make this reply the motto over his doorway.
+
+When Doctor Hale once described his house to an eminent editor of one
+of our leading magazines, he said: "You cannot mistake it; it is a
+Greek temple just above Eliot Square."
+
+The editor, with the gentle blush that frisky memory will bring to the
+cheeks of the staidest, quickly answered: "Yes, I have often
+worshipped there."
+
+This is not a biographical paper. The readers of the "Atlantic" will
+remember Doctor Hale's description of his father, the first of New
+England's great railroad pioneers. Every one knows that our Mr. Hale
+was named after his uncle, the great Edward Everett; but perhaps it is
+not so generally known that Mrs. Hale is the granddaughter of Lyman
+Beecher, and the niece of Mrs. Stowe. What may not be expected of
+Doctor Hale's boys, with Beecher, Hale, and Everett blood in their
+veins? There is no better selection, and the problem is an interesting
+one.
+
+But, to many of us, the most interesting of Doctor Hale's connections
+is his distant relation, Helen Kellar. The first time that wonderful,
+blind, deaf-mute child, then not eight years old, came to his home,
+there happened to be an Egyptian statuette of the god Terminus outside
+the piazza steps. The child touched it, and, with her marvellous
+discernment, starting back, said in her own way: "Oh, the ugly old
+man!"
+
+Helen was then taken to the beautiful alto-relievo of Bernini,
+representing the infants Christ and John playing together. It is a
+little thing, and slowly the child ran her eye-fingers over the chubby
+babes. Suddenly her sightless face lighted with the rarest smile. Her
+soul had understood the significance of the holy group by an intuition
+that science cannot gauge, and she bent over and kissed the sacred
+children.
+
+After all, every home exhibits a clinging pananthropoism, if one may
+be permitted to coin the word. Books and pictures and statuary are the
+man, just as much as his style. They are his most subtile expression.
+They are his unlying interpreters. As you walk into Doctor Hale's
+parlor, resting upon the floor, there confronts you a realistic
+colored photograph of the compelling Matterhorn. That picture, with
+its glacier, its precipices, and its summit, conquered only by
+cooeperative achievement, is a fit emblem of a family climbing from
+height to height.
+
+We left the table, and Lyman Beecher's splendid portrait, that formed
+a strong background for Doctor Hale's impressive head, and stopped for
+a moment in the boys' study, opposite the parlor. There is the
+portrait of Edward Everett, by Stuart Newton: of Alexander Everett, by
+Alexander, and of Mrs. Hale, by Ransom, and a striking picture of the
+doctor himself. How many of these sedate portraits have been shocked
+by shuttlecock and bumped by football at the hands of Doctor Hale's
+rollicking boys, only one of whom, Robert, of rising literary
+reputation, is left with his father in the home!
+
+[Illustration: RESIDENCE OF EDWARD EVERETT HALE.]
+
+Across the narrow back hall one takes a quick glimpse of the four
+phases of the moon on the stairway, then of hundreds of volumes
+lining the walls, billows of books, breaking upon one
+everywhere--five thousand of them.
+
+"That is Thomas Arnold's portrait--father of Matthew," said Doctor
+Hale, pointing from his sofa, and then settling back into
+reminiscences:--"Longfellow over there, and Dean Stanley. I liked
+Stanley, and I think Stanley liked me. We were on very cordial terms.
+He sat at the desk where you are, and I gave him Gladstone's article
+on America, published that fall. There was a carriage at the door. I
+was to show him some historical places. It was October, and cold. I
+told the boys to bring some rugs. They came to the carriage with a lot
+of Arab shawls. Stanley had just come from the desert, and with
+marvellous dexterity he wound a shawl about him so that he looked like
+an Arab sheik. I got a little frightened at the oriental look of it,
+and said: 'Oh, we shall be in all the newspapers.' With reluctance he
+consented to throw a cape over his shoulders instead. But I always
+regretted that I did not allow him to go through the streets as an
+Arab dean. When I bade him good-by that night, he said, with his
+wonted thoughtfulness, 'Let me pay for this carriage; you would never
+have had it if it hadn't been for me.'
+
+"'No,' said I, 'when I go to Westminster you shall pay for me. When
+you are in Boston, I shall pay for you.'
+
+"When we got out of the carriage the hackman took off his hat and
+said: 'If the carriage were mine, you shouldn't pay a cent. Doctor
+Stanley is a good and great man, and I am proud to have carried him.'
+That's pretty good for a Boston hackman."
+
+As my eyes roamed over the mass of portfolios stacked in an orderly
+manner in the case at the foot of his lounge, my imagination conjured
+many an interview that Mr. Hale must have had with immortals,
+contemporaries, and friends of the man before me.
+
+And what invaluable letters must those portfolios contain! Doctor Hale
+evidently caught my curiosity and my glance.
+
+"You would like to see some autographs?" he generously asked.
+
+"Yes, indeed, but I am afraid there is not time now. Tell me about
+some of your most interesting ones."
+
+Then it proved that Doctor Hale had advantages in the line of
+presidential autographs, because of his eminent and political
+ancestry. His collection in this respect is complete, and in this way,
+he says, he began it.
+
+"I was sitting one evening tearing up old papers, after my father's
+death, and among them noticed a letter on the character of Washington.
+Not considering it worth keeping, I took it to tear it up, when out
+dropped a yellow paper, ancient and faded. It proved to be a letter of
+George Washington himself, which had been enclosed in the other letter
+by my father, evidently to illustrate a point in character which the
+writer had raised. Then and there I resolved to make a collection of
+presidential autographs. I don't dare to tell you how many family
+commissions I hold in my portfolio. To me the collection is almost the
+history of my family. I have been tempted to publish a couple of
+volumes of national history of the nineteenth century, to be taken
+bodily from my own portfolio of autographs. It might be rather
+interesting."
+
+"Changing the subject, when did you first meet Emerson?"
+
+"Let me see, I first heard Emerson when I was eleven years old. He was
+delivering his lecture on Mohammed. I first spoke to him in Harvard
+College chapel, when a mutual acquaintance had just taken the highest
+honors. Emerson said of him, with his keenest look:
+
+"'I didn't know he was so fine a fellow. Now, if some misfortune could
+only happen to him; if he could be turned out of college, or could be
+unpopular in his class, or his father could fail in business, all
+would be well with him.'
+
+"This seemed at the time cynical, but when I read of the hardships of
+Emerson's early life, and heard of the unhappy end of the man of
+college honors, I understood it and was astounded at his penetration.
+
+"I have a letter of Emerson's (and you can take a copy of it if you
+like) which cleared up an anecdote that was told of him at the time.
+It was said that on one of his ocean trips he committed 'Alaric' or
+some other long poem to memory, in order to while away a few otherwise
+unprofitable days. It proved to be 'Lycidas,' and I never heard of any
+one else who has committed 'Lycidas' to memory on an ocean trip for
+pastime. Who else but Emerson would have thought of it?"
+
+  CONCORD, _January 26_.
+
+  MY DEAR HALE:--I know by much experience of my own what it is to
+  have Everett on the brain, and you, who have it in the blood, may
+  easily believe that it could only be "Alaric" that I was crooning
+  at sea. But it was not that, but Milton's "Lycidas," which I told
+  of in a lecture on Memory, to which I must think you refer; though
+  nothing of it was ever printed or reported that I know, and it
+  must have been read (_i.e._, the lecture) when you were very
+  young. I ought to be proud that the anecdote could reach you, but
+  the mystery of the memory interested me much.
+
+  I wrote you yesterday about Stirling's pamphlet, which I hope will
+  come speedily to you. I do not recall the title, but it was,
+  perhaps, "Remarks on Mr. Huxley's Protoplasm."
+
+  Yours,
+  R. W. EMERSON.
+
+"Here's another story of Emerson," continued my host, with a twinkle,
+"that reminds me of the story of the man who said he couldn't make a
+speech like Henry Clay, but he had once held the statesman's hat when
+Clay was speaking. When Mr. Emerson delivered his second Phi Beta
+address, the desk had been removed from the pulpit of the church, so
+that he had at the beginning to kneel uncomfortably to read his
+manuscript. I went back in the vestry and found the desk, and, in the
+first pause in Emerson's address, placed it before him. The audience
+of course applauded. When the oration was over, Lowell, who presided,
+congratulated Mr. Emerson on his success, and Emerson's first words
+were, 'Where's that saint, Edward Hale?'"
+
+[Illustration: SITTING-ROOM.]
+
+"Have you any special reminiscence of Hawthorne?"
+
+"Hardly any at all. Personally, Hawthorne was very reticent in
+society. My own recollections of him, when I first saw him, were
+that he hardly spoke a word to anybody. This little scrap of
+Hawthorne's, which you may use, if you care to, was sent to the
+'Boston Miscellany,' a magazine that my brother edited, and to
+which all Young America at that time contributed. Lowell published
+his first stories and articles in the 'Miscellany,' after those in
+'Harvardiana.'
+
+"But with Lowell my relations were singularly intimate. He was also
+intimate with my brother Nathan. Our room in college was convenient
+for him, as his was at a distance from recitations. He was a class in
+advance of me. Those were the days when we borrowed Emerson's volume
+of Tennyson's first poems, and copied the poems in our scrap-books.
+Lowell was deep in the old dramatists then, and read papers on them in
+the Alpha Delta, which was the literary club to which we both
+belonged. The intimacy which was then begun lasted through our lives.
+He edited 'The Atlantic' when I published my first stories there.
+
+[Illustration: HIGHLAND STREET, WITH THE HALE PLACE ON THE RIGHT.]
+
+"By the way, it is reported that Ruskin will be made poet laureate! My
+candidate, however, is Jean Ingelow. The Queen ought to have named a
+woman. Talking on the subject, I have seen with these eyes the
+original correspondence with which Prince Albert offered the
+laureateship to Samuel Rogers. Rogers was greatly pleased, but after
+consideration declined, because he was so old. The Prince then wrote
+to Rogers to ask him to name the laureate. Rogers named Tennyson. Then
+came a letter from the prime minister, in which he said: 'We are not
+acquainted with the works of this gentleman, and will you be good
+enough to let me know whether he has ever written anything which would
+make it improper for a woman to name him for this post?'"
+
+Mr. Hale stopped and laughed heartily. "Just think of that!" he added,
+with glee.
+
+After some skirmishing about the bush--for the office of
+"interlocutor" is not very familiar to me--I asked Doctor Hale:
+
+"What do you consider the best thing you ever did?" He did not seem
+annoyed or perplexed by the question. He thrust his arms behind his
+head, extended himself the full length of the lounge, and regarded me
+with his deep-set eyes. Doctor Hale's face wrinkles in a curious way
+around his eyes. These are the features of his face. They are fine,
+deep, sad, careless of human opinion--except it has to be conciliated
+for a high purpose--and alert as a boy's, ready for a truth or for a
+friend. I believe that a divine physiognomist would read Doctor Hale's
+career in his gray eyes and their high ramparts. "Why, the young man's
+head has an entirely different shape," said the elder Darwin of his
+son Charles, on the young man's return from his voyage in the
+"Beagle." It struck me oddly that in a like manner Doctor Hale's eyes
+had been a mirror of his life.
+
+"I think," began Doctor Hale thoughtfully, "that 'In His Name,' as a
+bit of literary work, is to be regarded as the best book I ever wrote.
+The story of 'The Man Without a Country' has circulated in much larger
+numbers. It was forged in the fire, and I think its great popularity
+is due to the subject."
+
+"And what is your best literary work at present?"
+
+After some hesitation Doctor Hale answered:
+
+"I think my sermons are the best."
+
+This serious answer caused no little astonishment; for one naturally
+thinks of Doctor Hale as an author rather than as a hard-working
+minister.
+
+[Illustration: DOCTOR HALE IN HIS STUDY.]
+
+"I attach a great deal of importance to the weekly printing and
+circulating of sermons," he continued. "It is more than fifteen years
+since I began printing them for our people. It keeps a man at his best
+work. It does away with slipshod carelessness. I should advise every
+minister to print his sermons. The fact of it is," he continued, with
+increasing vivacity, "five-sixths of my work in this office is parish
+work. I am a person who has never lost sight of my profession. People
+complain that my books always carry a moral. I wouldn't write if they
+didn't."
+
+"How did you come to write--as an author, I mean?"
+
+"Until 1861 I was only known in Boston as an energetic minister of an
+active church. I didn't want anything else. I believe now, as then,
+that if anything is going to be done, it is to be done through that
+agency. Then the war came along. I was in the Massachusetts Rifle
+Corps, and," he said this with a pardonable twinkle of pride, "I have
+drilled a major-general. Then I was on the Sanitary Commission. To
+save the country--that brought me into public life, and I have never
+got back into simple parish life again. Then came 'The Man Without a
+Country.' In 1871 'Ten Times One is Ten' was published. From that book
+came a peculiarity of my life. It brought me into close contact with
+all parts of the world. From it sprang the 'Lend a Hand' and the
+'King's Daughters,' and a dozen such working societies, and indirectly
+the Epworth League and the Christian Endeavor. They copied the idea,
+with many of my mottoes."
+
+The speaker stopped while the writer pondered how many a girl, from
+East to West and North to South, carried upon her throat a plain
+silver cross tied with a purple ribbon, her proudest ornament. It is
+an inspiring picture and comes quickly to call. To make an era in
+Christian self-surrender, to girdle the world with unselfish crosses,
+to hammer high purposes into young souls, that is a better life than
+to have written the best novel of the decade.
+
+"Yes," said Doctor Hale, with the authority of his threescore years
+and eleven, "the parish is at the basis of my life, and takes
+five-sixths of my time. All this would have been impossible without
+it."
+
+In these days, when some of our eminent critics consider a moral
+purpose detrimental to the literary value of a story, it is refreshing
+to learn from the mouth of one of our most popular authors that his
+success is due entirely to the inspiration of a Christian ideal. It
+takes the modern school of critics to pat the Lord Jesus Christ upon
+the back. Charles Kingsley and Doctor Hale will not be snuffed out by
+them because they have chosen to Christianize their literary work.
+
+Edward E. Hale regards the ministry as the most practical business in
+the world. The theory that the minister spends his mornings reading
+Hebrew, and his afternoons praying with dying old women, is exploded
+in his career. He knocks about in the most active of city life. It
+came out that the day before I called he went up to the State House to
+argue in favor of an honest bill of some kind. He then signed the
+lease of the "Noonday Rest," a club where working girls are to get
+good food. He made himself responsible for fifteen hundred dollars a
+year because the poor girls had to be cared for, and he "knew it would
+come back to him all right." Then the duties of Vice-President of the
+Industrial Aid called for his attention. "I am the man of business,"
+he said, with flashing eyes. Of such are the charities of his life.
+
+Even while the writer was sitting in the chair that Dean Stanley
+occupied, and revolving the problem whether Doctor Hale summoned from
+some other planet the time in which to write his sermons, we were
+interrupted by a messenger from the Society for Prevention of Cruelty
+to Animals, who came for about fifty pounds of stories which Doctor
+Hale had read in order to determine the four winners of prizes.
+
+"I was a little taken in," he said, with a boyish laugh, after the
+messenger, stunned dumb by that kindly reception of Doctor Hale's
+(which is denied to no one), had departed staggering; "I thought
+they were to be short stories, and they turned out to be
+sixty-thousand-word books."
+
+Doctor Hale's study, which he calls his office, was once used as the
+school-room for day scholars, and had a piazza, on one side of it.
+This Mr. Hale has boarded up and uses the space--three feet wide--for
+his thousands of pamphlets. I stepped in there while the messenger
+from the society with the long name was occupying our host's
+attention, and, for all the world, it seemed like a touch from Dickens
+or a section from the Athenaeum. That pamphlet alcove, narrow, musty,
+yet busy, a composite of the stage-coach days and our electric era,
+gave me a graver suspicion of Doctor Hale's cosmopolitan interests
+than any word he had uttered or anything I had hitherto seen in the
+temple.
+
+When I came back Doctor Hale was again stretched upon the lounge. He
+began almost fiercely upon his favorite topic, and I can do no better
+than to give his own words:
+
+"I have written twenty-five books, but I'm not an author; I'm a parish
+minister. I don't care a snap for the difference between Balzac and
+Daudet. That isn't important in life. I do care about the difference
+between the classes of men who migrate to this country of mine."
+
+Here I interrupted him:
+
+"Is it better to do twenty things than one?"
+
+"Not best for every one; but for a man who writes forty sermons a
+year, it is better not to get into one rut. To write those sermons
+well he must come into touch with forty things or forty men. As a man
+of letters, I say the same thing. An author must be an all-around man
+and take a many-sided view of life. My friends think it harms me. I
+say it does not."
+
+Although I was burning to ask a vital and perhaps an impertinent
+question--for as he was so kind to me I wished not to be intrusive--I
+waited while he chatted about his connection with Harvard.
+
+It is one of Doctor Hale's happiest memories that he was an overseer
+of Harvard University when the modern plan was introduced of having
+more than one person to take charge of the chapel services. The new
+custom was initiated by appointing the clerical members of the
+overseers and faculty to take the chapel in turn. Doctor Hale thinks
+there were nine of them. So he took a ninth part. That system in turn
+gave way to the present system, by which five or six men are appointed
+annually. Each in turn is given a room in college, so as to enter into
+intimate pastoral relationship with the boys. This system has proved
+wonderfully successful. In the inauguration of each of its phases
+Doctor Hale was senior in the board, and heavily influential in the
+working of the experiment. It is not to be wondered at, that of the
+experiences of his long life he values making the acquaintance of a
+"couple of thousand of as fine young men as the day can produce."
+
+This is only another illustration of Doctor Hale's wide sweep and
+influence.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBRARY.]
+
+"Doctor Hale, you yourself have hinted at it, namely, that the worst
+thing your friends say about you is, that you have too many irons in
+the fire. Do you think that thereby you have missed an opportunity in
+life?"
+
+"I am glad you asked that question," he reassured me with his most
+winning smile. "I don't think I have," he said slowly. "I might have
+written better verses; by the way"--I thought he was changing the
+subject--"I am just editing a collection of my verses for Roberts
+Brothers, to be called 'For Fifty Years.' On the title-page this
+quotation from the 'Ingham Papers' will be printed as a motto for the
+poems. Read it aloud to me."
+
+Judge how I was moved as I read the following words to him:
+
+"Poor Ingham was painfully conscious that he had no peculiar genius
+for one duty rather than another. If it were his duty to write verses,
+he wrote verses; to lay telegraph, he laid telegraph; to fight
+slavers, he fought slavers; to preach sermons, he preached sermons.
+And he did one of these things with just as much alacrity as the
+other; the moral purpose entirely controlling such mental aptness or
+physical habits as he could bring to bear."
+
+As my voice died away among the volumes, it flashed across me that in
+these words could be found Doctor Hale's mental and spiritual
+biography.
+
+"Is this your epitaph?" I asked, very soberly.
+
+"I am willing to stand by this as my epitaph," he repeated after me,
+in his gravest tones.
+
+Now this scene was not an interview, but a revelation, and I felt that
+it "was good to be there." But, as an engagement called us to go out
+together, we arose.
+
+"I wish you could have seen more of my parish work," he said, as we
+walked in the rain. He recurred to his favorite topic eagerly. "For
+that is my real life."
+
+[Illustration: THE DINING-ROOM.]
+
+"Sermons?" The word started him off.
+
+"I have no patience with the idea that it takes six days of grinding
+to write a sermon. What nonsense! A sermon consists of about two
+thousand five hundred words. I take a cup of coffee before breakfast
+and write about six pages--that is, six hundred and fifty words. In
+the morning I dictate to my amanuensis one thousand five hundred
+words. I am intensely interested in the subject, and this takes only a
+quarter of an hour. In the afternoon I look it over and add five or
+six hundred words, and the sermon is done. In all, I haven't put my
+hand for over two hours to paper."
+
+Although I have written a sermon or two myself, and had a different
+experience, I did not argue the point. I have a faint suspicion that
+it would take most people fifty years of experience to arrive at such
+a wonderful facility.
+
+Power? Where did Doctor Hale get the strength to carry through his
+hundred duties?--editing--writing--aiding public work and public and
+private charities--correspondence--for he is the busiest man in
+Boston, and his business increases upon him week by week in an
+appalling ratio.
+
+"How on earth do you do it all? Where do you get the power? What is
+it?"
+
+"The simple truth is," and I quote his words exactly, "that any child
+of God, who in any adequate way believes that he can partake of the
+divine nature, knows that he has strength enough for any business
+which looks the right way; that is, which helps to bring God's kingdom
+into the world. Well, if you are working with Aladdin's lamp, or with
+Monte Cristo's treasures, you are not apt to think you will fail. Far
+less will you think you will fail if you are working with the
+omnipotence of the Lord God behind you. When people talk to me,
+therefore, about optimism or good spirits or expecting success, if I
+know them well enough I say that I am promised infinite power to work
+with, and that whenever I have trusted it fairly and squarely, I have
+found that the promise was true."
+
+He stopped, and under the shelter of a high steeple we separated: and
+the parish priest, the author, the eager citizen, the helper of poor
+girls and struggling young men, the man of power, the Christian
+cosmopolitan, strode down the street, and was lost in the mist.
+
+I could not help calling to mind a pretty story told of him while he
+was travelling in the West. As the train stopped at some forsaken
+hamlet in California, twenty girls were seen upon the platform. On
+hearing that Edward E. Hale was to pass through, they had begged off
+from school in order to greet him. They were "King's Daughters," and
+Doctor Hale was their inspiration and their chief. Each girl was
+loaded with a different flower, with which she garlanded her hero.
+
+Such a tender and reverential free-masonry as this, founded by
+himself, greets him daily through the mail, and overwhelms him when he
+travels from his own home.
+
+As the author of "The Man Without a Country," "In His Name," and "Ten
+Times One is Ten," he sways our imagination and our hearts. But let
+him also be known as a man content to be a parish minister, and as one
+who never fails to lend a hand when the chance is given to him.
+
+[Illustration: E. E. HALE IN 1847. FROM A PAINTING BY RICHARD HINSDALE.]
+
+
+
+
+HOW CASSIE SAVED THE SPOONS.
+
+BY ANNIE HOWELLS FRECHETTE.
+
+
+The last good-by had been said, and the comfortable country carriage,
+drawn by its two glossy bay horses, had disappeared around a knoll.
+
+"They is do'rn," remarked the baby, as if just in possession of a
+solemn fact.
+
+"Torse they is do'rn, you blessed baby," answered Florence, his
+fifteen-year-old sister, stooping down and lifting him in her strong
+arms and kissing him.
+
+The baby, let me remark, was a sturdy boy of four, with bright brown
+eyes and red cheeks--cheeks so plump that when you had a side view of
+his face you could only see the tip of his little pug nose.
+
+"Well, if ever anybody has earned a holiday, they are father and
+mother," said Cassie.
+
+"Cassie, dear, your sentiment is better than your grammar," laughed
+Rose, the eldest of the three sisters.
+
+"Never you mind my grammar, Miss Eglantine. I mayn't have much 'book
+larnin',' but I've got a head on my shoulders, as father frequently
+remarks--which is a good thing, for I couldn't bear to look at myself
+in the glass if I hadn't--and besides, how could I do my hair up so
+neatly, (Cassie's hair was the joke of the family) if I hadn't? And
+now I'm going up-stairs to cry, and I'll be down in three minutes to
+help with the dishes," and the giddy girl flew into the house and
+disappeared.
+
+At the expiration of the three minutes which Cassie had set apart as
+sacred to her grief, she reappeared, sniffing audibly, but otherwise
+cheerful.
+
+"Now, girls, I say let us buzz through the work like a swarm of
+industrious bumble-bees, and then go down to the creek lots and put in
+the day gathering nuts. Last night, as Ned and I came through them,
+the nuts were falling like hail, and we can pick up our winter's
+supply in a few hours."
+
+This was favorably received, for they were all--even Rose--children
+enough to enjoy a long day in the autumn woods. We all know that
+willing hands make light work, and the morning's task was quickly
+done; a basket of lunch was put up, and the girls, with the baby, were
+soon scampering through the meadow toward the little creek, whose
+borders for miles around were famous for their wealth of nuts.
+
+The harvest was indeed bountiful, and they worked merrily and
+untiringly until bags and baskets were filled and deposited by a great
+log, where their brother would next day find them and cart them home.
+So busy and happy had they been that they could scarcely believe that
+the day had ended until the woods began to fill with shadows, and the
+baby declared he was sleepy and wanted his supper.
+
+"Who would ever have believed it so late?" cried Rose, peering from
+under the low boughs toward the west, "and there are all those cows to
+milk and the chickens to feed! Come, come, girls, not another nut;
+we'll have to go home at once if we want to get through before dark.
+Cassie, you are the quickest, do run ahead and let the bars down, and
+get the pails ready, and I'll carry the baby--he's so tired, poor
+little fellow, he can hardly stand. Florence can start the fire and
+begin the supper while you and I do the chores."
+
+Away sped the light-footed Cassie, while the others made such haste as
+they could with the tired baby, who wept in a self-pitying way upon
+Rose's shoulder.
+
+"Oo dirls is 'tarvin' me an' walkin' me most to pieces, an' I want my
+mover," he wailed, as he finally dozed off.
+
+Rose laid him upon the lounge in the cozy sitting-room, and, waiting
+for a moment to see Florence started with the supper, for which they
+were all ready, hurried away to the barn, where she could hear Cassie
+whistling, and talking to the cows as she milked.
+
+Out from the kitchen's open door appetizing odors of coffee and frying
+ham stole to greet the two girls, as they came towards the house with
+their brimming pails of frothy milk.
+
+"It smells good," said Cassie, "and I'm as hungry as a tramp----"
+
+"Oh, Cassie! why did you say that? I've just been trying not to think
+about tramps. I always feel creepy when I'm about the barn after dark,
+anyway, and now----"
+
+"Well, my saying that won't bring any along."
+
+"They are positively the only things in the world that I'm afraid
+of."
+
+"Well, then, _I'm_ not afraid of them. And suppose one should come?
+Surely three great stout girls ought to be able to take care of
+themselves."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, dear, please stop talking about them! I feel as if one
+were stepping on my heels. Let's run."
+
+"And spill the milk? Not much."
+
+The kitchen looked so bright and cheery as they entered it that Rose
+seemed to leave her fears outside with the duskiness, and by the time
+she had strained the milk and put it away, she had forgotten that
+tramps existed.
+
+Cassie had gone up-stairs to make some needed changes in her toilet,
+the baby had roused from a short nap and was taking a rather mournful
+interest in the preparations for supper, when Rose, who had just
+stopped to ask him whether he would rather have honey or preserves,
+heard a stealthy step upon the porch. A moment later, the door was
+pushed slowly open and a man walked in.
+
+"Good evening, ladies. Is your pa at home?"
+
+"N--no," faltered Rose, trying to settle to her own satisfaction
+whether this dirty-looking stranger might be some new neighbor, who
+had come upon legitimate business, or whether he was her one horror--a
+tramp.
+
+"Any of your big brothers in?" with rather a jocular manner.
+
+"N--no, sir."
+
+"And I don't see any bull-dog loafin' round," he added.
+
+"Our dord, he is dead," explained the baby solemnly.
+
+"Well, that's a good thing. Will the old gentleman be in soon?"
+
+"I--I don't know--yes--I--I _hope_ so. Is there any message you would
+like to leave for him?"
+
+Before the man could answer, the baby's voice was again heard.
+
+"My fahver he's dorn orf."
+
+"Where's he gone, sonny?"
+
+"He's dorn on the tars, so's my mohver; and my bid brover he putted
+yem on, and he won't be home 'til I'm asleep, and he's doin' to brin'
+me a drum and put it in my bed."
+
+(Oh, how Rose longed to shake the baby!)
+
+"Well, then, ladies, since you are likely to be alone, I think I'll
+stay and keep you company; and since you press me, I _will_ take tea
+and spend the evening. Don't go to any extra work for me, though; it
+all looks very nice. I'm rather hungry, so you may dish up that ham at
+once, my dear"--this to poor Florence, who had shrunk almost into
+invisibility behind the stove-pipe, and who seemed glued to the
+spot--"I've usually a very fair appetite, and I am sure I will relish
+it."
+
+He tossed his hat down beside the chair which he drew up to the
+table.
+
+With the light falling full upon his dirty, insolent face, Rose knew
+that her greatest dread was before her. With her knees almost sinking
+under her, she started toward the stairs, for she felt that she must
+let the intrepid Cassie know, and find out what she advised.
+
+"Where are you going, my dear?" asked the tramp, suspiciously. "You've
+not got any big cousin or uncle or anything of that kind up-stairs
+that you are going to call to tea, have you?"
+
+"Oh, no, there is no one up-stairs but my poor sister," she managed to
+gasp. She could not have told why she said "poor sister," unless it
+was from the sense of calamity which had overtaken them all.
+
+"In that case be spry, for I'm hungry, and I want you to pour out my
+tea for me. I like to have a pretty face opposite me at table."
+
+Rose dragged herself up the narrow enclosed stairs and into Cassie's
+room.
+
+"Well, Rose, you _must_ be about tuckered out. You come up-stairs as
+if you were eighty," said Cassie, looking up from the shoe she was
+fastening. "Why, what ails you? You look as if you had seen a ghost!"
+
+"Oh, Cassie, there is one of them down-stairs!" came in a whisper.
+
+"What _do_ you mean, Rose Bostwick? A _ghost_ down-stairs!"
+
+"No--no--a tramp."
+
+"Whew!" and Cassie gave a low whistle. "And I suppose you're scared?"
+
+"Oh, Cassie, I feel as if I were choking! Do hurry down, he may be
+killing poor little Florence and the baby. What shall we do? The baby
+has told him we are all alone."
+
+"The baby ought to be soundly spanked for that."
+
+"What _can_ we do? Try to think."
+
+Cassie sat swinging the button-hook in her hand and thinking very hard
+and fast.
+
+"Does he know I'm here?"
+
+"Yes, I've told him."
+
+"Then it would be no use for me to pretend to be Ned," thinking
+aloud.
+
+"I'm afraid not."
+
+Another silence dedicated to thought.
+
+"Rose?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"I'm going to be crazy. I'm going to chase him off the farm."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, you _can't_! He's a great, big, impudent wretch. What
+folly to talk about chasing him off the farm!"
+
+"It's our only chance."
+
+"Don't count on me. _I_ can't help you. My teeth are chattering with
+terror, and my legs are doubling up under me this very minute. I
+couldn't help chase a fly."
+
+"You can scream, I s'pose?"
+
+"Oh, yes, I can do that."
+
+"Well, you do the screaming and I'll do the chasing. Rush down-stairs
+and scream and scream, and bang the door to, and just shriek: 'She's
+out--she's out--she's coming down stairs!' And you'll see what a
+perfectly beautiful lunatic I will be. It's a good thing I have this
+old dress on, and only one shoe. Now make a rush, and scream."
+
+Rose's over-strained nerves were her best allies, and as she flew down
+the stairs it was the easiest thing in the world for her to give one
+piercing shriek after another. They resounded from the narrow stairway
+through the kitchen, and for the moment seemed to paralyze its
+inmates. As she burst in upon them, Florence was transfixed midway of
+the table and the stove with the platter of ham in her hands, the baby
+had climbed upon a chair, and the tramp had arisen with a bewildered
+air from the table. As her skirts cleared the door, she turned and
+dashed it shut, and flung herself against it, shrieking, "She's
+out--she's out of her room!"
+
+To the mystified Florence there came but one solution to her
+behavior--fright had overthrown her sister's reason, and with a wail
+she rushed toward her, crying, "She's crazy! Oh, she's crazy!"
+
+"Who's crazy?" yelled the tramp.
+
+The baby, now wildly terrified, set up a loud weeping, while from the
+stairway came a succession of blows and angry demands that the door be
+opened. A moment later it was forced ajar, and a head crowned with a
+mass of tossed hair was thrust out and quickly followed by a hand in
+which was clutched a gun.
+
+"She's got the gun! Oh, Florence, run to the baby!" cried Rose.
+
+"Who's that?" demanded the apparition, making a rush toward the
+tramp.
+
+"Here, keep off! Leave me alone!" backing away and warding off an
+expected blow.
+
+She stood before him, tall, strong, and agile.
+
+"I won't leave you alone. What do you mean by locking me in that room?
+I'm no more crazy than you are. What's this?" as she stumbled over the
+hat which the tramp had put beside the chair, and into which he had
+deposited the silver spoons from the table. "Oh, I see, you are all in
+league to rob me of my gold and precious stones!" and catching the hat
+up on the muzzle of the gun she gave it a whirl which sent the spoons
+glittering in every direction; then, advancing upon him, she thrust
+hat and gun into the face of the horrified man. With a volley of oaths
+he sprang backwards, upsetting his chair and falling over it.
+
+"Oh, don't kill him, Cassie! don't kill him!"
+
+"We'll have a merry time," gaily dancing about him and prodding him
+sharply with the gun, as he tried to scramble to his feet.
+
+"Keep off with that gun, can't you!" he yelled. "Can't you hold her,
+you screaming idiots?" and half crawling, half pushed, he gained the
+kitchen door, which had stood partly open since he had entered.
+
+"Where are you going, my pretty maid? Don't you try to get away,"
+shouted Cassie, as she lilted lightly after him. The tramp stayed not
+to answer her question nor to obey her command, but clearing the door
+fled wildly away through the dusk.
+
+"Here's your hat; I'll fire it after you," she called, and a sharp
+report rang out on the quiet evening air, then all was still.
+
+The three girls stood for a moment in the door, watching the dim
+outline fleeing across the meadow in the direction of the highway.
+
+"He'll think twice before inviting himself to supper another time,"
+quietly remarked Cassie with a satisfied smile.
+
+"Oh, Cassie, darling, you have saved our lives," cried Florence,
+flinging her arms around her sister.
+
+"I don't know about that; but I've saved the spoons, anyway."
+
+"There, there, baby," going to the still afflicted boy; "don't cry any
+more. Sister Cassie was just making a dirty old tramp hop; she didn't
+really shoot him, she was just playing shoot."
+
+"Oh, Cassie, you splendid, brave girl! How _did_ you ever happen to
+think to go crazy?" asked Rose, as she looked over her shoulder from
+the door which she was barricading.
+
+"Well, I knew something had to be done, and that just popped into my
+mind. I was doing 'Ophelia' the other day up in my room, so I was in
+practice; and didn't I make a sweetly pensive maniac? Now I hope you
+girls will never again make disrespectful comments upon any little
+private theatricals of mine. If I had never cultivated my dramatic
+talents, what would have become of you, I'd like to know?"
+
+It was some time before the tidal wave of excitement subsided
+sufficiently for the girls to settle down for the evening, or for the
+baby to go to sleep. Again and again they thought they heard
+footsteps, and, although the door was locked and double-locked, they
+drew up into battle line whenever the autumn wind shook down a shower
+of leaves upon the roof.
+
+Just as the clock was on the stroke of eight, a pleasant sound came
+fitfully to them. It was a softly whistled tune, and the cheery
+cadence told of a mind free from unpleasant doubts of welcome.
+
+"Surely that can't be Ned back already; he wasn't to start home until
+nine," said Rose, going to the window and cautiously peeping from
+under the curtain.
+
+"Right you are there, sister Rose," assented Cassie. "It surely can't
+be, especially as Ned could no more whistle 'Marching through Georgia'
+than you could have done the marching. It sounds uncommonly like young
+Farmer Dunscomb's whistle to me."
+
+"Well, whoever it is, I am deeply thankful that somebody besides a
+tramp is coming," interrupted Florence.
+
+"And so am I," demurely agreed Rose. "Do go to the door, Cassie, and
+peep out, and make sure that it isn't that dreadful creature coming
+back."
+
+"Are you a dreadful creature coming to murder us all?" demanded Cassie
+of the whistler, setting the door slightly ajar, and thrusting her
+head out.
+
+"Well, I don't go round giving myself out as a dreadful creature,"
+responded a jolly voice from the porch. "Hello! What's this I'm
+breaking my neck over?" as the owner of the voice tripped upon an old
+slouch hat.
+
+"Bring that article of wearing apparel to me, if you please,"
+requested Cassie as she opened the door, letting a flood of light out
+upon the visitor. "That is a little token of remembrance which I wish
+to keep. There!" holding the hat out at arm's length, "I have long
+wanted a gilt toasting-fork or rolling-pin, or something artistic, for
+my room; now I shall embroider these shot-holes and gild the brim and
+hang it up by long blue ribbons, just where my waking orbs can rest
+upon it as they open in the morning. Ah, this hat will ever have
+stirring memories for me, friend George," eying the young man
+dramatically.
+
+He looked at her a moment, then burst into a hearty laugh. "Is she
+crazy, Rose?"
+
+"Yes, she's the dearest and bravest lunatic in the world, George,"
+answered Rose.
+
+
+
+
+SURRENDER.
+
+BY GERTRUDE HALL.
+
+
+  Then lead me, Friend. Here is my hand,
+    Not in dumb resignation lent,
+  Because thee one cannot withstand--
+    In love, Lord, with complete consent.
+
+  Lead--and I, not as one born blind
+    Obeys in sheer necessity,
+  But one with muffled eyes designed,
+    Will blindly trust myself to thee.
+
+  Lead.--Though the road thou mak'st me tread
+    Bring sweat of anguish to my brow,
+  And on the flints my track be red,
+    I will not murmur--it is thou.
+
+  Lead.--If we come to the cliff's crest,
+    And I hear deep below--oh, deep!--
+  The torrent's roar, and "Leap!" thou sayst,
+    I will not question--I will leap.
+
+
+
+
+"HUMAN DOCUMENTS."
+
+  "_For of the soule the bodie forme doth take,
+  For soule is forme and doth the bodie make._"
+
+  --From "An Hymne in Honour of Beautie."--SPENSER.
+
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
+
+WILLIAM II., EMPEROR OF GERMANY, was born January 27, 1859, and
+received an education chiefly at home, under the supervision of his
+parents, his tutors, and his military instructors. On March 9, 1888,
+his grandfather, the first emperor, died. On June 15 of the same year
+Emperor Frederick also died, and William II. succeeded. After spending
+some time in personally visiting the courts of European sovereigns,
+the young emperor took a decisive step towards his future standing as
+a leader in European politics, by severing relations with his
+grandfather's right-hand man, Prince Bismarck. From that time, he has
+himself been the most prominent and dominating figure in the
+administration of Germany's affairs. He has, without regard to
+imperial precedent, personally connected himself with such questions
+as concern the population of the whole world, notably the Socialistic
+and Labor problems. He has made himself, also, a master of the
+smallest details concerning the government of his people, and even of
+his household. As yet without experience of actual warfare, he is an
+alert and constant inspector of both his army and navy, and, in his
+determined enforcement of the "Army Bill," has given evidence of his
+desire to uphold Germany as a military power second to none. With the
+exception of slight colonial difficulties in Samoa and Africa, he has
+had as yet no foreign trouble to contend with. He is a close student
+and an eager inquirer; he is a good shot, a skilled horseman, and
+interested in all forms of sport.
+
+EUGENE FIELD, poet and journalist, was born in St. Louis in 1850, but
+spent the greater part of his youth in Massachusetts. He was educated
+at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, and the State University at
+Columbia, Missouri. After a visit to Europe, he commenced work as a
+journalist on the "St. Louis Journal." From that time to the present
+he has been continually connected with the western newspaper press of
+America, having occupied editorial positions in St. Joseph, Kansas
+City, and Denver, and finally on the Chicago "News." His humorous and
+satirical studies in that newspaper have made him widely known, and
+his occasional verses have become very popular. His best work has been
+published in book form under the titles: "A Little Book of Western
+Verse," "A Second Book of Verse," and "A Little Book of Profitable
+Tales." (See "Dialogue between Eugene Field and Hamlin Garland," in
+the August number of MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE.)
+
+COLONEL ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, President of the Pope Manufacturing
+Company, was born in Boston in 1843. He received an ordinary
+public-school education, and at nineteen years of age entered the
+Union army as a volunteer, with the appointment of second lieutenant
+in the 35th Massachusetts Infantry, serving with distinction, and
+being gazetted lieutenant-colonel "for gallant conduct in the battles
+of Knoxville, Poplar Springs Church, and front of Petersburg." At the
+close of the war he commenced business in Boston, and, becoming
+interested in the development of the bicycle, he began to introduce
+the machines into the United States, commencing the manufacture of
+them in 1878. The Pope Manufacturing Company are the proprietors of
+the "Columbia" bicycle, and their works are among the largest of the
+kind in the world. Colonel Pope has taken an active interest in
+affairs of public moment both in his native State and throughout the
+country, notably so in the movement for establishing better roads, and
+in the welfare and education of factory employees.
+
+
+EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY.
+
+_Born January 27, 1859._
+
+[Illustration: AGE 10. 1869. PRINCE WILLIAM OF PRUSSIA, YOUNGEST
+LIEUTENANT IN THE ARMY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 25. 1884. PRINCE WILLIAM, COLONEL OF INFANTRY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 15. 1874. STUDENT AT CASSEL.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 20. 1879. PRINCE WILLIAM, PREMIER LIEUTENANT.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 29. CROWN PRINCE OF PRUSSIA, IN THE UNIFORM OF A
+COLONEL OF HUSSARS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 29. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, KING OF PRUSSIA, IN
+THE UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 33. DECEMBER, 1892. EMPEROR WILLIAM OF GERMANY, IN THE
+UNIFORM OF A GENERAL OF CUIRASSIERS OF THE ROYAL BODY GUARD.]
+
+
+EUGENE FIELD.
+
+_Born in St. Louis, 1850._
+
+[Illustration: AGE SIX MONTHS.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 12.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 20.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 23.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 30.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 34.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 42.]
+
+
+COLONEL ALBERT A. POPE.
+
+_Born in Boston, 1843._
+
+[Illustration: AGE 7.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 15.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 19. 1862. LIEUTENANT IN THE 35TH MASSACHUSETTS
+INFANTRY.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 27.]
+
+[Illustration: AGE 48.]
+
+
+
+
+DREAMS GO BY CONTRARIES.
+
+BY GEORGE H. JESSOP.
+
+
+"I don't want to hurry any one," remarked our host, shaking the ashes
+out of a well-blackened meerschaum, "but we have a long day before us
+to-morrow, and if any one wants any sleep this is the time to take
+it."
+
+No response from any one of the half-dozen men lounging in the snug
+armchairs of that most perfectly appointed smoking-room.
+
+"I don't mind," said Sir Alan. "Two or three hours in bed are enough
+for me at any time. Please pass the spirit case, Jones. I wonder
+you're not sleepy, Tom Everton. You used always to be in bed by eleven
+when you had an early morning in prospect, but I suppose matrimony has
+cured you of that along with other failings."
+
+"Tom says he isn't going," some one remarked.
+
+"Not going! Pooh, nonsense! I thought he'd made up his mind to bring
+down a hart royal, at least, or leave his bones on Balmaquidder
+Brae."
+
+Mr. Everton looked decidedly uncomfortable.
+
+"I--I should like to try of all things," he stammered, "but--well--I
+won't--at least I think--I--I shan't go with you to-morrow--that is,
+if Sir Alan will excuse me."
+
+"Please yourself and you'll please me," replied the hospitable
+baronet; "but if it isn't any secret I'd like to know what has made
+you change your mind so suddenly."
+
+"He promised Mrs. Everton he wouldn't go," broke in the previous
+speaker. "She dreamed a dream, and, like Pharaoh's chief baker, she
+thought there was something in it."
+
+"Do be quiet, Jones," interrupted Everton, irritably. "My wife had a
+rather odd dream last night, and she's a bit nervous, you know,
+and--well, after all, it's not much to give up one day's
+deer-stalking, if any one's going to make herself miserable over it."
+
+We all knew each other pretty well, this little circle of guests
+collected by Sir Alan to help him to shoot his Scotch mountain, and
+very free and outspoken was the "chaff" that flew around poor Tom
+Everton's devoted head. He bore it with great good-humor for some
+time, till Jones made a rather uncalled-for remark involving questions
+of free will and "petticoat government." Then Tom flared up.
+
+"I don't stay at home because I'm afraid of anything, but simply
+because I have promised. My wife dreamed that I went out with this
+party, and it grew late without any of us coming back. Then she
+thought she saw me lying face down in the Balmaquidder, and she seemed
+to know I was dead. I don't remember the details, but I know she
+worked herself up into a shocking nervous state about it till I
+promised not to go. Of course it's all nonsense, I know that, but what
+can I do?"
+
+"Do as you promised!" It was Colonel Eyre's deep voice that uttered
+the words, and we all glanced round at the speaker. He had remained
+silent during the badinage occasioned by Everton's determination,
+sitting with his tumbler of Scotch whiskey-and-water in front of him,
+puffing away silently at the short brier-root, whose bowl scarcely
+cleared the sweep of his heavy, grizzled mustache. He was holding the
+pipe in his hand now, sitting erect and speaking with unmistakable
+earnestness of manner. "Do as you promised, and don't be too sure it's
+all nonsense, either. I have known cases in which men have lived to be
+very thankful that they yielded to a presentiment."
+
+"But this was a dream, colonel," broke in the irrepressible Jones.
+
+"Dream be it, then! Stay at home, Everton. As you say, it's not much
+to miss a day's shooting. And if you neglect this warning the chances
+are you may never live to regret it." The speaker took a sip from the
+tumbler in front of him, replaced his pipe between his lips, and
+leaned back as if the subject were at an end.
+
+But the colonel, an Indian officer of many years' service, was
+popularly supposed to have led a life of adventure, and to have
+figured in more than one story whose exciting incidents could well
+bear repetition. As a rule, he was a taciturn man, and it was by no
+means easy to "set him talking," as the story goes. The present seemed
+an opportunity too good to be lost, and several voices demanded the
+experience by whose authority he had spoken so decidedly.
+
+"Well, yes," said Colonel Eyre slowly, "I have seen a presentiment
+very remarkably fulfilled. I am not much of a hand at yarning, but, if
+you wish, I have no objection to give you a leaf out of my own book,
+if it's only that you may leave my friend Tom here in peace to follow
+his own course, without badgering him about it. Yes, I mean you, Mr.
+Jones," he went on, impaling that helpless youngster with a glance
+that sent him nervously to the spirit case, while the rest of us
+settled ourselves comfortably to listen, and Sir Alan, with a "Fire
+ahead, colonel," drew his chair forward into a better position.
+
+"It was a good while after the breaking of the monsoon in '68," began
+the colonel, slowly; "the weather was cool and pleasant enough, so
+that, on the face of it, it seemed no great hardship when I was
+ordered to take a detachment down to Sumbalpar. I was stationed at
+Raipur at the time, in the Orissa district, and word came of some
+trouble with the Zemindars above Sumbalpar. The only thing that seemed
+inconvenient was the suddenness of the order. It was just 'Fall in and
+march out' without delay of an hour. I was a young married man in
+those days, pretty much in the position of my friend Tom Everton, with
+a wife of two years and a bit of a baby a few months old. It wasn't
+pleasant to leave them behind me in a place like Raipur, and, of
+course, it was out of the question to start them at an hour's notice.
+I spoke to my bearer, Josein, one of the best native servants I ever
+saw, and directed him to make arrangements for an early march on the
+following morning. He was to see my family driven quietly over to
+Sumbalpar in the tonga. They were to travel by easy stages under the
+charge of a careful bilewallah. If there are any 'griffs' in this
+company, I may explain for their benefit that a tonga is a kind of
+bullock wagon, and a bilewallah is the driver of the same. Well, I had
+just time for a few words of comfort and farewell--Tom will appreciate
+all that--before I rode out of Raipur at the head of my column. We
+camped that night in the jungle, after a march of about twenty miles,
+and it was under canvas that I was visited with the dream or
+presentiment, or whatever you choose to call it, that gives such point
+as it may possess to this old-time yarn of mine."
+
+The colonel paused to refill his glass, but every one's interest was
+now awakened, and no one broke the momentary silence that ensued.
+
+"It was pretty late before I fell asleep," resumed Colonel Eyre,
+setting down his tumbler, "and it was still dark when I awoke, or
+seemed to awake, with my wife's voice ringing in my ears--a shriek of
+agony that made me start up from my pillow and listen breathlessly.
+There was a lantern burning in my tent--I had left it so when I lay
+down--and by the glimmer of light I saw a large, dark mass spread
+itself between me and the canvas roof and gradually settle down on my
+head. I did not know what it was--it was vague and formless in
+outline--but I had a consciousness that it was something of a
+dangerous nature--something that threatened my life--and I struggled
+to throw myself to one side or the other. In vain. I could not move
+hand or foot. I lay as if chained to the bed, and still the dark mass
+descended, shutting out light and air and seeming to suffocate me."
+
+"Nightmare!" remarked Sir Alan.
+
+"Very possibly," returned the colonel. "Suddenly, just as I gave
+myself up for lost, and sank back on the pillow exhausted, I heard my
+wife's voice again, this time clear and articulate. 'Save yourself,
+Gerald,' it cried. 'Make one more effort for my sake.' I glanced up at
+the threatening outline, nerving myself for a final struggle. It was
+no longer formless; its approach had ceased to be slow. Swift as the
+swoop of a falcon it descended upon me--the immense body of a tiger on
+the spring--its cruel jaws agape, its enormous paws with every claw
+unsheathed, and its hot, fetid breath on my very brow!"
+
+"A decidedly uncomfortable dream," observed Jones.
+
+"Of course all this passed in one-tenth of the time I take to tell it.
+I rolled out from under the hungry jaws, and just as I reached the
+ground I heard the angry growl of the baffled monster, followed by a
+shattering roar loud enough to waken the Seven Sleepers. As my senses
+came back to me, I found myself lying half on the ground, half on my
+low camp bed, my body bathed in perspiration, and trembling in every
+limb. Just then my batman put his head inside the tent-flap and asked
+me if I had heard the roar, adding that there was a tiger in the camp.
+I pulled on my clothes, and I could hear the men walking about among
+the tents, searching and whispering--but no trace of a tiger could we
+discover."
+
+"Then it was a real tiger?" inquired Tom.
+
+"It would seem so, as the whole camp had heard the roar as well as
+myself. However, it was almost morning by this time, and as every one
+was afoot and moments were precious I gave orders to push on at once.
+A hurried chota hazree was quickly prepared and despatched, and by the
+time the sun rose we were fairly on our way, with a good prospect of
+reaching Sumbalpar before nightfall. I couldn't shake off the
+impression of the dream, however, try as I would. Besides, some
+natives who had come in before we broke camp told us of a man-eater
+which had been infesting the district. A tiger that has once tasted
+human flesh, as you may have heard, is never content with beef or
+venison afterwards, and they sometimes make themselves the terror of a
+whole country-side before they are shot. What with the vague
+misgivings suggested by my dream, and the tangible danger of the
+man-eater, I found myself growing more and more uneasy with every mile
+we marched. Finally, I determined to turn back and meet my wife. I was
+well mounted, and I believed I could gallop to the rear, assure myself
+that all was well with her, and pick up my command again before it
+reached Sumbalpar. I left the detachment in charge of a sergeant--poor
+old Busbee, he died of jungle fever that same year--and rode back as
+fast as King Tom, a very speedy chestnut, could lay leg to ground. I
+passed the spot where we had spent the night, and kept on several
+miles beyond without seeing anything to cause uneasiness. My fears
+were beginning to disperse, and common sense made itself heard. I
+realized that I might find it very difficult to give a satisfactory
+explanation of my absence if the men reached Sumbalpar without
+me--they do not pay much attention to dreams at headquarters. This
+view of the case became more impressive with each mile I rode, and I
+determined that if the next turn in the path did not bring my family
+into view, or show me some other good reason for pushing on, I would
+turn back and rejoin my command. Thus resolved, I cantered forward,
+swung round the tangled angle of brush that limited my view, and
+saw----"
+
+Here the colonel stopped for another sip of whiskey-and-water.
+
+"What did you see?" cried Sir Alan. "Your wife?"
+
+"Yes, sir, I saw her. She was sitting with the baby in her lap in the
+tonga--pale--I have never seen such an expression of strained terror
+on any human countenance. The bilewallah was in front, trying to keep
+the bullocks, which seemed almost frantic with fear, to the path. I
+knew the man well--one of the best hands with a team at the
+station--but just then his face was so distorted with fright that I
+hardly recognized him. You know that lilac-grayish tinge a native's
+face gets when he is scared almost to death----"
+
+"I know, I know," broke in Sir Alan. "But what was the matter--what
+was frightening them? Could you see anything?"
+
+"Indeed I could," replied the colonel. "Cause enough they had; not
+five yards behind them trotted the largest tiger it has ever been my
+fortune to see."
+
+Various exclamations testified to the completeness of the surprise to
+which Colonel Eyre had treated his audience.
+
+"Was it a man-eater?" I asked.
+
+"At first I supposed it was, but if it had been I never should have
+seen them alive. After I shot the beast----"
+
+"Oh, you did shoot him?"
+
+"Don't ask me how! I am counted a fair shot--I was far better then;
+but when I levelled my rifle at that brute's heart, when I realized
+how much hung on the result--for if I had missed, or if I had merely
+wounded him, he would have been in the tonga at a single spring, and
+nothing under heaven itself could have saved those dearest to me from
+a horrible death--when I realized all this, I don't know how I found
+the nerve to pull the trigger. I suppose I knew it was the only
+chance. My appearance had enraged the animal and he was just preparing
+to spring. This I do know, and I'm not ashamed to own it: when I saw
+that I had laid the tiger out with a single shot--a thing that doesn't
+happen twice in a lifetime--I fell flat beside the tonga in the act of
+helping my wife down; for the first and last time in my life I
+fainted.
+
+"Yes, it was a pretty hard trial on the nerves," resumed the
+colonel, as our discussion of the situation sank into silence, "but
+nothing to what my wife had gone through. That tiger had followed
+them for more than four miles through the jungle. The bilewallah,
+with rare presence of mind, had managed to keep the bullocks to their
+steady jog-trot--any increase of pace or appearance of flight would
+have provoked a spring. She, poor woman, had succeeded in hushing
+her baby, for had the child cried, nothing is surer than that the
+sound would have led to an attack. It must have been an awful four
+miles for her. It was years before she recovered from the effect."
+
+"And why did not the tiger attack them?" inquired Jones. "Does any one
+know?"
+
+"The animal was doubtless waiting to kill them till they got into the
+vicinity of water," explained Colonel Eyre. "Tigers often do that with
+cattle and other large quarry. There was water a mile or less further
+on. I had noticed it myself in passing. If I had not come upon the
+ground, another ten minutes would have sealed their fate."
+
+"So it may fairly be said that your dream was the means of saving
+their lives," observed Tom Everton, who, although the most silent, had
+not been the least attentive of the listeners.
+
+"I think we may fairly admit so much," replied Colonel Eyre. "If it
+had not been for my dream, I do not think the report of the man-eater
+would have brought me back. On the other hand, but for hearing about
+the man-eater and actually being awakened by the roar of a tiger, I am
+not sure that the dream would have had weight enough with me to induce
+me to leave a detachment on the march--a serious thing, gentlemen, as
+some of you who are soldiers know well enough."
+
+"It's a very curious circumstance, certainly," observed Sir Alan; and
+then there was a pause.
+
+"But see here, colonel," Tom broke in again, "the dream, if a warning
+at all, was a warning of danger to you, yourself, and though you
+certainly heard Mrs. Eyre's voice calling to you, yet it was urging
+you to save yourself, and not summoning you to her assistance."
+
+"That is very true, and it puzzled me at the time. But, as I argued,
+it is wonderful enough to get a warning of danger in the future at
+all; you must not expect to have it spelled out to you in large print.
+Now, as to this dream of Mrs. Everton's--it prefigures danger to you,
+as I understand?"
+
+"You must go to Mrs. Everton herself for the details. All that I
+remember is that she saw me lying drowned in the Balmaquidder, and
+read the vision as a warning that some accident would befall me if I
+joined the shooting-party to-morrow. But, by the light of your
+experience, it would seem the danger is to her, not to me."
+
+"I'm not quite so sure of that," returned the colonel, thoughtfully.
+
+"Well, I think there can be no question that your dream saved your
+wife's life," observed Jones, upon whose scepticism the colonel's
+narrative had made some impression.
+
+"No question at all," rejoined that officer, rising, "and therefore,
+young man, pay attention to dreams, whether they be your own or those
+of your better half, which should be, _a fortiori_, better and more
+reliable than your own. Good-night, gentlemen. It's past one o'clock,
+and we have an early start before us."
+
+In ten minutes more silence and darkness reigned in the smoking-room
+of Balmaquidder Lodge.
+
+Next morning the men of the party were up and stirring betimes. As I
+left my bedroom, candle in hand, I heard voices proceeding from the
+apartment occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Everton. "Ah, ha," thought I,
+"Tom's curtain lecture is not over yet." However, our friend's absence
+was forgotten in the enjoyment of a substantial Highland breakfast,
+and by the time the sun asserted his power against the mist we were
+bravely breasting a steep mountain side, spurred on by the hope of a
+good day's sport.
+
+Only one incident occurred at our start. Sir Alan was setting his face
+against a steep brae when he was stopped by the bare-legged gillie
+who acted as our guide. "Dinna gae yon gait, Sir Alan. We must win
+ower by the brig below."
+
+"Can't we get across by the stepping-stones at the ford?" inquired our
+host, impatiently. "The bridge is a mile of a round."
+
+"I dinna ken that the stanes'll be ower muckle safe, Sir Alan, forbye
+ye canna see them at a' wi' the white water swirling ower them, and
+the pool maybe ten feet deep close in under them. We mought win ower
+recht enoo, an' again we mought na--ye ken----"
+
+"Yes, I ken," interrupted Sir Alan. "We'll go round by the bridge,
+gentlemen. There's a flood in the river, it appears--a cheerful habit
+the Balmaquidder has when you least want it or expect it."
+
+By the bridge accordingly we went, and when I saw the brown water
+whirling down in swift eddies I was thankful that we had not attempted
+the stepping-stones.
+
+It was evening, and fast growing dark, when we reached the glen on our
+return, wet, tired, and hungry, but thoroughly satisfied with the
+day's result. We were stepping out briskly, for we knew we were close
+to home, when a big mountain hawk swooped right in front of us. Jones,
+who had not drawn the cartridge from his rifle, let fly on the
+instant, without remembering how small was his chance with a bullet at
+quarry on the wing. We were amusing ourselves chaffing Jones as the
+bird flew off untouched when Colonel Eyre, who was a few steps to the
+rear, pulled up short and raised his hand to signal for silence.
+
+We all heard it then--a shrill, lamentable voice ringing sharply from
+the hillside; there was no mistaking the purport of that appeal, it
+was a cry for help. But the mist was beginning to settle and the echo
+baffled us. For a moment we looked blankly at each other and around,
+not knowing whither to turn.
+
+Again the cry, "Help, help, help!" with a note of agony in it that
+stirred the blood like a trumpet. "God guide us--'tis at the foord
+above you," cried the gillie, and, tired as we were, none of us were
+far behind him when he reached the stepping-stones.
+
+They were hidden by a mass of swirling, broken water, but just below
+them lay the pool of which the guide had spoken--calm by comparison
+with the ford, but agitated nevertheless with a swift current that
+flashed between steep banks faced with granite; as ugly a place for an
+accident as might be found in the whole length of the brawling
+Balmaquidder.
+
+And an accident had happened, plainly enough. On one of the granite
+boulders knelt Mrs. Everton, leaning back with all her might against
+the drag of a plaid, one end of which she held, while the other was
+lost in the black shadows of the pool.
+
+She heard our footsteps as we ran up, but did not turn her head.
+"Help, help!" she cried again. "I can't hold on much longer, and
+he--oh----"
+
+She broke off with a sob, as strong hands relieved her of the
+extemporized life-line, and Colonel Eyre, bending forward, peered down
+into the obscurity of the pool. I was one of those who had grasped the
+shore end of the plaid, and the strain told me that whoever was below
+still maintained his grasp. "Can you hold on another moment?" asked
+the colonel; then, without waiting for a reply, "Cling close for dear
+life. Now, boys, gently does it. A steady, slow pull--no jerking;" and
+in another moment the dripping, half-senseless form of Tom Everton was
+drawn out on the bank, his drowning grip of the plaid still
+unloosened, and laid beside the fainting form of his wife.
+
+"It was this way," Tom explained some hours later, when we were all
+assembled for our usual smoking-room symposium. "I dare say I was
+pretty cross all day, thinking of the sport you fellows were having,
+and all I was missing, and towards evening my wife suggested that we
+should walk out and try to meet you. We kept along the river up to
+the stepping-stones, but the crossing there looked so bad that my wife
+would not hear of my attempting it. I did not think it so very
+dangerous, but I dare say I'd have let her have her own way----"
+
+"As you usually do," interjected Jones.
+
+"----when all of a sudden I heard a shot close by on the other side.
+Then I started over at once. I've been across the ford a dozen times,
+but before I had taken three steps I found the stream was too strong
+for me. I tried to turn back, but the current seemed to whirl me right
+off my feet; I went sliding over the slippery stones, and in two
+seconds I was soused well over my head into the pool below, and
+spinning round like a troll in a brook. I tried to grasp hold of
+something on the bank, but that was the only result"--showing his
+lacerated hands--"and I think I must have been very close to kingdom
+come, when something or another flapped in my face. I clutched it and
+hung on like grim death; it was Jenny's plaid, which she had the
+presence of mind to fling me and the pluck and strength to hold on to
+till you came to help. God bless her, I say"--Tom's voice faltered a
+little--"she's a wife to be proud of; and the next time she has a
+dream and wants me to stay at home, she shan't have to ask me twice."
+
+"Oh, by the by, the dream!" broke in Sir Alan. "Is this accident to
+Tom to be regarded as the fulfilment of his wife's dream or not?"
+
+"Mrs. Everton's dream was a warning," said the colonel. "I should say
+that, having profited by the warning----"
+
+"But stay," I argued, "did she profit by the warning? She persuaded
+her husband to stay at home. Now, if he had gone with us he would have
+crossed by the bridge and been as safe as any of us. The dream did not
+save him. On the contrary, it very nearly drowned him."
+
+"She acted for the best, and all's well that ends well," replied the
+colonel. "Look at my dream, now. If I had not gone to my wife's help
+and shot that tiger I should never have seen her again. No, no, as I
+said before, you can't expect these warnings to be printed out in big
+type. You must just take them as they come, and chance your reading
+them aright."
+
+"And come within an ace of drowning yourself, or some one else,"
+interjected Jones.
+
+"It only bears out the old saying that 'Dreams go by contraries,'" I
+remarked. "Still, these are a very remarkable pair of coincidences."
+
+"Here's my view," said Sir Alan. "Eat light suppers, go to bed
+healthily tired, and you won't dream at all; or, if you must, forget
+all about it as soon as possible. You can torture a warning out of
+almost anything, and make yourself wretched trying to find out where
+the hidden danger is, and very likely rush right into it, as Everton
+did, trying to avoid it. Half the time dreams do go by contraries, and
+it's dangerous meddling with what we don't understand."
+
+And by the time the spirit case had completed its next round, we all
+agreed with Sir Alan.
+
+
+
+
+THE TABLES TURNED.
+
+BY WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.
+
+
+  Up! up, my friend! and quit your books,
+    Or surely you'll grow double;
+  Up! up, my friend! and clear your looks;
+    Why all this toil and trouble?
+
+  The sun, above the mountain's head,
+    A freshening lustre mellow
+  Through all the long, green fields has spread,
+    His first sweet evening yellow.
+
+  Books! 'tis a dull and endless strife;
+    Come, hear the woodland linnet--
+  How sweet his music! on my life,
+    There's more of wisdom in it!
+
+  And hark! how blithe the throstle sings!
+    He, too, is no mean preacher;
+  Come forth into the light of things--
+    Let Nature be your teacher.
+
+  She has a world of ready wealth,
+    Our minds and hearts to bless;
+  Spontaneous wisdom breathed by health,
+    Truth breathed by cheerfulness.
+
+  One impulse from a vernal wood
+    May teach you more of man,
+  Of moral evil and of good,
+    Than all the sages can.
+
+  Sweet is the lore which Nature brings;
+    Our meddling intellect
+  Misshapes the beauteous forms of things--
+    We murder to dissect.
+
+  Enough of Science and of Art;
+    Close up those barren leaves;
+  Come forth, and bring with you a heart
+    That watches and receives.
+
+
+
+
+PASTEUR AT HOME.
+
+WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORK DONE AT THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE IN PARIS.
+
+BY IDA M. TARBELL.
+
+
+"Institut Pasteur." The coachman nodded. The cab door slammed. The
+vehicle rattled across the Seine, left the grand boulevards, passed
+the garden of the Luxembourg, and fell into a long, narrow street
+running off into the southwestern corner of Paris. The high, dignified
+house-fronts and the stately portals were soon passed; busy little
+shops took their place. We were in an industrial quarter whose
+commonplace was only varied here and there by a fine old _hotel_, the
+country house of some rich proprietor, probably, in the days, not so
+very long ago, when all this portion of the city was without the
+walls, and when an industrial invasion was undreamed of.
+
+The cab left the Rue Vaugirard, crossed a superb boulevard, entered
+the Rue Dutot, and stopped. Behind a long, high, black _grille_, and
+separated from it by a hedge of shrubbery, a grass plot, and a broad
+gravelled drive-way, rose a red-brick, stone-trimmed facade. Across
+the front, above the handsome doorway, one read _Institut Pasteur_;
+and, still higher, _Subscription Publique, MDCCCLXXXVIII_.
+
+On the grass plot in front of the stately marble steps stood a small
+bronze statue mounted on a high granite pedestal. It represented a boy
+of twelve or fourteen years in a life-and-death struggle with a mad
+dog. He has succeeded in fastening about the neck of the furious
+animal the thong of a long whip. He is strangling him. Beside the boy,
+or the ground, is a wooden shoe. With it he will beat the beast to
+death. The statue tells the story of one of the earliest subjects
+treated by M. Pasteur for hydrophobia, Jean-Baptiste Jupille, a
+shepherd lad, who, seeing a group of children attacked by a mad dog,
+throttled the animal and beat it dead with his _sabot_. He carried
+away a dozen or more bites from the conflict, was sent to Paris,
+inoculated, and cured. A fitting subject to place before the doorway
+of the Pasteur Institute!
+
+[Illustration: THE STATUE OF JUPILLE.]
+
+Statue, facade and lawn are new. The bricks have not yet lost their
+glare. One can almost see the dust still on the stone. The bronze has
+not lost its fresh lustre. Even the lawn has the unevenness of new
+sod, the horse-chestnut trees are small, the ivy has not had time to
+climb far up the walls.
+
+Everything is still and sealed in front, but to the right, from the
+_concierge's_ lodge back to a solid, practical, dark stone building
+in the rear of the main hall, is a throng of idle people, chatting in
+clusters, sunning themselves on the benches, walking up and down. It
+is a strikingly cosmopolitan company. There are Arabs in red, brown,
+blue, or white; Italian women in aprons and lace head-dresses; Spanish
+peasants in dark cloaks and broad-brimmed hats; Yankees, Zouaves,
+Russians. The low babel of a multitude of tongues fills the air.
+
+One only brushes the edge of this crowd as he makes his way to the
+doorway in the end of the main building, the entrance to the private
+apartment of M. Pasteur.
+
+Narrow winding stairs lead up to a suite of lofty rooms, furnished
+with solid, dignified woods, carpeted with soft, dark rugs, windows
+and doors hung with heavy stuffs. The immediate impression is one of
+comfort, warmth and quiet. The impression deepens as one enters the
+library, where, before a desk, sits the great French savant, Madame
+Pasteur near by. There is something home-like here. This might be the
+sitting-room of some well-to-do New England squire or judge.
+Involuntarily one searches in the face of the eminent savant, eying
+him so keenly and so kindly, for traces of relationship with the
+Puritan type. There is the same square determination, the same
+obstinacy of purpose, the same direct sincerity; but it is mellowed by
+Latin tenderness, kindled by French brilliancy.
+
+This is a great man, one feels instinctively--a man so great that he
+despises notoriety--and a journalist. It is reassuring.
+
+[Illustration: THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE.]
+
+The great master does not look to be seventy years of age as he sits
+behind his desk, his elbow on the table, his hand supporting his head.
+His hair and beard are still iron-gray; the hair is concealed largely
+by the silk skullcap he always wears, but the beard is abundant. The
+eyes are as penetrating, as full of ardor, as ever. It is only when he
+speaks or moves that one sees the ravages of the paralysis which
+overtook him twenty-five years ago, after his terrible three years of
+labor in the little house at Alais, investigating the disease of the
+silk-worm. The whole left side has been since then nearly useless. His
+speech is hesitating, his motion difficult, but in spite of his
+feebleness he spares no pains to interest his guest. One talks with M.
+Pasteur with the ease and naturalness of the fireside.
+
+"Look at my birthplace," he says, rising, and taking from the mantel
+a photograph of the humble home at Dole, Jura, where he was born. "My
+village gave it to me at my _fete_."
+
+I happen to know the story of the picture, and examine it with
+pleasure. There was, indeed, no more touching feature in the great
+Pasteur jubilee of last December than the presentation of this
+photograph by the Mayor of Dole.
+
+The little village has always had a loyal pride in the fact that M.
+Pasteur was born there. Ten years ago it celebrated the French Fourth
+of July (July 14) by placing a plaque on the facade of the house,
+bearing the inscription:
+
+                       ICI EST NE LOUIS PASTEUR,
+                           LE 22 DEC., 1822.
+
+M. Pasteur was present and made a speech. In the course of it he
+referred to his parents, their ambition for him, their self-sacrifice,
+their faith in him. He recalled his father's words: "Louis, if I see
+you one day a professor in the college of Arbois I shall be the
+happiest man on earth." Overpowered by his recollections, he broke
+down, sobbing.
+
+The villagers of Dole have never forgotten the scene. When the great
+Pasteur jubilee was celebrated they sent up their mayor, commissioned
+to present the picture of the early home, together with a facsimile of
+the register of M. Pasteur's birth. That they were not mistaken in
+thinking that he would be pleased, it is easy to see as he stands
+before me, eying the humble house with tender pride.
+
+[Illustration: THE LODGE.]
+
+"Have you no picture of yourself taken in your boyhood at Dole?"
+
+"No," he answered. "The earliest picture I have is much later. Let me
+see, I must have been decorated then. Where is the old album?"
+
+The album is brought, a small square book, looking as if it had just
+come off the table in the best room of a New England farm-house. There
+is the same high-relief decoration, the same gilt lines edging the
+photograph apertures. And these people? Verily, they might have lived
+in New England forty years ago!
+
+M. Pasteur turns the leaves. Madame Pasteur leans over his shoulder.
+They stop now and then and exchange a smile as they come upon an old
+friend. At last the sought-for photograph is found. M. Pasteur at
+thirty--a great man already, for already he has made discoveries in
+crystallography which have won him a name among scientists.
+
+The plans for investigation which filled the head of the young man who
+sits up so straight in the old photograph were never completed. The
+enthusiastic student of crystallography was forced to change the
+subject of his studies. Even now the great savant laments the change.
+
+"If I have a regret," he says, "it is that I did not follow that
+route, less rude, it seems to me, and which would have led, I am
+convinced, to wonderful discoveries. A sudden turn threw me into the
+study of fermentations, fermentations set me at diseases, but I am
+still inconsolable to think that I have never had time to go back to
+my old subject."
+
+Beside the hero of the studies in crystallography M. Pasteur places
+his latest picture. It lacks in youthfulness, but it has gained in
+ripeness. This photograph has much of the vigor and the alertness one
+sees in the splendid bust by Paul Dubois displayed in the Salon of
+1880, and now in a gallery at Copenhagen. This bust is the most
+satisfactory portrait of M. Pasteur ever made, unless it be the
+painting by Edelfelt displayed in the Salon of 1886. In the same Salon
+appeared Bonnat's portrait of M. Pasteur and his granddaughter.
+
+[Illustration: M. PASTEUR IN HIS SALON.]
+
+As I look at M. Pasteur in his library, however, I see only the
+old model of Bonnat. I have difficulty in believing, indeed, as I
+watch him bending smilingly over the old album, now and then
+laughing aloud at the discovery of some forgotten picture, that
+this man, over fifty years ago, for the sake of an education, made
+himself a jack-of-all-trades in the college of Besancon, and was
+aroused every morning at four o'clock with the night-watchman's cry:
+"_Come, Pasteur, chase the demon of laziness._" It is difficult to
+picture him in the intoxication of scientific enthusiasm and
+discovery, sacrificing health, leisure, pleasure, to the passion of
+learning which had taken possession of him.
+
+He is so gentle, it seems incredible that he has had to meet coldness,
+contempt, opposition of every species, in his life; that, when he
+asked the most modest of appropriations from the government, he met
+the contemptuous reply that "there was no rubric in the budget for
+allowing three hundred dollars a year for experiments;" that for every
+step in his discoveries he has had literally to fight, contending with
+Pouchet and Joly on the subject of spontaneous generation, with Liebig
+on fermentations, with the Germans and Italians on the attenuation of
+virus, with the popular opinion of his own compatriots when he dared
+vaccinate for hydrophobia, and when his supporters dared erect the
+present Institute to facilitate his work.
+
+One cannot picture him _tete-a-tete_ with mad dogs. It is hard to
+believe him capable of that astonishing self-mastery which made him
+withhold for months, and sometimes even years, the results of
+incomplete investigations, and of the equal hardihood which, when he
+was convinced of a truth, led him to accept the most severe and most
+public tests of its exactness.
+
+I make an attempt to find the scientist and venture a question.
+
+"Oh," says M. Pasteur, "if you want to know that, you must go and see
+M. Roux. You will find him in the laboratory."
+
+We rise and go into the long hall. At the opposite end from the
+library two large doors open into the spacious vestibule which
+occupies the centre of the main building.
+
+"You can go out by the main hall and directly into the laboratory, or
+down the private stairs." I hesitated. No, I would not spoil my
+impression of M. Pasteur at home. I would keep laboratory and home
+separate. I descended to the private entrance, and, as I went down,
+two kindly faces looked over at me, and the gentle, hesitating voice
+of the great savant said:
+
+"Take care, it is dark. Don't slip. Take care." On the last step I
+stopped and looked up. The two friendly faces were still looking
+down.
+
+[Illustration: THE HOUSE AT DOLE, WHERE M. PASTEUR WAS BORN.]
+
+I had come to see the destroyer of the theory of spontaneous
+generation, the demonstrator of the microbe origin of disease, the
+conqueror of hydrophobia. I had found something greater, perhaps, than
+them all--a perfectly gentle soul.
+
+
+IN M. PASTEUR'S WORKSHOP.
+
+I crossed the lawn and entered a large waiting-room occupying the
+middle of the building devoted to laboratory work. The room is flooded
+with light, seated with benches, and decorated with no other ornaments
+than a series of photographs of the Pasteur Institute at Rio
+Janeiro, two great maps on which are marked the cities where
+institutions similar to this at Paris are to be found, and cards
+containing certain rules applicable to patients coming for treatment
+against hydrophobia. Among these latter the important ones are that
+the treatment is gratuitous, that each patient must bathe before
+coming for inoculation, that board and lodging are not furnished, and
+that the grateful may, if they wish, leave a gift at the end of
+their term of treatment.
+
+There were sixty or seventy persons in the room. They had come to be
+vaccinated against hydrophobia. They were of the greatest contrast in
+age, in condition, in culture. Beside a shrivelled, leather-brown Arab
+woman from the desert was a pink and white little miss from London. A
+young man with the refined face, correct dress and distinguished
+manners of a gentleman sat beside a huge and none-too-clean German
+laborer. As a rule, it was a friendly, cheerful company. It was only
+here and there that one saw a person who seemed conscious that in his
+veins a hideous poison was at work. Most of them took it for granted
+that their cure was certain. Some of them scoffed at the nonsense of
+going to the trouble of being vaccinated.
+
+A dignified liveried servant entered, calling "Attention." The company
+bestirred itself and disappeared. I made my way to the inoculating
+room.
+
+The operation of inoculating for hydrophobia is founded on the theory
+that if an "attenuated" microbe, that is a microbe so treated that its
+power of doing harm has been reduced to a low degree, is introduced
+into a body, it will produce an indisposition which is not itself
+serious, but which is sufficient to render the body proof against
+attacks of the original microbe.
+
+Now M. Pasteur has discovered that it is possible to so treat a
+microbe that its power of evil is of any degree; that is, to "exalt"
+as well as to "attenuate" it. Having these microbes of varying
+strengths he invented a method of graduated vaccination; that is, by
+beginning with a virus of low degree, and increasing each day the
+strength of the virus, an operator arrives at a point where he can
+vaccinate a body with a virus stronger than there is any danger of its
+ever being exposed to in nature. He thus secures lasting immunity.
+
+Thus, in vaccinating against rabies, the patient is treated first with
+a weak virus; this is followed by one more powerful, and so on, until
+at the end a highly "exalted" one is injected safely.
+
+[Illustration: M. PASTEUR AT THIRTY.]
+
+It is this treatment which is practised daily at the Pasteur
+Institute, in the inoculation room where I found myself.
+
+Gathered in a kind of pen formed by a little fence were three members
+of the institution: a secretary, whose business it is to keep track of
+the number of persons to be treated with each particular virus; an
+assistant, who has prepared the virus for the day's use; twelve small
+wine glasses of cloudy liquid protected by small paper funnels; and,
+by a table, the inoculator. The roll was called and a half dozen men
+entered the room. They were to be inoculated with a virus of the
+lowest strength, most of them for the first time. They showed a
+bewildered and comic embarrassment as the attendant directed them to
+bare the hypogastrium. The embarrassment changed to a momentary look
+of distress as they felt their arms pinned behind their backs, and the
+sharp needle injected a syringeful of virus into the delicate flesh.
+The first class of men and boys passed out, and the women and little
+children entered. They were succeeded by a second class, and so on
+until all had been treated.
+
+The simplicity of the operation seemed out of proportion to the horror
+of the disease. I remembered the shrugs I had seen and the doubts I
+had heard expressed over the treatment. "It is not sure yet." "It does
+not always work; such-a-one died, you know." "They have not found the
+microbe either." My faith was shaking. Evidently I must see Doctor
+Roux.
+
+On the second floor of the building I found the office and private
+laboratory of the under-director of the Pasteur Institute, a man
+whose researches in connection with Pasteur, whose devotion in the
+cholera mission in Egypt in 1883, and whose independent investigations
+on diphtheria, have made him famous in the medical world. The office
+was small, and it had something of the attraction of a curio shop.
+There was none of the precision of the man of small affairs here. It
+was the confusion of the man of big affairs, who cannot endure to have
+his things meddled with. Over a table where culture tubes, blow-pipes,
+virus glasses and bottles filled with suspicious-looking fluids were
+scattered promiscuously around a valuable microscope, hung a gem of a
+painting--a dashing charge of cavalry. Beside a case of books, and
+partly concealing a fine portrait of Pasteur, hung the gray-white
+laboratory blouses of M. Roux. Under an exquisite etching askew in a
+corner stood a cage of brown-and-white guinea-pigs, martyrs to
+science, probably.
+
+[Illustration: AT THE JUBILEE OF M. PASTEUR. THE PRESIDENT OF THE
+REPUBLIC WELCOMING M. PASTEUR IN THE AMPHITHEATRE OF THE OLD SORBONNE.]
+
+Curiosity was cut short, for a quick step was heard in the outer room,
+and Doctor Roux entered. A slight figure, bent a little from a life
+spent over books, tubes and microscopes, but tingling to the
+finger-tips with nervous energy; a face a little pale, but fresh in
+color; brown hair and beard, glowing brown eyes, perhaps forty
+years--such is this eminent associate of Pasteur. As he runs over the
+pile of letters cut and awaiting him, he talks.
+
+"So you have just seen the inoculation? Do I believe it a sure cure?"
+The doctor lays down his letters as he repeats the latter question in
+an astonished tone. "Of course I do. There is nothing surer in medical
+science. Look at these figures." He rises and draws out from the midst
+of a pile of papers a big black _serviette_, fumbles for a moment
+among the documents it contains, and pulls out the latest report made
+by the Institute on the results of vaccination for hydrophobia, that
+for 1891.
+
+"Now listen to these figures. In 1886 the Pasteur made its first
+report: 2,671 persons were vaccinated that year against hydrophobia;
+25 of them died--.94 of one per cent. In 1887, 1,770 persons were
+treated; 13 died--.73 of one per cent. In 1888, 1,622 were treated; 9
+died--.55 of one per cent. In 1889, 1,830 were treated; 7 died--.38 of
+one per cent. In 1890, 1,540 were treated; 5 died--.32 of one per
+cent. In 1891, 1,559 were treated; 3 died--.19 of one per cent. You
+notice each year the per cent. of deaths has been lower. In the six
+years the treatment has been reported, we average just about one-half
+of one per cent of loss. Tell me where you find a treatment surer?"
+
+"But you have not found the microbe?"
+
+"Humph! that does not prevent the method working. It is aggravating
+not to have found him. It prevents, possibly, the simplification of
+the inoculation process. Nevertheless it works. So does vaccination
+for small-pox. We do not know the microbe of small-pox. There is much
+we do not know yet. Remember, too, that it was only in 1880 that M.
+Pasteur made up his mind to begin an exhaustive study of hydrophobia,
+and that all he foresaw at first was the possibility of vaccinating
+dogs against rabies, and that it was only in 1885 that the first
+person, little Joseph Meister, was inoculated, after a council of
+physicians had decided that his death was certain, and that his life
+was saved."
+
+
+PORTRAITS OF M. PASTEUR.
+
+[Illustration: BY LAFON.]
+
+[Illustration: BUST BY P. DUBOIS.]
+
+[Illustration: BY BONNAT.]
+
+[Illustration: BY A. EDELFALT.]
+
+The newness of the Pasteur doctrines and treatment is, indeed, one of
+the most striking things about the Institute. One rubs his eyes to
+remember that, thirteen years ago, very few people admitted the _role_
+of bacteria in the world, and that those who did admit their existence
+were very much at sea about what to do with them.
+
+The doctrine of microbe, the theory that ferments and virus are living
+beings, that a vaccine is an attenuated virus, that medicine is based
+on the artificial attenuation of virus--all this is now so widely
+received, is so thoroughly a part of popular belief, that one is
+bewildered in remembering that twelve years ago the general theory of
+disease was that it is "in us, from us, by us." Especially is all this
+astonishing, standing in the Pasteur Institute, the crystallization of
+the microbe doctrine.
+
+"Yes," continued Doctor Roux, "we have conquered hydrophobia; nothing
+is more certain."
+
+"And you hope to conquer other diseases in the same way?"
+
+The doctor made a fine nervous gesture. "In science one does not hope;
+one proves. In every thirty thousand experiments one succeeds. We
+study diseases here. Each physician has his special line of
+investigation. We hope for nothing. We simply report what we find."
+
+"But you yourself, Doctor Roux, have certainly hopes that diphtheria
+is almost conquered?"
+
+The doctor pursed up his mouth.
+
+"The investigations in diphtheria are in just this condition. We have
+proved at the Pasteur Institute" (Doctor Roux is modest and says 'we,'
+which means himself and his assistant, M. Versin) "that diphtheria is
+a toxic disease; that is, that it results from a poison. The microbe
+of diphtheria does not penetrate throughout the system as in the case
+of most other microbic diseases. It exists only in the mucus found on
+the pharynx. This microbe does not cause death, but it secretes a
+poison which penetrates throughout the body and kills. This being
+proved, of course the next step is to find what will destroy the
+poison.
+
+"Doctor Behring, working at Berlin, has found that the blood of
+animals vaccinated for diphtheria gives a therapeutic serum which
+destroys the diphtheric poison. We are now testing the practical value
+of the serum at the Institute. This is absolutely our 'last word' on
+diphtheria."
+
+"And as for cholera! What is the last word?"
+
+"The _bacillus virgula_ of Doctor Koch is believed, by the great
+majority of savants, to be the true cholera germ. We are trying
+here, as experimenters are trying elsewhere, to give immunity to
+animals against the microbe. It is absolutely all that one can say
+authoritatively on the cholera."
+
+"And the method of vaccination which Doctor Haffkine believes he has
+discovered?"
+
+"It has not been proved yet that it will give immunity. Until we have
+that proof we neither hope nor fear. We simply work and wait. Doctor
+Haffkine has, you know, severed his connection with the Pasteur
+Institute and gone to India to continue his researches."
+
+"But he has had faith enough in his method to try its effects on
+himself, has he not?"
+
+"Very true, and so have perhaps a hundred others tried its effects.
+But that proves nothing."
+
+There is a self-repression about these severe statements which has
+something of the heroic in it. Who would be so glad to announce
+absolute safeguards against diphtheria and cholera as this man who has
+risked his life to find them? Yet, until he is sure, he will not even
+say "hope."
+
+I remember the words of Pasteur himself: "To believe that one has
+found an important scientific fact, to be in a fever to announce it,
+to compel one's self for days, weeks, sometimes years, to be silent,
+to force one's self to destroy his own experiments and to announce
+nothing until he has exhausted all contrary hypotheses--that is
+hard."
+
+It is hard, but it is one of the strongest elements in the Pasteur
+spirit of scientific research. Evidently Doctor Roux has learned to
+practise it vigorously.
+
+"In the same way that we are investigating diphtheria and cholera,"
+continues the doctor, "we are studying other diseases. But one cannot
+get a fair idea of what the Pasteur Institute does by any other means
+than looking at its organizations. There is a great deal done here
+besides original investigation. In the first place, we are an
+absolutely independent and free institution. The money was given by
+popular subscription and without conditions.
+
+"The entire lower floor is devoted to practical work. There are
+performed the inoculations for hydrophobia on an average of some
+seventy a day. The practical department is not, however, confined to
+the treatment of hydrophobia. There are prepared the vaccines for all
+those diseases of animals which M. Pasteur has proved can be cured by
+inoculation, such as chicken cholera, splenic fever, and _rouget_ of
+swine.
+
+[Illustration: A GROUP OF PATIENTS.]
+
+"Quantities of virus are sold constantly to farmers for vaccinating
+their stock. It is these sales which help support the institution. It
+is an example of science living by science.
+
+"Here on this floor we do our instructing. In the lecture hall across
+the way M. Ducloux gives his lessons on microbic chemistry, studies
+the process of fermentation, microbic poisons, all phases, in short,
+of biological chemistry.
+
+"My work is lectures on, and experiments illustrating, the technique
+of the microbic method. Those who follow the courses are divided into
+two classes, students who simply follow the courses and repeat the
+experiments in the general laboratory, and the savants who conduct
+original researches here. The latter are furnished each with a private
+laboratory in the third story. Here for a merely nominal rent they can
+have the exclusive use of a laboratory furnished with all necessary
+apparatus, and can pursue whatever class of investigation pleases
+them."
+
+"And you have many students?"
+
+"We have always fifteen or twenty, and from all parts of the world.
+Look at my roll."
+
+The doctor rose and drew out from the mass of pamphlets and papers on
+his table a big roll-book.
+
+"I have the names of those who have taken my lectures. Here is an
+Egyptian, many Russians, a Turk, numbers from South America, from
+Canada, from the East, from everywhere. Let us look for your
+compatriots."
+
+Doctor Roux ran his finger down the pages. "Here is one, Doctor
+Orchinard of New Orleans. Here another, Doctor Tabadie of New York;
+and then there is Kenyoun of the United States Marine Service. But
+there have been more students in the institution from South America
+than from North.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBRARY.]
+
+"The department of original work is in the third story, and is under
+Doctor Metchnikoff, who is, you know, a Russian who has established
+himself here in order to devote himself to scientific investigation.
+Doctor Metchnikoff is aided by his wife, who acts as _preparateur_.
+She is an assistant of great skill and delicacy. He receives no salary
+for his labor. There are, in fact, three of the leading members of our
+faculty who receive no salary--M. Pasteur himself, M. Ducloux, and M.
+Metchnikoff. They have resigned the award they deserve because of our
+insufficient income."
+
+"But the common opinion is that you are rich here."
+
+"I know, but it is a mistake. The Pasteur Institute is very poorly
+endowed. Its yearly income is only about twenty-four thousand dollars.
+This revenue comes from three sources: the small appropriations made
+by the government, the income from the remnant of the private
+subscription with which it was built, and the product of the sales of
+vaccine. The fact that we can partly support ourselves," added the
+doctor, laughingly, "is the best proof one can have of the
+practicability of bacteriology.
+
+"The most surprising feature about it is, that in the case of almost
+every institution copied after us, and there are some eighteen or
+twenty of them in various parts of the world, the income is much
+larger than ours. At Berlin and St. Petersburg the incomes are four or
+five times as large as ours, and, excepting Berlin, we are the only
+Pasteur Institute doing practical work. It is the old story," said the
+doctor resignedly, "one sows and another reaps."
+
+[Illustration: M. ROUX.]
+
+There is certainly injustice and short-sightedness in such a state of
+things. The investigations of Pasteur have taken too heavy a bundle
+from the load of horrors which humanity carries, to be allowed to be
+limited for lack of money:
+
+Immunity from infectious diseases, and nothing else is the logical
+outcome of the Pasteur doctrines, means too much to make economy on
+the part of purse-holders excusable, when it is a question of funds
+for the investigations. When men like Doctor Roux and his associates,
+men trained in the severe Pasteur spirit and passionate for truth, are
+ready to sacrifice their lives to this work, overcoming the earth's
+plagues, money is the last thing they should be wanting. Especially is
+this true now, when the work on two of the most terrible scourges of
+humanity--diphtheria and cholera--stands at critical stages.
+
+There is something harshly ironical, too, in the idea that the
+institution of Louis Pasteur, whose discoveries have, declares
+Professor Huxley, made good the war indemnity of five thousand million
+francs paid by France to Germany, should be crippled for funds.
+
+The doctor's confidences were cut short by an imperative summons from
+without. I rose to go.
+
+"Take a stroll through the building," advised he as he said good-by. I
+followed his advice.
+
+[Illustration: DOSING THE VIRUS.]
+
+From the library one naturally passes to the laboratories. They open
+from the long halls in numbers. One wonders how so much room can be
+utilized, but none seems to be going to waste. In each some step of
+the microbic process is going on. Here is a doctor inoculating a
+rabbit with the poison of a mad dog sent to the Institute only the day
+before. The little animal lies on the table insensible, chloroformed,
+while with the sharp-toothed little trephine the operator makes a tiny
+hole in its skull, lays bare the brain, and inserts the virus. By the
+time the aperture is closed Brer Rabbit is sitting up, looking about,
+none the worse for his experience, save a bald spot on his forehead,
+a tiny tin tag covered with hieroglyphics hanging from his ear. Two
+minutes later he was nibbling a carrot; fifteen days later he died
+"mad as a March hare."
+
+It is not only rabbits which undergo this operation. Guinea-pigs,
+chickens, mice and rats are used in quantities. In the laboratory of
+autopsy there are to be seen aquariums filled with the dainty axolotl
+of Mexico, glasses of odd fish, even cages of birds.
+
+In another room an experimenter is dissecting a rabbit which has died
+of rabies, and from whose spinal cord he expects to get material for
+vaccinal virus.
+
+[Illustration: DR. METCHNIKOFF IN HIS LABORATORY.]
+
+In a small dark room, whose temperature is never allowed to vary,
+which is never swept nor dusted for fear of arousing tranquil
+microbes, and whose door is never opened except when absolutely
+necessary, are arranged rows of drying bottles, in which hang bits of
+the marrow. These bottles are marked with the degree of violence of
+the rabies from which the animal died, and with the date when the
+marrow was put up to dry.
+
+Here, attendants are preparing the veal broth and the gelatines in
+which the infected marrows will be cultivated.
+
+[Illustration: FILLING THE SYRINGES.]
+
+Thus as one goes from room to room he can follow the whole method of
+successive cultures, that method which is "the key-stone of the arch,
+and without which there could be no vigorous demonstration of the
+Pasteur method."
+
+On every hand one sees the interesting "ways of doing things" which
+characterize the Institute. Here, the cleaning of jars, syringes and
+tubes is going on; not a simple washing and drying. In the Pasteur
+household articles are sterilized as well as cleaned--that is, burned
+in the flames of a spirit lamp, or in an oven. There, a man is blowing
+bulbs, droll balloon pipettes, all the multitude of glass contrivances
+the laboratories demand. Here, under a microscope, an investigator has
+the diphtheria pest, an inoffensive speck; there, another has in his
+field a whole colony of lively little straight and bent sticks; it is
+a company of Doctor Koch's cholera microbes.
+
+Wherever one goes in the building there is a busy intentness, an
+absorption, an absolute blindness to everything but the work in hand,
+be it the contents of a culture tube, or the film on a microscope
+slide. One can easily believe of these workers the story told of M.
+Pasteur himself, that he had to be hunted up on his wedding morning
+and pulled away from his microscope, in order to be got into his
+dress-coat and gloves in time for the ceremony.
+
+Evidently, too, they have not forgotten the words their master spoke
+on the day of the inauguration of the Institute:
+
+"All the enthusiasm you have had since the beginning, my dear
+co-laborers, I beg of you to keep; but give it, as an inseparable
+companion, a severe control. Announce nothing that you cannot prove in
+a simple, decisive fashion.
+
+"Cultivate the critical spirit. Left to itself it neither awakens
+ideas nor stimulates to great deeds, but without it all is lost."
+
+As one goes from room to room, and talks with one and another of the
+busy, courteous savants, he realizes finally that it is here that
+Pasteur the scientist is to be found. The labors that made the great
+savant famous are all summed up here. Here his methods are at work,
+here is his spirit alive in the men who have best comprehended him,
+and whom he has been able most deeply to inspire. It is a great thing
+to achieve. It is a greater thing to inspire others to achieve. Louis
+Pasteur has done both.
+
+[Illustration: THE RABBITS' QUARTERS.]
+
+
+
+
+STRANGER THAN FICTION.
+
+HUGH BRONTE'S COURTSHIP. THE ELOPEMENT OF HUGH BRONTE AND ALICE MCCLORY.
+
+Unpublished Chapters from "The Brontes in Ireland."
+
+BY DOCTOR WILLIAM WRIGHT.
+
+  NOTE.--"The Brontes in Ireland" will be issued in book form by D.
+  Appleton & Co., after the serial publication is concluded in
+  MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE.
+
+
+I. LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT.
+
+The visit to McClory's in County Down was another momentous step in
+the life of Hugh Bronte. He had shaken off the nightmare of cruel
+slavery. His work, mostly in the open air, suited him. He was well
+paid, had good food and clothing, and in two years the starved and
+ragged boy had become a large, handsome, well-dressed man. Like most
+handsome people, Hugh knew that he was handsome, and the resources of
+Dundalk were taxed in those days to the utmost to set off to
+perfection his manly and stately figure.
+
+On Christmas Eve Hugh Bronte drove up furiously in a Newry gig to the
+house of McClory in Ballynaskeagh. He was a somewhat vain man, and
+fond of admiration, and, no doubt, as he approached McClory's thatched
+cottage, with his pockets full of money, and with the self-confidence
+which prosperity breeds, he meant to flutter the house with his
+greatness.
+
+But a surprise was in store for him. The cottage door was opened, in
+response to his somewhat boisterous knock, by a young woman of
+dazzling beauty. Hugh Bronte, previous to his flight, had seen few
+women except his Aunt Mary, and in the days of his freedom he had
+become acquainted only with lodging-house keepers and County Louth
+women who carried their fowl and eggs to Dundalk fairs and markets. He
+had scarcely ever seen a comely girl, and never in his life any one
+who had any attractions for him.
+
+The simply dressed, artless girl who opened the door was probably the
+prettiest girl in County Down at the time. The rector of Magherally,
+who married her, pronounced her the most beautiful woman he had ever
+seen. Her hair, which hung in a profusion of ringlets round her
+shoulders, was luminous gold. Her forehead was Parian marble. Her
+evenly set teeth were lustrous pearls, and the roses of health glowed
+on her cheeks. She had the long brown eyelashes that in Ireland so
+often accompany golden hair, and her deep brown eyes had the violet
+tint and melting expression which, in a diluted form, descended to her
+granddaughters, and made the plain and irregular faces of the Bronte
+girls really attractive. The eyes also contained the lambent fire that
+Mrs. Gaskell noticed in Charlotte's eyes, ready to flash indignation
+and scorn. She had a tall and stately figure, with head well poised
+above a graceful neck and well-formed bust; but she did not
+communicate these graces of form to her granddaughters. There are
+people still living who remember the stately old woman, "Alys Bronte,"
+as she was called by her neighbors in her old age.
+
+Hugh Bronte was completely unmanned by the radiant beauty of the
+simple country girl who stood before him. He stood awkwardly staring
+at her with his mouth open, working with his hat, and trying in vain
+to say something. At last he stammered out a question about Mr.
+McClory, and the girl, who was Alice McClory, told him that her
+brother would soon be home, and invited him into the house.
+
+He entered, blushing and feeling uncomfortable, but the unaffected
+simplicity of Alice McClory's manner soon put him at his ease, and
+before the brother Patrick, known afterwards as "Red Paddy," had
+returned home, he was madly and hopelessly in love with his sister.
+
+Like his son, the Reverend Patrick Bronte, in England, and like the
+Irish curate who proposed marriage to Charlotte on the strength of one
+night's acquaintance, Hugh, dazzled by beauty and blinded by love,
+declared his passion before he had discovered any signs of mutual
+liking, or had any evidence that his advances would be agreeable.
+
+Alice, in simple, but cold and business-like manner, told him that she
+did not yet know him; but that as he was a Protestant, and she a
+Catholic, there was an insuperable bar between them.
+
+Hugh urged that he himself had no religion, never having darkened a
+church door, and that he was quite willing to be anything she wished
+him to be.
+
+Alice met his earnest pleadings with playful sallies which
+disconcerted him, and little by little she led him to the story of his
+life, episodes of which she had heard from her brother. Pity melts the
+heart to love, and Alice was moved greatly by Hugh's simple
+narrative.
+
+
+II. PURE LOVE AND PARTY STRIFE.
+
+The Christmas holidays passed pleasantly under the hospitable roof of
+the McClory family. The chief amusement of the neighborhood was
+drinking in the shebeen, or local public house, but Hugh declined to
+accompany Paddy to the shebeen, preferring solitude with his sister.
+
+Before the holidays had come to a close, Hugh and Alice had become
+engaged, but the course of true love in their case was destined to the
+proverbial fate. All Miss McClory's friends were scandalized at the
+thought of her consenting to marry a Protestant.
+
+Religion, among Catholics and Orangemen, in those days, consisted
+largely of party hatred. He was a good Protestant who, sober as well
+as drunk, cursed the Pope, and on the 12th of July wore orange colors,
+and played with fife and drum a tune known as "The Battle of the
+Boyne." And he was a good Catholic who, in whatever condition, used
+equally emphatic language regarding King William. No more genuine
+expression of religious feeling was looked for on either side.
+
+There is a story told in the McClory district which illustrates the
+current religious sentiment. Two brother Orangemen, good men after
+their lights, had long been fast friends. They seldom missed an
+opportunity, in the presence of Catholics, of consigning the Pope to
+an uncomfortable place, to which he himself has been wont to consign
+heretics.
+
+It happened that one of the two Orangemen fell sick, and when he was
+at the point of death his friend became greatly concerned about his
+spiritual state, and visited him. He found him in an unconscious
+condition, and sinking fast; and putting his lips close to the ear of
+his sick friend, he asked him to give him a sign that he felt
+spiritually happy. The dying man, with a last supreme effort, raised
+his voice above a whisper, and in the venerable and well-known formula
+cursed the Pope. His friend was comforted, believing that all was
+well.
+
+Whether this gruesome story be true or not, it goes to illustrate the
+fact that blasphemous bigotry had largely usurped the place of
+religion. But bitter party feeling did not end with mere words. Bloody
+battles between Orangemen and Catholics were periodically fought on
+the 12th of July, the anniversary of the battle of the Boyne, and on
+the 17th of March, Saint Patrick's day. Within six miles of McClory's
+house more than a dozen pitched battles were fought, sometimes with
+scythes tied on poles, and sometimes with firearms. One of these
+murderous onsets, known as the battle of Ballynafern, took place
+within sight of McClory's house.
+
+At Dolly's Brae a battle was fought in 1849, in presence of a large
+body of troops, who remained neutral spectators of the conflict till
+the Catholics fled, and then joined with the victors in firing on the
+flying foe.
+
+The scenes of these struggles, such as Tillyorier, Katesbridge,
+Hilltown, The Diamond, etc., are classic spots now. Each has had its
+poet, and ballads are sung to celebrate the prowess of the victors,
+who were uniformly the Orangemen, inasmuch as they used firearms,
+while the Catholics generally fought with pikes and scythes.
+
+Hugh Bronte had not yet discovered the deep and wide gulf that yawned
+between Protestants and Catholics, and so he made light of the
+religious objections of which he had heard so much from Alice. But the
+Catholic friends of Miss McClory, who had heard the Pope cursed by
+Protestant lips almost every day of their lives, could not stand by
+and see a Catholic lamb removed into the Protestant shambles. They
+came to look on Bronte as a Protestant emissary, more influenced by a
+fiendish desire to plunder the Catholic fold than by love for their
+beautiful relative.
+
+Hugh Bronte, in his eager simplicity, wanted to supersede all
+opposition by getting married immediately, but so great a commotion
+ensued that he had to return to the kilns at Mount Pleasant, leaving
+his matrimonial prospects in a very unsatisfactory condition.
+
+Troops of relatives invaded the McClory house daily, and ardent
+Catholics tried in vain to argue down Alice McClory's newly kindled
+love. All the Roman Catholic neighbors joined in giving copious
+advice, and little was talked of in fairs and markets, and at chapel,
+but the proposed marriage of Alice McClory with an unknown Protestant
+heretic.
+
+The priest, also, as family friend, was drawn into the matter. In
+those days Irish priests were educated in France or Italy, and were
+generally men of culture and refinement. Their horizon had been
+widened. They had come in contact with the language, literature, and
+social habits of other peoples, and they had become courteous men of
+the world. They had to some extent got out of touch with the fierce
+fanaticism of party strife.
+
+The priest called on Miss McClory. Everybody knew that he had, and
+awaited the result; but Alice's beauty and simplicity and tears made
+such an impression on the kind-hearted old priest that his chivalrous
+instinct was aroused, and he was almost won to the lady's side. The
+centre of the agitation then shifted from McClory's cottage to the
+priest's manse, and so hot was the anger of the infuriated Catholics
+that the good-natured priest promised, sorely against his will, that
+he would not consent to marry the pair.
+
+Hugh Bronte was nominally a Protestant, but he had not been in a
+church of any kind from the time he was five years of age. He had
+received no religious instruction. He could not read the Bible for
+himself, and no one had ever read it to him, and he was as innocent of
+any religious bias or bigotry as a savage in Central Africa. Suddenly
+he found himself the central figure in a fierce religious drama.
+
+At first he was greatly amused, and laughed at the very suggestion of
+his religion being considered a stumbling-block. From the time he left
+his father's house he had seldom heard the divine name except in some
+form of malediction, and religion had brought no consolation to his
+hard life. He had never presumed to think that he had any relationship
+to the church, its priests were so gorgeous, and its people so
+well-to-do. Gallagher had made him familiar with the dread powers of
+the infernal world, and with the "Blessed Virgin and the saints" in
+their malevolent capacity, but the malignant hypocrisy of Gallagher
+was quite as repulsive to him as the vindictive blasphemy of his
+uncle. In fact, he had lived in an atmosphere untouched by the light
+or warmth of religion.
+
+Hugh's bondage and suffering had made him neither cringing nor cruel,
+and his freedom had come in time to permit the full development of a
+large and generous heart in a robust and healthy body. In his
+simplicity of heart he prevailed on Alice to invite her friends to
+meet him. He would soon remove their dislike with regard to his
+religion. Under the impulse of his enthusiasm he thought he could
+disarm prejudice by a frank and open avowal of his absolute
+indifference to all religions.
+
+Nothing, perhaps, in the whole history of the Brontes exceeded in
+interest that meeting. A dozen wily Ulster Catholics gathered round
+simple-hearted Hugh Bronte in Paddy McClory's kitchen. How the Orange
+champions would have trembled for the Protestant cause if they had
+been aware of Hugh's danger!
+
+The preliminary salutations over, a black bottle was produced, and a
+glass of whiskey handed round. Hugh had never learned to drink
+whiskey, and, at that time, detested the very smell of it. His refusal
+to drink with McClory's friends was a first ground of offence, but the
+whiskey had not yet brought the drinkers into the quarrelsome mood.
+
+When several bottles of McClory's whiskey had been drunk, and the
+temperature of the guests had risen, the religious question was
+approached. Bronte was urged, in peremptory tones, to abjure
+Protestantism. He had his answer ready. He was no more a Protestant
+than they were, and he had no Protestantism to abjure. "Will you then
+curse King William?" said a fiery little man, who had taken much
+liquor, and seemed to be the spokesman of the party.
+
+There is a principle in human nature which has been taken far too
+little account of by both philosophers and peasants. It has been the
+dominant principle in many of the important decisions that have sealed
+the fate of nations as well as of individuals. The principle is
+expressed by a word which is always pronounced in one way by the
+cultured, and in quite a different way by the unlettered. The word in
+its illiterate use is "contr_air_yness," and but for the principle
+expressed by this word the Bronte girls would never have made their
+mark in literature, and this history would never have been written.
+
+"Curse King William," shouted the fiery little man, supported by a
+hoarse shout from the other half-tipsy guests, all of whom had turned
+fierce and glaring eyes on the supposed Protestant.
+
+"I cannot curse King William," replied Hugh, smiling. "He never did me
+any harm; besides, he is beyond the region of my blessings and
+cursings. But," added he, warming with his subject, "I should not mind
+cursing the Pope, if he is the author of your fierce and besotted
+religion."
+
+Alice first saw the danger, and uttered a sharp cry. Suddenly the
+family party sprang upon Hugh, as the ambushed Philistines once flung
+themselves on Samson, but he shook them off, and left them sprawling
+on the floor. Alice drew him from the house, bleeding and disheveled,
+and after a tender parting in the grove beside the stream, he started
+on foot for Mount Pleasant.
+
+Two immediate results followed that conflict. Hugh Bronte became a
+furious Protestant and a frantic lover. There was no lukewarmness or
+indifference as to his Protestantism. The Bronte _contrairyness_ had
+met the kind of opposition to give it a stubborn set, and he there and
+then became a Protestant, double-dyed, in the warp and in the woof.
+The process of his conversion, such as it was, was prompt, decisive,
+effectual. It was somewhat orange in hue and militant in fibre, and
+was a genuine product of the times.
+
+Hugh's love for Alice was fanned into a fierce flame by the events of
+that night. When he first met her he had been dazzled by her rare
+beauty. He had seen few women, and never one like Alice. For the first
+time he had come under the spell of a simple but beautiful girl. They
+were young, shy lovers; very happy in each other's company, but each
+sufficiently self-possessed to be happy enough in self.
+
+From the crucible of contradiction on that night the jewel love had
+leaped forth. Each was drawn out from the self-centre in which each
+had been concentrated in self; he to declare his love in the face of
+relentless foes, and she to cling to him, and protect him, when
+bruised and torn by her friends. Beneath the pines, that night, they
+pledged, with mingling tears, undying love. They parted, but their
+hearts were one; and persecution, poverty and bereavement only welded
+them more closely together in the changing years.
+
+
+III. LOVE'S SUBTERFUGES.
+
+Hugh returned to the Mount Pleasant kilns, but his heart was no longer
+in his work. The burning of lime requires incessant care. The
+limestones must be broken to a proper size, layers of coal in due
+proportion must be added, and there must be constant watchfulness lest
+the fires should die out. Farmers' sons and servants started generally
+from County Down about midnight, and after traveling all night arrived
+at the kilns for their loads about dawn. A badly burnt kiln of lime
+was a grave loss to the owners, as well as a serious disappointment to
+the customers, and likely to result in loss of custom.
+
+There were many complaints as to the character of the lime immediately
+after Christmas, and the farmers on several occasions found, on
+slaking their loads at home, that only the surface of the stones was
+burnt, and that they had paid for, and imported, heaps of raw
+limestone.
+
+Hugh's thoughts were not in his business. He had made several Sunday
+journeys to Ballynaskeagh, to have secret meetings with Alice. They
+met in the grove by the brook, in a spot still pointed out as the
+"Lovers' Arbor" or "Courting Bower," and there, under willows
+festooned with ivy and honeysuckle and sweetbriers, they spent lonely
+but happy Sundays.
+
+They were at last betrayed by a Catholic servant who had been
+intrusted with a message to Alice. Then began a system of espionage
+and petty persecution, and all the forces of the McClory clan were
+united in an effort to compel Alice to marry a Catholic neighbor,
+called Joe Burns.
+
+At this time Hugh began to learn to read and write, and he succeeded
+so far, by the light from the eye of the kiln at night, as to be able
+to write love letters which Alice was able to read. He also, about the
+same time, succeeded in spelling his way through the New Testament.
+
+Like many other professions, a lime-kiln is a jealous mistress, and
+requires constant attentions. Young Bronte brought to it a divided
+mind, and gave it the second place in his thoughts. He was constantly
+leaving the kilns in the care of a companion on Saturday evenings and
+making long journeys to see Alice, returning on Monday morning, after
+a fatiguing night's journey. At first his companions did all they
+could to make up for his absence and absent-mindedness; but a change
+came, and they did their best to throw the light of exaggeration on
+his deficiencies.
+
+News had reached them from the North that he was a Protestant
+firebrand, that he had cursed the Pope, and made a savage attack on
+some harmless Catholics. At the kilns his manner had changed, and he
+had become moody and morose. Besides, he was constantly reading a
+little book by the light of the burning lime at night, instead of
+telling stories and singing songs, as in former times. The book was
+said to be the Bible, but it was in fact a New Testament that he was
+learning to read.
+
+A plot was immediately hatched to get rid of so dangerous a colleague.
+One of the Catholics undertook, as usual, to look after the kilns
+while he made an expedition to County Down; but he not only failed to
+charge the kilns properly, but he sent for the owner on Monday morning
+early, that he might see for himself the condition of things. The
+northern carts arrived by dawn, to find that there was nothing for
+them but unburnt lime. While the matter was being explained Hugh
+arrived, haggard and weary after his night's journey, and was
+peremptorily dismissed, without any explanation from either side being
+tendered or accepted.
+
+I have no record of Hugh's proceedings immediately after his
+dismissal, but he must have been reduced to considerable straits, for
+he went to the hiring ground in Newry, and engaged himself, as a
+common servant-boy, to a farmer who resided in Donoughmore. As a farm
+laborer in those days he would receive about six pounds per annum,
+with board and lodging; but then he was near his Alice, and that made
+every burden light.
+
+Hugh's new master, James Harshaw, was not an ordinary farmer. The
+Harshaws had occupied the farm from early in the fifteenth century,
+and James, who had received the education of a gentleman, had behind
+him the traditions of an old and respectable family. In the Harshaw
+home shrewd and steady industry was brightened by culture and
+refinement. The wheel of fortune had brought Hugh Bronte into a family
+where mental alacrity had full play.
+
+Bronte seems to have been treated with consideration and kindness by
+the Harshaws, who probably recognized in him something superior to the
+ordinary farm servant. At any rate, in those days the walls of class
+distinction were not raised so high as they are now, and the Harshaw
+children taught him to read.
+
+Hugh was much with the family. He drove them to Donoughmore
+Presbyterian Meeting House on Sundays, and sat with them in their pew,
+and he accompanied them to rustic singing parties, and such local
+gatherings. He used also to drive them in the summer time to
+Warrenpoint and Newcastle, and other watering-places, and remain with
+them as their attendant.
+
+In such treatment of a servant there was nothing unusual, and Mr. John
+Harshaw, the present proprietor of the ancestral home, has no very
+decisive information regarding this particular servant. He says, "The
+probability is that Hugh Bronte hired with my grandfather, whose land
+touched the Lough, but I fear it is too true that he passed through my
+grandfather's service and left no permanent record behind him."[1]
+
+I think it is more than probable that Bronte repaid his young masters
+and mistresses for their teaching, by telling them stories. Under
+Harshaw's roof he found not only work and shelter, but a home and
+comfort, and it is inconceivable that under those circumstances he
+allowed the gift that was in him, of charming by vivid narration, to
+lie dormant.
+
+As long as he lived he spoke of the Harshaws with gratitude and
+affection, and I do not believe he could have been so glad and happy
+without contributing to the general enjoyment.
+
+In the latter part of last century, the _raconteur_ occupied the place
+in Ireland now taken by the modern novelist, and I believe Hugh Bronte
+dropped doctrines into the minds of the young Harshaws which produced
+far-reaching results. Such was the fixed conviction of my old teacher,
+the Reverend W. McAllister.
+
+It happened that the Martins, another ancient family, lived quite near
+to the Harshaws. The land of the two families enclosed Loughorne
+round. The Martins were rich and slightly aristocratic, but the two
+families were thrown much together, and Samuel Martin, the son of the
+one house, married Jane Harshaw, the daughter of the other.
+
+She was a deeply religious and resolute woman, with a stern sense of
+duty. One of her nephews tells me she always conducted family worship
+after the death of her husband. She died of a fever, caught while
+ministering to the dying, in accordance with her high sense of
+Christian duty. Her life was given for others, and, at her funeral,
+the Reverend S. J. Moore said: "She was a woman who knew her duty and
+did it."
+
+Her second son, John Martin, inherited his mother's great mental
+capacity and strong sense of duty. At school, in Newry, he met young
+John Mitchel, and inspired him with something of his own enthusiasm,
+and the two youths came to the conclusion that it was their duty to
+put right Ireland's wrongs. John Mitchel was sent to penal servitude
+for fifteen or twenty years, and then John Martin stepped into the
+place vacated by his friend, and was transported to Van Diemen's Land
+for ten years.
+
+The conviction of "honest John Martin" gave a blow to the old system
+in Ireland from which it has never recovered. Even his enemies were
+shocked at the ferocity of the sentence; but then he had written a
+pamphlet under the text: "_Your land, strangers devour it in your
+presence, and it is desolate._" (Isaiah, i. 7.) He had proclaimed from
+the housetops Hugh Bronte's tenant-right doctrines, of which more
+anon. He had attacked the sacred rights of landlordism, and he was
+sent to a safe and distant place for quite a different offence, called
+treason felony.
+
+John Martin was a man of large property, but he devoted his life and
+all his income to what he considered the good of others.
+
+He had taken his B.A. degree at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied
+medicine, and for many years he gave advice and medicine gratuitously
+to all who came to him. The poor were passionately attached to him.
+
+I remember seeing him and speaking to him once, after he had received
+a free pardon, and become a member of parliament. No one could have
+looked on the great, capacious head, and the handsome, benevolent
+face, without questioning the system that had no better use for such a
+man than sending him to rot in penal servitude. Lord Palmerston beheld
+the ex-convict with profound admiration, and expressed deep sympathy
+with him as the victim of a bad system.
+
+John Martin preached and suffered for the very doctrines that Hugh
+Bronte enunciated with such passionate conviction. Where did he get
+those doctrines? I have a profound belief, though I have no positive
+proofs, that John Martin's beliefs and principles grew from seeds sown
+by Hugh Bronte, the servant boy. In this belief the Reverend W.
+McAllister and the Reverend David McKee shared, or, rather, my faith
+has grown from their convictions.
+
+Jane Harshaw, however she got them, carried the doctrines into the
+Martin family. They mingled with and strengthened her strong sense
+of duty, and they added passion to her lust after justice and the
+thing that was right. With her son John, the feeling of obligation
+to break the ban of Ireland's curse became irresistible. He was
+dowered with an inexhaustible grace of pity for all sufferers, and the
+impulse to redress the wrongs of the oppressed overpowered him and
+led him to acts of impatience and imprudence, which gave his
+cool-headed enemies the opportunity they were ready enough to
+embrace. But the revolutionary doctrines for which John Martin
+suffered came from the same seed that produced Charlotte Bronte's
+radical sentiments, and it is interesting to note that in both cases
+the seed produced its fruit about the same period (1847-1848).
+
+I must now leave these historical speculations, however plausible and
+probable they may be, and return to the direct narration of known
+facts.
+
+Hugh Bronte had disappeared forever from the Mount Pleasant kilns.
+Those who had plotted his dismissal exaggerated every foible of his
+life, and invented others, after he was gone, until, by a spiteful
+blending of fact and fancy, they made him into a monster.
+
+The farmers' sons and servants who carted lime from Mount Pleasant to
+County Down brought with them wonderful tales of his misdeeds and
+disgrace. And Alice McClory's guardians believed that he had
+disappeared forever into the distant South, from whence he had
+emerged. They never suspected that he was actually living in their
+neighborhood, and that he and Alice had met at Warrenpoint, Newcastle,
+and elsewhere.
+
+  [1] As we shall see, the parish records of Hugh's marriage and
+      Patrick's baptism are both lost, and though Patrick was
+      schoolmaster in Glascar Presbyterian school, and in Drumgooland
+      Episcopalian school, he has left no permanent record behind him
+      in either place. Records in those days were ill-kept.
+
+
+IV. THE ELOPEMENT.
+
+Under restraint, Alice had drooped and pined, but now that Bronte had
+left the country she was permitted to ride about the neighborhood
+quite alone. She enjoyed horse exercise greatly, but no matter in what
+direction she left home her way lay always through Loughorne. Perhaps
+the roads were better in that direction, but she always exchanged
+salutations with a handsome working-man, by the expanse of water in
+Loughorne. When he was not about she used very humanely to take her
+horse down to the lake to drink, and from a hole in an old tree she
+used to remove a scrap of paper, leaving something instead. The tree
+used to be pointed out as "Bronte's post-box," but the lake has
+recently been drained, and the trees have, I believe, disappeared.
+
+Everything that could be done was done, to please Miss McClory, but no
+opportunity was missed to further Farmer Burns's suit. He was a
+prosperous man. He had a good farm, a good house, plenty of horses and
+cows, and was a very desirable husband for Alice. He was also a
+Catholic. Bronte had shown that he did not care for her by going away,
+and never thinking of her more. The priest joined with Alice's female
+friends in pleading for Burns. At length, by incessant perseverance,
+they prevailed on her to consent to marry Burns, and forget Bronte.
+The incessant drip had made an impression at last, and the crafty
+relatives had gained their end.
+
+There was joy in the Catholic camp when it was publicly announced that
+Miss McClory and Mr. Burns were soon to be married. McClory's house
+was thatched anew, and whitewashed and renovated throughout. The roses
+were nailed up around the windows; the street was strewn with fresh
+sand; new window-blinds and bed-curtains were provided, and pots and
+pans were burnished. Never before had McClory's house been subjected
+to such an outburst of sweeping and brushing and washing and scouring;
+the whole place became redolent of potash and suds. It was spring
+cleaning _in excelsis_.
+
+The local dressmaker, Annie McCabe, whose granddaughter, of the same
+name, is now dressmaker in the same place, assisted by Miss
+McClory's female relatives, was busily engaged on the bridal dress.
+Burns used to look in daily on the incessant preparations, his
+countenance beaming with joy, but Alice would not permit him to
+destroy the pleasures of imagination by approaching near to her. She
+would lift her finger coyly, and warn him off, if he presumed on any
+familiarities, but she allowed him to sit on the other side of the
+fire from that graced by herself.
+
+At length the wedding-day arrived. Such signs of feasting had never
+before been seen in Ballynaskeagh. New loaves had been procured from
+Newry, fresh beef from Rathfriland, whiskey from Banbridge. A great
+pudding, composed of flour and potatoes, and boiled for many hours
+over a slow fire, with hot coals on the lid of the oven, had been
+prepared. Two of the largest turkeys had been boiled, and laid out on
+great dishes with an abundant coating of melted butter, and a huge
+roll of roasted beef was served up as a burnt offering. Signs of
+abundance stood on table and dresser and hob, while rows of bottles
+peeped from behind the window-curtains; and neither envy nor spite
+could say that Red Paddy McClory was not providing a splendid wedding
+for his sister. The morning rose glorious, and, as the custom then
+was, Burns and his friends, mounted on their best horses, raced to the
+house of the bride "_for the broth_," first in being the winner. On
+such occasions crowds of neighbors crowned the hilltops. The cavalcade
+was greeted with ringing cheers, as it swept in a cloud of dust down
+the road from the Knock Hill. Several riders were unhorsed, but the
+steeds arrived in McClory's court, champing their bits and covered
+with foam. A covered car from Newry stood near the house, on the road,
+to take Alice to the chapel, but she was to ride away from the chapel
+mounted on the pillion, behind her husband.
+
+There was an unexpected pause; no one knew why. Some dismounted and
+stood by their stirrups, ready to mount when the bride had entered her
+carriage. Glasses of whiskey were handed round, and then the pause
+became more awkward and the suspense more intense. At last it became
+known that Alice, who had been up nearly all night finishing her new
+gowns, had felt weary, and fitting on her wedding dress, had gone out
+on her mare for a spurt, to shake off drowsiness. Messengers were sent
+in different directions to search for her, but they had not returned.
+Some accident must have befallen her.
+
+Burns, who rode a powerful black horse, and who had won the broth,
+galloped off wildly towards Loughbrickland. The other cavaliers
+scoured the country in different directions; but, while all kinds of
+surmises were being hazarded, a messenger on foot from Banbridge, with
+dainties for the feast, arrived, and reported that he had met Miss
+McClory and a tall gentleman galloping furiously toward the river
+Bann, near Banbridge. There was great excitement among the guests, and
+whiskey and strong language without measure. After a hurried
+consultation the mounted guests agreed to pursue the fugitives and
+bring Miss McClory back; but, while they were tightening their girths
+and getting ready for a gallop of five or six miles, a boy rode up to
+the house on the mare that had been ridden by Alice, bearing a letter
+to say she had just been married to Hugh Bronte in Magherally church.
+She sent her love and grateful thanks to her brother, hoped the party
+would enjoy the wedding dinner, and begged them to drink her health
+as Mrs. Bronte.
+
+The plucky manner in which the lady had carried out her own plan,
+outwitting the coercionists by her own cleverness, called forth
+admiration in the midst of disappointment, and the cheery message
+touched every heart. The calamity that had befallen Burns did not
+weigh heavily on the hearts of the guests, in presence of the splendid
+dinner before them, and especially as it was now clear that the lady
+was being forced to marry him against her will.
+
+At this juncture the kind and courteous old priest rose, and with
+great skill and good-humor talked about the events of the day. He
+brought into special prominence the humorous and heroic episode in a
+manner that appealed to the chivalry of his hearers, and then, with
+tender pathos, referring to the beautiful daughter of the house,
+called upon the guests to drink her health. The toast was responded to
+with a hearty ringing cheer. Burns, who has left a good reputation
+behind him, promptly proposed prosperity to the new-married couple,
+and Red Paddy, always kind and generous, promised to send the united
+good wishes of the whole party to the bride and bridegroom, and to
+assure them of a hearty welcome, in which the past would be forgotten.
+Paddy, as we shall see, kept his word. Thus the grandfather and
+grandmother of the great novelists were married in 1776, in the
+Protestant church of Magherally, the clergyman who officiated
+pronouncing the bride the most beautiful woman he had ever seen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following verses have always been known as the product of Hugh
+Bronte's muse. I am inclined to think they may have, in an original
+form, been produced by Hugh, and smoothed down by his son Patrick. And
+perhaps, in the refining process, they have lost in strength more than
+they have gained in sound.
+
+I do not think old Hugh would have known anything, at first hand, of
+"the peach bloom," or of "the blood-red Mars." The poem, forty years
+ago, had many variations, but there is one line of special interest,
+as it shows that the verses were known to Charlotte Bronte. The verse,
+with a slight variation, is put into the mouth of Jane Eyre. Rochester
+says: "Jane suits me; do I suit her?" Jane answers: "To the finest
+fibre of my nature, sir."
+
+
+ALICE AND HUGH.
+
+  The red rose paled before the blush
+    That mantled o'er thy dimpled cheek,
+  The peach bloom faded at the flush
+    That tinged thy beauty ripe and meek.
+
+  Thy milk-white brow outshone the snow:
+    Thy lustrous eyes outglanced the stars:
+  Thy cherry lips, with love aglow,
+    Burned ruddier than the blood-red Mars.
+
+  Thy sweet, low voice waked in my heart
+    Dead memories of my mother's love.
+  My long-lost sister's artless art
+    Lived in thy smiles, my gentle dove.
+
+  Dear Alice, how thy charm and grace
+    Kindled my dull and stagnant life!
+  From first I saw thy winning face,
+    My whole heart claimed thee for my wife.
+
+  I thought you'd make me happy, dear:
+    I sought you for my very own:
+  You clung to me through storm and fear:
+    You loved me still, though poor and lone.
+
+  My love was centred all in self:
+    Thy love was centred all in me:
+  True wife, above all pride and pelf,
+    My life's deep current flows for thee.
+
+  The finest fibres of my soul
+    Entwine with thine in love's strong fold;
+  Our tin cup is a golden bowl;
+    Love fills our cot with wealth untold.
+
+
+
+
+THE LEGEND OF THE ELEPHANT AND THE LION.
+
+BY HENRY M. STANLEY.
+
+Copyright, 1893, by Henry M. Stanley.
+
+
+It was a custom with us, when crossing Africa in 1874-77, to meet
+after dinner around the camp-fire, to while away the evening with
+pleasant gossip, reminiscences, curious African legends. Sunset in the
+tropics is soon followed by darkness, and the heavy vapors rising from
+the hot, steaming ground appear to give thickness and substance to it.
+A large fire is then very agreeable, as it drives away the damp and
+dew; and it is a comfort to look into its flames and glowing embers,
+wherein each man sees what he sees. No doubt the drift of the mind at
+such times, to think of such things as are driven away by the needs of
+the stirring day, suggested that we could be more sociable and more
+interested if we related to one another such stories as were told to
+us by the old folks at home. On trial it was found that there were
+some of our men who were most accomplished in the art of narration,
+and I fancied, after writing one or two out, that there was some kind
+of a moral of an African character in each, after which I paid more
+attention to them, and, on retiring from the circle, I would hastily
+jot down what I had heard. If there were some points still obscure in
+the story I would invite its narrator to relate it to me at the first
+halting-place. But then I would find also that there was a great deal
+of difference between the story told to me alone and that related to
+the audience round the fire--there was then less local color, less
+detail, and less animation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At a camp on the Upper Congo, in 1877, Chakanja drew near our fire as
+story-telling was about to begin, and was immediately beset with eager
+demands for a tale from him. Like a singer, who always professes to
+have a cold before indulging us, Chakanja needed more than a few
+entreaties; but finally, after vowing that he never could remember
+anything, he consented to gratify us with the legend of the Elephant
+and the Lion.
+
+"Well," he answered, with a deep sigh, "if I must, I must. You must
+know we Waganda are fond of three things--to have a nice wife, a
+pleasant farm, and to hear good news, or a lively story. I have heard
+a great many stories in my life, but, unlike Kadu, my mind remembers
+them not. Men's heads are not the same, any more than men's hearts are
+like. But I take it that a poor tale is better than none. It comes
+back to me like a dream, this tale of the Elephant and the Lion. I
+heard it first when on a visit to Gabunga's; but who can tell it like
+him? If you think the tale is not well told, it is my fault; but then,
+do not blame me too much, or I shall think I ought to blame you
+to-morrow, when it will be your turn to amuse the party.
+
+"Now open your ears. A huge and sour-tempered elephant went and
+wandered in the forest. His inside was slack for want of juicy roots
+and succulent reeds, but his head was as full of dark thoughts as a
+gadfly is full of blood. As he looked this way and that, he observed a
+young lion asleep at the foot of a tree. He regarded it for a while,
+then, as he was in a wicked mind, it came to him that he might as well
+kill it, and he accordingly rushed at it, and impaled it with his
+tusks. He lifted it with his trunk, swung it about, dashed it against
+the tree, and afterwards kneeled on the body until it became as
+shapeless as a crushed banana pulp. He then laughed, and said, 'Ha!
+ha! This is a proof that I am strong. I have killed a lion, and people
+will say proud things of me, and will wonder at my strength.'
+
+"Presently a brother elephant came up and greeted him.
+
+"'See,' said the first elephant, 'what I have done. It was I that
+killed him. I lifted him on high, and, lo! he lies like a rotten
+banana. Do you not think I am very strong? Come, be frank now, and
+give me some credit for what I have done.'
+
+"Elephant No. 2 replied: 'It is true that you are strong, but that was
+only a young lion. There are others of his kind, and I have seen them,
+who would give you considerable trouble.'
+
+"'Ho, ho!' laughed the first elephant. 'Get out, stupid! You may bring
+his whole tribe here, and I will show you what I can do. Ay, and to
+your dam to boot.'
+
+"'What! My own mother, too!'
+
+"'Yes. Go and fetch her if you like.'
+
+"'Well, well,' said No. 2, 'you are far gone, there is no doubt. Fare
+you well.'
+
+"No. 2 proceeded on his wanderings, resolved in his own mind that, if
+he had an opportunity, he would send some one to test the boaster's
+strength. No. 1 called out to him:
+
+"'Away you go. Good-by to you.'
+
+"A little way on, No. 2 elephant met a lion and lioness, full grown,
+and splendid creatures, who turned out to be the parents of the
+youngster which had been slain, and he said to them, after a sociable
+chat:
+
+"'If you go further on along the path I came, you will meet a kind of
+game which requires killing badly. He has just mangled your cub.'
+
+"Meantime elephant No. 1, chuckling to himself very conceitedly,
+proceeded to the pool near by to bathe and cool himself. At every step
+he went you could hear this: 'Ha, ha, ha! Lo! I have killed a lion.'
+While he was in the pool, spurting the water in a shower over his
+back, he suddenly looked up, and at the water's edge beheld a grown
+lion and lioness regarding him sternly.
+
+"'Well, what do you want?' he asked. 'Why are you standing there
+looking at me?'
+
+"'Are you the rogue who killed our child?' they asked.
+
+"'Perhaps I am,' he answered. 'Why do you want to know?'
+
+"'Because we are in search of him. If it be you that did it, you will
+have to do the same to us before you leave this ground.'
+
+"'Ho! ho!' laughed the elephant loudly. 'Well, hark! It was I who
+killed your cub. Come now, it was I. Do you hear? And if you do not
+leave here mighty quick, I shall have to serve you both as I served
+him.'
+
+"The lions roared aloud in their fury, and switched their tails
+violently.
+
+"'Ho, ho!' laughed the elephant gayly. 'This is grand! There is no
+doubt I shall run soon, they make me so skeery;' and he danced round
+the pool, and jeered at them, then drank a great quantity of water and
+blew it in a shower over them.
+
+"The lions stirred not, but kept steadfastly gazing at him, planning
+how best to attack him.
+
+"Perceiving that they were obstinate, he threw another stream of water
+over the lions and then backed into the deepest part of the pool,
+until there was nothing seen of him but the tip of his trunk. When he
+arose again the lions were still watching him and had not moved.
+
+"'Ho, ho!' he trumpeted, 'still there? Wait a little, I am coming to
+you.' He advanced towards the shore, but, when he was close enough,
+the lion sire sprang into the air, and alighted on the elephant's
+back, and furiously tore at the muscles of the neck, and bit deep into
+the shoulder. The elephant retreated into the deepest part of the pool
+again, and submerged himself and his enemy, until the lion was
+compelled to abandon his back and begin to swim ashore. No sooner had
+he felt himself relieved than the elephant rose to the surface, and
+hastily followed and seized the lion with his trunk. Despite the
+lion's struggles, he was pressed beneath the surface, dragged under
+the elephant's knees, and trodden into the mud, and in a short time
+the lion sire was dead.
+
+"The elephant laughed triumphantly, and cried, 'Ho, ho! am I not
+strong, Ma Lion? Did you ever see the like of me before? Two of you,
+Young Lion and Pa Lion, are now killed. Ma Lion, you had better try
+now, just to see if you won't have better luck. Come on, old woman,
+just once.'
+
+"The lioness fiercely answered, while she retreated from the pool,
+'Hold on where you are. I am going to find my brother, and will be
+back shortly.'
+
+"The elephant trumpeted his scorn of her kind, and seizing the carcass
+of her lord, flung it on shore after her, and declared his readiness
+to abide where he was, that he might make mash of all the lion
+family.
+
+"In a short time the lioness had found her brother, who was a mighty
+fellow, and full of fight. As they advanced near the pool together,
+they consulted as to the best means of getting at him. Then the
+lioness sprang forward to the edge of the pool. The elephant retreated
+a short distance. The lioness upon this crept along the pool, and
+pretended to lap the water. The elephant moved towards her. The lion
+waited his chance, and finally, with a great roar, sprang upon his
+shoulders and commenced tearing away at the very place which had been
+wounded by lion sire.
+
+"The elephant backed quickly into deep water, and submerged himself,
+but the lion maintained his hold and bit deeper. The elephant then
+sank down until there was nothing to be seen but the tip of his trunk,
+upon which the lion, to avoid suffocation, relaxed his hold, and swam
+vigorously toward shore. The elephant rose up, and as the lion was
+stepping on shore, seized him, and drove one of his tusks through his
+body; but, as he was in the act, the lioness sprang upon the
+elephant's neck, and bit and tore so furiously that he fell dead, and
+with his fall crushed the dying lion.
+
+"Soon after the close of the terrible combat, elephant No. 2 came up,
+and discovered the lioness licking her chops and paws, and said:
+
+"'Hello, it seems there has been quite a quarrel here lately. Three
+lions are dead, and here lies one of my own kind, stiffening.'
+
+"'Yes,' replied the lioness gloomily, 'the rogue elephant killed my
+cub while the little fellow was asleep in the woods. He then killed my
+husband and brother, and I killed him; but I do not think the elephant
+has gained much by fighting with us. I did not have much trouble in
+killing him. Should you meet any friends of his, you may warn them to
+leave the lioness alone, or she may be tempted to make short work of
+them.'
+
+"Elephant No. 2, though a patient person generally, was annoyed at
+this, and gave a sudden kick with one of his hind feet which sent her
+sprawling a good distance off; and asked:
+
+"'How do you like that, Ma Lion?'
+
+"'What do you mean by that?' demanded the enraged lioness.
+
+"'Oh, because I hate to hear so much bragging.'
+
+"'Do you also wish to fight?' she asked.
+
+"'We should never talk about doing an impossible thing, Ma Lion,' he
+answered. 'I have travelled many years through these woods, and I have
+never fought yet. I find that when a person minds his own business he
+seldom comes to trouble, and when I meet one who is even stronger than
+myself, I greet him pleasantly, and pass on, and I should advise you
+to do the same, Ma Lion.'
+
+"'You are saucy, elephant. It would be well for you to think upon your
+stupid brother there, who lies so stark under your nose, before you
+trouble one who slew him, with your insolence.'
+
+"'Well, words never yet made a plantation; it is the handling of a hoe
+that makes fields. See here, Ma Lion, if I talked to you all day I
+could not make you wise. I will just turn my back to you. If you will
+bite me you will soon learn how weak you are.'
+
+"The lioness, angered still more by the elephant's contempt, sprang at
+his shoulders, and clung to him; upon which he rushed at a stout tree,
+and, pressing his shoulders against it, crushed the breath out of her
+body, and she ceased her struggles. When he relaxed his pressure, the
+body fell to the ground, and he knelt upon it, and kneaded it until
+every bone was broken.
+
+"While the elephant was meditatively standing over the body, and
+thinking what misfortunes happen to boasters, a man came along,
+carrying a spear; and seeing that the elephant was unaware of his
+presence, he thought what great luck had happened to him.
+
+"Said he, 'Ah, what fine tusks he has! I shall be rich with them, and
+shall buy slaves and cattle, and with these I will get a wife and a
+farm,' saying which he advanced silently, and when he was near enough,
+darted his spear into a place behind the shoulder.
+
+"The elephant turned around quickly, and, on beholding his enemy,
+rushed after him, and, overtaking him, mauled him until in a few
+moments he was a mangled corpse.
+
+"At this time a woman approached, and seeing four lions and one
+elephant and her husband dead, she raised up her hands wonderingly,
+and cried, 'How did all this happen?' The elephant, hearing her voice,
+came from behind a tree, with a spear quivering in his side, and
+bleeding profusely. At the sight of him the woman turned round to fly,
+but the elephant cried out to her, 'Nay, run not, woman, for I can do
+you no harm. The happy days in the woods are ended for all the tribes.
+The memory of this scene will never be forgotten. Animals will be at
+constant war one with another. Lions will no more greet elephants, the
+buffaloes will be shy, the rhinoceroses will live apart, and man, when
+he comes within the shadows, will think of nothing else than his
+terrors, and he will fancy an enemy in every shadow. I am sorely
+wounded, for thy man stole up to my side and drove his spear into me,
+and soon I shall die.'
+
+"When she had heard these words the woman hastened home, and all the
+villagers, old and young, hurried into the woods, by the pool, where
+they found four lions, two elephants, and one of their own tribe lying
+still and lifeless.
+
+"The words of the elephant have turned out to be true, for no man goes
+nowadays into the silent and deserted woods but he feels as though
+something was haunting them, and thinks of goblinry, and starts at
+every sound. Out of the shadows, which shift with the sun, forms seem
+crawling and phantoms appear to glide, and we are in a fever almost
+from the horrible illusions of fancy. We breathe quickly and fear to
+speak, for the smallest vibration in the silence would jar on our
+nerves. I speak the truth, for when I am in the woods near the night,
+there swim before my eyes a multitude of terrible things which I never
+see by the light of day. The flash of a firefly is a ghost, the chant
+of a frog becomes a frightful roar, the sudden piping of a bird
+signalizes murder, and I run. No, no, no woods for me when alone."
+
+And Chakanja rose to his feet and went to his own quarters, solemnly
+shaking his head. But we all smiled at Chakanja, and thought how
+terribly frightened he would be if any one suddenly rose from behind a
+dark bush and cried "Boo!" to him.
+
+
+
+
+SONG.
+
+BY THOMAS CAREW.
+(1589-1639.)
+
+
+  Ask me no more where Jove bestows,
+  When June is past, the fading rose,
+  For in your beauty's orient deep
+  These flowers, as in their causes, sleep.
+
+  Ask me no more whither do stray
+  The golden atoms of the day,
+  For, in pure love, heaven did prepare
+  Those powders to enrich your hair.
+
+  Ask me no more where those stars light
+  That downwards fall in dead of night,
+  For in your eyes they sit, and there
+  Fixed become as in their sphere.
+
+  Ask me no more whither doth haste
+  The nightingale when May is past,
+  For in your sweet dividing throat
+  She winters, and keeps warm her note.
+
+
+
+
+AT THE THROTTLE.
+
+THE LIFE AND EXPERIENCES OF AN ENGINEER OF A LIMITED EXPRESS.
+
+BY CLEVELAND MOFFETT.
+
+  "_See the huge creature with muscles of steel, his heart a furnace
+  of glowing coal, and the strength of a thousand horses nerving his
+  sinews. See him strut forth from his stable, and, saluting the
+  train of cars with a dozen sonorous puffs from his iron nostrils,
+  stand panting to be gone. He would drag the pyramids across the
+  Desert of Sahara if they could be hitched on._"
+
+
+The average New Yorker who rides to Chicago in twenty hours on the
+World's Fair flyer does an easy day's work, in fact, does no work at
+all. He rests comfortably at night, enjoys well-served meals, and
+reaches his destination almost before he knows it. Having paid the
+price, such is the arrogance of money, he takes all that is done for
+him quite as a matter of course, and knows no more of the workings of
+this wonderful train than a school-boy, while he cares rather less. An
+engine pulls the cars, steam works the engine, and as for the
+engineer, the New Yorker never thinks of him except to growl at him
+when the train is late, and to advocate hanging him if there is an
+accident.
+
+Meantime, what is the engineer of this fastest train in the world
+doing for the passenger? In the first place, the Chicago flyer is not
+driven by one but by many engineers. In order to cover the nine
+hundred and sixty-four miles between the two cities in twenty hours,
+including nine stops, there are required seven huge engines in relays,
+driven by seven grimy heroes. A run of less than one hundred and fifty
+miles is the limit per day for each engine, while three hours of the
+plunging rush wears out the strongest engineer. Sixty, seventy, eighty
+miles an hour--what does that mean to the man at the throttle? It
+means that the six and a half feet drivers turn five times every
+second and advance one hundred feet. Tic-tic-tic, and the train has
+run the length of New York's highest steeple. The engineer turns his
+head for five seconds to look at the gauges, and in that time the
+terrible iron creature, putting forth the strength of a thousand
+horses, may have shot past a red signal with its danger warning five
+hundred feet away. Ten seconds, and one thousand feet are left
+behind--one-fifth of a mile. Who knows what horrors may lie within
+that thousand feet! There may be death lurking round a curve, death
+spreading its arms in a tunnel, and the engineer must see and be
+responsible for everything. Not only must he note instantly all that
+is before him, the signals, switches, bridges, the passing trains, and
+the condition of the rails, but he must act at the same moment,
+working throttle, air-brakes, or reversing-lever, not as quick as
+thought, but quicker, for there is no time to think. His muscles must
+do the right thing automatically under circumstances where a second is
+an age. In the three hours of his vigil there are ten thousand eight
+hundred seconds, during each one of which he must watch with the
+mental alertness of an athlete springing for a flying trapeze from
+the roof of an amphitheatre, with the courageous self-possession of a
+matador awaiting the deadly rush of a maddened bull; and far more
+depends upon the engineer's watching well, because, if he fails by a
+hair's breadth in coolness or precision of judgment, there may come
+destruction, not only to himself, but to hundreds of passengers, who,
+while he stands guard, are perhaps grumbling at the waiters in the
+dining-car or telling funny stories in the smoker.
+
+In addition to this constant mental tension the engineer on this
+hurling train has to endure material discomfort, often bodily
+suffering. The air sweeps back in his face with the breath of a
+hurricane, blowing smoke and cinders into his eyes. Most people know
+the intense pain a cinder causes in a man's eye, particularly a hot
+cinder. The suffering is almost unbearable, and yet, suffering or no
+suffering, the engineer who gets a cinder in his eye can have no
+relief until the end of his relay. They shut their lips, these
+unflinching men, keep looking ahead, and bear it. Long after they
+leave the cab, the burning sensation in their eyes and eyelids
+continues, and even persists after hours of sleep. "It seems as if
+nothing would rest my eyes, sir," said one of the new men after his
+first week on the flyer. No wonder the eyesight of engineers fails
+rapidly, no wonder many of them are removed from their positions every
+year because the examining doctors find them unable to distinguish the
+signals. The engineer suffers also from the plunging and tossing of
+the monster locomotive, which bruises his whole body with its violent
+rocking, and causes sharp pains in the back, particularly where there
+is any tendency to kidney trouble. One has only to watch these strong
+men as they stumble down from their engines at the end of a relay, has
+only to observe their white faces and unsteady gait, and see the
+condition of physical collapse which follows, to understand what it
+costs in vitality and grit to give the ease-loving public this
+incomparable train service.
+
+[Illustration: "THE FLYER" LEAVING THE GRAND CENTRAL STATION, NEW YORK
+CITY.]
+
+Thus it is that while the New Yorker gets to Chicago with scarcely
+more discomfort than if he had remained at home, the same journey
+wears out seven engineers, all picked men; for many of them who have
+seen years of service on trains running forty miles an hour, break
+down entirely when put upon the flyer. So exhausted are these seven
+engineers by their comparatively short relays that they are obliged
+to lay off entirely during the following day to recover from the
+shock. They do not even take the opposite-bound flyer back over
+their stretch, but return with their engines to their respective
+starting-points, drawing slower trains. Thus, seven strong men do
+two days' work every time the flyer runs from New York to Chicago,
+and seven other men do two days' work every time it runs back. Each
+engineer works three hours on the flyer, returns home on an easy
+train, and then rests forty hours before his muscles and nerves and
+brain are in condition to repeat the operation.
+
+So it results that twenty-eight engineers, one at a time, are required
+to run this wonderful train from New York to Chicago and back again.
+Fourteen veterans drive the great engines one way, and fourteen
+brother veterans drive them the other. Twenty-eight men for a single
+complete trip of a single train, and they the flower of American
+engineers, splendid fellows every one of them, with cool heads, stanch
+hearts, and the experience of years at the throttle. The fact is,
+these men of iron, who, after all, are made of flesh and blood, have
+been called upon of late years to bear a mental and physical strain
+which has increased steadily as the speed rates have advanced. Forty,
+fifty, sixty, seventy, and now eighty miles an hour, each greater
+velocity has meant greater pressure, not only on the boilers and
+cylinders, but on men's brains; has meant greater expenditure, not
+only of coal and dollars, but of nerve force, until now experts
+recognize with concern that the limit of human endurance has been
+almost reached. Science may remove the mechanical difficulties in the
+way of running a hundred miles an hour, or more, for such a rate has
+already been predicted; money may buy better axles, wheels,
+lubricators, and machinery, but where are the men who will run these
+trains of the future when they are built? Can science breed us a race
+of giants? Can money purchase an immunity against suffering or eyes
+that are indestructible? If twenty-eight engineers are required to-day
+on the Chicago flyer, how many, pray, will be necessary on a train
+running fifty or one hundred per cent. faster?
+
+I gained a vivid impression of what it means to drive one of these
+monster engines, by actually travelling from New York to Albany, a few
+days ago, in the cab of Engine 870, which takes the Empire State
+express over the first stretch of its journey--one hundred and
+forty-two miles--at a rate rather faster than that of the Chicago
+flyer. At the throttle was Archie Buchanan, a silent man with gray
+eyes and earnest face, who comes of a family of engineers, and is one
+of the most trusted of the New York Central employees. Buchanan's
+brother John, a skilled engineer in his time, was cut in two some
+years ago in an accident near East Albany. His brother James is a
+master mechanic at the shops at West Albany, and his brother William,
+after serving for years as a New York Central engineer, was made
+Superintendent of Rolling Stock, a position he still holds.
+
+Buchanan smiled quietly as I climbed upon the fireman's seat at the
+left. It was a perfect July morning, and at 8.39 the shrill whistle
+sounded, worked by the conductor's bell-rope, and we were off, nine
+minutes behind time on account of some trouble with the air-brakes.
+
+"We must make up the delay, Al," said the engineer to his fireman, as
+the wheels began to turn. Those were the only words he spoke until we
+reached Albany, and, had he spoken, neither Al nor I could have heard
+him for the roar.
+
+Now the slow, heavy pant of the engine quickens, and we shoot under
+bridges and streets, passing out of New York. For a few minutes
+Buchanan, working the reversing-lever, lets the pistons go the full
+length of the cylinders, but he gradually cuts down their stroke to
+eight inches, making the steam expansion do the rest. This lessens the
+noise from the exhaust, but the noise from the pounding of the
+mountain of iron on the rails increases in geometrical ratio. A shower
+of cinders blows in with black smoke, and a hot one settles in my
+neck. The smoke tastes of oil, the cinder burns--this is but a
+foretaste of things to come. I turn my head to avoid suffocation and
+get a scorching blast from the fire-box, whose door is swung wide
+open. The fireman's orders are to make up the lost time, and he
+proposes to do it. In goes coal at the rate of two shovelfuls a minute
+for the first half-hour. Before we reach Albany he has shovelled in
+more than three tons, and had the day been windy it would have taken
+more. In the intervals he rakes and prods the white-hot crater and
+rings the bell as we shoot past towns and cities. Buchanan tends to
+the whistle and air-brakes. The noise is dreadful, as if a thousand
+devils were dancing in one's head. The motion is so violent from side
+to side that we all have to hold on tightly. A little more and one
+would be seasick.
+
+As the hundred-ton engine pounds along with horrible din, a strange
+sense of exhilaration succeeds that of physical discomfort. One
+becomes indifferent to everything, and, courting now the smoke-laden
+hurricane, thrusts one's head from the window into the sweeping
+air-billows, which dash against the face like breakers and with the
+same strangling force. I was seized with a wild desire to go faster;
+seventy miles an hour was not enough, and I would fain have opened
+everything to its full capacity, stop-cocks, levers, throttle, and
+all, and taken part in a furious, splendid runaway. Strange thoughts
+chased through my mind; the houses of flying towns seemed to be
+rushing at each other in battle from either side, a long line of loose
+ties between the tracks suggested an endless procession of turtles,
+the trees seemed to be dancing down the hills, and the people who
+stared up at us while stepping away from the dangerous suction seemed
+to be creatures of another race. I have learned since that engineers
+often have that feeling of belonging to some other world, and it comes
+upon them particularly at night. A man of highly strung organization
+could easily go mad riding on an engine running seventy miles an
+hour.
+
+These curious illusions of the senses were presently succeeded by a
+period of intense and perfectly normal curiosity. I counted the number
+of strokes made by the piston in a minute, and found there were about
+three hundred. I counted the number of puffs from the smoke-stack, and
+decided correctly that there were four times as many of these as there
+were piston-strokes, that is, about twenty to the second. Then I
+counted the oil-cans, the gauges, and made mental photographs of the
+inside of the cab.
+
+From start to finish we made no stop and only slackened our speed
+twice to "pick up water," this important operation being accomplished
+with a great splashing by a scoop under the tender, which drops into a
+trough running lengthwise of the track for about twelve hundred feet,
+and always kept full to the brim. The scoop is controlled by a lever
+in the tender, which the fireman directs. In the winter, steam-pipes
+through the troughs keep the water from freezing. During the whole
+distance Buchanan scarcely changed his position, and never turned his
+head. For two hours and thirty-six minutes he stood at the right of
+the boiler, an immovable figure in gray overalls and black skullcap,
+his left hand on the throttle, while his right clutched the window to
+steady him. I never once saw his eyes, which were fixed on the track
+ahead as if held there by a magnet. No matter how the smoke and
+cinders poured in through the open windows in front, no matter the
+bridges and tunnels nor the mad rush of air, his eyes stayed forward
+always, sweeping the line before us anxiously, constantly on the alert
+for signals, for switches, for obstructions, for the long tunnel, for
+the train side-tracked near Poughkeepsie, for the water troughs, for a
+score of things, the missing any one of which might mean disaster.
+And, as he watched, silent and motionless, there was one thought in
+his mind and only one, whether we would make up the lost nine minutes
+and get into Albany on time. Al's thoughts were the same, and, like
+one of Dante's demons, he worked at the coal and the fire and the
+water, now oiling the drivers, now looking at the gauges, ever busy
+and ever growing blacker and oilier in hands and face.
+
+Very proud we were as we ran into Albany at 11.15 A.M. on time to the
+minute, having made the run of one hundred and forty-two miles in one
+hundred and fifty-six minutes, an average of 53.8 miles an hour. This
+exceeds the average of the Chicago flyer, which is 48.2 miles an hour,
+although for a much greater distance. Several times our speed had
+reached seventy miles an hour, and with better coal and other
+conditions equally favorable, Buchanan has driven 870 up to the
+eighty-mile point. With the sound devils still dancing in my head, I
+watched the engineer as he rubbed down his iron horse after the hard
+run. He was tired himself, and his face was white, but he went over
+the rods and cylinders as tenderly and carefully as if he was
+refreshing the muscles and sinews of a living creature.
+
+"She's a beauty, isn't she?" he said, in a tone which bore witness to
+the love felt by the man for the machine. "You see, she has always
+been true to me, 870 has, and I've run her ever since she was built.
+She's never cranky or sick, and she makes her three hundred miles a
+day three hundred and sixty-five times a year, and does her duty every
+time. That's more than you can say of many men, or women either, isn't
+it?"
+
+It seems that there are about fifty engines in constant use on the New
+York Central with the power and dimensions of 870, and only the
+peerless 999, with her heavier build and smoke-consuming device, can
+boast any points of superiority. The life of an engine like 870 is
+about twenty years, during which time she makes several visits to the
+hospital for new cylinders, new flues, and a new fire-box. Aside from
+that, the engine needs about an hour's care morning and night, and a
+washout and blowout of her boilers at the end of alternate weeks.
+Only at these periods is the engine's fire allowed to go out.
+
+I asked Buchanan what were the principal qualifications for a
+first-class engineer, and what was the training necessary to become
+one. "To begin with," he said, "a man must be a first-class fireman,
+which is no easy matter. He must know just how much coal to put on the
+fire and when to put it on, so as to keep the steam at full pressure
+without burning too much fuel. The great secret of good firing is to
+put coal on often and a little at a time. You noticed Al did that on
+our run up. When a fireman has shown himself worthy of it, he is given
+a chance to drive an engine for switching work or on a freight train.
+The first years of his life as an engineer are very hard, for he has
+to run at all sorts of hours, day and night, winter and summer, and on
+the meanest kinds of trains. If this does not kill him he finally
+becomes engineer on an express and has a better time of it, but a good
+many of the boys prefer to remain firemen all their lives rather than
+stand such hardships. My man Al has tried driving an engine twice, and
+come back to me both times. You can be pretty sure that a man who gets
+to be an engineer on one of the fine trains to-day has earned his
+position. He must know his engine like a book, backwards and forwards,
+must know how to manage her when she is sick and well, and what to do
+if an eccentric breaks or a piston gets leaking or a valve-spindle is
+bent. He must know how to work the injector so as to keep water enough
+in the boiler without wasting any by the steam blowing off. He must be
+able to save power by working the steam expansively and yet keeping up
+his speed; he must know every inch of the road, the grades, bridges,
+switches, curves, and tunnels, and all the trains he has to pass or
+which may pass him. He must be able to control his train and engine at
+full speed, must understand the effect of the weather on the rails,
+must know how to use the air-brakes and the reversing-lever, and when
+not to use them."
+
+I listened and marvelled.
+
+"What would you do in a collision?" I asked.
+
+The engineer pushed back the little black skullcap from his iron-gray
+hair and said, in the low tone which is usual with him:
+
+"It is pretty hard to say what a man should do when he hears the
+whistle of danger ahead or sees that a crash is coming. Even the best
+of us are liable to get confused at such a moment. What would you do
+if you woke up in the night and found a burglar holding a pistol at
+your head? There are no rules for such cases. What I would not do,
+though, is to reverse my engine, although many engineers are liable to
+lose their heads at a critical moment and make that mistake. It is a
+curious thing that reversing your engine suddenly when going at high
+speed makes the train go faster instead of slower. The reason is that
+the drivers slip and the locomotive shoots ahead as if she were on
+skates. The only thing to do is to put on the air-brakes and pray
+hard."
+
+The man's words, all the more impressive for their rugged simplicity,
+brought to my mind again the thought of danger, for in spite of the
+wonderful system by which these flying trains are run, in spite of the
+elaborate precautions taken and the many eyes forever watching to see
+that they are carried out, it is impossible to go through such an
+experience as mine without realizing that there is danger in these
+desperate dashes. Suppose something goes wrong on the track ahead
+while the train is making sixty or seventy miles an hour. Suppose, as
+the whirling caravan rounds a curve or plunges through a tunnel,
+another whirling caravan is seen blocking the path. Then what? Would
+there be time to stop? Could the engineer, with all his skill and
+bravery, prevent disaster? With the old trains running forty miles an
+hour, seven hundred and sixty feet of track was necessary to bring the
+locomotive and six cars to a dead stop from full speed. No one has
+ever made the experiment with the Chicago flyer or the Empire State
+express, but unquestionably it would take at least a thousand feet of
+track to stop either of them, and many things can happen in a thousand
+feet. There are never more than a thousand feet, and very often only a
+few hundred, between the three sets of signals, with their red, green,
+and yellow bars, which are shown at each station of the block system
+all along the route. As there are a hundred of these stations between
+New York and Albany, that gives three hundred sets of signals to be
+instantly recognized and obeyed on this relay alone, and a man had
+better die than make a mistake. Now there are two difficulties with
+these signals; in the first place, some of them are so close together
+that no human power could stop the train in the space between them;
+and in the second place, going at such a speed, it is almost
+impossible to distinguish the green signals against the background of
+foliage. Already it has been found necessary to substitute yellow
+signals for green ones in a number of cases.
+
+While we were talking, a trainman drew a dead chicken from between two
+bars of the cowcatcher, where its head was wedged. It had been struck
+so suddenly that the feathers were scarcely rumpled, and the lucky
+finder evidently proposed to have broiled poulet for dinner. I had
+noticed the poor fowl on the way up, scurrying along in front of the
+engine, and pitied its stupidity in refusing to leave the track, as it
+might perfectly well have done. Buchanan told me that they often catch
+chickens in this way, and find them excellent eating. Then he went on
+to describe the sensations of running over animals and men.
+
+"It always seems to me, sir, that the engine hates to kill a man as
+much as we do. Of course, it's only a fancy, but once, up at
+Germantown, when the sheet-iron flange around the tender cut off a
+man's head clean as a razor, the fireman and I both felt the engine
+tremble in a queer way. Another time there was a man on the track who
+had just come out of a hospital, and, instead of killing him, old 870
+just caught him gently on her cowcatcher and threw him off the track
+without doing him any injury except a broken arm. It's curious about
+animals. The ones we dread most are hogs. A fat hog will throw a train
+off the track quicker than a horse or a cow. When we see a cow or
+horse ahead we put on full speed and try to hurl them clear of the
+track. If we strike them going slow we are apt to get the worst of
+it."
+
+There is a sympathy which draws together two men who have ridden side
+by side on an engine running seventy miles an hour, and I was glad to
+accept Engineer Buchanan's invitation to pay him a visit at his place
+up the Hudson. No contrast could be greater or more charming than that
+between the engineer at his post of danger and endurance, and the
+father and husband, in his pretty vine-covered home by the river. Mr.
+Buchanan in private life is a prosperous resident of Morris Heights,
+where he owns valuable property, and enjoys alternate days among the
+flowers, fruits, and vegetables of his garden. This garden is the
+pride of his life, and, next to bringing a train in on time, I believe
+he takes more pride in his roses, grapes, peas, and onions than in
+anything in the world. We sat for a long time on the engineer's
+favorite bench, under a cool grape arbor, with the river running
+lazily at our feet. Buchanan, looking like a different man in
+citizen's dress, talked unpretentiously of his life. There was no
+posing as a hero, no complaining about hardships, just a simple,
+straight-forward story of twenty-six years passed almost entirely on
+an engine--twenty-six years of constant danger. Surely that ought to
+have some curious influence on the human mind and character. In
+Buchanan's case this influence certainly has been for good, for he
+told me how, as a young man, he had come out of the war with
+shiftless, lazy habits, fond of wasting his time and money in Eighth
+Avenue saloons, and then how he had become steady and saving, when he
+began to run regularly on an engine.
+
+"When I used to be away on long stretches," he said, "with nothing to
+do but think, I saw how foolish it was giving my money to a saloon
+keeper for him to put in the bank instead of putting it there myself.
+It used to come to me at night, as the engine ran along through the
+shadows, that the friends I had down in the city were not good for
+much, and that, if I lost my job or was hurt in an accident, they
+would be the first to turn their backs on me. At last I decided to get
+away from all my bad associations and from New York too; so I scraped
+together what money I could and bought this land, where I have lived
+ever since with my wife and children. That was the best day's work I
+ever did. It was a hard-looking place when I bought it, nothing but
+rocks and weeds, but I was proud of it, and put in all my spare time
+fixing it up until I have made it what it is to-day."
+
+As he spoke the engineer's eyes wandered complacently over the
+gardens, the trim gravel walks, and the pretty house--everything as
+neat and spic-span as the kitchen of a Dutch house-wife.
+
+When not busy with his garden Buchanan's favorite occupation is
+reading histories of the war and reminiscences of its great generals.
+He will sit in his rocking-chair on the shady piazza for hours,
+reading of Lincoln and McClellan and the stirring scenes in which he
+himself took part--the battles of Second Bull Run, Seven Days, Big
+Bethel, and Bristol Station. He has fought these battles over again
+hundreds of times in his fancy, and many a lonely hour on the track
+has been brightened by the memories of what he saw and did in the
+great struggle. His admiration for General McClellan knows no bound,
+and he entered into quite an argument to show that "McClellan did all
+the work, sir, and the other fellows got all the glory." The only
+vacation Buchanan has taken in a quarter of a century was a few years
+ago, when he went South for a month to see the old battlefields once
+more; but they were all changed, and he came back saddened. "I shall
+never lay off again," he said, "until I lay off for good."
+
+Archie Buchanan is but a fair type of the loyal fellows who drive the
+flying engines of to-day. Many of them are as thrifty as he is; he
+told me of one veteran in the company's employ, Thomas Dormatty, who
+has property in Schenectady valued at one hundred thousand dollars,
+and who, in spite of his seventy years, does his regular run between
+Albany and Syracuse. It is easy to see what that means of saving and
+prudent investment, when one remembers that the best engineers receive
+only from one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty dollars per
+month. And when they have finished their terms of usefulness, and are
+unable to run any longer, that same day their pay stops, as it stops
+when they are ill; for railway companies are not philanthropists and
+have no pension system.
+
+I was glad to learn that there is no truth in the popular notion that
+engineers are full of superstition. Buchanan told me he had never
+experienced any such feeling, and had never known a superstitious
+engineer, with the exception of Nat Sawyer, the veteran who is now at
+Chicago with Engine 999. It is Nat who runs "the bosses' engine"--that
+is, the luxurious observation car which takes the directors and
+officials of the road on their tours of inspection. In spite of his
+well-proven courage, Engineer Sawyer always hesitates to go out on his
+engine if he meets a cross-eyed person in the morning on his way to
+the roundhouse. That, however, is only the exception which proves the
+rule.
+
+As he was showing me about his house, which is furnished with taste
+and comfort, Buchanan stopped before two large portraits of his father
+and mother. Both of them are alive. His father is eighty-seven, his
+mother four years younger. Speaking of his parents, the engineer said
+reverently: "My father was a blacksmith and gave me a strong body, but
+my mother did more for me than that, because she has prayed for me
+every day of her life, and I have never had an accident on a train and
+never got so much as a scratch in the war."
+
+When I spoke of religion Buchanan showed some reticence. "How can I
+get time to go to church," he said, "when I run my engine every other
+day in the year, Sundays, holidays, and all? I guess my religion is
+hard work, and I don't know but it's as good as any other."
+
+The religion of hard work! Is it possible for the man who drives one
+of our great modern trains to have any other religion than that?
+Fifteen days in the month, twelve months in the year, he runs his
+engine three hundred miles; and besides that, does extra work when a
+sick comrade must be replaced, or the occasion demands. The remaining
+days of the year he is resting for the strain and responsibility of
+the morrow. He worships in the same place that he does his duty, under
+the broad arch of heaven; his creed is to keep the train on time, his
+prayer that danger may be averted. And when his eyes fail or his
+health breaks down, he says good-by to the old engine which has been
+his comrade on many a thrilling ride, and spends the years that remain
+in some quiet, vine-covered home like the one I saw up the Hudson.
+
+
+
+
+AMONG THE GORILLAS.
+
+A VOICE FROM THE WILDERNESS.
+
+BY R. L. GARNER, Author of "The Speech of Monkeys," etc.
+
+
+An article written from the wilds of Africa may be expected to contain
+long tales of bloody deeds and great perils, of narrow escapes from
+hungry lions, battles with hordes of gory cannibals, and dramatic
+rescue in the nick of time, followed by a swift revenge and a grand
+flourish of trumpets; but as I have never been so fortunate in my
+travels as to meet with the romantic events that are so common to many
+travellers, I must ask my readers to be content with some plain facts,
+set forth in simple prose; and as my mission to Africa is in search of
+the truth in certain lines, I feel excused from any attempt to paint,
+in the rosy hues of fancy, such thrilling scenes as some depict.
+
+I shall omit some details of travel which are full of interest, but as
+many of my detours have been over routes that have been travelled by
+others and described by some, in various tints of truth and fiction, I
+shall pass, with long strides, over the time since my arrival on the
+coast to the present.
+
+As the chief object of my visit to this wilderness is to study the
+habits of the gorilla and chimpanzee in a state of nature, I shall
+confine myself chiefly to them, and to such things as I find among the
+natives in common with them.
+
+After a long voyage of thirty-six days from England, I arrived in
+Gaboon, the capital of the French Congo, where I was kindly received
+by the governor and others, and assured of any aid that they could
+render me. They manifested great interest in my work and anxiety for
+its success.
+
+During my stay of some weeks there I acquired much information, of
+great value to me, about the distribution of various tribes, and also
+of the apes. In the meantime I paid a visit to the king of the
+M'pongwe people, in his country called Denni, lying on the south side
+of the Gaboon River. The name of the king is Adande Repontjombo, which
+means _the son_ of Repontjombo, who was king when Paul du Chaillu was
+in Africa.
+
+The dignity of king, in Africa, does not rank with such a title in
+Europe. Here his powers are but little superior to those of any other
+native. He works, hunts, loafs, begs and lies just as others do. I
+must make an exception of the King of Denni, who is, by far, the best
+of all the royal Africans I have met, much of which is due to a good
+education, and his contact with white men. King Adande is an
+intelligent man, and well informed on many subjects. He reads, writes
+and speaks English and French in addition to his native tongue.
+
+A visit to the king, here, is not a matter of so much pomp and
+ceremony as such a visit to the sovereign of Great Britain, but to me
+it was novel and full of deep interest.
+
+Leaving Gaboon near the beginning of the year, I came to this section,
+known as Fernan Vaz, but by the natives called Eliuee N'Kami. The
+portion to which this name belongs extends from about one degree south
+latitude to about one degree forty-five minutes south along the coast,
+and thence, toward the interior, about three or four days' journey up
+the Rembo N'Kami, embracing the great lake and surrounding country;
+and this is the true habitat of the gorilla, which the natives called
+_n'jina_ (n'geena).
+
+After arranging here for a sojourn of a few months, I placed the most
+of my heavy effects in the custody of the Ste. Anne Mission, and began
+a journey up the Ogowe. I proceeded as far as N'djole, which is about
+two hundred and twenty miles from the coast. Along the way I made many
+inquiries about the gorilla, but elicited little information of any
+value. At a village called Ouimbiana, near an outlet of a lake called
+Ezhanga, a native offered me quite a fine skull of a gorilla in
+exchange for rum or tobacco, but, not having either of these current
+articles of trade, I could not make the purchase. The animal had been
+killed near Lake Ezhanga, which lies on the south side of the Ogowe,
+and about four days from the coast. At Lambarene, about one day higher
+up the river, I was presented with a fine skull from near that same
+lake. At N'djole I was assured that five gorillas had been seen near
+there only a few weeks before my visit, and that two native Pangwes
+had been killed by them, on the south side of the river. But it is
+very rare that one is ever seen so far away from the coast. I did not
+hear of one on the north side of the river, and the natives all along
+told me that they were all on the south side.
+
+On my return I went into the Lake Ezhanga section, where I had heard
+they were abundant, but, on reaching the south side of the lake, I was
+told that they lived far away in the bush, and that ten boys and a
+canoe could take me in one day to the very spot where schools of them
+revel all the day and howl most of the night; but I didn't go.
+
+I must digress for a moment to tell you what a superb lake the Ezhanga
+is, dotted with islands, among which are some perfect gems of wild
+and varied beauty. It is a sublime panorama. Down to the very edge of
+the water hang perfect walls of trailing vines and weeping trees,
+which look like the ivy-clad ruins of mediaeval England. Towers of
+green, of every shade the most vivid fancy can depict; crumbling
+turrets and broken arches, hung with garlands of flowers. Here are
+some of the most brilliant flowers and gorgeous foliage I have yet
+seen in this tropical land. In one part of the lake is a vast
+archipelago, which forms a gigantic labyrinth of coves and grottos. At
+places the boughs from island to island almost meet overhead, forming
+a grand archway of varied green set with the jewels of the floral
+queen, and looking as though Dame Nature and her maids had decked it
+for their own triumphal arch. Within the deep and solemn shadows of
+these sylvan naves no sunbeams kiss the limpid waters, and not a voice
+disturbs their quiet, save the harsh scream of the eagle or the wail
+of the lone ibis. Now and then is seen some bird with plumage of most
+brilliant tint, which looks as if its costume were designed for such a
+place, and here and there the fish disport in some retired nook.
+
+When once this fairy land is passed, the waters broaden to an inland
+sea, with only a few islands of a larger size. Some of these are
+skirted with wide bands of grass, sometimes sweeping away between the
+trees in a long vista, on whose green expanse stands, perhaps, a
+solitary hut, and on which feed the herds of hippopotami which lead a
+life of idle luxury along these fertile shores and in the lonely
+waters of this sea of dreams.
+
+Coming on down the Ogowe, I spent four days in a native village of the
+Orungo tribe. The town is called M'biro, but I do not know what the
+name signifies unless it is _mud_. I was kindly treated by the people,
+who delighted in hearing of some of the wonders of my country. The old
+king was in ecstasies at my efforts to speak a few phrases of his
+language, and vowed that nothing except a former betrothal restrained
+him from offering me his daughter for a wife, to go with me to my
+country and see some of the things of which I had told him. At this
+place I was again assured that the gorilla lived on the south side of
+the river.
+
+My next point was Fernan Vaz, which I reached in two days' journey
+along the Jimbogombi, one of the most beautiful rivers one can
+imagine. It is bordered with myriads of stately palms, bamboos, and
+ferns, relieved by vines, orchids, and flowers. Here the monkey revels
+in the plenitude of wild fruits, and the pheasant finds a safe retreat
+from crafty woodsmen, while birds of diverse kinds invoke the spirit
+of nature with the voice of song.
+
+On reaching Ste. Anne I selected a site for my cage and erected it at
+once. It is located in the heart of the jungle, a trifle more than a
+mile from any human habitation, and I named it Fort Gorilla. It is in
+a spot where nothing but the denizens of the bush has any cause to
+come. It is near a grove of plantains, on which the gorilla feasts
+with the gusto of a charter member of the Gourmand Club. He does not
+care so much for the fruit, but takes out the tender heart of the
+young stalk, which is quite succulent, and eats it with an appetite
+peculiar to his race.
+
+Before my cage was quite in order to receive, I had my first call from
+a young gorilla, who came within about ten yards, as if to see what
+was going on. I had my rifle in my hand, but did not fire at him, as I
+desired to have him call again and bring his friends. He didn't tarry
+long, but hurried off into the bush as though he had something to
+tell.
+
+The third day after my cage was complete, a family of ten gorillas
+crossed the rear of the open grounds belonging to the mission, and not
+more than two hundred yards from the house. A small native boy was
+within some twenty yards of them when they crossed the path in front
+of him. Within a few minutes I was notified of the fact, and took my
+rifle and followed them into the bush until I lost their trail. A few
+hours later they were seen again by some natives, not far away from my
+cage, but they did not call on me. The next day, however, I had a
+visit from a group who came within some thirty yards of the cage. The
+bush was so dense that I could not see them, but I could easily
+distinguish four or five voices, which seemed to be engaged in a
+family broil of some kind. I suppose that they were the same family
+that had been seen the day before.
+
+Pere Buleon, _le pere superieur_ of Ste. Anne, tells me that he has
+twice seen a family of gorillas feeding in a plantain grove, and that,
+on both occasions, the father gorilla sat quietly eating the fruit
+which the others gathered and brought to him. I have learned from
+other reliable sources that gorillas are often seen in groups or
+families of twelve or fifteen, and always have one which seems to be
+chief among them, and this one the natives call _ekombo n'jina_, which
+means gorilla king.
+
+It is the current belief that these groups consist of one adult male,
+and a number of females and their young. The gorilla is evidently
+polygamous, but when he once adopts a wife she remains so for years,
+and a certain degree of marital fidelity is observed. The same
+practice prevails with the natives, with one exception in favor of the
+gorilla, and that is that I have never heard of one selling one of his
+wives, which the natives frequently do.
+
+As far as it can be said that the gorilla has any form of government,
+it is strictly patriarchal, and there are reasons to justify the
+belief that they have some fixed ideas of order and justice. Many of
+the natives declare that they have seen the gorillas holding a
+palaver, at which the king always presided, while the others stood or
+sat in a semicircle, talking in an excited manner. They do not claim
+to have interpreted what was said or understood the nature of the
+quarrel, but, as a rule, all natives believe that the gorilla has a
+language which is understood among themselves, and used in the same
+manner as man uses his speech.
+
+To my mind it is quite evident that the habit of the gorilla is to go
+in groups, although it is a very common thing to see one quite alone,
+or to see a single pair of them. I think, as a rule, when you see one
+alone it is a young male who has set out in the world for himself, and
+the pair is perhaps a bridal couple.
+
+The next visit I received was by a fine young chimpanzee, who came to
+an opening in the bush, where he stopped and took quite a look at the
+situation. He betrayed no sign of alarm, and seemed half-way tempted
+to come nearer, but after a halt of nearly a minute he resumed his
+march with an air of great leisure, nor did he deign to turn his head
+to see if I followed him.
+
+On the day after this a young gorilla came within six or seven yards
+of my cage and took a good peep at me. He stood for a few seconds,
+holding on to a bush with one hand; his lips were relaxed and his
+mouth half open, as if surprised and perplexed at what he beheld. His
+countenance did not portray either fear or anger, but utter amazement.
+I heard him creeping through the bush before I saw him, and I don't
+think he was aware of my presence until he was so near. During this
+short visit I sat as still as a statue, and I think he was in doubt as
+to whether I was alive or not; but when he turned away into the bush
+he lost no time in getting out of reach. He uttered no sound except a
+suppressed _umph_!
+
+A day or two later I heard a couple among the plantains, but could
+only get the faintest glimpse of them. They were talking but little,
+and I don't think they broke any of the stalks. As well as I could
+determine, there were only two, but they were of good size and alike
+in color.
+
+At this moment I hear one tearing a plantain stalk within about thirty
+yards of me. I can only hear one voice, but as they do not talk much
+when alone, I presume there are more of them not far away. He is
+uttering a low murmuring sound which seems to express pleasure, but I
+am not yet able to translate it into English. Time and patience,
+however, will accomplish that, and much more.
+
+It is a fact worthy of notice that some of the sounds uttered by the
+gorilla and chimpanzee are identical with certain sounds in the
+native language, and it is quite as easy to find letters to represent
+them. One word in N'Kami, meaning _yes_ or _assent_, is exactly the
+same as one sound that is much used by the chimpanzee, but is not
+within the scope of any known system of phonetic symbols. The same is
+true of the word for _five_ in one dialect of Kroo speech.
+
+My visitor has gone from the plantain grove without calling to pay his
+respects, but I am now being closely inspected by a young porcupine,
+who doesn't appear to be so shy as his elders are; and just in the
+rear of my domicile is a large school of mangaby monkeys who come
+frequently to visit me. There are about twenty of them, some very
+large, and as I have never disturbed them, they seem to be getting
+more familiar. In fact, I am seldom without something to interest,
+amuse, or edify me. Parrots, toucans, and scores of other birds keep
+up a constant babel, and it is no longer such a novelty to me to hear
+a gorilla near my fort. At night I frequently have a leopard or
+bush-cat visit me; it is then too dark to shoot them, but my interest
+is centr----s--s--st!--s--s--st! Oh, the precious moment! I have just
+had a new and grand experience. I am a trifle nervous, but I must tell
+you. While writing the last few lines above, a large dog from the
+mission came to pay me a visit. He has become attached to me, and has
+learned the way to my retreat. He soon found a bone which I had thrown
+into the bush, and began to gnaw with great vigor. Within a few feet
+of my cage is a small, rough path cut through the bush to mark the
+boundary of the mission lands. Suddenly there appeared on the edge of
+this path a huge female gorilla, carrying a young one on her back. She
+was not more than thirty feet from me when I first saw her, and her
+tread was so stealthy that I did not hear the rustle of a leaf. She
+peeped along the edge of the bush with the greatest caution, with her
+whole attention fixed upon the dog. In a few moments she advanced very
+softly towards him, with the evident purpose of attack, until she was
+within a measured distance of eleven feet of me, without having
+observed my presence, I think. The dog was not aware of her approach,
+and she was now within fourteen feet of him. With my rifle at my elbow
+I was prepared for action in an instant, as I did not want her to kill
+the dog. As I cocked my gun she stopped, sat down on the ground for a
+few seconds, and gave me such a look of scorn that I almost felt that
+I had done wrong to interfere. She then turned away uneasily and
+retraced her steps with moderate haste, but she did not run, or betray
+much sign of fear. In an instant she was lost in the bush, and not the
+faintest sound was uttered. There were doubtless more of them near by,
+as the natives say it is very rare to find one female and babe alone,
+but so far as I could see she was all alone. She may have been a
+widow, and if so, I should think her chances to remain so were very
+fine, if beauty goes at par among her beaux, for she certainly was one
+of the most hideous-looking things I have ever seen.
+
+The temptation to shoot her was almost too great to resist, and the
+desire to capture the babe made it all the more so, but I have
+refrained, so far, from firing my gun anywhere near my cage. I could
+have shot this one to-day with such ease and safety that I almost
+regret that I did not, but she may return.
+
+I have had the pleasure this afternoon of hearing three others howling
+in different directions, one of which appears to be a very large one.
+
+I have been told that the gorilla builds a rude hut or shelter in
+which he makes his home, but, so far, I have found no trace of any
+kind of structure built by them, nor can any native tell me where one
+can be found. I do not believe that he has the most remote idea of a
+home. He is nomadic in habit, and I doubt if he ever spends two nights
+in the same place. During the day gorillas wander about from place to
+place in quest of food, and wherever night finds them they remain till
+morning. They are not nocturnal in habit, and the stories of their
+howling and talking all night are not well founded. They do sometimes
+yell at night, I have no doubt, but I think it is not common with
+them, though at the first sign of dawn they make their presence known,
+and no one will mistake the cause of the sound. One morning, about
+five o'clock, I was startled from my sleep by one of the most terrific
+yells, within about one hundred feet of my cage. It was not simply one
+great shout, but a long series of sounds of varying pitch and
+loudness, and at intervals of something like a minute they were
+repeated, for about ten or twelve times, and to my ear appeared to be
+exactly the same each time. I quietly turned out of bed and dressed
+myself; I took my rifle and sat down, and watched until long after
+sunrise, in the hope that they would pass by my cage. All the sounds
+came from one direction until the last two, which indicated to me that
+the author of them was changing his location. My interpretation of the
+sound was that it was from the king gorilla, to arouse his family, who
+were doubtless scattered off into different trees for the night. The
+sound did not suggest to my mind any idea of fear, anger, or mirth,
+but business, and I am inclined to believe that the chief of the clan
+summons all to the march when he thinks it time to move. The
+succeeding morning I heard the same sounds repeated in another
+direction, and, I suspect, by the same gorilla.
+
+The usual pictures of the gorilla do not represent him as I have seen
+him. He has not only a crouching habit, but he walks on all four of
+his legs, and has the motion of most quadrupeds, using his right arm
+and left leg at the same time, and alternates with the left arm and
+right leg. It is not exactly a walk or a trot, but a kind of ambling
+gait, while the chimpanzee uses his arms as crutches, but lifts one
+foot from the ground a little in advance of the other. They do not
+place the palm of the hand on the ground, but use the back of the
+fingers from the second joint, and at times the one I have described
+above seemed to touch only the back of the nails, but this was when
+she was scarcely moving at all. I am now preparing to photograph some
+of them, and I think I can give a more reliable picture of this
+animal than I have ever seen heretofore.
+
+As to the stories about their howling all night, I would add that
+there is a large bird here which makes a sound very much like one
+sound made by the gorilla, and it is a very easy matter to mistake it.
+When I first came I was often deceived by it myself, but now I can
+detect it very easily. This bird cries at all hours, and I think it
+has imposed upon the honest credulity of many strangers.
+
+It is said that at night the king gorilla selects a large tree in
+which he places his family, and then takes up position at the base of
+the tree to ward off any harm during the night. I very much doubt this
+story. I think it quite probable that the gorillas habitually sleep in
+trees at night, but from all I can learn of the king, he looks after
+his own comfort and safety first, and lets his family do as they can.
+I have also heard that the king always finds a place of safety for
+them before he will attack a foe, but this is not confirmed by any
+fact that I can obtain. The gorilla will avoid an attack unless
+surprised or wounded, and in such an event he wastes no time in
+formalities.
+
+Two stories of the gorilla are in stereotype, and every native will
+furnish you with a certified copy, without the slightest variation of
+the text. One is, that when a gorilla kills a man he tears open the
+breast and drinks the blood of his victim; and the other, that a
+gorilla seizes the barrel of a gun and crushes it with his teeth. The
+uniform version of these two stories is such as to make one believe
+that they have been taught by rote, and I am in doubt as to their
+authorship; they have a strong tincture of the white man's yarns.
+
+The thrilling stories about gorillas stealing women and holding them
+as captives in the bush, and of their taking children and holding them
+for ransom, are mere freaks of fancy, and I can find no native of the
+land in which the gorilla is found who believes that such a thing ever
+occurred, but all assert that man, woman, and child fare alike in the
+hands of this cruel beast. Such stories abound in the parts where no
+gorillas were ever seen, but when you get into his true range his
+real history loses much of its poesy.
+
+Many of the stories told of him, however, in his own land, are novel
+and curious, but conflicting, and some of them absurd; yet all agree
+in one respect, and that is that his savage instincts and great
+strength make him the terror of the forest, and I have no doubt that
+when he is in a rage he is both fierce and powerful; but I am still
+inclined to believe that both his ferocity and his strength are rated
+far above their true value, and it is stated as a current fact that in
+combat with the chimpanzee the gorilla always gets whipped, and often
+killed. I cannot testify to this, as I have not seen such a fight, and
+they seldom occur, yet I have reason to believe it to be true.
+
+I have heard a story of the origin of man and the gorilla, which I
+shall relate as a queer bit of native lore. It is confined to the
+Galoi tribe, and appears to be of recent origin, and, to my mind, has
+a strong Caucasian flavor; besides, no vestige of such a tale is found
+in any other tribe that I have seen.
+
+They say that Einyambie (God) had four sons who lived with him in some
+aerial abode, and three of them came to the earth, leaving the oldest
+one with Einyambie. On their arrival here they held a big palaver as
+to what mode of life they should adopt. The oldest of the three wanted
+to build a town and plant some fruit, but the other two preferred to
+live in the forest and subsist upon the wild products of nature.
+Accordingly they separated, and the oldest went and built him a town,
+and planted some bananas and manioc, while the other two roamed about
+through the primeval bush, and ate such wild fruits as they could
+find, but they had no fire. After some talk about the matter, it was
+agreed that the older of the two should go to the brother in the town,
+and ask him for fire, while the younger should remain in the bush and
+gather up sticks of dry wood to burn. The one who had gone to town
+soon returned with fire, and the two got on quite well for a time, but
+when the wet season came on they found it more difficult to procure
+food, and at last it was decided that the elder should again visit the
+town to ask their brother to supply them, and the younger should
+remain to keep up the fire; but the youth went to sleep and let it die
+out, so, when the other returned with food, they had no fire to cook
+it. This vexed the elder very much and a quarrel ensued, in
+consequence of which they separated. The youngest brother was left
+alone in the deep bush, and, thus cut off from all fellowship with his
+brethren, he wandered about until he became wild and fierce, and for
+want of clothing was exposed to the weather, until a coat of hair grew
+all over him, and in this wise came the gorilla into the world.
+
+The next older brother, on leaving the remote forest, took up his
+abode near the town, and by this means came in contact at times with
+his brother in the town, from whom he learned a few useful things, and
+thus became more wise and civil than the one left in the bush; and
+from this one came the "bushman;" while the progeny of the one who
+built the town are _the people_ of the world. Such is the origin on
+earth of these three kindred races, as told by the sages of Galoi.
+
+You will observe that this novel has no woman in it, and her origin
+remains a question in Galoi.
+
+As a rule, the natives do not eat the gorilla, and very seldom kill
+one, but this I attribute more to fear than to respect. That great
+tribe of cannibals known as Pangwe, however, slay and eat him without
+compunction. This tribe was scarcely known on the coast a few years
+ago, but they are shifting like the desert sands from the interior,
+northeast of the Gaboon, to the coast southwest, until to-day they are
+found throughout the valley of the Ogowe, and as far south as Selle
+Kama, on the coast. They are the Jews of West Africa, and the life and
+soul of the trade of this part. They go into the bush for ivory,
+ebony, piassava, and dye-woods, and carry them for days to find sale
+for them. They drink much less rum than other natives, and deprecate
+slavery in all forms, except as hostage; but they are cruel, savage,
+and treacherous, and hold human life at small value.
+
+Up to this time I have not told you of the chimpanzee, which I have
+long believed to be the social and mental superior of the gorilla. My
+opinion was based upon a study of their skulls, and I was aware that
+many great men of science held opposite views; but all the evidence
+that I can find here, where they are best known, tends to confirm my
+belief. Every instinct of the gorilla seems to be averse to all human
+society; he delights in a life of seclusion in the most remote and
+desolate parts of the jungle, and I have never heard of but one
+gorilla that became even tolerant to man, much less attached to him,
+and this one was a mere infant. I have seen a few in captivity, but
+all of them are vicious, and devoid of any sense of gratitude
+whatever. On the other hand, the chimpanzee delights in the society of
+man, and displays many good traits. It is not at all rare to find tame
+ones on this coast, going about the premises at large, and quite as
+much at home as any resident. With this short preface I desire to
+introduce my own young friend, who lives with me in my forest home. He
+is a fine specimen of the chimpanzee race, and I call him Moses,
+because he was found in a papyrus swamp of the Ogowe. He is devoted to
+me, and cries after me like a spoiled baby, and follows me like a pet
+dog. I do not confine him, so he goes about in the bush near the cage,
+and selects some of the tender buds of young plants and vines, and
+returns to me to be petted and caressed. He is a great pleasure to me
+as well as a great plague, for he wants to hug me all the time, and
+never wants me to put him down. About ten o'clock every day he comes
+for a nap, and when I wrap him up and lay him on a box by my side, he
+sleeps quietly till noon. After a good sleep he climbs on my lap and
+embraces me with devotion, until I really tire of him. Much of the
+time I write with him on my lap, and when I put him outside the cage
+he climbs up near me, and begs and pulls my sleeve until I relent, and
+let him come inside again. When I leave my cage I usually take him
+with me, and when he sees me take my rifle he begins to fret, until I
+let him mount my back, which he does with great skill, and hangs on to
+me like the ivy to a church wall. A few days since, as we were
+returning from a short tour, I saw a young chimpanzee crossing the
+path about thirty yards from us, and I tried to induce Moses to call
+his little cousin; but he declined to do so, and I accused him of
+being proud because he was mounted and the other was afoot, and hence
+he would not speak to him.
+
+I am trying to teach Moses to speak English, but up to this time he
+has not succeeded. He tries to move his lips as I do, but makes no
+sound. However, he has only been in school a very short term, and I
+think he will learn by and by. I am also trying him on some simple
+problems with blocks, and sometimes I think he is doing quite
+well. I am giving him some lessons in cleanliness, and he listens
+with profound silence to my precepts, but when it comes to taking a
+bath, Moses is a rank heretic. He will allow his hands to be washed,
+but when it comes to wetting his face, no logic will convince him
+that he needs it. He has a great horror for large bugs, and when one
+comes near him he will talk like a phonograph, and brush at it
+with his hands until he gets rid of it. When he sees or hears anything
+strange, he always tells me in a low tone, unless it comes too
+near, and then he announces it with a yell. At times I refuse to pay
+any attention to him, and he will fall down, scream, and sulk like
+a very naughty child. He is extremely jealous, and does not want
+any one to come near me. I have made him a neat little house, with
+hammock and mosquito-bar, and at night I tuck him in, when he
+sleeps quietly until late in the morning. Then he crawls out, rubbing
+his eyes, and wants his breakfast. He wants to try everything he
+sees me eat.
+
+I must now tell you of the most novel and singular thing known of the
+chimpanzee, the native name of which is "_n'tyigo_" (n'cheego). All
+native tribes in this part of Africa use some species of drum to make
+the music for their frequent dances. The drum used by the N'Kami is
+called _n'gaema_, and the dance is called _kanjo_. The chimpanzees have
+a similar fete, and set to similar music. They meet in great numbers
+at a certain place in the bush, and beat their strange tum-tum, which
+the natives call the _n'gaema n'tyigo_. The performer makes a peculiar
+humming vocal sound while he beats on his mysterious drum with great
+zeal, during which time all the others go through a series of frantic
+motions which resemble a dance, and which the natives call the _kanjo
+n'tyigo_. When the music ceases, the dance ends for the time, and all
+the group join in a loud, wild shout. After a brief pause the dance is
+resumed, and these festivities are often continued for two or three
+hours. At intervals the musician is relieved by another taking his
+place, and two at a time have been known to beat and hum.
+
+I have heard of this in many parts of Africa with some slight
+changes of detail, but have as often been assured that it had
+defied the skill of all woodsmen to ascertain the real character of
+the drum used by them in this unique _n'kanjo_. Some assert that
+they beat upon a dead tree, others that they use a concave piece of
+wood or bark, while some contend that they strike the breast with
+their hands; but, during my sojourn here, I have been shown what I
+believe is the genuine _n'gaema n'tyigo_. It is a peculiar spot of
+sonorous earth, of irregular shape but usually about two feet in
+diameter, and formed of clay superimposed upon a soil resembling
+peat. It appears to be artificial, but the natives cannot tell
+whether it is natural or made by the _n'tyigo_, but it is fairly
+certain that it is used by the chimpanzee as described, and it is
+not a bad imitation of the native _n'gaema_. I have examined one of
+these with much care, and I am inclined to believe that it is
+artificial, as it is isolated from all similar clay, and appears to
+have been kneaded.
+
+I have, as yet, seen but few chimpanzees since I have taken up my
+abode at Fort Gorilla, but I hope to enjoy some private interviews
+with them before I decamp.
+
+It is difficult for me to tell you what it is to be alone in the bosom
+of the N'Kami forest. No fancy can portray the solitude of such a time
+and place. Just now the elements are in an angry mood; the thunder
+rolls along the sky, until the earth recoils and trembles at the
+sound; the wind shrieks through the jungle as if to find a refuge from
+impending wrath; the pouring rain pursues it with the speed of fear;
+the lightning waves its torch, and glowing chains of fire fall. Such
+is the way in which the long and dreary nights approach my hermitage.
+And yet, I am content among the dismal shadows of the wilderness, for
+Nature makes me her confidant, and every hour divulges some new
+secret; and my cage affords me such immunity from danger that I can
+sit quiescently and witness all her sports, as no one ever witnessed
+them before.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4,
+September 1893, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MCCLURE'S MAGAZINE, VOL. 1 ***
+
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